Saudi Sanitary Code-Plumbing

SBC 701 - CR
Code Requirements
‫اﻟﻜﻮد اﻟﺼﺤﻲ‬

2018
 Saudi Plumbing Code
SBC 701
Key List of the Saudi Codes: Designations and brief titles

Title Code Req.1 Code &Com.2 Arabic Prov. 3

The General Building Code SBC 201-CR SBC 201-CC SBC 201-AR
Structural – Loading and Forces SBC 301-CR SBC 301-CC SBC 301-AR
Structural – Construction SBC 302- CR SBC 302-AR
Structural – Soil and Foundations SBC 303- CR SBC 303-CC SBC 303-AR
Structural – Concrete Structures SBC 304- CR SBC 304-CC SBC 304-AR
Structural – Masonry Structures SBC 305- CR SBC 305-CC SBC 305-AR
Structural – Steel Structures
Electrical Code SBC 401- CR SBC 401-AR
Mechanical Code SBC 501-CR SBC 501-CC SBC 501-AR
Energy Conservation- SBC 601- CR SBC 601- CC SBC 601- AR
Nonresidential
Energy Conservation-Residential SBC 602- CR SBC 602- CC SBC 602- AR
Plumbing Code SBC 701- CR SBC 701-CC SBC 701-AR
Private sewage Code SBC 702- CR SBC 702-AR
Fire Code SBC 801- CR SBC 801-CC SBC 801-AR
Existing Buildings Code SBC 901- CR SBC 901-CC SBC 901-AR
Green Construction Code SBC 1001- CR SBC 1001-CC SBC 1001-AR
Residential Building Code* SBC 1101- CR SBC 1101-CC SBC 1101-AR
Fuel Gas Code* SBC 1201- CR SBC 1201-CC SBC 1201-AR
1. CR: Code Requirements without Commentary
2. CC: Code Requirements with Commentary
3. AR: Arabic Code Provisions
* Under Development

COPYRIGHT © 2018
by
The Saudi Building Code National Committee (SBCNC).
ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. All intellectual property rights of this Saudi Code are owned by the
National Committee of Saudi Building Code as per the Saudi laws of the intellectual property. No part
of this code may be reproduced, distributed or leased in any form or by any means, including but not
limited to publishing on cloud sites, computer networks or any electronic means of communication,
without prior written permission from the National Committee of the Saudi Building Code. The
purchase of an electronic or paper copy does not exempt the individual or entity from complying with
the above limitations.

SBC 701-CR-18 i
 TECHNICAL COMMITTEE (SBC 701):

1 Prof. Saleh F. Magram Chairman

2 Dr. Turki M. Al-aboud Member
3 Dr. Ahmed E. Aljuaidi Member

REVIEW COMMITTEE:
1 Dr. Naif M. Alabbadi Chairman
2 Dr. Khaled M. Aljammaz Member
3 Dr. Abdulrahman G. Al-enizi Member
4 Engr. Saeed K. Kadasah Member
SAUDI BUILDING CODE NATIONAL COMMITTEE (SBCNC) 5 Engr. Tawifik I. Aljrayed Member

1 H. E. Dr. Saad O. AlKasabi Chairman

2 Dr. Naif M. Alabbadi Vice Chairman REVIEWAL SUPPORT:
3 Dr. Abdulrahman G. Al-enizi Member
Dr. Ayman G. Abdual Rahman Engr. Kok-Wah Tung
4 Engr. Saeed K. Kadasah Member
5 Dr. Hassan S. Alhazmi Member
6 Engr. Badr S. AL-maayoof Member TECHNICAL EDITING COMMITTEE:
7 Engr. Fayez A. Alghamdi Member
8 Engr. Mohammed A. Alwaily Member 1 Prof. Ahmed B. Shuraim Chairman
9 Dr. Bandar S. Alkahlan Member 2 Dr. Abdallah M. Al-Shehri Member
10 Engr. Ahmad N. Hassan Member 3 Engr. Tawifik I. Aljrayed Member
11 Engr. Abdulnasser S. Alabdullatif Member
12 Dr. Hani M. Zahran Member
13 Engr. Khalifa S. Alyahyai Member EDITORIAL SUPPORT:
14 Dr. Khaled M. Aljammaz Member Dr. Mohammed A. Othman Dr. Fahid Aslam
15 Dr. Ibrahim O. Habiballah Member Dr. Fahed Alrshoudi Dr. Yassir M. Abbas
16 Dr. Saeed A. Asiri Member Dr. Mubashir Aziz
17 Dr. Abdallah M. Al-Shehri Member
18 Engr. Saad S. Shuail Member

ADVISORY COMMITTEE :
1 Dr. Khaled M. Aljammaz Chairman
2 Eng. Khalifa S. Alyahyai Vice Chairman
3 Dr. Hani M. Zahran Member
4 Prof. Ali A. Shash Member
5 Prof. Ahmed B. Shuraim Member
6 Dr. Khalid M. Wazira Member
7 Dr. Abdulhameed A. Al Ohaly Member
8 Dr. Hamza A. Ghulman Member
9 Engr. Hakam A. Al-Aqily Member
10 Prof. Saleh F. Magram Member
11 Engr. Nasser M. Al-Dossari Member
12 Dr. Waleed H. Khushefati Member
13 Dr. Waleed M. Abanomi Member
14 Dr. Fahad S. Al-Lahaim Member

SBC 701-CR-18 ii
 PREFACE

PREFACE
The Saudi Plumbing Code (SBC 701) is a Code that regulates the design and installation of plumbing
systems including the plumbing fixtures in the buildings. SBC 701 addresses general plumbing
regulations, fixture requirements, water heater installations and systems for water distribution, sanitary
drainage, special wastes, venting, storm drainage and medical gases. The purpose of the SBC 701 is
to the establish the minimum acceptable level of safety to protect life and property from the potential
dangers associated with supplying potable water to plumbing fixtures and outlets and the conveyance
of bacteria-laden wastewater from fixtures. In summary, the SBC 701 sets forth the minimum
requirements for providing safe water to a building as well as a safe manner in which liquid-borne
wastes are carried away from a building.
2015 International Plumbing Code (IPC 2015), published by the International Code Council (ICC), is
the base code in the development of this Code. Saudi Building Code National Committee (SBCNC)
has made an agreement with the ICC to use their materials and modify them as per the local
construction needs and regulatory requirements of Saudi Arabia. The ICC is not responsible or liable
in any way to SBCNC or to any other party or entity for any modifications or changes that SBCNC
makes to such documents.
The contents of the current edition of the Code is substantially updated from its 2007 edition. The
writing process of SBC 701-18 followed the methodology approved by the Saudi Building Code
National Committee. Many changes and modifications were made in its base code (IPC 2015) to meet
the local weather, materials, construction and regulatory requirements.
The committees responsible for SBC 701 Code have taken all precautions to avoid ambiguities,
omissions, and errors in the document. Despite these efforts, the users of SBC 701 may find
information or requirements that may be subject to more than one interpretation or may be incomplete.
The SBCNC alone possesses the authority and responsibility for updating, modifying and interpreting
the Code.
It is a common assumption that engineering knowledge is a prerequisite in understanding code
provisions and requirements; thus, the code is oriented towards individuals who possess the
background knowledge to evaluate the significance and limitations of its content and
recommendations. They shall be able to determine the applicability of all regulatory limitations before
applying the Code and must comply with all applicable laws and regulations.
The requirements related to administration and enforcement of this Code are advisory only. SBCNC
and governmental organizations, in charge of enforcing this Code, possess the authority to modify
these administrative requirements.

SBC 701-CR-18 iii

TABLE OF CONTENTS

TABLE OF CONTENTS
SCOPE AND ADMINISTRATION------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1
SECTION 101 GENERAL ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1
SECTION 102 APPLICABILITY ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1
SECTION 103 DEPARTMENT OF PLUMBING INSPECTION ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2
SECTION 104 DUTIES AND POWERS OF THE CODE OFFICIAL ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 3
SECTION 105 APPROVAL --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3
SECTION 106 PERMITS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 4
SECTION 107 INSPECTIONS AND TESTING ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 6
SECTION 108 VIOLATIONS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 8
SECTION 109 MEANS OF APPEAL -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 10
SECTION 110 TEMPORARY EQUIPMENT, SYSTEMS AND USES ------------------------------------------------------------------------- 11
DEFINITIONS ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 12
SECTION 201 GENERAL --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 12
SECTION 202 GENERAL DEFINITIONS --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 12
GENERAL REGULATIONS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 25
SECTION 301 GENERAL --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 25
SECTION 302 EXCLUSION OF MATERIALS DETRIMENTAL TO THE SEWER SYSTEM ------------------------------------------------ 25
SECTION 303 MATERIALS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 25
SECTION 304 RODENTPROOFING -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 26
SECTION 305 PROTECTION OF PIPES AND PLUMBING SYSTEM COMPONENTS ---------------------------------------------------- 26
SECTION 306 TRENCHING, EXCAVATION AND BACKFILL --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 27
SECTION 307 STRUCTURAL SAFETY------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 27
SECTION 308 PIPING SUPPORT ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 28
SECTION 309 FLOOD HAZARD RESISTANCE ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 30
SECTION 310 WASHROOM AND TOILET ROOM REQUIREMENTS --------------------------------------------------------------------- 30
SECTION 311 TOILET FACILITIES FOR WORKERS-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 30
SECTION 312 TESTS AND INSPECTIONS------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 30
SECTION 313 EQUIPMENT EFFICIENCIES ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 32
SECTION 314 CONDENSATE DISPOSAL ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 32
SECTION 315 PENETRATIONS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 34
SECTION 316 ALTERNATIVE ENGINEERED DESIGN ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 34
FIXTURES, FAUCETS AND FIXTURE FITTINGS ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 35
SECTION 401 GENERAL --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 35
SECTION 402 FIXTURE MATERIALS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 35
SECTION 403 MINIMUM PLUMBING FACILITIES ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 35
SECTION 404 ACCESSIBLE PLUMBING FACILITIES ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 40
SECTION 405 INSTALLATION OF FIXTURES -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 40
SECTION 406 AUTOMATIC CLOTHES WASHERS -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 42
SECTION 407 BATHTUBS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 42
SECTION 408 BIDETS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 42
SECTION 409 DISHWASHING MACHINES ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 42
SECTION 410 DRINKING FOUNTAINS --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 42
SECTION 411 EMERGENCY SHOWERS AND EYEWASH STATIONS---------------------------------------------------------------------- 43
SECTION 412 FLOOR AND TRENCH DRAINS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 43
SECTION 413 FOOD WASTE DISPOSER UNITS ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 43
SECTION 414 GARBAGE CAN WASHERS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 44
SECTION 415 LAUNDRY TRAYS------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 44
SECTION 416 LAVATORIES (WASH BASINS) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 44
SECTION 417 SHOWERS -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 44
SECTION 418 SINKS -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 46

SBC 701-CR-18 iv
TABLE OF CONTENTS

SECTION 419 URINALS ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 46

SECTION 420 WATER CLOSETS------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 46
SECTION 421 WHIRLPOOL BATHTUBS -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 47
SECTION 422 HEALTH CARE FIXTURES AND EQUIPMENT -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 47
SECTION 423 SPECIALTY PLUMBING FIXTURES --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 48
SECTION 424 FAUCETS AND OTHER FIXTURE FITTINGS ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 49
SECTION 425 FLUSHING DEVICES FOR WATER CLOSETS AND URINALS -------------------------------------------------------------- 49
SECTION 426 MANUAL FOOD AND BEVERAGE DISPENSING EQUIPMENT ---------------------------------------------------------- 50
SECTION 427 FLOOR SINKS ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 50
WATER HEATERS ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 51
SECTION 501 GENERAL --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 51
SECTION 502 INSTALLATION -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 51
SECTION 503 CONNECTIONS -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 52
SECTION 504 SAFETY DEVICES ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 52
SECTION 505 INSULATION ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 53
WATER SUPPLY AND DISTRIBUTION -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 54
SECTION 601 GENERAL --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 54
SECTION 602 WATER REQUIRED --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 54
SECTION 603 WATER SERVICE ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 54
SECTION 604 DESIGN OF BUILDING WATER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM ----------------------------------------------------------------- 55
SECTION 605 MATERIALS, JOINTS AND CONNECTIONS ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 59
SECTION 606 INSTALLATION OF THE BUILDING WATER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM -------------------------------------------------- 68
SECTION 607 HOT WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 70
SECTION 608 PROTECTION OF POTABLE WATER SUPPLY -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 71
SECTION 609 HEALTH CARE PLUMBING ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 80
SECTION 610 DISINFECTION OF POTABLE WATER SYSTEM ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- 81
SECTION 611 DRINKING WATER TREATMENT UNITS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 81
SECTION 612 SOLAR SYSTEMS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 81
SECTION 613 TEMPERATURE CONTROL DEVICES AND VALVES ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 81
SANITARY DRAINAGE ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 83
SECTION 701 GENERAL --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 83
SECTION 702 MATERIALS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 83
SECTION 703 BUILDING SEWER ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 86
SECTION 704 DRAINAGE PIPING INSTALLATION ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 86
SECTION 705 JOINTS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 87
SECTION 706 CONNECTIONS BETWEEN DRAINAGE PIPING AND FITTINGS --------------------------------------------------------- 91
SECTION 707 PROHIBITED JOINTS AND CONNECTIONS ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 92
SECTION 708 CLEANOUTS ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 92
SECTION 709 FIXTURE UNITS -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 94
SECTION 710 DRAINAGE SYSTEM SIZING ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 94
SECTION 711 OFFSETS IN DRAINAGE PIPING IN BUILDINGS OF FIVE STORIES OR MORE ---------------------------------------- 97
SECTION 712 SUMPS AND EJECTORS --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 97
SECTION 713 HEALTH CARE PLUMBING ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 98
SECTION 714 COMPUTERIZED DRAINAGE DESIGN --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 101
SECTION 715 BACKWATER VALVES ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 101
SECTION 716 VACUUM DRAINAGE SYSTEMS ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 102
SECTION 717 REPLACEMENT OF UNDERGROUNDSEWERS BY PIPE-BURSTING METHODS ------------------------------------ 102
INDIRECT/SPECIAL WASTE -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 104
SECTION 801 GENERAL -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 104
SECTION 802 INDIRECT WASTES -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 104
SECTION 803 SPECIAL WASTES ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 105
SECTION 804 MATERIALS, JOINTS AND CONNECTIONS --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 105

SBC 701-CR-18 v
TABLE OF CONTENTS

VENTS ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 106

SECTION 901 GENERAL -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 106
SECTION 902 MATERIALS ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 106
SECTION 903 VENT TERMINALS --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 106
SECTION 904 OUTDOOR VENT EXTENSIONS ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 107
SECTION 905 VENT CONNECTIONS AND GRADES ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 107
SECTION 906 VENT PIPE SIZING --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 108
SECTION 907 VENTS FOR STACK OFFSETS -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 108
SECTION 908 RELIEF VENTS—STACKS OF MORE THAN 10 BRANCH INTERVALS -------------------------------------------------- 110
SECTION 909 FIXTURE VENTS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 110
SECTION 910 INDIVIDUAL VENT --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 111
SECTION 911 COMMON VENT ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 111
SECTION 912 WET VENTING -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 111
SECTION 913 WASTE STACK VENT ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 112
SECTION 914 CIRCUIT VENTING --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 112
SECTION 915 COMBINATION WASTE AND VENT SYSTEM ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 113
SECTION 916 ISLAND FIXTURE VENTING ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 114
SECTION 917 SINGLE STACK VENT SYSTEM ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 114
SECTION 918 AIR ADMITTANCE VALVES ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 116
SECTION 919 ENGINEERED VENT SYSTEMS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 117
SECTION 920 COMPUTERIZED VENT DESIGN ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 117
TRAPS, INTERCEPTORS AND SEPARATORS --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 119
SECTION 1001 GENERAL ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 119
SECTION 1002 TRAP REQUIREMENTS-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 119
SECTION 1003 INTERCEPTORS AND SEPARATORS ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 120
SECTION 1004 MATERIALS, JOINTS AND CONNECTIONS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 123
STORM DRAINAGE ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 124
SECTION 1101 GENERAL ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 124
SECTION 1102 MATERIALS---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 124
SECTION 1103 TRAPS ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 127
SECTION 1104 CONDUCTORS AND CONNECTIONS -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 127
SECTION 1105 ROOF DRAINS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 127
SECTION 1106 SIZE OF CONDUCTORS, LEADERS AND STORM DRAINS -------------------------------------------------------------- 127
SECTION 1107 SIPHONIC ROOF DRAINAGE SYSTEMS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 133
SECTION 1108 SECONDARY (EMERGENCY) ROOF DRAINS ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- 133
SECTION 1109 COMBINED SANITARY AND STORM PUBLIC SEWER ------------------------------------------------------------------ 133
SECTION 1110 CONTROLLED FLOW ROOF DRAIN SYSTEMS --------------------------------------------------------------------------- 133
SECTION 1111 SUBSOIL DRAINS --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 133
SECTION 1112 BUILDING SUBDRAINS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 133
SECTION 1113 SUMPS AND PUMPING SYSTEMS------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 134
SPECIAL PIPING AND STORAGE SYSTEMS ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 136
SECTION 1201 GENERAL ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 136
SECTION 1202 MEDICAL GASES --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 136
SECTION 1203 OXYGEN SYSTEMS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 136
NON-POTABLE WATER SYSTEMS ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 137
SECTION 1301 GENERAL ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 137
SECTION 1302 ON-SITE NON-POTABLE WATER REUSE SYSTEMS --------------------------------------------------------------------- 140
SECTION 1303 NON-POTABLE RAINWATER COLLECTION AND DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS --------------------------------------- 143
SECTION 1304 RECLAIMED WATER SYSTEMS ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 146
SUBSURFACE LANDSCAPE IRRIGATION SYSTEMS------------------------------------------------------------------------- 149
SECTION 1401 GENERAL ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 149

SBC 701-CR-18 vi
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

SECTION 1402 SYSTEM DESIGN AND SIZING ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 149

SECTION 1403 INSTALLATION ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 150
REFERENCED STANDARDS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 153
APPENDIX A. PLUMBING PERMIT FEE SCHEDULE --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 174
APPENDIX B. RATES OF RAINFALL FOR VARIOUS CITIES ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 175
APPENDIX C. STRUCTURAL SAFETY --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 176
SECTION C101 CUTTING, NOTCHING AND BORING IN WOOD MEMBERS ---------------------------------------------------- 176
APPENDIX D. DEGREE DAY AND DESIGN TEMPERATURES --------------------------------------------------------------------------- 177
APPENDIX E. SIZING OF WATER PIPING SYSTEM---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 178
SECTION E101 GENERAL------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 178
SECTION E102 INFORMATION REQUIRED -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 178
SECTION E103 SELECTION OF PIPE SIZE ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 178
SECTION E201 SELECTION OF PIPE SIZE ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 186

SBC 701-CR-18 vii

 CHAPTER 1 SCOPE AND ADMINISTRATION

SCOPE AND ADMINISTRATION

materials, methods of construction or other
PART 1—SCOPE AND APPLICATION requirements, the most restrictive shall govern.
SECTION 101 GENERAL 102.2 Existing installations.
101.1 Title. Plumbing systems lawfully in existence at the time
of the adoption of this code shall be permitted to
These regulations shall be known as the Saudi have their use and maintenance continued if the use,
Plumbing Code (SBC 701) hereinafter referred to as maintenance or repair is in accordance with the
“this code.” original design and hazard to life, health or property
101.2 Scope. is not created by such plumbing system.
The provisions of this code shall apply to the 102.3 Maintenance.
erection, installation, alteration, repairs, relocation, Plumbing systems, materials and appurtenances,
replacement, addition to, use or maintenance of both existing and new, and parts thereof, shall be
plumbing systems within this jurisdiction. This maintained in proper operating condition in
code shall regulate non-flammable medical gas, accordance with the original design in a safe and
inhalation anesthetic, vacuum piping, nonmedical sanitary condition. Devices or safeguards required
oxygen systems and sanitary and condensate by this code shall be maintained in compliance with
vacuum collection systems. The installation of fuel the edition of the code under which they were
gas distribution piping and equipment, fuel-gas-
installed.
fired water heaters and water heater venting systems
shall be regulated by the Saudi Fuel Gas Code (SBC The owner or the owner’s authorized agent shall be
1201). Provisions in the appendices shall not apply responsible for maintenance of plumbing systems.
unless specifically adopted. To determine compliance with this provision, the
code official shall have the authority to require any
Exception: Detached one and two-family
plumbing system to be re-inspected.
dwellings and multiple single-family dwellings
(townhouses) not more than three stories high with 102.4 Additions, alterations or repairs.
separate means of egress and their accessory Additions, alterations, renovations or repairs to any
structures shall comply with the SBC 1101. plumbing system shall conform to that required for
101.3 Intent. a new plumbing system without requiring the
existing plumbing system to comply with all the
The purpose of this code is to establish minimum requirements of this code. Additions, alterations or
standards to provide a reasonable level of safety, repairs shall not cause an existing system to become
health, property protection and public welfare by
unsafe, insanitary or overloaded.
regulating and controlling the design, construction,
installation, quality of materials, location, operation Minor additions, alterations, renovations and
and maintenance or use of plumbing equipment and repairs to existing plumbing systems shall meet the
systems provisions for new construction, unless such work
is done in the same manner and arrangement as was
101.4 Severability. in the existing system, is not hazardous and is
If any section, subsection, sentence, clause or approved.
phrase of this code is for any reason held to be 102.5 Change in occupancy.
unconstitutional, such decision shall not affect the
validity of the remaining portions of this code. It shall be unlawful to make any change in the
occupancy of any structure that will subject the
SECTION 102 APPLICABILITY structure to any special provision of this code
102.1 General. applicable to the new occupancy without approval
of the code official. The code official shall certify
Where there is a conflict between a general that such structure meets the intent of the provisions
requirement and a specific requirement, the specific of law governing building construction for the
requirement shall govern. Where, in any specific proposed new occupancy and that such change of
case, different sections of this code specify different occupancy does not result in any hazard to the

SBC 701-CR-18 1
 CHAPTER 1 SCOPE AND ADMINISTRATION

public health, safety or welfare. Reference to chapter section numbers, or to

provisions not specifically identified by number,
102.6 Historic buildings.
shall be construed to refer to such chapter, section
The provisions of this code relating to the or provision of this code.
construction, alteration, repair, enlargement,
PART 2—ADMINISTRATION AND
restoration, relocation or moving of buildings or
ENFORCEMENT
structures shall not be mandatory for existing
buildings or structures identified and classified by SECTION 103 DEPARTMENT OF
the state or local jurisdiction as historic buildings PLUMBING INSPECTION
where such buildings or structures are judged by the
code official to be safe and in the public interest of 103.1 General.
health, safety and welfare regarding any proposed The department of plumbing inspection is hereby
construction, alteration, repair, enlargement, created and the executive official in charge thereof
restoration, relocation or moving of buildings. shall be known as the code official.
102.7 Moved buildings. 103.2 Appointment.
Except as determined by Section 102.2, plumbing The code official shall be appointed by the chief
systems that are a part of buildings or structures appointing authority of the jurisdiction.
moved into or within the jurisdiction shall comply
with the provisions of this code for new 103.3 Deputies.
installations. In accordance with the prescribed procedures of this
102.8 Referenced codes and standards. jurisdiction and with the concurrence of the
appointing authority, the code official shall have the
The codes and standards referenced in this code authority to appoint a deputy code official, other
shall be those that are listed in Chapter 15 and such related technical officers, inspectors and other
codes and standards shall be considered as part of employees. Such employees shall have powers as
the requirements of this code to the prescribed delegated by the code official.
extent of each such reference and as further
regulated in Sections 102.8.1 and 102.8.2. 103.4 Liability.
The code official, member of the board of appeals
102.8.1 Conflicts. or employee charged with the enforcement of this
Where conflicts occur between provisions of this code, while acting for the jurisdiction in good faith
code and the referenced standards, the provisions of and without malice in the discharge of the duties
this code shall apply. required by this code or other pertinent law or
ordinance, shall not thereby be rendered civilly or
102.8.2 Provisions in referenced codes and criminally liable personally, and is hereby relieved
standards. from all personal liability for any damage accruing
Where the extent of the reference to a referenced to persons or property as a result of any act or by
code or standard includes subject matter that is reason of an act or omission in the discharge of
within the scope of this code, the provisions of this official duties.
code, as applicable, shall take precedence over the
provisions in the referenced code or standard. 103.4.1 Legal defense.
102.9 Requirements not covered by code. Any suit or criminal complaint instituted against
any officer or employee because of an act
Any requirements necessary for the strength, performed by that officer or employee in the lawful
stability or proper operation of an existing or discharge of duties and under the provisions of this
proposed plumbing system, or for the public safety, code shall be defended by the legal representative
health and general welfare, not specifically covered of the jurisdiction until the final termination of the
by this code shall be determined by the code proceedings. The code official or any subordinate
official. shall not be liable for costs in any action, suit or
102.10 Other laws. proceeding that is instituted in pursuance of the
provisions of this code.
The provisions of this code shall not be deemed to
nullify any provisions of local, state or federal law.
102.11 Application of references.

SBC 701-CR-18 2
 CHAPTER 1 SCOPE AND ADMINISTRATION

SECTION 104 DUTIES AND POWERS Where the code official shall have first obtained a
OF THE CODE OFFICIAL proper inspection warrant or other remedy provided
by law to secure entry, no owner, owner’s
104.1 General. authorized agent, occupant or person having charge,
The code official is hereby authorized and directed care or control of any building or premises shall fail
to enforce the provisions of this code. The code or neglect, after proper request is made as herein
official shall have the authority to render provided, to promptly permit entry therein by the
interpretations of this code and to adopt policies and code official for the purpose of inspection and
procedures in order to clarify the application of its examination pursuant to this code.
provisions. Such interpretations, policies and 104.5 Identification.
procedures shall be in compliance with the intent
and purpose of this code. Such policies and The code official shall carry proper identification
procedures shall not have the effect of waiving when inspecting structures or premises in the
requirements specifically provided for in this code. performance of duties under this code.
104.2 Applications and permits. 104.6 Notices and orders.
The code official shall receive applications, review The code official shall issue all necessary notices or
construction documents and issue permits for the orders to ensure compliance with this code.
installation and alteration of plumbing systems, 104.7 Department records.
inspect the premises for which such permits have
been issued, and enforce compliance with the The code official shall keep official records of
provisions of this code. applications received, permits and certificates
issued, fees collected, reports of inspections, and
104.3 Inspections. notices and orders issued. Such records shall be
The code official shall make all the required retained in the official records for the period
inspections, or shall accept reports of inspection by required for the retention of public records.
approved agencies or individuals. Reports of such SECTION 105 APPROVAL
inspections shall be in writing and be certified by a
responsible officer of such approved agency or by 105.1 Modifications.
the responsible individual. The code official is Where there are practical difficulties involved in
authorized to engage such expert opinion as deemed carrying out the provisions of this code, the code
necessary to report on unusual technical issues that official shall have the authority to grant
arise, subject to the approval of the appointing modifications for individual cases, upon application
authority. of the owner or owner’s authorized agent, provided
104.4 Right of entry. the code official shall first find that special
individual reason makes the strict letter of this code
Where it is necessary to make an inspection to impractical and the modification conforms to the
enforce the provisions of this code, or where the intent and purpose of this code and that such
code official has reasonable cause to believe that modification does not lessen health, life and fire
there exists in any building or upon any premises safety requirements. The details of action granting
any conditions or violations of this code that make modifications shall be recorded and entered in the
the building or premises unsafe, insanitary, files of the plumbing inspection department.
dangerous or hazardous, the code official shall have
the authority to enter the building or premises at all 105.2 Alternative materials, methods and
reasonable times to inspect or to perform the duties equipment.
imposed upon the code official by this code. If such The provisions of this code are not intended to
building or premises is occupied, the code official prevent the installation of any material or to prohibit
shall present credentials to the occupant and request any method of construction not specifically
entry. If such building or premises is unoccupied, prescribed by this code, provided that any such
the code official shall first make a reasonable effort alternative has been approved. An alternative
to locate the owner, the owner’s authorized agent or material or method of construction shall be
other person having charge or control of the approved where the code official finds that the
building or premises and request entry. If entry is proposed alternative material, method or equipment
refused, the code official shall have recourse to complies with the intent of the provisions of this
every remedy provided by law to secure entry.

SBC 701-CR-18 3
 CHAPTER 1 SCOPE AND ADMINISTRATION

code and is not less than the equivalent of that plumbing system, the installation of which is
prescribed in this code. Where the alternative regulated by this code, or to cause any such work to
material, design or method of construction is not be performed, shall first make application to the
approved, the code official shall respond in writing, code official and obtain the required permit for the
stating the reasons why the alternative was not work.
approved.
106.1.1 Annual permit.
105.2.1 Research reports. Instead of an individual construction permit for
Supporting data, where necessary to assist in the each alteration to an already approved system or
approval of materials or assemblies not specifically equipment or appliance installation, the code
provided for in this code, shall consist of valid official is authorized to issue an annual permit upon
research reports from approved sources. application therefor to any person, firm or
corporation regularly employing one or more
105.3 Required testing.
qualified tradespersons in the building, structure or
Where there is insufficient evidence of compliance on the premises owned or operated by the applicant
with the provisions of this code, or evidence that a for the permit.
material or method does not conform to the
requirements of this code, or in order to substantiate 106.1.2 Annual permit records.
claims for alternate materials or methods, the code The person to whom an annual permit is issued shall
official shall have the authority to require tests as keep a detailed record of alterations made under
evidence of compliance to be made at no expense to such annual permit. The code official shall have
the jurisdiction. access to such records at all times or such records
shall be filed with the code official as designated.
105.3.1 Test methods.
106.2 Exempt work.
Test methods shall be as specified in this code or by
other recognized test standards. In the absence of The following work shall be exempt from the
recognized and accepted test methods, the code requirement for a permit:
official shall approve the testing procedures.
1 The stopping of leaks in drains, water, soil,
105.3.2 Testing agency. waste or vent pipe provided, however, that
if any concealed trap, drainpipe, water, soil,
Tests shall be performed by an approved agency.
waste or vent pipe becomes defective and it
105.3.3 Test reports. becomes necessary to remove and replace
Reports of tests shall be retained by the code official the same with new material, such work
for the period required for retention of public shall be considered as new work and a
records. permit shall be obtained and inspection
made as provided in this code.
105.4 Approved materials and equipment.
2 The clearing of stoppages or the repairing
Materials, equipment and devices approved by the of leaks in pipes, valves or fixtures, and the
code official shall be constructed and installed in removal and reinstallation of water closets,
accordance with such approval. provided such repairs do not involve or
require the replacement or rearrangement
105.4.1 Material and equipment reuse. of valves, pipes or fixtures.
Materials, equipment and devices shall not be
reused unless such elements have been Exemption from the permit requirements of this
reconditioned, tested, placed in good and proper code shall not be deemed to grant authorization for
working condition and approved. any work to be done in violation of the provisions
of this code or any other laws or ordinances of this
SECTION 106 PERMITS jurisdiction.
106.1 When Required. 106.3 Application for permit.
Any owner, owner’s authorized agent or contractor Each application for a permit, with the required fee,
who desires to construct, enlarge, alter, repair, shall be filed with the code official on a form
move, demolish or change the occupancy of a furnished for that purpose and shall contain a
building or structure, or to erect, install, enlarge, general description of the proposed work and its
alter, repair, remove, convert or replace any

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location. The application shall be signed by the established by statute, or by rules promulgated by
owner or owner’s authorized agent. The permit this code, or by ordinance or by resolution. The full
application shall indicate the proposed occupancy name and address of the applicant shall be stated in
of all parts of the building and of that portion of the the application.
site or lot, if any, not covered by the building or
106.5 Permit issuance.
structure and shall contain such other information
required by the code official. The application, construction documents and other
data filed by an applicant for permit shall be
106.3.1 Construction documents. reviewed by the code official. If the code official
Construction documents, engineering calculations, finds that the proposed work conforms to the
diagrams and other such data shall be submitted in requirements of this code and all laws and
two or more sets with each application for a permit. ordinances applicable thereto, and that the fees
The code official shall require construction specified in Section106.6 have been paid, a permit
documents, computations and specifications to be shall be issued to the applicant.
prepared and designed by a registered design
professional where required by state law. 106.5.1 Approved construction documents.
Construction documents shall be drawn to scale and When the code official issues the permit where
shall be of sufficient clarity to indicate the location, construction documents are required, the
nature and extent of the work proposed and show in construction documents shall be endorsed in writing
detail that the work conforms to the provisions of and stamped “APPROVED.” Such approved
this code. Construction documents for buildings construction documents shall not be changed,
more than two stories in height shall indicate where modified or altered without authorization from the
penetrations will be made for pipes, fittings and code official. Work shall be done in accordance
components and shall indicate the materials and with the approved construction documents.
methods for maintaining required structural safety, The code official shall have the authority to issue a
fire-resistance rating and fire blocking. permit for the construction of a part of a plumbing
Exception: The code official shall have the system before the entire construction documents for
authority to waive the submission of construction the whole system have been submitted or approved,
documents, calculations or other data if the nature provided adequate information and detailed
of the work applied for is such that reviewing of statements have been filed complying with all
construction documents is not necessary to pertinent requirements of this code. The holders of
determine compliance with this code. such permit shall proceed at their own risk without
assurance that the permit for the entire plumbing
106.3.2 Preliminary inspection. system will be granted.
Before a permit is issued, the code official shall be
authorized to inspect and evaluate the systems, 106.5.2 Validity.
equipment, buildings, devices, premises and spaces The issuance of a permit or approval of construction
or areas to be used. documents shall not be construed to be a permit for,
or an approval of, any violation of any of the
106.3.3 Time limitation of application. provisions of this code or any other ordinance of the
An application for a permit for any proposed work jurisdiction. A permit presuming to give authority
shall be deemed to have been abandoned 180 days to violate or cancel the provisions of this code shall
after the date of filing, unless such application has not be valid.
been pursued in good faith or a permit has been
The issuance of a permit based upon construction
issued; except that the code official shall have the
documents and other data shall not prevent the code
authority to grant one or more extensions of time for
official from thereafter requiring the correction of
additional periods not exceeding 180 days each.
errors in said construction documents and other data
The extension shall be requested in writing and
or from preventing building operations being
justifiable cause demonstrated.
carried on there under where in violation of this
106.4 By whom application is made. code or of other ordinances of this jurisdiction.
Application for a permit shall be made by the person 106.5.3 Expiration.
or agent to install all or part of any plumbing
Every permit issued by the code official under the
system. The applicant shall meet all qualifications
provisions of this code shall expire by limitation

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and become null and void if the work authorized by effective date of this code and has not been
such permit is not commenced within 180 days abandoned.
from the date of such permit, or if the work
authorized by such permit is suspended or 106.5.8 Posting of permit.
abandoned at any time after the work is commenced The permit or a copy shall be kept on the site of the
for a period of 180 days. Before such work can be work until the completion of the project.
recommenced, a new permit shall be first obtained 106.6 Fees.
and the fee therefore shall be one-half the amount
required for a new permit for such work, provided A permit shall not be issued until the fees prescribed
changes have not been made and will not be made in Section106.6.2 have been paid, and an
in the original construction documents for such amendment to a permit shall not be released until
work, and provided further that such suspension or the additional fee, if any, due to an increase of the
abandonment has not exceeded 1 year. plumbing systems, has been paid.

106.5.4 Extensions. 106.6.1 Work commencing before permit

Any permittee holding an unexpired permit shall issuance.
have the right to apply for an extension of the time Any person who commences any work on a
within which the permittee will commence work plumbing system before obtaining the necessary
under that permit when work is unable to be permits shall be subject to 100 percent of the usual
commenced within the time required by this section permit fee in addition to the required permit fees.
for good and satisfactory reasons. The code official
shall extend the time for action by the permittee for 106.6.2 Fee schedule.
a period not exceeding 180 days if there is The fees for all plumbing work shall be as indicated
reasonable cause. A permit shall not be extended in the following:
more than once. The fee for an extension shall be
one-half the amount required for a new permit for 106.6.3 Fee refunds.
such work. The code official shall authorize the refunding of
fees as follows:
106.5.5 Suspension or revocation of permit.
1 The full amount of any fee paid hereunder
The code official shall have the authority to suspend that was erroneously paid or collected.
or revoke a permit issued under the provisions of
this code wherever the permit is issued in error or 2 Not more than [SPECIFY PERCENTAGE]
on the basis of incorrect, inaccurate or incomplete percent of the permit fee paid where work
information, or in violation of any ordinance or has been done under a permit issued in
regulation or any of the provisions of this code. accordance with this code.
3 Not more than [SPECIFY PERCENTAGE]
106.5.6 Retention of construction documents.
percent of the plan review fee paid where
One set of approved construction documents shall an application for a permit for which a plan
be retained by the code official for a period of not review fee has been paid is withdrawn or
less than 180 days from date of completion of the canceled before any plan review effort has
permitted work, or as required by state or local laws. been expended.
One set of approved construction documents shall The code official shall not authorize the refunding
be returned to the applicant, and said set shall be of any fee paid except upon written application filed
kept on the site of the building or work at all times by the original permittee not later than 180 days
during which the work authorized thereby is in after the date of fee payment.
progress.
SECTION 107 INSPECTIONS AND
106.5.7 Previous approvals. TESTING
This code shall not require changes in the
107.1 General.
construction documents, construction or designated
occupancy of a structure for which a lawful permit The code official is authorized to conduct such
has been heretofore issued or otherwise lawfully inspections as are deemed necessary to determine
authorized, and the construction of which has been compliance with the provisions of this code.
pursued in good faith within 180 days after the Construction or work for which a permit is required

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shall be subject to inspection by the code official, and means for inspections of such work that are
and such construction or work shall remain required by this code.
accessible and exposed for inspection purposes
until approved. Approval as a result of an inspection 107.2.3 Approval required.
shall not be construed to be an approval of a Work shall not be done beyond the point indicated
violation of the provisions of this code or of other in each successive inspection without first obtaining
ordinances of the jurisdiction. Inspections the approval of the code official. The code official,
presuming to give authority to violate or cancel the upon notification, shall make the requested
provisions of this code or of other ordinances of the inspections and shall either indicate the portion of
jurisdiction shall not be valid. It shall be the duty of the construction that is satisfactory as completed, or
the permit applicant to cause the work to remain notify the permit holder or his or her agent wherein
accessible and exposed for inspection purposes. the same fails to comply with this code. Any
Neither the code official nor the jurisdiction shall be portions that do not comply shall be corrected and
liable for expense entailed in the removal or such portion shall not be covered or concealed until
replacement of any material required to allow authorized by the code official.
inspection.
107.2.4 Approved agencies.
107.2 Required inspections and testing. The code official is authorized to accept reports of
The code official, upon notification from the permit approved inspection agencies, provided that such
holder or the permit holder’s agent, shall make the agencies satisfy the requirements as to
following inspections and such other inspections as qualifications and reliability.
necessary, and shall either release that portion of the
construction or shall notify the permit holder or an 107.2.5 Evaluation and follow-up inspection
agent of any violations that must be corrected. The services.
holder of the permit shall be responsible for the Prior to the approval of a closed, prefabricated
scheduling of such inspections. plumbing system and the issuance of a plumbing
permit, the code official shall require the submittal
1 Underground inspection shall be made after of an evaluation report on each prefabricated
trenches or ditches are excavated and plumbing system indicating the complete details of
bedded, piping installed, and before any the plumbing system, including a description of the
backfill is put in place. system and its components, the basis upon which
2 Rough-in inspection shall be made after the the plumbing system is being evaluated, test results
roof, framing, fire blocking, fire stopping, and similar information, and other data as necessary
draft stopping and bracing is in place and for the code official to determine conformance to
all sanitary, storm and water distribution this code.
piping is roughed-in, and prior to the
installation of wall or ceiling membranes. 107.2.5.1 Evaluation service.
The code official shall designate the evaluation
3 Final inspection shall be made after the service of an approved agency as the evaluation
building is complete, all plumbing fixtures agency, and review such agency’s evaluation report
are in place and properly connected, and the for adequacy and conformance to this code.
structure is ready for occupancy.
107.2.1 Other inspections. 107.2.5.2 Follow-up inspection.
Except where ready access is provided to all
In addition to the inspections specified above, the plumbing systems, service equipment and
code official shall be authorized to make or require accessories for complete inspection at the site
other inspections of any construction work to without disassembly or dismantling, the code
ascertain compliance with the provisions of this official shall conduct the frequency of in-plant
code and other laws that are enforced. inspections necessary to ensure conformance to the
107.2.2 Inspection requests. approved evaluation report or shall designate an
independent, approved inspection agency to
It shall be the duty of the holder of the permit or
conduct such inspections. The inspection agency
their duly authorized agent to notify the code
shall furnish the code official with the follow-up
official when work is ready for inspection. It shall
inspection manual and a report of inspections upon
be the duty of the permit holder to provide access to
request, and the plumbing system shall have an

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identifying label permanently affixed to the system 2 In any case where plumbing equipment is
indicating that factory inspections have been set up temporarily for exhibition purposes.
performed.
107.4.2 Equipment, material and labor for
107.2.5.3 Test and inspection records. tests.
Required test and inspection records shall be Equipment, material and labor required for testing a
available to the code official at all times during the plumbing system or part thereof shall be furnished
fabrication of the plumbing system and the erection by the permit holder.
of the building, or such records as the code official
designates shall be filed. 107.4.3 Re-inspection and testing.
Where any work or installation does not pass any
107.3 Special inspections.
initial test or inspection, the necessary corrections
Special inspections of alternative engineered shall be made to comply with this code. The work
design plumbing systems shall be conducted in or installation shall then be resubmitted to the code
accordance with Sections 107.3.1 and 107.3.2. official for inspection and testing.
107.3.1 Periodic inspection. 107.5 Approval.
The registered design professional or designated After the prescribed tests and inspections indicate
inspector shall periodically inspect and observe the that the work complies in all respects with this code,
alternative engineered design to determine that the a notice of approval shall be issued by the code
installation is in accordance with the approved official.
construction documents. Discrepancies shall be
brought to the immediate attention of the plumbing 107.5.1 Revocation.
contractor for correction. Records shall be kept of The code official is authorized to, in writing,
all inspections. suspend or revoke a notice of approval issued under
the provisions of this code wherever the notice is
107.3.2 Written report. issued in error, or on the basis of incorrect
The registered design professional shall submit a information supplied, or where it is determined that
final report in writing to the code official upon the building or structure, premise or portion thereof
completion of the installation, certifying that the is in violation of any ordinance or regulation or any
alternative engineered design conforms to the of the provisions of this code.
approved construction documents. A notice of
107.6 Temporary connection.
approval for the plumbing system shall not be
issued until a written certification has been The code official shall have the authority to
submitted. authorize the temporary connection of the building
or system to the utility source for the purpose of
107.4 Testing.
testing plumbing systems or for use under a
Plumbing work and systems shall be tested as temporary certificate of occupancy.
required in Section 312 and in accordance with
107.7 Connection of service utilities.
Sections 107.4.1 through 107.4.3. Tests shall be
made by the permit holder and observed by the code A person shall not make connections from a utility,
official. source of energy, fuel, power, water system or
sewer system to any building or system that is
107.4.1 New, altered, extended or repaired regulated by this code for which a permit is required
systems. until authorized by the code official.
New plumbing systems and parts of existing
systems that have been altered, extended or repaired
SECTION 108 VIOLATIONS
shall be tested as prescribed herein to disclose leaks 108.1 Unlawful acts.
and defects, except that testing is not required in the
It shall be unlawful for any person, firm or
following cases:
corporation to erect, construct, alter, repair, remove,
1 In any case that does not include addition demolish or utilize any plumbing system, or cause
to, replacement, alteration or relocation of same to be done, in conflict with or in violation of
any water supply, drainage or vent piping. any of the provisions of this code.
108.2 Notice of violation.

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The code official shall serve a notice of violation or 108.6 Abatement of violation.
order to the person responsible for the erection,
The imposition of the penalties herein prescribed
installation, alteration, extension, repair, removal or
shall not preclude the legal officer of the
demolition of plumbing work in violation of the
jurisdiction from instituting appropriate action to
provisions of this code, or in violation of a detail
prevent unlawful construction or to restrain, correct
statement or the approved construction documents
or abate a violation, or to prevent illegal occupancy
thereunder, or in violation of a permit or certificate
of a building, structure or premises, or to stop an
issued under the provisions of this code. Such order
illegal act, conduct, business or utilization of the
shall direct the discontinuance of the illegal action
plumbing on or about any premises.
or condition and the abatement of the violation.
108.7 Unsafe plumbing.
108.3 Prosecution of violation.
Any plumbing regulated by this code that is unsafe
If the notice of violation is not complied with
or that constitutes a fire or health hazard, insanitary
promptly, the code official shall request the legal
condition, or is otherwise dangerous to human life
counsel of the jurisdiction to institute the
is hereby declared unsafe. Any use of plumbing
appropriate proceeding at law or in equity to
regulated by this code constituting a hazard to
restrain, correct or abate such violation, or to
safety, health or public welfare by reason of
require the removal or termination of the unlawful
inadequate maintenance, dilapidation,
occupancy of the structure in violation of the
obsolescence, fire hazard, disaster, damage or
provisions of this code or of the order or direction
abandonment is hereby declared an unsafe use. Any
made pursuant thereto.
such unsafe equipment is hereby declared to be a
108.4 Violation penalties. public nuisance and shall be abated by repair,
rehabilitation, demolition or removal.
Any person who violates a provision of this code or
fails to comply with any of the requirements thereof 108.7.1 Authority to condemn equipment.
or who erects, constructs, alters or repairs a building
Whenever the code official determines that any
or structure in violation of the approved
plumbing, or portion thereof, regulated by this code
construction documents or directive of the building
has become hazardous to life, health or property or
official, or of a permit or certificate issued under the
has become insanitary, the code official shall order
provisions of this code, shall be subject to penalties
in writing that such plumbing either be removed or
as prescribed by law. Each day that a violation
restored to a safe or sanitary condition. A time limit
continues after due notice has been served shall be
for compliance with such order shall be specified in
deemed a separate offense. The jurisdiction must
the written notice. A person shall not use or
establish penalties for a variety of violations that
maintain defective plumbing after receiving such
may occur. Violations specifically addressed by the
notice.
code include failure to comply with the code,
approved plans or directives of the building official Where such plumbing is to be disconnected, written
notice as prescribed in Section 108.2 shall be given.
108.5 Stop work orders.
In cases of immediate danger to life or property,
Upon notice from the code official, work on any such disconnection shall be made immediately
plumbing system that is being performed contrary without such notice.
to the provisions of this code or in a dangerous or
unsafe manner shall immediately cease. Such notice 108.7.2 Authority to disconnect service
shall be in writing and shall be given to the owner utilities.
of the property, or to the owner’s authorized agent, The code official shall have the authority to
or to the person performing the work. The notice authorize disconnection of utility service to the
shall state the conditions under which work is building, structure or system regulated by the
authorized to resume. Where an emergency exists, technical codes in case of an emergency, where
the code official shall not be required to give a necessary, to eliminate an immediate danger to life
written notice prior to stopping the work. Any or property. Where possible, the owner or the
person who shall continue any work in or about the owner’s authorized agent and occupant of the
structure after having been served with a stop work building, structure or service system shall be
order, except such work as that person is directed to notified of the decision to disconnect utility service
perform to remove a violation or unsafe condition, prior to taking such action. If not notified prior to
shall be liable to a fine. disconnecting, the owner, the owner’s authorized

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agent or occupant of the building, structure or experience, 5 years of which shall have
service systems shall be notified in writing, as soon been in responsible charge of work.
as practical thereafter.
4 Registered design professional with
108.7.3 Connection after order to disconnect. electrical engineering experience; or an
electrical contractor with not less than 10
A person shall not make connections from any
years’ experience, 5 years of which shall
energy, fuel, power supply or water distribution
have been in responsible charge of work.
system or supply energy, fuel or water to any
equipment regulated by this code that has been 5 Registered design professional with fire
disconnected or ordered to be disconnected by the protection engineering experience; or a fire
code official or the use of which has been ordered protection contractor with not less than 10
to be discontinued by the code official until the code years’ experience, 5 years of which shall
official authorizes the reconnection and use of such have been in responsible charge of work.
equipment.
109.2.2 Alternate members.
SECTION 109 MEANS OF APPEAL The chief appointing authority shall appoint two
109.1 Aplication for appeal. alternate members who shall be called by the board
chairman to hear appeals during the absence or
Any person shall have the right to appeal a decision disqualification of a member. Alternate members
of the code official to the board of appeals. An shall possess the qualifications required for board
application for appeal shall be based on a claim that membership, and shall be appointed for 5 years or
the true intent of this code or the rules legally
until a successor has been appointed.
adopted thereunder have been incorrectly
interpreted, the provisions of this code do not fully 109.2.3 Chairman.
apply, or an equally good or better form of The board shall annually select one of its members
construction is proposed. The application shall be to serve as chairman.
filed on a form obtained from the code official
within 20 days after the notice was served. 109.2.4 Disqualification of member.
109.2 Membership of board. A member shall not hear an appeal in which that
member has any personal, professional or financial
The board of appeals shall consist of five members interest.
appointed by the chief appointing authority as
follows: one for 5 years, one for 4 years, one for 3 109.2.5 Secretary.
years, one for 2 years and one for 1 year. Thereafter, The chief administrative officer shall designate a
each new member shall serve for 5 years or until a qualified clerk to serve as secretary to the board.
successor has been appointed. The secretary shall file a detailed record of all
109.2.1 Qualifications. proceedings in the office of the chief administrative
officer.
The board of appeals shall consist of five
individuals, one from each of the following 109.2.6 Compensation of members.
professions or disciplines: Compensation of members shall be determined by
1 Registered design professional who is a law.
registered architect; or a builder or 109.3 Notice of meeting.
superintendent of building construction
with not less than 10 years’ experience, 5 The board shall meet upon notice from the
years of which shall have been in chairman, within 10 days of the filing of an appeal
responsible charge of work. or at stated periodic meetings.
2 Registered design professional with 109.4 Open hearing.
structural engineering or architectural Hearings before the board shall be open to the
experience. public. The appellant, the appellant’s
3 Registered design professional with representative, the code official and any person
mechanical and plumbing engineering whose interests are affected shall be given an
experience; or a mechanical and plumbing opportunity to be heard.
contractor with not less than 10 years’

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109.4.1 Procedure. The code official is authorized to give permission to

The board shall adopt and make available to the temporarily supply utilities before an installation
public through the secretary procedures under has been fully completed and the final certificate of
which a hearing will be conducted. The procedures completion has been issued. The part covered by the
shall not require compliance with strict rules of temporary certificate shall comply with the
evidence, but shall mandate that only relevant requirements specified for temporary lighting, heat
information be received. or power in the code.
109.5 Postponed hearing. 110.4 Termination of approval.
When five members are not present to hear an The code official is authorized to terminate such
appeal, either the appellant or the appellant’s permit for temporary equipment, systems or uses
representative shall have the right to request a and to order the temporary equipment, systems or
postponement of the hearing. uses to be discontinued.
109.6 Board decision.
The board shall modify or reverse the decision of
the code official by a concurring vote of three
members.
109.6.1 Resolution.
The decision of the board shall be by resolution.
Certified copies shall be furnished to the appellant
and to the code official.
109.6.2 Administration.
The code official shall take immediate action in
accordance with the decision of the board.
109.7 Court review.
Any person, whether or not a previous party of the
appeal, shall have the right to apply to the
appropriate court for a writ of certiorari to correct
errors of law. Application for review shall be made
in the manner and time required by law following
the filing of the decision in the office of the chief
administrative officer.
SECTION 110 TEMPORARY
EQUIPMENT, SYSTEMS AND USES
110.1 General.
The code official is authorized to issue a permit for
temporary equipment, systems and uses. Such
permits shall be limited as to time of service, but
shall not be permitted for more than 180 days. The
code official is authorized to grant extensions for
demonstrated cause.
110.2 Conformance.
Temporary equipment, systems and uses shall
conform to the structural strength, fire safety, means
of egress, accessibility, light, ventilation and
sanitary requirements of this code as necessary to
ensure the public health, safety and general welfare.
110.3 Temporary utilities.

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 CHAPTER 2 DEFINITIONS

DEFINITIONS

SECTION 201 GENERAL AIR ADMITTANCE VALVE.

201.1 Scope. One-way valve designed to allow air to enter the
plumbing drainage system when negative
Unless otherwise expressly stated, the following pressures develop in the piping system. The
words and terms shall, for the purposes of this device shall close by gravity and seal the vent
code, have the meanings shown in this chapter. terminal at zero differential pressure (no flow
201.2 Interchangeability. conditions) and under positive internal pressures.
The purpose of an air admittance valve is to
Words stated in the present tense include the
provide a method of allowing air to enter the
future; words stated in the masculine gender
plumbing drainage system without the use of a
include the feminine; the singular number
vent extended to open air and to prevent sewer
includes the plural and the plural the singular.
gases from escaping into a building.
201.3 Terms defined in other codes.
AIR BREAK (Drainage System).
Where terms are not defined in this code and are
A piping arrangement in which a drain from a
defined in code, such terms shall have the
fixture, appliance or device discharges indirectly
meanings ascribed to them as in those codes.
into another fixture, receptacle or interceptor at a
201.4 Terms not defined. point below the flood level rim and above the trap
seal.
Where terms are not defined through the methods
authorized by this section, such terms shall have AIR GAP (Drainage System).
ordinarily accepted meanings such as the context
The unobstructed vertical distance through the
implies.
free atmosphere between the outlet of the waste
SECTION 202 GENERAL pipe and the flood level rim of the receptacle into
DEFINITIONS which the waste pipe is discharging.
ACCEPTED ENGINEERING PRACTICE. AIR GAP (Water Distribution System).
That which conforms to accepted principles, tests The unobstructed vertical distance through the
or standards of nationally recognized technical or free atmosphere between the lowest opening from
scientific authorities. any pipe or faucet supplying water to a tank,
plumbing fixture or other device and the flood
ACCESS (TO). level rim of the receptacle.
That which enables a fixture, appliance or ALTERNATE ON-SITE NON-POTABLE
equipment to be reached by ready access or by a WATER.
means that first requires the removal or
movement of a panel, door or similar obstruction Non-potable water from other than public
(see “Ready access”). utilities, on-site surface sources and subsurface
natural freshwater sources. Examples of such
ACCESS COVER. water are gray water, on-site reclaimed water,
A removable plate, usually secured by bolts or collected rainwater, captured condensate and
screws, to permit access to a pipe or pipe fitting rejected water from reverse osmosis systems.
for the purposes of inspection, repair or cleaning. ALTERNATIVE ENGINEERED DESIGN.
ADAPTER FITTING. A plumbing system that performs in accordance
An approved connecting device that suitably and with the intent of Chapters 3 through 12 and
properly joins or adjusts pipes and fittings that do provides an equivalent level of performance for
not otherwise fit together. the protection of public health, safety and

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 CHAPTER 2 DEFINITIONS

welfare. The system design is not specifically BACKFLOW CONNECTION.

regulated by Chapters 3 through 12.
Any arrangement whereby backflow is possible.
ANCHORS. See “Supports.”
BACKFLOW PREVENTER.
ANTISIPHON. A term applied to valves or
A backflow prevention assembly, a backflow
mechanical devices that eliminate siphonage.
prevention device or other means or method to
APPROVED. Acceptable to the code official or prevent backflow into the potable water supply.
other authority having jurisdiction.
BACKWATER VALVE.
APPROVED AGENCY.
A device or valve installed in the building drain
An established and recognized agency that is or sewer pipe where a sewer is subject to
regularly engaged in conducting tests or backflow, and that prevents drainage or waste
furnishing inspection services, where such from backing up into a lower level or fixtures and
agency has been approved by the code official. causing a flooding condition.
AREA DRAIN. A receptacle designed to collect BASE FLOOD ELEVATION.
surface or storm water from an open area.
A reference point, determined in accordance with
ASPIRATOR. the building code, based on the depth or peak
elevation of flooding, including wave height,
A fitting or device supplied with water or other
which has a 1 percent (100-year flood) or greater
fluid under positive pressure that passes through
chance of occurring in any given year.
an integral orifice or constriction, causing a
vacuum. Aspirators are also referred to as suction BATHROOM GROUP.
apparatus, and are similar in operation to an
A group of fixtures consisting of a water closet,
ejector.
lavatory, bathtub or shower, including or
BACKFLOW. excluding a bidet, an emergency floor drain or
both. Such fixtures are located together on the
Pressure created by any means in the water
same floor level.
distribution system, which by being in excess of
the pressure in the water supply mains causes a BEDPAN STEAMER OR BOILER.
potential backflow condition.
A fixture utilized for scalding bedpans or urinals
Backpressure, low-head. by direct application of steam or boiling water.
A pressure less than or equal to 30 kPa or the BEDPAN WASHER AND STERILIZER.
pressure exerted by a 3000 mm column of water.
A fixture designed to wash bedpans and to flush
Backsiphonage. the contents into the sanitary drainage system.
Included are fixtures of this type that provide for
The backflow of potentially contaminated water
disinfecting utensils by scalding with steam or hot
into the potable water system as a result of the
water.
pressure in the potable water system falling below
atmospheric pressure of the plumbing fixtures, BEDPAN WASHER HOSE.
pools, tanks or vats connected to the potable
A device supplied with hot and cold water and
water distribution piping.
located adjacent to a water closet or clinical sink
Drainage. A reversal of flow in the drainage to be utilized for cleansing bedpans.
system.
BRANCH. Any part of the piping system except
Water supply system. a riser, main or stack.
The flow of water or other liquids, mixtures or BRANCH INTERVAL.
substances into the distribution pipes of a potable
A vertical measurement of distance, 2400 mm or
water supply from any source except the intended
more in developed length, between the
source.

SBC 701-CR-18 13
 CHAPTER 2 DEFINITIONS

connections of horizontal branches to a drainage branch and vents two traps to a maximum of eight
stack. Measurements are taken down the stack traps or trapped fixtures connected into a battery.
from the highest horizontal branch connection.
CIRCULATING HOT WATER SYSTEM.
BRANCH VENT. A vent connecting one or more
A specifically designed water distribution system
individual vents with a vent stack or stack vent.
where one or more pumps are operated in the
BUILDING. Any structure occupied or intended service hot water piping to circulate heated water
for supporting or sheltering any occupancy. from the water-heating equipment to fixture
supply and back to the water-heating equipment.
BUILDING DRAIN.
CISTERN.
That part of the lowest piping of a drainage
system that receives the discharge from soil, A small covered tank for storing water for a home
waste and other drainage pipes inside and that or farm. Generally, this tank stores rainwater to
extends 750 mm in developed length of pipe be utilized for purposes other than in the potable
beyond the exterior walls of the building and water supply, and such tank is placed
conveys the drainage to the building sewer. underground in most cases.
Combined. A building drain that conveys both CLEANOUT.
sewage and storm water or other drainage.
An access opening in the drainage system utilized
Sanitary. A building drain that conveys sewage for the removal of obstructions. Types of
only. cleanouts include a removable plug or cap, and a
removable fixture or fixture trap.
Storm. A building drain that conveys storm water
or other drainage, but not sewage. CODE.
BUILDING SEWER. These regulations, subsequent amendments
thereto, or any emergency rule or regulation that
That part of the drainage system that extends from
the administrative authority having jurisdiction
the end of the building drain and conveys the
has lawfully adopted.
discharge to a public sewer, private sewer,
individual sewage disposal system or other point CODE OFFICIAL.
of disposal.
The officer or other designated authority charged
Combined. A building sewer that conveys both with the administration and enforcement of this
sewage and storm water or other drainage. code, or a duly authorized representative.
Sanitary. A building sewer that conveys sewage COLLECTION PIPE.
only.
Unpressurized pipe used within the collection
Storm. A building sewer that conveys storm system that drains on-site non-potable water or
water or other drainage, but not sewage. rainwater to a storage tank by gravity.
BUILDING SUBDRAIN. COMBINATION FIXTURE.
That portion of a drainage system that does not A fixture combining one sink and laundry tray or
drain by gravity into the building sewer. a two- or three-compartment sink or laundry tray
in one unit.
BUILDING TRAP.
COMBINATION WASTE AND VENT
A device, fitting or assembly of fittings installed
SYSTEM.
in the building drain to prevent circulation of air
between the drainage system of the building and A specially designed system of waste piping
the building sewer. embodying the horizontal wet venting of one or
more sinks, lavatories, drinking fountains or floor
CIRCUIT VENT.
drains by means of a common waste and vent pipe
A vent that connects to a horizontal drainage adequately sized to provide free movement of air

SBC 701-CR-18 14
 CHAPTER 2 DEFINITIONS

above the flow line of the drain. which contains potable water and the other either
water of unknown or questionable safety or
COMBINED BUILDING DRAIN. See
steam, gas or chemical, whereby there exists the
“Building drain, combined.”
possibility for flow from one system to the other,
COMBINED BUILDING SEWER. See with the direction of flow depending on the
“Building sewer, combined.” pressure differential between the two systems
COMMON VENT. (see “Backflow”).

A vent connecting at the junction of two fixture

drains or to a fixture branch and serving as a vent DEMAND RECIRCULATION WATER
for both fixtures. SYSTEM.

CONCEALED FOULING SURFACE. A water distribution system where one or more

pumps prime the service hot water piping with
Any surface of a plumbing fixture that is not heated water upon a demand for hot water.
readily visible and is not scoured or cleansed with
each fixture operation. DEPTH OF TRAP SEAL.

CONDUCTOR. The depth of liquid that would have to be

removed from a full trap before air could pass
A pipe inside the building that conveys storm through the trap.
water from the roof to a storm or combined
building drain. DESIGN FLOOD ELEVATION.
The elevation of the “design flood,” including
CONSTRUCTION DOCUMENT.
wave height, relative to the datum specified on
All of the written, graphic and pictorial the community’s legally designated flood hazard
documents prepared or assembled for describing map. In areas designated as Zone AO, the design
the design, location and physical characteristics flood elevation shall be the elevation of the
of the elements of the project necessary for highest existing grade of the building’s perimeter
obtaining a building permit. The construction plus the depth number (in meter) specified on the
drawings shall be drawn to an appropriate scale. flood hazard map. In areas designated as Zone
CONTAMINATION. AO where a depth number is not specified on the
map, the depth number shall be taken as being
An impairment of the quality of the potable water equal to 600 mm.
that creates an actual hazard to the public health
through poisoning or the spread of disease by DEVELOPED LENGTH.
sewage, industrial fluids or waste. The length of a pipeline measured along the
CRITICAL LEVEL (C-L). centerline of the pipe and fittings.

An elevation (height) reference point that DISCHARGE PIPE. A pipe that conveys the
determines the minimum height at which a discharge from plumbing fixtures or appliances.
backflow preventer or vacuum breaker is DRAIN. Any pipe that carries waste water or
installed above the flood level rim of the fixture water-borne wastes in a building drainage system.
or receptor served by the device. The critical level
is the elevation level below which there is a DRAINAGE FITTING.
potential for backflow to occur. If the critical The type of fitting or fittings utilized in the
level marking is not indicated on the device, the drainage system. Drainage fittings are similar to
bottom of the device shall constitute the critical cast-iron fittings, except that instead of having a
level. bell and spigot, drainage fittings are recessed and
CROSS CONNECTION. tapped to eliminate ridges on the inside of the
installed pipe.
Any physical connection or arrangement between
two otherwise separate piping systems, one of DRAINAGE FIXTURE UNIT.

SBC 701-CR-18 15
 CHAPTER 2 DEFINITIONS

Drainage (dfu). A measure of the probable polydimethylsiloxane; hydrochlorofluorocarbon,

discharge into the drainage system by various chlorofluorocarbon and carbon refrigerants; and
types of plumbing fixtures. The drainage fixture- FDA approved boiler water additives for steam
unit value for a particular fixture depends on its boilers.
volume rate of drainage discharge, on the time
ESSENTIALLY TOXIC TRANSFER FLUID.
duration of a single drainage operation and on the
average time between successive operations. Soil, waste or gray water and fluids having a
Gosselin rating of 2 or more, including ethylene
DRAINAGE SYSTEM
glycol, hydrocarbon oils, ammonia refrigerants
Piping within a public or private premise that and hydrazine.
conveys sewage, rainwater or other liquid waste
EXISTING INSTALLATION.
to a point of disposal. A drainage system does not
include the mains of a public sewer system or a Any plumbing system regulated by this code that
private or public sewage treatment or disposal was legally installed prior to the effective date of
plant. this code, or for which a permit to install has been
issued.
Building gravity. A drainage system that drains
by gravity into the building sewer. FAUCET.
Sanitary. A drainage system that carries sewage A valve end of a water pipe through which water
and excludes storm, surface and ground water. is drawn from or held within the pipe.
Storm. A drainage system that carries rainwater, FILL VALVE.
surface water, subsurface water and similar liquid A water supply valve, opened or closed by means
waste. of a float or similar device, utilized to supply
DRINKING FOUNTAIN. water to a tank. An anti-siphon fill valve contains
an anti-siphon device in the form of an approved
A plumbing fixture that is connected to the
air gap or vacuum breaker that is an integral part
potable water distribution system and the
of the fill valve unit and that is positioned on the
drainage system. The fixture allows the user to
discharge side of the water supply control valve.
obtain a drink directly from a stream of flowing
water without the use of any accessories. FIXTURE. See “Plumbing fixture.”
EFFECTIVE OPENING. FIXTURE BRANCH. A drain serving two or
more fixtures that discharges to another drain or
The minimum cross-sectional area at the point of
to a stack.
water supply discharge, measured or expressed in
terms of the diameter of a circle or, if the opening FIXTURE DRAIN.
is not circular, the diameter of a circle of The drain from the trap of a fixture to a junction
equivalent cross sectional area. For faucets and with any other drain pipe.
similar fittings, the effective opening shall be
measured at the smallest orifice in the fitting body FIXTURE FITTING.
or in the supply piping to the fitting. Supply fitting.
EMERGENCY FLOOR DRAIN. A fitting that controls the volume, direction of
A floor drain that does not receive the discharge flow or both, of water and is either attached to or
of any drain or indirect waste pipe, and that accessible from a fixture, or is used with an open
protects against damage from accidental spills, or atmospheric discharge.
fixture overflows and leakage. Waste fitting.
ESSENTIALLY NONTOXIC TRANSFER A combination of components that conveys the
FLUID. sanitary waste from the outlet of a fixture to the
Fluids having a Gosselin rating of 1, including connection to the sanitary drainage system.
propylene glycol; mineral oil;

SBC 701-CR-18 16
 CHAPTER 2 DEFINITIONS

FIXTURE SUPPLY. showers, clothes washers and laundry trays.

The water supply pipe connecting a fixture to a GREASE INTERCEPTOR.
branch water supply pipe or directly to a main
Fats, oils and greases (FOG) disposal system.
water supply pipe.
A plumbing appurtenance that reduces
FLOOD HAZARD AREA.
nonpetroleum fats, oils and greases in effluent by
The greater of the following two areas: separation or mass and volume reduction.
1. The area within a flood plain subject to a 1- Gravity.
percent or greater chance of flooding in
Plumbing appurtenances of not less than 1900 L
any given year.
capacity that are installed in the sanitary drainage
6 The area designated as a flood hazard system to intercept free-floating fats, oils and
area on a community’s flood hazard map grease from waste water discharge. Separation is
or as otherwise legally designated. accomplished by gravity during a retention time
of not less than 30 minutes.
FLOOD LEVEL RIM. The edge of the receptacle
from which water overflows. Hydro-mechanical.
FLOW CONTROL (Vented). Plumbing appurtenances that are installed in the
sanitary drainage system to intercept free floating
A device installed upstream from the interceptor
fats, oils and grease from waste water discharge.
having an orifice that controls the rate of flow
Continuous separation is accomplished by air
through the interceptor and an air intake (vent)
entrainment, buoyancy and interior baffling.
downstream from the orifice that allows air to be
drawn into the flow stream. GREASE-LADEN WASTE.
FLOW PRESSURE. Effluent discharge that is produced from food
processing, food preparation or other sources
The pressure in the water supply pipe near the
where grease, fats and oils enter automatic
faucet or water outlet while the faucet or water
dishwater prerinse stations, sinks or other
outlet is wide open and flowing.
appurtenances.
FLUSH TANK.
GREASE REMOVAL DEVICE, AUTOMATIC
A tank designed with a fill valve and flush valve (GRD).
to flush the contents of the bowl or usable portion
A plumbing appurtenance that is installed in the
of the fixture.
sanitary drainage system to intercept free-floating
FLUSHOMETER TANK. fats, oils and grease from waste water discharge.
A device integrated within an air accumulator Such a device operates on a time- or event-
vessel that is designed to discharge a controlled basis and has the ability to remove
predetermined quantity of water to fixtures for free-floating fats, oils and grease automatically
flushing purposes. without intervention from the user except for
maintenance.
FLUSHOMETER VALVE.
A valve attached to a pressurized water supply GRIDDED WATER DISTRIBUTION
pipe and so designed that when activated it opens SYSTEM.
the line for direct flow into the fixture at a rate
and quantity to operate the fixture properly, and A water distribution system where every water
then gradually closes to reseal fixture traps and distribution pipe is interconnected so as to
avoid water hammer. provide two or more paths to each fixture supply
pipe.
GRAY WATER.
HANGERS. See “Supports.”
Waste discharged from lavatories, bathtubs,
HORIZONTAL BRANCH DRAIN.

SBC 701-CR-18 17
 CHAPTER 2 DEFINITIONS

A drainage branch pipe extending laterally from steam rooms and similar occupancies.
a soil or waste stack or building drain, with or
Flexible.
without vertical sections or branches, that
receives the discharge from two or more fixture Any joint between two pipes that permits one pipe
drains or branches and conducts the discharge to to be deflected or moved without movement or
the soil or waste stack or to the building drain. deflection of the other pipe.
HORIZONTAL PIPE. Mechanical. See “Mechanical joint.”
Any pipe or fitting that makes an angle of less Slip.
than 45 degrees with a horizontal plane. A type of joint made by means of a washer or a
HOT WATER. Water at a temperature greater special type of packing compound in which one
than or equal to 43°C. pipe is slipped into the end of an adjacent pipe.
HOUSE TRAP. See “Building trap.” LEAD-FREE SOLDER AND FLUX. Containing
not more than 0.2-percent lead.
INDIRECT WASTE PIPE.
LEADER.
A waste pipe that does not connect directly with
the drainage system, but that discharges into the An exterior drainage pipe for conveying storm
drainage system through an air break or air gap water from roof or gutter drains to an approved
into a trap, fixture, receptor or interceptor. means of disposal.
INDIVIDUAL SEWAGE DISPOSAL SYSTEM. LOCAL VENT STACK.
A system for disposal of domestic sewage by A vertical pipe to which connections are made
means of a septic tank, cesspool or mechanical from the fixture side of traps and through which
treatment, designed for utilization apart from a vapor or foul air is removed from the fixture or
public sewer to serve a single establishment or device utilized on bedpan washers.
building. MACERATING TOILET SYSTEM.
INDIVIDUAL VENT. An assembly consisting of a water closet and
A pipe installed to vent a fixture trap and that sump with a macerating pump that is designed to
connects with the vent system above the fixture collect, grind and pump wastes from the water
served or terminates in the open air. closet and up to two other fixtures connected to
the sump.
INDIVIDUAL WATER SUPPLY.
MAIN. The principal pipe artery to which
A water supply that serves one or more families,
branches are connected.
and that is not an approved public water supply.
MANIFOLD. See “Plumbing appurtenance.”
INTERCEPTOR.
MECHANICAL JOINT.
A device designed and installed to separate and
retain for removal, by automatic or manual A connection between pipes, fittings, or pipes and
means, deleterious, hazardous or undesirable fittings that is not screwed, caulked, threaded,
matter from normal wastes, while permitting soldered, solvent cemented, brazed, welded or
normal sewage or wastes to discharge into the heat fused. A joint in which compression is
drainage system by gravity. applied along the centerline of the pieces being
joined. In some applications, the joint is part of a
JOINT.
coupling, fitting or adapter.
Expansion. A loop,
MEDICAL GAS SYSTEM.
return bend or return offset that provides for the
The complete system to convey medical gases for
expansion and contraction in a piping system and
direct patient application from central supply
is utilized in tall buildings or where there is a
systems (bulk tanks, manifolds and medical air
rapid change of temperature, as in power plants,

SBC 701-CR-18 18
 CHAPTER 2 DEFINITIONS

compressors), with pressure and operating venting systems; and public or private water
controls, alarm warning systems, related supply systems.
components and piping networks extending to
PLUMBING APPLIANCE.
station outlet valves at patient use points.
Water or drain-connected devices intended to
MEDICAL VACUUM SYSTEM.
perform a special function. These devices have
A system consisting of central-vacuum- their operation or control dependent on one or
producing equipment with pressure and operating more energized components, such as motors,
controls, shutoff valves, alarm-warning systems, controls or heating elements. Such devices are
gauges and a network of piping extending to and manually adjusted or controlled by the owner or
terminating with suitable station inlets at operator, or are operated automatically through
locations where patient suction may be required. one or more of the following actions: a time cycle,
a temperature range, a pressure range, a measured
METER. A measuring device used to collect data
volume or weight.
and indicate water usage.
PLUMBING APPURTENANCE.
NON-POTABLE WATER. Water not safe for
drinking, personal or culinary utilization. A manufactured device, prefabricated assembly
or on-the-job assembly of component parts that is
NUISANCE.
an adjunct to the basic piping system and
Public nuisance as known in common law or in plumbing fixtures. An appurtenance demands no
equity jurisprudence; whatever is dangerous to additional water supply and does not add any
human life or detrimental to health; whatever discharge load to a fixture or to the drainage
structure or premises is not sufficiently system.
ventilated, sewered, drained, cleaned or lighted,
PLUMBING FIXTURE.
with respect to its intended occupancy; and
whatever renders the air, or human food, drink or A receptacle or device that is connected to a water
water supply unwholesome. supply system or discharges to a drainage system
or both. Such receptacles or devices require a
OCCUPANCY. The purpose for which a building
supply of water; or discharge liquid waste or
or portion thereof is utilized or occupied.
liquid-borne solid waste; or require a supply of
OFFSET. A combination of approved bends that water and discharge waste to a drainage system.
makes two changes in direction bringing one
PLUMBING SYSTEM.
section of the pipe out of line but into a line
parallel with the other section. A system that includes the water distribution
pipes; plumbing fixtures and traps; water-treating
ON-SITE NON-POTABLE WATER REUSE
or water-using equipment; soil, waste and vent
SYSTEM.
pipes; and building drains; in addition to their
A water system for the collection, treatment, respective connections, devices and
storage, distribution and reuse of non-potable appurtenances within a structure or premises; and
water generated on site, including but not limited the water service, building sewer and building
to a gray water system. This definition does not storm sewer serving such structure or premises.
include a rainwater harvesting system.
POLLUTION.
OPEN AIR. Outside the structure.
An impairment of the quality of the potable water
PLUMBING. to a degree that does not create a hazard to public
The practice, materials and fixtures utilized in the health but that does adversely and unreasonably
installation, maintenance, extension and affect the aesthetic qualities of such potable water
alteration of all piping, fixtures, plumbing for domestic use.
appliances and plumbing appurtenances, within POTABLE WATER.
or adjacent to any structure, in connection with
Water free from impurities present in amounts
sanitary drainage or storm drainage facilities;

SBC 701-CR-18 19
 CHAPTER 2 DEFINITIONS

sufficient to cause disease or harmful BACKFLOW PREVENTION ASSEMBLY.

physiological effects and conforming to the
A backflow prevention device consisting of two
bacteriological and chemical quality
independently acting check valves, internally
requirements of the Public Health Service
force-loaded to a normally closed position and
Drinking Water Standards or the regulations of
separated by an intermediate chamber (or zone)
the public health authority having jurisdiction.
in which there is an automatic relief means of
PRIVATE. venting to the atmosphere, internally loaded to a
normally open position between two tightly
In the classification of plumbing fixtures,
closing shutoff valves and with a means for
“private” applies to fixtures in residences and
testing for tightness of the checks and opening of
apartments, and to fixtures in nonpublic toilet
the relief means.
rooms of hotels and motels and similar
installations in buildings where the plumbing REGISTERED DESIGN PROFESSIONAL.
fixtures are intended for utilization by a family or
An individual who is registered or licensed to
an individual.
practice professional architecture or engineering
PUBLIC OR PUBLIC UTILIZATION. as defined by the statutory requirements of the
professional registration laws of the state or
In the classification of plumbing fixtures,
jurisdiction in which the project is to be
“public” applies to fixtures in general toilet rooms
constructed.
of schools, gymnasiums, hotels, airports, bus and
railroad stations, public buildings, public comfort RELIEF VALVE.
stations, office buildings, stadiums, stores,
Pressure relief valve.
restaurants and other installations where a
number of fixtures are installed so that their A pressure-actuated valve held closed by a spring
utilization is similarly unrestricted. or other means and designed to relieve pressure
automatically at the pressure at which such valve
PUBLIC WATER MAIN.
is set.
A water supply pipe for public utilization
Temperature and pressure relief (T&P) valve.
controlled by public authority.
A combination relief valve designed to function
QUICK-CLOSING VALVE.
as both a temperature relief and a pressure relief
A valve or faucet that closes automatically when valve.
released manually or that is controlled by a
Temperature relief valve.
mechanical means for fast-action closing.
A temperature-actuated valve designed to
RAINWATER. Water from natural precipitation.
discharge automatically at the temperature at
READY ACCESS. which such valve is set.
That which enables a fixture, appliance or RELIEF VENT.
equipment to be directly reached without
A vent whose primary function is to provide
requiring the removal or movement of any panel,
circulation of air between drainage and vent
door or similar obstruction and without the use of
systems.
a portable ladder, step stool or similar device.
RIM. An unobstructed open edge of a fixture.
RECLAIMED WATER.
RISER. See “Water pipe, riser.”
Non-potable water that has been derived from the
treatment of waste water by a facility or system ROOF DRAIN.
licensed or permitted to produce water meeting A drain installed to receive water collecting on
the jurisdiction’s water requirements for its the surface of a roof and to discharge such water
intended uses. Also known as “recycled water.” into a leader or a conductor.
REDUCED PRESSURE PRINCIPLE ROUGH-IN.

SBC 701-CR-18 20
 CHAPTER 2 DEFINITIONS

Parts of the plumbing system that are installed between and including two tightly closing shutoff
prior to the installation of fixtures. This includes valves and a test cock.
drainage, water supply, vent piping and the
STACK.
necessary fixture supports and any fixtures that
are built into the structure. A general term for any vertical line of soil, waste,
vent or inside conductor piping that extends
SELF-CLOSING FAUCET.
through at least one story with or without offsets.
A faucet containing a valve that automatically
STACK VENT.
closes upon deactivation of the opening means.
The extension of a soil or waste stack above the
SEPARATOR. See “Interceptor.”
highest horizontal drain connected to the stack.
SEWAGE.
STACK VENTING. A method of venting a
Any liquid waste containing animal or vegetable fixture or fixtures through the soil or waste stack.
matter in suspension or solution, including liquids
STERILIZER.
containing chemicals in solution.
Boiling type.
SEWAGE EJECTOR.
A boiling-type sterilizer is a fixture of a non-
A device for lifting sewage by entraining the
pressure type utilized for boiling instruments,
sewage in a high-velocity jet of steam, air or
utensils or other equipment for disinfection.
water.
These devices are portable or are connected to the
SEWER. plumbing system.
Building sewer. See “Building sewer.” Instrument. A device for the sterilization of
various instruments.
Public sewer.
Pressure (autoclave). A pressure vessel fixture
That part of the drainage system of pipes,
designed to utilize steam under pressure for
installed and maintained by a city, township,
sterilizing.
county, public utility company or other public
entity, and located on public property, in the street Pressure instrument washer sterilizer.
or in an approved dedicated easement of public or
A pressure vessel fixture designed to both wash
community use.
and sterilize instruments during the operating
Sanitary sewer. A sewer that carries sewage and cycle of the fixture.
excludes storm, surface and ground water.
Utensil. A device for the sterilization of utensils
Storm sewer. A sewer that conveys rainwater, as utilized in health care services.
surface water, subsurface water and similar liquid
Water. A device for sterilizing water and storing
wastes.
water.
SLOPE. The fall (pitch) of a line of pipe in
STERILIZER VENT.
reference to a horizontal plane. In drainage, the
slope is expressed as the fall in units vertical per A separate pipe or stack, indirectly connected to
units horizontal (percent) for a length of pipe. the building drainage system at the lower
terminal, that receives the vapors from non-
SOIL PIPE. A pipe that conveys sewage
pressure sterilizers, or the exhaust vapors from
containing fecal matter to the building drain or
pressure sterilizers, and conducts the vapors
building sewer.
directly to the open air. Also called vapor, steam,
SPILLPROOF VACUUM BREAKER. atmospheric or exhaust vent.
An assembly consisting of one check valve force- STORM DRAIN. See “Drainage system, storm.”
loaded closed and an air-inlet vent valve force-
STORM WATER. Natural precipitation,
loaded open to atmosphere, positioned
including snowmelt, that has contacted a surface
downstream of the check valve, and located

SBC 701-CR-18 21
 CHAPTER 2 DEFINITIONS

at or below grade. requirements of the third-party certification

agency.
STRUCTURE. That which is built or
constructed or a portion thereof. TOILET FACILITY. A room or space that
contains not less than one water closet and one
SUBSOIL DRAIN.
lavatory.
A drain that collects subsurface water or seepage
TRAP.
water and conveys such water to a place of
disposal. A fitting or device that provides a liquid seal to
prevent the emission of sewer gases without
SUMP.
materially affecting the flow of sewage or waste
A tank or pit that receives sewage or liquid waste, water through the trap.
located below the normal grade of the gravity
TRAP SEAL.
system and that must be emptied by mechanical
means. The vertical distance between the weir and
the top of the dip of the trap.
SUMP PUMP. UNSTABLE GROUND.
An automatic water pump powered by an electric Earth that does not provide a uniform bearing for
motor for the removal of drainage, except raw the barrel of the sewer pipe between the joints at
sewage, from a sump, pit or low point. the bottom of the pipe trench.
SUMP VENT. VACUUM. Any pressure less than that exerted
A vent from pneumatic sewage ejectors, or by the atmosphere.
similar equipment, that terminates separately to VACUUM BREAKER.
the open air.
A type of backflow preventer installed on
SUPPORTS. Devices for supporting and securing openings subject to normal atmospheric pressure
pipe, fixtures and equipment. that prevents backflow by admitting atmospheric
SWIMMING POOL. pressure through ports to the discharge side of the
device.
Any structure, basin, chamber or tank containing
an artificial body of water for swimming, diving VENT PIPE. See “Vent system.”
or recreational bathing having a depth of 600 mm VENT STACK.
or more at any point.
A vertical vent pipe installed primarily for the
TEMPERED WATER. Water having a purpose of providing circulation of air to and
temperature range between 29°C and 43°C. from any part of the drainage system.
THIRD-PARTY CERTIFICATION AGENCY. VENT SYSTEM.
An approved agency operating a product or A pipe or pipes installed to provide a flow of air
material certification system that incorporates to or from a drainage system, or to provide a
initial product testing, assessment and circulation of air within such system to protect
surveillance of a manufacturer’s quality control trap seals from siphonage and backpressure.
system.
VERTICAL PIPE. Any pipe or fitting that makes
THIRD-PARTY CERTIFIED. an angle of 45 degrees or more with the
Certification obtained by the manufacturer horizontal.
indicating that the function and performance WALL-HUNG WATER CLOSET.
characteristics of a product or material have been
determined by testing and ongoing surveillance A wall-mounted water closet installed in such a
by an approved third-party certification agency. way that the fixture does not touch the floor.
Assertion of certification is in the form of WASTE.
identification in accordance with the

SBC 701-CR-18 22
 CHAPTER 2 DEFINITIONS

The discharge from any fixture, appliance, area or but which are not part of the plumbing system.
appurtenance that does not contain fecal matter.
WATER PIPE.
WASTE PIPE.
Riser. A water supply pipe that extends one full
A pipe that conveys only waste. story or more to convey water to branches or to a
group of fixtures.
WASTE RECEPTOR.
Water distribution pipe. A pipe within the
A floor sink, standpipe, hub drain or floor drain
structure or on the premises that conveys water
that receives the discharge of one or more indirect
from the water service pipe, or from the meter
waste pipes.
when the meter is at the structure, to the points of
WATER COOLER. utilization.
A drinking fountain that incorporates a means of Water service pipe. The pipe from the water main
reducing the temperature of the water supplied to or other source of potable water supply, or from
it from the potable water distribution system. the meter when the meter is at the public right of
WATER DISPENSER. way, to the water distribution system of the
building served.
A plumbing fixture that is manually controlled by
the user for the purpose of dispensing potable WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM.
drinking water into a receptacle such as a cup, The water service pipe, water distribution pipes,
glass or bottle. Such fixture is connected to the and the necessary connecting pipes, fittings,
potable water distribution system of the premises. control valves and all appurtenances in or
This definition also includes a free-standing adjacent to the structure or premises.
apparatus for the same purpose that is not
WELL.
connected to the potable water distribution
system and that is supplied with potable water Bored.
from a container, bottle or reservoir.
A well-constructed by boring a hole in the ground
WATER-HAMMER ARRESTOR. with an auger and installing a casing.
A device utilized to absorb the pressure surge Drilled.
(water hammer) that occurs when water flow is
A well-constructed by making a hole in the
suddenly stopped in a water supply system.
ground with a drilling machine of any type and
WATER HEATER. installing a casing and screen.
Any heating appliance or equipment that heats Driven.
potable water and supplies such water to the
A well-constructed by driving a pipe in the
potable hot water distribution system.
ground. The drive pipe is usually fitted with a
WATER MAIN. well point and screen.
A water supply pipe or system of pipes, installed Dug.
and maintained by a city, township, county,
A well-constructed by excavating a large-
public utility company or other public entity, on
diameter shaft and installing a casing.
public property, in the street or in an approved
dedicated easement of public or community use. WHIRLPOOL BATHTUB.
WATER OUTLET. A plumbing appliance consisting of a bathtub
fixture that is equipped and fitted with a
A discharge opening through which water is
circulating piping system designed to accept,
supplied to a fixture, into the atmosphere (except
circulate and discharge bathtub water upon each
into an open tank that is part of the water supply
use.
system), to a boiler or heating system, or to any
devices or equipment requiring water to operate YOKE VENT.

SBC 701-CR-18 23
 CHAPTER 2 DEFINITIONS

A pipe connecting upward from a soil or waste

stack to a vent stack for the purpose of preventing
pressure changes in the stacks.

SBC 701-CR-18 24
 CHAPTER 3 GENERAL REGULATIONS

GENERAL REGULATIONS

provided that they are indirectly connected to the

SECTION 301 GENERAL plumbing system and comply with Section
301.1 Scope. 1003.4.
The provisions of this chapter shall govern the 301.7 Conflicts.
general regulations regarding the installation of In instances where conflicts occur between this
plumbing not specific to other chapters. code and the manufacturer’s installation
301.2 System installation. instructions, the more restrictive provisions shall
apply.
Plumbing shall be installed with due regard to
preservation of the strength of structural members SECTION 302 EXCLUSION OF
and prevention of damage to walls and other MATERIALS DETRIMENTAL TO THE
surfaces through fixture usage. SEWER SYSTEM
301.3 Connections to drainage system. 302.1 Detrimental or dangerous materials.
Plumbing fixtures, drains, appurtenances and Ashes, cinders or rags; flammable, poisonous or
appliances used to receive, or discharge liquid explosive liquids or gases; oil, grease or any other
waste or sewage shall be directly connected to the insoluble material capable of obstructing,
sanitary drainage system of the building or damaging or overloading the building drainage or
premises, in accordance with the requirements of sewer system, or capable of interfering with the
this code (SBC 701). This section shall not be normal operation of the sewage treatment
construed to prevent indirect waste systems processes, shall not be deposited, by any means,
required by Chapter 8. into such systems.
Exception: Bathtubs, showers, lavatories, clothes 302.2 Industrial wastes.
washers and laundry trays shall not be required to
discharge to the sanitary drainage system where Waste products from manufacturing or industrial
such fixtures discharge to an approved system in operations shall not be introduced into the public
accordance with Chapters 13 and 14. sewer until it has been determined by the code
official or other authority having jurisdiction that
301.4 Connections to water supply. the introduction thereof will not damage the
Every plumbing fixture, device or appliance public sewer system or interfere with the
requiring or using water for its proper operation functioning of the sewage treatment plant.
shall be directly or indirectly connected to the SECTION 303 MATERIALS
water supply system in accordance with the
provisions of this code. 303.1 Identification.
301.5 Pipe, tube and fitting sizes. Each length of pipe and each pipe fitting, trap,
fixture, material and device utilized in a plumbing
Unless otherwise indicated, the pipe, tube and system shall bear the identification of the
fitting sizes specified in this code are expressed manufacturer and any markings required by the
in nominal or standard sizes as designated in the applicable referenced standards.
referenced material standards.
303.2 Installation of materials.
301.6 Prohibited locations.
All materials used shall be installed in strict
Plumbing systems shall not be located in an accordance with the standards under which the
elevator shaft or in an elevator equipment room. materials are accepted and approved. In the
Exception: Floor drains, sumps and sump pumps absence of such installation procedures, the
shall be permitted at the base of the shaft, manufacturer’s instructions shall be followed.

SBC 701-CR-18 25
 CHAPTER 3 GENERAL REGULATIONS

Where the requirements of referenced standards that will withstand any reaction from the lime and
or manufacturer’s installation instructions do not acid of concrete, cinder or other corrosive
conform to minimum provisions of this code, the material. Sheathing or wrapping shall allow for
provisions of this code shall apply. movement including expansion and contraction
of piping. The wall thickness of the material shall
303.3 Plastic pipe, fittings and components.
be not less than 0.65 mm.
All plastic pipe, fittings and components shall be
305.2 Stress and strain.
third-party certified as conforming to NSF 14.
Piping in a plumbing system shall be installed so
303.4 Third-party certification.
as to prevent strains and stresses that exceed the
All plumbing products and materials shall be structural strength of the pipe. Where necessary,
listed by a third-party certification agency as provisions shall be made to protect piping from
complying with the referenced standards. damage resulting from expansion, contraction
Products and materials shall be identified in and structural settlement.
accordance with Section 303.1.
305.3 Pipes through foundation walls.
SECTION 304 RODENTPROOFING Any pipe that passes through a foundation wall
304.1 General. shall be provided with a relieving arch, or a pipe
sleeve pipe shall be built into the foundation wall.
Plumbing systems shall be designed and installed
The sleeve shall be two pipe sizes greater than the
in accordance with Sections 304.2 through 304.4
pipe passing through the wall.
to prevent rodents from entering structures.
305.4 Freezing.
304.2 Strainer plates.
Water, soil and waste pipes shall not be installed
All strainer plates on drain inlets shall be
outside of a building, in attics or crawl spaces,
designed and installed so that all openings are not
concealed in outside walls, or in any other place
greater than 13 mm in least dimension.
subjected to freezing temperatures unless
304.3 Meter boxes. adequate provision is made to protect such pipes
from freezing by insulation or heat or both.
Meter boxes shall be constructed in such a
Exterior water supply system piping shall be
manner that rodents are prevented from entering
installed not less than 150 mm below the frost line
a structure by way of the water service pipes
and not less than 300 mm below grade.
connecting the meter box and the structure.
304.4 Openings for pipes. 305.4.1 Sewer depth.
Building sewers that connect to private sewage
In or on structures where openings have been
disposal systems shall be installed not less than
made in walls, floors or ceilings for the passage
500 mm below finished grade at the point of
of pipes, the annular space between the pipe and
septic tank connection. Building sewers shall be
the sides of the opening shall be sealed with
installed not less than 300 mm below grade.
caulking materials or closed with gasketing
systems compatible with the piping materials and 305.5 Waterproofing of openings.
locations.
Joints at the roof and around vent pipes shall be
SECTION 305 PROTECTION OF made water tight by the use of lead, copper,
PIPES AND PLUMBING SYSTEM galvanized steel, aluminum, plastic or other
COMPONENTS approved flashings or flashing material. Exterior
wall openings shall be made water tight.
305.1 Corrosion.
305.6 Protection against physical damage.
Pipes passing through concrete or cinder walls
and floors or other corrosive material shall be In concealed locations where piping, other than
protected against external corrosion by a cast-iron or galvanized steel, is installed through
protective sheathing or wrapping or other means holes or notches in studs, joists, rafters or similar

SBC 701-CR-18 26
 CHAPTER 3 GENERAL REGULATIONS

members less than 40 mm from the nearest edge the installation level of the bottom of the pipe, and
of the member, the pipe shall be protected by steel the trench shall be backfilled to the installation
shield plates. Such shield plates shall have a level of the bottom of the pipe with sand tamped
thickness of not less than 1.463 mm (No. 16 in place so as to provide uniform load-bearing
gage). Such plates shall cover the area of the pipe support for the pipe between joints. The pipe,
where the member is notched or bored, and shall including the joints, shall not rest on rock at any
extend not less than 50 mm above sole plates and point.
below top plates.
306.2.3 Soft load-bearing materials.
305.7 Protection of components of plumbing
If soft materials of poor load-bearing quality are
system.
found at the bottom of the trench, stabilization
Components of a plumbing system installed shall be achieved by over excavating not less than
along alleyways, driveways, parking garages or two pipe diameters and backfilling to the
other locations exposed to damage shall be installation level of the bottom of the pipe with
recessed into the wall or otherwise protected in an fine gravel, crushed stone or a concrete
approved manner. foundation. The concrete foundation shall be
bedded with sand tamped into place so as to
SECTION 306 TRENCHING, provide uniform load-bearing support for the pipe
EXCAVATION AND BACKFILL between joints.
306.1 Support of piping. 306.3 Backfilling.
Buried piping shall be supported throughout its Backfill shall be free from discarded construction
entire length. material and debris. Loose earth free from rocks,
306.2 Trenching and bedding. broken concrete and frozen chunks shall be
placed in the trench in 150 mm layers and tamped
Where trenches are excavated such that the in place until the crown of the pipe is covered by
bottom of the trench forms the bed for the pipe, 300 mm of tamped earth. The backfill under and
solid and continuous load-bearing support shall beside the pipe shall be compacted for pipe
be provided between joints. Bell holes, hub holes support. Backfill shall be brought up evenly on
and coupling holes shall be provided at points both sides of the pipe so that the pipe remains
where the pipe is joined. Such pipe shall not be aligned. In instances where the manufacturer’s
supported on blocks to grade. In instances where instructions for materials are more restrictive than
the materials manufacturer’s installation those prescribed by the code, the material shall be
instructions are more restrictive than those installed in accordance with the more restrictive
prescribed by the code, the material shall be requirement.
installed in accordance with the more restrictive
requirement. 306.4 Tunneling.

306.2.1 Over excavation. Where pipe is to be installed by tunneling, jacking

or a combination of both, the pipe shall be
Where trenches are excavated below the protected from damage during installation and
installation level of the pipe such that the bottom from subsequent uneven loading. Where earth
of the trench does not form the bed for the pipe, tunnels are used, adequate supporting structures
the trench shall be backfilled to the installation shall be provided to prevent future settling or
level of the bottom of the pipe with sand or fine caving.
gravel placed in layers not greater than 150 mm
in depth and such backfill shall be compacted SECTION 307 STRUCTURAL SAFETY
after each placement. 307.1 General.
306.2.2 Rock removal. In the process of installing or repairing any part
Where rock is encountered in trenching, the rock of a plumbing and drainage installation, the
shall be removed to not less than 75 mm below finished floors, walls, ceilings, tile work or any

SBC 701-CR-18 27
 CHAPTER 3 GENERAL REGULATIONS

other part of the building or premises that must be edge of the footing or wall.
changed or replaced shall be left in a safe
307.6 Piping materials exposed within
structural condition in accordance with the
plenums.
requirements of the SBC 201, and the SBC 301
through SBC 305. Piping materials exposed within plenums shall
comply with the provisions of SBC 501.
307.2 Cutting, notching or bored holes.
A framing member shall not be cut, notched or SECTION 308 PIPING SUPPORT
bored in excess of limitations specified in the 308.1 General.
SBC 201, and the SBC 301 through SBC 305.
Plumbing piping shall be supported in accordance
307.3 Penetrations of floor/ceiling with this section.
assemblies and fire-resistance-rated
308.2 Piping seismic supports.
assemblies.
Where earthquake loads are applicable in
Penetrations of floor/ceiling assemblies and
accordance with SBC 301, plumbing piping
assemblies required to have a fire-resistance
supports shall be designed and installed for the
rating shall be protected in accordance with SBC
seismic forces in accordance with the SBC 301.
201, the SBC 301 through SBC 305, and the SBC
801. 308.3 Materials.
307.4 Alterations to trusses. Hangers, anchors and supports shall support the
piping and the contents of the piping. Hangers
Truss members and components shall not be cut,
and strapping material shall be of approved
drilled, notched, spliced or otherwise altered in
material that will not promote galvanic action.
any way without written concurrence and
approval of a registered design professional. 308.4 Structural attachment.
Alterations resulting in the addition of loads to
Hangers and anchors shall be attached to the
any member (e.g., HVAC equipment, water
building construction in an approved manner.
heater) shall not be permitted without verification
that the truss is capable of supporting such 308.5 Interval of support.
additional loading. Pipe shall be supported in accordance with Table
307.5 Protection of footings. 308.5.
Trenching installed parallel to footings and walls Exception: The interval of support for piping
shall not extend into the bearing plane of a footing systems designed to provide for
or wall. The upper boundary of the bearing plane expansion/contraction shall conform to the
is a line that extends downward, at an angle of 45 engineered design in accordance with Section
degrees from horizontal, from the outside bottom 316.1.

SBC 701-CR-18 28
 CHAPTER 3 GENERAL REGULATIONS

TABLE 308.5 HANGER SPACING

MAXIMUM MAXIMUM
PIPING MATERIAL HORIZONTAL VERTICAL
SPACING (m) SPACING (m)
Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) pipe 1.2 3.0b
Aluminum tubing 3.0 4.5
Brass pipe 3.0 3.0
Cast-iron pipe 1.5a 4.5
Chlorinated polyvinyl chloride (CPVC) pipe and tubing,
3.6 3.0b
25 mm and smaller
Chlorinated polyvinyl chloride (CPVC) pipe and tubing,
1.2 3.0b
32 mm and larger
Copper or copper-alloy pipe 3.6 3.0
Copper or copper-alloy tubing, 32 mm diameter and
1.8 3.0
smaller
Copper or copper-alloy tubing, 38 mm diameter and
3.0 3.0
larger
Cross-linked polyethylene (PEX) pipe 0.8 3.0b
Cross-linked polyethylene/ aluminum/cross-linked
0.8 1.2
polyethylene (PEX-AL- PEX) pipe
Lead pipe Continuous 1.2
Polyethylene/aluminum/ polyethylene (PE-AL-PE)
0.8 1.2
pipe
Polyethylene of raised temperature (PE-RT) pipe 0.8 3.0b
Polypropylene (PP) pipe or
0.8 3.0b
tubing 25 mm and smaller
Polypropylene (PP) pipe or tubing, 32 mm and larger 1.2 3.0b
Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) pipe 1.2 3.0b
Stainless steel drainage systems 3.0 3.0b
Steel pipe 3.6 4.5
a. The maximum horizontal spacing of cast-iron pipe hangers shall be increased to 3.0 m where
3.0 m lengths of pipe are installed.
b. For sizes 50 mm millimeters and smaller, a guide shall be installed midway between required
vertical supports. Such guides shall prevent pipe movement in a direction perpendicular to the
axis of the pipe

308.6 Sway bracing. than two pipe sizes. Braces, blocks, rodding and
other suitable methods as specified by the
Rigid support sway bracing shall be provided at
coupling manufacturer shall be utilized.
changes in direction greater than 45 degrees for
pipe sizes 100 mm and larger. 308.8 Expansion joint fittings.
308.7 Anchorage. Expansion joint fittings shall be used only where
necessary to provide for expansion and
Anchorage shall be provided to restrain drainage
contraction of the pipes. Expansion joint fittings
piping from axial movement.
shall be of the typical material suitable for use
308.7.1 Location. with the type of piping in which such fittings are
For pipe sizes greater than 100 mm, restraints installed.
shall be provided for drain pipes at all changes in 308.9 Parallel water distribution systems.
direction and at all changes in diameter greater

SBC 701-CR-18 29
 CHAPTER 3 GENERAL REGULATIONS

Piping bundles for manifold systems shall be resist hydrostatic and hydrodynamic loads and
supported in accordance with Table 308.5. stresses, including the effects of buoyancy,
Support at changes in direction shall be in during the occurrence of flooding up to such
accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions. elevation.
Where hot water piping is bundled with cold or
309.3 Coastal high-hazard areas and
hot water piping, each hot water pipe shall be
coastal A zones.
insulated.
Structures located in coastal high-hazard areas
SECTION 309 FLOOD HAZARD and coastal A zones shall meet the requirements
RESISTANCE of Section 309.2. The plumbing systems, pipes
309.1 General. and fixtures shall not be mounted on or penetrate
through walls intended to break away under flood
Plumbing systems and equipment in structures loads.
erected in flood hazard areas shall be constructed
in accordance with the requirements of this SECTION 310 WASHROOM AND
section and the SBC 201 and the SBC 301. TOILET ROOM REQUIREMENTS
309.2 Flood hazard. 310.1 Light and ventilation.
For structures located in flood hazard areas, the Washrooms and toilet rooms shall be illuminated
following systems and equipment shall be located and ventilated in accordance with the SBC 201
and installed as required by 1612 of SBC 201. and the SBC 501.
1 Water service pipes. 310.2 Location of fixtures and
compartments.
2 Pump seals in individual water supply
systems where the pump is located below The location of plumbing fixtures and the
the design flood elevation. requirements for compartments and partitions
shall be in accordance with Section 405.3.
3 Covers on potable water wells shall be
sealed, except where the top of the casing 310.3 Interior finish.
well or pipe sleeve is elevated to not less
Interior finish surfaces of toilet rooms shall
than 300 mm above the design flood
comply with the with the SBC 201.
elevation.
4 Sanitary drainage piping.
SECTION 311 TOILET FACILITIES
FOR WORKERS
5 Storm drainage piping.
311.1 General.
6 Manhole covers shall be sealed, except
where elevated to or above the design Toilet facilities shall be provided for construction
flood elevation. workers and such facilities shall be maintained in
a sanitary condition. Construction worker toilet
7 Other plumbing fixtures, faucets, fixture facilities of the nonsewer type shall conform to
fittings, piping systems and equipment. ANSI Z4.3.
8 Water heaters. SECTION 312 TESTS AND
9 Vents and vent systems. INSPECTIONS
Exception: The systems listed in this section are 312.1 Required tests.
permitted to be located below the elevation The permit holder shall make the applicable tests
required by Section 1612 of SBC 201 for utilities prescribed in Sections 312.2 through 312.10 to
and attendant equipment, provided that the determine compliance with the provisions of this
systems are designed and installed to prevent code. The permit holder shall give reasonable
water from entering or accumulating within their advance notice to the code official when the
components and the systems are constructed to plumbing work is ready for tests. The equipment,

SBC 701-CR-18 30
 CHAPTER 3 GENERAL REGULATIONS

material, power and labor necessary for the test shall be made by forcing air into the system
inspection and test shall be furnished by the until there is a uniform gauge pressure of 34.5 kPa
permit holder and he or she shall be responsible or sufficient to balance a 250 mm column of
for determining that the work will withstand the mercury. This pressure shall be held for a test
test pressure prescribed in the following tests. All period of not less than 15 minutes. Any
plumbing system piping shall be tested with adjustments to the test pressure required because
either water or, for piping systems other than of changes in ambient temperatures or the seating
plastic, by air. After the plumbing fixtures have of gaskets shall be made prior to the beginning of
been set and their traps filled with water, the the test period.
entire drainage system shall be submitted to final
312.4 Drainage and vent final test.
tests. The code official shall require the removal
of any cleanouts if necessary to ascertain whether The final test of the completed drainage and vent
the pressure has reached all parts of the system. systems shall be visual and in sufficient detail to
determine compliance with the provisions this
312.1.1 Test gauges. code. Where a smoke test is utilized, it shall be
Gauges used for testing shall be as follows: made by filling all traps with water and then
introducing into the entire system a pungent,
1 Tests requiring a pressure of 69 kPa or
thick smoke produced by one or more smoke
less shall utilize a testing gauge having
machines. When the smoke appears at stack
increments of 0.69 kPa or less.
openings on the roof, the stack openings shall be
2 Tests requiring a pressure of greater than closed and a pressure equivalent to 248.8 Pa shall
69 kPa but less than or equal to 690 kPa be held for a test period of not less than 15
shall utilize a testing gauge having minutes.
increments of 6.9 kPa or less.
312.5 Water supply system test.
3 Tests requiring a pressure of greater than
Upon completion of a section of or the entire
690 kPa shall utilize a testing gauge
water supply system, the system, or portion
having increments of 14 kPa or less.
completed, shall be tested and proved tight under
312.2 Drainage and vent water test. a water pressure not less than the working
A water test shall be applied to the drainage pressure of the system; or, for piping systems
system either in its entirety or in sections. If other than plastic, by an air test of not less than
applied to the entire system, all openings in the 344 kPa. This pressure shall be held for not less
piping shall be tightly closed, except the highest than 15 minutes. The water utilized for tests shall
opening, and the system shall be filled with water be obtained from a potable source of supply. The
to the point of overflow. If the system is tested in required tests shall be performed in accordance
sections, each opening shall be tightly plugged with this section and Section 107.
except the highest openings of the section under 312.6 Gravity sewer test.
test, and each section shall be filled with water,
Gravity sewer tests shall consist of plugging the
but no section shall be tested with less than a 3000
end of the building sewer at the point of
mm head of water. In testing successive sections,
connection with the public sewer, filling the
at least the upper 3000 mm of the next preceding
building sewer with water, testing with not less
section shall be tested so that no joint or pipe in
than a 3000 mm head of water and maintaining
the building, except the uppermost 3000 mm of
such pressure for 15 minutes.
the system, shall have been submitted to a test of
less than a 3000 mm head of water. This pressure 312.7 Forced sewer test.
shall be held for not less than 15 minutes. The
Forced sewer tests shall consist of plugging the
system shall then be tight at all points.
end of the building sewer at the point of
312.3 Drainage and vent air test. connection with the public sewer and applying a
pressure of 35 kPa greater than the pump rating,
Plastic piping shall not be tested using air. An air
and maintaining such pressure for 15 minutes.

SBC 701-CR-18 31
 CHAPTER 3 GENERAL REGULATIONS

312.8 Storm drainage system test. Equipment efficiencies shall be in accordance

with the SBC 601 and SBC 602.
Storm drain systems within a building shall be
tested by water or air in accordance with Section SECTION 314 CONDENSATE
312.2 or 312.3. DISPOSAL
312.9 Shower liner test. 314.1 Fuel-burning appliances.
Where shower floors and receptors are made Liquid combustion byproducts of condensing
water tight by the application of materials appliances shall be collected and discharged to an
required by Section 417.5.2, the completed liner approved plumbing fixture or disposal area in
installation shall be tested. The pipe from the accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions.
shower drain shall be plugged water tight for the Condensate piping shall be of approved
test. The floor and receptor area shall be filled corrosion-resistant material and shall not be
with potable water to a depth of not less than 50 smaller than the drain connection on the
mm measured at the threshold. Where a threshold appliance. Such piping shall maintain a horizontal
of at least 50 mm high does not exist, a temporary slope in the direction of discharge of not less than
threshold shall be constructed to retain the test one-eighth unit vertical in 12 units horizontal (1-
water in the lined floor or receptor area to a level percent slope).
not less than 50 mm deep measured at the
threshold. The water shall be retained for a test 314.2 Evaporators and cooling coils.
period of not less than 15 minutes, and there shall Condensate drain systems shall be provided for
not be evidence of leakage. equipment and appliances containing evaporators
312.10 Inspection and testing of backflow or cooling coils. Condensate drain systems shall
prevention assemblies. be designed, constructed and installed in
accordance with Sections 314.2.1 through
Inspection and testing shall comply with Sections 314.2.5.
312.10.1 and 312.10.2.
314.2.1 Condensate disposal.
312.10.1 Inspections. Condensate from all cooling coils and
Annual inspections shall be made of all backflow evaporators shall be conveyed from the drain pan
prevention assemblies and air gaps to determine outlet to an approved place of disposal. Such
whether they are operable. piping shall maintain a horizontal slope in the
direction of discharge of not less than one-eighth
312.10.2 Testing.
unit vertical in 12 units horizontal (1-percent
Reduced pressure principle, double check, slope). Condensate shall not discharge into a
pressure vacuum breaker, reduced pressure street, alley or other areas so as to cause a
detector fire protection, double check detector nuisance.
fire protection, and spill-resistant vacuum breaker
backflow preventer assemblies and hose 314.2.2 Drain pipe materials and sizes.
connection backflow preventers shall be tested at Components of the condensate disposal system
the time of installation, immediately after repairs shall be cast iron, galvanized steel, copper, cross-
or relocation and at least annually. The testing linked polyethylene, polyethylene, ABS, CPVC
procedure shall be performed in accordance with or PVC or polypropylene pipe or tubing. All
one of the following standards: ASSE 5013, components shall be selected for the pressure and
ASSE 5015, ASSE 5020, ASSE 5047, ASSE temperature rating of the installation. Joints and
5048, ASSE 5052, ASSE 5056, CSA B64.10 or connections shall be made in accordance with the
CSA B64.10.1. applicable provisions of Chapter 7 relative to the
SECTION 313 EQUIPMENT material type. Condensate waste and drain line
size shall be not less than 20 mm internal
EFFICIENCIES
diameter and shall not decrease in size from the
313.1 General. drain pan connection to the place of condensate

SBC 701-CR-18 32
 CHAPTER 3 GENERAL REGULATIONS

disposal. Where the drain pipes from more than 2 A separate overflow drain line shall be
one unit are manifolded together for condensate connected to the drain pan provided with
drainage, the pipe or tubing shall be sized in the equipment. Such overflow drain shall
accordance with Table 314.2.2. discharge to a conspicuous point of
disposal to alert occupants in the event of
TABLE 314.2.2 CONDENSATE DRAIN
a stoppage of the primary drain. The
SIZING
overflow drain line shall connect to the
MINIMUM
drain pan at a higher level than the
EQUIPMENT CONDENSATE
primary drain connection.
CAPACITY PIPE DIAMETER
(mm) 3 An auxiliary drain pan without a separate
Up to 20 tons of drain line shall be provided under the
20 mm coils on which condensate will occur.
refrigeration
Over 20 tons to 40 Such pan shall be equipped with a water-
25 mm level detection device conforming to UL
tons of refrigeration
Over 40 tons to 90 508 that will shut off the equipment
32 mm served prior to overflow of the pan. The
tons of refrigeration
Over 90 tons to 125 auxiliary drain pan shall be constructed
38 mm in accordance with Item 1 of this section.
tons of refrigeration
Over 125 tons to 4 A water-level detection device
250 tons of 50 mm conforming to UL 508 shall be provided
refrigeration that will shut off the equipment served in
the event that the primary drain is
314.2.3 Auxiliary and secondary drain
blocked. The device shall be installed in
systems.
the primary drain line, the overflow drain
In addition to the requirements of Section line or in the equipment-supplied drain
314.2.1, where damage to any building pan, located at a point higher than the
components could occur as a result of overflow primary drain line connection and below
from the equipment primary condensate removal the overflow rim of such pan.
system, one of the following auxiliary protection
methods shall be provided for each cooling coil Exception: Fuel-fired appliances that
or fuel fired appliance that produces condensate: automatically shut down operation in the event of
a stoppage in the condensate drainage system.
1 An auxiliary drain pan with a separate
drain shall be provided under the coils on 314.2.3.1 Water-level monitoring devices.
which condensation will occur. The On down-flow units and all other coils that do not
auxiliary pan drain shall discharge to a have a secondary drain or provisions to install a
conspicuous point of disposal to alert secondary or auxiliary drain pan, a water-level
occupants in the event of a stoppage of monitoring device shall be installed inside the
the primary drain. The pan shall have a primary drain pan. This device shall shut off the
depth of not less than 38 mm, shall be not equipment served in the event that the primary
less than 75 mm larger than the unit or the drain becomes restricted. Devices installed in the
coil dimensions in width and length and drain line shall not be permitted.
shall be constructed of corrosion-
resistant material. Galvanized sheet 314.2.3.2 Appliance, equipment and
metal pans shall have a thickness of not insulation in pans.
less than 0.6010 mm (No. 24 gage) Where appliances, equipment or insulation are
galvanized sheet metal. Nonmetallic pans subject to water damage when auxiliary drain
shall have a thickness of not less than 1.6 pans fill such portions of the appliances,
mm. equipment and insulation shall be installed above
the flood level rim of the pan. Supports located

SBC 701-CR-18 33
 CHAPTER 3 GENERAL REGULATIONS

inside of the pan to support the appliance or the intent of the provisions of this code and shall
equipment shall be water resistant and approved. provide an equivalent level of quality, strength,
effectiveness, fire resistance, durability and
314.2.4 Traps. safety. Material, equipment or components shall
Condensate drains shall be trapped as required by be designed and installed in accordance with the
the equipment or appliance manufacturer. manufacturer’s instructions.

314.2.4.1 Ductless mini-split system traps. 316.1.2 Submittal.

Ductless mini-split equipment that produces The registered design professional shall indicate
condensation shall be provided with an in-line on the permit application that the plumbing
check valve located in the drain line or a trap. system is an alternative engineered design. The
permit and permanent permit records shall
314.2.5 Cleanouts. indicate that an alternative engineered design was
Condensate drain lines shall be configured to part of the approved installation.
permit the clearing of blockages and performance
of maintenance without requiring the drain line to 316.1.3 Technical data.
be cut. The registered design professional shall submit
sufficient technical data to substantiate the
SECTION 315 PENETRATIONS
proposed alternative engineered design and to
315.1 Sealing of annular spaces. prove that the performance meets the intent of this
code.
The annular space between the outside of a pipe
and the inside of a pipe sleeve or between the 316.1.4 Construction documents.
outside of a pipe and an opening in a building
The registered design professional shall submit to
envelope wall, floor, or ceiling assembly
the code official two complete sets of signed and
penetrated by a pipe shall be sealed in an
sealed construction documents for the alternative
approved manner with caulking material, foam
engineering design. The construction documents
sealant or closed with a gasketing system. The
shall include floor plans and a riser diagram of the
caulking material, foam sealant or gasketing
work. Where appropriate, the construction
system shall be designed for the conditions at the
documents shall indicate the direction of flow, all
penetration location and shall be compatible with
pipe sizes, grade of horizontal piping, loading and
the pipe, sleeve and building materials in contact
location of fixtures and appliances.
with the sealing materials. Annular spaces created
by pipes penetrating fire-resistance-rated 316.1.5 Design approval.
assemblies or membranes of such assemblies
Where the code official determines that the
shall be sealed or closed in accordance with alternative engineered design conforms to the
Section 714 of the SBC 201. intent of this code, the plumbing system shall be
SECTION 316 ALTERNATIVE approved. If the alternative engineered design is
ENGINEERED DESIGN not approved, the code official shall notify the
registered design professional in writing, stating
316.1 Alternative engineered design. the reasons thereof.
The design, documentation, inspection, testing
316.1.6 Inspection and testing.
and approval of an alternative engineered design
plumbing system shall comply with Sections The alternative engineered design shall be tested
316.1.1 through 316.1.6. and inspected in accordance with the
requirements of Sections 107 and 312.
316.1.1 Design criteria.
An alternative engineered design shall conform to

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FIXTURES, FAUCETS AND FIXTURE FITTINGS

conform to ASTM B 152 and shall not weigh less

SECTION 401 GENERAL than 3.7 kg per m2.
401.1 Scope.
402.4 Sheet lead.
This chapter shall govern the materials, design Sheet lead for pans shall not weigh less than 19.5
and installation of plumbing fixtures, faucets and kg per m2 and shall be coated with an asphalt
fixture fittings in accordance with the type of
paint or other approved coating.
occupancy, and shall provide for the minimum
number of fixtures for various types of SECTION 403 MINIMUM PLUMBING
occupancies. FACILITIES
401.2 Prohibited fixtures and connections. 403.1 Minimum number of fixtures.
Water closets having a concealed trap seal or an Plumbing fixtures shall be provided in the
unventilated space or having walls that are not minimum number as shown in Table 403.1, based
thoroughly washed at each discharge in on the actual use of the building or space. Uses
accordance with SASO 1258; SASO 1473; not shown in Table 403.1 shall be considered
ASME A112.19.2/CSA B45.1 shall be individually by the code official. The number of
prohibited. Any water closet that permits occupants shall be determined by the SBC 201.
siphonage of the contents of the bowl back into Occupancy classification shall be determined in
the tank shall be prohibited. Trough urinals shall accordance with the SBC 201.
be prohibited.
403.1.1 Fixture calculations.
401.3 Water conservation.
To determine the occupant load of each sex, the
The maximum water flow rates and flush volume total occupant load shall be divided in half. To
for plumbing fixtures and fixture fittings shall determine the required number of fixtures, the
comply with Section 604.4. fixture ratio or ratios for each fixture type shall be
applied to the occupant load of each sex in
SECTION 402 FIXTURE MATERIALS
accordance with Table 403.1. Fractional numbers
402.1 Quality of fixtures. resulting from applying the fixture ratios of Table
Plumbing fixtures shall be constructed of 403.1 shall be rounded up to the next whole
approved materials, with smooth, impervious number. For calculations involving multiple
surfaces, free from defects and concealed fouling occupancies, such fractional numbers for each
surfaces, and shall conform to standards cited in occupancy shall first be summed and then
this code. All porcelain enameled surfaces on rounded up to the next whole number.
plumbing fixtures shall be acid resistant. Exception: The total occupant load shall not be
402.2 Materials for specialty fixtures. required to be divided in half where approved
statistical data indicates a distribution of the sexes
Materials for specialty fixtures not otherwise of other than 50 percent of each sex.
covered in this code shall be of stainless steel,
soapstone, chemical stoneware or plastic, or shall 403.1.2 Family or assisted-use toilet and
be lined with lead, copper-base alloy, nickel- bath fixtures.
copper alloy, corrosion-resistant steel or other Fixtures located within family or assisted-use
material especially suited to the application for toilet and bathing rooms required by Section
which the fixture is intended. 1109.2.1 of the SBC 201 are permitted to be
402.3 Sheet copper. included in the number of required fixtures for
either the male or female occupants in assembly
Sheet copper for general applications shall and mercantile occupancies.

SBC 701-CR-18 35
CHAPTER 4 FIXTURES, FAUCETS AND FIXTURE FITTINGS

Table 403.1 Minimum Number of Required Plumbing Fixturesa

(See Sections 403.1.1 And 403.2)
Water closets Drinking
(urinals: see Lavatories fountain
Bathtubs/
No. Classification Occupancy Description section 419.2) (see Other
showers
section
Male Female Male Female
410)
Theaters and other buildings 1 per 1
A-1d for the performing arts and 1 per 65 1 per 200 — 1 per 500 service
125
motion pictures sink
1 per 1
Dance halls and buildings
1 per 40 1 per 75 — 1 per 500 service
for similar purposes 40
sink
A-2d
1 per 1
Restaurants, banquet halls
1 per 75 1 per 200 — 1 per 500 service
and food courts 75
sink
Auditoriums without
1 Assembly permanent seating, art
1 per 1
galleries, exhibition halls,
1 per 65 1 per 200 — 1 per 500 service
museums, lecture halls, 125
sink
libraries, arcades and
gymnasiums
A-3d
1 per 1
Passenger terminals and 1 per
1 per 750 — 1 per 1,000 service
transportation facilities 500 500
sink
1 per 1
Mosques 1 per 75 1 per 200 — 1 per 1,000 service
150
sink
(continued)

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CHAPTER 4 FIXTURES, FAUCETS AND FIXTURE FITTINGS

TABLE 403.1 —continued

Minimum Number of Required Plumbing Fixturesa
(See Sections 403.1.1 And 403.2)
Water closets (urinals: see Drinking
Lavatories
section 419.2) fountain
Bathtubs/
No. Classification Occupancy Description (see Other
showers
Male Female Male Female section
410)
Coliseums, arenas, 1 per 75 for 1 per 40 for
skating rinks, pools the first 1,500 the first 1,520
and tennis courts for and 1 per 120 and 1 per 60 1
1 per 1 per 1 service
A-4 indoor sporting events for the for the per —
150 1,000 sink
and activities remainder remainder 200
exceeding exceeding
1 1,500 1,520
Assembly
(cont.) Stadiums, amusement 1 per 75 for 1 per 40 for
parks, bleachers and the first1,500 the first 1,520
grandstands for and 1 per 120 and 1 per 60 1
1 per 1 per 1 service
A-5 outdoor sporting for the for the per —
150 1,000 sink
events and activities remainder remainder 200
exceeding exceeding
1,500 1,520
Buildings for the 1 per 40 for
transaction of the
business, professional first 80 and
services, other 1 per 25 for the first 50 and 1
1 service
2 Business B services involving 1 per 50 for the remainder per 80 for — 1 per 100
sinke
merchandise, office exceeding 50 the
buildings, banks, light remainder
industrial and similar exceeding
uses 80
Educational facilities 1 service
3 Educational E 1 per 50 1 per 50 — 1 per 100
sink
Structures in which
occupants are
(see
Factory and F-1 and F- engaged in work 1 service
4 1 per 100 1 per 100 Section 1 per 400
industrial 2 fabricating, assembly sink
411)
or processing of
products or materials
Residential care 1 service
I-1 1 per 10 1 per 10 1 per 8 1 per 100
sink
Hospitals, ambulatory
1 service
nursing home care 1 per roomc 1 per roomc 1 per 15 1 per 100
sink per floor
recipient
I-2 Employees, other
1 per 25 1 per 35 — 1 per 100 —
than residential careb
Visitors, other than
1 per 75 1 per 100 — 1 per 500 —
5 Institutional residential care
b
Prisons 1 service
1 per cell 1 per cell 1 per 15 1 per 100
sink
Reformitories,
I-3 1 service
detention centers, and 1 per 15 1 per 15 1 per 15 1 per 100
sink
correctional centersb
Employeesb 1 per 25 1 per 35 — 1 per 100 —
Adult day care and 1 service
I-4 1 per 15 1 per 15 1 1 per 100
child day care sink
(continued)

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TABLE 403.1 —continued

Minimum Number of Required Plumbing Fixturesa
(See Sections 403.1.1 and 403.2)
Water closets Drinking
(urinals: see Lavatories Bathtubs/ fountain
No. Classification Occupancy Description Other
section 419.2) showers (see
Male Female Male Female section410)
Retail stores, service
stations, shops,
6 Mercantile M 1 per 500 1 per 750 — 1 per 1,000 1 service sinke
salesrooms, markets
and shopping centers
Hotels, motels, 1 per
1 per sleeping 1 per
R-1 boarding houses sleeping — 1 service sink
unit sleeping unit
(transient) unit
Dormitories,
R-2 and boarding 1 per 10 1 per 10 1 per 8 1 per 100 1 service sink
houses (not transient)
1 kitchen sink per
dwelling unit; 1
1 per
1 per dwelling 1 per auto- matic clothes
R-2 Apartment house dwelling —
unit dwelling unit washer con-
unit
nection per 20
7 Residential dwelling units
Congregate living
R-3 facilities with 16 or 1 per 10 1 per 10 1 per 8 1 per 100 1 service sink
fewer persons
One- and two-family 1 kitchen sink per
dwellings and lodging 1 per dwelling unit; 1
1 per dwelling 1 per
R-3 houses dwelling — automatic clothes
unit dwelling unit
with five or fewer unit washer connection
guestrooms per dwelling unit
Congregate living
R-4 facilities with 16 or 1 per 10 1 per 10 1 per 8 1 per 100 1 service sink
fewer persons
Structures for the
storage of goods,
See
S-1 warehouses, store-
8 Storage 1 per 100 1 per 100 Section 1 per 1,000 1 service sink
S-2 house and freight
411
depots. Low and
Moderate Hazard.

a. The fixtures shown are based on one fixture being the minimum required for the number of persons indicated or any
fraction of the number of persons indicated. The number of occupants shall be determined by the by the SBC 201.
b. Toilet facilities for employees shall be separate from facilities for inmates or care recipients.
c. A single-occupant toilet room with one water closet and one lavatory serving not more than two adjacent patient
sleeping units shall be permitted provided that each patient sleeping unit has direct access to the toilet room and
provision for privacy for the toilet room user is provided.
d. The occupant load for seasonal outdoor seating and entertainment areas shall be included when determining the
minimum number of facilities required.
e. For business and mercantile occupancies with an occupant load of 15 or fewer, service sinks shall not be required.

SBC 701-CR-18 38
 CHAPTER 4 FIXTURES, FAUCETS AND FIXTURE FITTINGS

403.3.2 Prohibited toilet room location.

403.2 Separate facilities.
Toilet rooms shall not open directly into a room
Where plumbing fixtures are required, separate used for the preparation of food for service to
facilities shall be provided for each sex. the public.
Exceptions:
403.3.3 Location of toilet facilities in
1 Separate facilities shall not be required occupancies other than malls.
for dwelling units and sleeping units. In occupancies other than covered and open
403.2.1 Family or assisted-use toilet mall buildings, the required public and
facilities serving as separate employee toilet facilities shall be located not
facilities. more than one story above or below the space
required to be provided with toilet facilities,
Where a building or tenant space requires a and the path of travel to such facilities shall not
separate toilet facility for each sex and each exceed a distance of 152 m.
toilet facility is required to have only one water
closet, two family or assisted-use toilet Exception: The location and maximum
facilities shall be permitted to serve as the distances of travel to required employee
required separate facilities. Family or assisted facilities in factory and industrial occupancies
use toilet facilities shall not be required to be are permitted to exceed that required by this
identified for exclusive use by either sex as section, provided that the location and
required by Section 403.4. maximum distance of travel are approved.
403.3 Required public toilet facilities. 403.3.4 Location of toilet facilities in
Customers, patrons and visitors shall be malls.
provided with public toilet facilities in In covered and open mall buildings, the
structures and tenant spaces intended for public required public and employee toilet facilities
utilization. The number of plumbing fixtures shall be located not more than one story above
located within the required toilet facilities shall or below the space required to be provided with
be provided in accordance with Section 403 for toilet facilities, and the path of travel to such
all users. Employees shall be provided with facilities shall not exceed a distance of 91 m. In
toilet facilities in all occupancies. Employee mall buildings, the required facilities shall be
toilet facilities shall be either separate or based on total square footage within a covered
combined employee and public toilet facilities. mall building or within the perimeter line of an
open mall building, and facilities shall be
Exception: Public toilet facilities shall not be installed in each individual store or in a central
required in: toilet area located in accordance with this
1 Open or enclosed parking garages section. The maximum distance of travel to
where there are no parking attendants. central toilet facilities in mall buildings shall be
measured from the main entrance of any store
2 Structures and tenant spaces intended or tenant space. In mall buildings, where
for quick transactions, including employees’ toilet facilities are not provided in
takeout, pickup and drop-off, having a the individual store, the maximum distance of
public access area less than or equal to travel shall be measured from the employees’
28 m2. work area of the store or tenant space.
403.3.1 Access. 403.3.5 Pay facilities.
The route to the public toilet facilities required Where pay facilities are installed, such facilities
by Section 403.3 shall not pass through shall be in excess of the required minimum
kitchens, storage rooms or closets. Access to facilities. Required facilities shall be free of
the required facilities shall be from within the charge.
building or from the exterior of the building.
Routes shall comply with the accessibility 403.3.6 Door locking.
requirements of the SBC 201. The public shall Where a toilet room is provided for the use of
have access to the required toilet facilities at all multiple occupants, the egress door for the
times that the building is occupied. room shall not be lockable from the inside of

SBC 701-CR-18 39
 CHAPTER 4 FIXTURES, FAUCETS AND FIXTURE FITTINGS

the room. This section does not apply to family prevent backflow.
or assisted-use toilet rooms.
405.2 Access for cleaning.
403.4 Signage.
Plumbing fixtures shall be installed so as to
Required public facilities shall be provided afford easy access for cleaning both the fixture
with signs that designate the sex, as required by and the area around the fixture.
Section 403.2. Signs shall be readily visible and
405.3 Setting.
located near the entrance to each toilet facility.
Signs for accessible toilet facilities shall Fixtures shall be set level and in proper
comply with Section 1111 of the SBC 201. alignment with reference to adjacent walls.

403.4.1 Directional signage. 405.3.1 Water closets, urinals, lavatories

Directional signage indicating the route to the and bidets.
required public toilet facilities shall be posted A water closet, urinal, lavatory or bidet shall
in a lobby, corridor, aisle or similar space, such not be set closer than 375 mm from its center to
that the sign can be readily seen from the main any side wall, partition, vanity or other
entrance to the building or tenant space. obstruction, or closer than 750 mm center to
center between adjacent fixtures. There shall be
403.5 Drinking fountain location.
not less than a 525 mm clearance in front of the
Drinking fountains shall not be required to be water closet, urinal, lavatory or bidet to any
located in individual tenant spaces provided wall, fixture or door. Water closet
that public drinking fountains are located compartments shall be not less than 750 mm in
within a distance of travel of 152 m of the most width and not less than 1500 mm in depth for
remote location in the tenant space and not floor mounted water closets and not less than
more than one story above or below the tenant 750 mm in width and 1400 mm in depth for
space. Where the tenant space is in a covered or wall-hung water closets.
open mall, such distance shall not exceed 91 m.
Drinking fountains shall be located on an 405.3.2 Public lavatories.
accessible route. In employee and public toilet rooms, the
required lavatory shall be located in the same
SECTION 404 ACCESSIBLE room as the required water closet.
PLUMBING FACILITIES
405.3.3 Location of fixtures and piping.
404.1 Where required.
Piping, fixtures or equipment shall not be
Accessible plumbing facilities and fixtures located in such a manner as to interfere with the
shall be provided in accordance with the SBC normal operation of windows, doors or other
201. means of egress openings.
404.2 Accessible fixture requirements.
405.3.4 Water closet compartment.
Accessible plumbing fixtures shall be installed Each water closet utilized by the public or
with the clearances, heights, spacings and employees shall occupy a separate
arrangements in accordance with ICC A117.1. compartment with walls or partitions and a door
404.3 Exposed pipes and surfaces. enclosing the fixtures to ensure privacy.
Water supply and drain pipes under accessible Exceptions:
lavatories and sinks shall be covered or 1 Water closet compartments shall not be
otherwise configured to protect against contact. required in a single-occupant toilet
Pipe coverings shall comply with ASME room with a lockable door.
A112.18.9.
2 Toilet rooms located in child day care
SECTION 405 INSTALLATION OF facilities and containing two or more
FIXTURES water closets shall be permitted to have
405.1 Water supply protection. one water closet without an enclosing
compartment.
The supply lines and fittings for every
plumbing fixture shall be installed so as to

SBC 701-CR-18 40
 CHAPTER 4 FIXTURES, FAUCETS AND FIXTURE FITTINGS

3 This provision is not applicable to toilet Floor flanges of hard lead shall weigh not less
areas located within Group I-3 housing than 0.7 kg and shall be composed of lead alloy
areas. with not less than 7.75-percent antimony by
weight. Closet screws and bolts shall be of
405.3.5 Urinal partitions. brass. Flanges shall be secured to the building
Each urinal utilized by the public or employees structure with corrosion-resistant screws or
shall occupy a separate area with walls or bolts.
partitions to provide privacy. The walls or
partitions shall begin at a height not greater than 405.4.2 Securing floor outlet fixtures.
300 mm from and extend not less than 1500 mm Floor outlet fixtures shall be secured to the floor
above the finished floor surface. The walls or or floor flanges by screws or bolts of corrosion-
partitions shall extend from the wall surface at resistant material.
each side of the urinal not less than 500 mm or
to a point not less than 150 mm beyond the 405.4.3 Securing wall-hung water closet
outermost front lip of the urinal measured from bowls.
the finished backwall surface, whichever is Wall-hung water closet bowls shall be
greater. supported by a concealed metal carrier that is
attached to the building structural members so
Exceptions:
that strain is not transmitted to the closet
1 Urinal partitions shall not be required connector or any other part of the plumbing
in a single-occupant or family/assisted- system. The carrier shall conform to ASME
use toilet room with a lockable door. A112.6.1M or ASME A112.6.2.
2 Toilet rooms located in child day care 405.5 Water-tight joints.
facilities and containing two or more
Joints formed where fixtures come in contact
urinals shall be permitted to have one
with walls or floors shall be sealed.
urinal without partitions.
405.6 Plumbing in mental health centers.
405.4 Floor and wall drainage
connections. In mental health centers, pipes or traps shall not
be exposed, and fixtures shall be bolted through
Connections between the drain and floor outlet
walls.
plumbing fixtures shall be made with a floor
flange or a waste connector and sealing gasket. 405.7 Design of overflows.
The waste connector and sealing gasket joint Where any fixture is provided with an
shall comply with the joint tightness test of overflow, the waste shall be designed and
ASME A112.4.3 and shall be installed in installed so that standing water in the fixture
accordance with the manufacturer’s will not rise in the overflow when the stopper is
instructions. The flange shall be attached to the closed, and no water will remain in the
drain and anchored to the structure. overflow when the fixture is empty.
Connections between the drain and wall-hung
water closets shall be made with an approved 405.7.1 Connection of overflows.
extension nipple or horn adaptor. The water The overflow from any fixture shall discharge
closet shall be bolted to the hanger with into the drainage system on the inlet or fixture
corrosion-resistant bolts or screws. Joints shall side of the trap.
be sealed with an approved elastomeric gasket,
flange-to-fixture connection complying with Exception: The overflow from a flush tank
ASME A112.4.3 or an approved setting serving a water closet or urinal shall discharge
compound. into the fixture served.

405.4.1 Floor flanges. 405.8 Slip joint connections.

Floor flanges for water closets or similar Slip joints shall be made with an approved
fixtures shall be not less than 3.2 mm thick for elastomeric gasket and shall only be installed
brass, 6.4 mm thick for plastic and 6.4 mm thick on the trap outlet, trap inlet and within the trap
and not less than a 50 mm caulking depth for seal. Fixtures with concealed slip-joint
cast iron or galvanized malleable iron. connections shall be provided with an access
panel or utility space not less than 300 mm in

SBC 701-CR-18 41
 CHAPTER 4 FIXTURES, FAUCETS AND FIXTURE FITTINGS

its smallest dimension or other approved Integral fixture fitting mounting surfaces on
arrangement so as to provide access to the slip manufactured plumbing fixtures or plumbing
joint connections for inspection and repair. fixtures constructed on site shall meet the
design requirements of ASME A112.19.2/CSA
405.9 Design and installation of plumbing
B45.1 or ASME A112.19.3/CSA B45.4.
fixtures.
SECTION 406 AUTOMATIC Doors in a bathtub enclosure shall conform to
CLOTHES WASHERS ASME A112.19.15.
406.1 Water connection. SECTION 408 BIDETS
The water supply to an automatic clothes 408.1 Approval.
washer shall be protected against backflow by Bidets shall conform to ASME A112.19.2/
an air gap that is integral with the machine or a CSA B45.1.
backflow preventer shall be installed in
accordance with Section 608. Air gaps shall 408.2 Water connection.
comply with ASME A112.1.2 or A112.1.3. The water supply to a bidet shall be protected
406.2 Waste connection. against backflow by an air gap or backflow
preventer in accordance with Section 608.13.1,
The waste from an automatic clothes washer 608.13.2, 608.13.3, 608.13.5, 608.13.6 or
shall discharge through an air break into a 608.13.8.
standpipe in accordance with Section 802.3.3 or
into a laundry sink. The trap and fixture drain 408.3 Bidet water temperature.
for an automatic clothes washer standpipe shall The discharge water temperature from a bidet
be not less than 50 mm in diameter. The fixture fitting shall be limited to a maximum
drain for the standpipe serving an automatic temperature of 43°C by a water temperature
clothes washer shall connect to a 75 mm or limiting device conforming to ASSE 1070 or
larger diameter fixture branch or stack. CSA B125.3.
Automatic clothes washers that discharge by
gravity shall be permitted to drain to a waste SECTION 409 DISHWASHING
receptor or an approved trench drain. MACHINES
SECTION 407 BATHTUBS 409.1 Approval.
407.1 Approval. Commercial dishwashing machines shall
conform to ASSE 1004 and NSF 3.
Bathtubs shall conform to ASME
A112.19.1/CSA B45.2, ASME 409.2 Water connection.
A112.19.2/CSA B45.1, ASME A112.19.3/ The water supply to a dishwashing machine
CSA B45.4 or CSA B45.5/IAPMO Z124 or shall be protected against backflow by an air
approved equivalent standards. gap that is integral with the machine or a
407.2 Bathtub waste outlets and backflow preventer shall be installed in
overflows. accordance with Section 608. Air gaps shall
comply with ASME A112.1.2 or A112.1.3.
Bathtubs shall be equipped with a waste outlet
and an overflow outlet. The outlets shall be 409.3 Waste connection.
connected to waste tubing or piping not less The waste connection of a dishwashing
than 38 mm in diameter. The waste outlet shall machine shall comply with Section 802.1.6 or
be equipped with a water-tight stopper. 802.1.7, as applicable.
SECTION 410 DRINKING
407.3 Glazing. FOUNTAINS
Windows and doors within a bathtub enclosure
shall conform to the safety glazing
410.1 Approval.
requirements of the SBC 201.
Drinking fountains shall conform to ASME
407.4 Bathtub enclosure.
A112.19.1/CSA B45.2 or ASME

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 CHAPTER 4 FIXTURES, FAUCETS AND FIXTURE FITTINGS

A112.19.2/CSA B45.1 and water coolers shall SECTION 411 EMERGENCY

conform to AHRI 1010. Drinking fountains and SHOWERS AND EYEWASH
water coolers shall conform to NSF 61, Section STATIONS
9. Electrically operated, refrigerated drinking
water coolers shall be listed and labeled in 411.1 Approval.
accordance with UL 399. Emergency showers and eyewash stations shall
410.2 Small occupancies. conform to ISEA Z358.1.
Drinking fountains shall not be required for an 411.2 Waste connection.
occupant load of 15 or fewer. Waste connections shall not be required for
410.3 Provide high and low drinking emergency showers and eyewash stations.
fountains. SECTION 412 FLOOR AND
Where drinking fountains are required, not TRENCH DRAINS
fewer than two drinking fountains shall be
provided. One drinking fountain shall comply
with the requirements for people who use a 412.1 Approval.
wheelchair and one drinking fountain shall Floor drains shall conform to ASME A112.3.1,
comply with the requirements for standing ASME A112.6.3 or CSA B79. Trench drains
persons. shall comply with ASME A112.6.3.
Exception: 412.2 Floor drains.
1 A single drinking fountain with two Floor drains shall have removable strainers.
separate spouts that complies with the The floor drain shall be constructed so that the
requirements for people who use a drain is capable of being cleaned. Access shall
wheelchair and standing persons shall be provided to the drain inlet. Ready access
be permitted to be substituted for two shall be provided to floor drains.
separate drinking fountains.
Exception: Floor drains serving refrigerated
2 Where drinking fountains are primarily display cases shall be provided with access.
for children’s use, the drinking
fountains for people using wheel chairs 412.3 Size of floor drains.
shall be permitted to comply with the Floor drains shall have a drain outlet not less
children’s provisions in ICC A117.1 than 50 mm in diameter.
and drinking fountains for standing
children shall be permitted to provide 412.4 Public laundries and central
the spout at 750 mm minimum above washing facilities.
floor. In public coin-operated laundries and in the
410.4 Substitution. central washing facilities of multiple-family
dwellings, the rooms containing automatic
Where restaurants provide drinking water in a clothes washers shall be provided with floor
container free of charge, drinking fountains drains located to readily drain the entire floor
shall not be required in those restaurants. In area. Such drains shall have an outlet of not less
other occupancies where drinking fountains are than 75 mm in diameter.
required, water dispensers shall be permitted to
be substituted for not more than 50 percent of SECTION 413 FOOD WASTE
the required number of drinking fountains. DISPOSER UNITS
410.5 Prohibited location. 413.1 Approval.
Drinking fountains, water coolers and water Domestic food waste disposers shall conform to
dispensers shall not be installed in public ASSE 1008 and shall be listed and labeled in
restrooms. accordance with UL 430 or ASSE 1009. Food
waste disposers shall not increase the drainage
fixture unit load on the sanitary drainage
system.

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413.2 Domestic food waste disposer waste SECTION 416 LAVATORIES (WASH
outlets. BASINS)
Domestic food waste disposers shall be 416.1 Approval
connected to a drain of not less than 40 mm in
diameter. Lavatories shall conform to ASME
A112.19.1/CSA B45.2, ASME
413.3 Commercial food waste disposer A112.19.2/CSA B45.1, ASME
waste outlets. A112.19.3/CSA B45.4 or CSA B45.5/IAPMO
Commercial food waste disposers shall be Z124. Group wash-up equipment shall conform
connected to a drain not less than 40 mm in to the requirements of Section 402. Every 500
diameter. Commercial food waste disposers mm of rim space shall be considered as one
shall be connected and trapped separately from lavatory (wash basin).
any other fixtures or sink compartments. 416.2 Cultured marble lavatories.
413.4 Water supply required. Cultured marble vanity tops with an integral
Food waste disposers shall be provided with a lavatory shall conform to CSA B45.5/ IAPMO
supply of cold water. The water supply shall be Z124.
protected against backflow by an air gap or 416.3 Lavatory waste outlets.
backflow preventer in accordance with Section
608. Lavatories shall have waste outlets not less than
32 mm in diameter. A strainer, pop-up stopper,
SECTION 414 GARBAGE CAN crossbar or other device shall be provided to
WASHERS restrict the clear opening of the waste outlet.
414.1 Water connection. 416.4 Moveable lavatory systems.
The water supply to a garbage can washer shall Moveable lavatory systems shall comply with
be protected against backflow by an air gap or ASME A112.19.12.
a backflow preventer in accordance with
416.5 Tempered water for public hand-
Section 608.13.1, 608.13.2, 608.13.3, 608.13.5,
washing facilities.
608.13.6 or 608.13.8.
Tempered water shall be delivered from
414.2 Waste connection.
lavatories and group wash fixtures located in
Garbage can washers shall be trapped public toilet facilities provided for customers,
separately. The receptacle receiving the waste patrons and visitors. Tempered water shall be
from the washer shall have a removable basket delivered through an approved water-
or strainer to prevent the discharge of large temperature limiting device that conforms to
particles into the drainage system. ASSE 1070 or CSA B125.3.
SECTION 415 LAUNDRY TRAYS SECTION 417 SHOWERS
415.1 Approval. 417.1 Approval.
Laundry trays shall conform to ASME Prefabricated showers and shower
A112.19.1/CSA B45.2, ASME compartments shall conform to ASME
A112.19.2/CSA B45.1, ASME A112.19.2/CSA B45.1 or CSA B45.5/IAPMO
A112.19.3/CSA B45.4 or CSA B45.5/IAPMO Z124. Shower valves for individual showers
Z124. shall conform to the requirements of Section
424.3.
415.2 Waste outlet.
417.2 Water supply risers.
Each compartment of a laundry tray shall be
provided with a waste outlet not less than 40 Water supply risers from the shower valve to
mm in diameter and a strainer or crossbar to the shower head outlet, whether exposed or
restrict the clear opening of the waste outlet. concealed, shall be attached to the structure.
The attachment to the structure shall be made
by the use of support devices designed for use
with the specific piping material or by fittings

SBC 701-CR-18 44
 CHAPTER 4 FIXTURES, FAUCETS AND FIXTURE FITTINGS

anchored with screws. finished width of not less than 600 mm. Shower
compartments required to be designed in
417.3 Shower waste outlet.
conformance to accessibility provisions shall
Waste outlets serving showers shall be not less comply with Section 404.1.
than 40 mm in diameter and, for other than
417.5 Shower floors or receptors.
waste outlets in bathtubs, shall have removable
strainers not less than 75 mm in diameter with Floor surfaces shall be constructed of
strainer openings not less than 6.4 mm in least impervious, noncorrosive, nonabsorbent and
dimension. Where each shower space is not waterproof materials.
provided with an individual waste outlet, the
waste outlet shall be located and the floor 417.5.1 Support.
pitched so that waste from one shower does not Floors or receptors under shower compartments
flow over the floor area serving another shower. shall be laid on, and supported by, a smooth and
Waste outlets shall be fastened to the waste pipe structurally sound base.
in an approved manner.
417.5.2 Shower lining.
417.4 Shower compartments. Floors under shower compartments, except
Shower compartments shall be not less than where prefabricated receptors have been
0.60 m2 in interior cross sectional area. Shower provided, shall be lined and made water tight
compartments shall be not less than 0.75 m in utilizing material complying with Sections
least dimension as measured from the finished 417.5.2.1 through 417.5.2.6. Such liners shall
interior dimension of the compartment, turn up on all sides not less than 50 mm above
exclusive of fixture valves, showerheads, soap the finished threshold level. Liners shall be
dishes and safety grab bars or rails. Except as recessed and fastened to an approved backing
required in Section 404, the minimum required so as not to occupy the space required for wall
area and dimension shall be measured from the covering, and shall not be nailed or perforated
finished interior dimension at a height equal to at any point less than 25 mm above the finished
the top of the threshold and at a point tangent to threshold. Liners shall be pitched one-fourth
its centerline and shall be continued to a height unit vertical in 12 units horizontal (2-percent
not less than 1.8 m above the shower drain slope) and shall be sloped toward the fixture
outlet. drains and be securely fastened to the waste
outlet at the seepage entrance, making a water-
Exception: Shower compartments having not
tight joint between the liner and the outlet. The
less than 650 mm in minimum dimension
completed liner shall be tested in accordance
measured from the finished interior dimension
with Section 312.9.
of the compartment, provided that the shower
compartment has not less than 0.84 m2 of cross- Exceptions:
sectional area. 1. Floor surfaces under shower heads
417.4.1 Floor and wall area. provided for rinsing laid directly on the
ground are not required to comply with
Bathtub floors, shower floors, wall areas above
this section.
built-in tubs that have installed shower heads
and walls in shower compartments shall be 2. Where a sheet-applied, load-bearing,
constructed of smooth, corrosion-resistant and bonded, waterproof membrane is
nonabsorbent waterproof materials. Wall installed as the shower lining, the
materials shall extend to a height of not less membrane shall not be required to be
than 1850 mm above the room floor level, and recessed.
not less than 1.8 m above the drain of the tub or
shower. Such walls shall form a water-tight 417.5.2.1 PVC sheets.
joint with each other and with either the tub or Plasticized polyvinyl chloride (PVC) sheets
shower floor. shall meet the requirements of ASTM D
4551.Sheets shall be joined by solvent welding
417.4.2 Access. in accordance with the manufacturer’s
The shower compartment access and egress installation instructions.
opening shall have a clear and unobstructed

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 CHAPTER 4 FIXTURES, FAUCETS AND FIXTURE FITTINGS

417.5.2.2 Chlorinated polyethylene (CPE) SECTION 418 SINKS

sheets.
Non plasticized chlorinated polyethylene sheet 418.1 Approval.
shall meet the requirements of ASTM D 4068. Sinks shall conform to ASME A112.19.1/ CSA
The liner shall be joined in accordance with the B45.2, ASME A112.19.2/CSA B45.1, ASME
manufacturer’s installation instructions. A112.19.3/CSA B45.4 or CSA B45.5/IAPMO
Z124.
417.5.2.3 Sheet lead.
Sheet lead shall weigh not less than 19.5 kg per 418.2 Sink waste outlets.
m2 and shall be coated with an asphalt paint or Sinks shall be provided with waste outlets
other approved coating. The lead sheet shall be having a diameter not less than 40 mm. A
insulated from conducting substances other strainer or crossbar shall be provided to restrict
than the connecting drain by 7.0 kg asphalt felt the clear opening of the waste outlet.
or an equivalent. Sheet lead shall be joined by
418.3 Moveable sink systems.
burning.
Moveable sink systems shall comply with
417.5.2.4 Sheet copper. ASME A112.19.12.
Sheet copper shall conform to ASTM B 152
Movable sinks allow the user to adjust the
and shall weigh not less than 3.5 kg per m2. The
elevation of the sink for easier use.
copper sheet shall be insulated from conducting
substances other than the connecting drain by SECTION 419 URINALS
7.0 kg asphalt felt or an equivalent. Sheet
419.1 Approval.
copper shall be joined by brazing or soldering.
Urinals shall conform to ASME A112.19.2/
417.5.2.5 Sheet-applied, load-bearing, CSA B45.1, ASME A112.19.19 or CSA
bonded, waterproof membranes. B45.5/IAPMO Z124. Urinals shall conform to
Sheet-applied, load-bearing, bonded, the water consumption requirements of Section
waterproof membranes shall meet requirements 604.4. Water-supplied urinals shall conform to
of ANSI A118.10 and shall be applied in the hydraulic performance requirements of
accordance with the manufacturer’s installation ASME A112.19.2/CSA B45.1 or CSA
instructions. B45.5/IAPMO Z124.

417.5.2.6 Liquid-type, trowel-applied, 419.2 Substitution for water closets.

load-bearing, bonded waterproof In each bathroom or toilet room, urinals shall
materials. not be substituted for more than 67 percent of
Liquid-type, trowel applied, load-bearing, the required water closets in assembly and
bonded waterproof materials shall meet the educational occupancies. Urinals shall not be
requirements of ANSI A118.10 and shall be substituted for more than 50 percent of the
applied in accordance with the manufacturer’s required water closets in all other occupancies.
instructions.
419.3 Surrounding material.
417.6 Glazing.
Wall and floor space to a point 0.60 m in front
Windows and doors within a shower enclosure of a urinal lip and 1.2 m above the floor and at
shall conform to the safety glazing least 0.6 m to each side of the urinal shall be
requirements of the SBC 201. If a glass or waterproofed with a smooth, readily cleanable,
plastic window or door is installed in a tub/ nonabsorbent material.
shower or shower compartment, the SBC 201
(Section 2406) requires the glazing (the glass or SECTION 420 WATER CLOSETS
plastic) to be of safety glazing materials. This is 420.1 Approval.
required so that if a bather slips or falls and
breaks the glazing, he or she will not be exposed Water closets shall conform to the water
to sharp, broken glazing material. Safety consumption requirements of Section 604.4 and
glazing is made to break into small rounded shall conform to ASME A112.19.2/CSA
pieces that have minimal capacity to severely B45.1, ASME A112.19.3/ CSA B45.4 or CSA
cut human skin B45.5/IAPMO Z124. Water closets shall

SBC 701-CR-18 46
 CHAPTER 4 FIXTURES, FAUCETS AND FIXTURE FITTINGS

conform to the hydraulic performance Access shall be provided to circulation pumps

requirements of ASME A112.19.2/CSA B45.1. in accordance with the fixture or pump
Water closet tanks shall conform to ASME manufacturer’s installation instructions. Where
A112.19.2/CSA B45.1, ASME A112.19.3/ the manufacturer’s instructions do not specify
CSA B45.4 or CSA B45.5/IAPMO Z124. the location and minimum size of field-
Electro-hydraulic water closets shall comply fabricated access openings, an opening not less
with ASME A112.19.2/CSA B45.1. Water than 300 mm by 300 mm shall be installed to
closets equipped with a dual flushing device provide access to the circulation pump. Where
shall comply with ASME A112.19.14. pumps are located more than 600 mm from the
access opening, an opening not less than 450
420.2 Water closets for public or
mm by 450 mm shall be installed. A door or
employee toilet facilities.
panel shall be permitted to close the opening. In
Water closet bowls for public or employee all cases, the access opening shall be
toilet facilities shall be of the elongated type. unobstructed and of the size necessary to permit
420.3 Water closet seats. the removal and replacement of the circulation
pump.
Water closets shall be equipped with seats of
smooth, nonabsorbent material. All seats of 421.6 Whirlpool enclosure.
water closets provided for public or employee Doors within a whirlpool enclosure shall
toilet facilities shall be of the hinged open-front conform to ASME A112.19.15.
type. Integral water closet seats shall be of the
same material as the fixture. Water closet seats SECTION 422 HEALTH CARE
shall be sized for the water closet bowl type. FIXTURES AND EQUIPMENT
420.4 Water closet connections. 422.1 Scope.

A 100 mm by 75 mm closet bend shall be This section shall govern those aspects of health
acceptable. Where a 75 mm bend is utilized on care plumbing systems that differ from
water closets, a 100 mm by 75 mm flange shall plumbing systems in other structures. Health
be installed to receive the fixture horn. care plumbing systems shall conform to the
requirements of this section in addition to the
SECTION 421 WHIRLPOOL other requirements of this code. The provisions
BATHTUBS of this section shall apply to the special devices
421.1 Approval. and equipment installed and maintained in the
following occupancies: nursing homes, homes
Whirlpool bathtubs shall comply with ASME for the aged, orphanages, infirmaries, first aid
A112.19.7/CSA B45.10 and shall be listed and stations, psychiatric facilities, clinics,
labeled in accordance with UL 1795. professional offices of dentists and doctors,
421.2 Installation. mortuaries, educational facilities, surgery,
dentistry, research and testing laboratories,
Whirlpool bathtubs shall be installed and tested establishments manufacturing pharmaceutical
in accordance with the manufacturer’s drugs and medicines and other structures with
instructions. The pump shall be located above similar apparatus and equipment classified as
the weir of the fixture trap. plumbing.
421.3 Drain. 422.2 Approval.
The pump drain and circulation piping shall be All special plumbing fixtures, equipment,
sloped to drain the water in the volute and the devices and apparatus shall be of an approved
circulation piping when the whirlpool bathtub type.
is empty.
422.3 Protection.
421.4 Suction fittings.
All devices, appurtenances, appliances and
Suction fittings for whirlpool bathtubs shall apparatus intended to serve some special
comply with ASME A112.19.7/CSA B45.10. function, such as sterilization, distillation,
421.5 Access to pump. processing, cooling, or storage of ice or foods,
and that connect to either the water supply or

SBC 701-CR-18 47
 CHAPTER 4 FIXTURES, FAUCETS AND FIXTURE FITTINGS

drainage system, shall be provided with Access for the purposes of inspection and
protection against backflow, flooding, fouling, maintenance shall be provided to all sterilizer
contamination of the water supply system and piping and devices necessary for the operation
stoppage of the drain. of sterilizers.
422.4 Materials. 422.9.2 Steam supply.
Fixtures designed for therapy, special cleansing Steam supplies to sterilizers, including those
or disposal of waste materials, combinations of connected by pipes from overhead mains or
such purposes, or any other special purpose, branches, shall be drained to prevent any
shall be of smooth, impervious, corrosion- moisture from reaching the sterilizer. The
resistant materials and, where subjected to condensate drainage from the steam supply
temperatures in excess of 82°C, shall be shall be discharged by gravity.
capable of withstanding, without damage,
higher temperatures. 422.9.3 Steam condensate return.
Steam condensate returns from sterilizers shall
422.5 Access.
be a gravity return system.
Access shall be provided to concealed piping in
connection with special fixtures where such 422.9.4 Condensers.
piping contains steam traps, valves, relief Pressure sterilizers shall be equipped with a
valves, check valves, vacuum breakers or other means of condensing and cooling the exhaust
similar items that require periodic inspection, steam vapors. Non-pressure sterilizers shall be
servicing, maintenance or repair. Access shall equipped with a device that will automatically
be provided to concealed piping that requires control the vapor, confining the vapors within
periodic inspection, maintenance or repair. the vessel.
422.6 Clinical sink. 422.10 Special elevations.
A clinical sink shall have an integral trap in Control valves, vacuum outlets and devices
which the upper portion of a visible trap seal protruding from a wall of an operating,
provides a water surface. The fixture shall be emergency, recovery, examining or delivery
designed so as to permit complete removal of room, or in a corridor or other location where
the contents by siphonic or blowout action and patients are transported on a wheeled stretcher,
to reseal the trap. A flushing rim shall provide shall be located at an elevation that prevents
water to cleanse the interior surface. The fixture bumping the patient or stretcher against the
shall have the flushing and cleansing device.
characteristics of a water closet.
SECTION 423 SPECIALTY
422.7 Prohibited usage of clinical sinks PLUMBING FIXTURES
and service sinks.
423.1 Water connections.
A clinical sink serving a soiled utility room
shall not be considered as a substitute for, or be Baptisteries, ornamental and lily pools,
utilized as, a service sink. A service sink shall aquariums, ornamental fountain basins,
not be utilized for the disposal of urine, fecal swimming pools, and similar constructions,
matter or other human waste. where provided with water supplies, shall be
protected against backflow in accordance with
422.8 Ice prohibited in soiled utility room. Section 608.
Machines for manufacturing ice, or any device 423.2 Approval.
for the handling or storage of ice, shall not be
located in a soiled utility room. Specialties requiring water and waste
connections shall be submitted for approval.
422.9 Sterilizer equipment requirements.
423.3 Footbaths, pedicure baths and head
The approval and installation of all sterilizers shampoo sinks.
shall conform to the requirements of the SBC
501. The water supplied to specialty plumbing
fixtures, such as pedicure chairs having an
422.9.1 Sterilizer piping. integral foot bathtub, footbaths, and head

SBC 701-CR-18 48
 CHAPTER 4 FIXTURES, FAUCETS AND FIXTURE FITTINGS

shampoo sinks, shall be limited to a maximum

temperature of 49°C by a water temperature
424.5 Bathtub and whirlpool bathtub
limiting device that conforms to ASSE 1070 or
valves.
CSA B125.3.
The hot water supplied to bathtubs and
SECTION 424 FAUCETS AND whirlpool bathtubs shall be limited to a
OTHER FIXTURE FITTINGS maximum temperature of 50°C by a water-
424.1 Approval. temperature limiting device that conforms to
ASSE 1070 or CSA B125.3, except where such
Faucets and fixture fittings shall conform to protection is otherwise provided by a
ASME A112.18.1/CSA B125.1. Faucets and combination tub/shower valve in accordance
fixture fittings that supply drinking water for with Section 424.3.
human ingestion shall conform to the
requirements of NSF 61, Section 9. Flexible 424.6 Hose-connected outlets.
water connectors exposed to continuous Faucets and fixture fittings with hose-
pressure shall conform to the requirements of connected outlets shall conform to ASME
Section 605.6. A112.18.3 or ASME A112.18.1/CSA B125.1.
424.1.1 Faucets and supply fittings. 424.7 Temperature-actuated, flow
Faucets and supply fittings shall conform to the reduction valves for individual fixture
water consumption requirements of Section fittings.
604.4. Temperature-actuated, flow reduction devices,
424.1.2 Waste fittings. where installed for individual fixture fittings,
shall conform to ASSE 1062. Such valves shall
Waste fittings shall conform to ASME not be used alone as a substitute for the
A112.18.2/CSA B125.2, ASTM F 409 or to one balanced-pressure, thermostatic or combination
of the standards listed in Tables 702.1 and shower valves required in Section 424.3.
702.4 for above-ground drainage and vent pipe
and fittings. 424.8 Transfer valves.
424.2 Hand showers. Deck-mounted bath/shower transfer valves
containing an integral atmospheric vacuum
Hand-held showers shall conform to ASME breaker shall conform to the requirements of
A112.18.1/CSA B125.1. Hand-held showers ASME A112.18.1/CSA B125.1.
shall provide backflow protection in
accordance with ASME A112.18.1/CSA 424.9 Water closet personal hygiene
B125.1 or shall be protected against backflow devices.
by a device complying with ASME A112.18.3. Personal hygiene devices integral to water
424.3 Individual shower valves. closets or water closet seats shall conform to the
requirements of ASME A112.4.2.
Individual shower and tub-shower combination
valves shall be balanced-pressure, thermostatic SECTION 425 FLUSHING DEVICES
or combination balanced-pressure/thermostatic FOR WATER CLOSETS AND
valves that conform to the requirements of URINALS
ASSE 1016/ ASME A112.1016/CSA B125.16
or ASME A112.18.1/CSA B125.1 and shall be 425.1 Flushing devices required.
installed at the point of use. Shower and tub- Each water closet, urinal, clinical sink and any
shower combination valves required by this plumbing fixture that depends on trap
section shall be equipped with a means to limit siphonage to discharge the fixture contents to
the maximum setting of the valve to 50°C, the drainage system shall be provided with a
which shall be field adjusted in accordance with flushometer valve, flushometer tank or a flush
the manufacturer’s instructions. In-line tank designed and installed to supply water in
thermostatic valves shall not be utilized for quantity and rate of flow to flush the contents
compliance with this section. of the fixture, cleanse the fixture and refill the
424.4 Reserved for numbering sequence fixture trap.
425.1.1 Separate for each fixture.

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 CHAPTER 4 FIXTURES, FAUCETS AND FIXTURE FITTINGS

A flushing device shall not serve more than one 425.3.2 Overflows in flush tanks.
fixture. Flush tanks shall be provided with overflows
425.2 Flushometer valves and tanks. discharging to the water closet or urinal
connected thereto and shall be sized to prevent
Flushometer valves and tanks shall comply flooding the tank at the maximum rate at which
with ASSE 1037 or CSA B125.3. Vacuum the tanks are supplied with water according to
breakers on flushometer valves shall conform the manufacturer’s design conditions. The
to the performance requirements of ASSE 1001 opening of the overflow pipe shall be located
or CSA B64.1.1. Access shall be provided to above the flood level rim of the water closet or
vacuum breakers. Flushometer valves shall be urinal or above a secondary overflow in the
of the water conservation type and shall not be flush tank.
used where the water pressure is lower than the
minimum required for normal operation. When 425.3.3 Sheet copper.
operated, the valve shall automatically Sheet copper utilized for flush tank linings shall
complete the cycle of operation, opening fully conform to ASTM B 152 and shall not weigh
and closing positively under the water supply less than 3.05 kg per m2.
pressure. Each flushometer valve shall be
provided with a means for regulating the flow 425.3.4 Access required.
through the valve. The trap seal to the fixture All parts in a flush tank shall be accessible for
shall be automatically refilled after each repair and replacement.
flushing cycle.
425.4 Flush pipes and fittings.
425.3 Flush tanks.
Flush pipes and fittings shall be of nonferrous
Flush tanks equipped for manual flushing shall material and shall conform to ASME
be controlled by a device designed to refill the A112.19.5/CSA B45.15.
tank after each discharge and to shut off
completely the water flow to the tank when the SECTION 426 MANUAL FOOD AND
tank is filled to operational capacity. The trap BEVERAGE DISPENSING
seal to the fixture shall be automatically refilled EQUIPMENT
after each flushing. The water supply to flush 426.1 Approval.
tanks equipped for automatic flushing shall be
controlled with a timing device or sensor Manual food and beverage dispensing
control devices. equipment shall conform to the requirements of
NSF 18.
425.3.1 Fill valves.
SECTION 427 FLOOR SINKS
Flush tanks shall be equipped with an anti-
siphon fill valve conforming to ASSE 1002 or 427.1 Approval.
CSA B125.3. The fill valve backflow preventer
Sanitary floor sinks shall conform to the
shall be located not less than 25 mm above the
requirements of ASME A112.6.7.
full opening of the overflow pipe.

SBC 701-CR-18 50
 CHAPTER 5 WATER HEATERS

WATER HEATERS

allowable working pressure clearly and

SECTION 501 GENERAL indelibly stamped in the metal or marked on a
501.1 Scope. plate welded thereto or otherwise permanently
attached. Such markings shall be in an
The provisions of this chapter shall govern the
accessible position outside of the tank so as to
materials, design and installation of water
make inspection or re-inspection readily
heaters and the related safety devices and
possible.
appurtenances.
501.8 Temperature controls.
501.2 Water heater as space heater.
Hot water supply systems shall be equipped
Where a combination potable water heating and
with automatic temperature controls capable of
space heating system requires water for space
adjustments from the lowest to the highest
heating at temperatures greater than 60°C, a
acceptable temperature settings for the intended
master thermostatic mixing valve complying
temperature operating range.
with ASSE 1017 shall be provided to limit the
water supplied to the potable hot water SECTION 502 INSTALLATION
distribution system to a temperature of 60°C or
502.1 General.
less. The potability of the water shall be
maintained throughout the system. Water heaters shall be installed in accordance
with the manufacturer’s instructions. Oil-fired
501.3 Drain valves.
water heaters shall conform to the requirements
Drain valves for emptying shall be installed at of this code and the SBC 501. Electric water
the bottom of each tank-type water heater and heaters shall conform to the requirements of
hot water storage tank. The drain valve inlet this code and provisions of SBC 401. Gas-fired
shall be not less than 19 mm nominal iron pipe water heaters shall conform to the requirements
size and the outlet shall be provided with male of the Saudi Fuel Gas Code SBC 1201.
garden hose threads.
502.1.1 Elevation and protection.
501.4 Location.
Elevation of water heater ignition sources and
Water heaters and storage tanks shall be located mechanical damage protection requirements for
and connected so as to provide access for water heaters shall be in accordance with the
observation, maintenance, servicing and SBC 501 and the SBC 1201.
replacement.
502.2 Rooms used as a plenum.
501.5 Water heater labeling.
Water heaters using solid, liquid or gas fuel
All water heaters shall be third-party certified. shall not be installed in a room containing air-
501.6 Water temperature control in handling machinery where such room is used as
piping from tankless heaters. a plenum.

The temperature of water from tankless water 502.3 Water heaters installed in attics.
heaters shall be not greater than 60°C where Attics containing a water heater shall be
intended for domestic uses. This provision shall provided with an opening and unobstructed
not supersede the requirement for protective passageway large enough to allow removal of
shower valves in accordance with Section the water heater. The passageway shall be not
424.3. less than 750 mm in height and 550 mm in
width and not more than 6000 mm in length
501.7 Pressure marking of storage tanks.
when measured along the centerline of the
Storage tanks and water heaters installed for passageway from the opening to the water
domestic hot water shall have the maximum heater. The passageway shall have continuous

SBC 701-CR-18 51
 CHAPTER 5 WATER HEATERS

solid flooring not less than 600 mm in width. A An approved means, such as a cold water “dip”
level service space not less than 750 mm in tube with a hole at the top or a vacuum relief
length and 750 mm in width shall be present at valve installed in the cold water supply line
the front or service side of the water heater. The above the top of the heater or tank, shall be
clear access opening dimensions shall be not provided to prevent siphoning of any storage
less than 500 mm by 750 mm where such water heater or tank.
dimensions are large enough to allow removal
504.2 Vacuum relief valve.
of the water heater.
Bottom fed water heaters and bottom fed tanks
502.4 Seismic supports.
connected to water heaters shall have a vacuum
Where earthquake loads are applicable in relief valve installed. The vacuum relief valve
accordance with the SBC 201, water heater shall comply with ANSI Z21.22.
supports shall be designed and installed for the
504.3 Shutdown.
seismic forces in accordance with the SBC 201
and SBC 301. A means for disconnecting an electric hot water
supply system from its energy supply shall be
502.5 Clearances for maintenance and
provided in accordance with NFPA 70. A
replacement.
separate valve shall be provided to shut off the
Appliances shall be provided with access for energy fuel supply to all other types of hot
inspection, service, repair and replacement water supply systems.
without disabling the function of a fire-
504.4 Relief valve.
resistance-rated assembly or removing
permanent construction, other appliances or Storage water heaters operating above
any other piping or ducts not connected to the atmospheric pressure shall be provided with an
appliance being inspected, serviced, repaired or approved, self-closing (levered) pressure relief
replaced. A level working space not less than valve and temperature relief valve or
750 mm in length and 750 mm in width shall be combination thereof. The relief valve shall
provided in front of the control side to service conform to ANSI Z21.22. The relief valve shall
an appliance. not be used as a means of controlling thermal
expansion.
SECTION 503 CONNECTIONS
503.1 Cold water line valve. 504.4.1 Installation.
Such valves shall be installed in the shell of the
The cold water branch line from the main water water heater tank. Temperature relief valves
supply line to each hot water storage tank or shall be so located in the tank as to be actuated
water heater shall be provided with a valve, by the water in the top 150 mm of the tank
located near the equipment and serving only the served. For installations with separate storage
hot water storage tank or water heater. The tanks, the approved, self-closing (levered)
valve shall not interfere or cause a disruption of pressure relief valve and temperature relief
the cold water supply to the remainder of the valve or combination thereof conforming to
cold water system. The valve shall be provided ANSI Z21.22 valves shall be installed on both
with access on the same floor level as the water the storage water heater and storage tank. There
heater served. shall not be a check valve or shutoff valve
503.2 Water circulation. between a relief valve and the heater or tank
served.
The method of connecting a circulating water
heater to the tank shall provide proper 504.5 Relief valve approval.
circulation of water through the water heater. Temperature and pressure relief valves, or
The pipe or tubes required for the installation of combinations thereof, and energy cutoff
appliances that will draw from the water heater devices shall bear the label of an approved
or storage tank shall comply with the provisions agency and shall have a temperature setting of
of this code for material and installation. not more than 99°C and a pressure setting not
SECTION 504 SAFETY DEVICES exceeding the tank or water heater
manufacturer’s rated working pressure or 1035
504.1 Antisiphon devices. kPa, whichever is less. The relieving capacity

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of each pressure relief valve and each 12 Not have valves or tee fittings.
temperature relief valve shall equal or exceed
13 Be constructed of those materials listed
the heat input to the water heater or storage
in Section 605.4 or materials tested,
tank.
rated and approved for such use in
504.6 Requirements for discharge piping. accordance with ASME A112.4.1.
The discharge piping serving a pressure relief 504.7 Required pan.
valve, temperature relief valve or combination
Where a storage tank-type water heater or a hot
thereof shall:
water storage tank is installed in a location
1 Not be directly connected to the where water leakage from the tank will cause
drainage system. damage, the tank shall be installed in a
galvanized steel pan having a material
2 Discharge through an air gap located in
thickness of not less than 0.60 mm (No. 24
the same room as the water heater.
gage), or other pans approved for such use.
3 Not be smaller than the diameter of the
outlet of the valve served and shall 504.7.1 Pan size and drain.
discharge full size to the air gap. The pan shall be not less than 38 mm in depth
and shall be of sufficient size and shape to
4 Serve a single relief device and shall
receive all dripping or condensate from the tank
not connect to piping serving any other
or water heater. The pan shall be drained by an
relief device or equipment.
indirect waste pipe having a diameter of not less
5 Discharge to the floor, to the pan than 19 mm. Piping for safety pan drains shall
serving the water heater or storage be of those materials listed in Table 605.4.
tank, to a waste receptor or to the
outdoors. 504.7.2 Pan drain termination.
The pan drain shall extend full size and
6 Discharge in a manner that does not
terminate over a suitably located indirect waste
cause personal injury or structural
receptor or floor drain or extend to the exterior
damage.
of the building and terminate not less than 150
7 Discharge to a termination point that is mm and not more than 600 mm above the
readily observable by the building adjacent ground surface. Where a pan drain was
occupants. not previously installed, a pan drain shall not be
8 Not be trapped. required for a replacement water heater
installation.
9 Be installed so as to flow by gravity.
SECTION 505 INSULATION
10 Terminate not more than 150 mm
above and not less than two times the 505.1 Unfired vessel insulation.
discharge pipe diameter above the floor Unfired hot water storage tanks shall be
or flood level rim of the waste receptor. insulated to R-2.2 (m2 · K/W).
11 Not have a threaded connection at the
end of such piping.

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WATER SUPPLY AND DISTRIBUTION

available, individual sources of potable water
SECTION 601 GENERAL supply shall be utilized.
601.1 Scope.
602.3.1 Sources.
This chapter shall govern the materials, design and Dependent on geological and soil conditions and
installation of water supply systems, both hot and the amount of rainfall, individual water supplies are
cold, for utilization in connection with human of the following types: drilled well, driven well, dug
occupancy and habitation and shall govern the well, bored well, spring, stream or cistern. Surface
installation of individual water supply systems. bodies of water and land cisterns shall not be
601.2 Solar energy utilization. sources of individual water supply unless properly
treated by approved means to prevent
Solar energy systems used for heating potable water
contamination.
or using an independent medium for heating potable
water shall comply with the applicable 602.3.2 Minimum quantity.
requirements of this code. The use of solar energy The combined capacity of the source and storage in
shall not compromise the requirements for cross an individual water supply system shall supply the
connection or protection of the potable water supply fixtures with water at rates and pressures as required
system required by this code. by this chapter.
601.3 Existing piping used for grounding.
602.3.3 Water quality.
Existing metallic water service piping used for Water from an individual water supply shall be
electrical grounding shall not be replaced with approved as potable by the authority having
nonmetallic pipe or tubing until other approved jurisdiction prior to connection to the plumbing
means of grounding is provided. system.
601.4 Tests.
602.3.4 Disinfection of system.
The potable water distribution system shall be After construction, the individual water supply
tested in accordance with Section 312.5. system shall be purged of deleterious matter and
601.5 Rehabilitation of piping systems. disinfected in accordance with Section 610.
Where pressure piping systems are rehabilitated 602.3.5 Pumps.
using an epoxy lining system, such lining system Pumps shall be rated for the transport of potable
shall comply with ASTM F 2831. water. Pumps in an individual water supply system
SECTION 602 WATER REQUIRED shall be constructed and installed so as to prevent
contamination from entering a potable water supply
602.1 General. through the pump units. Pumps shall be sealed to
Structures equipped with plumbing fixtures and the well casing or covered with a water-tight seal.
utilized for human occupancy or habitation shall be Pumps shall be designed to maintain a prime and
provided with a potable supply of water in the installed such that ready access is provided to the
amounts and at the pressures specified in this pump parts of the entire assembly for repairs.
chapter
602.3.5.1 Pump enclosure.
602.2 Potable water required. The pump room or enclosure around a well pump
Only potable water shall be supplied to plumbing shall be drained and protected from freezing by
fixtures that provide water for drinking, bathing or heating or other approved means. Where pumps are
culinary purposes, or for the processing of food, installed in basements, such pumps shall be
medical or pharmaceutical products. Unless mounted on a block or shelf not less than 500 mm
otherwise provided in this code, potable water shall above the basement floor. Well pits shall be
be supplied to all plumbing fixtures. prohibited.
602.3 Individual water supply. SECTION 603 WATER SERVICE
Where a potable public water supply is not 603.1 Size of water service pipe.

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The water service pipe shall be sized to supply fixtures, appliances or devices, provisions shall be
water to the structure in the quantities and at the made to prevent flow between such piping systems.
pressures required in this code. The water service
604.3 Water distribution system design
pipe shall be not less than 20 mm in diameter.
criteria.
603.2 Separation of water service and
The water distribution system shall be designed,
building sewer.
and pipe sizes shall be selected such that under
Where water service piping is located in the same conditions of peak demand, the capacities at the
trench with the building sewer, such sewer shall be fixture supply pipe outlets shall be not less than
constructed of materials listed in Table 702.2. shown in Table 604.3. The minimum flow rate and
Where the building sewer piping is not constructed flow pressure provided to fixtures and appliances
of materials listed in Table 702.2, the water service not listed in Table 604.3 shall be in accordance with
pipe and the building sewer shall be horizontally the manufacturer’s installation instructions.
separated by not less than 1500 mm of undisturbed
604.4 Maximum flow and water consumption.
or compacted earth. The required separation
distance shall not apply where a water service pipe The maximum water consumption flow rates and
crosses a sewer pipe, provided the water service is quantities for all plumbing fixtures and fixture
sleeved to a point not less than 1500 mm fittings shall be in accordance with Table 604.4.
horizontally from the sewer pipe centerline on both Exceptions:
sides of such crossing. The sleeve shall be of pipe
materials listed in Table 605.3, 702.2 or 702.3. The 1 Vegetable sprays.
required separation distance shall not apply where 2 Clinical sinks having a water consumption
the bottom of the water service pipe, located within not greater than 17 L per flushing cycle.
1500 mm of the sewer, is not less than 300 mm
above the highest point of the top of the building 3 Service sinks.
sewer. 4 Emergency showers.
603.2.1 Water service near sources of
pollution.
604.5 Size of fixture supply.
Potable water service pipes shall not be located in,
under or above cesspools, septic tanks, septic tank The minimum size of a fixture supply pipe shall be
drainage fields or seepage pits (see Section 605.1 as shown in Table 604.5. The fixture supply pipe
for soil and ground water conditions). shall terminate not more than 800 mm from the
point of connection to the fixture. A reduced size
SECTION 604 DESIGN OF BUILDING flexible water connector installed between the
WATER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM supply pipe and the fixture shall be of an approved
604.1 General. type. The supply pipe shall extend to the floor or
wall adjacent to the fixture. The minimum size of
The design of the water distribution system shall individual distribution lines utilized in gridded or
conform to accepted engineering practice. Methods parallel water distribution systems shall be as
utilized to determine pipe sizes shall be approved. shown in Table 604.5.
604.2 System interconnection.
At the points of interconnection between the hot and
cold water supply piping systems and the individual

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TABLE 604.3 WATER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM DESIGN CRITERIA REQUIRED

CAPACITY AT FIXTURE SUPPLY PIPE OUTLETS
FLOW RATEa FLOW PRESSURE
FIXTURE SUPPLY OUTLET SERVING
(L/min) (kPa)
Bathtub, balanced-pressure, thermostatic
or combination balanced- 15 138
pressure/thermostatic mixing valve
Bidet, thermostatic mixing valve 7.5 138
Combination fixture 15 55
Dishwasher, residential 10 55
Drinking fountain 3.0 55
Laundry tray 15 55
Lavatory, private 3.0 55
Lavatory, private, mixing valve 3.0 55
Lavatory, public 1.5 55
Shower 9.5 55
Shower, balanced-pressure, thermostatic
or combination balanced- 9.5b 138
pressure/thermostatic mixing valve
Sillcock, hose bibb 20 55
Sink, residential 6.5 55
Sink, service 12 55
Urinal, valve 45 170
Water closet, blow out, flushometer valve 95 310
Water closet, flushometer tank 6.0 138
Water closet, siphonic, flushometer valve 95 240
Water closet, tank, close coupled 12 138
Water closet, tank, one piece 22 138
a. For additional requirements for flow rates and quantities, see Section 604.4.
b. Where the shower mixing valve manufacturer indicates a lower flow rating for the mixing valve, the lower
value shall be applied.

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Table 604.4 Maximum Flow Rates and Consumption for Plumbing Fixtures and Fixture
Fittings
PLUMBING FIXTURE MAXIMUM FLOW RATE OR
OR FIXTURE FITTING QUANTITYb
Lavatory (wash-basin), private 6 L/min at 415 kPa
Lavatory (wash-basin), public (metering) 1 L per metering cycle
Lavatory (wash-basin), public (other than metering) 2 L/min at 415 kPa
Shower heada 9.5 L/min at 550 kPa
Sink faucet 6 L/min at 415 kPa
Urinal 1 L per flushing cycle
3.0+0.5 L per
S trap
Single flushing cycle
flush 4.0+0.5 L per
P trap
flushing cycle
3.0+0.5 L per
flushing cycle as
Water closet S trap
calculated by
Dual (f+(5xl))/6
flush 4.0+0.5 L per
flushing cycle as
P trap
calculated by
(f+(5xl))/6
a. A hand-held shower spray is a shower head.
b. Consumption tolerances shall be determined from referenced standards.

Table 604.5 Minimum Sizes of Fixture Water Supply Pipes

FIXTURE MINIMUM PIPE SIZE (mm)
a
Bathtubs (1.5 m × 0.8 m) and smaller 13
Bathtubsa (larger than 1.5 m × 0.8 m) 13
Bidet 10
Combination sink and tray 13
Dishwasher, domestica 13
Drinking fountain 10
Hose bibbs 13
a
Kitchen sink 13
Laundry, 1, 2 or 3 compartmentsa 13
Lavatory 10
a
Shower, single head 13
Sinks, flushing rim 20
Sinks, service 13
Urinal, flush tank 13
Urinal, flushometer valve 20
Wall hydrant 13
Water closet, flush tank 10
Water closet, flushometer tank 10
Water closet, flushometer valve 25
Water closet, one piecea 13
a. Where the developed length of the distribution line is 15,000 mm or less, and the available pressure at the
meter is 240 kPa or greater, the minimum size of an individual distribution line supplied from a manifold
and installed as part of a parallel water distribution system shall be one nominal tube size smaller than the
sizes indicated.

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604.8.2 Repair and removal.

604.6 Variable street pressures.
Water pressure-reducing valves, regulators and
Where street water main pressures fluctuate, the strainers shall be so constructed and installed as
building water distribution system shall be to permit repair or removal of parts without
designed for the minimum pressure available. breaking a pipeline or removing the valve and
604.7 Inadequate water pressure. strainer from the pipeline.
Wherever water pressure from the street main 604.9 Water hammer.
or other source of supply is insufficient to The flow velocity of the water distribution
provide flow pressures at fixture outlets as system shall be controlled to reduce the
required under Table 604.3, a water pressure possibility of water hammer. A water-hammer
booster system conforming to Section 606.5 arrestor shall be installed where quick-closing
shall be installed on the building water supply valves are utilized. Water-hammer arrestors
system. shall be installed in accordance with the
604.8 Water pressure-reducing valve or manufacturer’s instructions. Water-hammer
regulator. arrestors shall conform to ASSE 1010.
Where water pressure within a building exceeds 604.10 Gridded and parallel water
550 kPa static, an approved water pressure- distribution system manifolds.
reducing valve conforming to ASSE 1003 or Hot water and cold water manifolds installed
CSA B356 with strainer shall be installed to with gridded or parallel connected individual
reduce the pressure in the building water distribution lines to each fixture or fixture
distribution piping to not greater than 550 kPa fitting shall be designed in accordance with
static. Sections 604.10.1 through 604.10.3.
Exception: Service lines to sill cocks and
604.10.1 Manifold sizing.
outside hydrants, and main supply risers where
pressure from the mains is reduced to 550 kPa Hot water and cold water manifolds shall be
or less at individual fixtures. sized in accordance with Table 604.10.1. The
total liters per minute is the demand of all
604.8.1 Valve design. outlets supplied.
The pressure-reducing valve shall be designed
to remain open to permit uninterrupted water
flow in case of valve failure.
TABLE 604.10.1 Manifold Sizing

NOMINAL SIZE MAXIMUM DEMAND (L/min)

INTERNAL DIAMETER
(mm) Velocity at 1.2 m/sec Velocity at 2.4 m/sec
15 7.5 19
20 23 42
25 38 76
32 57 117
40 83 167

integral factory- or field-installed valves.

604.10.2 Valves.
604.11 Individual pressure balancing in-
Individual fixture shutoff valves installed at the
line valves for individual fixture fittings.
manifold shall be identified as to the fixture
being supplied. Where individual pressure balancing in-line
valves for individual fixture fittings are
604.10.3 Access. installed, such valves shall comply with ASSE
Access shall be provided to manifolds with 1066. Such valves shall be installed in an

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accessible location and shall not be utilized Water service pipe shall conform to NSF 61 and
alone as a substitute for the balanced pressure, shall conform to one of the standards listed in
thermostatic or combination shower valves Table 605.3. Water service pipe or tubing,
required in Section 424.3. installed underground and outside of the
structure, shall have a working pressure rating
SECTION 605 of not less than 1100 kPa at 25ºC. Where the
MATERIALS, JOINTS AND water pressure exceeds 1100 kPa, piping
CONNECTIONS material shall have a working pressure rating
605.1 Soil and ground water. not less than the highest available pressure.
Water service piping materials not third-party
The installation of a water service or water certified for water distribution shall terminate at
distribution pipe shall be prohibited in soil and or before the full open valve located at the
ground water contaminated with solvents, entrance to the structure. Ductile iron water
fuels, organic compounds or other detrimental service piping shall be cement mortar lined in
materials causing permeation, corrosion, accordance with AWWA C104.
degradation or structural failure of the piping
material. Where detrimental conditions are 605.3.1 Dual check-valve-type backflow
suspected, a chemical analysis of the soil and preventer.
ground water conditions shall be required to Dual check-valve backflow preventers installed
ascertain the acceptability of the water service on the water supply system shall comply with
or water distribution piping material for the ASSE 1024 or CSA B64.6.
specific installation. Where detrimental
conditions exist, approved alternative materials 605.4 Water distribution pipe.
or routing shall be required. Water distribution pipe shall conform to NSF
605.2 Lead content of water supply pipe 61 and shall conform to one of the standards
and fittings. listed in Table 605.4. Hot water distribution
pipe and tubing shall have a pressure rating of
Pipe and pipe fittings, including valves and not less than 700 kPa at 80ºC.
faucets, utilized in the water supply system
shall have not more than 8-percent lead content. 605.5 Fittings.
Pipe fittings shall be approved for installation
605.2.1 Lead content of drinking water
with the piping material installed and shall
pipe and fittings.
comply with the applicable standards listed in
Pipe, pipe fittings, joints, valves, faucets and Table 605.5. Pipe fittings utilized in water
fixture fittings utilized to supply water for supply systems shall also comply with NSF 61.
drinking or cooking purposes shall comply with Ductile and gray iron pipe and pipe fittings
NSF 372 and shall have a weighted average utilized in water service piping systems shall be
lead content of 0.25 percent or less. cement mortar lined in accordance with
605.3 Water service pipe. AWWA C104.

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TABLE 605.3 Water Service Pipe

MATERIAL STANDARD
Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) plastic pipe ASTM D 1527; ASTM D 2282
Brass pipe ASTM B 43
ASTM D 2846; ASTM F 441; ASTM F
Chlorinated polyvinyl chloride (CPVC) plastic pipe
442; CSA B137.6
Chlorinated polyvinyl chloride/aluminum/chlorinated
polyvinyl chloride ASTM F 2855
(CPVC/AL/CPVC)
Copper or copper-alloy pipe ASTM B 42; ASTM B 302
Copper or copper-alloy tubing (Type K, WK, L, WL, ASTM B 75; ASTM B 88; ASTM B
M or WM) 251; ASTM B 447
Cross-linked polyethylene (PEX) plastic pipe and ASTM F 876; ASTM F 877; AWWA
tubing C904; CSA B137.5
Cross-linked polyethylene/aluminum/cross-linked ASTM F 1281; ASTM F 2262; CSA
polyethylene (PEX-AL- PEX) pipe B137.10
Cross-linked polyethylene/aluminum/high-density
polyethylene ASTM F 1986
(PEX-AL-HDPE)
AWWA C151/A21.51; AWWA
Ductile iron water pipe
C115/A21.15
Galvanized steel pipe ASTM A 53
ASTM D 2239; ASTM D 3035; AWWA
Polyethylene (PE) plastic pipe
C901; CSA B137.11
ASTM D 2737; AWWA C901; CSA
Polyethylene (PE) plastic tubing
B137.1
Polyethylene/aluminum/polethylene (PE-AL-PE)
ASTM F 1282; CSA B137.9
pipe
Polyethylene of raised temperature (PE-RT) plastic
ASTM F 2769
tubing
Polypropylene (PP) plastic pipe or tubing ASTM F 2389; CSA B137.11
ASTM D 1785; ASTM D 2241; ASTM
Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) plastic pipe
D 2672; CSA B137.3
Stainless steel pipe (Type 304/304L) ASTM A 312; ASTM A 778
Stainless steel pipe (Type 316/316L) ASTM A 312; ASTM A 778

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TABLE 605.4 WATER DISTRIBUTION PIPE

MATERIAL STANDARD
Brass pipe ASTM B 43
Chlorinated polyvinyl chloride (CPVC) plastic ASTM D 2846; ASTM F 441; ASTM F
pipe and tubing 442; CSA B137.6
Chlorinated polyvinyl
chloride/aluminum/chlorinated polyvinyl chloride ASTM F 2855
(CPVC/AL/CPVC)
Copper or copper-alloy pipe ASTM B 42; ASTM B 302
Copper or copper-alloy tubing (Type K, WK, L, ASTM B 75; ASTM B 88; ASTM B 251;
WL, M or WM) ASTM B 447
ASTM F 876; ASTM F 877; CSA
Cross-linked polyethylene (PEX) plastic tubing
B137.5
Cross-linked polyethylene/aluminum/cross-
ASTM F 1281; ASTM F 2262; CSA
linked polyethylene
B137.10
(PEX-AL-PEX) pipe
Cross-linked polyethylene/aluminum/high-
density polyethylene ASTM F 1986; CAN/CSA B137.10M
(PEX-AL-HDPE)
AWWA C151/A21.51; AWWA
Ductile iron pipe
C115/A21.15
Galvanized steel pipe ASTM A 53
Polyethylene/aluminum/polyethylene (PE-AL-
ASTM F 1282; CAN/CSA-B137.9
PE) composite pipe
Polyethylene of raised temperature (PE-RT)
ASTM F 2769
plastic tubing
Polypropylene (PP) plastic pipe or tubing ASTM F 2389; CSA B137.11
Stainless steel pipe (Type 304/304L) ASTM A 312; ASTM A 778
Stainless steel pipe (Type 316/316L) ASTM A 312; ASTM A 778

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Table 605.5 Pipe Fittings

MATERIAL STANDARD

Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) plastic ASTM D 2468

Cast iron ASME B16.4
ASSE 1061; ASTM D 2846; ASTM F 437;
Chlorinated polyvinyl chloride (CPVC) plastic
ASTM F 438; ASTM F 439; CSA B137.6
ASME B16.15; ASME B16.18; ASME
Copper or copper alloy B16.22; ASME B16.26; ASME B16.51;
ASSE 1061; ASTM F 1476; ASTM F 1548
Cross-linked polyethylene/aluminum/high-
density polyethylene ASTM F 1986
(PEX-AL-HDPE)
ASSE 1061, ASTM F 877; ASTM F 1807;
ASTM F 1960;
Fittings for cross-linked polyethylene (PEX)
ASTM F 2080; ASTM F 2098, ASTM F
plastic tubing
2159; ASTM F 2434; ASTM F 2735; CSA
B137.5
Fittings for polyethylene of raised temperature ASTM F 1807; ASTM F 2098; ASTM F
(PE-RT) plastic tubing 2159; ASTM F 2735; ASTM F 2769
ASTM F 1476; ASTM F 1548; AWWA
Gray iron and ductile iron
C110/A21.10; AWWA C153/A21.53;
Insert fittings for
polyethylene/aluminum/polyethylene (PE-AL-
PE) and cross-linked ASTM F 1974; ASTM F 1281; ASTM F
polyethylene/aluminum/cross-linked 1282; CSA B137.9; CSA B137.10M
polyethylene
(PEX-AL-PEX)
Malleable iron ASME B16.3
Metal (brass) insert fittings for
polyethylene/aluminum/polyethylene (PE-AL-
PE) and cross-linked ASTM F 1974
polyethylene/aluminum/cross-linked
polyethylene (PEX-AL-PEX)
ASTM D 2609; ASTM D 2683; ASTM D
Polyethylene (PE) plastic pipe
3261; ASTM F 1055; CSA B137.1
Polypropylene (PP) plastic pipe or tubing ASTM F 2389; CSA B137.11
ASTM D 2464; ASTM D 2466; ASTM D
Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) plastic
2467; CSA B137.2; CSA B137.3
ASTM A 312; ASTM A 778; ASTM F 1476;
Stainless steel (Type 304/304L)
ASTM F 1548
ASTM A 312; ASTM A 778; ASTM F 1476;
Stainless steel (Type 316/316L)
ASTM F 1548
ASME B16.9; ASME B16.11; ASME
Steel
B16.28; ASTM F 1476; ASTM F 1548

Branch tubes shall not restrict the flow in the

605.5.1 Mechanically formed tee fittings. run tube. A dimple serving as a depth stop shall
Mechanically extracted outlets shall have a be formed in the branch tube to ensure that
height not less than three times the thickness of penetration into the collar is of the correct
the branch tube wall. depth. For inspection purposes, a second
dimple shall be placed 6.4 mm above the first
605.5.1.1 Full flow assurance. dimple. Dimples shall be aligned with the tube

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run. surfaces. The joint shall be made while the

cement is wet. Joints shall be made in
605.5.1.2 Brazed joints. accordance with ASTM D 2235. Solvent-
Mechanically formed tee fittings shall be cement joints shall be permitted above or below
brazed in accordance with Section 605.14.1. ground.
605.6 Flexible water connectors. 605.10.3 Threaded joints.
Flexible water connectors exposed to Threads shall conform to ASME B1.20.1.
continuous pressure shall conform to ASME Schedule 80 or heavier pipe shall be permitted
A112.18.6/CSA B125.6. Access shall be to be threaded with dies specifically designed
provided to all flexible water connectors. for plastic pipe. Approved thread lubricant or
605.7 Valves. tape shall be applied on the male threads only.

Valves shall be compatible with the type of 605.11 Brass.

piping material installed in the system. Valves Joints between brass pipe and fittings shall
shall conform to one of the standards listed in comply with Sections 605.11.1 through
Table 605.7 or shall be approved. Valves 605.11.4.
intended to supply drinking water shall meet the
requirements of NSF 61. 605.11.1 Brazed joints.
All joint surfaces shall be cleaned. An approved
605.8 Manufactured pipe nipples.
flux shall be applied where required. The joint
Manufactured pipe nipples shall conform to one shall be brazed with a filler metal conforming
of the standards listed in Table 605.8. to AWS A5.8.
605.9 Prohibited joints and connections. 605.11.2 Mechanical joints.
The following types of joints and connections Mechanical joints shall be installed in
shall be prohibited: accordance with the manufacturer’s
1. Cement or concrete joints. instructions.

5 Joints made with fittings not approved 605.11.3 Threaded joints.

for the specific installation. Threads shall conform to ASME B1.20.1. Pipe-
6 Solvent-cement joints between joint compound or tape shall be applied on the
different types of plastic pipe. male threads only.

7 Saddle-type fittings. 605.11.4 Welded joints.

605.10 ABS plastic. All joint surfaces shall be cleaned. The joint
shall be welded with an approved filler metal.
Joints between ABS plastic pipe and fittings
shall comply with Sections 605.10.1 through 605.12 Gray iron and ductile iron joints.
605.10.3. Joints for gray and ductile iron pipe and fittings
shall comply with AWWA C111/A21.11 and
605.10.1 Mechanical joints. shall be installed in accordance with the
Mechanical joints on water pipes shall be made manufacturer’s instructions.
with an elastomeric seal conforming to ASTM
D 3139. Mechanical joints shall only be 605.13 Copper pipe.
installed in underground systems, unless Joints between copper or copper-alloy pipe and
otherwise approved. Joints shall be installed fittings shall comply with Sections 605.13.1
only in accordance with the manufacturer’s through 605.13.5.
instructions.
605.13.1 Brazed joints.
605.10.2 Solvent cementing. All joint surfaces shall be cleaned. An approved
Joint surfaces shall be clean and free from flux shall be applied where required. The joint
moisture. Solvent cement that conforms to shall be brazed with a filler metal conforming
ASTM D 2235 shall be applied to all joint to AWS A5.8.
TABLE 605.7

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VALVES
MATERIAL STANDARD
Chlorinated polyvinyl chloride ASME A112.4.14; ASME A112.18.1/CSA B125.1;
(CPVC) plastic ASTM F 1970; CSA B125.3
ASME A112.4.14; ASME A112.18.1/CSA B125.1;
Copper or copper alloy ASME B16.34; CSA B125.3;
MSS SP-67; MSS SP-80; MSS SP-110
Cross-linked polyethylene (PEX) ASME A112.4.14; ASME A112.18.1/CSA B125.1; CSA
plastic B125.3; NSF 359
AWWA C500; AWWA C504; AWWA C507; MSS SP-67;
Gray iron and ductile iron MSS SP-70; MSS SP-71;
MSS SP-72; MSS SP-78
Polypropylene (PP) plastic ASME A112.4.14; ASTM F 2389
Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) plastic ASME A112.4.14; ASTM F 1970

TABLE 605.8 MANUFACTURED PIPE NIPPLES

MATERIAL STANDARD
Brass-, copper-, chromium-plated ASTM B 687
Steel ASTM A 733

605.14.1 Brazed joints.

605.13.2 Mechanical joints.
Joint surfaces shall be cleaned. An approved
Mechanical joints shall be installed in
flux shall be applied where required. The joint
accordance with the manufacturer’s
shall be brazed with a filler metal conforming
instructions.
to AWS A5.8.
605.13.3 Solder joints.
605.14.2 Flared joints.
Solder joints shall be made in accordance with
Flared joints for water pipe shall be made by a
ASTM B 828. Cut tube ends shall be reamed to
tool designed for that operation.
the full inside diameter of the tube end. Joint
surfaces shall be cleaned. A flux conforming to 605.14.3 Grooved and shouldered
ASTM B 813 shall be applied. The joint shall mechanical joints.
be soldered with a solder conforming to ASTM
Grooved and shouldered mechanical joints
B 32. The joining of water supply piping shall
shall comply with ASTM F 1476, shall be made
be made with lead-free solder and fluxes. “Lead
with an approved elastomeric seal and shall be
free” shall mean a chemical composition equal
installed in accordance with the manufacturer’s
to or less than 0.2-percent lead.
instructions. Such joints shall be exposed or
605.13.4 Threaded joints. concealed.
Threads shall conform to ASME B1.20.1. Pipe- 605.14.4 Mechanical joints.
joint compound or tape shall be applied on the
Mechanical joints shall be installed in
male threads only.
accordance with the manufacturer’s
605.13.5 Welded joints. instructions.
Joint surfaces shall be cleaned. The joint shall 605.14.5 Press-connect joints.
be welded with an approved filler metal.
Press-connect joints shall conform to one of the
605.14 Copper tubing. standards listed in Table 605.5, and shall be
installed in accordance with the manufacturer’s
Joints between copper or copper alloy tubing
instructions. Cut tube ends shall be reamed to
and fittings shall comply with Sections
the full inside diameter of the tube end. Joint
605.14.1 through 605.14.5.
surfaces shall be cleaned. The tube shall be

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fully inserted into the press connect fitting. 605.16 Chlorinated polyvinyl
Press-connect joints shall be pressed with a tool chloride/aluminum/chlorinated polyvinyl
certified by the manufacturer. chloride (CPVC/AL/CPVC) pipe and
tubing.
605.14.6 Solder joints.
Joints between CPVC/AL/CPVC plastic pipe
Solder joints shall be made in accordance with
or CPVC fittings shall comply with Sections
the methods of ASTM B 828. All cut tube ends
605.16.1 and 605.16.2.
shall be reamed to the full inside diameter of the
tube end. All joint surfaces shall be cleaned. A 605.16.1 Mechanical joints.
flux conforming to ASTM B 813 shall be
Mechanical joints shall be installed in
applied. The joint shall be soldered with a
accordance with the manufacturer’s
solder conforming to ASTM B 32. The joining
instructions.
of water supply piping shall be made with lead-
free solders and fluxes. “Lead free” shall mean 605.16.2 Solvent cementing.
a chemical composition equal to or less than Joint surfaces shall be clean and free from
0.2-percent lead. moisture, and an approved primer shall be
605.15 CPVC plastic. applied. Solvent cement, orange in color and
conforming to ASTM F 493, shall be applied to
Joints between CPVC plastic pipe and fittings
joint surfaces. The joint shall be made while the
shall comply with Sections 605.15.1 through
cement is wet, and in accordance with ASTM
605.15.3.
D 2846 or ASTM F 493.Solvent cement joints
605.15.1 Mechanical joints. shall be permitted above or below ground.
Mechanical joints shall be installed in Exception: A primer is not required where all
accordance with the manufacturer’s of the following conditions apply:
instructions.
1. The solvent cement used is third-party
605.15.2 Solvent cementing. certified as conforming to ASTM F 493.
Joint surfaces shall be clean and free from 8 The solvent cement used is yellow in
moisture. Joints shall be made in accordance color.
with the pipe manufacturer’s installation
9 The solvent cement is used only for
instructions. Where such instructions require
joining 13 mm through diameter (50
that a primer be used, the primer shall be
mm) CPVC/AL/CPVC pipe and CPVC
applied to the joint surfaces and a solvent
fittings.
cement orange in color and conforming to
ASTM F 493 shall be applied to the joint 10 The CPVC fittings are manufactured in
surfaces. Where such instructions allow for a accordance with ASTM D 2846.
one-step solvent cement, yellow in color and 605.17 PEX plastic.
conforming to ASTM F 493, to be used, the
joint surfaces shall not require application of a Joints between cross-linked polyethylene
primer before the solvent cement is applied. plastic tubing and fittings shall comply with
The joint shall be made while the cement is wet Sections 605.17.1 and 605.17.2.
and in accordance with ASTM D 2846 or
ASTM F 493. Solvent cemented joints shall be 605.17.1 Flared joints.
permitted above or below ground. Flared pipe ends shall be made by a tool
designed for that operation.
605.15.3 Threaded joints.
Threads shall conform to ASME B1.20.1. 605.17.2 Mechanical joints.
Schedule 80 or heavier pipe shall be permitted Mechanical joints shall be installed in
to be threaded with dies specifically designed accordance with the manufacturer’s
for plastic pipe, but the pressure rating of the instructions. Fittings for cross-linked
pipe shall be reduced by 50 percent. Thread by polyethylene (PEX) plastic tubing shall comply
socket molded fittings shall be permitted. with the applicable standards listed in Table
Approved thread lubricant or tape shall be 605.5 and shall be installed in accordance with
applied on the male threads only. the manufacturer’s instructions. PEX tubing

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shall be factory marked with the appropriate joined by heat fusion, pipe ends shall be
standards for the fittings that the PEX chamfered to remove sharp edges. Kinked pipe
manufacturer specifies for use with the tubing. shall not be installed. The minimum pipe
bending radius shall be not less than 30 pipe
605.18 Steel.
diameters, or the minimum coil radius,
Joints between galvanized steel pipe and whichever is greater. Piping shall not be bent
fittings shall comply with Sections 605.18.1 beyond straightening of the curvature of the
through 605.18.3. coil. Bends shall be prohibited within 10 pipe
diameters of any fitting or valve. Stiffener
605.18.1 Threaded joints. inserts installed with compression-type
Threads shall conform to ASME B1.20.1. Pipe- couplings and fittings shall not extend beyond
joint compound or tape shall be applied on the the clamp or nut of the coupling or fitting.
male threads only.
605.20 Polypropylene (PP) plastic.
605.18.2 Mechanical joints. Joints between PP plastic pipe and fittings shall
Joints shall be made with an approved comply with Section 605.20.1 or 605.20.2.
elastomeric seal. Mechanical joints shall be
installed in accordance with the manufacturer’s 605.20.1 Heat-fusion joints.
instructions. Heat-fusion joints for polypropylene pipe and
tubing joints shall be installed with socket-type
605.18.3 Grooved and shouldered heat-fused polypropylene fittings, butt-fusion
mechanical joints. polypropylene fittings or electro fusion
Grooved and shouldered mechanical joints polypropylene fittings. Joint surfaces shall be
shall comply with ASTM F 1476, shall be made clean and free from moisture. The joint shall be
with an approved elastomeric seal and shall be undisturbed until cool. Joints shall be made in
installed in accordance with the manufacturer’s accordance with ASTM F 2389.
instructions. Such joints shall be exposed or
concealed. 605.20.2 Mechanical and compression
sleeve joints.
605.19 PE plastic.
Mechanical and compression sleeve joints shall
Joints between polyethylene plastic pipe or be installed in accordance with the
tubing and fittings shall comply with Sections manufacturer’s instructions.
605.19.1 through 605.19.4.
605.21 Polyethylene/aluminum/polyethylen
605.19.1 Flared joints. e (PE-AL-PE) and cross-linked
Flared joints shall be permitted where so polyethylene/ aluminum/cross-linked
indicated by the pipe manufacturer. Flared polyethylene (PEX-AL-PEX).
joints shall be made by a tool designed for that Joints between PE-AL-PE or PEX-AL-PEX
operation. pipe and fittings shall comply with Section
605.21.1.
605.19.2 Heat-fusion joints.
Joint surfaces shall be clean and free from 605.21.1 Mechanical joints.
moisture. All joint surfaces shall be heated to Mechanical joints shall be installed in
melt temperature and joined. The joint shall be accordance with the manufacturer’s
undisturbed until cool. Joints shall be made in instructions. Fittings for PE-AL-PE and PEX-
accordance with ASTM D 2657. AL-PEX as described in ASTM F 1974, ASTM
F 1281, ASTM F 1282, CSA B137.9 and CSA
605.19.3 Mechanical joints. B137.10 shall be installed in accordance with
Mechanical joints shall be installed in the manufacturer’s instructions.
accordance with the manufacturer’s
instructions. 605.22 PVC plastic.
Joints between PVC plastic pipe and fittings
605.19.4 Installation. shall comply with Sections 605.22.1 through
Polyethylene pipe shall be cut square, with a 605.22.3.
cutter designed for plastic pipe. Except where

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605.22.1 Mechanical joints. 605.23.3 Grooved and shouldered

Mechanical joints on water pipe shall be made mechanical joints.
with an elastomeric seal conforming to ASTM Grooved and shouldered mechanical joints
D 3139. Mechanical joints shall not be installed shall comply with ASTM F 1476, shall be made
in above-ground systems unless otherwise with an approved elastomeric seal and shall be
approved. Joints shall be installed in installed in accordance with the manufacturer’s
accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions. Such joints shall be exposed or
instructions. concealed.
605.22.2 Grooved and shouldered 605.24 Joints between different materials.
mechanical joints. Joints between different piping materials shall
Grooved and shouldered mechanical joints be made with a mechanical joint of the
shall comply with ASTM F 1476, shall be made compression or mechanical-sealing type, or as
with an approved elastomeric seal and shall be permitted in Sections 605.24.1, 605.24.2 and
installed in accordance with the manufacturer’s 605.24.3. Connectors or adapters shall have an
instructions. Such joints shall be exposed or elastomeric seal conforming to ASTM F 477.
concealed. Joints shall be installed in accordance with the
manufacturer’s instructions.
605.22.3 Solvent cementing.
Joint surfaces shall be clean and free from 605.24.1 Copper or copper-alloy tubing to
moisture. A purple primer that conforms to galvanized steel pipe.
ASTM F 656 shall be applied. Solvent cement Joints between copper or copper-alloy tubing
not purple in color and conforming to ASTM D and galvanized steel pipe shall be made with a
2564 or CSA B137.3 shall be applied to all joint brass fitting or dielectric fitting or a dielectric
surfaces. The joint shall be made while the union conforming to ASSE 1079. The copper
cement is wet and shall be in accordance with tubing shall be soldered to the fitting in an
ASTM D 2855. Solvent-cement joints shall be approved manner, and the fitting shall be
permitted above or below ground. screwed to the threaded pipe.
605.22.4 Threaded joints. 605.24.2 Plastic pipe or tubing to other
Threads shall conform to ASME B1.20.1. piping material.
Schedule 80 or heavier pipe shall be permitted Joints between different types of plastic pipe or
to be threaded with dies specifically designed between plastic pipe and other piping material
for plastic pipe, but the pressure rating of the shall be made with approved adapters or
pipe shall be reduced by 50 percent. Thread by transition fittings.
socket molded fittings shall be permitted.
Approved thread lubricant or tape shall be 605.24.3 Stainless steel.
applied on the male threads only. Joints between stainless steel and different
piping materials shall be made with a
605.23 Stainless steel.
mechanical joint of the compression or
Joints between stainless steel pipe and fittings mechanical sealing type or a dielectric fitting or
shall comply with Sections 605.23.1 and a dielectric union conforming to ASSE 1079.
605.23.3.
605.25 PE-RT plastic.
605.23.1 Mechanical joints. Joints between polyethylene of raised
Mechanical joints shall be installed in temperature plastic tubing and fittings shall be
accordance with the manufacturer’s in accordance with Section 605.25.1.
instructions.
605.25.1 Mechanical joints.
605.23.2 Welded joints. Mechanical joints shall be installed in
All joint surfaces shall be cleaned. The joint accordance with the manufacturer’s
shall be welded autogenously or with an instructions. Fittings for polyethylene of raised
approved filler metal as referenced in ASTM A temperature plastic tubing shall comply with
312. the applicable standards listed in Table 605.5
and shall be installed in accordance with the

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manufacturer’s instructions. Polyethylene of 606.3 Access to valves.

raised temperature plastic tubing shall be
Access shall be provided to all full open valves
factory marked with the applicable standards
and shutoff valves.
for the fittings that the manufacturer of the
tubing specifies for use with the tubing. 606.4 Valve identification.
SECTION 606 Service and hose bibb valves shall be identified.
INSTALLATION OF THE BUILDING All other valves installed in locations that are
WATER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM not adjacent to the fixture or appliance shall be
identified, indicating the fixture or appliance
606.1 Location of full-open valves. served.
Full-open valves shall be installed in the 606.5 Water pressure booster systems.
following locations:
Water pressure booster systems shall be
1 On the building water service pipe provided as required by Sections 606.5.1
from the public water supply near the through 606.5.10.
curb.
606.5.1 Water pressure booster systems
2 On the water distribution supply pipe at
required.
the entrance into the structure.
Where the water pressure in the public water
3 On the discharge side of every water main or individual water supply system is
meter. insufficient to supply the minimum pressures
4 On the base of every water riser pipe in and quantities specified in this code, the supply
occupancies other than multiple-family shall be supplemented by an elevated water
residential occupancies that are two tank, a hydropneumatic pressure booster
stories or less in height and in one and system or a water pressure booster pump
two family residential occupancies. installed in accordance with Section 606.5.5.
5 On the top of every water down-feed 606.5.2 Support.
pipe in occupancies other than one- and All water supply tanks shall be supported in
two-family residential occupancies. accordance with the SBC 201.
6 On the entrance to every water supply
606.5.3 Covers.
pipe to a dwelling unit, except where
supplying a single fixture equipped All water supply tanks shall be covered to keep
with individual stops. out unauthorized persons, dirt and vermin. The
covers of gravity tanks shall be vented with a
7 On the water supply pipe to a gravity or return bend vent pipe with an area not less than
pressurized water tank. the area of the down-feed riser pipe, and the
8 On the water supply pipe to every water vent shall be screened with a corrosion resistant
heater. screen of not less than 630 by 787 mesh per m.

606.2 Location of shutoff valves. 606.5.4 Overflows for water supply

tanks.
Shutoff valves shall be installed in the
following locations: A gravity or suction water supply tank shall be
provided with an overflow with a diameter not
On the fixture supply to each plumbing fixture less than that shown in Table 606.5.4. The
other than bathtubs and showers in one- and overflow outlet shall discharge at a point not
two-family residential occupancies, and other less than 150 mm above the roof or roof drain;
than in individual sleeping units that are floor or floor drain; or over an open water-
provided with unit shutoff valves in hotels, supplied fixture. The overflow outlet shall be
motels, boarding houses and similar covered with a corrosion-resistant screen of not
occupancies. less than 630 by 787 mesh per m and by 6.4 mm
On the water supply pipe to each sill cock. hardware cloth or shall terminate in a horizontal
angle seat check valve. Drainage from overflow
On the water supply pipe to each appliance or pipes shall be directed so as not to freeze on
mechanical equipment. roof walks.

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606.5.5 Low-pressure cutoff required on supply valve installed so as to prevent the tank
booster pumps. from overflowing. The inlet shall be terminated
A low-pressure cutoff shall be installed on all so as to provide an air gap not less than 100 mm
booster pumps in a water pressure booster above the overflow.
system to prevent creation of a vacuum or
606.5.7 Tank drain pipes.
negative pressure on the suction side of the
pump when a positive pressure of 70 kPa or less A valved pipe shall be provided at the lowest
occurs on the suction side of the pump. point of each tank to permit emptying of the
tank. The tank drain pipe shall discharge as
606.5.6 Potable water inlet control and required for overflow pipes and shall not be
location. smaller in size than specified in Table 605.5.7.
Potable water inlets to gravity tanks shall be
controlled by a fill valve or other automatic

Table 606.5.4 Sizes for Overflow Pipes for Water Supply Tanks

MAXIMUM CAPACITY OF WATER SUPPLY DIAMETER OF OVERFLOW PIPE (mm)

LINE TO TANK (L/min)
0 – 200 50
200 – 600 65
600 – 750 75
750 – 1,500 100
1,500 – 2,650 125
2,650 –3,800 150
Over 3,800 200

TABLE 606.5.7 SIZE OF DRAIN PIPES FOR WATER TANKS

TANK CAPACITY (Liters) DRAIN PIPE (mm)

Up to 2,850 25
2,851 to 5,700 40
5,701 to 11,400 50
11,401 to 20,000 65
20,001 to 30,000 75
Over 30,000 100

Exception: This section shall not apply to

606.5.8 Prohibited location of potable pressurized captive air diaphragm/bladder
supply tanks. tanks.
Potable water gravity tanks or manholes of
potable water pressure tanks shall not be 606.5.10 Pressure relief for tanks.
located directly under any soil or waste piping Every pressure tank in a hydropneumatic
or any source of contamination. pressure booster system shall be protected with
a pressure relief valve. The pressure relief valve
606.5.9 Pressure tanks, vacuum relief. shall be set at a maximum pressure equal to the
All water pressure tanks shall be provided with rating of the tank. The relief valve shall be
a vacuum relief valve at the top of the tank that installed on the supply pipe to the tank or on the
will operate up to a maximum water pressure of tank. The relief valve shall discharge by gravity
1400 kPa and up to a maximum temperature of to a safe place of disposal.
90ºC. The size of such vacuum relief valve shall
606.6 Water supply system test.
be not less than 15 mm.
Upon completion of a section of or the entire
water supply system, the system, or portion

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 CHAPTER 6 WATER SUPPLY AND DISTRIBUTION

completed, shall be tested in accordance with system piping and heat-traced piping shall be
Section 312. considered to be sources of hot or tempered
water.
606.7 Labeling of water distribution pipes
in bundles. 607.2.1 Circulation systems and heat
Where water distribution piping is bundled at trace systems for maintaining
installation, each pipe in the bundle shall be heated water temperature in
identified using stenciling or commercially distribution systems.
available pipe labels. The identification shall For Group R2, R3 and R4 occupancies that are
indicate the pipe contents and the direction of three stories or less in height above grade plane,
flow in the pipe. The interval of the the installation of heated water circulation and
identification markings on the pipe shall not temperature maintenance systems shall be in
exceed 7500 mm. There shall be not less than accordance with Section R403.5.1 of the
one identification label on each pipe in each International Energy Conservation Code (or its
room, space or story. Equivelent in SBC 601/SBC 602). For other
than Group R2, R3 and R4 occupancies that are
SECTION 607 three stories or less in height above grade plane,
HOT WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM the installation of heated water circulation and
607.1 Where required. heat trace systems shall be in accordance with
Section C404.6 of the International Energy
In residential occupancies, hot water shall be Conservation Code (or its Equivelent in SBC
supplied to plumbing fixtures and equipment 601/SBC 602).
utilized for bathing, washing, culinary
purposes, cleansing, laundry or building 607.2.1.1 Pump controls for hot water
maintenance. In nonresidential occupancies, storage systems.
hot water shall be supplied for culinary The controls on pumps that circulate water
purposes, cleansing, laundry or building between a water heater and a storage tank for
maintenance purposes. In nonresidential heated water shall limit operation of the pump
occupancies, hot water or tempered water shall from heating cycle startup to not greater than 5
be supplied for bathing and washing purposes. minutes after the end of the cycle.
607.1.1 Temperature limiting means.
607.2.1.2 Demand recirculation controls
A thermostat control for a water heater shall not for distribution systems.
serve as the temperature limiting means for the A water distribution system having one or more
purposes of complying with the requirements of recirculation pumps that pump water from a
this code for maximum allowable hot or heated water supply pipe back to the heated
tempered water delivery temperature at water source through a cold water supply pipe
fixtures. shall be a demand recirculation water system.
607.1.2 Tempered water temperature Pumps shall have controls that comply with
control. both of the following:
Tempered water shall be supplied through a 1 The control shall start the pump upon
water temperature limiting device that receiving a signal from the action of a
conforms to ASSE 1070 and shall limit the user of a fixture or appliance, sensing
tempered water to a maximum of 43ºC. This the presence of a user of a fixture, or
provision shall not supersede the requirement sensing the flow of hot or tempered
for protective shower valves in accordance with water to a fixture fitting or appliance.
Section 424.3. 2 The control shall limit the temperature
607.2 Hot or tempered water supply to of the water entering the cold water
fixtures. piping to 40°C.
The developed length of hot or tempered water 607.2.2 Piping for recirculation systems
piping, from the source of hot water to the having master thermostatic
fixtures that require hot or tempered water, valves.
shall not exceed 15,000 mm. Recirculating Where a thermostatic mixing valve is used in a

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system with a hot water recirculating pump, the SECTION 608

hot water or tempered water return line shall be PROTECTION OF POTABLE WATER
routed to the cold water inlet pipe of the water SUPPLY
heater and the cold water inlet pipe or the hot
water return connection of the thermostatic 608.1 General.
mixing valve. A potable water supply system shall be
607.3 Thermal expansion control. designed, installed and maintained in such a
manner so as to prevent contamination from
Where a storage water heater is supplied with non-potable liquids, solids or gases being
cold water that passes through a check valve, introduced into the potable water supply
pressure reducing valve or backflow preventer, through cross connections or any other piping
a thermal expansion tank shall be connected to connections to the system. Backflow preventer
the water heater cold water supply pipe at a applications shall conform to Table 608.1,
point that is downstream of all check valves, except as specifically stated in Sections 608.2
pressure reducing valves and backflow through 608.16.10.
preventers. Thermal expansion tanks shall be
sized in accordance with the tank 608.2 Plumbing fixtures.
manufacturer’s instructions and shall be sized The supply lines and fittings for plumbing
such that the pressure in the water distribution fixtures shall be installed so as to prevent
system shall not exceed that required by Section backflow. Plumbing fixture fittings shall
604.8. provide backflow protection in accordance with
607.4 Flow of hot water to fixtures. ASME A112.18.1/CSA B125.1.
Fixture fittings, faucets and diverters shall be 608.3 Devices, appurtenances, appliances
installed and adjusted so that the flow of hot and apparatus.
water from the fittings corresponds to the left- Devices, appurtenances, appliances and
hand side of the fixture fitting. apparatus intended to serve some special
Exception: Shower and tub/shower mixing function, such as sterilization, distillation,
valves conforming to ASSE 1016/ASME processing, cooling, or storage of ice or foods,
A112.1016/CSA B125.16 or ASME and that connect to the water supply system,
A112.18.1/CSA B125.1, where the flow of hot shall be provided with protection against
water corresponds to the markings on the backflow and contamination of the water
device. supply system. Water pumps, filters, softeners,
tanks and other appliances and devices that
607.5 Insulation of piping. handle or treat potable water shall be protected
For other than Group R2, R3 and R4 against contamination.
occupancies that are three stories or less in
608.3.1 Special equipment, water supply
height above grade plane, piping to the inlet of
protection.
a water heater and piping conveying water
heated by a water heater shall be insulated in The water supply for hospital fixtures shall be
accordance with Section C404.4 of the Interna protected against backflow with a reduced
tional Energy Conservation Code (or its pressure principle backflow prevention
equivalent in SBC 601/SBC 602). For Group assembly, an atmospheric or spill-resistant
R2, R3 and R4 occupancies that are three vacuum breaker assembly, or an air gap.
stories or less in height above grade plane, Vacuum breakers for bedpan washer hoses
piping to the inlet of a water heater and piping shall not be located less than 1500 mm above
conveying water heated by a water heater shall the floor. Vacuum breakers for hose
be insulated in accordance with Section connections in health care or laboratory areas
R403.5.3 of the International Energy shall not be less than 1800 mm above the floor.
Conservation Code (or its Equivelent in SBC 608.4 Water service piping.
601/SBC 602).
Water service piping shall be protected in
accordance with Sections 603.2 and 603.2.1.
608.5 Chemicals and other substances.

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Chemicals and other substances that produce discoloration in a potable water system shall not
either toxic conditions, taste, odor or be introduced into, or utilized in, such systems.

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 CHAPTER 6 WATER SUPPLY AND DISTRIBUTION

TABLE 608.1 APPLICATION OF BACKFLOW PREVENTERS

DEGREE OF APPLICABLE
DEVICE APPLICATIONb
HAZARDa STANDARDS
Backflow prevention assemblies:
Double check backflow prevention
Backpressure or ASSE 1015, AWWA
assembly and double check fire
Low hazard backsiphonage C510, CSA B64.5,
protection backflow prevention
Sizes 10 mm - 400 mm CSA B64.5.1
assembly
Backpressure or
Double check detector fire protection
Low hazard backsiphonage ASSE 1048
backflow prevention assemblies
Sizes 50 mm - 400 mm
Backsiphonage only Sizes ASSE 1020, CSA
Pressure vacuum breaker assembly High or low hazard
13 – 25 mm B64.1.2
Reduced pressure principle backflow
Backpressure or ASSE 1013, AWWA
prevention assembly and reduced
High or low hazard backsiphonage C511, CSA B64.4,
pressure principle fire protection
Sizes10 mm - 400 mm CSA B64.4.1
backflow assembly
Reduced pressure detector fire Backsiphonage or
protection backflow prevention High or low hazard backpressure ASSE 1047
assemblies (Fire sprinkler systems)
Spill-resistant vacuum breaker Backsiphonage only
High or low hazard ASSE 1056
assembly Sizes 6 mm - 50 mm
Backflow preventer plumbing devices:
Antisiphon-type fill valves for gravity ASSE 1002, CSA
High hazard Backsiphonage only
water closet flush tanks B125.3
Backpressure or
Backflow preventer for carbonated
Low hazard backsiphonage ASSE 1022
beverage machines
Sizes6 mm -10 mm
Backpressure or
Backflow preventer with intermediate ASSE 1012, CSA
Low hazard backsiphonage
atmospheric vents B64.3
Sizes 6 mm - 20 mm
Backpressure or
Dual-check-valve-type backflow ASSE 1024, CSA
Low hazard backsiphonage
preventer B64.6
Sizes 6 mm – 25 mm
Low head backpressure,
rated
ASME A112.21.3,
working pressure,
Hose connection backflow preventer High or low hazard ASSE 1052, CSA
backpressure
B64.2.1.1
or backsiphonage Sizes 13
mm - 25 mm
Low head backpressure or
ASME A112.21.3,
backsiphonage
Hose connection vacuum breaker High or low hazard ASSE 1011, CSA
Sizes 13 mm, 20 mm, 25
B64.2, CSA B64.2.1
mm
Low head backpressure and ASSE 1035, CSA
Laboratory faucet backflow preventer High or low hazard
backsiphonage B64.7
Pipe-applied atmospheric-type vacuum Backsiphonage only ASSE 1001, CSA
High or low hazard
breaker Sizes 6 mm - 100 mm B64.1.1
Low head backpressure or ASME A112.21.3,
Vacuum breaker wall hydrants,
High or low hazard backsiphonage ASSE 1019, CSA
frost-resistant, automatic-draining-type
Sizes 20 mm - 25 mm B64.2.2
Other means or methods:
Backsiphonage or
Air gap High or low hazard ASME A112.1.2
backpressure

Air gap fittings for use with plumbing Backsiphonage or

High or low hazard ASME A112.1.3
fixtures, appliances and appurtenances backpressure

(See Section
Barometric loop High or low hazard Backsiphonage only
608.13.4)
a. Low hazard—See Pollution (Section 202), High hazard—See Contamination (Section 202).
b. See Backpressure, low head (Section 202).

SBC 701-CR-18 73
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608.10.1 Signage required.

608.6 Water service piping.
Non-potable water outlets, such as hose
Water service piping shall be protected in connections, open ended pipes and faucets,
accordance with Sections 603.2 and 603.2.1. shall be identified with signage that reads as
608.7 Chemicals and other substances. follows: “Non-potable water is utilized for
[application name]. CAUTION: NON-
Chemicals and other substances that produce POTABLE WATER – DO NOT DRINK.” The
either toxic conditions, taste, odor or words shall be legibly and indelibly printed on
discoloration in a potable water system shall not a tag or sign constructed of corrosion-resistant
be introduced into, or utilized in, such systems. waterproof material or shall be indelibly printed
608.8 Cross connection control. on the fixture. The letters of the words shall be
not less than 13 mm in height and in colors in
Cross connections shall be prohibited, except contrast to the background on which they are
where approved backflow prevention applied. In addition to the required wordage, the
assemblies, backflow prevention devices or pictograph shown in Figure 608.8.1 shall
other means or methods are installed to protect appear on the required signage.
the potable water supply.
608.10.2 Distribution pipe labeling and
608.8.1 Private water supplies. marking.
Cross connections between a private water Non-potable distribution piping shall be purple
supply and a potable public supply shall be in color and shall be embossed, or integrally
prohibited. stamped or marked, with the words:
608.9 Valves and outlets prohibited below “CAUTION: NON-POTABLE WATER – DO
grade. NOT DRINK” or the piping shall be installed
with a purple identification tape or wrap. Pipe
Potable water outlets and combination stop-
identification shall include the contents of the
and-waste valves shall not be installed piping system and an arrow indicating the
underground or below grade. Freeze proof yard
direction of flow. Hazardous piping systems
hydrants that drain the riser into the ground are
shall also contain information addressing the
considered to be stop-and-waste valves. nature of the hazard. Pipe identification shall be
Exception: Freeze proof yard hydrants that repeated at intervals not exceeding 7500 mm
drain the riser into the ground shall be permitted and at each point where the piping passes
to be installed, provided that the potable water through a wall, floor or roof. Lettering shall be
supply to such hydrants is protected upstream readily observable within the room or space
of the hydrants in accordance with Section 608 where the piping is located.
and the hydrants are permanently identified as
non-potable outlets by approved signage that 608.10.2.1 Color.
reads as follows: “Caution, Non-potable Water. The color of the pipe identification shall be
Do Not Drink.” discernable and consistent throughout the
building. The color purple shall be used to
608.10 Identification of non-potable water
identify reclaimed, rain and gray water
systems.
distribution systems.
Where non-potable water systems are installed,
the piping conveying the non-potable water 608.10.2.2 Lettering size.
shall be identified either by color marking, The size of the background color field and
metal tags or tape in accordance with Sections lettering shall comply with Table 608.8.2.2.
608.8.1 through 608.8.2.3.

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TABLE 608.8.2.2 Size of Pipe Identification

LENGTH BACKGROUND
PIPE DIAMETER SIZE OF LETTERS
COLOR FIELD
(mm) (mm)
(mm)
20 to 32 200 13
40 to 50 200 20
65 to 150 300 30
200 to 250 600 64
over 250 800 89

The minimum required air gap shall be

608.10.2.3 Identification tape. measured vertically from the lowest end of a
Where used, identification tape shall be at least potable water outlet to the flood level rim of the
75 mm wide and have white or black lettering fixture or receptacle into which such potable
on a purple field stating “CAUTION: NON- water outlet discharges. Air gaps shall comply
POTABLE WATER – DO NOT DRINK.” with ASME A112.1.2 and air gap fittings shall
Identification tape shall be installed on top of comply with ASME A112.1.3.
non-potable rainwater distribution pipes,
fastened at least every 3000 mm to each pipe 608.15.2 Reduced pressure principle
length and run continuously the entire length of backflow prevention assemblies.
the pipe. Reduced pressure principle backflow
prevention assemblies shall conform to ASSE
608.11 Reutilization prohibited.
1013, AWWA C511, CSA B64.4 or CSA
Water utilized for the cooling of equipment or B64.4.1. Reduced pressure detector assembly
other processes shall not be returned to the backflow preventers shall conform to ASSE
potable water system. Such water shall be 1047. These devices shall be permitted to be
discharged into a drainage system through an installed where subject to continuous pressure
air gap or shall be utilized for non-potable conditions. The relief opening shall discharge
purposes. by air gap and shall be prevented from being
608.12 Reuse of piping. submerged.

Piping that has been utilized for any purpose 608.15.3 Backflow preventer with
other than conveying potable water shall not be intermediate atmospheric vent.
utilized for conveying potable water. Backflow preventers with intermediate
608.13 Painting of water tanks. atmospheric vents shall conform to ASSE 1012
or CSA B64.3. These devices shall be permitted
The interior surface of a potable water tank to be installed where subject to continuous
shall not be lined, painted or repaired with any pressure conditions. The relief opening shall
material that changes the taste, odor, color or discharge by air gap and shall be prevented
potability of the water supply when the tank is from being submerged.
placed in, or returned to, service.
608.15.4 Barometric loop.
608.14 Pumps and other appliances.
Barometric loops shall precede the point of
Water pumps, filters, softeners, tanks and other connection and shall extend vertically to a
devices that handle or treat potable water shall height of 10,500 mm. A barometric loop shall
be protected against contamination. only be utilized as an atmospheric-type or
608.15 Backflow protection. pressure-type vacuum breaker.

Means of protection against backflow shall be 608.15.5 Pressure vacuum breaker

provided in accordance with Sections 608.13.1 assemblies.
through 608.13.10. Pressure vacuum breaker assemblies shall
conform to ASSE 1020 or CSA B64.1.2. Spill-
608.15.1 Air gap.
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 CHAPTER 6 WATER SUPPLY AND DISTRIBUTION

resistant vacuum breaker assemblies shall comply with ASSE 1055 or shall be equipped
comply with ASSE 1056. These assemblies are with an air gap fitting.
designed for installation under continuous
pressure conditions where the critical level is 608.15.10 Dual check backflow preventer.
installed at the required height. Pressure Dual check backflow preventers shall conform
vacuum breaker assemblies shall not be to ASSE 1024 or CSA B64.6.
installed in locations where spillage could 608.16 Location of backflow preventers.
cause damage to the structure.
Access shall be provided to backflow
608.15.6 Atmospheric-type vacuum preventers as specified by the manufacturer’s
breakers. instructions.
Pipe applied atmospheric-type vacuum
breakers shall conform to ASSE 1001 or CSA 608.16.1 Outdoor enclosures for backflow
B64.1.1. Hose-connection vacuum breakers prevention devices.
shall conform to ASME A112.21.3, ASSE Outdoor enclosures for backflow prevention
1011, ASSE 1019, ASSE 1035, ASSE 1052, devices shall comply with ASSE 1060.
CSA B64.2, CSA B64.2.1, CSA B64.2.1.1,
CSA B64.2.2 or CSA B64.7. These devices 608.16.2 Protection of backflow
shall operate under normal atmospheric preventers.
pressure when the critical level is installed at Backflow preventers shall not be located in
the required height. areas subject to freezing except where they can
be removed by means of unions or are protected
608.15.7 Double check backflow from freezing by heat, insulation or both.
prevention assemblies.
Double check backflow prevention assemblies 608.16.2.1 Relief port piping.
shall conform to ASSE 1015, CSA B64.5, CSA The termination of the piping from the relief
B64.5.1 or AWWA C510. Double check port or air gap fitting of a backflow preventer
detector fire protection backflow prevention shall discharge to an approved indirect waste
assemblies shall conform to ASSE 1048. These receptor or to the outdoors where it will not
assemblies shall be capable of operating under cause damage or create a nuisance.
continuous pressure conditions. 608.17 Protection of potable water outlets.
608.15.8 Spill-resistant pressure vacuum All potable water openings and outlets shall be
breaker assemblies. protected against backflow in accordance with
Spill-resistant pressure vacuum breaker Section 608.15.1, 608.15.2, 608.15.3, 608.15.4,
assemblies shall conform to ASSE 1056 or 608.15.4.1 or 608.15.4.2.
CSA B64.1.3. These assemblies are designed
for installation under continuous-pressure 608.17.1 Protection by air gap.
conditions where the critical level is installed at Openings and outlets shall be protected by an
the required height. air gap between the opening and the fixture
flood level rim as specified in Table 608.15.1.
608.15.9 Chemical dispenser backflow Openings and outlets equipped for hose
devices. connection shall be protected by means other
Backflow devices for chemical dispensers shall than an air gap.

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 CHAPTER 6 WATER SUPPLY AND DISTRIBUTION

TABLE 608.15.1 Minimum Required Air Gaps

MINIMUM AIR GAP

FIXTURE Away from a walla Close to a wall (mm)
(mm)
Lavatories and other fixtures with effective
25 38
openings not greater than 12 mm in diameter
Sinks, laundry trays, gooseneck back faucets
and other fixtures with effective 38 65
openings not greater than 20 mm in diameter
Over-rim bath fillers and other fixtures with
effective openings not greater 50 75
than 25 mm in diameter
Drinking water fountains, single orifice not
greater than 12 mm in diameter
25 38
or multiple orifices with a total area of 100
mm2(area of circle 12 mm in diameter)
Two times the Three times the
Effective openings greater than 25 mm diameter of the diameter of the
effective opening effective opening
a. Applicable where walls or obstructions are spaced from the nearest inside-edge of the spout opening a
distance greater than three times the diameter of the effective opening for a single wall, or a distance
greater than four times the diameter of the effective opening for two intersecting walls.

receptor or device served.

608.17.2 Protection by reduced pressure
principle backflow prevention 608.17.4.1 Deck-mounted and integral
assembly. vacuum breakers.
Openings and outlets shall be protected by a Approved deck-mounted or equipment
reduced pressure principle backflow prevention mounted vacuum breakers and faucets with
assembly or a reduced pressure principle fire integral atmospheric vacuum breakers or spill-
protection backflow prevention assembly on resistant vacuum breaker assemblies shall be
potable water supplies. installed in accordance with the manufacturer’s
instructions and the requirements for labeling
608.17.3 Protection by a backflow with the critical level not less than 25 mm above
preventer with intermediate the flood level rim.
atmospheric vent.
Openings and outlets shall be protected by a 608.17.4.2 Hose connections.
backflow preventer with an intermediate Sillcocks, hose bibbs, wall hydrants and other
atmospheric vent. openings with a hose connection shall be
protected by an atmospheric-type or pressure-
608.17.4 Protection by a vacuum breaker. type vacuum breaker or a permanently attached
Openings and outlets shall be protected by hose connection vacuum breaker.
atmospheric-type or pressure type vacuum
Exceptions:
breakers. The critical level of the vacuum
breaker shall be set not less than 150 mm above 1 This section shall not apply to water
the flood level rim of the fixture or device. Fill heater and boiler drain valves that are
valves shall be set in accordance with Section provided with hose connection threads
425.3.1. Vacuum breakers shall not be installed and that are intended only for tank or
under exhaust hoods or similar locations that vessel draining.
will contain toxic fumes or vapors. Pipe applied
2 This section shall not apply to water
vacuum breakers shall be installed not less than
supply valves intended for connection
150 mm above the flood level rim of the fixture,

SBC 701-CR-18 77
 CHAPTER 6 WATER SUPPLY AND DISTRIBUTION

of clothes washing machines where 1 Where systems are installed as a

backflow prevention is otherwise portion of the water distribution system
provided or is integral with the in accordance with the requirements of
machine. this code and are not provided with a
fire department connection, isolation of
608.18 Connections to the potable water
the water supply system shall not be
system.
required.
Connections to the potable water system shall
2 Isolation of the water distribution
conform to Sections 608.16.1 through
system is not required for deluge,
608.16.10.
preaction or dry pipe systems.
608.18.1 Beverage dispensers.
608.18.4.1 Additives or non-potable source.
The water supply connection to beverage
Where systems under continuous pressure
dispensers shall be protected against backflow
contain chemical additives or antifreeze, or
by a backflow preventer conforming to ASSE
where systems are connected to a non-potable
1022 or by an air gap. The portion of the
secondary water supply, the potable water
backflow preventer device downstream from
supply shall be protected against backflow by a
the second check valve and the piping
reduced pressure principle backflow prevention
downstream there from shall not be affected by
assembly or a reduced pressure principle fire
carbon dioxide gas.
protection backflow prevention assembly.
608.18.2 Connections to boilers. Where chemical additives or antifreeze are
The potable supply to the boiler shall be added to only a portion of an automatic fire
equipped with a backflow preventer with an sprinkler or standpipe system, the reduced
intermediate atmospheric vent complying with pressure principle backflow prevention
ASSE 1012 or CSA B64.3. Where conditioning assembly or the reduced pressure principle fire
chemicals are introduced into the system, the protection backflow prevention assembly shall
potable water connection shall be protected by be permitted to be located so as to isolate that
an air gap or a reduced pressure principle portion of the system. Where systems are not
backflow preventer, complying with ASSE under continuous pressure, the potable water
1013, CSA B64.4 or AWWA C511. supply shall be protected against backflow by
an air gap or an atmospheric vacuum breaker
608.18.3 Heat exchangers. conforming to ASSE 1001 or CSA B64.1.1.
Heat exchangers utilizing an essentially toxic 608.18.5 Connections to lawn irrigation
transfer fluid shall be separated from the systems.
potable water by double-wall construction. An
air gap open to the atmosphere shall be The potable water supply to lawn irrigation
provided between the two walls. Heat systems shall be protected against backflow by
exchangers utilizing an essentially nontoxic an atmospheric vacuum breaker, a pressure
transfer fluid shall be permitted to be of single- vacuum breaker assembly or a reduced pressure
wall construction. principle backflow prevention assembly.
Valves shall not be installed downstream from
608.18.4 Connections to automatic fire an atmospheric vacuum breaker. Where
sprinkler systems and standpipe chemicals are introduced into the system, the
systems. potable water supply shall be protected against
The potable water supply to automatic fire backflow by a reduced pressure principle
sprinkler and standpipe systems shall be backflow prevention assembly.
protected against backflow by a double check 608.18.6 Connections subject to
backflow prevention assembly, a double check backpressure.
fire protection backflow prevention assembly
or a reduced pressure principle fire protection Where a potable water connection is made to a
backflow prevention assembly. non-potable line, fixture, tank, vat, pump or
other equipment subject to high hazard
Exceptions: backpressure, the potable water connection
shall be protected by a reduced pressure

SBC 701-CR-18 78
 CHAPTER 6 WATER SUPPLY AND DISTRIBUTION

principle backflow prevention assembly. machines and noncarbonated beverage

dispensers shall be protected against backflow
608.18.7 Chemical dispensers. by a backflow preventer conforming to ASSE
Where chemical dispensers connect to the 1022 or by an air gap.
potable water distribution system, the water
608.19 Protection of individual water
supply system shall be protected against
supplies.
backflow in accordance with Section 608.13.1,
608.13.2, 608.13.5, 608.13.6, 608.13.8 or An individual water supply shall be located and
608.13.9. constructed so as to be safeguarded against
contamination in accordance with Sections
608.18.8 Portable cleaning equipment. 608.17.1 through 608.17.8.
Where the portable cleaning equipment
connects to the water distribution system, the 608.19.1 Well locations.
water supply system shall be protected against A potable ground water source or pump suction
backflow in accordance with Section 608.13.1, line shall not be located closer to potential
608.13.2, 608.13.3, 608.13.7 or 608.13.8. sources of contamination than the distances
shown in Table 608.17.1. In the event the
608.18.9 Dental pump equipment. underlying rock structure is limestone or
Where dental pumping equipment connects to fragmented shale, the local or state health
the water distribution system, the water supply department shall be consulted on well site
system shall be protected against backflow in location. The distances in Table 608.17.1
accordance with Section 608.13.1, 608.13.2, constitute minimum separation and shall be
608.13.5, 608.13.6 or 608.13.8. increased in areas of creviced rock or
limestone, or where the direction of movement
608.18.10 Coffee machines and of the ground water is from sources of
noncarbonated beverage contamination toward the well.
dispensers.
The water supply connection to coffee

TABLE 608.17.1 Distance from Contamination to Private Water Supplies and Pump Suction
Lines

SOURCE OF CONTAMINATION DISTANCE (m)

Barnyard 30
Farm silo 8
Pasture 30
Pump house floor drain of cast iron draining to ground
0.6
surface
Seepage pits 15
Septic tank 8
Sewer 3
Subsurface disposal fields 15
Subsurface pits 15

608.19.4 Water-tight casings.

608.19.2 Elevation.
Each well shall be provided with a water-tight
Well sites shall be positively drained and shall
casing extending to not less than 3000 mm
be at higher elevations than potential sources of
below the ground surface. Casings shall extend
contamination.
not less than 150 mm above the well platform.
608.19.3 Depth. Casings shall be large enough to permit
Private potable well supplies shall not be installation of a separate drop pipe. Casings
developed from a water table less than 3000 shall be sealed at the bottom in an impermeable
mm below the ground surface. stratum or extend several meters into the water-
bearing stratum.

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 CHAPTER 6 WATER SUPPLY AND DISTRIBUTION

608.19.5 Drilled or driven well casings. plumbing systems in other structures. Health
Drilled or driven well casings shall be of steel care plumbing systems shall conform to the
or other approved material. Where drilled wells requirements of this section in addition to the
extend into a rock formation, the well casing other requirements of this code. The provisions
shall extend to and set firmly in the formation. of this section shall apply to the special devices
The annular space between the earth and the and equipment installed and maintained in the
outside of the casing shall be filled with cement following occupancies: nursing homes, homes
grout to a depth of not less than 3000 mm below for the aged, orphanages, infirmaries, first aid
the ground surface. In an instance of casing to stations, psychiatric facilities, clinics,
rock installation, the grout shall extend to the professional offices of dentists and doctors,
rock surface. mortuaries, educational facilities, surgery,
dentistry, research and testing laboratories,
608.19.6 Dug or bored well casings. establishments manufacturing pharmaceutical
Dug or bored well casings shall be of water- drugs and medicines and other structures with
tight concrete, tile or galvanized or corrugated similar apparatus and equipment classified as
metal pipe extending to not less than 3000 mm plumbing.
below the ground surface. Where the water 609.2 Water service.
table is more than 3000 mm below the ground
surface, the water-tight casing shall extend Hospitals shall have two water service pipes
below the table surface. Well casings for dug installed in such a manner so as to minimize the
wells or bored wells constructed with sections potential for an interruption of the supply of
of concrete, tile or galvanized or corrugated water in the event of a water main or water
metal pipe shall be surrounded by 150 mm of service pipe failure.
grout poured into the hole between the outside 609.3 Hot water.
of the casing and the ground and extending not
less than 3000 mm below the ground surface. Hot water shall be provided to supply all of the
hospital fixture, kitchen and laundry
608.19.7 Cover. requirements. Special fixtures and equipment
Potable water wells shall be equipped with an shall have hot water supplied at a temperature
overlapping water-tight cover at the top of the specified by the manufacturer. The hot water
well casing or pipe sleeve such that system shall be installed in accordance with
contaminated water or other substances are Section 607.
prevented from entering the well through the 609.4 Vacuum breaker installation.
annular opening at the top of the well casing,
wall or pipe sleeve. Covers shall extend Vacuum breakers shall be installed not less than
downward not less than 50 mm over the outside 150 mm above the flood level rim of the fixture
of the well casing or wall. A dug well cover or device in accordance with Section 608.The
shall be provided with a pipe sleeve permitting flood level rim of hose connections shall be the
the withdrawal of the pump suction pipe, maximum height at which any hose is utilized.
cylinder or jet body without disturbing the 609.5 Prohibited water closet and clinical
cover. Where pump sections or discharge pipes sink supply.
enter or leave a well through the side of the
casing, the circle of contact shall be water tight. Jet-or water-supplied orifices, except those
supplied by the flush connections, shall not be
608.19.8 Drainage. located in or connected with a water closet bowl
Potable water wells and springs shall be or clinical sink. This section shall not prohibit
constructed such that surface drainage will be an approved bidet installation.
diverted away from the well or spring. 609.6 Clinical, hydrotherapeutic and
SECTION 609 radiological equipment.
HEALTH CARE PLUMBING Clinical, hydrotherapeutic, radiological or any
equipment that is supplied with water or that
609.1 Scope.
discharges to the waste system shall conform to
This section shall govern those aspects of health the requirements of this section and Section
care plumbing systems that differ from 608.

SBC 701-CR-18 80
 CHAPTER 6 WATER SUPPLY AND DISTRIBUTION

609.7 Condensate drain trap seal. 4 The procedure shall be repeated where
shown by a bacteriological
A water supply shall be provided for cleaning,
examination that contamination
flushing and resealing the condensate trap, and
remains present in the system.
the trap shall discharge through an air gap in
accordance with Section 608. SECTION 611 DRINKING WATER
609.8 Valve leakage diverter. TREATMENT UNITS
Each water sterilizer filled with water through 611.1 Design.
directly connected piping shall be equipped Drinking water treatment units shall meet the
with an approved leakage diverter or bleed line requirements of NSF 42, NSF 44, NSF 53, NSF
on the water supply control valve to indicate 62 or CSA B483.1.
and conduct any leakage of unsterile water
away from the sterile zone. 611.2 Reverse osmosis systems.

SECTION 610 The discharge from a reverse osmosis drinking

water treatment unit shall enter the drainage
DISINFECTION OF POTABLE system through an air gap or an air gap device
WATER SYSTEM that meets the requirements of NSF 58 or CSA
610.1 General. B483.1.
New potable water systems shall be purged of 611.3 Connection tubing.
deleterious matter and disinfected prior to The tubing to and from drinking water
utilization. The method to be followed shall be treatment units shall be of a size and material as
that prescribed by the health authority or water recommended by the manufacturer. The tubing
purveyor having jurisdiction or, in the absence shall comply with NSF 14, NSF 42, NSF 44,
of a prescribed method, the procedure described NSF 53, NSF 58 or NSF 61.
in either AWWA C651 or AWWA C652, or as
described in this section. This requirement shall SECTION 612 SOLAR SYSTEMS
apply to “on-site” or “inplant” fabrication of a 612.1 Solar systems.
system or to a modular portion of a system.
The construction, installation, alterations and
1 The pipe system shall be flushed with repair of systems, equipment and appliances
clean, potable water until dirty water intended to utilize solar energy for space
does not appear at the points of outlet. heating or cooling, domestic hot water heating,
2 The system or part thereof shall be swimming pool heating or process heating shall
filled with a water/chlorine solution be in accordance with the SBC 501.
containing not less than 50 parts per
SECTION 613 TEMPERATURE
million (50 mg/L) of chlorine, and the
system or part thereof shall be valved CONTROL DEVICES AND VALVES
off and allowed to stand for 24 hours; 613.1 Temperature-actuated mixing
or the system or part thereof shall be valves.
filled with a water/chlorine solution
Temperature actuated mixing valves, which are
containing not less than 200 parts per
installed to reduce water temperatures to
million (200 mg/L) of chlorine and
defined limits, shall comply with ASSE 1017.
allowed to stand for 3 hours.
Such valves shall be installed at the hot water
3 Following the required standing time, source.
the system shall be flushed with clean
potable water until the chlorine is
purged from the system.

SBC 701-CR-18 81
CHAPTER 6 WATER SUPPLY AND DISTRIBUTION

Figures for Chapter 6

Figure 608.8.1
“PICTOGRAPH—DO NOT DRINK”

SBC 701-CR-18 82
 CHAPTER 7 SANITARY DRAINAGE

SANITARY DRAINAGE

SECTION 701 GENERAL 701.8 Drainage piping in food service

areas.
701.1 Scope.
Exposed soil or waste piping shall not be
The provisions of this chapter shall govern the installed above any working, storage or eating
materials, design, construction and installation
surfaces in food service establishments.
of sanitary drainage systems.
SECTION 702 MATERIALS
701.2 Sewer required.
Buildings in which plumbing fixtures are 702.1 Above-ground sanitary drainage
installed and premises having drainage piping and vent pipe.
shall be connected to a public sewer, where Above-ground soil, waste and vent pipe shall
available, or an approved private sewage conform to one of the standards listed in Table
disposal system in accordance with SBC 702. 702.1.
701.3 Separate sewer connection. 702.2 Underground building sanitary
A building having plumbing fixtures installed drainage and vent pipe.
and intended for human habitation, occupancy Underground building sanitary drainage and
or use on premises abutting on a street, alley or vent pipe shall conform to one of the standards
easement in which there is a public sewer shall listed in Table 702.2.
have a separate connection with the sewer.
Where located on the same lot, multiple 702.3 Building sewer pipe.
buildings shall not be prohibited from Building sewer pipe shall conform to one of the
connecting to a common building sewer that standards listed in Table 702.3.
connects to the public sewer.
702.4 Fittings.
701.4 Sewage treatment. Pipe fittings shall be approved for installation
Sewage or other waste from a plumbing system with the piping material installed and shall
that is deleterious to surface or subsurface comply with the applicable standards listed in
waters shall not be discharged into the ground Table 702.4.
or into any waterway unless it has first been
rendered innocuous through subjection to an 702.5 Temperature rating.
approved form of treatment. Where the waste water temperature will be
greater than60°C, the sanitary drainage piping
701.5 Damage to drainage system or material shall be rated for the highest
public sewer. temperature of the waste water.
Waste detrimental to the public sewer system or
to the functioning of the sewage-treatment plant 702.6 Chemical waste system.
shall be treated and disposed of in accordance A chemical waste system shall be completely
with Section 1003 as directed by the code separated from the sanitary drainage system.
official. The chemical waste shall be treated in
accordance with Section 803.2 before
701.6 Tests. discharging to the sanitary drainage system.
The sanitary drainage system shall be tested in Separate drainage systems for chemical wastes
accordance with Section 312. and vent pipes shall be of an approved material
that is resistant to corrosion and degradation for
701.7 Engineered systems. the concentrations of chemicals involved.
Engineered sanitary drainage systems shall
conform to the provisions of Sections 316 and 702.7 Lead bends and traps.
714. The wall thickness of lead bends and traps shall
be not less than 3.2 mm.

SBC 701-CR-18 83
CHAPTER 7 SANITARY DRAINAGE

TABLE 702.1 Above-Ground Drainage and Vent Pipe

MATERIAL STANDARD
Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) plastic pipe in IPS ASTM D 2661; ASTM F 628;
diameters, including Schedule 40, DR 22 (PS 200) and DR ASTM F 1488; CSA B181.1
24 (PS 140); with a solid, cellular core or composite wall
Brass pipe ASTM B 43
ASTM A 74; ASTM A 888; CISPI
Cast-iron pipe
301
Copper or copper-alloy pipe ASTM B 42; ASTM B 302
Copper or copper-alloy tubing ASTM B 75; ASTM B 88;
(Type K, L, M or DWV) ASTM B 251; ASTM B 306
Galvanized steel pipe ASTM A 53
Glass pipe ASTM C 1053
Polyolefin pipe ASTM F 1412; CSA B181.3
Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) plastic pipe in IPS diameters, ASTM D 2665; ASTM F 891;
including Schedule 40, DR 22 (PS 200), and DR 24 (PS ASTM F 1488; CSA B181.2
140); with a solid, cellular core or composite wall
Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) plastic pipe with a 88-mm O.D. ASTM D 2949, ASTM F 1488
and a solid, cellular core or composite wall
Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) plastic pipe ASTM F 1673; CSA B181.3
Stainless steel drainage systems, Types 304 and 316L ASME A112.3.1

TABLE 702.2 Underground Building Drainage and Vent Pipe

MATERIAL STANDARD
Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) plastic pipe in IPS
ASTM D 2661; ASTM F 628; ASTM
diameters, including Schedule 40, DR 22 (PS 200) and DR
F 1488; CSA B181.1
24 (PS 140); with a solid, cellular core or composite wall
ASTM A 74; ASTM A 888;
Cast-iron pipe
CISPI 301
Copper or copper-alloy tubing ASTM B 75; ASTM B 88; ASTM B
(Type K, L, M or DWV) 251; ASTM B 306
ASTM F 1412;
Polyolefin pipe
CSA B181.3
Polyvinyl chloride (PVC)
plastic pipe in IPS diameters, including Schedule 40, DR ASTM D 2665; ASTM F 891; ASTM
22 (PS 200) and DR 24 (PS 140); with a solid, cellular core F 1488; CSA B181.2
or composite wall
Polyvinyl chloride (PVC)
plastic pipe with a 88-mm O.D. and a solid, cellular core or ASTM D 2949, ASTM F 1488
composite wall
Polyvinylidene fluoride ASTM F 1673;
(PVDF) plastic pipe CSA B181.3
Stainless steel drainage
ASME A 112.3.1
systems, Type 316L

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TABLE 702.3 Building Sewer Pipe

MATERIAL STANDARD
Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) plastic pipe in IPS ASTM D 2661; ASTM F 628; ASTM
diameters, including Schedule 40, DR 22 (PS 200) and DR F 1488; CSA B181.1
24 (PS 140); with a solid, cellular core or composite wall
Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) plastic pipe in sewer
and drain diameters, including SDR 42 (PS 20), PS 35,
SDR 35 (PS 45), PS 50, PS 100, PS 140, SDR 23.5 (PS ASTM F 1488; ASTM D 2751
150) and PS 200; with a solid, cellular core or composite
wall
Cast-iron pipe ASTM A 74; ASTM A 888; CISPI
301
Concrete pipe ASTM C 14; ASTM C 76; CSA
A257.1M; CSA A257.2M
Copper or copper-alloy tubing (Type K or L) ASTM B 75; ASTM B 88; ASTM B
251
Polyethylene (PE) plastic pipe (SDR-PR) ASTM F 714
Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) plastic pipe in IPS diameters, ASTM D 2665; ASTM F 891; ASTM
including Schedule 40, DR 22 (PS 200) and DR 24 (PS F 1488
140); with a solid, cellular core or composite wall
Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) plastic pipe in sewer and drain ASTM F 891; ASTM F 1488; ASTM
diameters, including PS 25, SDR 41 (PS 28), PS 35, SDR D 3034; CSA B182.2; CSA B182.4
35 (PS 46), PS 50, PS 100, SDR 26 (PS 115), PS 140 and
PS 200; with a solid, cellular core or composite wall
Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) plastic pipe with a 88-mm O.D. ASTM D 2949, ASTM F 1488
and a solid, cellular core or composite wall
Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) plastic pipe ASTM F 1673; CSA B181.3
Stainless steel drainage systems, Types 304 and 316L ASME A112.3.1
Vitrified clay pipe ASTM C 4; ASTM C 700

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TABLE 702.4 Pipe Fittings

MATERIAL STANDARD
Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) plastic pipe in ASTM D 2661; ASTM F 628; CSA B181.1
IPS diameters
Acrylonotrile butadienemstyrene (ABS) plastic pipe ASTM D 2751
in sewer and drain diameters
ASME B 16.4; ASME B 16.12; ASTM A
Cast iron
74; ASTM A 888; CISPI 301
ASME B 16.15; ASME B 16.18; ASME B
Copper or copper alloy 16.22; ASME B 16.23; ASME B 16.26;
ASME B 16.29
Glass ASTM C 1053
Gray iron and ductile iron AWWA C 110/A21.10
Malleable iron ASME B 16.3
Polyolefin ASTM F 1412; CSA B181.3
Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) plastic in IPS diameters ASTM D 2665; ASTM F 1866
Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) plastic pipe in sewer and ASTM D 3034
drain diameters
Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) plastic pipe with a 88-mm ASTM D 2949
O.D.
Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) plastic pipe ASTM F 1673;
CSA B181.3
Stainless steel drainage systems, Types 304 and 316L ASME A 112.3.1
ASME B 16.9; ASME B 16.11; ASME B
Steel
16.28
Vitrified clay ASTM C 700

systems only where found by examination and

SECTION 703 BUILDING SEWER test to conform to the new system in quality of
703.1 Building sewer pipe near the material. The code official shall notify the
water service. owner to make the changes necessary to
conform to this code.
The proximity of a sewer to a water service
shall comply with Section 603.2. 703.5 Cleanouts on building sewers.
703.2 Drainage pipe in filled ground. Cleanouts on building sewers shall be located
as set forth in Section 708.
Where a building sewer or building drain is
installed on filled or unstable ground, the Improperly located cleanouts may create
drainage pipe shall conform to one of the difficulties in the cleaning of stoppages in the
standards for ABS plastic pipe, cast-iron pipe, drainage system. Cleanout locations and
copper or copper alloy tubing, or PVC plastic spacing requirements are stated in Section 708.
pipe listed in Table 702.3.
703.6 Combined sanitary and storm
703.3 Sanitary and storm sewers. public sewer.
Where separate systems of sanitary drainage Where the public sewer is a combined system
and storm drainage are installed in the same for both sanitary and storm water, the sanitary
property, the sanitary and storm building sewer shall be connected independently to the
sewers or drains shall be permitted to be laid public sewer.
side by side in one trench.
SECTION 704 DRAINAGE PIPING
703.4 Existing building sewers and INSTALLATION
drains.
704.1 Slope of horizontal drainage
Existing building sewers and drains shall piping.
connect with new building sewer and drainage

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Horizontal drainage piping shall be installed in 705.2.2 Solvent cementing.

uniform alignment at uniform slopes. The slope Joint surfaces shall be clean and free from
of a horizontal drainage pipe shall be not less moisture. Solvent cement that conforms to
than that indicated in Table 704.1. ASTM D 2235 or CSA B181.1 shall be applied
TABLE 704.1 Slope of Horizontal to all joint surfaces. The joint shall be made
Drainage Pipe while the cement is wet. Joints shall be made in
accordance with ASTM D 2235, ASTM D
SIZE MINIMUM SLOPE 2661, ASTM F 628 or CSA B181.1. Solvent
(mm) ( %) cement joints shall be permitted above or below
65 or less 2 ground.
80 to 150 1 705.2.3 Threaded joints.
200 or larger 0.5
Threads shall conform to ASME B1.20.1.
Schedule 80 or heavier pipe shall be permitted
704.2 Change in size. to be threaded with dies specifically designed
The size of the drainage piping shall not be for plastic pipe. Approved thread lubricant or
reduced in size in the direction of the flow. A tape shall be applied on the male threads only.
100 mm by 75 mm water closet connection 705.3 Brass.
shall not be considered as a reduction in size.
Joints between brass pipe or fittings shall
704.3 Connections to offsets and bases comply with Sections 705.3.1 through 705.3.4.
of stacks.
705.3.1 Brazed joints.
Horizontal branches shall connect to the bases
All joint surfaces shall be cleaned. An approved
of stacks at a point located not less than 10
flux shall be applied where required. The joint
times the diameter of the drainage stack
shall be brazed with a filler metal conforming
downstream from the stack. Horizontal
to AWS A5.8.
branches shall connect to horizontal stack
offsets at a point located not less than 10 times 705.3.2 Mechanical joints.
the diameter of the drainage stack downstream
Mechanical joints shall be installed in
from the upper stack.
accordance with the manufacturer’s
704.4 Future fixtures. instructions.
Drainage piping for future fixtures shall 705.3.3 Threaded joints.
terminate with an approved cap or plug.
Threads shall conform to ASME B1.20.1. Pipe-
SECTION 705 JOINTS joint compound or tape shall be applied on the
male threads only.
705.1 General.
This section contains provisions applicable to 705.3.4 Welded joints.
joints specific to sanitary drainage piping. All joint surfaces shall be cleaned. The joint
shall be welded with an approved filler metal.
705.2 ABS plastic.
Joints between ABS plastic pipe or fittings shall 705.4 Cast iron.
comply with Sections 705.2.1 through 705.2.3. Joints between cast-iron pipe or fittings shall
comply with Sections 705.4.1 through 705.4.3.
705.2.1 Mechanical joints.
Mechanical joints on drainage pipes shall be 705.4.1 Caulked joints.
made with an elastomeric seal conforming to Joints for hub and spigot pipe shall be firmly
ASTM C 1173, ASTM D 3212 or CSA B602. packed with oakum or hemp. Molten lead shall
Mechanical joints shall be installed only in be poured in one operation to a depth of not less
underground systems unless otherwise than 25 mm. The lead shall not recede more
approved. Joints shall be installed in than 3.2 mm below the rim of the hub and shall
accordance with the manufacturer’s be caulked tight. Paint, varnish or other
instructions. coatings shall not be permitted on the jointing
material until after the joint has been tested and

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approved. Lead shall be run in one pouring and male threads only.
shall be caulked tight. Acid-resistant rope and
acid proof cement shall be permitted. 705.6.5 Welded joints.
All joint surfaces shall be cleaned. The joint
705.4.2 Compression gasket joints. shall be welded with an approved filler metal.
Compression gaskets for hub and spigot pipe
and fittings shall conform to ASTM C 564 and 705.7 Copper tubing.
shall be tested to ASTM C 1563. Gaskets shall Joints between copper or copper-alloy tubing or
be compressed when the pipe is fully inserted. fittings shall comply with Sections 705.7.1
through 705.7.3.
705.4.3 Mechanical joint coupling.
Mechanical joint couplings for hubless pipe and 705.7.1 Brazed joints.
fittings shall consist of an elastomeric sealing All joint surfaces shall be cleaned. An approved
sleeve and a metallic shield that comply with flux shall be applied where required. The joint
CISPI 310, ASTM C 1277 or ASTM C 1540. shall be brazed with a filler metal conforming
The elastomeric sealing sleeve shall conform to to AWS A5.8.
ASTM C 564 or CSA B602 and shall be
provided with a center stop. Mechanical joint 705.7.2 Mechanical joints.
couplings shall be installed in accordance with Mechanical joints shall be installed in
the manufacturer’s instructions. accordance with the manufacturer’s
instructions.
705.5 Concrete joints.
Joints between concrete pipe and fittings shall 705.7.3 Solder joints.
be made with an elastomeric seal conforming to Solder joints shall be made in accordance with
ASTM C 443, ASTM C 1173, CSA A257.3M the methods of ASTM B 828. Cut tube ends
or CSA B602. shall be reamed to the full inside diameter of the
tube end. All joint surfaces shall be cleaned. A
705.6 Copper pipe. flux conforming to ASTM B 813 shall be
Joints between copper or copper-alloy pipe or applied. The joint shall be soldered with a
fittings shall comply with Sections 705.6.1 solder conforming to ASTM B 32.
through 705.6.5.
705.8 Borosilicate glass joints.
705.6.1 Brazed joints. Glass-to-glass connections shall be made with
All joint surfaces shall be cleaned. An approved a bolted compression-type, 300 series stainless
flux shall be applied where required. The joint steel coupling with contoured acid-resistant
shall be brazed with a filler metal conforming elastomeric compression ring and a
to AWS A5.8. fluorocarbon polymer inner seal ring; or with
caulked joints in accordance with Section
705.6.2 Mechanical joints. 705.8.1.
Mechanical joints shall be installed in
accordance with the manufacturer’s 705.8.1 Caulked joints.
instructions. Lead-caulked joints for hub and spigot soil pipe
shall be firmly packed with oakum or hemp and
705.6.3 Solder joints. filled with molten lead not less than 25 mm in
Solder joints shall be made in accordance with depth and not to recede more than 3.2 mm
the methods of ASTM B 828. Cut tube ends below the rim of the hub. Paint, varnish or other
shall be reamed to the full inside diameter of the coatings shall not be permitted on the jointing
tube end. All joint surfaces shall be cleaned. A material until after the joint has been tested and
flux conforming to ASTM B 813 shall be approved. Lead shall be run in one pouring and
applied. The joint shall be soldered with a shall be caulked tight. Acid-resistant rope and
solder conforming to ASTM B 32. acid proof cement shall be permitted.
705.6.4 Threaded joints. 705.9 Steel.
Threads shall conform to ASME B1.20.1. Pipe- Joints between galvanized steel pipe or fittings
joint compound or tape shall be applied on the shall comply with Sections 705.9.1 and 705.9.2.

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705.9.1 Threaded joints. Joint surfaces shall be clean and free from
Threads shall conform to ASME B1.20.1. Pipe- moisture. A purple primer that conforms to
joint compound or tape shall be applied on the ASTM F 656 shall be applied. Solvent cement
male threads only. not purple in color and conforming to ASTM D
2564, CSA B137.3, CSA B181.2 or CSA
705.9.2 Mechanical joints. B182.1 shall be applied to all joint surfaces.
Joints shall be made with an approved The joint shall be made while the cement is wet
elastomeric seal. Mechanical joints shall be and shall be in accordance with ASTM D 2855.
installed in accordance with the manufacturer’s Solvent cement joints shall be permitted above
instructions. or below ground.

705.9.3 Threaded joints. Exception:

Threads shall conform to ASME B1.20.1. Pipe- A primer is not required where both of the
joint compound or tape shall be applied on the following conditions apply:
male threads only. 1. The solvent cement used is third-party
705.9.4 Mechanical joints. certified as conforming to ASTM D 2564.
Joints shall be made with an approved 2. The solvent cement is used only for
elastomeric seal. Mechanical joints shall be joining PVC drain, waste and vent pipe
installed in accordance with the manufacturer’s and fittings in non-pressure applications in
instructions. sizes up to and including 100 mm in
diameter.
705.10 Lead.
Joints between lead pipe or fittings shall 705.11.3 Threaded joints.
comply with Sections 705.10.1 and 705.10.2. Threads shall conform to ASME B1.20.1.
Schedule 80 or heavier pipe shall be permitted
705.10.1 Burned. to be threaded with dies specifically designed
Burned joints shall be uniformly fused together for plastic pipe. Approved thread lubricant or
into one continuous piece. The thickness of the tape shall be applied on the male threads only.
joint shall be at least as thick as the lead being
joined. The filler metal shall be of the same 705.12 Vitrified clay.
material as the pipe. Joints between vitrified clay pipe or fittings
shall be made with an elastomeric seal
705.10.2 Wiped. conforming to ASTM C 425, ASTM C 1173 or
Joints shall be fully wiped, with an exposed CSA B602.
surface on each side of the joint not less than 19
mm. The joint shall be not less than 9.5 mm 705.13 Polyethylene plastic pipe.
thick at the thickest point. Joints between polyethylene plastic pipe and
fittings shall be underground and shall comply
705.11 PVC plastic. with Section 705.13.1 or 705.13.2.
Joints between PVC plastic pipe or fittings shall
comply with Sections 705.11.1 through 705.13.1 Heat-fusion joints.
705.11.3. Joint surfaces shall be clean and free from
moisture. All joint surfaces shall be cut, heated
705.11.1 Mechanical joints. to melting temperature and joined using tools
Mechanical joints on drainage pipe shall be specifically designed for the operation. Joints
made with an elastomeric seal conforming to shall be undisturbed until cool. Joints shall be
ASTM C 1173, ASTM D 3212 or CSA B602. made in accordance with ASTM D 2657 and
Mechanical joints shall not be installed in the manufacturer’s instructions.
above-ground systems, unless otherwise
approved. Joints shall be installed in 705.13.2 Mechanical joints.
accordance with the manufacturer’s Mechanical joints in drainage piping shall be
instructions. made with an elastomeric seal conforming to
ASTM C 1173, ASTM D 3212 or CSA B602.
705.11.2 Solvent cementing. Mechanical joints shall be installed in

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accordance with the manufacturer’s CSA A257.3M or CSA B602, or as required in

instructions. Sections 705.16.1 through 705.16.7. Joints
between glass pipe and other types of materials
705.14 Polyolefin plastic. shall be made with adapters having a TFE seal.
Joints between polyolefin plastic pipe and Joints shall be installed in accordance with the
fittings shall comply with Sections 705.14.1 manufacturer’s instructions.
and 705.14.2.
705.16.1 Copper or copper-alloy tubing to
705.14.1 Heat-fusion joints. cast-iron hub pipe.
Heat-fusion joints for polyolefin pipe and Joints between copper or copper-alloy tubing
tubing joints shall be installed with socket type and cast-iron hub pipe shall be made with a
heat-fused polyolefin fittings or electrofusion brass ferrule or compression joint. The copper
polyolefin fittings. Joint surfaces shall be clean or copper-alloy tubing shall be soldered to the
and free from moisture. The joint shall be ferrule in an approved manner, and the ferrule
undisturbed until cool. Joints shall be made in shall be joined to the cast-iron hub by a caulked
accordance with ASTM F 1412 or CSA B181.3. joint or a mechanical compression joint.
705.14.2 Mechanical and compression 705.16.2 Copper or copper-alloy tubing to
sleeve joints. galvanized steel pipe.
Mechanical and compression sleeve joints shall Joints between copper or copper-alloy tubing
be installed in accordance with the and galvanized steel pipe shall be made with a
manufacturer’s instructions. brass converter fitting or dielectric fitting. The
copper tubing shall be soldered to the fitting in
705.15 Polyvinylidene fluoride plastic. an approved manner, and the fitting shall be
Joints between polyvinylidene plastic pipe and screwed to the threaded pipe.
fittings shall comply with Sections 705.15.1
and 705.15.2. 705.16.3 Cast-iron pipe to galvanized steel
or brass pipe.
705.15.1 Heat-fusion joints. Joints between cast-iron and galvanized steel or
Heat-fusion joints for polyvinylidene fluoride brass pipe shall be made by either caulked or
pipe and tubing joints shall be installed with threaded joints or with an approved adapter
socket-type heat-fused polyvinylidene fluoride fitting.
fittings or electrofusion polyvinylidene fittings
and couplings. Joint surfaces shall be clean and 705.16.4 Plastic pipe or tubing to other
free from moisture. The joint shall be piping material.
undisturbed until cool. Joints shall be made in Joints between different types of plastic pipe or
accordance with ASTM F 1673. between plastic pipe and other piping material
shall be made with an approved adapter fitting.
705.15.2 Mechanical and compression Joints between plastic pipe and cast-iron hub
sleeve joints. pipe shall be made by a caulked joint or a
Mechanical and compression sleeve joints shall mechanical compression joint.
be installed in accordance with the
manufacturer’s instructions. 705.16.5 Lead pipe to other piping
material.
705.16 Joints between different Joints between lead pipe and other piping
materials. material shall be made by a wiped joint to a
Joints between different piping materials shall caulking ferrule, soldering nipple or bushing or
be made with a mechanical joint of the shall be made with an approved adapter fitting.
compression or mechanical-sealing type
conforming to ASTM C 1173, ASTM C 1460 705.16.6 Borosilicate glass to other
or ASTM C 1461. Connectors and adapters materials.
shall be approved for the application and such Joints between glass pipe and other types of
joints shall have an elastomeric seal materials shall be made with adapters having a
conforming to ASTM C 425, ASTM C 443, TFE seal and shall be installed in accordance
ASTM C 564, ASTM C 1440, ASTM F 477, with the manufacturer’s instructions.

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705.16.7 Stainless steel drainage systems All connections and changes in direction of the
to other materials. sanitary drainage system shall be made with
Joints between stainless steel drainage systems approved drainage fittings. Connections
and other piping materials shall be made with between drainage piping and fixtures shall
approved mechanical couplings. conform to Section 405.

705.17 Drainage slip joints. 706.2 Obstructions.

Slip joints shall comply with Section 405.8. The fittings shall not have ledges, shoulders or
reductions capable of retarding or obstructing
705.18 Caulking ferrules. flow in the piping. Threaded drainage pipe
Ferrules shall be of red brass and shall be in fittings shall be of the recessed drainage type.
accordance with Table 705.18. This section shall not be applicable to tubular
waste fittings used to convey vertical flow
TABLE 705.18 Caulking Ferrule upstream of the trap seal liquid level of a fixture
Specifications trap.
PIPE INSIDE LENGTH MINIMUM 706.3 Installation of fittings.
SIZES DIAMETER (mm) WEIGHT
(mm) (mm) EACH (gram) Fittings shall be installed to guide sewage and
50 55 115 450 waste in the direction of flow. Change in
80 85 115 800 direction shall be made by fittings installed in
100 115 115 1100 accordance with Table 706.3. Change in
direction by combination fittings, side inlets or
increasers shall be installed in accordance with
705.19 Soldering bushings.
Table 706.3 based on the pattern of flow created
Soldering bushings shall be of red brass and by the fitting. Double sanitary tee patterns shall
shall be in accordance with Table 705.19. not receive the discharge of back-to-back water
closets and fixtures or appliances with pumping
TABLE 705.19 Soldering Bushing action discharge.
Specifications Exception: Back-to-back water closet
connections to double sanitary tees shall be
PIPE SIZES MINIMUM WEIGHT permitted where the horizontal developed
(mm) EACH (gram) length between the outlet of the water closet
32 170 and the connection to the double sanitary tee
40 225 pattern is 450 mm or greater.
50 400
65 625 706.4 Heelor side-inlet quarter bends.
80 900 Heel-inlet quarter bends shall be an acceptable
100 1600 means of connection, except where the quarter
bend serves a water closet. A low-heel inlet
705.20 Stainless steel drainage systems. shall not be used as a wet-vented connection.
O-ring joints for stainless steel drainage Side-inlet quarter bends shall be an acceptable
systems shall be made with an approved means of connection for drainage, wet venting
elastomeric seal. and stack venting arrangements.
SECTION 706 CONNECTIONS
BETWEEN DRAINAGE PIPING AND
FITTINGS
706.1 Connections and changes in
direction.

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TABLE 706.3 Fittings for Change in Direction

TYPE OF FITTING CHANGE IN DIRECTION

PATTERN Horizontal to Vertical to Horizontal to
vertical horizontal horizontal
Sixteenth bend X X X
Eighth bend X X X
Sixth bend X X X
Quarter bend X Xa Xa
Short sweep X Xa,b Xa
Long sweep X X X
Sanitary tee Xc — —
Wye X X X
Combination wye and eighth X X X
bend
a. The fittings shall only be permitted for a 50 mm or smaller fixture drain.
b. 80 mm or larger.
c. For a limitation on double sanitary tees, see Section 705.3.

SECTION 707 PROHIBITED JOINTS length shall be measured from the cleanout or
AND CONNECTIONS manhole opening, along the developed length
of the piping to the next drainage fitting
707.1 Prohibited joints. providing access for cleaning, the end of the
The following types of joints and connections horizontal drain or the end of the building drain.
shall be prohibited: Exception: Horizontal fixture drain piping
1 Cement or concrete joints. serving a non-removable trap shall not be
required to have a clean-out for the section of
2 Mastic or hot-pour bituminous joints. piping between the trap and the vent connection
3 Joints made with fittings not approved for such trap.
for the specific installation. 708.1.2 Building sewers.
4 Joints between different diameter pipes Building sewers smaller than 200 mm shall
made with elastomeric rolling O-rings. have cleanouts located at intervals of not more
5 Solvent-cement joints between than 30 m. Building sewers 200 mm and larger
different types of plastic pipe. shall have a manhole located not more than
60 m from the junction of the building drain and
6 Saddle-type fittings. building sewer and at intervals of not more than
SECTION 708 CLEANOUTS 120 m. The interval length shall be measured
from the cleanout or manhole opening, along
708.1 Cleanouts required. the developed length of the piping to the next
Cleanouts shall be provided for drainage piping drainage fitting providing access for cleaning, a
in accordance with Sections 708.1.1 through manhole or the end of the building sewer.
708.1.11. 708.1.3 Building drain and building
708.1.1 Horizontal drains and building sewer junction.
drains. The junction of the building drain and the
Horizontal drainage pipes in buildings shall building sewer shall be served by a cleanout
have cleanouts located at intervals of not more that is located at the junction or within 3000
than 30 m. Building drains shall have cleanouts mm of the developed length of piping upstream
located at intervals of not more than 30 m of the junction. For the requirements of this
except where manholes are used instead of section, the removal of the water closet shall not
cleanouts, the manholes shall be located at be required to provide cleanout access.
intervals of not more than 122 m. The interval

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708.1.4 Changes of direction. The installation arrangement of a cleanout shall

Where a horizontal drainage pipe, a building enable cleaning of drainage piping only in the
drain or a building sewer has a change of direction of drainage flow.
horizontal direction greater than 45 degrees, a Exceptions:
cleanout shall be installed at the change of
direction. Where more than one change of 1. Test tees serving as cleanouts.
horizontal direction greater than 45 degrees 2. A two-way cleanout installation that is
occurs within 12 m of developed length of approved for meeting the requirements of
piping, the cleanout installed for the first Section 708.1.3.
change of direction shall serve as the cleanout
for all changes in direction within that 12 m of 708.1.9 Required clearance.
developed length of piping. Cleanouts for 150 mm and smaller piping shall
be provided with a clearance of not less than
708.1.5 Cleanout size. 500 mm from, and perpendicular to, the face of
Cleanouts shall be the same size as the piping the opening to any obstruction. Cleanouts for
served by the cleanout, except that cleanouts for 200 mm and larger piping shall be provided
piping larger than 100 mm need not be larger with a clearance of not less than 900 mm from,
than 100 mm. and perpendicular to, the face of the opening to
Exceptions: any obstruction.

1. A removable P-trap with slip or ground 708.1.10 Cleanout access.

joint connections can serve as a cleanout Required cleanouts shall not be installed in
for drain piping that is one size larger than concealed locations. For the purposes of this
the P-trap size. section, concealed locations include, but are not
2. Cleanouts located on stacks can be one limited to, the inside of plenums, within walls,
size smaller than the stack size. within floor/ceiling assemblies, below grade
and in crawl spaces where the height from the
3. The size of cleanouts for cast-iron piping crawl space floor to the nearest obstruction
can be in accordance with the referenced along the path from the crawl space opening to
standards for cast-iron fittings as indicated the cleanout location is less than 600 mm.
in Table 702.4. Cleanouts with openings at a finished wall shall
have the face of the opening located within 38
708.1.6 Cleanout plugs.
mm of the finished wall surface. Cleanouts
Cleanout plugs shall be of brass, plastic or other located below grade shall be extended to grade
approved materials. Cleanout plugs for level so that the top of the cleanout plug is at or
borosilicate glass piping systems shall be of above grade. A cleanout installed in a floor or
borosilicate glass. Brass cleanout plugs shall walkway that will not have a trim cover
conform to ASTM A 74 and shall be limited for installed shall have a countersunk plug installed
use only on metallic piping systems. Plastic so the top surface of the plug is flush with the
cleanout plugs shall conform to the referenced finished surface of the floor or walkway.
standards for plastic pipe fittings, as indicated
in Table 702.4. Cleanout plugs shall have a 708.1.10.1 Cleanout plug trim covers.
raised square head, a countersunk square head Trim covers and access doors for cleanout plugs
or a countersunk slot head. Where a cleanout shall be designed for such purposes and shall be
plug will have a trim cover screw installed into approved. Trim cover fasteners that thread into
the plug, the plug shall be manufactured with a cleanout plugs shall be corrosion resistant.
blind end threaded hole for such purpose. Cleanout plugs shall not be covered with
mortar, plaster or any other permanent material.
708.1.7 Manholes.
Manholes and manhole covers shall be of an 708.1.10.2 Floor cleanout assemblies.
approved type. Manholes located inside of a Where it is necessary to protect a cleanout plug
building shall have gas-tight covers that require from the loads of vehicular traffic, cleanout
tools for removal. assemblies in accordance with ASME
A112.36.2M shall be installed.
708.1.8 Installation arrangement.

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708.1.11 Prohibited use. Where waste receptors such as floor drains,

The use of a threaded cleanout opening to add floor sinks and hub drains receive only clear-
a fixture or to extend piping shall be prohibited water waste from display cases, refrigerated
except where another cleanout of equal size is display cases, ice bins, coolers and freezers,
installed with the required access and clearance. such receptors shall have a drainage fixture unit
value of one half.
SECTION 709 FIXTURE UNITS
709.1 Values for fixtures.
SECTION 710 DRAINAGE SYSTEM
Drainage fixture unit values as given in Table SIZING
709.1 designate the relative load weight of
different kinds of fixtures that shall be 710.1 Maximum fixture unit load.
employed in estimating the total load carried by The maximum number of drainage fixture units
a soil or waste pipe, and shall be used in connected to a given size of building sewer,
connection with Tables 710.1(1) and 710.1(2) building drain or horizontal branch of the
of sizes for soil, waste and vent pipes for which building drain shall be determined using Table
the permissible load is given in terms of fixture 710.1(1). The maximum number of drainage
units. fixture units connected to a given size of
709.2 Fixtures not listed in Table 709.1. horizontal branch or vertical soil or waste stack
shall be determined using Table 710.1(2).
Fixtures not listed in Table 709.1 shall have a
drainage fixture unit load based on the outlet
size of the fixture in accordance with Table
709.2. The minimum trap size for unlisted 710.1.1 Horizontal stack offsets.
fixtures shall be the size of the drainage outlet Horizontal stack offsets shall be sized as
but not less than 32 mm. required for building drains in accordance with
Table 710.1(1), except as required by Section
709.3 Values for continuous and 7011.3.
semicontinuous flow.
Drainage fixture unit values for continuous and 710.1.2 Vertical stack offsets.
semicontinuous flow into a drainage system Vertical stack offsets shall be sized as required
shall be computed on the basis that 0.06 L/s of for straight stacks in accordance with Table
flow is equivalent to two fixture units. 710.1(2), except where required to be sized as a
building drain in accordance with Section
709.4 Values for indirect waste 711.1.1.
receptor.
The drainage fixture unit load of an indirect 710.2 Future fixtures.
waste receptor receiving the discharge of Where provision is made for the future
indirectly connected fixtures shall be the sum of installation of fixtures, those provided for shall
the drainage fixture unit values of the fixtures be considered in determining the required sizes
that discharge to the receptor, but not less than of drain pipes.
the drainage fixture unit value given for the
indirect waste receptor in Table 709.1 or 709.2.
709.4.1 Clear-water waste receptors.

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TABLE 709.1 Drainage Fixture Units for Fixtures And Groups

DRAINAGE
MINIMUM
FIXTURE UNIT
FIXTURE TYPE SIZE OF
VALUE AS LOAD
TRAP (mm)
FACTORS
Automatic clothes washers, commerciala,g 3 50
Automatic clothes washers, residentialg 2 50
Bathroom group as defined in Section 202 (6 Lpf water closet)f 5 —
Bathroom group as defined in Section 202 (water closet flushing greater 6 —
than 6 Lpf)f
Bathtubb(with or without overhead shower or whirpool attachments) 2 40
Bidet 1 40
Combination sink and tray 2 40
Dental lavatory 1 40
Dental unit or cuspidor 1 40
Dishwashing machinec, domestic 2 40
Drinking fountain 1/2 40
Emergency floor drain 0 50
Floor drainsh 2h 50
Floor sinks Note h 50
Kitchen sink, domestic 2 40
Kitchen sink, domestic with food waste disposer and/or dishwasher 2 40
Laundry tray (1 or 2 compartments) 2 40
Lavatory 1 40
Shower (based on the total flow rate through showerheads and body
sprays)
Flow rate:
22 Lpm or less 2 40
Greater than 22 Lpm to 46 Lpm 3 50
Greater than 46 Lpm to 98 Lpm 5 76
Greater than 98 Lpm to 210 Lpm 6 102
Service sink 2 40
Sink 2 40
Urinal 4 Note d
Urinal, 3.8 L per flush or less 2e Note d
Urinal, nonwater supplied 1/2 Note d
Wash sink (circular or multiple) each set of faucets 2 40
Water closet, flushometer tank, public or private 4e Note d
Water closet, private (6 Lpf) 3e Note d
Water closet, private (flushing greater than 6 Lpf) 4e Note d
Water closet, public (6 Lpf) 4e Note d
Water closet, public (flushing greater than 6 Lpf) 6e Note d
a. For traps larger than 80 mm, use Table 7092.
b. A showerhead over a bathtub or whirlpool bathtub attachment does not increase the drainage fixture unit
value.
c. See Sections 709.2 through 709.4.1 for methods of computing unit value of fixtures not listed in this table
or for rating of devices with intermittent flows.
d. Trap size shall be consistent with the fixture outlet size.
e. For the purpose of computing loads on building drains and sewers, water closets and urinals shall not be
rated at a lower drainage fixture unit unless the lower values are confirmed by testing.
f. For fixtures added to a bathroom group, add the dfu value of those additional fixtures to the bathroom
group fixture count.
g. See Section 406.2 for sizing requirements for fixture drain, branch drain and drainage stack for an
automatic clothes washer standpipe.
h. See Sections 709.4 and 709.4.1.

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TABLE 709.2 Drainage Fixture Units for Fixture Drains or Traps

FIXTURE DRAIN OR TRAP SIZE (mm) DRAINAGE FIXTURE UNIT VALUE
40 2
50 3
65 4
80 5
100 6

TABLE 710.1(1) Building Drains and Sewers

Maximum Number Of Drainage Fixture Units Connected To Any Portion Of
The Building Drain Or The Building Sewer, Including Branches Of The
DIAMETER OF
Building Draina
PIPE (mm)
Slope mm per meter
5 mm 10 mm 20 mm 40 mm
40 — — 3 3
50 — — 21 26
65 — — 24 31
75 — 36 42 50
100 — 180 216 250
125 — 390 480 575
150 — 700 840 1,000
200 1,400 1,600 1,920 2,300
250 2,500 2,900 3,500 4,200
300 3,900 4,600 5,600 6,700
375 7000 8300 10000 12,000
a. The minimum size of any building drain serving a water closet shall be 75 mm.

TABLE 710.1(2) Horizontal Fixture Branches and Stacksa

Maximum number of drainage fixture units
(dfu)
Stacksb
DIAMETER
Total for stack
OF PIPE (mm) Total for Total for stack of
Total discharge into greater than
horizontal branch three branch
one branch interval three branch
Intervals or less
intervals
40 3 2 4 8
50 6 6 10 24
65 12 9 20 42
80 20 20 48 72
100 160 90 240 500
125 360 200 540 1,100
150 620 350 960 1,900
200 1,400 600 2,200 3,600
250 2,500 1,000 3,800 5,600
300 3,900 1,500 6,000 8,400
375 7,000 Note c Note c Note c
a. Does not include branches of the building drain. Refer to Table 710.1(1).
b. Stacks shall be sized based on the total accumulated connected load at each story or branch interval. As
the total accumulated connected load decreases, stacks are permitted to be reduced in size. Stack diameters
shall not be reduced to less than one-half of the diameter of the largest stack size required.
c. Sizing load based on design criteria
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SECTION 711 OFFSETS IN change in diameter of the stack because of the

DRAINAGE PIPING IN BUILDINGS offset shall not be required. If a horizontal
offset occurs in a soil or waste stack below the
OF FIVE STORIES OR MORE
lowest horizontal branch, the required diameter
711.1 Horizontal branch connections of the offset and the stack below it shall be
above or below vertical stack determined as for a building drain in
offsets. accordance with Table 710.1(1).
If a horizontal branch connects to the stack SECTION 712 SUMPS AND
within 600 mm above or below a vertical stack EJECTORS
offset, and the offset is located more than four
branch intervals below the top of the stack, the 712.1 Building sub-drains.
offset shall be vented in accordance with Building sub-drains that cannot be discharged
Section 907. to the sewer by gravity flow shall be discharged
into a tightly covered and vented sump from
711.1.1 Omission of vents for vertical which the liquid shall be lifted and discharged
stack offsets. into the building gravity drainage system by
Vents for vertical offsets required by Section automatic pumping equipment or other
711.1 shall not be required where the stack and approved method. In other than existing
its offset are sized as a building drain [see Table structures, the sump shall not receive drainage
710.1(1)]. from any piping within the building capable of
being discharged by gravity to the building
711.2 Horizontal stack offsets.
sewer.
A stack with a horizontal offset located more
than four branch intervals below the top of the 712.2 Valves required.
stack shall be vented in accordance with A check valve and a full open valve located on
Section 907 and sized as follows: the discharge side of the check valve shall be
1 The portion of the stack above the installed in the pump or ejector discharge
offset shall be sized as for a vertical piping between the pump or ejector and the
stack based on the total number of gravity drainage system. Access shall be
drainage fixture units above the offset. provided to such valves. Such valves shall be
located above the sump cover required by
2 The offset shall be sized in accordance Section 712.1 or, where the discharge pipe from
with Section 710.1.1. the ejector is below grade, the valves shall be
3 The portion of the stack below the accessibly located outside the sump below
offset shall be sized as for the offset or grade in an access pit with a removable access
based on the total number of drainage cover.
fixture units on the entire stack,
712.3 Sump design.
whichever is larger [see Table
710.1(2), Column 5]. The sump pump, pit and discharge piping shall
conform to the requirements of Sections
711.2.1 Omission of vents for horizontal 712.3.1 through 712.3.5.
stack offsets.
712.3.1 Sump pump.
Vents for horizontal stack offsets required by
Section 711.2 shall not be required where the The sump pump capacity and head shall be
stack and its offset are one pipe size larger than appropriate to anticipated use requirements.
required for a building drain [see Table
712.3.2 Sump pit.
710.1(1)] and the entire stack and offset are not
less in cross-sectional area than that required The sump pit shall be not less than 500 mm in
for a straight stack plus the area of an offset vent diameter and not less than 600 mm in depth,
as provided for in Section 907. unless otherwise approved. The pit shall be
accessible and located such that all drainage
711.3 Offsets below lowest branch. flows into the pit by gravity. The sump pit shall
Where a vertical offset occurs in a soil or waste be constructed of tile, concrete, steel, plastic or
stack below the lowest horizontal branch, a other approved materials. The pit bottom shall

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be solid and provide permanent support for the ASME A112.3.4/CSA B45.9 and shall be
pump. The sump pit shall be fitted with a installed in accordance with the manufacturer’s
gastight removable cover that is installed flush instructions.
with grade or floor level, or above grade or floor
level. The cover shall be adequate to support 712.4.2 Capacity.
anticipated loads in the area of use. The sump A sewage pump or sewage ejector shall have
pit shall be vented in accordance with Chapter the capacity and head for the application
9. requirements. Pumps or ejectors that receive the
discharge of water closets shall be capable of
712.3.3 Discharge pipe and fittings. handling spherical solids with a diameter of up
Discharge pipe and fittings serving sump to and including 50 mm. Other pumps or
pumps and ejectors shall be constructed of ejectors shall be capable of handling spherical
materials in accordance with Sections 712.3.3.1 solids with a diameter of up to and including 25
and 712.3.3.2 and shall be approved. mm. The capacity of a pump or ejector based on
the diameter of the discharge pipe shall be not
712.3.3.1 Materials. less than that indicated in Table 712.4.2.
Pipe and fitting materials shall be constructed
Exceptions:
of brass, copper, CPVC, ductile iron, PE, or
PVC. 1. Grinder pumps or grinder ejectors that
receive the discharge of water closets shall
712.3.3.2 Ratings. have a discharge opening of not less than
Pipe and fittings shall be rated for the maximum 32 mm.
system operating pressure and temperature.
2. Macerating toilet assemblies that serve
Pipe fitting materials shall be compatible with
single water closets shall have a discharge
the pipe material. Where pipe and fittings are
opening of not less than 20 mm.
buried in the earth, they shall be suitable for
burial.
TABLE 712.4.2 Minimum Capacity of Sewage
712.3.4 Maximum effluent level. Pump or Sewage Ejector
The effluent level control shall be adjusted and DIAMETER OF CAPACITY OF
maintained to at all times prevent the effluent in THE DISCHARGE PUMP OR EJECTOR
the sump from rising to within 50 mm of the PIPE (mm) (L/min)
invert of the gravity drain inlet into the sump. 50 80

712.3.5 Pump connection to the drainage 65 115

system. 80 175
Pumps connected to the drainage system shall
connect to a building sewer, building drain, soil SECTION 713 HEALTH CARE
stack, waste stack or horizontal branch drain. PLUMBING
Where the discharge line connects into
713.1 Scope.
horizontal drainage piping, the connection shall
be made through a wye fitting into the top of the This section shall govern those aspects of health
drainage piping and such wye fitting shall be care plumbing systems that differ from
located not less than 10 pipe diameters from the plumbing systems in other structures. Health
base of any soil stack, waste stack or fixture care plumbing systems shall conform to this
drain. section in addition to the other requirements of
this code. The provisions of this section shall
712.4 Sewage pumps and sewage apply to the special devices and equipment
ejectors. installed and maintained in the following
A sewage pump or sewage ejector shall occupancies: nursing homes; homes for the
automatically discharge the contents of the aged; orphanages; infirmaries; first aid stations;
sump to the building drainage system. psychiatric facilities; clinics; professional
offices of dentists and doctors; mortuaries;
712.4.1 Macerating toilet systems. educational facilities; surgery, dentistry,
Macerating toilet systems shall comply with research and testing laboratories;

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establishments manufacturing pharmaceutical shall be directly connected to the sanitary

drugs and medicines; and other structures with drainage system through a trapped waste.
similar apparatus and equipment classified as
plumbing. 713.7.1 Piping.
The piping of a central vacuum (fluid suction)
713.2 Bedpan washers and clinical system shall be of corrosion-resistant material
sinks. with a smooth interior surface. A branch shall
Bedpan washers and clinical sinks shall connect be not less than 13 mm nominal pipe size for
to the drainage and vent system in accordance one outlet and shall be sized in accordance with
with the requirements for a water closet. the number of vacuum outlets. A main shall be
Bedpan washers shall also connect to a local not less than 25 mm nominal pipe size. The pipe
vent. sizing shall be increased in accordance with the
manufacturer’s instructions as stations are
713.3 Indirect waste. increased.
Sterilizers, steamers and condensers shall
discharge to the drainage through an indirect 713.7.2 Velocity.
waste pipe by means of an air gap. Where a The velocity of airflow in a central vacuum
battery of not more than three sterilizers (fluid suction) system shall be less than 25 m/s.
discharges to an individual receptor, the
distance between the receptor and a sterilizer 713.8 Vent connections prohibited.
shall not exceed 2400 mm. The indirect waste Connections between local vents serving
pipe on a bedpan steamer shall be trapped. bedpan washers or sterilizer vents serving
sterilizing apparatus and normal sanitary
713.4 Vacuum system station. plumbing systems are prohibited. Only one type
Ready access shall be provided to vacuum of apparatus shall be served by a local vent.
system station receptacles. Such receptacles
shall be built into cabinets or recesses and shall 713.9 Local vents and stacks for
be visible. bedpan washers.
Bedpan washers shall be vented to open air
713.5 Bottle system. above the roof by means of one or more local
Vacuum (fluid suction) systems intended for vents. The local vent for a bedpan washer shall
collecting, removing and disposing of blood, be not less than a 50 mm pipe. A local vent
pus or other fluids by the bottle system shall be serving a single bedpan washer is permitted to
provided with receptacles equipped with an drain to the fixture served.
overflow prevention device at each vacuum
outlet station. 713.9.1 Multiple installations.
Where bedpan washers are located above each
713.6 Central disposal system other on more than one floor, a local vent stack
equipment. is permitted to be installed to receive the local
Central vacuum (fluid suction) systems shall vent on the various floors. Not more than three
provide continuous service. Systems equipped bedpan washers shall be connected to a 50 mm
with collecting or control tanks shall provide local vent stack, not more than six to a 75 mm
for draining and cleaning of the tanks while the local vent stack and not more than 100 mm
system is in operation. In hospitals, the system local vent stack. In multiple installations, the
shall be connected to the emergency power connections between a bedpan washer local
system. The exhausts from a vacuum pump vent and a local vent stack shall be made with
serving a vacuum (fluid suction) system shall tee or tee-wye sanitary pattern drainage fittings
discharge separately to open air above the roof. installed in an upright position.
713.7 Central vacuum or disposal 713.9.2 Trap required.
systems. The bottom of the local vent stack, except
Where the waste from a central vacuum (fluid where serving only one bedpan washer, shall be
suction) system of the barometric-lag, drained by means of a trapped and vented waste
collection-tank or bottle-disposal type is connection to the sanitary drainage system. The
connected to the drainage system, the waste trap and waste shall be the same size as the local

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vent stack. Sterilizer vent stack sizes shall comply with

Sections 713.11.1 through 713.11.4.
713.9.3 Trap seal maintenance.
A water supply pipe not less than 6.4 mm in 713.11.1 Bedpan steamers.
diameter shall be taken from the flush supply of The minimum size of a sterilizer vent serving a
each bedpan washer on the discharge or fixture bedpan steamer shall be 38 mm in diameter.
side of the vacuum breaker, shall be trapped to Multiple installations shall be sized in
form not less than a 75 mm water seal and shall accordance with Table 713.11.1.
be connected to the local vent stack on each
floor. The water supply shall be installed so as 713.11.2 Boiling-type sterilizers.
to provide a supply of water to the local vent The size of a sterilizer vent stack shall be not
stack for cleansing and drain trap seal less than 50 mm in diameter where serving a
maintenance each time a bedpan washer is utensil sterilizer and not less than 38 mm in
flushed. diameter where serving an instrument sterilizer.
Combinations of boiling-type sterilizer vent
713.10 Sterilizer vents and stacks. connections shall be sized in accordance with
Multiple installations of pressure and non- Table 713.11.1.
pressure sterilizers shall have the vent
connections to the sterilizer vent stack made by 713.11.3 Pressure sterilizers.
means of inverted wye fittings. Access shall be Pressure sterilizer vent stacks shall be 64 mm
provided to vent connections for the purpose of minimum. Those serving combinations of
inspection and maintenance. pressure sterilizer exhaust connections shall be
sized in accordance with Table 713.11.3.
713.10.1 Drainage.
The connection between sterilizer vent or 713.11.4 Pressure instrument washer
exhaust openings and the sterilizer vent stack sterilizer sizes.
shall be designed and installed to drain to the The diameter of a sterilizer vent stack serving
funnel or basket type waste fitting. In multiple an instrument washer sterilizer shall be not less
installations, the sterilizer vent stack shall be than 50 mm. Not more than two sterilizers shall
drained separately to the lowest sterilizer funnel be installed on a 50 mm stack, and not more
or basket-type waste fitting or receptor. than four sterilizers shall be installed on a 75
mm stack.
713.11 Sterilizer vent stack sizes.

TABLE 713.11.1
Stack Sizes For Bedpan Steamers And Boiling-Type Sterilizers
(Number of Connections of Various Sizes Permitted to Various-Sized Sterilizer Vent Stacks)

STACK SIZE CONNECTION SIZE (mm)

(mm) 40 50
40a 1 or 0
50a 2 or 1
50b 1 and 1
80a 4 or 2
80b 2 and 2
100a 8 or 4
100b 4 and 4
a. Total of each size.
b. Combination of sizes.

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TABLE 713.11.3
Stack Sizes For Pressure Sterilizers
(Number of Connections of Various Sizes Permitted To Various-Sized Vent Stacks)

CONNECTION SIZE (mm)

STACK SIZE (mm)
20 25 32 40
40a 3 or 2 or 1 —
40b 2 and 1 — —
50a 6 or 3 or 2 or 1
50b 3 and 2 — —
50b 2 and 1 and 1 —
50b 1 and 1 and — 1
80a 15 or 7 or 5 or 3
1 and 2
80b 1 and 2 and
5 and 1
a. Total of each size.
b. Combination of sizes.

SECTION 714 COMPUTERIZED 704.1.

DRAINAGE DESIGN SECTION 715 BACKWATER
714.1 Design of drainage system. VALVES
The sizing, design and layout of the drainage 715.1 Sewage backflow.
system shall be permitted to be designed by
Where plumbing fixtures are installed on a floor
approved computer design methods.
with a finished floor elevation below the
714.2 Load on drainage system. elevation of the manhole cover of the next
upstream manhole in the public sewer, such
The load shall be computed from the
fixtures shall be protected by a backwater valve
simultaneous or sequential discharge
installed in the building drain, or horizontal
conditions from fixtures, appurtenances and
branch serving such fixtures. Plumbing fixtures
appliances or the peak usage design condition.
installed on a floor with a finished floor
714.2.1 Fixture discharge profiles. elevation above the elevation of the manhole
The discharge profiles for flow rates versus cover of the next upstream manhole in the
time from fixtures and appliances shall be in public sewer shall not discharge through a
accordance with the manufacturer’s backwater valve.
specifications. Exception: In existing buildings, fixtures above
the elevation of the manhole cover of the next
714.3 Selections of drainage pipe sizes. upstream manhole in the public sewer shall not
Pipe shall be sized to prevent full-bore flow. be prohibited from discharging through a
backwater valve.
714.3.1 Selecting pipe wall roughness.
Pipe size calculations shall be conducted with 715.2 Material.
the pipe wall roughness factor (ks), in Bearing parts of backwater valves shall be of
accordance with the manufacturer’s corrosion-resistant material. Backwater valves
specifications and as modified for aging shall comply with ASME A112.14.1, CSA
roughness factors with deposits and corrosion. B181.1 or CSA B181.2.
714.3.2 Slope of horizontal drainage 715.3 Seal.
piping. Backwater valves shall be so constructed as to
Horizontal drainage piping shall be designed provide a mechanical seal against backflow.
and installed at slopes in accordance with Table
715.4 Diameter.

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Backwater valves, when fully opened, shall chapter.

have a capacity not less than that of the pipes in
which they are installed. 716.3 Testing and demonstrations.
After completion of the entire system
715.5 Location. installation, the system shall be subjected to a
Backwater valves shall be installed so that vacuum test of 475 mm of mercury and shall be
access is provided to the working parts for operated to function as required by the code
service and repair. official and the manufacturer of the vacuum
drainage system. Recorded proof of all tests
SECTION 716 VACUUM DRAINAGE shall be submitted to the code official.
SYSTEMS
716.4 Written instructions.
716.1 Scope.
Written instructions for the operation,
Vacuum drainage systems shall be in maintenance, safety and emergency procedures
accordance with Sections 716.2 through 716.4. shall be provided to the building owner. The
716.2 System design. code official shall verify that the building
owner is in receipt of such instructions.
Vacuum drainage systems shall be designed in
accordance with the vacuum drainage system SECTION 717 REPLACEMENT OF
manufacturer’s instructions. The system layout, UNDERGROUNDSEWERS BY PIPE-
including piping layout, tank assemblies, BURSTING METHODS
vacuum pump assembly and other components
necessary for proper function of the system 717.1 General.
shall be in accordance with the manufacturer’s This section shall govern the replacement of
instructions. Plans, specifications and other existing building sewer piping by pipe-bursting
data for such systems shall be submitted to the methods.
code official for review and approval prior to
installation. 717.2 Applicability.
The replacement of building sewer piping by
716.2.1 Fixtures. pipe-bursting methods shall be limited to
Gravity-type fixtures installed in vacuum gravity drainage piping of sizes 150 mm and
drainage systems shall comply with Chapter 4. smaller. The replacement piping shall be of the
same nominal size as the existing piping.
716.2.2 Drainage fixture units.
Drainage fixture units for gravity drainage 717.3 Pre-installation inspection.
systems that discharge into, or receive The existing piping sections to be replaced shall
discharge from, vacuum drainage systems shall be inspected internally by a recorded video
be based on the values in this chapter. camera survey. The survey shall include
notations of the position of cleanouts and the
716.2.3 Water supply fixture units. depth of connections to the existing piping.
Water supply fixture units shall be based on the
values in Chapter 6 of this code, except that the 717.4 Pipe.
water supply fixture unit for a vacuum-type The replacement piping shall be manufactured
water closet shall be 1. with a standard dimension ratio (SDR) of 17
and in compliance with ASTM F 714.
716.2.4 Traps and cleanouts.
Gravity drainage fixtures shall be provided with 717.5 Pipe fittings.
traps and cleanouts in accordance with this Pipe fittings to be connected to the replacement
chapter and Chapter 10. piping shall be of extra-high molecular weight
PE3408 material and shall be manufactured
716.2.5 Materials. with an SDR of 17 and in compliance with
Vacuum drainage pipe, fitting and valve ASTM D 2683
materials shall be in accordance with the
vacuum drainage system manufacturer’s 717.6 Cleanouts.
instructions and the requirements of this Where the existing building sewer did not have

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cleanouts meeting the requirements of this reviewed and approved by the code official
code, cleanout fittings shall be installed as prior to pressure testing of the replacement
required by this code. piping system.
717.7 Post-installation inspection. 717.8 Pressure testing.
The completed replacement piping section shall The replacement piping system as well as the
be inspected internally by a recorded video connections to the replacement piping shall be
camera survey. The video survey shall be tested in accordance with Section 312.

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 CHAPTER 8 INDIRECT/SPECIAL WASTE

INDIRECT/SPECIAL WASTE
means of an air gap. Where a floor drain is
SECTION 801 GENERAL located within an area subject to freezing, the
801.1 Scope. waste line serving the floor drain shall not be
trapped and shall indirectly discharge into a
This chapter shall govern matters concerning
waste receptor located outside of the area
indirect waste piping and special wastes. This
subject to freezing.
chapter shall further control matters concerning
food-handling establishments, sterilizers, clear- Exception: Where protected against backflow
water waste, swimming pools, methods of by a backwater valve, such floor drains shall be
providing air breaks or air gaps, and indirectly connected to the sanitary drainage
neutralizing devices for corrosive wastes. system by means of an air break or an air gap.

801.2 Protection. 802.1.3 Potable clear-water waste.

Devices, appurtenances, appliances and Where devices and equipment, such as
apparatus intended to serve some special sterilizers and relief valves, discharge potable
function, such as sterilization, distillation, water to the building drainage system, the
processing, cooling, or storage of ice or foods, discharge shall be through an indirect waste
and that discharge to the drainage system, shall pipe by means of an air gap.
be provided with protection against backflow,
flooding, fouling, contamination and stoppage 802.1.4 Swimming pools.
of the drain. Where waste water from swimming pools,
backwash from filters and water from pool deck
SECTION 802 INDIRECT WASTES drains discharge to the building drainage
802.1 Where required. system, the discharge shall be through an
indirect waste pipe by means of an air gap.
Food-handling equipment, in other than
dwelling units, clear-water waste, dishwashing 802.1.5 Non-potable clear-water waste.
machines and utensils, pots, pans and Where devices and equipment such as process
dishwashing sinks shall discharge through an tanks, filters, drips and boilers discharge non-
indirect waste pipe as specified in Sections potable water to the building drainage system,
802.1.1 through 802.1.8. Health-care related the discharge shall be through an indirect waste
fixtures, devices and equipment shall discharge pipe by means of an air break or an air gap.
to the drainage system through an indirect
waste pipe by means of an air gap in accordance 802.1.6 Domestic dishwashing machines.
with this chapter and Section 713.3. Fixtures Domestic dishwashing machines shall
not required by this section to be indirectly discharge indirectly through an air gap or air
connected shall be directly connected to the break into a waste receptor in accordance with
plumbing system in accordance with Chapter 7. Section 802.2, or discharge into a wye branch
802.1.1 Food handling. fitting on the tailpiece of the kitchen sink or the
dishwasher connection of a food waste
Equipment and fixtures utilized for the storage, disposer. The waste line of a domestic
preparation and handling of food shall dishwashing machine discharging into a
discharge through an indirect waste pipe by kitchen sink tailpiece or food waste disposer
means of an air gap. Each well of a multiple- shall connect to a deck-mounted air gap or the
compartment sink shall discharge waste line shall rise and be securely fastened to
independently to a waste receptor. the underside of the sink rim or counter.
802.1.2 Floor drains in food storage 802.1.7 Commercial dishwashing
areas. machines.
Floor drains located within walk-in The discharge from a commercial dishwashing
refrigerators or freezers in food service and machine shall be through an air gap or air break
food establishments shall be indirectly into a waste receptor in accordance with
connected to the sanitary drainage system by Section 802.2.

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 CHAPTER 8 INDIRECT/SPECIAL WASTE

802.1.8 Food utensils, dishes, pots and 802.3.2 Hub drains.

pans sinks. A hub drain shall be in the form of a hub or a
Sinks, in other than dwelling units, used for the pipe extending not less than 25 mm above a
washing, rinsing or sanitizing of utensils, water-impervious floor.
dishes, pots, pans or service ware used in the
preparation, serving or eating of food shall 802.3.3 Standpipes.
discharge indirectly through an air gap or an air Standpipes shall be individually trapped.
break to the drainage system. Standpipes shall extend not less than 450 mm
but not greater than 1050 mm above the trap
802.2 Installation. weir. Access shall be provided to standpipes
Indirect waste piping shall discharge through an and drains for rodding.
air gap or air break into a waste receptor. Waste
receptors shall be trapped and vented and shall SECTION 803 SPECIAL WASTES
connect to the building drainage system. 803.1 Neutralizing device required for
Indirect waste piping that exceeds 750 mm in corrosive wastes.
developed length measured horizontally, or
Corrosive liquids, spent acids or other harmful
1350 mm in total developed length, shall be
chemicals that destroy or injure a drain, sewer,
trapped.
soil or waste pipe, or create noxious or toxic
Exception: Where a waste receptor receives fumes or interfere with sewage treatment
only clear water waste and does not directly processes shall not be discharged into the
connect to a sanitary drainage system, the plumbing system without being thoroughly
receptor shall not require a trap. diluted, neutralized or treated by passing
through an approved dilution or neutralizing
802.2.1 Air gap. device. Such devices shall be automatically
The air gap between the indirect waste pipe and provided with a sufficient supply of diluting
the flood level rim of the waste receptor shall water or neutralizing medium so as to make the
be not less than twice the effective opening of contents non injurious before discharge into the
the indirect waste pipe. drainage system. The nature of the corrosive or
harmful waste and the method of its treatment
802.2.2 Air break. or dilution shall be approved prior to
An air break shall be provided between the installation.
indirect waste pipe and the trap seal of the waste
receptor. 803.2 System design.
A chemical drainage and vent system shall be
802.3 Waste receptors. designed and installed in accordance with this
For other than hub drains that receive only code. Chemical drainage and vent systems shall
clear-water waste and standpipes, a removable be completely separated from the sanitary
strainer or basket shall cover the outlet of waste systems. Chemical waste shall not discharge to
receptors. Waste receptors shall not be installed a sanitary drainage system until such waste has
in concealed spaces. Waste receptors shall not been treated in accordance with Section 803.1.
be installed in plenums, crawl spaces, attics,
interstitial spaces above ceilings and below SECTION 804 MATERIALS, JOINTS
floors. Ready access shall be provided to waste AND CONNECTIONS
receptors.
804.1 General.
802.3.1 Size of receptors. The materials and methods utilized for the
A waste receptor shall be sized for the construction and installation of indirect waste
maximum discharge of all indirect waste pipes pipes and systems shall comply with the
served by the receptor. Receptors shall be applicable provisions of Chapter 7.
installed to prevent splashing or flooding.

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VENTS

SECTION 901 GENERAL Sheet copper for vent pipe flashings shall
conform to ASTM B 152 and shall weigh not
901.1 Scope. less than 2.5 kg per m2.
The provisions of this chapter shall govern the
materials, design, construction and installation 902.3 Sheet lead.
of vent systems. Sheet lead for vent pipe flashings shall weigh
not less than 15 kg per m2 for field-constructed
901.2 Trap seal protection. flashings and not less than 12 kg per m2 for
The plumbing system shall be provided with a prefabricated flashings.
system of vent piping that will permit the
SECTION 903 VENT TERMINALS
admission or emission of air so that the seal of
any fixture trap shall not be subjected to a 903.1 Roof extension.
pressure differential of more than 250 Pa.
Open vent pipes that extend through a roof shall
901.2.1 Venting required. be terminated not less than 300m m above the
roof. Where a roof is to be used for assembly or
Traps and trapped fixtures shall be vented in
as a promenade, observation deck or similar
accordance with one of the venting methods
purposes, open vent pipes shall terminate not
specified in this chapter.
less than 2 m above the roof.
901.3 Chemical waste vent systems.
903.2 Frost closure.
The vent system for a chemical waste system
Where the 97.5-percent value for outside design
shall be independent of the sanitary vent system
temperature is -18°C or less, vent extensions
and shall terminate separately through the roof
through a roof or wall shall be not less than 75
to the outdoors or to an air admittance valve that
mm in diameter. Any increase in the size of the
complies with ASSE 1049. Air admittance
vent shall be made not less than 300 mm inside
valves for chemical waste systems shall be
the thermal envelope of the building.
constructed of materials approved in
accordance with Section 702.5 and shall be 903.3 Flashings.
tested for chemical resistance in accordance
The juncture of each vent pipe with the roof line
with ASTM F 1412.
shall be made water tight by an approved
901.4 Use limitations. flashing.
The plumbing vent system shall not be utilized 903.4 Prohibited use.
for purposes other than the venting of the
A vent terminal shall not be used for any
plumbing system.
purpose other than a vent terminal.
901.5 Tests.
903.5 Location of vent terminal.
The vent system shall be tested in accordance
An open vent terminal from a drainage system
with Section 312.
shall not be located directly beneath any door,
901.6 Engineered systems. openable window, or other air intake opening of
the building or of an adjacent building, and any
Engineered venting systems shall conform to
such vent terminal shall not be within 3000 mm
the provisions of Section 919.
horizontally of such an opening unless it is
SECTION 902 MATERIALS 1000 mm or more above the top of such
opening.
902.1 Vents.
The materials and methods utilized for the 903.6 Extension through the wall.
construction and installation of venting systems Vent terminals extending through the wall shall
shall comply with the applicable provisions of terminate at a point not less than 3 m from a lot
Section 702. line and not less than 3 m above average ground
level. Vent terminals shall not terminate under
902.2 Sheet copper. the overhang of a structure with soffit vents.

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Side wall vent terminals shall be protected to common vent header at the top of the stacks and
prevent birds or rodents from entering or extending to the open air at one point shall be
blocking the vent opening. sized in accordance with the requirements of
Section 906.1. The number of fixture units shall
903.7 Extension outside a structure. be the sum of all fixture units on all stacks
In climates where the 97.5-percent value for connected thereto, and the developed length
outside design temperature is less than -18°C, shall be the longest vent length from the
vent pipes installed on the exterior of the intersection at the base of the most distant stack
structure shall be protected against freezing by to the vent terminal in the open air, as a direct
insulation, heat or both. extension of one stack.
SECTION 904 OUTDOOR VENT SECTION 905 VENT CONNECTIONS
EXTENSIONS AND GRADES
904.1 Required vent extension. 905.1 Connection.
The vent system serving each building drain Individual, branch and circuit vents shall
shall have not less than one vent pipe that connect to a vent stack, stack vent, air
extends to the outdoors. admittance valve or extend to the open air.
904.1.1 Installation. 905.2 Grade.
The required vent shall be a dry vent that Vent and branch vent pipes shall be so graded
connects to the building drain or an extension and connected as to drain back to the drainage
of a drain that connects to the building drain. pipe by gravity.
Such vent shall not be an island fixture vent as
allowed by Section 916. 905.3 Vent connection to drainage
system.
904.1.2 Size. Every dry vent connecting to a horizontal drain
The required vent shall be sized in accordance shall connect above the centerline of the
with Section 906.2 based on the required size of horizontal drain pipe.
the building drain.
905.4 Vertical rise of vent.
904.2 Vent stack required. Every dry vent shall rise vertically to a point not
A vent stack shall be required for every less than 150 mm above the flood level rim of
drainage stack that has five branch intervals or the highest trap or trapped fixture being vented.
more.
Exception: Vents for interceptors located
Exception: Drainage stacks installed in outdoors.
accordance with Section 913.
905.5 Height above fixtures.
904.3 Vent termination. A connection between a vent pipe and a vent
Vent stacks or stack vents shall terminate stack or stack vent shall be made at not less than
outdoors to the open air or to a stack-type air 150 mm above the flood level rim of the highest
admittance valve in accordance with Section fixture served by the vent. Horizontal vent
918. pipes forming branch vents, relief vents or loop
vents shall be located not less than 150 mm
904.4 Vent connection at base. above the flood level rim of the highest fixture
Vent stacks shall connect to the base of the served.
drainage stack. The vent stack shall connect at
or below the lowest horizontal branch. Where 905.6 Vent for future fixtures.
the vent stack connects to the building drain, the Where the drainage piping has been roughed-in
connection shall be located downstream of the for future fixtures, a rough-in connection for a
drainage stack and within a distance of 10 times vent shall be installed. The vent size shall be not
the diameter of the drainage stack. less than one-half the diameter of the rough-in
drain to be served. The vent rough-in shall
904.5 Vent headers. connect to the vent system, or shall be vented
Stack vents and vent stacks connected into a by other means as provided for in this chapter.

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The connection shall be identified to indicate accordance with Sections 906.5.1 and 906.5.2.
that it is a vent.
906.5.1 Sewage pumps and sewage
SECTION 906 VENT PIPE SIZING ejectors other than pneumatic.
906.1 Size of stack vents and vent Drainage piping below sewer level shall be
stacks. vented in the same manner as that of a gravity
system. Building sump vent sizes for sumps
The minimum required diameter of stack vents with sewage pumps or sewage ejectors, other
and vent stacks shall be determined from the than pneumatic, shall be determined in
developed length and the total of drainage
accordance with Table 906.5.1.
fixture units connected thereto in accordance
with Table 906.1, but in no case shall the 906.5.2 Pneumatic sewage ejectors.
diameter be less than one-half the diameter of The air pressure relief pipe from a pneumatic
the drain served or less than 32 mm. sewage ejector shall be connected to an
906.2 Vents other than stack vents or independent vent stack terminating as required
vent stacks. for vent extensions through the roof. The relief
pipe shall be sized to relieve air pressure inside
The diameter of individual vents, branch vents,
the ejector to atmospheric pressure, but shall be
circuit vents and relief vents shall be not less
not less than 32 mm in size.
than one-half the required diameter of the drain
served. The required size of the drain shall be SECTION 907 VENTS FOR STACK
determined in accordance with Table 710.1(2). OFFSETS
Vent pipes shall not be less than 32 mm in
diameter. Vents exceeding 12 m in developed 907.1 Vent for horizontal offset of
length shall be increased by one nominal pipe drainage stack.
size for the entire developed length of the vent Horizontal offsets of drainage stacks shall be
pipe. Relief vents for soil and waste stacks in vented where five or more branch intervals are
buildings having more than 10 branch intervals located above the offset. The offset shall be
shall be sized in accordance with Section 908.2. vented by venting the upper section of the
drainage stack and the lower section of the
906.3 Developed length. drainage stack.
The developed length of individual, branch,
circuit and relief vents shall be measured from 907.2 Upper section.
the farthest point of vent connection to the The upper section of the drainage stack shall be
drainage system to the point of connection to vented as a separate stack with a vent stack
the vent stack, stack vent or termination outside connection installed in accordance with Section
of the building. 904.4. The offset shall be considered the base
of the stack.
906.4 Multiple branch vents.
Where multiple branch vents are connected to a 907.3 Lower section.
common branch vent, the common branch vent The lower section of the drainage stack shall be
shall be sized in accordance with this section vented by a yoke vent connecting between the
based on the size of the common horizontal offset and the next lower horizontal branch. The
drainage branch that is or would be required to yoke vent connection shall be permitted to be a
serve the total drainage fixture unit load being vertical extension of the drainage stack. The
vented. size of the yoke vent and connection shall be a
minimum of the size required for the vent stack
906.5 Sump vents. of the drainage stack.
Sump vent sizes shall be determined in

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TABLE 906.1 Size And Developed Length of Stack Vents and Vent Stacks
DIAMETER TOTAL MAXIMUM DEVELOPED LENGTH OF VENT (m)a
OF SOIL OR FIXTURE DIAMETER OF VENT (mm)
WASTE UNITS BEING
32 40 50 65 75 100 125 150 200 250 300
STACKb (mm) VENTED (dfu)
40 8 15 45
— — — — — — — — —
40 10 9 30
50 12 23 60
50 10 9 15 45 — — — — — —
65 42 8 9 30 90
75 10 13 45 110 317
75 21 — 10 36 82 247 — — — — — —
75 53 8 29 70 207
75 102 8 64 189
100 43 — 26 26 76 299 — — — — —
100 140 11.8 110 60 229
100 320 7 17 52 195
100 540 — — 7 15 45 177 — — — —
125 190 7 9 25 98 302
125 490 7 19 76 232
125 940 — — — 5 16.2 64 204 — — — —
125 1,400 5 14.9 58 180
150 500 10.1 40 122 305
150 1,100 — — — — 8 30 94 238 — — —
150 2,000 7 26 79 201
150 2,900 6 24 73 183
200 1,800 — — — — 10 29 73 287 — —
200 3,400 7 22 58 219
200 5,600 6 19 49 186
200 7,600 — — — — — 5 17.1 171 171 —
250 4,000 10 94 94 293
250 7,200 7.3 18.3 73 226
250 11,000 — — — — — — 6 15 60 192 —
250 15,000 5 14 55 174
300 7,300 10 37 116 287
300 13,000 — — — — — — — 7 29 90 219
300 20,000 6 24 76 186
300 26,000 5 22 70 152
375 15,000 — — — — — — — 12 39 93
375 25,000 9.3 28.8 72
375 38,000 7.8 24.3 60
— — — — — — — —
375 50,000 7.2 22.2 54
a. The developed length shall be measured from the vent connection to the open air.
b. Shown sizes are nominal sizes based on internal diameters. If the pipe nominal size is based on the external diameter,
find the internal diameter (from pipe's manufacturer) and use a pipe size with an internal diameter equal to or greater
than the size shown in the table.

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TABLE 906.5.1 Size And Length of Sump Vents

DISCHARGE MAXIMUM DEVELOPED LENGTH OF VENT (m)a

CAPACITY Diameter of vent (mm)
OF
PUMP 32 40 50 65 75 100
(L/min)
38 No limitb No limit No limit No limit No limit No limit
76 82 No limit No limit No limit No limit No limit
150 22 49 No limit No limit No limit No limit
250 10 23 82 No limit No limit No limit
300 5 13 45 116 No limit No limit
375 3c 8 30 76 No limit No limit
550 Not permitted 3c 14 34 113 No limit
750 Not permitted Not permitted 6 18 64 No limit
950 Not permitted Not permitted 3 11 41 No limit
1150 Not permitted Not permitted 3c 7 27 116
1500 Not permitted Not permitted Not permitted 3c 14 64
Not
1900 Not permitted Not permitted Not permitted 8 40
permitted
a. Developed length plus an appropriate allowance for entrance losses and friction due to fittings, changes
in direction and diameter. Suggested allowances shall be obtained from NBS Monograph 31 or other
approved sources. An allowance of 50 percent of the developed length shall be assumed if a more precise
value is not available.
b. Actual values greater than 150 m.
c. Less than 3 m.

SECTION 908 RELIEF VENTS— the vent fitting are within the requirements set
STACKS OF MORE THAN 10 forth in Table 909.1.
BRANCH INTERVALS Exception: The developed length of the fixture
drain from the trap weir to the vent fitting for
908.1 Where required. self-siphoning fixtures, such as water closets,
Soil and waste stacks in buildings having more shall not be limited.
than 10 branch intervals shall be provided with
a relief vent at each tenth interval installed, 909.2 Venting of fixture drains.
beginning with the top floor. The total fall in a fixture drain due to pipe slope
shall not exceed the diameter of the fixture
908.2 Size and connection. drain, nor shall the vent connection to a fixture
The size of the relief vent shall be equal to the drain, except for water closets, be below the
size of the vent stack to which it connects. The weir of the trap.
lower end of each relief vent shall connect to
the soil or waste stack through a wye below the 909.3 Crown vent.
horizontal branch serving the floor, and the A vent shall not be installed within two pipe
upper end shall connect to the vent stack diameters of the trap weir.
through a wye not less than 900 mm above the
floor.
SECTION 909 FIXTURE VENTS
909.1 Distance of trap from vent.
Each fixture trap shall have a protecting vent
located so that the slope and the developed
length in the fixture drain from the trap weir to

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TABLE 909.1 Maximum Distance of Fixture TABLE 911.3 COMMON VENT SIZES
Trap from Vent MAXIMUM
PIPE SIZE DISCHARGE FROM
SIZE SIZE OF (mm) UPPER
DISTANCE
OF FIXTURE SLOPE FIXTURE DRAIN (dfu)
FROM
TRAP DRAIN (%) 40 1
TRAP (m)
(mm) (mm) 50 4
32 40 2 1.5 65 to 80 6
40 40 2 1.8 SECTION 912 WET VENTING
45 50 2 2.1
912.1 Horizontal wet vent permitted.
50 50 2 2.4
Any combination of fixtures within two
75 75 1 3.6 bathroom groups located on the same floor
100 100 1 4.8 level is permitted to be vented by a horizontal
wet vent. The wet vent shall be considered the
vent for the fixtures and shall extend from the
SECTION 910 INDIVIDUAL VENT connection of the dry vent along the direction
of the flow in the drain pipe to the most
910.1 Individual vent permitted. downstream fixture drain connection to the
Each trap and trapped fixture is permitted to be horizontal branch drain. Each wet-vented
provided with an individual vent. The fixture drain shall connect independently to the
individual vent shall connect to the fixture drain horizontal wet vent. Only the fixtures within the
of the trap or trapped fixture being vented. bathroom groups shall connect to the wet-
vented horizontal branch drain. Any additional
SECTION 911 COMMON VENT
fixtures shall discharge downstream of the
911.1 Individual vent as common vent. horizontal wet vent.
An individual vent is permitted to vent two 912.1.1 Vertical wet vent permitted.
traps or trapped fixtures as a common vent. The
Any combination of fixtures within two
traps or trapped fixtures being common vented
bathroom groups located on the same floor
shall be located on the same floor level.
level is permitted to be vented by a vertical wet
911.2 Connection at the same level. vent. The vertical wet vent shall be considered
the vent for the fixtures and shall extend from
Where the fixture drains being common vented
the connection of the dry vent down to the
connect at the same level, the vent connection
lowest fixture drain connection. Each wet-
shall be at the interconnection of the fixture
vented fixture shall connect independently to
drains or downstream of the interconnection.
the vertical wet vent. Water closet drains shall
911.3 Connection at different levels. connect at the same elevation. Other fixture
Where the fixture drains connect at different drains shall connect above or at the same
levels, the vent shall connect as a vertical elevation as the water closet fixture drains. The
extension of the vertical drain. The vertical dry-vent connection to the vertical wet vent
drain pipe connecting the two fixture drains shall be an individual or common vent serving
shall be considered the vent for the lower one or two fixtures.
fixture drain, and shall be sized in accordance 912.2 Dry vent connection.
with Table 911.3. The upper fixture shall not be
The required dry-vent connection for wet-
a water closet.
vented systems shall comply with Sections
912.2.1 and 912.2.2.
912.2.1 Horizontal wet vent.
The dry-vent connection for a horizontal wet-
vent system shall be an individual vent or a
common vent for any bathroom group fixture,
except an emergency floor drain. Where the

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dry-vent connects to a water closet fixture Section 905.2. The stack vent shall be permitted
drain, the drain shall connect horizontally to the to connect with other stack vents and vent
horizontal wet-vent system. Not more than one stacks in accordance with Section 904.5.
wet-vented fixture drain shall discharge
upstream of the dry-vented fixture drain 913.4 Waste stack size.
connection. The waste stack shall be sized based on the total
discharge to the stack and the discharge within
912.2.2 Vertical wet vent. a branch interval in accordance with Table
The dry-vent connection for a vertical wet-vent 913.4. The waste stack shall be the same size
system shall be an individual vent or common throughout its length.
vent for the most upstream fixture drain.
TABLE 913.4 Waste Stack Vent Size
912.3 Size.
The dry vent serving the wet vent shall be sized MAXIMUM NUMBER OF
based on the largest required diameter of pipe DRAINAGE FIXTURE UNITS
STACK
within the wet-vent system served by the dry (dfu)
SIZE
vent. The wet vent shall be of a size not less Total discharge
(mm) Total discharge
than that specified in Table 912.3, based on the into one
for stack
fixture unit discharge to the wet vent. branch interval
40 1 2
TABLE 912.3 Wet Vent Size 50 2 4
65 No limit 8
WET VENT PIPE DRAINAGE 80 No limit 24
SIZE FIXTURE 100 No limit 50
(mm) UNIT LOAD (dfu) 125 No limit 75
40 1 150 No limit 100
50 4
65 6
80 12 SECTION 914 CIRCUIT VENTING
914.1 Circuit vent permitted.
SECTION 913 WASTE STACK VENT A maximum of eight fixtures connected to a
horizontal branch drain shall be permitted to be
913.1 Waste stack vent permitted. circuit vented. Each fixture drain shall connect
A waste stack shall be considered a vent for all horizontally to the horizontal branch being
of the fixtures discharging to the stack where circuit vented. The horizontal branch drain shall
installed in accordance with the requirements of be classified as a vent from the most
this section. downstream fixture drain connection to the
most upstream fixture drain connection to the
913.2 Stack installation.
horizontal branch.
The waste stack shall be vertical, and both
horizontal and vertical offsets shall be 914.1.1 Multiple circuit-vented branches.
prohibited between the lowest fixture drain Circuit-vented horizontal branch drains are
connection and the highest fixture drain permitted to be connected together. Each group
connection. Fixture drains shall connect of a maximum of eight fixtures shall be
separately to the waste stack. The stack shall considered a separate circuit vent and shall
not receive the discharge of water closets or conform to the requirements of this section.
urinals.
914.2 Vent connection.
913.3 Stack vent.
The circuit vent connection shall be located
A stack vent shall be provided for the waste between the two most upstream fixture drains.
stack. The size of the stack vent shall be not less The vent shall connect to the horizontal branch
than the size of the waste stack. Offsets shall be and shall be installed in accordance with
permitted in the stack vent, shall be located not Section 905. The circuit vent pipe shall not
less than 150 mm above the flood level of the receive the discharge of any soil or waste.
highest fixture and shall be in accordance with

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914.3 Slope and size of horizontal a relief vent shall be four fixture units.
branch.
914.5 Additional fixtures.
The slope of the vent section of the horizontal
branch drain shall be not greater than one unit Fixtures, other than the circuit vented fixtures,
vertical in 12 units horizontal (8.3-percent are permitted to discharge to the horizontal
slope). The entire length of the vent section of branch drain. Such fixtures shall be located on
the horizontal branch drain shall be sized for the the same floor as the circuit-vented fixtures and
total drainage discharge to the branch. shall be either individually or common vented.

914.3.1 Size of multiple circuit vent.

SECTION 915 COMBINATION
WASTE AND VENT SYSTEM
Each separate circuit-vented horizontal branch
that is interconnected shall be sized 915.1 Type of fixtures.
independently in accordance with Section A combination waste and vent system shall not
914.3. The downstream circuit-vented serve fixtures other than floor drains, sinks,
horizontal branch shall be sized for the total lavatories and drinking fountains. Combination
discharge into the branch, including the waste and vent systems shall not receive the
upstream branches and the fixtures within the discharge from a food waste disposer or clinical
branch. sink.
914.4 Relief vent. 915.2 Installation.
A relief vent shall be provided for circuit- The only vertical pipe of a combination waste
vented horizontal branches receiving the and vent system shall be the connection
discharge of four or more water closets and between the fixture drain and the horizontal
connecting to a drainage stack that receives the combination waste and vent pipe. The vertical
discharge of soil or waste from upper horizontal distance shall not exceed 2.5 m.
branches.
915.2.1 Slope.
914.4.1 Connection and installation.
The slope of a horizontal combination waste
The relief vent shall connect to the horizontal and vent pipe shall not exceed one-half unit
branch drain between the stack and the most vertical in 12 units horizontal (4-percent slope)
downstream fixture drain of the circuit vent. and shall not be less than that indicated in Table
The relief vent shall be installed in accordance 704.1.
with Section 905.
915.2.2 Size and length.
914.4.2 Fixture drain or branch.
The size of a combination waste and vent pipe
The relief vent is permitted to be a fixture drain shall be not less than that indicated in Table
or fixture branch for fixtures located within the 915.2.2. The horizontal length of a combination
same branch interval as the circuit-vented waste and vent system shall be unlimited.
horizontal branch. The maximum discharge to
TABLE 915.2.2 Size of Combination Waste and Vent Pipe

MAXIMUM NUMBER OF DRAINAGE

DIAMETER FIXTURE UNITS (dfu)
PIPE (mm) Connecting to a horizontal Connecting to a building
branch or stack drain or building subdrain
50 3 4
65 6 26
80 12 31
100 20 50
125 160 250
150 360 575

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 CHAPTER 9 VENTS

above the drainage outlet of the fixture being

915.2.3 Connection.
vented before offsetting horizontally or
The combination waste and vent system shall vertically downward. The vent or branch vent
be provided with a dry vent connected at any for multiple island fixture vents shall extend to
point within the system or the system shall a point not less than 150 mm above the highest
connect to a horizontal drain that serves vented island fixture being vented before connecting to
fixtures located on the same floor. Combination the outside vent terminal.
waste and vent systems connecting to building
drains receiving only the discharge from one or 916.3 Vent installation below the
more stacks shall be provided with a dry vent. fixture flood level rim.
The vent connection to the combination waste The vent located below the flood level rim of
and vent pipe shall extend vertically to a point the fixture being vented shall be installed as
not less than 150 mm above the flood level rim required for drainage piping in accordance with
of the highest fixture being vented before Chapter 7, except for sizing. The vent shall be
offsetting horizontally. sized in accordance with Section 906.2. The
lowest point of the island fixture vent shall
915.2.4 Vent size.
connect full size to the drainage system. The
The vent shall be sized for the total drainage connection shall be to a vertical drain pipe or to
fixture unit load in accordance with Section the top half of a horizontal drain pipe.
906.2. Cleanouts shall be provided in the island fixture
915.2.5 Fixture branch or drain. vent to permit rodding of all vent piping located
below the flood level rim of the fixtures.
The fixture branch or fixture drain shall connect Rodding in both directions shall be permitted
to the combination waste and vent within a through a cleanout.
distance specified in Table 909.1. The
combination waste and vent pipe shall be SECTION 917 SINGLE STACK
considered the vent for the fixture. VENT SYSTEM
SECTION 916 ISLAND FIXTURE 917.1 Where permitted.
VENTING A drainage stack shall serve as a single stack
vent system where sized and installed in
916.1 Limitation.
accordance with Sections 917.2 through 917.9.
Island fixture venting shall not be permitted for The drainage stack and branch piping shall be
fixtures other than sinks and lavatories. the vents for the drainage system. The drainage
Residential kitchen sinks with a dishwasher stack shall have a stack vent.
waste connection, a food waste disposer, or
both, in combination with the kitchen sink 917.2 Stack size.
waste, shall be permitted to be vented in Drainage stacks shall be sized in accordance
accordance with this section. with Table 917.2. Stacks shall be uniformly
916.2 Vent connection. sized based on the total connected drainage
fixture unit load. The stack vent shall be the
The island fixture vent shall connect to the same size as the drainage stack. A 75 mm stack
fixture drain as required for an individual or shall serve not more than two water closets.
common vent. The vent shall rise vertically to

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 CHAPTER 9 VENTS

TABLE 917.2 Single Stack Size

MAXIMUM CONNECTED DRAINAGE FIXTURE UNITS

STACK SIZE Stacks 50 meters
Stacks less than Stacks 25 meters to less
(mm) and greater in
25 meters in height than 50 meters in height
height
75 24 NP NP
100 225 24 NP
125 480 225 24
150 1,015 480 225
200 2,320 1,015 480
250 4,500 2,320 1,015
300 8,100 4,500 2,320
400 13,600 8,100 4,500

from the stack.

917.3 Branch size.
Horizontal branches connecting to a single 917.5 Minimum vertical piping size
stack vent system shall be sized in accordance from fixture.
with Table 710.1(2). Not more than one water The vertical portion of piping in a fixture drain
closet shall discharge into a 80 mm horizontal to a horizontal branch shall be 50 mm. The
branch at a point within a developed length of minimum size of the vertical portion of piping
500 mm measured horizontally from the stack. for a water-supplied urinal or standpipe shall be
75 mm. The maximum vertical drop shall be 12
Where a water closet is within 500 mm
m. Fixture drains that are not increased in size,
measured horizontally from the stack and not
or have a vertical drop in excess of 12 m, shall
more than one fixture with a drain size of not
be individually vented.
more than 40 mm connects to a 75 mm
horizontal branch, the branch drain connection 917.6 Additional venting required.
to the stack shall be made with a sanitary tee.
Additional venting shall be provided where
917.4 Length of horizontal branches. more than one water closet discharges to a
horizontal branch and where the distance from
The length of horizontal branches shall
a fixture trap to the stack exceeds the limits in
conform to the requirements of Sections
Section 917.4. Where additional venting is
917.4.1 through 917.4.3.
required, the fixture(s) shall be vented by
917.4.1 Water closet connection. individual vents, common vents, wet vents,
Water closet connections shall be not greater circuit vents, or a combination waste and vent
than 12 m in developed length measured pipe. The dry vent extensions for the additional
horizontally from the stack. venting shall connect to a branch vent, vent
stack, stack vent, air admittance valve, or shall
Exception: Where the connection is made with terminate outdoors.
a sanitary tee, the maximum developed length
shall be 24 m. 917.7 Stack offsets.
Where fixture drains are not connected below a
917.4.2 Fixture connections. horizontal offset in a stack, a horizontal offset
Fixtures other than water closets shall be shall not be required to be vented. Where
located not greater than 36 m in developed horizontal branches or fixture drains are
length, measured horizontally from the stack. connected below a horizontal offset in a stack,
the offset shall be vented in accordance with
917.4.3 Vertical piping in branch. Section 907. Fixture connections shall not be
The length of vertical piping in a fixture drain made to a stack within 600 mm above or below
connecting to a horizontal branch shall not be a horizontal offset.
considered in computing the fixture’s distance
in developed length measured horizontally 917.8 Prohibited lower connections.

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 CHAPTER 9 VENTS

Stacks greater than 2 branch intervals in height relief vent shall be sized in accordance with
shall not receive the discharge of horizontal Section 906.2 and installed in accordance with
branches on the lower two floors. There shall be Section 905. The relief vent shall be permitted
no connections to the stack between the lower to serve as the vent for other fixtures.
two floors and a distance of not less than 10
pipe diameters downstream from the base of the 918.3.2 Stack.
single stack vented system. Stack-type air admittance valves shall be
prohibited from serving as the vent terminal for
917.9 Sizing building drains and vent stacks or stack vents that serve drainage
sewers. stacks having more than six branch intervals.
The building drain and building sewer
receiving the discharge of a single stack vent 918.4 Location.
system shall be sized in accordance with Table Individual and branch-type air admittance
710.1(1). valves shall be located a minimum of 100 mm
above the horizontal branch drain or fixture
SECTION 918 AIR ADMITTANCE drain being vented. Stack-type air admittance
VALVES valves shall be located not less than 150 mm
918.1 General. above the flood level rim of the highest fixture
being vented. The air admittance valve shall be
Vent systems utilizing air admittance valves located within the maximum developed length
shall comply with this section. Stack-type air permitted for the vent. The air admittance valve
admittance valves shall conform to ASSE 1050. shall be installed not less than 150 mm above
Individual and branch type air admittance insulation materials.
valves shall conform to ASSE 1051.
918.5 Access and ventilation.
918.2 Installation.
Access shall be provided to all air admittance
The valves shall be installed in accordance with valves. Such valves shall be installed in a
the requirements of this section and the location that allows air to enter the valve.
manufacturer’s instructions. Air admittance
valves shall be installed after the DWV testing 918.6 Size.
required by Section 312.2 or 312.3 has been The air admittance valve shall be rated in
performed. accordance with the standard for the size of the
918.3 Where permitted. vent to which the valve is connected.
Individual, branch and circuit vents shall be 918.7 Vent required.
permitted to terminate with a connection to an Within each plumbing system, not less than one
individual or branch-type air admittance valve stack vent or vent stack shall extend outdoors to
in accordance with Section 918.3.1. Stack vents the open air.
and vent stacks shall be permitted to terminate
to stack-type air admittance valves in 918.8 Prohibited installations.
accordance with Section 918.3.2. Air admittance valves shall not be installed in
non-neutralized special waste systems as
918.3.1 Horizontal branches.
described in Chapter 8 except where such
Individual and branch-type air admittance valves are in compliance with ASSE 1049, are
valves shall vent only fixtures that are on the constructed of materials approved in
same floor level and connect to a horizontal accordance with Section 702.5 and are tested
branch drain. Where the horizontal branch is for chemical resistance in accordance with
located more than four branch intervals from ASTM F 1412. Air admittance valves shall not
the top of the stack, the horizontal branch shall be located in spaces utilized as supply or return
be provided with a relief vent that shall connect air plenums. Air admittance valves without an
to a vent stack or stack vent, or extend outdoors engineered design shall not be utilized to vent
to the open air. The relief vent shall connect to sumps or tanks of any type.
the horizontal branch drain between the stack
and the most downstream fixture drain
connected to the horizontal branch drain. The

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 CHAPTER 9 VENTS

SECTION 919 ENGINEERED VENT SECTION 920

SYSTEMS COMPUTERIZED VENT DESIGN
919.1 General. 920.1 Design of vent system.
Engineered vent systems shall comply with this The sizing, design and layout of the vent system
section and the design, submittal, approval, shall be permitted to be determined by
inspection and testing requirements of Section approved computer program design methods.
105.4.
920.2 System capacity.
919.2 Individual branch fixture and The vent system shall be based on the air
individual fixture header vents. capacity requirements of the drainage system
The maximum developed length of individual under a peak load condition.
fixture vents to vent branches and vent headers
shall be determined in accordance with Table
919.2 for the minimum pipe diameters at the
indicated vent airflow rates.
The individual vent airflow rate shall be
determined in accordance with the following:
𝑄ℎ,𝑏 = 𝑁𝑛,𝑏 𝑄𝑣 (0.4719)
(Equation 9-1)
where:
Number of fixtures per header
N (or vent branch) ÷ total number
=
n,b of fixtures connected to vent
stack.
Q Vent branch or vent header
=
h,b airflow rate (L/s).
Q Total vent stack airflow rate
=
v (L/s).
Q (L/s) = 1 2/3
𝑟 (1 − 𝑟𝑠 )𝐷 8/3
v 3178.8 𝑠

where:

D = Drainage stack diameter (mm).

𝑄𝑤 = Design discharge load (L/sec.).
Wastewater flow area to total area
𝑟𝑠 = (proportion of cross section
occupied by falling water)
𝑄𝑤
= 3178.80
𝐷8/3

Individual vent airflow rates are obtained by

equally distributing 𝑄ℎ,𝑏 into one-half the total
number of fixtures on the branch or header for
more than two fixtures; for an odd number of
total fixtures, decrease by one; for one fixture,
apply the full value of 𝑄ℎ,𝑏 .
Individual vent developed length shall be
increased by 20 percent of the distance from the
vent stack to the fixture vent connection on the
vent branch or header

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CHAPTER 9 VENTS

TABLE 919.2 Minimum Diameter and Maximum Length of Individual Branch Fixture Vents and
Individual Fixture Header Vents For Smooth Pipes

DIAMETER INDIVIDUAL VENT AIRFLOW RATE (Liters per minute)

OF VENT Maximum developed length of vent (m)
PIPE (mm) 0.3 0.6 0.9 1.2 1.5 1.8 2.1 2.4 2.7 3 3.3 3.6 3.9 4.2 4.5 4.8 5.2 5.5 5.8 6
15 2690 708 368 227 142 113 85 57 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 28
20 2831 2492 1331 849 566 425 283 255 198 170 142 113 85 85 57 57 57 57 57 28
25 — — 2813 2662 1840 1359 1048 821 680 566 481 396 340 311 255 227 198 198 170 170
32 — — — — — — — 2813 2463 2067 1755 1500 1302 1133 1019 906 821 736 651 595
40 — — — — — — — — — — — 2813 2718 2378 2124 1840 1699 1529 1387 1274
50 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 2813

SBC 701-CR-18 118

 CHAPTER 10 TRAPS, INTERCEPTORS AND SEPARATORS

TRAPS, INTERCEPTORS AND

SEPARATORS

SECTION 1001 GENERAL provided that they are connected to a main

trap in accordance with Section 1103.1.
1001.1 Scope.
This chapter shall govern the material and 1002.2 Design of traps.
installation of traps, interceptors and separators. Fixture traps shall be self-scouring. Fixture
traps shall not have interior partitions, except
SECTION 1002 TRAP where such traps are integral with the fixture or
REQUIREMENTS where such traps are constructed of an approved
material that is resistant to corrosion and
1002.1 Fixture traps.
degradation. Slip joints shall be made with an
Each plumbing fixture shall be separately approved elastomeric gasket and shall be
trapped by a liquid-seal trap, except as installed only on the trap inlet, trap outlet and
otherwise permitted by this code. The vertical within the trap seal.
distance from the fixture outlet to the trap weir
shall not exceed 600 mm, and the horizontal 1002.3 Prohibited traps.
distance shall not exceed 750 mm measured The following types of traps are prohibited:
from the centerline of the fixture outlet to the
centerline of the inlet of the trap. The height of 1. Traps that depend on moving parts to
a clothes washer standpipe above a trap shall maintain the seal.
conform to Section 802.3.3. A fixture shall not 4 Bell traps.
be double trapped.
5 Crown-vented traps.
Exceptions:
6 Traps not integral with a
1. This section shall not apply to fixtures fixture and that depend on interior
with integral traps. partitions for the seal, except those
2. A combination plumbing fixture is traps constructed of an approved
permitted to be installed on one trap, material that is resistant to corrosion
provided that one compartment is not and degradation.
more than 150 mm deeper than the other
compartment and the waste outlets are not 7 “S” traps.
more than 750 mm apart. 8 Drum traps.
3. A grease interceptor intended to serve as a
fixture trap in accordance with the Exception: Drum traps used as solids
manufacturer’s installation instructions interceptors and drum traps serving chemical
shall be permitted to serve as the trap for a waste systems shall not be prohibited.
single fixture or a combination sink of not 1002.4 Trap seals.
more than three compartments where the
vertical distance from the fixture outlet to Each fixture trap shall have a liquid seal of not
the inlet of the interceptor does not exceed less than 50 mm and not more than 100 mm, or
750 mm and the developed length of the deeper for special designs relating to accessible
waste pipe from the most upstream fixture fixtures.
outlet to the inlet of the interceptor does 1002.4.1 Trap seal protection.
not exceed 1500 mm.
Trap seals of emergency floor drain traps and
4. Floor drains in multilevel parking
trap seals subject to evaporation shall be
structures that discharge to a building
protected by one of the methods in Sections
storm sewer shall not be required to be
1002.4.1.1 through 1002.4.1.4.
individually trapped. Where floor drains in
multilevel parking structures are required
1002.4.1.1 Potable water-supplied trap seal
to discharge to a combined building sewer
primer valve.
system, the floor drains shall not be
A potable water-supplied trap seal primer valve
required to be individually trapped

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 CHAPTER 10 TRAPS, INTERCEPTORS AND SEPARATORS

shall supply water to the trap. Water-supplied underground trap, such as one serving a bathtub
trap seal primer valves shall conform to ASSE in slab-type construction, shall have sides and a
1018. The discharge pipe from the trap seal bottom of corrosion-resistant, insect- and
primer valve shall connect to the trap above the verminproof construction.
trap seal on the inlet side of the trap.
1002.9 Acid-resisting traps.
1002.4.1.2 Reclaimed or gray water- Where a vitrified clay or other brittle ware,
supplied trap seal primer valve. acid-resisting trap is installed underground,
A reclaimed or gray water-supplied trap seal such trap shall be embedded in concrete
primer valve shall supply water to the trap. extending 150 mm beyond the bottom and sides
Water-supplied trap seal primer valves shall of the trap.
conform to ASSE 1018. The quality of
reclaimed or gray water supplied to trap seal 1002.10 Plumbing in mental health
primer valves shall be in accordance with the centers.
requirements of the manufacturer of the trap In mental health centers, pipes and traps shall
seal primer valve. The discharge pipe from the not be exposed.
trap seal primer valve shall connect to the trap
SECTION 1003 INTERCEPTORS
above the trap seal, on the inlet side of the trap.
AND SEPARATORS
1002.4.1.3 Waste water-supplied trap 1003.1 Where required.
primer device.
A waste water-supplied trap primer device shall Interceptors and separators shall be provided to
supply water to the trap. Waste water-supplied prevent the discharge of oil, grease, sand and
trap primer devices shall conform to ASSE other substances harmful or hazardous to the
1044. The discharge pipe from the trap seal public sewer, the private sewage system or the
primer device shall connect to the trap above sewage treatment plant or processes.
the trap seal on the inlet side of the trap. 1003.2 Approval.
1002.4.1.4 Barrier-type trap seal protection The size, type and location of each interceptor
device. and of each separator shall be designed and
A barrier-type trap seal protection device shall installed in accordance with the manufacturer’s
protect the floor drain trap seal from instructions and the requirements of this section
evaporation. Barrier-type floor drain trap seal based on the anticipated conditions of use.
protection devices shall conform to ASSE Wastes that do not require treatment or
1072. The devices shall be installed in separation shall not be discharged into any
accordance with the manufacturer’s interceptor or separator.
instructions. 1003.3 Grease interceptors.
1002.5 Size of fixture traps. Grease interceptors shall comply with the
Fixture trap size shall be sufficient to drain the requirements of Sections 1003.3.1 through
fixture rapidly and not less than the size 1003.3.5.
indicated in Table 709.1. A trap shall not be 1003.3.1 Grease interceptors and
larger than the drainage pipe into which the trap automatic grease removal devices
discharges. required.
1002.6 Building traps. A grease interceptor or automatic grease
Building (house) traps shall be prohibited. removal device shall be required to receive the
drainage from fixtures and equipment with
1002.7 Trap setting and protection. grease laden waste located in food preparation
Traps shall be set level with respect to the trap areas, such as in restaurants, hotel kitchens,
seal and, where necessary, shall be protected hospitals, school kitchens and factory
from freezing. cafeterias. Fixtures and equipment shall include
pot sinks, prerinse sinks; soup kettles or similar
1002.8 Recess for trap connection. devices; work stations; floor drains or sinks into
A recess provided for connection of the which kettles are drained; automatic hood wash

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 CHAPTER 10 TRAPS, INTERCEPTORS AND SEPARATORS

units and dishwashers without prerinse sinks. greases disposal systems and
Grease interceptors and automatic grease automatic grease removal
removal devices shall receive waste only from devices.
fixtures and equipment that allow fats, oils or Hydro-mechanical grease interceptors; fats,
grease to be discharged. Where lack of space or oils, and greases disposal systems and
other constraints prevent the installation or automatic grease removal devices shall be sized
replacement of a grease interceptor, one or in accordance with ASME A112.14.3, ASME
more grease interceptors shall be permitted to A112.14.4, ASME A112.14.6, CSA B481.3 or
be installed on or above the floor and upstream PDI G101. Hydro-mechanical grease
of an existing grease interceptor. interceptors; fats, oils, and greases disposal
systems and automatic grease removal devices
1003.3.2 Food waste disposers.
shall be designed and tested in accordance with
Where food waste disposers connect to grease ASME A112.14.3, ASME A112.14.4, CSA
interceptors, a solids interceptor shall separate B481.1, PDI G101 or PDI G102. Hydro-
the discharge before connecting to the grease mechanical grease interceptors; fats, oils, and
interceptor. Solids interceptors and grease greases disposal systems and automatic grease
interceptors shall be sized and rated for the removal devices shall be installed in accordance
discharge of the food waste disposers. with the manufacturer’s instructions. Where
Emulsifiers, chemicals, enzymes and bacteria manufacturer’s instructions are not provided,
shall not discharge into the food waste disposer. hydro-mechanical grease interceptors; fats,
1003.3.3 Grease interceptors and oils, and greases disposal systems and
automatic grease removal devices automatic grease removal devices shall be
not required. installed in compliance with ASME A112.14.3,
ASME A112.14.4, ASME A112.14.6, CSA
A grease interceptor or an automatic grease B481.3 or PDI G101.
removal device shall not be required for
individual dwelling units or any private living 1003.3.4.1 Grease interceptor capacity.
quarters. Grease interceptors shall have the grease
1003.3.4 Hydro-mechanical grease retention capacity indicated in Table 1003.3.4.1
interceptors, fats, oils and for the flow-through rates indicated.

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 CHAPTER 10 TRAPS, INTERCEPTORS AND SEPARATORS

Table 1003.3.4.1 Capacity of Grease Interceptorsa

TOTAL FLOW-THROUGH RATING ( Lpm ) GREASE RETENTION CAPACITY (kg)

15 3.6
23 5.5
26 6.5
34 8
38 9
45 11
53 13
57 14
68 16
76 18
95 23
132 32
189 45
284 68
380 91
a. For total flow-through ratings greater than 380 (Lpm), double the flow-through rating to determine the
grease retention capacity.
and tested in accordance with IAPMO/ANSI
1003.3.4.2 Rate of flow controls. Z1001. Gravity grease interceptors with fats,
Grease interceptors shall be equipped with oils, and greases disposal systems shall be
devices to control the rate of water flow so that designed and tested in accordance with ASME
the water flow does not exceed the rated flow. A112.14.6 and IAPMO/ANSI Z1001. Gravity
The flow-control device shall be vented and grease interceptors and gravity grease
terminate not less than 150 mm above the flood interceptors with fats, oils, and greases disposal
rim level or be installed in accordance with the systems shall be installed in accordance with
manufacturer’s instructions. manufacturer’s instructions. Where
manufacturer’s instructions are not provided,
1003.3.5 Automatic grease removal gravity grease interceptors and gravity grease
devices. interceptors with fats, oils, and greases disposal
Where automatic grease removal devices are systems shall be installed in compliance with
installed, such devices shall be located ASME A112.14.6 and IAPMO/ANSI Z1001.
downstream of each fixture or multiple fixtures
in accordance with the manufacturer’s 1003.3.7 Direct connection.
instructions. The automatic grease removal The discharge piping from a grease interceptor
device shall be sized to pre-treat the measured shall be directly connected to the sanitary
or calculated flows for all connected fixtures or drainage system.
equipment. Ready access shall be provided for
inspection and maintenance. 1003.4 Oil separators required.
At repair garages where floor or trench drains
1003.3.6 Gravity grease interceptors and are provided, car washing facilities, factories
gravity grease interceptors with where oily and flammable liquid wastes are
fats, oils, and greases disposal produced and hydraulic elevator pits, oil
systems. separators shall be installed into which oil-
The required capacity of gravity grease bearing, grease-bearing or flammable wastes
interceptors and gravity grease interceptors shall be discharged before emptying into the
with fats, oils, and greases disposal systems building drainage system or other point of
shall be determined by multiplying the peak disposal.
drain flow into the interceptor in liter per
Exception: An oil separator is not required in
minute by a retention time of 30 minutes.
hydraulic elevator pits where an approved
Gravity grease interceptors shall be designed
alarm system is installed. Such alarm systems

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 CHAPTER 10 TRAPS, INTERCEPTORS AND SEPARATORS

shall not terminate the operation of pumps Exceptions:

utilized to maintain emergency operation of the
1. Clothes washers in individual dwelling
elevator by fire fighters.
units shall not be required to discharge through
1003.4.1 Separation of liquids. an interceptor.
A mixture of treated or untreated light and 2. A single clothes washer designed for
heavy liquids with various specific gravities use in individual dwelling units and installed in
shall be separated in an approved receptacle. a location other than an individual dwelling unit
shall not be required to discharge through an
1003.4.2 Oil separator design. interceptor.
Oil separators shall be listed and labeled, or
designed in accordance with Sections 1003.7 Bottling establishments.
1003.4.2.1 and 1003.4.2.2. Bottling plants shall discharge process wastes
into an interceptor that will provide for the
1003.4.2.1 General design requirements. separation of broken glass or other solids before
Oil separators shall have a depth of not less than discharging waste into the drainage system.
600 mm below the invert of the discharge drain.
The outlet opening of the separator shall have 1003.8 Slaughterhouses.
not less than an 500mm water seal. Slaughtering room and dressing room drains
shall be equipped with approved separators.
1003.4.2.2 Garages and service stations. The separator shall prevent the discharge into
Where automobiles are serviced, greased, the drainage system of feathers, entrails and
repaired or washed or where gasoline is other materials that cause clogging.
dispensed, oil separators shall have a capacity
of not less than 0.18 m3 for the first 10 m2 of 1003.9 Venting of interceptors and
area to be drained, plus 0.03 m3 for each separators.
additional 10 m2 of area to be drained into the Interceptors and separators shall be designed so
separator. Parking garages in which servicing, as not to become air bound. Interceptors and
repairing or washing is not conducted, and in separators shall be vented in accordance with
which gasoline is not dispensed, shall not one of the methods in Chapter 9.
require a separator. Areas of commercial
garages utilized only for storage of automobiles 1003.10 Access and maintenance of
are not required to be drained through a interceptors and separators.
separator. Access shall be provided to each interceptor
and separator for service and maintenance.
1003.5 Sand interceptors in commercial Interceptors and separators shall be maintained
establishments. by periodic removal of accumulated grease,
Sand and similar interceptors for heavy solids scum, oil, or other floating substances and
shall be designed and located so as to be solids deposited in the interceptor or separator.
provided with ready access for cleaning, and
shall have a water seal of not less than 150 mm.
SECTION 1004 MATERIALS,
JOINTS AND CONNECTIONS
1003.6 Clothes washer discharge
interceptor. 1004.1 General.
Clothes washers shall discharge through an The materials and methods utilized for the
interceptor that is provided with a wire basket construction and installation of traps,
or similar device, removable for cleaning, that interceptors and separators shall comply with
prevents passage into the drainage system of this chapter and the applicable provisions of
solids 13 mm or larger in size, string, rags, Chapters 4 and 7. The fittings shall not have
buttons or other materials detrimental to the ledges, shoulders or reductions capable of
public sewage system. retarding or obstructing flow of the piping.

SBC 701-CR-18 123

 CHAPTER 11 STORM DRAINAGE

STORM DRAINAGE

SECTION 1101
GENERAL
1101.8 Cleanouts required.
1101.1 Scope. Cleanouts shall be installed in the storm
The provisions of this chapter shall govern the drainage system and shall comply with the
materials, design, construction and installation provisions of this code for sanitary drainage
of storm drainage. pipe cleanouts.

1101.2 Disposal. Exception: Subsurface drainage system.

Rainwater from roofs and storm water from 1101.9 Backwater valves.
paved areas, yards, courts and courtyards shall Storm drainage systems shall be provided with
drain to an approved place of disposal. For one- backwater valves as required for sanitary
and two-family dwellings, and where approved, drainage systems in accordance with Section
storm water is permitted to discharge onto flat 715.
areas, such as streets or lawns, provided that the
storm water flows away from the building. SECTION 1102 MATERIALS
1101.3 Prohibited drainage. 1102.1 General.
Storm water shall not be drained into sewers The materials and methods utilized for the
intended for sewage only. construction and installation of storm drainage
systems shall comply with this section and the
1101.4 Tests. applicable provisions of Chapter 7.
The conductors and the building storm drain
shall be tested in accordance with Section 312. 1102.2 Inside storm drainage
conductors.
1101.5 Change in size. Inside storm drainage conductors installed
The size of a drainage pipe shall not be reduced above ground shall conform to one of the
in the direction of flow. standards listed in Table 702.1.

1101.6 Fittings and connections. 1102.3 Underground building storm

All connections and changes in direction of the drain pipe.
storm drainage system shall be made with Underground building storm drain pipe shall
approved drainage-type fittings in accordance conform to one of the standards listed in Table
with Table 706.3. The fittings shall not obstruct 702.2.
or retard flow in the system.
1102.4 Building storm sewer pipe.
1101.7 Roof design. Building storm sewer pipe shall conform to one
Roofs shall be designed for the maximum of the standards listed in Table 1102.4.
possible depth of water that will pond thereon
as determined by the relative levels of roof deck 1102.5 Subsoil drain pipe.
and overflow weirs, scuppers, edges or Subsoil drains shall be open jointed,
serviceable drains in combination with the horizontally split or perforated pipe conforming
deflected structural elements. In determining to one of the standards listed in Table 1102.5.
the maximum possible depth of water, all
primary roof drainage means shall be assumed 1102.6 Roof Drains.
to be blocked. The maximum possible depth of Roof drains shall conform to ASME A112.6.4
water on the roof shall include the height of the or ASME A112.3.1.
water required above the inlet of the secondary
1102.7 Fittings.
roof drainage means to achieve the required
flow rate of the secondary drainage means to Pipe fittings shall be approved for installation
accommodate the design rainfall rate as with the piping material installed, and shall
required by Section 1106. conform to the respective pipe standards or one

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of the standards listed in Table 1102.7. The flow in the piping. Threaded drainage pipe
fittings shall not have ledges, shoulders or fittings shall be of the recessed drainage type.
reductions capable of retarding or obstructing

TABLE 1102.4 BUILDING STORM SEWER PIPE

MATERIAL STANDARD
Acrylonitrile butadiene ASTM D 2661; ASTM D 2751; ASTM F 628;
styrene (ABS) plastic pipe CSA B181.1; CSA B182.1
Cast-iron pipe ASTM A 74; ASTM A 888; CISPI 301
ASTM C 14; ASTM C 76;
Concrete pipe
CSA A257.1M; CSA A257.2M
Copper or copper-alloy ASTM B 75; ASTM B 88; ASTM B 251; ASTM
tubing (Type K, L, M or DWV) B 306
Polyethylene (PE) plastic pipe ASTM F 2306/F 2306M
Polyvinyl chloride (PVC)
plastic pipe (Type DWV, SDR26, SDR35, ASTM D 2665; ASTM D 3034; ASTM F 891;
SDR41, CSA B182.4; CSA B181.2; CSA B182.2
PS50 or PS100)
Vitrified clay pipe ASTM C 4; ASTM C 700
Stainless steel drainage systems, Type 316L ASME A112.3.1

TABLE 1102.5 SUBSOIL DRAIN PIPE

MATERIAL STANDARD
ASTM A 74; ASTM A 888;
Cast-iron pipe
CISPI 301
ASTM F 405; CSA B182.1;
Polyethylene (PE) plastic pipe
CSA B182.6; CSA B182.8
Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) ASTM D 2729; ASTM D 3034,
Plastic pipe (type sewer pipe, ASTM F 891; CSA B182.2; CSA
SDR35, PS25, PS50 or PS100) B182.4
Stainless steel drainage systems,
ASME A 112.3.1
Type 316L
Vitrified clay pipe ASTM C 4; ASTM C 700

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TABLE 1102.7 PIPE FITTING

MATERIAL STANDARD
Acrylonitrile butadiene ASTM D 2661; ASTM D 3311; CSA
styrene (ABS) plastic B181.1
ASME B16.4; ASME B16.12; ASTM A
Cast-iron 888; CISPI 301;
ASTM A 74
Coextruded composite ABS
and drain DR-PS in ASTM D 2751
PS35, PS50, PS100, PS140, PS200
Coextruded composite ABS DWV Schedule 40 ASTM D 2661; ASTM D 3311; ASTM F
IPS pipe (solid or cellular core) 628
Coextruded composite PVC DWV Schedule 40 ASTM D 2665; ASTM D 3311; ASTM F
IPS-DR, PS140, PS200 (solid or cellular core) 891
Coextruded composite PVC sewer and drain DR-
ASTM D 3034
PS in PS35, PS50, PS100, PS140, PS200
ASME B16.15; ASME B16.18; ASME
Copper or copper alloy B16.22; ASME B16.23; ASME B16.26;
ASME B16.29
Gray iron and ductile iron AWWA C110/A21.10
Malleable iron ASME B16.3
Plastic, general ASTM F 409
Polyethylene (PE) plastic pipe ASTM F 2306/F 2306M
Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) ASTM D 2665; ASTM D 3311; ASTM F
plastic 1866
ASME B16.9; ASME B16.11; ASME
Steel
B16.28
Stainless steel drainage systems, Type 316L ASME A112.3.1

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SECTION 1103 TRAPS SECTION 1106 SIZE OF

CONDUCTORS, LEADERS
1103.1 Main trap.
AND STORM DRAINS
Leaders and storm drains connected to a
combined sewer shall be trapped. Individual 1106.1 General.
storm water traps shall be installed on the storm The size of the vertical conductors and leaders,
water drain branch serving each conductor, or a building storm drains, building storm sewers,
single trap shall be installed in the main storm and any horizontal branches of such drains or
drain just before its connection with the sewers shall be based on the 100-year hourly
combined building sewer or the public sewer. rainfall rate indicated in Figure 1106.1 or on
Leaders and storm drains connected to a other rainfall rates determined from approved
building storm sewer shall not be required to be local weather data.
trapped.
1106.2 Size of storm drain piping.
1103.2 Material. Vertical and horizontal storm drain piping shall
Storm water traps shall be of the same material be sized based on the flow rate through the roof
as the piping system to which they are attached. drain. The flow rate in storm drain piping shall
not exceed that specified in Table 1106.2.
1103.3 Size.
Traps for individual conductors shall be the 1106.3 Vertical leader sizing.
same size as the horizontal drain to which they Vertical leaders shall be sized based on the flow
are connected. rate from horizontal gutters or the maximum
flow rate through roof drains. The flow rate
1103.4 Cleanout.
through vertical leaders shall not exceed that
An accessible cleanout shall be installed on the specified in Table 1106.3.
building side of the trap.
1106.4 Vertical walls.
SECTION 1104 CONDUCTORS AND
In sizing roof drains and storm drainage piping,
CONNECTIONS
one-half of the area of any vertical wall that
1104.1 Prohibited use. diverts rainwater to the roof shall be added to
Conductor pipes shall not be used as soil, waste the projected roof area for inclusion in
or vent pipes, and soil, waste or vent pipes shall calculating the required size of vertical
conductors, leaders and horizontal storm
not be used as conductors.
drainage piping.
1104.2 Floor drains.
Floor drains shall not be connected to a storm
drain. 1106.5 Parapet wall scupper location.
Parapet wall roof drainage scupper and
SECTION 1105 ROOF DRAINS
overflow scupper location shall comply with
1105.1 General. the SBC 201.
Roof drains shall be installed in accordance 1106.6 Size of roof gutters.
with the manufacturer’s instructions. The inside
Horizontal gutters shall sized be based on the
opening for the roof drain shall not be
flow rate from the roof surface. The flow rate in
obstructed by the roofing membrane material.
horizontal gutters shall not exceed that
1105.2 Roof drain flow rate. specified in Table 1106.6 (1) and Table 1106.6
(2).
The published roof drain flow rate, based on the
head of water above the roof drain, shall be used 1106.7 Vertical conductors and leaders.
to size the storm drainage system in accordance
Vertical conductors and leaders shall be sized
with Section 1106. The flow rate used for sizing
for the maximum projected roof area, in
the storm drainage piping shall be based on the
accordance with Table 1106.7.
maximum anticipated ponding at the roof drain.
1106.8 Building storm drains and
sewers.

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The size of the building storm drain, building slope of horizontal branches shall be 1-percent
storm sewer and their horizontal branches slope unless otherwise approved.
having a slope of 4-percent slope shall be based
on the maximum projected roof area in
accordance with Table 1106.8. The minimum

TABLE 1106.2 STORM DRAIN PIPE SIZING

CAPACITY (Liters per minute)

PIPE SIZE
SLOPE OF HORIZONTAL DRAIN
VERTICAL DRAIN
(mm) 5 mm per meter 10 mm per meter 20 mm per meter 40 mm per meter

50 130 60 80 120 170

80 330 150 210 300 420
100 680 310 440 620 870
125 1180 440 620 890 1250
150 2040 920 1300 1840 2610
200 4230 1910 2700 3820 5410
250 7760 3510 4960 7020 9930
300 12390 5600 7920 11200 15850
375 20980 9490 13420 18990 26850

TABLE 1106.3 VERTICAL LEADER SIZING

SIZE OF LEADER CAPACITY
(mm) Liters per minute
50 110
50 x 50 110
40 x 65 110
65 200
65 x 65 200
75 350
50 x 100 350
65 x 75 350
100 730
75 x 106 730
90 x 100 730
125 1360
100 x 125 1360
115 x 115 1360
150 2130
125 x 150 2130
140 x 140 2130
200 4570
150 x 200 4570

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TABLE 1106.6 (1) Horizontal Gutter Sizing

GUTTER DIMENSIONSa SLOPE CAPACITY
(mm) (mm per meter) (Liters per minute)
40 x 65 21 98
40 x 65 42 151
100 10 147
56 x 80 21 208
56 x 80 42 330
125 10 280
100 x 65 21 400
80 x 90 42 590
150 10 416
80 x 125 21 594
80 x 125 42 850
200 5 650
200 10 935
115 x 150 21 1317
115 x 150 42 1870
250 5 1253
250 10 1787
125 x 200 21 2465
100 x 250 42 4000
a. Dimensions are width by depth for rectangular shapes. Single dimensions are diameters of a semicircle.

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TABLE 1106.6 (2) SIZE SEMICIRCULLAR ROOF GUTTERS

DIAMETER HORIZONTALLY PROJECTED ROOF AREA (square meters)
OF
GUTTERa Rainfall rate (mm per hour)
(mm) 25 50 75 100 125 150
0-5 percent slope
80 65 30 20 15 15 10
100 135 65 45 35 25 20
125 230 115 75 60 45 40
150 355 180 120 90 70 60
175 515 255 170 130 100 85
200 740 370 245 185 150 125
250 1340 670 445 335 270 225
1-percent slope
80 90 45 30 20 20 15
100 190 95 65 45 40 30
125 325 165 110 80 65 55
150 505 255 170 125 100 85
175 725 360 240 180 145 120
200 1040 520 345 260 210 175
250 1895 950 630 475 380 315
2-percent slope
80 125 65 40 30 25 20
100 270 135 90 65 55 45
125 465 230 155 115 95 75
150 715 355 240 180 145 120
175 1025 515 360 255 205 170
200 1480 740 495 370 295 245
250 2675 1340 890 670 535 445
4-percent slope
80 180 90 60 45 35 30
100 380 190 125 95 75 65
125 660 330 220 165 130 110
150 1030 515 345 255 205 170
175 1450 725 485 360 290 240
200 2080 1040 695 520 415 345
250 3715 1860 1240 930 745 620
a. Shown sizes are nominal sizes based on internal diameters. If the pipe nominal size is based on the
external diameter, find the internal diameter (from SASO standards or pipe's manufacturer) and use a
pipe size with an internal diameter equal to or greater
b. than the size shown in the table.

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TABLE 1106.7 SIZE OF SEMICIRCULAR ROOF GUTTERS

DIAMETER HORIZONTALLY PROJECTED ROOF AREA (Square meters)
OF
LEADER Rainfall rate (mm per hour)b
(mm)a
25 50 75 100 125 150 175 200 225 250 275 300
50 270 135 90 67 53 45 38 33 30 27 24 22
80 818 409 272 204 164 137 117 102 91 82 74 68
100 1709 855 569 427 342 285 244 214 190 171 156 142
125 3214 1607 1071 804 643 536 459 402 357 321 292 268
150 5017 2508 1627 1254 1003 836 717 627 557 502 456 418
200 10776 5388 3592 2694 2155 1794 1539 1347 1197 1078 980 892

a. Sizes indicated are the diameter of circular piping. This table is applicable to piping of other shapes provided
the cross-sectional shape fully encloses a circle of the diameter indicated in this table.
b. Shown sizes are nominal sizes based on internal diameters. If the pipe nominal size is based on the external
diameter, find the internal diameter (from SASO standards or pipe's manufacturer) and use a pipe size with an
internal diameter equal to or greater than the size shown in the table.

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TABLE 1106.8
SIZE OF HORIZONTAL STORM DRAINAGE PIPING
SIZE OF HORIZONTALLY PROJECTED ROOF AREA (square meters)
HORIZONTAL Rainfall rate (mm per hour)
PIPINGa (mm)
25 50 75 100 125 150
1-percent slope
80 305 155 100 75 60 50
100 700 350 135 165 140 115
125 1240 620 415 310 250 205
150 1990 995 665 495 400 330
200 4275 2135 1425 1070 855 705
250 7690 3845 2565 1925 1540 1280
300 12375 6185 4125 3095 2475 2060
350 20250 10125 6765 5530 4420 3685
2-percent slope
80 430 215 145 110 85 70
100 985 490 330 245 195 165
125 1755 875 585 440 350 290
150 2805 1405 935 700 560 470
200 6055 3030 2020 1515 1210 1010
250 10850 5425 3620 2715 2170 1805
300 17465 8735 5815 4365 3495 2910
350 31215 15605 10405 7805 6250 5200
4-percent slope
80 610 305 215 155 120 100
100 1395 700 465 350 280 230
125 2480 1240 825 620 495 415
150 3975 1990 1275 995 795 665
200 8545 4275 2845 2135 1710 1425
250 15940 7970 5130 3845 3080 2565
300 24750 12375 8250 6185 4940 4125
350 44220 22110 14755 11055 8855 7360

a. Shown sizes are nominal sizes based on internal diameters. If the pipe nominal size is based on the external
diameter, find the internal diameter (from SASO standards or pipe's manufacturer) and use a pipe size with
an internal diameter equal to or greater than the size shown in the table.

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 CHAPTER 11 STORM DRAINAGE

SECTION 1107 SECTION 1110 CONTROLLED

SIPHONIC ROOF DRAINAGE FLOW ROOF DRAIN SYSTEMS
SYSTEMS
1110.1 General.
1107.1 General. The roof of a structure shall be designed for the
Siphonic roof drains and drainage systems shall storage of water where the storm drainage
be designed in accordance with ASME system is engineered for controlled flow. The
A112.6.9 and ASPE 45. controlled flow roof drain system shall be an
engineered system in accordance with this
SECTION 1108 SECONDARY section and the design, submittal, approval,
(EMERGENCY) ROOF DRAINS inspection and testing requirements of Section
105.4. The controlled flow system shall be
1108.1 Secondary (emergency overflow)
designed based on the required rainfall rate in
drains or scuppers.
accordance with Section 1106.1.
Where roof drains are required, secondary
(emergency overflow) roof drains or scuppers 1110.2 Control devices.
shall be provided where the roof perimeter The control devices shall be installed so that the
construction extends above the roof in such a rate of discharge of water per minute shall not
manner that water will be entrapped if the exceed the values for continuous flow as
primary drains allow buildup for any reason. indicated in Section 1110.1.
Where primary and secondary roof drains are
manufactured as a single assembly, the inlet and 1110.3 Installation.
outlet for each drain shall be independent. Runoff control shall be by control devices.
Control devices shall be protected by strainers.
1108.2 Separate systems required.
Secondary roof drain systems shall have the end 1110.4 Minimum number of roof drains.
point of discharge separate from the primary Not less than two roof drains shall be installed
system. Discharge shall be above grade, in a in roof areas 900 m2 or less and not less than
location that would normally be observed by four roof drains shall be installed in roofs over
the building occupants or maintenance 900 m2 in area.
personnel.
SECTION 1111 SUBSOIL DRAINS
1108.3 Sizing of secondary drains.
1111.1 Subsoil drains.
Secondary (emergency) roof drain systems
shall be sized in accordance with Section 1106 Subsoil drains shall be open-jointed,
based on the rainfall rate for which the primary horizontally split or perforated pipe conforming
system is sized. Scuppers shall be sized to to one of the standards listed in Table 1102.5.
prevent the depth of ponding water from Such drains shall not be less than 100 mm in
exceeding that for which the roof was designed diameter. Where the building is subject to
as determined by Section 1101.7. Scuppers backwater, the subsoil drain shall be protected
shall have an opening dimension of not less by an accessibly located backwater valve.
than 100 mm. The flow through the primary Subsoil drains shall discharge to a trapped area
system shall not be considered when sizing the drain, sump, dry well or approved location
secondary roof drain system. above ground. The subsoil sump shall not be
required to have either a gas-tight cover or a
SECTION 1109 vent. The sump and pumping system shall
COMBINED SANITARY AND comply with Section 1113.1.
STORM PUBLIC SEWER
SECTION 1112
1109.1 General. BUILDING SUBDRAINS
Where the public sewer is a combined system
1112.1 Building subdrains.
for both sanitary and storm water, the storm
sewer shall be connected independently to the Building subdrains located below the public
public sewer. sewer level shall discharge into a sump or
receiving tank, the contents of which shall be
automatically lifted and discharged into the

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 CHAPTER 11 STORM DRAINAGE

drainage system as required for building sumps. concrete or other approved material, with a
The sump and pumping equipment shall removable cover adequate to support
comply with Section 1113.1. anticipated loads in the area of use. The pit floor
shall be solid and provide permanent support
SECTION 1113 for the pump.
SUMPS AND PUMPING SYSTEMS
1113.1.3 Electrical.
1113.1 Pumping system.
Electrical service outlets, when required, shall
The sump pump, pit and discharge piping shall meet the requirements of NFPA 70.
conform to Sections 1113.1.1 through 1113.1.4.
1113.1.4 Piping.
1113.1.1 Pump capacity and head.
Discharge piping shall meet the requirements of
The sump pump shall be of a capacity and head Section 1102.2, 1102.3 or 1102.4 and shall
appropriate to anticipated use requirements. include a gate valve and a full flow check valve.
1113.1.2 Sump pit. Pipe and fittings shall be the same size as, or
larger than, the pump discharge tapping.
The sump pit shall be not less than 500 mm in
diameter and not less than 600 mm in depth, Exception: In one- and two-family dwellings,
unless otherwise approved. The pit shall be only a check valve shall be required, located on
accessible and located such that all drainage the discharge piping from the pump or ejector.
flows into the pit by gravity. The sump pit shall
be constructed of tile, steel, plastic, cast iron,

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CHAPTER 11 STORM DRAINAGE

To be provided later

FIGURE 1106.1
100-YEAR, 1-HOUR RAINFALL (mm) of Saudi Arabia

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 CHAPTER 12 SPECIAL PIPING AND STORAGE SYSTEMS

SPECIAL PIPING AND STORAGE SYSTEMS

shall be designed and installed in accordance

SECTION 1201 GENERAL with NFPA 99.
1201.1 Scope. Exceptions:
The provisions of this chapter shall govern the 1. This section shall not apply to portable
design and installation of piping and storage systems or cylinder storage.
systems for nonflammable medical gas systems
and nonmedical oxygen systems. All 2. Vacuum system exhaust terminations shall
maintenance and operations of such systems comply with the SBC 501.
shall be in accordance with the SBC 801.
SECTION 1203 OXYGEN SYSTEMS
SECTION 1202 MEDICAL GASES
1203.1 Design and installation.
1202.1 Nonflammable medical gases. Nonmedical oxygen systems shall be designed
Nonflammable medical gas systems, inhalation and installed in accordance with NFPA 55 and
anesthetic systems and vacuum piping systems NFPA 51.

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 CHAPTER 13 NON-POTABLE WATER SYSTEMS

NON-POTABLE WATER SYSTEMS

constructed of corrosion-resistant waterproof

SECTION 1301 GENERAL material or shall be indelibly printed on the
1301.1 Scope. fixture. The letters of the words shall be not less
than 13 mm in height and in colors in contrast
The provisions of Chapter 13 shall govern the
to the background on which they are applied. In
materials, design, construction and installation
addition to the required wordage, the
of systems for the collection, storage, treatment
pictograph shown in Figure 1301.3 shall appear
and distribution of non-potable water. The use
on the signage required by this section.
and application of non-potable water shall
comply with laws, rules and ordinances 1301.4 Permits.
applicable in the jurisdiction. Permits shall be required for the construction,
1301.2 Water quality. installation, alteration and repair of non-potable
water systems. Construction documents,
Non-potable water for each end use application
engineering calculations, diagrams and other
shall meet the minimum water quality
such data pertaining to the non-potable water
requirements as established for the intended
system shall be submitted with each permit
application by the laws, rules and ordinances
application.
applicable in the jurisdiction. Where non-
potable water from different sources is 1301.5 Potable water connections.
combined in a system, the system shall comply Where a potable system is connected to a non-
with the most stringent of the requirements of potable water system, the potable water supply
this code that are applicable to such sources. shall be protected against backflow in
1301.2.1 Residual disinfectants. accordance with Section 608.
Where chlorine is used for disinfection, the 1301.6 Approved components and
non-potable water shall contain not more than 4 materials.
mg/L of chloramines or free chlorine when Piping, plumbing components and materials
tested in accordance with ASTM D 1253. used in collection and conveyance systems shall
Where ozone is used for disinfection, the non- be manufactured of material approved for the
potable water shall not contain gas bubbles intended application and compatible with any
having elevated levels of ozone at the point of
disinfection and treatment systems used.
use.
Exception: Reclaimed water sources shall not 1301.7 Insect and vermin control.
be required to comply with these requirements. The system shall be protected to prevent the
entrance of insects and vermin into storage
1301.2.2 Filtration required. tanks and piping systems. Screen materials
Non-potable water utilized for water closet and shall be compatible with contacting system
urinal flushing applications shall be filtered by components and shall not accelerate the
a 100-micron or finer filter. corrosion of system components.
Exception: Reclaimed water sources shall not 1301.8 Freeze protection.
be required to comply with these requirements. Where sustained freezing temperatures occur,
1301.3 Signage required. provisions shall be made to keep storage tanks
and the related piping from freezing.
Non-potable water outlets such as hose
connections, open ended pipes and faucets shall 1301.9 Non-potable water storage tanks.
be identified at the point of use for each outlet Non-potable water storage tanks shall comply
with signage. that reads as follows: with Sections 1301.9.1 through 1301.9.11.
“Nonpotable water is utilized for [application
name]. CAUTION: NON-POTABLE WATER 1301.9.1 Sizing.
– DO NOT DRINK.” The words shall be The holding capacity of the storage tank shall
legibly and indelibly printed on a tag or sign

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 CHAPTER 13 NON-POTABLE WATER SYSTEMS

be sized in accordance with the anticipated empty or filled with water.

demand.
1301.9.5 Makeup water.
1301.9.2 Location. Where an uninterrupted supply is required for
Storage tanks shall be installed above or below the intended application, potable or reclaimed
grade. Above-grade storage tanks shall be water shall be provided as a source of makeup
protected from direct sunlight and shall be water for the storage tank. The makeup water
constructed using opaque, UV-resistant supply shall be protected against backflow in
materials such as, but not limited to, heavily accordance with Section 608. A full-open valve
tinted plastic, fiberglass, lined metal, concrete, located on the makeup water supply line to the
wood, or painted to prevent algae growth, or storage tank shall be provided. Inlets to the
shall have specially constructed sun barriers storage tank shall be controlled by fill valves or
including, but not limited to, installation in other automatic supply valves installed to
garages, crawl spaces or sheds. Storage tanks prevent the tank from overflowing and to
and their manholes shall not be located directly prevent the water level from dropping below a
under soil piping, waste piping or any source of predetermined point. Where makeup water is
contamination. provided, the water level shall not be permitted
to drop below the source water inlet or the
1301.9.3 Materials. intake of any attached pump.
Where collected on site, water shall be collected
in an approved tank constructed of durable, 1301.9.6 Overflow.
nonabsorbent and corrosion-resistant materials. The storage tank shall be equipped with an
The storage tank shall be constructed of overflow pipe having a diameter not less than
materials compatible with any disinfection that shown in Table 606.5.4. The overflow pipe
systems used to treat water upstream of the tank shall be protected from insects or vermin and
and with any systems used to maintain water shall discharge in a manner consistent with
quality in the tank. Wooden storage tanks that storm water runoff requirements of the
are not equipped with a makeup water source jurisdiction. The overflow pipe shall discharge
shall be provided with a flexible liner. at a sufficient distance from the tank to avoid
damaging the tank foundation or the adjacent
1301.9.4 Foundation and supports. property. Drainage from overflow pipes shall
Storage tanks shall be supported on a firm base be directed to prevent freezing on roof
capable of withstanding the weight of the walkways. The overflow drain shall not be
storage tank when filled to capacity. Storage equipped with a shutoff valve. A cleanout shall
tanks shall be supported in accordance with the be provided on each overflow pipe in
SBC 201. accordance with Section 708.

1301.9.4.1 Ballast. 1301.9.7 Access.

Where the soil can become saturated, an Not less than one access opening shall be
underground storage tank shall be ballasted, or provided to allow inspection and cleaning of the
otherwise secured, to prevent the tank from tank interior. Access openings shall have an
floating out of the ground when empty. The approved locking device or other approved
combined weight of the tank and hold down method of securing access. Below-grade
ballast shall meet or exceed the buoyancy force storage tanks, located outside of the building,
of the tank. Where the installation requires a shall be provided with a manhole either not less
foundation, the foundation shall be flat and than 600 mm square or with an inside diameter
shall be designed to support the weight of the not less than 600 mm. Manholes shall extend
storage tank when full, consistent with the not less than 100 mm above ground or shall be
bearing capability of adjacent soil. designed to prevent water infiltration. Finished
grade shall be sloped away from the manhole to
1301.9.4.2 Structural support. divert surface water. Manhole covers shall be
Where installed below grade, storage tank secured to prevent unauthorized access. Service
installations shall be designed to withstand ports in manhole covers shall be not less than
earth and surface structural loads without 200 mm in diameter and shall be not less than
damage and with minimal deformation when 100 mm above the finished grade level. The

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 CHAPTER 13 NON-POTABLE WATER SYSTEMS

service port shall be secured to prevent overflow line prior to and during inspection. All
unauthorized access. seams and joints shall be left exposed and the
tank shall remain water tight without leakage
Exception: Storage tanks less than 3028 L in
for a period of 24 hours.
volume and installed below grade shall not be
required to be equipped with a manhole, but 1. After 24 hours, supplemental water shall
shall have a service port not less than 200 mm be introduced for a period of 15 minutes
in diameter. to verify proper drainage of the overflow
system and that there are no leaks.
1301.9.8 Venting.
9 The tank drain shall be
Storage tanks shall be provided with a vent
observed for proper operation.
sized in accordance with Chapter 9 and based
on the aggregate diameter of all tank influent 10 The makeup water system shall
pipes. The reservoir vent shall not be connected be observed for proper operation and
to sanitary drainage system vents. Vents shall successful automatic shutoff of the
be protected from contamination by means of system at the refill threshold shall be
an approved cap or U-bend installed with the verified.
opening directed downward. Vent outlets shall
extend not less than 100 mm above grade or as 1301.10 System abandonment.
necessary to prevent surface water from If the owner of an on-site non-potable water
entering the storage tank. Vent openings shall reuse system or rainwater collection and
be protected against the entrance of vermin and conveyance system elects to cease use of, or
insects in accordance with the requirements of fails to properly maintain such system, the
Section 1301.7. system shall be abandoned and shall comply
with the following:
1301.9.9 Draining of tanks.
11 All system piping connecting
Where tanks require draining for service or
to a utility-provided water system shall
cleaning, tanks shall be drained by using a
be removed or disabled.
pump or by a drain located at the lowest point
in the tank. The tank drain pipe shall discharge 12 The distribution piping system
as required for overflow pipes and shall not be shall be replaced with an approved
smaller in size than specified in Table 606.5.7. potable water supply piping system.
Not less than one cleanout shall be provided on Where an existing potable pipe system
each drain pipe in accordance with Section 708. is already in place, the fixtures shall be
connected to the existing system.
1301.9.10 Marking and signage.
13 The storage tank shall be
Each non-potable water storage tank shall be
secured from accidental access by
labeled with its rated capacity. The contents of
sealing or locking tank inlets and
storage tanks shall be identified with the words
access points, or filling with sand or
“CAUTION: NON-POTABLE WATER – DO
equivalent.
NOT DRINK.” Where an opening is provided
that could allow the entry of personnel, the 1301.11 Trenching requirements for non-
opening shall be marked with the words, potable water piping.
“DANGER – CONFINED SPACE.” Markings Non-potable water collection and distribution
shall be indelibly printed on the tank or on a tag piping and reclaimed water piping shall be
or sign constructed of corrosion-resistant separated from the building sewer and potable
waterproof material that is mounted on the tank. water piping underground by 1500 mm of
The letters of the words shall be not less than 13 undisturbed or compacted earth. Non-potable
mm in height and shall be of a color in contrast water collection and distribution piping shall
with the background on which they are applied. not be located in, under or above cesspools,
1301.9.11 Storage tank tests. septic tanks, septic tank drainage fields or
seepage pits. Buried non-potable water piping
Storage tanks shall be tested in accordance with
shall comply with the requirements of Section
the following:
306.
Storage tanks shall be filled with water to the

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Exceptions: SECTION 1302 ON-SITE NON-

1. The required separation distance shall not POTABLE WATER REUSE
apply where the bottom of the non-potable SYSTEMS
water pipe within 1500 mm of the sewer is
1302.1 General.
not less than 300 mm above the top of the
highest point of the sewer and the pipe The provisions of Section 1302 shall govern the
materials conform to Table 702.3. construction, installation, alteration and repair
of on-site non-potable water reuse systems for
2. The required separation distance shall not the collection, storage, treatment and
apply where the bottom of the potable distribution of on-site sources of non-potable
water service pipe within 1500 mm of the water as permitted by the jurisdiction.
non-potable water pipe is a minimum of
300 mm above the top of the highest point 1302.2 Sources.
of the non-potable water pipe and the pipe On-site non-potable water reuse systems shall
materials comply with the requirements of collect waste discharge from only the following
Table 605.4. sources: bathtubs, showers, lavatories, clothes
3. Non-potable water pipe is permitted to be washers and laundry trays. Water from other
located in the same trench with a building approved non-potable sources including
sewer, provided that such sewer is swimming pool backwash operations, air
constructed of materials that comply with conditioner condensate, rainwater, cooling
the requirements of Table 702.2. tower blow-down water, foundation drain
water, steam system condensate, fluid cooler
4. The required separation distance shall not discharge water, food steamer discharge water,
apply where a non-potable water pipe combination oven discharge water, industrial
crosses a sewer pipe, provided that the process water and fire pump test water shall
pipe is sleeved to at least 1500 mm also be permitted to be collected for reuse by
horizontally from the sewer pipe on-site non-potable water reuse systems, as
centerline on both sides of such crossing, approved by the code official and as appropriate
with pipe materials that comply with Table for the intended application.
702.2.
1302.2.1 Prohibited sources.
5. The required separation distance shall not
apply where a potable water service pipe Waste water containing urine or fecal matter
crosses a non-potable water pipe, provided shall not be diverted to on-site non-potable
that the potable water service pipe is water reuse systems and shall discharge to the
sleeved for a distance of at least 1500 mm sanitary drainage system of the building or
horizontally from the centerline of the premises in accordance with Chapter 7. Reverse
non-potable pipe on both sides of such osmosis system reject water, water softener
crossing, with pipe materials that comply discharge water, kitchen sink waste water,
with Table 702.2. dishwasher waste water and waste water
discharged from wet-hood scrubbers shall not
6. Irrigation piping located outside of a be collected for reuse in an on-site non-potable
building and downstream of the backflow water reuse system.
preventer is not required to meet the
trenching requirements where non-potable 1302.3 Traps.
water is used for outdoor applications. Traps serving fixtures and devices discharging
waste water to on-site non-potable water reuse
1301.12 Outdoor outlet access.
systems shall comply with Section 1002.4.
Sillcocks, hose bibbs, wall hydrants, yard
hydrants and other outdoor outlets supplied by 1302.4 Collection pipe.
non-potable water shall be located in a locked On-site non-potable water reuse systems shall
vault or shall be operable only by means of a utilize drainage piping approved for use in
removable key. plumbing drainage systems to collect and
convey untreated water for reuse. Vent piping
approved for use in plumbing venting systems
shall be utilized for vents in the gray water

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 CHAPTER 13 NON-POTABLE WATER SYSTEMS

system. Collection and vent piping materials with NSF 350.

shall comply with Section 702.
1302.7 Storage tanks.
1302.4.1 Installation. Storage tanks utilized in on-site non-potable
Collection piping conveying untreated water water reuse systems shall comply with Sections
for reuse shall be installed in accordance with 1301.9 and 1302.7.1 through 1302.7.3.
Section 704.
1302.7.1 Location.
1302.4.2 Joints. Storage tanks shall be located with a minimum
Collection piping conveying untreated water horizontal distance between various elements
for reuse shall utilize joints approved for use as indicated in Table 1302.7.1.
with the distribution piping and appropriate for
the intended applications as specified in Section
TABLE 1302.7.1 LOCATION OF NON-
705.
POTABLE WATER REUSE STORAGE
1302.4.3 Size. TANKS
Collection piping conveying untreated water MINIMUM
HORIZONTAL
for reuse shall be sized in accordance with
ELEMENT DISTANCE FROM
drainage sizing requirements specified in
STORAGE TANK
Section 710.
(m)
1302.4.4 Labeling and marking. Critical root zone
Additional marking of collection piping (CRZ) of protected 0.6
conveying untreated water for reuse shall not be trees
required beyond that required for sanitary Lot line adjoining
1.5
drainage, waste and vent piping by Chapter 7. private lots
Seepage pits 1.5
1302.5 Filtration. Septic tanks 1.5
Untreated water collected for reuse shall be Water wells 15
filtered as required for the intended end use. Streams and lakes 15
Filters shall be accessible for inspection and Water service 1.5
maintenance. Filters shall utilize a pressure Public water main 3.0
gauge or other approved method to provide
indication when a filter requires servicing or
replacement. Filters shall be installed with 1302.7.2 Design and construction.
shutoff valves immediately upstream and Storage tanks shall be designed and constructed
downstream to allow for isolation during in accordance with Chapters 16 through 22 of
maintenance. the SBC 201 and in accordance with the
following standards, as appropriate for the
1302.6 Disinfection and treatment. material of the storage tank: AWWA D100,
Where the intended application for non-potable AWWA D115, AWWA D120, UL 58, UL
water collected on site for reuse requires 1746, UL 1316, UL 142, API 12F or API 12D.
disinfection or other treatment or both, it shall
be disinfected as needed to ensure that the 1302.7.3 Outlets.
required water quality is delivered at the point Outlets shall be located not less than 100 mm
of use. Non-potable water collected on site above the bottom of the storage tank and shall
containing untreated gray water shall be not skim water from the surface.
retained in collection reservoirs for a maximum
of 24 hours. 1302.8 Valves.
Valves shall be supplied on on-site non-potable
1302.6.1 Gray water used for fixture water reuse systems in accordance with
flushing. Sections 1302.8.1 and 1302.8.2.
Gray water used for flushing water closets and
urinals shall be disinfected and treated by an on- 1302.8.1 Bypass valve.
site water reuse treatment system complying One three-way diverter valve listed and labeled

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 CHAPTER 13 NON-POTABLE WATER SYSTEMS

to NSF 50 or other approved device shall be piping systems shall be designed and sized in
installed on collection piping upstream of each accordance with Section 604 for the intended
storage tank, or drain field, as applicable, to application.
divert untreated on-site reuse sources to the
sanitary sewer to allow servicing and inspection 1302.11.3 Marking.
of the system. Bypass valves shall be installed On-site non-potable water distribution piping
downstream of fixture traps and vent labeling and marking shall comply with Section
connections. Bypass valves shall be marked to 608.8.
indicate the direction of flow, connection and
storage tank or drain field connection. Bypass 1302.12 Tests and inspections.
valves shall be installed in accessible locations. Tests and inspections shall be performed in
Two shutoff valves shall not be installed to accordance with Sections 1302.12.1 through
serve as a bypass valve. 1302.12.6.

1302.8.2 Backwater valve. 1302.12.1 Collection pipe and vent test.

One or more backwater valves shall be installed Drain, waste and vent piping used for on-site
on each overflow and tank drain pipe. water reuse systems shall be tested in
Backwater valves shall be in accordance with accordance with Section 312.
Section 715.
1302.12.2 Storage tank test.
1302.9 Pumping and control system. Storage tanks shall be tested in accordance with
Mechanical equipment including pumps, valves Section 1301.9.11.
and filters shall be easily accessible and
removable in order to perform repair, 1302.12.3 Water supply system test.
maintenance and cleaning. The minimum flow The testing of makeup water supply piping and
rate and flow pressure delivered by the distribution piping shall be conducted in
pumping system shall be appropriate for the accordance with Section 312.5.
application and in accordance with Section 604.
1302.12.4 Inspection and testing of
1302.10 Water pressure-reducing valve backflow prevention assemblies.
or regulator. The testing of backflow preventers and
Where the water pressure supplied by the backwater valves shall be conducted in
pumping system exceeds 550 kPa static, a accordance with Section 312.10.
pressure-reducing valve shall be installed to
1302.12.5 Inspection of vermin and insect
reduce the pressure in the non-potable water
distribution system piping to 550 kPa static or protection.
less. Pressure-reducing valves shall be specified Inlets and vents to the system shall be inspected
and installed in accordance with Section 604.8. to verify that each is protected to prevent the
entrance of insects and vermin into the storage
1302.11 Distribution pipe. tank and piping systems in accordance with
Distribution piping utilized in on-site non- Section 1301.7.
potable water reuse systems shall comply with
Sections 1302.11.1 through 1302.11.3. 1302.12.6 Water quality test.
The quality of the water for the intended
Exception: Irrigation piping located outside of application shall be verified at the point of use
the building and downstream of a backflow in accordance with the requirements of the
preventer. jurisdiction.
1302.11.1 Materials, joints and 1302.13 Operation and maintenance
connections. manuals.
Distribution piping shall conform to the Operation and maintenance materials shall be
standards and requirements specified in Section supplied with non-potable on-site water reuse
605. systems in accordance with Sections 1302.13.1
1302.11.2 Design. through 1302.13.4.
On-site non-potable water reuse distribution

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 CHAPTER 13 NON-POTABLE WATER SYSTEMS

1302.13.1 Manual. be self-cleaning.

A detailed operations and maintenance manual
1303.4 Roof washer.
shall be supplied in hardcopy form with all
systems. A sufficient amount of rainwater shall be
diverted at the beginning of each rain event, and
1302.13.2 Schematics. not allowed to enter the storage tank, to wash
The manual shall include a detailed system accumulated debris from the collection surface.
schematic, and the locations and a list of all The amount of rainfall to be diverted shall be
system components, including manufacturer field adjustable as necessary to minimize
and model number. storage tank water contamination. The roof
washer shall not rely on manually operated
1302.13.3 Maintenance procedures. valves or devices, and shall operate
The manual shall provide a schedule and automatically. Diverted rainwater shall not be
procedures for all system components requiring drained to the roof surface, and shall be
periodic maintenance. Consumable parts, discharged in a manner consistent with the
including filters, shall be noted along with part storm water runoff requirements of the
numbers. jurisdiction. Roof washers shall be accessible
for maintenance and service.
1302.13.4 Operations procedures.
The manual shall include system startup and 1303.5 Roof gutters and downspouts.
shutdown procedures. The manual shall include Gutters and downspouts shall be constructed of
detailed operating procedures for the system. materials that are compatible with the collection
surface and the rainwater quality for the desired
SECTION 1303 NON-POTABLE end use. Joints shall be water tight.
RAINWATER COLLECTION AND
DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS 1303.5.1 Slope.
Roof gutters, leaders and rainwater collection
1303.1 General. piping shall slope continuously toward
The provisions of Section 1303 shall govern the collection inlets. Gutters and downspouts shall
construction, installation, alteration and repair have a slope of not less than 10.4 mm/meter
of rainwater collection and conveyance systems along their entire length, and shall not permit
for the collection, storage, treatment and the collection or pooling of water at any point.
distribution of rainwater for non-potable
Exception: Siphonic drainage systems installed
applications, as permitted by the jurisdiction.
in accordance with the manufacturer’s
1303.2 Collection surface. instructions shall not be required to have a
Rainwater shall be collected only from above- slope.
ground impervious roofing surfaces 1303.5.2 Size.
constructed from approved materials.
Gutters and downspouts shall be installed and
Collection of water from vehicular parking or
sized in accordance with Section 1106.6 and
pedestrian surfaces shall be prohibited except
local rainfall rates.
where the water is used exclusively for
landscape irrigation. Overflow and bleed-off 1303.5.3 Cleanouts.
pipes from roof-mounted appliances including,
Cleanouts shall be provided in the water
but not limited to, evaporative coolers, water
conveyance system to allow access to all filters,
heaters, and solar water heaters shall not
flushes, pipes and downspouts.
discharge onto rainwater collection surfaces.
1303.6 Drainage.
1303.3 Debris excluders.
Water drained from the roof washer or debris
Downspouts and leaders shall be connected to a
excluder shall not be drained to the sanitary
roof washer and shall be equipped with a debris
sewer. Such water shall be diverted from the
excluder or equivalent device to prevent the
storage tank and discharge in a location that will
contamination of collected rainwater with
not cause erosion or damage to property in
leaves, sticks, pine needles and similar material.
accordance with the SBC 201. Roof washers
Debris excluders and equivalent devices shall
and debris excluders shall be provided with an

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 CHAPTER 13 NON-POTABLE WATER SYSTEMS

automatic means of self-draining between rain Chapter 7.

events, and shall not drain onto roof surfaces.
1303.8 Filtration.
1303.7 Collection pipe. Collected rainwater shall be filtered as required
Rainwater collection and conveyance systems for the intended end use. Filters shall be
shall utilize drainage piping approved for use accessible for inspection and maintenance.
within plumbing drainage systems to collect Filters shall utilize a pressure gauge or other
and convey captured rainwater. Vent piping approved method to provide indication when a
approved for use within plumbing venting filter requires servicing or replacement. Filters
systems shall be utilized for vents within the shall be installed with shutoff valves installed
rainwater system. Collection and vent piping immediately upstream and downstream to
materials shall comply with Section 702. allow for isolation during maintenance.
1303.7.1 Installation. 1303.9 Disinfection.
Collection piping conveying captured rainwater Where the intended application for rainwater
shall be installed in accordance with Section requires disinfection or other treatment or both,
704. it shall be disinfected as needed to ensure that
the required water quality is delivered at the
1303.7.2 Joints. point of use. Where chlorine is used for
Collection piping conveying captured rainwater disinfection or treatment, water shall be tested
shall utilize joints approved for use with the for residual chlorine in accordance with ASTM
distribution piping and appropriate for the D 1253. The levels of residual chlorine shall not
intended applications as specified in Section exceed that allowed for the intended use in
705. accordance with the requirements of the
jurisdiction.
1303.7.3 Size.
Collection piping conveying captured rainwater 1303.10 Storage tanks.
shall be sized in accordance with drainage Storage tanks utilized in non-potable rainwater
sizing requirements specified in Section 710. collection and conveyance systems shall
comply with Sections 1301.9 and 1303.10.1
1303.7.4 Marking. through 1303.10.3.
Additional marking of collection piping
conveying captured rainwater for reuse 1303.10.1 Location.
shall not be required beyond that required for Storage tanks shall be located with a minimum
sanitary drainage, waste and vent piping by horizontal distance between various elements
as indicated in Table 1303.10.1.

TABLE 1303.10.1LOCATION OF RAINWATER STORAGE TANKS

MINIMUM HORIZONTAL DISTANCE

ELEMENT
FROM STORAGE TANK (m)
Critical root zone (CRZ) of protected trees 0.6
Lot line adjoining private lots 1.5
Seepage pits 1.5
Septic tanks 1.5

Outlets shall be located at least 100 mm above

1303.10.2 Inlets.
the bottom of the storage tank and shall not
Storage tank inlets shall be designed to skim water from the surface.
introduce collected rainwater into the tank with
minimum turbulence, and shall be located and 1303.11 Valves.
designed to avoid agitating the contents of the Valves shall be supplied on rainwater collection
storage tank. and conveyance systems in accordance with
Section 1303.11.1.
1303.10.3 Outlets.

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 CHAPTER 13 NON-POTABLE WATER SYSTEMS

1303.11.1 Backwater valve. 1303.15.1 Roof gutter inspection and test.

Backwater valves shall be installed on each Roof gutters shall be inspected to verify that the
overflow and tank drain pipe. Backwater valves installation and slope is in accordance with
shall be in accordance with Section 715. Section 1303.5.1. Gutters shall be tested by
pouring not less than 3.8 L of water into the end
1303.12 Pumping and control system. of the gutter opposite the collection point. The
Mechanical equipment including pumps, valves gutter being tested shall not leak and shall not
and filters shall be easily accessible and retain standing water.
removable in order to perform repair,
maintenance and cleaning. The minimum flow 1303.15.2 Roof washer test.
rate and flow pressure delivered by the Roof washers shall be tested by introducing
pumping system shall be appropriate for the water into the gutters. Proper diversion of the
application and in accordance with Section 604. first quantity of water in accordance with the
requirements of Section 1303.4 shall be
1303.13 Water pressure-reducing valve verified.
or regulator.
Where the water pressure supplied by the 1303.15.3 Collection pipe and vent test.
pumping system exceeds 550 kPa static, a Drain, waste and vent piping used for rainwater
pressure-reducing valve shall be installed to collection and conveyance systems shall be
reduce the pressure in the rainwater distribution tested in accordance with Section 312.
system piping to 550 kPa static or less.
Pressure-reducing valves shall be specified and 1303.15.4 Storage tank test.
installed in accordance with Section 604.8. Storage tanks shall be tested in accordance with
Section 1301.9.11.
1303.14 Distribution pipe.
Distribution piping utilized in rainwater 1303.15.5 Water supply system test.
collection and conveyance systems shall The testing of makeup water supply piping and
comply with Sections 1303.14.1 through distribution piping shall be conducted in
1303.14.3. accordance with Section 312.5.
Exception: Irrigation piping located outside of 1303.15.6 Inspection and testing of
the building and downstream of a backflow backflow prevention assemblies.
preventer. The testing of backflow preventers and
1303.14.1 Materials, joints and backwater valves shall be conducted in
connections. accordance with Section 312.10.
Distribution piping shall conform to the 1303.15.7 Inspection of vermin and insect
standards and requirements specified in Section protection.
605 for non-potable water. Inlets and vents to the system shall be inspected
1303.14.2 Design. to verify that each is protected to prevent the
entrance of insects and vermin into the storage
Distribution piping systems shall be designed
tank and piping systems in accordance with
and sized in accordance with Section 604 for
Section 1301.7.
the intended application.
1303.15.8 Water quality test.
1303.14.3 Marking.
The quality of the water for the intended
Non-potable rainwater distribution piping
application shall be verified at the point of use
labeling and marking shall comply with Section
in accordance with the requirements of the
608.8.
jurisdiction. Except where site conditions as
1303.15 Tests and inspections. specified in ASTM E 2727 affect the rainwater,
collected rainwater shall be considered to have
Tests and inspections shall be performed in
the parameters indicated in Table 1303.15.8.
accordance with Sections 1303.15.1 through
1303.15.8.

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 CHAPTER 13 NON-POTABLE WATER SYSTEMS

TABLE 1303.15.8 RAINWATER QUALITY

PARAMETER VALUE
pH 6.0-7.0
BOD Not greater than 10 mg/L
NTU Not greater than 2
Fecal coliform No detectable fecal coli in 100 mL
Sodium No detectable sodium in 100 mL
Chlorine No detectable chlorine in 100 mL
Enteroviruses No detectable enteroviruses in 100 mL

Where the reclaimed water pressure supplied to

1303.16 Operation and maintenance
the building exceeds 550 kPa static, a pressure-
manuals.
reducing valve shall be installed to reduce the
Operation and maintenance manuals shall be pressure in the reclaimed water distribution
supplied with rainwater collection and system piping to 550 kPa static or less.
conveyance systems in accordance with Pressure-reducing valves shall be specified and
Sections 1303.16.1 through 1303.16.4. installed in accordance with Section 604.8.
1303.16.1 Manual. 1304.3 Reclaimed water systems.
A detailed operations and maintenance manual The design of the reclaimed water systems shall
shall be supplied in hardcopy form with all conform to ASTM E 2635 and accepted
systems. engineering practice.
1303.16.2 Schematics. 1304.3.1 Distribution pipe.
The manual shall include a detailed system Distribution piping shall comply with Sections
schematic, and locations and a list of all system 1304.3.1.1 through 1304.3.1.3.
components, including manufacturer and model
number. Exception: Irrigation piping located outside of
the building and downstream of a backflow
1303.16.3 Maintenance procedures. preventer.
The manual shall provide a maintenance
schedule and procedures for all system 1304.3.1.1 Materials, joints and
components requiring periodic maintenance. connections.
Consumable parts, including filters, shall be Distribution piping conveying reclaimed water
noted along with part numbers. shall conform to standards and requirements
specified in Section 605 for non-potable water.
1303.16.4 Operations procedures.
The manual shall include system startup and 1304.3.1.2 Design.
shutdown procedures, as well as detailed Distribution piping systems shall be designed
operating procedures. and sized in accordance with Section 604 for
the intended application.
SECTION 1304
RECLAIMED WATER SYSTEMS 1304.3.1.3 Labeling and marking.
Non-potable rainwater distribution piping
1304.1 General. labeling and marking shall comply with Section
The provisions of this section shall govern the 608.8.
construction, installation, alteration and repair
of systems supplying non-potable reclaimed 1304.4 Tests and inspections.
water. Tests and inspections shall be performed in
accordance with Sections 1304.4.1 and
1304.2 Water pressure-reducing valve 1304.4.2.
or regulator.

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 CHAPTER 13 NON-POTABLE WATER SYSTEMS

1304.4.1 Water supply system test. 1304.4.2 Inspection and testing of

The testing of makeup water supply piping and backflow prevention assemblies.
reclaimed water distribution piping shall be The testing of backflow preventers shall be
conducted in accordance with Section 312.5. conducted in accordance with Section 312.10

SBC 701-CR-18 147

CHAPTER 13 NON-POTABLE WATER SYSTEMS

Figures for chapter 13

FIGURE 1301.3
PICTOGRAPH—DO NOT DRINK

SBC 701-CR-18 148

 CHAPTER 14 SUBSURFACE LANDSCAPE IRRIGATION SYSTEMS

SUBSURFACE LANDSCAPE IRRIGATION

SYSTEMS

The gray water discharge shall be calculated by

SECTION 1401 GENERAL the following equation:
1401.1 Scope. C = A×B (Equation 14-1)
The provisions of Chapter 14 shall govern the where:
materials, design, construction and installation
of subsurface landscape irrigation systems A = Number of occupants:
connected to non-potable water from on-site
water reuse systems. Residential—Number of occupants shall
be determined by the actual number of
1401.2 Materials. occupants, but not less than two
Above-ground drain, waste and vent piping for occupants for one bedroom and one
subsurface landscape irrigation systems shall occupant for each additional bedroom.
conform to one of the standards listed in Table
702.1. Subsurface landscape irrigation, Commercial—Number of occupants shall
underground building drainage and vent pipe be determined by the SBC 201.
shall conform to one of the standards listed in Estimated flow demands for
Table 702.2. B =
each occupant:
1401.3 Tests. Residential—94.6 Liter per day per
Drain, waste and vent piping for subsurface occupant for showers, bathtubs and
landscape irrigation systems shall be tested in lavatories and 56.7 Lpd per occupant for
accordance with Section 312. clothes washers or laundry trays.
1401.4 Inspections. Commercial—Based on type of fixture or
Subsurface landscape irrigation systems shall water use records minus the discharge of
be inspected in accordance with Section 107. fixtures other than those discharging gray
water.
1401.5 Disinfection.
Estimated gray water discharge
Disinfection shall not be required for on-site C = based on the total number of
non-potable water reuse for subsurface occupants.
landscape irrigation systems.
1402.2 Percolation tests.
1401.6 Coloring.
The permeability of the soil in the proposed
On-site non-potable water reuse for subsurface absorption system shall be determined by
landscape irrigation systems shall not be percolation tests or permeability evaluation.
required to be dyed.
1402.2.1 Percolation tests and procedures.
SECTION 1402 SYSTEM DESIGN
AND SIZING At least three percolation tests in each system
area shall be conducted. The holes shall be
1402.1 Sizing. spaced uniformly in relation to the bottom
The system shall be sized in accordance with depth of the proposed absorption system. More
the sum of the output of all water sources percolation tests shall be made where
connected to the subsurface irrigation system. necessary, depending on system design.
Where gray water collection piping is
connected to subsurface landscape irrigation 1402.2.1.1 Percolation test hole.
systems, gray water output shall be calculated The test hole shall be dug or bored. The test hole
according to the liter-per-day-per-occupant shall have vertical sides and a horizontal
number based on the type of fixtures connected. dimension of 100 mm to 200 mm. The bottom
and sides of the hole shall be scratched with a

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 CHAPTER 14 SUBSURFACE LANDSCAPE IRRIGATION SYSTEMS

sharp-pointed instrument to expose the natural measurement periods except to the limits of the
soil. All loose material shall be removed from last measured water level drop. When the first
the hole and the bottom shall be covered with 150 mm of water seeps away in less than 30
50 mm of gravel or coarse sand. minutes, the time interval between
measurements shall be 10 minutes and the test
1402.2.1.2 Test procedure, sandy soils. run for 1 hour. The water depth shall not exceed
The hole shall be filled with clear water to a 125 mm at any time during the measurement
minimum of 300 mm above the bottom of the period. The drop that occurs during the final
hole for tests in sandy soils. The time for this measurement period shall be used in calculating
amount of water to seep away shall be the percolation rate.
determined, and this procedure shall be
repeated if the water from the second filling of 1402.2.1.4 Mechanical test equipment.
the hole seeps away in 10 minutes or less. The Mechanical percolation test equipment shall be
test shall proceed as follows: Water shall be of an approved type.
added to a point not more than 150 mm above
the gravel or coarse sand. Thereupon, from a 1402.2.2 Permeability evaluation.
fixed reference point, water levels shall be Soil shall be evaluated for estimated percolation
measured at 10-minute intervals for a period of based on structure and texture in accordance
1 hour. Where 150 mm of water seeps away in with accepted soil evaluation practices. Borings
less than 10 minutes, a shorter interval between shall be made in accordance with Section
measurements shall be used, but in no case shall 1402.2.1.1 for evaluating the soil.
the water depth exceed 150 mm. Where 150
mm of water seeps away in less than 2 minutes, 1402.3 Subsurface landscape irrigation
the test shall be stopped and a rate of less than site location.
7.2 sec/mm shall be reported. The final water The surface grade of all soil absorption systems
level drop shall be used to calculate the shall be located at a point lower than the surface
percolation rate. Soils not meeting the above grade of any water well or reservoir on the same
requirements shall be tested in accordance with or adjoining lot. Where this is not possible, the
Section 1303.7.1.3. site shall be located so surface water drainage
from the site is not directed toward a well or
1402.2.1.3 Test procedure, other soils. reservoir. The soil absorption system shall be
The hole shall be filled with clear water, and a located with a minimum horizontal distance
minimum water depth of 300 mm shall be between various elements as indicated in Table
maintained above the bottom of the hole for a 1402.3. Private sewage disposal systems in
4-hour period by refilling whenever necessary compacted areas, such as parking lots and
or by use of an automatic siphon. Water driveways, are prohibited. Surface water shall
remaining in the hole after 4 hours shall not be be diverted away from any soil absorption site
removed. Thereafter, the soil shall be allowed on the same or neighboring lots.
to swell not less than 16 hours or more than 30
SECTION 1403 INSTALLATION
hours. Immediately after the soil swelling
period, the measurements for determining the 1403.1 Installation.
percolation rate shall be made as follows: any
Absorption systems shall be installed in
soil sloughed into the hole shall be removed and
accordance with Sections 1403.1.1 through
the water level shall be adjusted to 150 mm
1403.1.5 to provide landscape irrigation
above the gravel or coarse sand. Thereupon,
without surfacing of water.
from a fixed reference point, the water level
shall be measured at 30-minute intervals for a 1403.1.1 Absorption area.
period of 4 hours, unless two successive water The total absorption area required shall be
level drops do not vary by more than 1.59 mm. computed from the estimated daily gray water
At least three water level drops shall be discharge and the design-loading rate based on
observed and recorded. The hole shall be filled the percolation rate for the site. The required
with clear water to a point not more than 150 absorption area equals the estimated gray water
mm above the gravel or coarse sand whenever discharge divided by the design-loading rate
it becomes nearly empty. Adjustments of the
water level shall not be made during the three 1403.1.2 Seepage trench excavations.

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 CHAPTER 14 SUBSURFACE LANDSCAPE IRRIGATION SYSTEMS

Seepage trench excavations shall be not less excavation, the soil shall be left until
than 300 mm in width and not greater than 1500 sufficiently dry so a soil wire will not form
mm in width. Trench excavations shall be when soil from the excavation bottom is rolled
spaced not less than 600 mm apart. The soil between the hands. The bottom area shall then
absorption area of a seepage trench shall be be scarified and loose material removed.
computed by using the bottom of the trench area
(width) multiplied by the length of pipe. 1403.1.5 Aggregate and backfill.
Individual seepage trenches shall be not greater Not less than 150 mm in depth of aggregate,
than 30 m in developed length. from Table ranging in size from 13 mm to 64 mm, shall be
1403.1.1. laid into the trench below the distribution
piping elevation. The aggregate shall be evenly
1403.1.3 Seepage bed excavations. distributed not less than 50 mm in depth over
Seepage bed excavations shall be not less than the top of the distribution pipe. The aggregate
1500 mm in width and have more than one shall be covered with approved synthetic
distribution pipe. The absorption area of a materials or 200 mm of un-compacted marsh
seepage bed shall be computed by using the hay or straw. Building paper shall not be used
bottom of the trench area. Distribution piping in to cover the aggregate. Not less than 200 mm of
a seepage bed shall be uniformly spaced not soil backfill shall be provided above the
greater than 1500 mm and not less than 3 m covering.
apart, and greater than 900 mm and not less than
300 mm from the sidewall or headwall. 1403.2 Distribution piping.
Distribution piping shall be not less than 75 mm
1403.1.4 Excavation and construction. in diameter. Materials shall comply with Table
The bottom of a trench or bed excavation shall 1403.2. The top of the distribution pipe shall be
be level. Seepage trenches or beds shall not be not less than 200 mm below the original
excavated where the soil is so wet that such surface. The slope of the distribution pipes shall
material rolled between the hands forms a soil be not less than 50 mm and not greater than 100
wire. All smeared or compacted soil surfaces in mm per 30 m.
the sidewalls or bottom of seepage trench or bed
excavations shall be scarified to the depth of 1403.2.1 Joints.
smearing or compaction and the loose material Joints in distribution pipe shall be made in
removed. Where rain falls on an open accordance with Section 705 of this code.

SBC 701-CR-18 151

CHAPTER 14 SUBSURFACE LANDSCAPE IRRIGATION SYSTEMS

TABLE 1403.3 LOCATION OF SUBSURFACE IRRIGATION SYSTEM

MINIMUM HORIZONTAL DISTANCE

ELEMENT
Storage tank (m) Irrigation disposal field (m)
Buildings 1.5 0.6
Lot line adjoining private
1.5 1.5
property
Water wells 15 30
Streams and lakes 15 15
Seepage pits 1.5 1.5
Septic tanks 0 1.5
Water service 1.5 1.5
Public water main 3.0 3.0

TABLE 1403.1.1 DESIGN LOADING RATE

PERCOLATION RATE DESIGN LOADING FACTOR

(minutes per mm) (Liters per square meter per day)
0 to less than 0.4 49
0.4 to less than 1.2 33
1.2 to less than 1.8 29
1.8 to 2.4 16

TABLE 1403.2 DISTRIBUTION PIPE

MATERIAL STANDARD
Polyethylene (PE) plastic pipe ASTM F 405
Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) plastic pipe ASTM D 2729
Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) plastic pipe with
a 88-mm O.D. and solid cellular core or ASTM F 1488
composite wall

SBC 701-CR-18 152

CHAPTER 15 REFERENCED STANDARDS

REFERENCED STANDARDS
These standards are listed here for guidance; however, for enforcement, they shall be adopted and/or
approved by the appropriate governmental authority (SASO or SBCNC) as per their mandates, before
considered part of this code.

American National Standards Institute

ANSI 25 West 43rd Street, Fourth Floor
New York, NY 10036
Standard Referenced in
reference number Title code section
number
A118.10—99 Specifications for Load Bearing, Bonded, Waterproof
Membranes for Thin Set 417.5.2.5,
Ceramic Tile and Dimension Stone Installation 417.5.2.6
Z4.3—95 Minimum Requirements for Nonsewered Waste-disposal
Systems 311.1
Z21.22—99 Relief Valves for Hot Water Supply Systems with
(R2003) Addenda Z21.22a—2000 (R2003) and 504.2, 504.4,
Z21.22b—2001 (R2003) 504.4.1
CSA B45.5—11/ Plastic Plumbing Fixtures 407.1, 415.1,
IAPMO Z124— 416.1, 416.2,
11 417.1, 418.1,
419.1, 420.1

Air-Conditioning, Heating, & Refrigeration Institute

4100 North Fairfax Drive, Suite 200
AHRI Arlington, VA 22203
Standard Referenced
reference in code
number Title section number
1010—02 Self-contained, Mechanically Refrigerated Drinking- 410.1
Water Coolers

American Petroleum Institute

1220 L Street NW
API Washington, DC 20005-4070
Standard Referenced
reference in code
number Title section number
Specification for Field Welded Tanks for Storage of
12D—2008 Production Liquids, effective April 1, 2009 1302.7.2
Specification for Shop Welded Tanks for Storage of
12F—2008 Production Liquids, effective April 1 2009 1302.7.2

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ASME American Society of Mechanical Engineers

Three Park Avenue
New York, NY 10016-5990
Standard Title Referenced
reference in code
number section number
A112.1.2—2004 Air Gaps in Plumbing Systems 406.1, 409.2,
Table 608.1,
608.13.1
A112.1.3—2000 Air Gap Fittings for Use with Plumbing Fixtures, 406.1, 409.2,
(R2011) Appliances and Appurtenances Table 608.1,
608.13.1, 1102.6
A112.3.1—2007 Stainless Steel Drainage Systems for Sanitary, DWV, 412.1,
Storm and Table 702.1,
Vacuum Applications Above and Below Ground Table 702.2,
Table 702.3,
Table 702.4,
Table 1102.4,
Table 1102.5,
1102.6,
Table 1102.7
ASME Macerating Toilet Systems and Related Components 712.4.1
A112.3.4—2013/
CSA B45.9—
2013
A112.4.1—2009 Water Heater Relief Valve Drain Tubes 504.6
A112.4.2—2009 Water Closet Personal Hygiene Devices 424.9
A112.4.3—1999 Plastic Fittings for Connecting Water Closets to the 405.4
(R2010) Sanitary Drainage System
A112.4.14— Manually Operated, Quarter-Turn Shutoff Valves for Use Table 605.7
2004 (R2010) in Plumbing Systems
A112.4-14.6— FOG (Fats, Oils and Greases) Disposal Systems 1003.3.4,
2010 1003.3.6
A112.6.1M— Floor-affixed Supports for Off-the-floor Plumbing 405.4.3
1997 (R2008) Fixtures for Public Use
A112.6.2—2000 Framing-affixed Supports for Off-the-floor Water Closets 405.4.3
(R2010) with Concealed Tanks
A112.6.3—2001 Floor and Trench Drains 412.1
(R2007)
A112.6.4—2003 Roof, Deck, and Balcony Drains 1102.6
(R2008)
A112.6.7—2010 Enameled and Epoxy-coated Cast-iron and PVC Plastic 427.1
Sanitary Floor Sinks
A112.6.9—2005 Siphonic Roof Drains 1107.1
(R2010)
A112.14.1— Backwater Valves 715.2
2003
A112.14.3— Grease Interceptors 1003.3.4
2000
A112.14.4— Grease Removal Devices 1003.3.4
2001
(Reaffirmed
2007)

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A112.18.1— Plumbing Supply Fittings 424.1, 424.2,

2012/ 424.3, 424.4,
CSA B125.1— 424.6, 424.8,
2012 605.7, 607.4,
608.2
A112.18.2— Plumbing Waste Fittings 424.1.2
2011/
CSA B125.2—
2011
A112.18.3— Performance Requirements for Backflow Protection 424.2, 424.6
2002 Devices and Systems in
(Reaffirmed Plumbing Fixture Fittings
2008)
A112.18.6/ Flexible Water Connectors 605.6
CSA B125.6—
2009
A112.18.7— Deck mounted Bath/Shower Transfer Valves with Integral 424.8
1999 Backflow Protection
(Reaffirmed
2004)
A112.18.9— Protectors/Insulators for Exposed Waste and Supplies on 404.3
2011 Accessible Fixtures
A112.19.1/— Enameled Cast Iron and Enameled Steel Plumbing 407.1, 410.1,
2013 Fixtures 415.1, 416.1,
CSA B45.2— 418.1
2013
A112.19.2— Ceramic Plumbing Fixtures 401.2, 405.9,
2013/ 407.1, 408.1,
CSA B45.1—13 410.1, 415.1,
416.1, 417.1,
418.1, 419.1,
420.1
A112.19.3— Stainless Steel Plumbing Fixtures 405.9, 407.1,
2008/ 415.1, 416.1,
CSA B45.4— 418.1, 420.1
08(R2013)
A112.19.5/— Flush Valves and Spuds for Water-closets, Urinals, and 425.4
2011 Tanks
CSA B45.15—
2011
A112.19.7M— Hydromassage Bathtub Systems 421.1, 421.4
2012/
CSA B45.10—
2012
A112.19.12— Wall Mounted and Pedestal Mounted, Adjustable, 416.4, 418.3
2006 Elevating, Tilting and
Pivoting Lavatory, Sink and Shampoo Bowl Carrier
Systems and Drain Systems
A112.19.14- Six-Liter Water Closets Equipped with a Dual Flushing 420.1
2006(R2011) Device
A112.19.15— Bathtub/Whirlpool Bathtubs with Pressure Sealed Doors 407.4, 421.6
2005
A112.19.19— Vitreous China Nonwater Urinals 419.1, 421.6
2006

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A112.21.3- Hydrants for Utility and Maintenance Use Table 608.1,

1985(R2007) 608.13.6
A112.36.2M— Cleanouts 708.1.10.2
1991
(R2008)
ASSE 1016/ Performance Requirements for Individual Thermostatic, 424.3, 424.4,
ASME Pressure Balancing and 607.4
A112.1016/ Combination Control Valves for Individual Fixture
CSA B125.16- Fittings
2011
B1.20.1— Pipe Threads, General Purpose 605.10.3,
1983(R2006) 605.11.3,
605.13.4,
605.15.3,
605.18.1,
605.22.4,
705.2.3, 705.3.3,
705.6.4,
705.19.1,
705.11.3
B 16.3—2011 Malleable Iron Threaded Fittings Classes 150 and 300 Table 702.4,
Table 1102.7
B 16.4—2011 Gray Iron Threaded Fittings Classes 125 and 250 Table 605.5,
Table 702.4,
Table 1102.7
B 16.9—2007 Factory-made Wrought Steel Buttwelding Fittings Table 605.5,
Table 702.4,
Table 1102.7
B 16.11—2011 Forged Fittings, Socket-welding and Threaded Table 605.5,
Table 702.4,
Table 1102.7
B 16.12—2009 Cast-iron Threaded Drainage Fittings Table 702.4,
Table 1102.7
B 16.15—2011 Cast Bronze Threaded Fittings Table 605.5,
Table 702.4,
Table 1102.7
B 16.18—2012 Cast Copper Alloy Solder Joint Pressure Fittings Table 605.5,
Table 702.4,
Table 1102.7
B 16.22— Wrought Copper and Copper Alloy Solder Joint Pressure Table 605.5,
2001(R2010) Fittings Table 702.4,
Table 1102.7
B 16.23—2011 Cast Copper Alloy Solder Joint Drainage Fittings DWV Table 702.4,
Table 1102.7
B 16.26—2011 Cast Copper Alloy Fittings for Flared Copper Tubes Table 605.5,
Table 702.4,
Table 1102.7
B 16.28—1994 Wrought Steel Buttwelding Short Radius Elbows and Table 605.5,
Returns Table 702.4,
Table 1102.7
B 16.29—2012 Wrought Copper and Wrought Copper Alloy Solder Table 702.4,
Joint Drainage Fittings (DWV) Table 1102.7
B16.34—2009 Valves Flanged, Threaded and Welding End Table 605.7
B16.51—2011 Copper and Copper Alloy Press-Connect Pressure Fittings Table 605.5

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APPENDIX A PLUMBING PERMIT FEE SCHEDULE

American Society of Plumbing Engineers

8614 Catalpa Avenue, Suite 1007
ASPE Chicago, IL 60656-1116
Standard Referenced
reference in code
number Title section number
45—2013 Siphonic Roof Drainage Systems 1107.1

American Society of Sanitary Engineering

901 Canterbury Road, Suite A
ASSE Westlake, OH 44145
Standard Referenced
reference in code
number Title section number
1001—08 Performance Requirements for Atmospheric Type 425.2, Table
Vacuum Breakers 608.1,
608.13.6,
608.16.4.1
1002—08 Performance Requirements for Antisiphon Fill Valves
(Ballcocks) for 425.3.1,
Gravity Water Closet Flush Tanks Table 608.1
1003—09 Performance Requirements for Water Pressure Reducing
Valves 604.8
1004—08 Performance Requirements for Backflow Prevention
Requirements for
Commercial Dishwashing Machines 409.1
1005—99 Performance Requirements for Water Heater Drain Valves 501.3
1008—06 Performance Requirements for Plumbing Aspects of Food
Waste Disposer Units 413.1
1010—04 Performance Requirements for Water Hammer Arresters 604.9
1011—04 Performance Requirements for Hose Connection Vacuum Table 608.1,
Breakers 608.13.6
1012—09 Performance Requirements for Backflow Preventers with Table 608.1,
Intermediate 608.13.3,
Atmospheric Vent 608.16.2
1013—09 Performance Requirements for Reduced Pressure Principle
Backflow Table 608.1,
Preventers and Reduced Pressure Principle Fire Protection 608.13.2,
Backflow Preventers 608.16.2
1015—09 Performance Requirements for Double Check Backflow
Prevention
Assemblies and Double Check Fire Protection Backflow Table 608.1,
Prevention Assemblies 608.13.7
ASSE 1016/ Performance Requirements for Individual Thermostatic,
ASME Pressure Balancing and
A112.1016/ Combination Control Valves for Individual Fixture
CSA B125.16— Fittings 424.3, 424.4,
2011 607.4
1017—2010 Performance Requirements for Temperature Actuated
Mixing Valves for
Hot Water Distribution Systems 51.2, 613.1
1018—2010 Performance Requirements for Trap Seal Primer Valves;
Potable Water Supplied 1002.4.1.2

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1019—2010 Performance Requirements for Vacuum Breaker Wall Table 608.1,

Hydrants, 608.13.6,
Freeze Resistant, Automatic Draining Type 608.13.10
1020—04 Performance Requirements for Pressure Vacuum Breaker Table 608.1,
Assembly 608.13.5
1022—03 Performance Requirements for Backflow Preventer for Table 608.1,
Beverage 608.16.1,
Dispensing Equipment 608.16.10
1024—04 Performance Requirements for Dual Check Valve Type
Backflow Preventers 605.3.1, Table
(for Residential Supply Service or Individual Outlets) 608.1, 608.13.10
1035—08 Performance Requirements for Laboratory Faucet Table 608.1,
Backflow Preventers 608.13.6
1037—90 Performance Requirements for Pressurized Flushing
Devices for Plumbing Fixtures 425.2
1044—2010 Performance Requirements for Trap Seal Primer Devices
Drainage Types and
Electronic Design Types 1002.4.1.3
1047—2009 Performance Requirements for Reduced Pressure Detector
Fire Protection Table 608.1,
Backflow Prevention Assemblies 608.13.2
1048—2009 Performance Requirements for Double Check Detector
Fire Protection Table 608.1,
Backflow Prevention Assemblies 608.13.7
1049—2009 Performance Requirements for Individual and Branch
Type Air Admittance Valves for
Chemical Waste Systems 901.3, 918.8
1050—2009 Performance Requirements for Stack Air Admittance
Valves for Sanitary Drainage Systems 918.1
1051—2009 Performance Requirements for Individual and Branch
Type Air Admittance Valves for
Sanitary Drainage Systems-fixture and Branch Devices 918.1
1052—04 Performance Requirements for Hose Connection Table 608.1,
Backflow Preventers 608.13.6
1055—2009 Performance Requirements for Chemical Dispensing
Systems 608.13.9
1056—2010 Performance Requirements for Spill Resistant Vacuum Table 608.1,
Breaker 608.13.5,
608.13.8
1060—2006 Performance Requirements for Outdoor Enclosures for
Fluid Conveying Components 608.14.1
1061—2010 Performance Requirements for Removable and
Nonremovable Push Fit Fittings Table 605.5
1062—2006 Performance Requirements for Temperature Actuated,
Flow Reduction Valves to
Individual Supply Fittings 424.7
1066—2009 Performance Requirements for Individual Pressure
Balancing In-line Valves for
Individual Fixture Fittings 604.11
1069—05 Performance Requirements for Automatic Temperature
Control Mixing Valves 424.4
1070—04 Performance Requirements for Water-temperature 408.3, 416.5,
Limiting Devices 623.3, 424.5,
607.1.2

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APPENDIX A PLUMBING PERMIT FEE SCHEDULE

1072—07 Performance Requirements for Barrier Type Floor Drain

Tap Seal Protection Devices 1002.4.14
1079—2005 Performance Requirements for Dielectric Pipe Unions 605.24.1,
605.24.3
5013—2009 Performance Requirements for Testing Reduced Pressure
Principle Backflow
Prevention Assembly (RPA) and Reduced Pressure Fire
Protection Backflow Preventers (RFP) 312.10.2
5015—2009 Performance Requirements for Testing Double Check
Valve Backflow Prevention
Assemblies (DC) and Double Check Fire Protection
Backflow Prevention Assemblies (DCF) 312.10.2
5020—2009 Performance Requirements for Testing Pressure Vacuum
Breaker Assemblies (PVBA) 312.10.2
5047—98 Performance Requirements for Testing Reduced Pressure
Detector Fire Protection
Backflow Prevention Assemblies (RPDA) 312.10.2
5048—2009 Performance Requirements for Testing Double Check
Valve Detector Assembly (DCDA) 312.10.2
5052—98 Performance Requirements for Testing Hose Connection
Backflow Preventers 312.10.2
5056—98 Performance Requirements for Testing Spill Resistant
Vacuum Breaker (SRVB) 312.10.2

ASTM International
100 Barr Harbor Drive
ASTM West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959
Standard Referenced
reference in code
number Title section number
A 53/A 53M—12 Specification for Pipe, Steel, Black and Hot-dipped, Zinc- Table 605.3,
coated Table 605.4,
Welded and Seamless Table 702.1
A 74—13A Specification for Cast-iron Soil Pipe and Fittings Table 702.1,
Table 702.2,
Table 702.3,
Table 702.4,
708.2, 708.7,
Table 1102.4,
Table 1102.5,
Table 1102.7
A 312/A 312M— Specification for Seamless, Welded, And Heavily Cold Table 605.3,
13a Worked Austenitic Table 605.4,
Stainless Steel Pipes Table 605.5,
605.23.2
A 733— Specification for Welded and Seamless Carbon Steel and
2003(2009)e1 Austenitic
Stainless Steel Pipe Nipples Table 605.8
A 778— Specification for Welded Unannealed Austenitic Stainless Table 605.3,
01(2009)e1 Steel Table 605.4,
Tubular Products Table 605.5
A 888—13A Specification for Hubless Cast-iron Soil Pipe and Fittings Table 702.1,
for Sanitary Table 702.2,
and Storm Drain, Waste, and Vent Piping Application Table 702.3,

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APPENDIX A PLUMBING PERMIT FEE SCHEDULE

Table 702.4,
708.7,
Table 1102.4,
Table 1102.5,
Table 1102.7
B 32—08 Specification for Solder Metal 605.13.3,
605.14.6,
705.6.3, 705.17.3
B 42—10 Specification for Seamless Copper Pipe, Standard Sizes Table 605.3,
Table 605.4,
Table 702.1
B 43—09 Specification for Seamless Red Brass Pipe, Standard Sizes Table 605.3,
Table 605.4,
Table 702.1
B 75—11 Specification for Seamless Copper Tube Table 605.3,
Table 605.4,
Table 702.1,
Table 702.2,
Table 702.3,
Table 1102.4
B 88—09 Specification for Seamless Copper Water Tube Table 605.3,
Table 605.4,
Table 702.1,
Table 702.2,
Table 702.3,
Table 1102.4
B 152/B 152M— Specification for Copper Sheet, Strip Plate and Rolled Bar 402.3, 417.5.2.4,
13 425.3.3, 902.2
B 251—10 Specification for General Requirements for Wrought Table 605.3,
Seamless Copper Table 605.4,
and Copper-alloy Tube Table 702.1,
Table 702.2,
Table 702.3,
Table 1102.4
B 302—12 Specification for Threadless Copper Pipe, Standard Sizes Table 605.3,
Table 605.4,
Table 702.1
B 306—09 Specification for Copper Drainage Tube (DWV) Table 702.1,
Table 702.2,
Table 1102.4
B 447—12a Specification for Welded Copper Tube Table 605.3,
Table 605.4
B 687—99(2011) Specification for Brass, Copper and Chromium-plated
Pipe Nipples Table 605.8
B 813—10 Specification for Liquid and Paste Fluxes for Soldering of 605.13.3,
Copper and 605.14.6,
Copper Alloy Tube 705.6.3, 705.7.3
B 828—02(2010) Practice for Making Capillary Joints by Soldering of 605.13.3,
Copper and 605.14.6,
Copper Alloy Tube and Fittings 705.6.3, 705.17.3
C 4—04(2009) Specification for Clay Drain Tile and Perforated Clay Table 702.3,
Drain Tile Table 1102.4,
Table 1102.5

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APPENDIX A PLUMBING PERMIT FEE SCHEDULE

C 14—11 Specification for Nonreinforced Concrete Sewer, Storm Table 702.3,

Drain and Culvert Pipe Table 1102.4
C 76—13a Specification for Reinforced Concrete Culvert, Storm Table 702.3,
Drain and Sewer Pipe Table 1102.4
C 425—04(2009) Specification for Compression Joints for Vitrified Clay
Pipe and Fittings 705.12, 705.16
C 443—12 Specification for Joints for Concrete Pipe and Manholes,
Using Rubber Gaskets 705.5, 705.16
C 564—12 Specification for Rubber Gaskets for Cast-iron Soil Pipe 705.4.2, 705.4.3,
and Fittings 705.16
C 700—13 Specification for Vitrified Clay Pipe, Extra Strength, Table 702.3,
Standard Strength, and Table 702.4,
Perforated Table 1102.4,
Table 1102.5
C 1053— Specification for Borosilicate Glass Pipe and Fittings for
00(2010) Drain, Waste, and Table 702.1,
Vent (DWV) Applications Table 702.4
C 1173—10e1 Specification for Flexible Transition Couplings for 705.2.1, 705.5,
Underground Piping System 705.11.1, 705.12,
705.13.2, 705.16
C 1277—12 Specification for Shielded Coupling Joining Hubless Cast-
iron Soil Pipe and Fittings 705.4.3
C 1440—08 Specification for Thermoplastic Elastomeric (TPE) Gasket
Materials for Drain,
Waste, and Vent (DWV), Sewer, Sanitary and Storm
Plumbing Systems 705.16
C 1460—08 Specification for Shielded Transition Couplings for Use
with Dissimilar DWV
Pipe and Fittings Above Ground 705.16
C 1461—08 Specification for Mechanical Couplings Using
Thermoplastic Elastomeric (TPE)
Gaskets for Joining Drain, Waste and Vent (DWV) Sewer,
Sanitary and Storm Plumbing
Systems for Above and Below Ground Use 705.19
C 1540—11 Specification for Heavy Duty Shielded Couplings Joining
Hubless Cast-iron Soil Pipe and Fittings 705.4.3
C 1563—13 Standard Test Method for Gaskets for Use in Connection
with Hub and Spigot
Cast Iron Soil Pipe and Fittings for Sanitary Drain, Waste,
Vent and Storm Piping Applications 705.4.2
D 1253—08 Standard Test Method For Residual Chlorine in Water 1301.2.1, 1303.9
D 1527— Specification for Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene (ABS)
99(2005) Plastic Pipe, Schedules 40 and 80 Table 605.3
D 1785—12 Specification for Poly (Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Plastic
Pipe, Schedules 40, 80 and 120 Table 605.3
D 2235— Specification for Solvent Cement for Acrylonitrile- 605.10.2,
04(2011) Butadiene-Styrene (ABS) 705.2.2, 705.2.2,
Plastic Pipe and Fittings 705.7.2
D 2239—12a Specification for Polyethylene (PE) Plastic Pipe (SIDR-
PR) Based on
Controlled Inside Diameter Table 605.3
D 2241—09 Specification for Poly (Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Pressure-
rated Pipe (SDR-Series) Table 605.3

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APPENDIX A PLUMBING PERMIT FEE SCHEDULE

D 2282— Specification for Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene (ABS)

99(2005) Plastic Pipe (SDR-PR) Table 605.3
D 2464—06 Specification for Threaded Poly (Vinyl Chloride) (PVC)
Plastic Pipe Fittings,
Schedule 80 Table 605.5
D 2466—06 Specification for Poly (Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Plastic Pipe
Fittings, Schedule 40 Table 605.5
D 2467—06 Specification for Poly (Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Plastic Pipe
Fittings, Schedule 80 Table 605.5
D 2468—96a Specification for Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene (ABS)
Plastic Pipe Fittings,
Schedule 40 Table 605.5
D 2564—12 Specification for Solvent Cements for Poly (Vinyl 605.22.3,
Chloride) (PVC) 705.11.2,
Plastic Piping Systems 705.14.2
D 2609— Specification for Plastic Insert Fittings for Polyethylene
02(2008) (PE) Plastic Pipe Table 605.5
D 2657—07 Practice for Heat Fusion-joining of Polyolefin Pipe and
Fitting Waste, 605.19.2,
and Vent Pipe and Fittings 705.13.1
D 2661—11 Specification for Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene (ABS) Table 702.1,
Schedule 40 Table 702.2,
Plastic Drain, Waste, and Vent Pipe and Fittings Table 702.3,
Table 702.4,
705.2.2, 705.7.2,
Table 1102.4,
Table 1102.7
D 2665—12 Specification for Poly (Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Plastic Table 702.1,
Drain, Waste, Table 702.2,
and Vent Pipe and Fittings Table 702.3,
Table 702.4,
Table 1102.4,
Table 1102.7
D 2672— Specification for Joints for IPS PVC Pipe Using Solvent
96a(2009) Cement Table 605.3
D 2683—10e1 Standard Specification for Socket-type Polyethylene
fittings for Outside Table 605.5,
Diameter-controlled Polyethylene Pipe and Tubing 717.5
D 2729—11 Specification for Poly (Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Sewer Pipe Table 1102.5,
and Fittings Table 1403.2
D 2737—2012a Specification for Polyethylene (PE) Plastic Tubing Table 605.3
D 2751—05 Specification for Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene (ABS) Table 702.3,
Sewer Pipe Table 702.4,
and Fittings Table 1102.4,
Table 1102.7
D 2846/D Specification for Chlorinated Poly (Vinyl Chloride) Table 605.3,
2846M—09be1 (CPVC) Plastic Hot and Table 605.4,
Cold Water Distribution Systems Table 605.5,
605.15.2,
605.16.2
D 2855— Standard Practice for Making Solvent-cemented Joints
96(2010) with 605.22.3,
Poly (Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Pipe and Fittings 705.11.2

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APPENDIX A PLUMBING PERMIT FEE SCHEDULE

D 2949—10 Specification for 3.25-in Outside Diameter Poly (Vinyl Table 702.1,
Chloride) (PVC) Table 702.2,
Plastic Drain, Waste, and Vent Pipe and Fittings Table 702.3,
Table 702.4,
Table 1102.7
D 3034—08 Specification for Type PSM Poly (Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Table 702.3,
Sewer Pipe and Fittings Table 702.4,
Table 1102.4,
Table 1102.5,
Table 1102.7
D 3035—2012e1 Standard Specification for Polyethylene (PE) Plastic Pipe
(DR-PR) Based on
Controlled Outside Diameter Table 605.3
D 3139— Specification for Joints for Plastic Pressure Pipes Using 605.10.1,
98(2011) Flexible Elastomeric Seals 605.22.1
D 3212—07D Specification for Joints for Drain and Sewer Plastic Pipes 705.2.1,
Using 705.11.1,
Flexible Elastomeric Seals 705.13.2
D 3261—12 Specification for Butt Heat Fusion Polyethylene (PE)
Plastic fittings
for Polyethylene (PE) Plastic Pipe and Tubing Table 605.5
D 3311—11 Specification for Drain, Waste and Vent (DWV) Plastic
Fittings Patterns Table 1102.7
D 4068—09 Specification for Chlorinated Polyethlene (CPE) Sheeting
for Concealed
Water-containment Membrane 417.5.2.2
D 4551—12 Specification for Poly (Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Plastic
Flexible Concealed
Water-containment Membrane 417.5.2.1
E 2727—10 Standard Practice for the Assessment of Rainwater Quality 1302.8.1
F 405—05 Specification for Corrugated Polyethylene (PE) Pipe and Table 1102.5,
Fittings Table 1403.2
F 409—12 Specification for Thermoplastic Accessible and
Replaceable Plastic Tube 424.1.2, Table
and Tubular Fittings 1102.7
F 437—09 Specification for Threaded Chlorinated Poly (Vinyl
Chloride) (CPVC) Plastic Pipe Fittings,
Schedule 80 Table 605.5
F 438—09 Specification for Socket-type Chlorinated Poly (Vinyl
Chloride) (CPVC) Plastic Pipe Fittings,
Schedule 40 Table 605.5
F 439—12 Standard Specification for Chlorinated Poly (Vinyl
Chloride) (CPVC) Plastic Pipe Fittings,
Schedule 80 Table 605.5
F 441/F 441M— Specification for Chlorinated Poly (Vinyl Chloride)
13 (CPVC) Plastic Pipe, Table 605.3,
Schedules 40 and 80 Table 605.4
F 442/F 442M— Specification for Chlorinated Poly (Vinyl Chloride)
13 (CPVC) Table 605.3,
Plastic Pipe (SDR-PR) Table 605.4
F 477—10 Specification for Elastomeric Seals (Gaskets) for Joining
Plastic Pipe 605.24,705.16

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F 493—10 Specification for Solvent Cements for Chlorinated Poly

(Vinyl Chloride) (CPVC) 605.15.2,
Plastic Pipe and Fittings 605.16.2
F 628—08 Specification for Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene (ABS) Table 702.1,
Schedule 40 Plastic Table 702.2,
Drain, Waste, and Vent Pipe with a Cellular Core Table 702.3,
Table 702.4,
705.2.2,
Table 1102.4,
Table 1102.7
F 656—10 Specification for Primers for Use in Solvent Cement Joints 605.22.3,
of 705.11.2,
Poly (Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Plastic Pipe and Fittings 705.14.2
F 714—2013 Specification for Polyethylene (PE) Plastic Pipe (SDR-PR) Table 702.3,
Based on Outside Diameter 7017.4
F 876—2013 Specification for Cross-linked Polyethylene (PEX) Tubing Table 605.3,
Table 605.4
F 877—2011a Specification for Cross-linked Polyethylene (PEX) Plastic Table 605.3,
Hot and Table 605.4,
Cold Water Distribution Systems Table 605.5
F 891—10 Specification for Coextruded Poly (Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Table 702.1
Plastic Pipe Table 702.2,
with a Cellular Core Table 702.3,
Table 1102.4,
Table 1102.5,
Table 1102.7
F 1055—13 Standard Specification for Electrofusion Type
Polyethylene Fittings for
Outside Diameter Controlled Polyethylene and
Crosslinked Polyethylene Pipe and Tubing Table 605.5
F 1281—11 Specification for Cross-linked Polyethylene/Aluminum/ Table 605.3,
Cross-linked Polyethylene Table 605.4,
(PEX-AL-PEX) Pressure Pipe Table 605.5,
605.21.1
F 1282—10 Specification for Polyethylene/Aluminum/Polyethylene Table 605.3,
(PE-AL-PE) Table 605.4,
Composite Pressure Pipe Table 605.5,
605.21.1
F 1412—09 Specification for Polyolefin Pipe and Fittings for Table 702.1,
Corrosive Waste Drainage Table 702.2,
Table 702.4,
705.14.1, 901.3
F 1476—07 Standard Specification for Performance of Gasketed Table 605.5,
Mechanical Couplings for 605.14.3,
Use in Piping Applications 605.18.3,
605.22.2,
605.23.3
F 1488—09e1 Specification for Coextruded Composite Pipe Table 702.1,
Table 702.2,
Table 702.3,
Table 1403.2
F 1548— Standard Specification for the Performance of Fittings for
01(2006) Use with Table 605.5

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Gasketed Mechanical Couplings Used in Piping

Applications
F 1673—10 Polyvinylidene Fluoride (PVDF) Corrosive Waste Table 702.1,
Drainage Systems Table 702.2,
Table 702.3,
Table 702.4,
705.15.1
F 1807—13 Specification for Metal Insert Fittings Utilizing a Copper
Crimp Ring for
SDR9 Cross-linked Polyethylene (PEX) Tubing and
SDR9 Polyethylene of
Raised Temperature (PE-RT) Tubing Table 605.5
F 1866—07 Specification for Poly (Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Plastic
Schedule 40 Drainage and Table 702.4,
DWV Fabricated Fittings Table 1102.7
F 1960—12 Specification for Cold Expansion Fittings with PEX
Reinforcing Rings for use with
Cross-linked Polyethylene (PEX) Tubing Table 605.5
F 1970—12 Special Engineered Fittings, Appurtenances or Valves for
use in Poly (Vinyl Chloride) (PVC)
OR Chlorinated Poly (Vinyl Chloride) (CPVC) Systems Table 605.7
F 1974—09 Specification for Metal Insert Fittings for
Polyethylene/Aluminum/Polyethylene and
Cross-linked Polyethylene/Aluminum/Cross-linked
Polyethylene Composite Table 605.5,
Pressure Pipe 605.21.1
F 1986— Specification for Multilayer Pipe, Type 2, Compression
01(2011) Fittings and Table 605.3,
Compression Joints for Hot and Cold Drinking Water Table 605.4,
Systems Table 605.5
F 2080—12 Specifications for Cold-expansion Fittings with Metal
Compression-sleeves for
Cross-linked Polyethylene (PEX) Pipe Table 605.5
F 2098—08 Standard specification for Stainless Steel Clamps for
Securing SDR9 Cross-linked
Polyethylene (PEX) Tubing to Metal and Plastic Insert
Fittings Table 605.5
F 2159—11 Specification for Plastic Insert Fittings Utilizing a Copper
Crimp Ring for SDR9 Cross-linked
Polyethylene (PEX) Tubing and SDR9 Polyethylene of
Raised Temperature (PE-RT) Tubing Table 605.5
F 2262—09 Specification for Cross-linked Polyethylene/Aluminum/ Table 605.3,
Cross-linked Polyethylene Tubing OD Controlled SDR9 Table 605.4
F 2306/F 12'' to 60'' Annular Corrugated Profile-wall Polyethylene
2306M—13 (PE) Pipe and Fittings for
Gravity Flow Storm Sewer and Subsurface Drainage Table 1102.4,
Applications Table 1102.7
F 2389—10 Specification for Pressure-rated Polypropylene (PP) Table 605.3,
Piping Systems Table 605.4,
Table 605.5,
Table 605.7,
605.20.1
F 2434—09 Standard Specification for Plastic Insert Fittings Utilizing
a Table 605.5

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APPENDIX A PLUMBING PERMIT FEE SCHEDULE

Copper Crimp Ring for SDR9 Cross-linked Polyethylene

(PEX) Tubing and SDR9
Cross-linked Polyethylene/Aluminum/ Cross-linked
Polyethylene (PEX AL-PEX) Tubing
F 2735—09 Standard Specification for Plastic Insert Fittings for SDR9
Cross-linked Polyethylene (PEX)
and Polyethylene of Raised Temperature (PE-RT) Tubing Table 605.5
F 2769—10 Polyethylene or Raised Temperature (PE-RT) Plastic Hot Table 605.3,
and Table 605.4,
Cold Water Tubing and Distribution Systems Table 605.5
F 2831—11 Standard Practice for Internal Non Structural Epoxy
Barrier Coating Material Used
In Rehabilitation of Metallic Pressurized Piping Systems 601.5
F 2855—11 Specification Poly (Vinyl Chloride)/Aluminum/Poly
(Vinyl Chloride) (CPVC/AL/CPVC) Table 605.3,
Composite Pressure Tubing Table 605.4

American Welding Society

8669 NW 36 Street, #130
AWS Doral, FL 33166
Standard Referenced
reference in code
number Title section number
A5.8M/A5.8— Specifications for Filler Metals for Brazing and Braze 605.11.1,
2011 Welding 605.13.1,
605.14.1,
705.3.1, 705.6.1,
705.7.1

American Water Works Association

6666 West Quincy Avenue
AWWA Denver, CO 80235
Standard Referenced
reference in code
number Title section number
C104/A21.4-08 Cement-mortar Lining for Ductile-iron Pipe and Fittings
for Water 605.3, 605.5
C110/A21.10— Ductile-iron and Gray-iron Fittings Table 605.5,
12 Table 702.4,
Table 1102.7
C111/A21.11-12 Rubber-gasket Joints for Ductile-iron Pressure Pipe and
Fittings 605.12
C115/A21.15— Flanged Ductile-iron Pipe with Ductile-iron or Gray-iron Table 605.3,
11 Threaded Flanges Table 605.4
C151/A21.51— Ductile0iron Pipe, Centrifugally Cast for Water Table 605.3,
09 Table 605.4
C153— Ductile-iron Compact Fittings for Water Service
00/A21.53—11 Table 605.5
C500—09 Standard for Metal-Seated Gate Valves for Water Supply
Service Table 605.7
C504—10 Standard for Rubber-Seated Butterfly Valves Table 605.7
C507—11 Standard for Ball Valves, 6 In. Through 60 In Table 608.1,
608.13.7

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C510—07 Double Check Valve Backflow Prevention Assembly Table 608.1,

608.13.7
C511—07 Reduced-pressure Principle Backflow Prevention Table 608.1,
Assembly 608.13.2,
608.16.2
C651—05 Disinfecting Water Mains 610.1
C652—11 Disinfection of Water-storage Facilities 610.1
C901—08 Polyethylene (PE) Pressure Pipe and Tubing 1/2 inch (13
mm)
Through (75 mm) for Water Service Table 605.3
C904—08 Cross-linked Polyethylene (PEX) Pressure Pipe 1/2 inch
(13 mm)
Through 75 mm) for Water Service Table 605.3
D100—05 Standard for Welded Carbon Steel Tanks for Water
Storage 1302.7.2
D115—06 Standard for Tendon Prestressed-Concrete Water Tanks 1302.7.2
D120—09 Standard for Thermosetting Fiberglass-Reinforced Plastic
Tanks 1302.7.2

Cast Iron Soil Pipe Institute

5959 Shallowford Road, Suite 419
CISPI Chattanooga, TN 37421
Standard Referenced
reference in code
number Title section number
301—04a Specification for Hubless Cast-iron Soil Pipe and Fittings Table 702.1,
for Sanitary Table 702.2,
and Storm Drain, Waste and Vent Piping Applications Table 702.3,
Table 702.4,
708.7, Table
1102.4,
Table 1102.5,
Table 1102.7
310—04 Specification for Coupling for Use in Connection with
Hubless Casts-iron
Soil Pipe and Fittings for Sanitary and Storm Drain, Waste
and Vent Piping Applications 705.4.3

CSA Group
8501 East Pleasant Valley
CSA Cleveland, OH 44131-5516
Standard Referenced
reference in code
number Title section number
A257.1M—2009 Circular Concrete Culvert, Storm Drain, Sewer Pipe and Table 702.3,
Fittings Table 1102.4
A257.2M—2009 Reinforced Circular Concrete Culvert, Storm Drain, Sewer Table 702.3,
Pipe and Fittings Table 1102.4
A257.3M—2009 Joints for Circular Concrete Sewer and Culvert Pipe,
Manhole Sections and
Fittings Using Rubber Gaskets 705.5, 705.16
ASME Plumbing Supply Fittings 424.1, 424.2,
A112.18.1— 424.3, 424.4,
2012/ 424.6, 424.8,

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CSA B125.1— 605.7, 607.4,

2012 608.2
ASME Plumbing Waste Fittings
A112.18.2—
2011/
CSA B125.2—
2011 424.1.2
ASME Ceramic Plumbing Fixtures 401.2, 405.9,
A112.19.2— 407.1, 408.1,
2013/ 410.1, 415.1,
B45.1—2013 416.1, 417.1,
418.1, 419.1,
420.1
ASME Enameled Cast-iron and Enameled Steel Plumbing
A112.19.1— Fixtures
2013/ 407.1, 410.1,
CSA B45.2— 415.1, 416.1,
2013 418.1
ASME Stainless-steel Plumbing Fixtures
A112.19.3—
2008/ 405.9, 407.1,
CSA B45.4— 415.1, 416.1,
08(R2013) 418.1, 420.1
ASME Flush Valves and Spuds for Water Closets, Urinals and
A112.19.5— Tanks
2011/
CSA B45.15—
2011 425.4
ASME Hydromassage Bathtub Systems
A112.19.7—
2012/
CSA B45.10—
2012 421.1, 421.4
CSA B45.5—11/ Plastic Plumbing Fixtures 407.1, 415.1,
IAPMO Z124- 416.1, 416.2,
2011 417.1, 419.1,
420.1
ASME Macerating Systems and Related Components
A112.3.4—2013/
CSA B45.9—
2013 712.4.1
ASSE 1016/ Performance Requirements for Individual Thermostatic,
ASME Pressure Balancing and
A112.1016/ Combination Control Valves for Individual Fixture
CSA B125.16— Fittings 424.3, 424.4,
2011 607.4
B64.1.1—11 Vacuum Breakers, Atmospheric Type (AVB) 425.2, Table
608.1, 608.13.6,
608.16.4.1
B64.1.2—11 Pressure Vacuum Breakers, (PVB) Table 608.1,
608.13.5
B64.1.3—11 Spill Resistant Pressure Vacuum Breaks (SRPVB) 608.13.8
B64.2—11 Vacuum Breakers, Hose Connection Type (HCVB) Table 608.1,
608.13.6

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APPENDIX A PLUMBING PERMIT FEE SCHEDULE

B64.2.1—11 Vacuum Breakers, Hose Connection (HCVB) with Table 608.1,

Manual Draining Feature 608.13.6
B64.2.1.1—11 Hose Connection Dual Check Vacuum Breakers, Table 608.1,
(HCDVB) 608.13.6
B64.2.2—11 Vacuum Breakers, Hose Connection Type (HCVB) with Table 608.1,
Automatic Draining Feature 608.13.6
B64.3—11 Backflow Preventers, Dual Check Valve Type with Table 608.1,
Atmospheric Port (DCAP) 608.13.3,
608.16.2
B64.4—11 Backflow Preventers, Reduced Pressure Principle Type Table 608.1,
(RP) 608.13.2,
608.16.2
B64.4.1—11 Reduced Pressure Principle for Fire Sprinklers (RPF) Table 608.1,
608.13.2
B64.5—11 Double Check Backflow Preventers (DCVA) Table 608.1,
608.13.7
B64.5.1—11 Double Check Valve Backflow Preventer for Fire Systems Table 608.1
(DCVAF) 608.13.7
B64.6—11 Dual Check Backflow PreventersValve (DuC) 605.3.1, Table
608.1, 608.13.10
B64.7—11 Laboratory Faucet Vacuum Breakers (LFVB) Table 608.1,
608.13.6
B64.10—11 Manual for the Selection and Installation of Backflow
Prevention Devices 312.10.2
B64.10.1—11 Maintenance and Field Testing of Backflow Preventers 312.10.2
B79—08(R2013) Commercial and Residential Drains, and Cleanouts 412.1
B125.3—2012 Plumbing Fittings 408.3, 416.5,
623.3, 424.4,
424.5, 425.2,
425.3.1, Table
605.7, Table
608.1
B137.1—13 Polyethylene (PE) Pipe, Tubing and Fittings for Cold Table 605.3,
Water Pressure Services Table 605.5
B137.2—13 Polyvinylchloride PVC Injection-mouldedGasketed
Fittings for Pressure Applications Table 605.5
B137.3—13 Rigid Poly (Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Pipe for Pressure Table 605.3
Applications Table 605.5,
605.22.3,
705.11.2,
705.14.2
B137.5—13 Cross-linked Polyethylene (PEX) Tubing Systems for Table 605.3,
Pressure Applications Table 605.4,
Table 605.5
B137.6—13 CPVC Pipe, Tubing and Fittings for Hot and Table 605.3,
Cold Water Distribution Systems Table 605.4,
Table 605.5
B137.9—13 Polyethylene/Aluminum/ Table 605.3,
Polyethylene Composite Pressure Pipe Systems Table 605.5,
605.21.1
B137.10—13 Cross-linked Polyethylene/Aluminum/ Table 605.3,
Polyethylene Composite Pressure Pipe Systems Table 605.4,
Table 605.5,
605.21.1

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B137.11—13 Polypropylene (PP-R) Pipe and Fittings for Pressure Table 605.3,
Applications Table 605.4,
Table 605.5
B181.1—11 Acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene ABS Drain, Table 702.1,
Waste and Vent Pipe and Pipe Fittings Table 702.2,
Table 702.3,
Table 702.4,
705.2.2, 7015.2,
Table 1102.4,
Table 1102.7
B 181.2—11 Polyvinylchloride PVC and chlorinated polyvinylchloride Table 702.1
(CPVC) Table 702.2,
Drain, Waste, and Vent Pipe and Pipe Fittings 705.11.2,
705.14.2, 715.2
B 181.3—11 Polyolefin and Polyvinylidene Fluoride (PVDF) Table 702.1,
Laboratory Drainage Systems Table 702.2,
Table 702.3,
Table 702.4,
705.14.1
B182.1—11 Plastic Drain and Sewer Pipe and Pipe Fittings 705.11.2,
705.14.2, Table
1102.4, Table
1102.5
B182.2—11 PSM Type Polyvinylchloride PVC Sewer Pipe and Table 702.3,
Fittings Table 1102.4,
Table 1102.5
B182.4—11 Profile Polyvinylchloride PVC Sewer Pipe and Fittings Table 702.3,
Table 1102.4,
Table 1102.5
B182.6—11 Profile Polyethylene (PE) Sewer Pipe and Fittings for
Leak-proof Sewer Applications Table 1102.5
B182.8—11 Profile Polyethylene (PE) Storm Sewer and Drainage Pipe
and Fittings Table 1102.5
B356—10 Water Pressure Reducing Valves for Domestic Water
Systems 604.8
B483.1—14 Drinking Water Treatment Units 611.1, 611.2
B481.1—12 Testing and Rating of Grease interceptors Using Lard 1003.3.4
B481.3—12 Sizing, Selection, Location and Installation of Grease
Interceptors 1003.3.4
B602—10 Mechanical Couplings for Drain, Waste and Vent Pipe and 705.2.1, 705.4.3,
Sewer Pipe 705.5, 705.11.1,
705.12, 705.13.2,
705.16

IAPMO Group
4755 E. Philadelphia
IAPMO Ontario, CA 91761
Standard Referenced
reference in code
number Title section number
Z1001-2007 Prefabricated Gravity Grease Interceptors 1003.3.6
CSA B45.5—11/ Plastic Plumbing Fixtures 407.1, 415.1,
IAPMO Z124- 416.1, 416.2,
2011 417.1, 419.1,

SBC 701-CR-18 170

APPENDIX A PLUMBING PERMIT FEE SCHEDULE

420.1

International Code Council, Inc.

500 New Jersey Ave, NW
6th Floor
ICC Washington, DC 20001
Standard Referenced
reference in code
number Title section number
A117.1—2009 Accessible and Usable Buildings and Facilities 404.2
SBC 201 Saudi Building Code 201.3, 307.1,
307.2, 307.3,
308.2, 309.1,
309.2, 310.1,
310.3, 315.1,
403.1, Table
403.1, 403.4,
404.1, 407.3,
417.6,
502.4, 606.5.2,
1106.5, 1301.9.4,
1307.7.2, 1303.6,
1402.1
SBC 601 Saudi Energy Conservation Code 313.1, 607.5
SBC 801 Saudi Fire Code 201.3, 1201.1
SBC 1201 Saudi Fuel Gas Code 101.2, 201.3,
502.1, 502.1.1
SBC 501 Saudi Mechanical Cod 201.3, 307.7,
310.1, 422.9,
502.1, 502.1.1,
612.1, 1202.1
SBC 702 Saudi Private Sewage Disposal Code 701.2
SBC 1101 ®
Saudi Residential Code 101.2

International Safety Equipment Association

1901 N. Moore Street, Suite 808
ISEA Arlington, VA 22209
Standard Referenced
reference Title in code
number section number
ANSI/ISEA Emergency Eyewash and Shower Equipment
Z358.1—2009 411.1

Manufacturers Standardization Society Of the Valve and

Fittings Industry, Inc.
127 Park St. NE
MSS Vienna, VA 22180-4602
Standard Referenced
reference in code
number Title section number
SP-67—2011 Butterfly Valves Table 605.7
SP-70—2011 Gray Iron Gate Valves, Flanged and Threaded Ends Table 605.7

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APPENDIX A PLUMBING PERMIT FEE SCHEDULE

SP-71—2011 Gray Iron Swing Check Valves, Flanged and Threaded

Ends Table 605.7
SP-72—2010 Ball Valves with Flanged or Butt-Welding Ends for
General Service Table 605.7
SP-78—2011 Cast Iron Plug Valves, Flanged and Threaded Ends Table 605.7
SP-80—2008 Bronze Gate, Globe, Angle and Check Valves Table 605.7
SP-110—2010 Ball Valves, Threaded, Socket Welded, Solder Joint,
Grooved and Flared Ends Table 605.7

National Fire Protection Association

1 Batterymarch Park
NFPA Quincy, MA 02169-7471
Standard Referenced
reference in code
number Title section number
51—13 Design and Installation of Oxygen-fuel Gas Systems for
Welding, Cutting and Allied Processes 1203.1
55—13 Compressed Gases and Cryogenic Fluids Code 1203.1
70—14 National Electric Code 502.1, 504.3,
11013.1.3
99—15 Health Care Facilities Code 1202.1

NSF International
789 Dixboro Road
NSF Ann Arbor, MI 48105
Standard Referenced
reference in code
number Title section number
3—2010 Commercial Warewashing Equipment 409.1
14—2011 Plastic Piping System Components and Related Materials 303.3, 611.3
18—2012 Manual Food and Beverage Dispensing Equipment 426.1
42—2011 Drinking Water Treatment Units-Aesthetic Effects 611.1, 611.3
44—2012 Residential Cation Exchange Water Softeners 611.1, 611.3
50—2012 Equipment for Swimming Pools, Spas, Hot Tubs and other
Recreational Facilities 1302.8.1
53—2011a Drinking Water Treatment Units—Health Effects 611.1, 611.3
58—2012 Reverse Osmosis Drinking Water Treatment Systems 611.2, 611.3
61—2012 Drinking Water System Components—Health Effects 410.1, 424.1,
605.3, 605.4,
605.5, 605.7,
611.3
62—2012 Drinking Water Distillation Systems 611.1
350—2011 Onsite Residential and Commercial Water Reuse
Treatment Systems 1302.6.1
359—2011 Valves for Crosslinked Polyethylene (PEX) Water
Distribution Tubing Systems Table 605.7
372—2010 Drinking Water Systems Components—Lead Content 605.2.1

Plumbing and Drainage Institute

800 Turnpike Street, Suite 300
PDI North Andover, MA 01845

SBC 701-CR-18 172

APPENDIX A PLUMBING PERMIT FEE SCHEDULE

Standard Referenced
reference in code
number Title section number
PDI G101 (2012) Testing and Rating Procedure for Grease Interceptors with
Appendix of Sizing and Installation Data 1003.3.4
PDI G102 (2009) Testing and Certification for Grease Interceptors with Fog
Sensing and Alarm Devices 1003.3.4

UL LLC
333 Pfingsten Road
UL Northbrook, IL 60062-2096
Standard Referenced
reference in code
number Title section number
58—1996 Steel Underground Tanks for Flammable and Combustible
Liquids—
with revisions through July 27, 1998 1302.7.2
142—2006 Steel Aboveground Tanks for Flammable and
Combustible Liquids—
with revisions through February 12, 2010 1302.7.2
399—2008 Drinking-Water Coolers—with revisions through January
14, 2011 410.1
430—2009 Waste Disposers—with revisions through March 23, 2011 413.1
508—99 Industrial Control Equipment—with revisions through
March 2013 314.2.3
515—2011 Electrical Resistance Heat Tracing for Commercial and
Industrial Applications including—with revisions through
November 30, 2011 607.2.1.3.2
1316—1994 Glass0Fiber Reinforced Plastic Underground Storage
Tanks for
Petroleum Products, Alcohols and Alcohol Gasoline
Mixtures—
with revisions through May 12, 2006 1302.7.2
1746—2007 External Corrosion Protection Systems for Steel
Underground Storage Tanks 1302.7.2
1795—2009 Hydromassage Bathtubs including revisions through
August 23, 2011 4021.1

SBC 701-CR-18 173

 APPENDIX A PLUMBING PERMIT FEE SCHEDULE

APPENDIX A. PLUMBING PERMIT FEE SCHEDULE

The provisions contained in this appendix are not mandatory unless specifically referenced
in the adopting ordinance.

Permit Issuance
1. For issuing each permit
2. For issuing each supplemental permit

Unit Fee Schedule

1. For each plumbing fixture or trap or set of fixtures on one trap (including
water, drainage piping
and backflow protection thereof)
2. For each building sewer and each trailer park sewer
3. Rainwater systems—per drain (inside building)
4. For each cesspool (where permitted)
5. For each private sewage disposal system
6. For each water heater and/or vent
7. For each industrial waste pretreatment interceptor including its trap and
vent, excepting
kitchen-type grease interceptors functioning as fixture traps
8. For installation, alteration or repair of water-piping and/orwater-treating
equipment, each
9. For repair or alteration of drainage or vent piping, each fixture
10. For each lawn sprinkler system on any one meter including backflow
protection devices therefor
11. For atmospheric-type vacuum breakers not included in Item 2
1 to 5
over 5, each
12. For each backflow protective device other than atmospheric-type vacuum
breakers:
(50 mm) and smaller
Over (50 mm)

Other Inspections and Fees

1. Inspections outside of normal business hours (minimum charge 2 hours) per hour
2. Reinspection fee assessed under provisions of Section 107.4.3 each
3. Inspections for which no fee is specifically indicated (minimum charge
one-half hour) per hour
4. Additional plan review required by changes, additions or revisions to
approved
plans (minimum charge one-half hour) per hour

SBC 701-CR-18 174

 APPENDIX B RATES OF RAINFALL FOR VARIOUS CITIES

APPENDIX B. Rates of Rainfall for Various Cities

Rainfall rates, in mm per hour, are based on a in the appendix are derived from Figure 1106.1
storm of 1-hour duration and a 100-year return
period. The rainfall rates shown

SBC 701-CR-18 175

 APPENDIX C STRUCTURAL SAFETY

APPENDIX C. STRUCTURAL SAFETY

C101.4 C101.4 Cutting, notching and boring

SECTION C101 CUTTING, holes in structural steel framing.
NOTCHING AND BORING IN
WOOD MEMBERS The cutting, notching and boring of holes in
structural steel framing members shall be as
C101.1 Joist notching. prescribed by the registered design
Notches on the ends of joists shall not exceed professional.
one-fourth the joist depth. Holes bored in joists C101.5 C101.5 Cutting, notching and boring
shall not be within 50 mm of the top or bottom holes in cold-formed steel framing.
of the joist, and the diameter of any such hole
shall not exceed one-third the depth of the joist. Flanges and lips of load-bearing cold-formed
Notches in the top or bottom of joists shall not steel framing members shall not be cut or
exceed one-sixth the depth and shall not be notched. Holes in webs of load-bearing cold-
located in the middle third of the span. formed steel framing members shall be
permitted along the centerline of the web of the
C101.2 C101.2 Stud cutting and notching. framing member and shall not exceed the
In exterior walls and bearing partitions, any dimensional limitations, penetration spacing or
wood stud is permitted to be cut or notched to a minimum hole edge distance as prescribed by
depth not exceeding 25 percent of its width. the registered design professional. Cutting,
Cutting or notching of studs to a depth not notching and boring holes of steel floor/roof
greater than 40 percent of the width of the stud decking shall be as prescribed by the registered
is permitted in nonbearing partitions supporting design professional.
no loads other than the weight of the partition. C101.6 C101.6 Cutting, notching and boring
C101.3 C101.3 Bored holes. holes in nonstructural cold-formed steel
wall framing.
The diameter of bored holes in wood studs shall
not exceed 40 percent of the stud depth. The Flanges and lips of nonstructural cold-formed
diameter of bored holes in wood studs shall not steel wall studs shall not be cut or notched.
exceed 60 percent of the stud depth in Holes in webs of nonstructural cold-formed
nonbearing partitions. The diameter of bored steel wall studs shall be permitted along the
holes in wood studs shall not exceed 60 percent centerline of the web of the framing member,
of the stud depth in any wall where each stud is shall not exceed 40 mm in width or 100 mm in
doubled, provided that not more than two such length, and the holes shall not be spaced less
successive doubled studs are so bored. The than 600 mm center to center from another hole
edge of the bored hole shall not be closer than or less than 250 mm from the bearing end
16 mm to the edge of the stud. Bored holes shall
be not located at the same section of stud as a
cut or notch.

SBC 701-CR-18 176

APPENDIX D DEGREE DAY AND DESIGN TEMPERATURES

APPENDIX D. Degree Day and Design Temperatures

This appendix is informative and is not part of the code.

SBC 701-CR-18 177

 APPENDIX E SIZING OF WATER PIPING SYSTEM

APPENDIX E. Sizing of Water Piping System

The provisions contained in this appendix are not mandatory unless specifically referenced in the
adopting ordinance.
SECTION E101 GENERAL SECTION E103
E101.1 Scope. SELECTION OF PIPE SIZE
E101.1.1 This appendix outlines two E103.1 General. Decide from Table 604.3
procedures for sizing a water piping system what is the desirable minimum residual
(see Sections E103.3 and E201.1). The pressure that should be maintained at the
design procedures are based on the highest fixture in the supply system. If the
minimum static pressure available from the highest group of fixtures contains
supply source, the head changes in the flushometer valves, the pressure for the
system caused by friction and elevation, group should be not less than 103 kPa
and the rates of flow necessary for flowing. For flush tank supplies, the
operation of various fixtures. available pressure should be not less than
55 kPa flowing, except blowout action
E101.1.2 Because of the variable fixtures must be not less than 172 kPa
conditions encountered in hydraulic design, flowing.
it is impractical to specify definite and
detailed rules for sizing of the water piping E103.2 Pipe sizing.
system. Accordingly, other sizing or design E103.2.1 Pipe sizes can be selected
methods conforming to good engineering according to the following procedure or by
practice standards are acceptable other design methods conforming to
alternatives to those presented herein. acceptable engineering practice and
approved by the administrative authority.
SECTION E102 INFORMATION
The sizes selected must not be less than the
REQUIRED minimum required by this code.
E102.1 Preliminary. Obtain the necessary
E103.2.2 Water pipe sizing procedures
information regarding the minimum daily are based on a system of pressure
static service pressure in the area where the requirements and losses, the sum of which
building is to be located. If the building must not exceed the minimum pressure
supply is to be metered, obtain information available at the supply source. These
regarding friction loss relative to the rate of
pressures are as follows:
flow for meters in the range of sizes likely
to be used. Friction loss data can be 1. Pressure required at fixture to produce
obtained from most manufacturers of water required flow. See Sections 604.3 and
meters. 604.5.
E102.1.1 Demand load. E102.2.1 2. Static pressure loss or gain (due to head)
Estimate the supply demand of the building is computed at 9.8 kPa/meter of elevation
main and the principal branches and risers change.
of the system by totaling the corresponding Example: Assume that the highest fixture
demand from the applicable part of Table supply outlet is 6 m above or below the supply
E103.3(3). source. This produces a static pressure
E102.1.2 Estimate continuous supply differential of 6 m by 9.8 kPa/meter and an
demands in liters per minute (L/min) for 58.8 kPa loss.
lawn sprinklers, air conditioners, etc., and 1. Loss through water meter. The friction or
add the sum to the total demand for fixtures. pressure loss can be obtained from meter
The result is the estimated supply demand manufacturers.
for the building supply.

SBC 701-CR-18 178

 APPENDIX E SIZING OF WATER PIPING SYSTEM

2. Loss through taps in water main. yet complete. The following steps are necessary
for the segmented loss method.
3. Losses through special devices such as
filters, softeners, backflow prevention 1. Preliminary. Obtain the necessary
devices and pressure regulators. These information regarding the minimum
values must be obtained from the daily static service pressure in the area
manufacturers. where the building is to be located. If the
building supply is to be metered, obtain
4. Loss through valves and fittings. Losses
information regarding friction loss
for these items are calculated by
relative to the rate of flow for meters in
converting to equivalent length of piping
the range of sizes to be used. Friction loss
and adding to the total pipe length.
data can be obtained from manufacturers
5. Loss due to pipe friction can be calculated of water meters. It is essential that
when the pipe size, the pipe length and enough pressure be available to
the flow through the pipe are known. overcome all system losses caused by
With these three items, the friction loss friction and elevation so that plumbing
can be determined. For piping flow fixtures operate properly. Section 604.6
charts not included, use manufacturers’ requires the water distribution system to
tables and velocity recommendations. be designed for the minimum pressure
E103.3 Segmented loss method. The size of available taking into consideration
water service mains, branch mains and pressure fluctuations. The lowest
risers by the segmented loss method, must pressure must be selected to guarantee a
be determined according to water supply continuous, adequate supply of water.
demand [L/min], available water pressure The lowest pressure in the public main
[kPa] and friction loss caused by the water usually occurs in the summer because of
meter and developed length of pipe [m], lawn sprinkling and supplying water for
including equivalent length of fittings. This air-conditioning cooling towers. Future
design procedure is based on the following demands placed on the public main as a
parameters: result of large growth or expansion
should also be considered. The available
• Calculates the friction loss through pressure will decrease as additional loads
each length of the pipe. are placed on the public system.
• Based on a system of pressure losses, 2. Demand load. Estimate the supply
the sum of which must not exceed the demand of the building main and the
minimum pressure available at the principal branches and risers of the
street main or other source of supply. system by totaling the corresponding
• Pipe sizing based on estimated peak demand from the applicable part of Table
demand, total pressure losses caused E103.3(3). When estimating peak
by difference in elevation, equipment, demand sizing methods typically use
developed length and pressure water supply fixture units (w.s.f.u.) [see
required at most remote fixture, loss Table E103.3(2)]. This numerical factor
through taps in water main, losses measures the load-producing effect of a
through fittings, filters, backflow single plumbing fixture of a given kind.
prevention devices, valves and pipe The use of such fixture units can be
friction. applied to a single basic probability
Because of the variable conditions encountered curve (or table), found in the various
in hydraulic design, it is impractical to specify sizing methods [Table E103.3(3)]. The
definite and detailed rules for sizing of the fixture units are then converted into
water piping system. Current sizing methods do L/min flow rate for estimating demand.
not address the differences in the probability of 2.1. Estimate continuous supply demand in
use and flow characteristics of fixtures between L/min for lawn sprinklers, air conditioners,
types of occupancies. Creating an exact model etc., and add the sum to the total demand for
of predicting the demand for a building is fixtures. The result is the estimated supply
impossible and final studies assessing the demand for the building supply. Fixture
impact of water conservation on demand are not

SBC 701-CR-18 179

APPENDIX E SIZING OF WATER PIPING SYSTEM

units cannot be applied to constant use in elevation or where branches lead to

fixtures such as hose bibbs, lawn sprinklers fixture groups. The peak demand
and air conditioners. These types of fixtures must be determined in each part of the
must be assigned the L/min value. hot and cold water supply system
which includes the corresponding
14 Selection of pipe size. This water pipe
water supply fixture unit and
sizing procedure is based on a system
conversion to L/min flow rate to be
of pressure requirements and losses,
expected through each section. Sizing
the sum of which must not exceed the
methods require the determination of
minimum pressure available at the
the “most hydraulically remote”
supply source. These pressures are as
fixture to compute the pressure loss
follows:
caused by pipe and fittings. The
2.2. Pressure required at the fixture to hydraulically remote fixture
produce required flow. See Section represents the most downstream
604.3 and Section 604.5. fixture along the circuit of piping
2.3. Static pressure loss or gain requiring the most available pressure
(because of head) is computed at 9.8 to operate properly. Consideration
kPa/meter of elevation change. must be given to all pressure demands
and losses, such as friction caused by
2.4. Loss through a water meter. The pipe, fittings and equipment,
friction or pressure loss can be elevation and the residual pressure
obtained from the manufacturer. required by Table 604.3. The two
2.5. Loss through taps in water main most common and frequent
[see Table E103.3(4)]. complaints about the water supply
system operation are lack of adequate
2.6. Losses through special devices pressure and noise.
such as filters, softeners, backflow
prevention devices and pressure Problem: What size Type L copper water pipe,
regulators. These values must be service and distribution will be required to
obtained from the manufacturers. serve a two-story factory building having on
each floor, back-to-back, two toilet rooms each
2.7. Loss through valves and fittings equipped with hot and cold water? The highest
[see Tables E103.3(5) and fixture is 6400 mm above the street main, which
E103.3(6)]. Losses for these items are is tapped with a 50 mm corporation cock at
calculated by converting to which point the minimum pressure is 380 kPa.
equivalent length of piping and In the building basement, 50 mm meter with a
adding to the total pipe length. maximum pressure drop of 75 kPa and 80 mm
2.8. Loss caused by pipe friction can reduced pressure principle backflow preventer
be calculated when the pipe size, the with a maximum pressure drop of 62 kPa are to
pipe length and the flow through the be installed. The system is shown by Figure
pipe are known. With these three E103.3(1). To be determined are the pipe sizes
items, the friction loss can be for the service main and the cold and hot water
determined as demonstrated in the distribution pipes.
solution of the next problem. For Solution: A tabular arrangement such as shown
piping flow charts not included, use in Table E103.3(1) should first be constructed.
manufacturers’ tables and velocity The steps to be followed are indicated by the
recommendations. Before attempting tabular arrangement itself as they are in
to size any water supply system, it is sequence, columns 1 through 10 and lines A
necessary to gather preliminary through L.
information which includes available
Step 1
pressure, piping material, select
design velocity, elevation differences Columns 1 and 2: Divide the system into
and developed length to most remote sections breaking at major changes in elevation
fixture. The water supply system is or where branches lead to fixture groups. After
divided into sections at major changes point B [see Figure E103.3(1)], separate

SBC 701-CR-18 180

 APPENDIX E SIZING OF WATER PIPING SYSTEM

consideration will be given to the hot and cold times of day and year. The available pressure
water piping. Enter the sections to be can also be checked from nearby buildings or
considered in the service and cold water piping from fire department hydrant checks.
in Column 1 of the tabular arrangement.
Line B: Determine from Table 604.3 the
Column 1 of Table E103.3(1) provides a line-
highest pressure required for the fixtures on the
by-line recommended tabular arrangement for
system, which is 103.4 kPa, to operate a
use in solving pipe sizing.
flushometer valve. The most remote fixture
The objective in designing the water supply outlet is necessary to compute the pressure loss
system is to ensure an adequate water supply caused by pipe and fittings, and represents the
and pressure to all fixtures and equipment. most downstream fixture along the circuit of
Column 2 provides the kPa to be considered piping requiring the available pressure to
separately from the minimum pressure operate properly as indicated by Table 604.3.
available at the main. Losses to take into
Line C: Determine the pressure loss for the
consideration are the following: the differences
meter size given or assumed. The total water
in elevations between the water supply source
flow from the main through the service as
and the highest water supply outlet, meter
determined in Step 1 will serve to aid in the
pressure losses, the tap in main loss, special
meter selected. There are three common types
fixture devices such as water softeners and
of water meters; the pressure losses are
backflow prevention devices and the pressure
determined by the American Water Works
required at the most remote fixture outlet. The
Association Standards for displacement type,
difference in elevation can result in an increase
compound type and turbine type. The
or decrease in available pressure at the main.
maximum pressure loss of such devices takes
Where the water supply outlet is located above
into consideration the meter size, safe operating
the source, this results in a loss in the available
capacity (L/min) and maximum rates for
pressure and is subtracted from the pressure at
continuous operations (L/min). Typically,
the water source. Where the highest water
equipment imparts greater pressure losses than
supply outlet is located below the water supply
piping.
source, there will be an increase in pressure that
is added to the available pressure of the water Line D: Select from Table E103.3(4) and enter
source. the pressure loss for the tap size given or
assumed. The loss of pressure through taps and
Column 3: According to Table E103.3(3),
tees are based on the total liter-per-minute flow
determine the L/min of flow to be expected in
rate and size of the tap.
each section of the system. These flows range
from 95 – 309 L/min. Load values for fixtures Line E: Determine the difference in elevation
must be determined as water supply fixture between the main and source of supply and the
units and then converted to a liter-per-minute highest fixture on the system. Multiply this
(L/min) rating to determine peak demand. figure, expressed in meter, by 9.8 kPa. Enter the
When calculating peak demands, the water resulting kPa loss on Line E. The difference in
supply fixture units are added and then elevation between the water supply source and
converted to the liter-per-minute rating. For the highest water supply outlet has a significant
continuous flow fixtures such as hose bibbs and impact on the sizing of the water supply system.
lawn sprinkler systems, add the liter-per-minute The difference in elevation usually results in a
demand to the intermittent demand of fixtures. loss in the available pressure because the water
For example, a total of 120 water supply fixture supply outlet is generally located above the
units is converted to a demand of 182 liter per water supply source. The loss is caused by the
minute. Two hose bibbs × 20 L/min demand = pressure required to lift the water to the outlet.
40 L/min. Total L/min rating = 182 L/min + 40 The pressure loss is subtracted from the
L/min = 222 L/min demand. pressure at the water source. Where the highest
water supply outlet is located below the water
Step 2
source, there will be an increase in pressure
Line A: Enter the minimum pressure available which is added to the available pressure of the
at the main source of supply in Column 2. This water source.
is 380 kPa. The local water authorities
generally keep records of pressures at different Lines F, G and H: The pressure losses through

SBC 701-CR-18 181

 APPENDIX E SIZING OF WATER PIPING SYSTEM

filters, backflow prevention devices or other the main to the most remote outlet (at Point E).
special fixtures must be obtained from the Divide the water supply system into sections
manufacturer or estimated and entered on these breaking at major changes in elevation or where
lines. Equipment such as backflow prevention branches lead to fixture groups.
devices, check valves, water softeners,
Step 6
instantaneous or tankless water heaters, filters
and strainers can impart a much greater Column 5: When selecting a trial pipe size, the
pressure loss than the piping. The pressure length from the water service or meter to the
losses can range from 50 to 200 kPa. most remote fixture outlet must be measured to
determine the developed length. However, in
Step 3
systems having a flushometer valve or
Line I: The sum of the pressure requirements temperature controlled shower at the top most
and losses that affect the overall system (Lines floors the developed length would be from the
B through H) is entered on this line. water meter to the most remote flushometer
Summarizing the steps, all of the system losses valve on the system. A rule of thumb is that size
are subtracted from the minimum water will become progressively smaller as the
pressure. The remainder is the pressure system extends farther from the main source of
available for friction, defined as the energy supply. Trial pipe size may be arrived at by the
available to push the water through the pipes to following formula:
each fixture. This force can be used as an
To determine the equivalent length of run to the
average pressure loss, as long as the pressure
most remote outlet, the developed length is
available for friction is not exceeded. Saving a
determined and added to the friction losses for
certain amount for available water supply
fittings and valves. The developed lengths of
pressures as an area incurs growth, or because
the designated pipe sections are as follows:
of aging of the pipe or equipment added to the
system is recommended. A–B 16 m
Step 4 B–C 2.4 m
Line J: Subtract Line I from Line A. This gives C–D 4m
the pressure that remains available from D–E 45 m
overcoming friction losses in the system. This
figure is a guide to the pipe size that is chosen Total developed length = 67.4 m
for each section, incorporating the total friction The equivalent length of the friction loss in
losses to the most remote outlet (measured fittings and valves must be added to the
length is called developed length). developed length (most remote outlet). Where
Exception: When the main is above the highest the size of fittings and valves is not known, the
fixture, the resulting kPa must be considered a added friction loss should be approximated. A
pressure gain (static head gain) and omitted general rule that has been used is to add 50
from the sums of Lines B through H and added percent of the developed length to allow for
to Line J. fittings and valves. For example, the equivalent
length of run equals the developed length of run
The maximum friction head loss that can be (67.4 × 1.5 = 101.1 m). The total equivalent
tolerated in the system during peak demand is length of run for determining a trial pipe size is
the difference between the static pressure at the 101.1 m.
highest and most remote outlet at no-flow
conditions and the minimum flow pressure For trial pipe size, passed on 66.3 kPa (6.77 m)
required at that outlet. If the losses are within pressure available to overcome pipe friction,
the required limits, then every run of pipe will total flow 409 L/min (0.007 m3/s), 101.1 m total
also be within the required friction head loss. equivalent length of run, and C value of 150 for
Static pressure loss in the most remote outlet is copper pipe, and using Hazen-Williams
9.8 kPa per meter = loss in kPa caused by equation, the estimated diameter 65 mm pipe.
elevation differences. Step 7
Step 5 Column 6: Select from Table E103.3(6) the
Column 4: Enter the length of each section from equivalent lengths for the trial pipe size of

SBC 701-CR-18 182

 APPENDIX E SIZING OF WATER PIPING SYSTEM

fittings and valves on each pipe section. Enter Note: Section C-F should be considered in the
the sum for each section in Column 6. (The total pipe friction losses only if greater loss
number of fittings to be used in this example occurs in Section C-F than in pipe section D-E.
must be an estimate.) The equivalent length of Section C-F is not considered in the total
piping is the developed length plus the developed length.
equivalent lengths of pipe corresponding to
Step 11
friction head losses for fittings and valves.
Where the size of fittings and valves is not Line L: Subtract Line J from Line K and enter
known, the added friction head losses must be in Column 9.
approximated. An estimate for this example is Note: 1 m head of water = 9.8 kPa
found in Table E.1.
The result should always be a positive or plus
Step 8 figure. If it is not, repeat the operation using
Column 7: Add the figures from Column 4 and Columns 5, 6, and 8 until a balance or near
Column 6, and enter in Column 7. Express the balance is obtained. If the difference between
sum in meter. Lines J and K is a high positive number, it is an
indication that the pipe sizes are too large and
Step 9
should be reduced, thus saving materials. In
Column 8: Use Hazen-Williams equation to such a case, the operations using Columns 5, 6,
calculate the friction loss, for copper pipe C = and 8 should again be repeated.
150, for the L/min flow in a section (Column 3)
The total friction losses are determined and
and trial pipe size (Column 5) (inside diameter
subtracted from the pressure available to
should be used in calculation). In addition, if
overcome pipe friction for trial pipe size. This
head loss charts is available from pipe
number is critical as it provides a guide to
manufacture it is recommended be used in
whether the pipe size selected is too large and
calculating the head loss. Maximum friction
the process should be repeated to obtain an
head loss is determined on the basis of total
economically designed system.
pressure available for friction head loss and the
longest equivalent length of run. The selection Answer: The final figures entered in Column 5
is based on the liter-per-minute demand, the become the design pipe size for the respective
uniform friction head loss, and the maximum sections. Repeating this operation a second time
design velocity. Where the size indicated by using the same sketch but considering the
hydraulic table indicates a velocity in excess of demand for hot water, it is possible to size the
the selected velocity, a size must be selected hot water distribution piping. This has been
which produces the required velocity. worked up as a part of the overall problem in
the tabular arrangement used for sizing the
Step 10
service and water distribution piping. Note that
Line K: Enter the sum of the values in Column consideration must be given to the pressure
8. The value is the total friction loss in losses from the street main to the water heater
equivalent length for each designated pipe (Section A-B) in determining the hot water
section. pipe sizes.

SBC 701-CR-18 183

APPENDIX E SIZING OF WATER PIPING SYSTEM

TABLE E.1
Pressure Loss
Cold Hot Pressure Loss
Expressed as
Water Water Expressed as
Fittings/Valves Equivalent Fittings/Valves
Pipe Pipe Equivalent of
Length of Tube
Section Section Tube (M)
(m)
80 – 65 mm Gate valves 0.91 A-B 80 – 65 mm Gate valves 0.91
A-B 25 – 65 mm Side branch
25 – 65 mm Side branch tee 3.65 3.65
tee
25 – 50 mm Straight run
25 – 65 mm Straight run tee 0.15 B-C 2.13
B-C tee
25 – 50 mm 90-degree ell 0.15
25 – 40 mm Side branch
C-F 25 – 65 mm Side branch tee 3.65 C-F 2.13
tee
C-D 25 – 65 mm 90-degree ell 2.13 C-D 25 – 40 mm 90-degree ell 1.22
25 – 40 mm Side branch
D-E 25 – 65 mm Side branch tee 3.65 D-E 2.13
tee

SBC 701-CR-18 184

APPENDIX E SIZING OF WATER PIPING SYSTEM

TABLE E103.3(1)
RECOMMENDED TABULAR ARRANGEMENT FOR USE IN SOLVING PIPE SIZING PROBLEMS

Column 1 2 3 3' 4 5 5' 6 7 8 9

cubic Trial Excess
Equivalent Total Friction
meter Length Trial pipe pressure
L/min length of equivalent loss in
Pressure per of pipe size over
Line Description through fittings length equivalent
(kPa) second section size inside friction
section and valves col. 4 and length
through (m) (mm) diameter losses
(m) col. 6 (m) (m)
section (mm) (kPa)
A Minimum pressure available at main 380.0
Highest pressure required at a fixture
B 103.0
(Table 604.3)
C Meter loss 50 mm meter 75.0
D Tap in main loss 50 mm tap(Table E103A) 11.0
Service and
E Static head loss 6.4 m × 9.8 kPa/m 62.7
cold water
F Special fixture loss backflow preventer 62.0
distribution
G piping (a) Special fixture loss—Filter 0.0
H Special fixture loss—Other 0.0
Total overall losses and requirements
I 313.7
(Sum of Lines B through H)
Pressure available to overcome pipe
J 66.3
friction (Line A minus Lines B to H)
Pipe section Pipe ….…. wsfu
(from AB ………. 288 409.0 0.007 16 65 62.7 4.57 20.57 1.47
diagram) BC ………. 264 396.0 0.007 2.4 65 62.7 0.15 2.55 0.17
Cold water CD ………. 132 291.0 0.005 4 65 62.7 2.13 6.13 0.23
Distribution CF (b) ….... 132 291.0 0.005 45 65 62.7 3.65 48.65 1.85
piping DE (b) …… 132 291.0 0.005 45 65 62.7 3.65 48.65 1.85
K Total pipe friction losses (cold) 3.72
L Difference (Line J minus Line K) 29.9
Pipe section A'B' …..…. 288 409 0.007 16 65 62.7 3.65 19.65 1.40
(from B'C' ………. 24 144 0.002 2.4 50 52.5 2.29 4.69 0.12
diagram) hot C'D' ………. 12 106 0.002 4 40 40.9 1.22 5.22 0.25
water C'F' (b) ...…. 12 95 0.002 45 40 40.9 2.13 47.13 1.81
Distribution
piping D'E' (b) ...…. 12 106 0.002 45 40 40.9 2.13 47.13 2.21
K Total pipe friction losses (hot) 3.97
L Difference (Line J minus Line K) 27.4

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2.3. Deduct all pressure losses due to

SECTION E201 SELECTION OF special equipment such as a backflow
PIPE SIZE preventer, water filter and water
E201.1 Size of water-service mains, softener. Pressure loss data for each
branch mains and risers. The minimum piece of equipment shall be obtained
size water service pipe shall be 20 mm. The through the manufacturer of such
size of water service mains, branch mains devices.
and risers shall be determined according to 2.4. Deduct the pressure in excess of
water supply demand [L/min], available (55 kPa) due to installation of the
water pressure [(kPa)] and friction loss due special plumbing fixture, such as
to the water meter and developed length of temperature controlled shower and
pipe [(m)], including equivalent length of flushometer tank water closet. Using
fittings. The size of each water distribution the resulting minimum available
system shall be determined according to the pressure, find the corresponding
procedure outlined in this section or by pressure range in Table E201.1.
other design methods conforming to
acceptable engineering practice and 15 The maximum developed length for
approved by the code official: water piping is the actual length of pipe
between the source of supply and the
1. Supply load in the building water- most remote fixture, including either
distribution system shall be determined hot (through the water heater) or cold
by total load on the pipe being sized, in water branches multiplied by a factor
terms of water-supply fixture units of 1.2 to compensate for pressure loss
(w.s.f.u.), as shown in Table E103.3(2). through fittings. Select the appropriate
For fixtures not listed, choose a w.s.f.u. column in Table E201.1 equal to or
value of a fixture with similar flow greater than the calculated maximum
characteristics. developed length.
2. Obtain the minimum daily static service 16 To determine the size of water service
pressure [(kPa)] available (as determined pipe, meter and main distribution pipe
by the local water authority) at the water to the building using the appropriate
meter or other source of supply at the table, follow down the selected
installation location. Adjust this “maximum developed length” column
minimum daily static pressure [(kPa)] for to a fixture unit equal to, or greater than
the following conditions: the total installation demand calculated
2.1. Determine the difference in by using the “combined” water supply
elevation between the source of fixture unit column of Table E103.3(2).
supply and the highest water supply Read the water service pipe and meter
outlet. Where the highest water sizes in the first left-hand column and
supply outlet is located above the the main distribution pipe to the
source of supply, deduct 3.4 kPa for building in the second left-hand
each 0.3 m of difference in elevation. column on the same row.
Where the highest water supply outlet 17 To determine the size of each water
is located below the source of supply, distribution pipe, start at the most
add 3.4 kPa for each 0.3 m of remote outlet on each branch (either
difference in elevation. hot or cold branch) and, working back
2.2. Where a water pressure reducing toward the main distribution pipe to the
valve is installed in the water building, add up the water supply
distribution system, the minimum fixture unit demand passing through
daily static water pressure available is each segment of the distribution system
80 percent of the minimum daily using the related hot or cold column of
static water pressure at the source of Table E103.3(2). Knowing demand,
supply or the set pressure downstream the size of each segment shall be read
of the pressure reducing valve, from the second left-hand column of
whichever is smaller. the same table and maximum

SBC 701-CR-18 186

 APPENDIX E SIZING OF WATER PIPING SYSTEM

developed length column selected in

Steps 1 and 2, under the same or next
smaller size meter row. In no case does
the size of any branch or main need to
be larger that the size of the main
distribution pipe to the building
established in Step 4.
SECTION E202 DETERMINATION OF
PIPE VOLUMES
E202.1 Determining volume of piping
systems. Where required for engineering
design purposes, Table E202.1 shall be used to
determine the approximate internal volume of
water distribution piping.

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TABLE E103.3(2)
LOAD VALUES ASSIGNED TO FIXTURES(a)
Load Values, in Water Supply Fixture
Type of Supply
Fixture Occupancy Units (wsfu)
Control
Cold Hot Total
Bathroom group Private Flush tank 2.7 1.5 3.6
Bathroom group Private Flushometer valve 6.0 3.0 8.0
Bathtub Private Faucet 1.0 1.0 1.4
Bathtub Public Faucet 3.0 3.0 4.0
Bidet Private Faucet 1.5 1.5 2.0
Combination fixture Private Faucet 2.25 2.25 3.0
Dishwashing machine Private Automatic — 1.4 1.4
Drinking fountain Offices, etc. 10 mm valve 0.25 — 0.25
Kitchen sink Private Faucet 1.0 1.0 1.4
Hotel,
Kitchen sink Faucet 3.0 3.0 4.0
restaurant
Laundry trays (1 to 3) Private Faucet 1.0 1.0 1.4
Lavatory Private Faucet 0.5 0.5 0.7
Lavatory Public Faucet 1.5 1.5 2.0
Service sink Offices, etc. Faucet 2.25 2.25 3.0
Shower head Public Mixing valve 3.0 3.0 4.0
Shower head Private Mixing valve 1.0 1.0 1.4
25 mm flushometer
Urinal Public 10.0 — 10.0
valve
20 mm flushometer
Urinal Public 5.0 — 5.0
valve
Urinal Public Flush tank 3.0 — 3.0
Washing machine (4
Private Automatic 1.0 1.0 1.4
kg)
Washing machine (4
Public Automatic 2.25 2.25 3.0
kg)
Washing machine (7
Public Automatic 3.0 3.0 4.0
kg)
Water closet Private Flushometer valve 6.0 — 6.0
Water closet Private Flush tank 2.2 — 2.2
Water closet Public Flushometer valve 10.0 — 10.0
Water closet Public Flush tank 5.0 — 5.0
Public or
Water closet Flushometer tank 2.0 — 2.0
private
a. For fixtures not listed loads should be assumed by comparing the fixture to one listed using water in similar
quantities and at similar rates. The assigned loads for fixtures with both hot and cold water supplies are given
for separate hot and cold water loads and for total load. The separate hot and cold water loads being three-
fourths of the total load for the fixture in each case.

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APPENDIX E SIZING OF WATER PIPING SYSTEM

TABLE E103.3(3)
TABLE FOR ESTIMATING DEMAND
Supply Systems Predominantly for Flush Tanks Supply Systems Predominantly for Flushometer Valves
Load Demand Load Demand
(Water supply (Liter per (Cubic meter per (Water supply (Liter per (Cubic meter per
fixture units) minute) second) fixture units) minute) second)
1 11.4 0.000189 — — —
2 18.9 0.000315 — — —
3 24.6 0.000410 — — —
4 30.3 0.000505 — — —
5 35.6 0.000593 5 56.8 0.000946
6 40.5 0.000675 6 65.9 0.001098
7 44.7 0.000744 7 74.9 0.001249
8 48.4 0.000807 8 84.0 0.001400
9 51.9 0.000864 9 93.1 0.001552
10 55.3 0.000921 10 102.2 0.001703
11 58.3 0.000971 11 105.2 0.001754
12 60.6 0.001009 12 108.3 0.001804
13 62.5 0.001041 13 111.3 0.001855
14 64.3 0.001072 14 114.3 0.001905
15 66.2 0.001104 15 117.3 0.001956
16 68.1 0.001136 16 120.4 0.002006
17 69.6 0.001161 17 123.4 0.002057
18 71.2 0.001186 18 126.4 0.002107
19 72.7 0.001211 19 129.4 0.002157
20 74.2 0.001236 20 132.5 0.002208
25 81.4 0.001356 25 143.8 0.002397
30 88.2 0.001470 30 159.0 0.002650
35 94.2 0.001571 35 166.5 0.002776
40 99.5 0.001659 40 174.1 0.002902
45 104.8 0.001747 45 181.7 0.003028
50 110.1 0.001836 50 189.3 0.003154
60 121.1 0.002019 60 204.4 0.003407
70 132.5 0.002208 70 219.5 0.003659
80 143.8 0.002397 80 231.6 0.003861
90 155.2 0.002586 90 243.4 0.004056
100 164.6 0.002744 100 255.5 0.004258
120 181.7 0.003028 120 276.3 0.004605
140 198.7 0.003312 140 291.4 0.004857
160 215.7 0.003596 160 306.6 0.005110
180 230.9 0.003848 180 323.6 0.005394
200 246.0 0.004100 200 340.7 0.005678
225 265.0 0.004416 225 361.5 0.006024
250 283.9 0.004731 250 382.3 0.006371
275 302.8 0.005047 275 395.5 0.006592
300 321.7 0.005362 300 408.8 0.006813
400 397.4 0.006624 400 480.7 0.008012
500 469.3 0.007822 500 541.3 0.009021
750 643.5 0.010724 750 669.9 0.011166
1,000 787.3 0.013121 1,000 787.3 0.013121
1,250 904.6 0.015077 1,250 904.6 0.015077
1,500 1018.2 0.016969 1,500 1018.2 0.016969
1,750 1124.1 0.018736 1,750 1124.1 0.018736
2,000 1230.1 0.020502 2,000 1230.1 0.020502
2,500 1438.3 0.023972 2,500 1438.3 0.023972
3,000 1638.9 0.027315 3,000 1638.9 0.027315
4,000 1987.1 0.033119 4,000 1987.1 0.033119
5,000 2244.5 0.037408 5,000 2244.5 0.037408

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APPENDIX E SIZING OF WATER PIPING SYSTEM

TABLE E103.3(4)
LOSS OF PRESSURE THROUGH TAPS AND TEES IN kPa

Liter per Size of Tap or Tee (mm)

Minute 16 20 25 32 40 50 80
37.9 9.3 4.4 1.2 0.6 — — —
75.7 37.1 17.5 5.3 2.1 1.0 — —
113.6 83.4 39.4 11.2 4.8 2.3 0.7 —
151.4 — 70.3 21.2 8.5 4.0 1.2 —
189.3 — 109.6 31.0 13.2 6.3 1.9 —
227.1 — — 44.5 19.0 9.0 2.8 —
265.0 — — 60.6 25.9 12.3 3.8 0.7
302.8 — — 79.3 33.8 16.0 5.0 0.9
340.7 — — 100.0 42.8 20.3 6.3 1.1
378.5 — — 123.7 52.9 25.0 7.7 1.4
454.2 — — 177.9 75.8 36.1 11.1 2.1
529.9 — — 242.7 103.4 49.1 15.2 2.8
567.8 — — — 118.6 56.3 17.4 3.2
605.6 — — — 135.1 64.1 20.1 3.7
681.3 — — — 171.0 81.4 25.0 4.7
757.0 — — — 211.7 100.0 30.9 5.8
851.6 — — — 267.5 126.9 38.6 7.3
946.3 — — — 330.3 156.5 48.3 9.0
1040.9 — — — — 188.9 53.1 11.0
1135.5 — — — — 224.8 69.6 13.0

TABLE E103.3(5)
ALLOWANCE IN EQUIVALENT LENGTHS OF PIPE FOR FRICTION LOSS IN VALVES AND
THREADED FITTINGS (meter)
Pipe Size (mm)
Fitting or Valve
15 20 25 32 40 50 65 80
45-degree elbow 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.9 1.2 1.5 1.8
90-degree elbow 0.6 0.8 0.9 1.2 1.5 2.1 2.4 3.1
Tee, run 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.8 0.9
Tee, branch 0.9 1.2 1.5 1.8 2.1 3.1 3.7 4.6
Gate valve 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6
Balancing valve 0.2 0.3 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.9 1.1 1.4
Plug-type cock 0.2 0.3 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.9 1.1 1.4
Check valve, swing 1.7 2.6 3.4 4.3 5.1 6.8 8.5 10.3
Globe valve 4.6 6.1 7.6 10.7 13.7 16.8 19.8 24.4
Angle valve 2.4 3.7 4.6 5.5 6.7 8.5 10.4 12.2

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TABLE E103.3(6)
PRESSURE LOSS IN FITTINGS AND VALVES EXPRESSED AS EQUIVALENT LENGTH OF
TUBE(a) (meter)
Fittings Valves
Nominal or
Standard EII 90-Degree Tee
Standard Coupling
90 45 Side Straight Ball Gate Butterfly Check
Size (mm)
Degree Degree Branch Run
10 0.2 — 0.5 — — — — — 0.5
15 0.3 0.2 0.6 — — — — — 0.6
16 0.5 0.2 0.6 — — — — — 0.8
20 0.6 0.2 0.9 — — — — — 0.9
25 0.8 0.3 1.4 — — 0.2 — — 1.4
32 0.9 0.3 1.7 0.2 0.2 0.2 — — 1.7
40 1.2 0.5 2.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 — — 2.0
50 1.7 0.6 2.7 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 2.3 2.7
65 2.1 0.8 3.7 0.2 0.2 — 0.3 3.1 3.5
80 2.7 1.1 4.6 0.3 0.3 — 0.5 4.7 4.4
90 2.7 1.1 4.3 0.3 0.3 — 0.6 — 3.8
100 3.8 1.5 6.4 0.3 0.3 — 0.6 4.9 5.6
125 4.9 1.8 8.2 0.5 0.5 — 0.9 3.5 7.2
150 5.8 2.1 10.4 0.6 0.6 — 1.1 4.1 8.1
200 8.8 3.4 15.2 0.9 0.9 — 1.5 3.8 11.9
a. Allowances are for streamlined soldered fittings and recessed threaded fittings. For threaded fittings, double
the allowances shown in the table. The equivalent lengths presented above are based on a C factor of 150 in the
Hazen-Williams friction loss formula. The lengths shown are rounded to the nearest half-foot.

TABLE E201.1
MINIMUM SIZE OF WATER METERS, MAINS AND DISTRIBUTION PIPING
BASED ON WATER SUPPLY FIXTURE UNIT VALUES (w.s.f.u.)
Meter and
Distribution
Service Pipe Maximum Development Length (meter)
Pipe (mm)
(mm)
Pressure Range
40 60 80 100 150 200 250 300 400 500
200 to 269 kPa
20 15 (a) 0.8 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.0 0.0
20 20 2.9 2.3 1.8 1.7 1.2 1.1 0.9 0.8 0.6 0.5
20 25 9.8 7.6 6.1 5.0 3.4 2.7 2.4 2.0 1.7 1.4
25 25 9.8 9.8 8.2 6.4 4.1 3.0 2.4 2.1 1.7 1.5
20 32 9.8 9.8 9.8 9.8 9.1 7.3 6.1 5.2 4.0 3.2
25 32 24.4 24.4 21.3 18.6 13.7 10.4 8.2 6.7 4.9 3.7
40 32 24.4 24.4 24.4 22.9 16.5 12.2 9.4 7.6 5.3 4.0
25 40 26.5 26.5 26.5 26.5 25.6 22.3 19.5 17.1 13.7 11.0
40 40 46.0 46.0 46.0 46.0 35.7 28.0 24.1 21.0 16.5 13.1
50 40 46.0 46.0 46.0 46.0 39.0 30.2 25.3 21.9 17.1 13.7
25 50 26.5 26.5 26.5 26.5 26.5 26.5 26.5 26.5 26.5 26.2
40 50 83.8 83.8 83.8 83.8 78.6 68.0 59.7 53.0 43.9 37.2
50 50 111.3 111.3 111.3 111.3 96.9 81.1 69.8 61.3 48.8 40.8
50 65 162.5 162.5 162.5 162.5 162.5 150.9 136.6 124.7 107.6 94.8

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 APPENDIX E SIZING OF WATER PIPING SYSTEM

Meter and
Distribution
Service Pipe Maximum Development Length (meter)
Pipe (mm)
(mm)
Pressure Range
40 60 80 100 150 200 250 300 400 500
270 to 339 kPa
20 15 (a) 0.9 0.8 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2
20 20 2.9 2.9 2.6 2.1 1.7 1.4 1.1 0.9 0.8 0.6
20 25 9.8 9.8 9.8 7.9 5.5 4.1 3.2 2.7 2.3 1.8
25 25 9.8 9.8 9.8 9.8 6.4 4.6 3.5 2.9 2.3 2.0
20 32 9.8 9.8 9.8 9.8 9.8 9.8 9.8 8.2 6.4 5.0
25 32 24.4 24.4 24.4 24.4 19.8 15.8 12.8 10.7 7.9 6.1
40 32 24.4 24.4 24.4 24.4 22.9 18.0 14.6 11.9 8.5 6.4
25 40 26.5 26.5 26.5 26.5 26.5 26.5 26.5 23.8 19.8 16.8
40 40 46.0 46.0 46.0 46.0 46.0 39.6 33.2 28.3 22.9 19.2
50 40 46.0 46.0 46.0 46.0 46.0 42.4 35.1 29.9 23.5 19.5
25 50 26.5 26.5 26.5 26.5 26.5 26.5 26.5 26.5 26.5 26.5
40 50 83.8 83.8 83.8 83.8 83.8 83.8 80.5 72.5 60.4 51.5
50 50 111.3 111.3 111.3 111.3 111.3 106.4 92.7 82.3 67.1 56.4
50 65 162.5 162.5 162.5 162.5 162.5 162.5 162.5 160.9 139.0 122.8

Meter and
Distribution
Service Pipe Maximum Development Length (meter)
Pipe (mm)
(mm)
Pressure Range
40 60 80 100 150 200 250 300 400 500
340 to 415 kPa
20 15 (a) 0.9 0.9 0.8 0.6 0.5 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2
20 20 2.9 2.9 2.9 2.6 2.0 1.5 1.4 1.2 0.9 0.8
20 25 9.8 9.8 9.8 9.8 7.6 5.6 4.4 3.7 2.9 2.4
25 25 9.8 9.8 9.8 9.8 9.1 6.7 5.0 4.0 3.0 2.4
20 32 9.8 9.8 9.8 9.8 9.8 9.8 9.8 9.8 8.8 7.3
25 32 24.4 24.4 24.4 24.4 24.4 20.7 17.4 14.6 10.7 8.5
40 32 24.4 24.4 24.4 24.4 24.4 22.9 19.2 16.2 11.9 8.8
25 40 26.5 26.5 26.5 26.5 26.5 26.5 26.5 26.5 25.0 21.3
40 40 46.0 46.0 46.0 46.0 46.0 46.0 42.4 36.6 28.7 24.1
50 40 46.0 46.0 46.0 46.0 46.0 46.0 44.5 38.4 29.6 24.7
25 50 26.5 26.5 26.5 26.5 26.5 26.5 26.5 26.5 26.5 26.5
40 50 83.8 83.8 83.8 83.8 83.8 83.8 83.8 83.8 75.3 64.9
50 50 111.3 111.3 111.3 111.3 111.3 111.3 111.3 100.3 82.9 70.7
50 65 162.5 162.5 162.5 162.5 162.5 162.5 162.5 162.5 162.5 148.1

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 APPENDIX E SIZING OF WATER PIPING SYSTEM

Meter and
Distribution
Service Pipe Maximum Development Length (meter)
Pipe (mm)
(mm)
Pressure Range
40 60 80 100 150 200 250 300 400 500
Over 415 kPa
20 15 (a) 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.8 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.3 0.3 0.2
20 20 2.9 2.9 2.9 2.9 2.3 1.8 1.5 1.4 1.1 0.9
20 25 9.8 9.8 9.8 9.8 9.8 7.3 5.9 4.7 3.5 2.9
25 25 9.8 9.8 9.8 9.8 9.8 8.5 8.5 5.2 3.7 2.9
20 32 9.8 9.8 9.8 9.8 9.8 9.8 9.8 9.8 9.8 9.1
25 32 24.4 24.4 24.4 24.4 24.4 24.4 21.0 18.3 14.0 11.0
40 32 24.4 24.4 24.4 24.4 24.4 24.4 23.2 19.8 15.2 11.6
25 40 26.5 26.5 26.5 26.5 26.5 26.5 26.5 26.5 26.5 25.6
40 40 46.0 46.0 46.0 46.0 46.0 46.0 46.0 43.9 34.7 28.7
50 40 46.0 46.0 46.0 46.0 46.0 46.0 46.0 46.0 36.0 29.6
25 50 26.5 26.5 26.5 26.5 26.5 26.5 26.5 26.5 26.5 26.5
40 50 83.8 83.8 83.8 83.8 83.8 83.8 83.8 83.8 83.8 76.8
50 50 111.3 112.2 112.2 112.2 112.2 112.2 112.2 112.2 96.9 83.2
50 65 162.5 162.5 162.5 162.5 162.5 162.5 162.5 162.5 162.5 162.5
a. Minimum size for building supply is 20 mm pipe.

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APPENDIX E SIZING OF WATER PIPING SYSTEM

TABLE E202.1
INTERNAL VOLUME OF VARIOUS WATER DISTRIBUTION TUBING
Liter of Water per Meter of Tube
Size
Nominal CPVC Composite
Copper Copper Copper CPVC PEX CTS
(mm) CTS SDR ASTM
Type M Type L Type K SCH 40 SDR 9
11 F1281
10 0.104 0.095 0.083 N/A 0.115 0.062 0.063
15 0.166 0.153 0.143 0.123 0.186 0.129 0.116
20 0.338 0.317 0.285 0.263 0.333 0.334 0.231
25 0.572 0.540 0.509 0.436 0.544 0.547 0.385
32 0.856 0.823 0.796 0.651 0.951 0.836 0.572
40 1.199 1.164 1.127 0.907 1.299 1.366 0.796
50 2.075 2.026 1.972 1.554 2.154 2.114 1.364

FIGURE E103.3(1)
EXAMPLE—SIZING

SBC 701-CR-18 194