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Final Exam - January 2011

This document provides instructions and questions for a 3-hour chemical engineering thermodynamics exam. It is divided into two sections worth a total of 70 points. Section I contains 20 true/false questions worth 1 point each. Section II contains 9 multi-part problems related to thermodynamics of mixtures, phase equilibria, chemical reactions, and heterogeneous systems worth a total of 50 points. Students are instructed to show work and use provided data and equations as needed.

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Hazem Mohamed
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52 views

Final Exam - January 2011

This document provides instructions and questions for a 3-hour chemical engineering thermodynamics exam. It is divided into two sections worth a total of 70 points. Section I contains 20 true/false questions worth 1 point each. Section II contains 9 multi-part problems related to thermodynamics of mixtures, phase equilibria, chemical reactions, and heterogeneous systems worth a total of 50 points. Students are instructed to show work and use provided data and equations as needed.

Uploaded by

Hazem Mohamed
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Cairo University Chemical Engineering Thermodynamics

Faculty of Engineering CHEM603 - Fall 2010


Chemical Engineering Department Time: 3 hours

Open Book
Problem statements should contain any needed data. If required data are missing, use data from the appendix of the
textbook. Maximum grade is 60.

Section I. True or False (20 marks)


Each correct answer gets one mark. Don’t attempt blind guessing.

101. We can use an activity coefficient model such as van Laar or Wilson to predict the composition of the two liquid
phases at equilibrium.
102. For a negative isoteric heat of adsorption, desorption occurs at higher temperatures.
103. The spreading pressure, which can be measured experimentally, is the force in the plane of the surface that must
be exerted perpendicular to each unit length of edge to keep the surface from spreading.
104. Excess enthalpy and excess entropy are the same as the enthalpy and entropy of mixing.
105. The activity coefficient for a pure non-ideal gas is equal to 1.
106. The equilibrium constant for a reaction is not really a constant; it is a function of temperature and pressure.
107. For mixtures, the critical temperature is the highest temperature at which liquid and vapor coexist.
108. The number of degrees of freedom for a binary system at the azeotrope is 1.
109. The relative volatility for any binary solution is the ratio between the vapor pressures of the two components.
110. The entropy change of mixing is always positive except for ideal gas mixtures.
111. Gibbs Duhem equation can be applied to the logarithm of the fugacity coefficient of the components in a mixture.
112. To obtain the equilibrium compositions of a reacting mixture, we must know the reactions that occur within the
reactor.
113. Supercritical fluid extraction makes use of the significant changes in the solubility of solutes in supercritical fluids
with pressure.
114. Vapor pressure can be estimated from Antoine equation but not from a cubic equation of state.
115. For a stable single-phase binary system, the second derivative of ΔG must everywhere be positive.
116. The slope of the chemical potential versus mole fraction for a component in a single-phase binary is always
positive.
117. The constant-pressure liquid/liquid solubility diagram is symmetric around x=0.5 when predicted by the two-
constant Margules activity coefficient model.
118. Toth isotherm reduces to Langmuir isotherm when t=1.
119. Langmuir isotherm assumes monolayer adsorption and constant heat of adsorption.
120. For the adsorption of pure species, the number of degrees of freedom equals 1.

Section II (50 marks)


Thermodynamics of Mixtures
201. A single-effect evaporator concentrates a 20 mass-% aqueous solution of H2S04 to 70%. The feed rate is 11.3 kg/s,
and the feed temperature is 300.15 K (27°C). The evaporator is maintained at an absolute pressure of 0.1 bar, at which
pressure the boiling point of 70-% H2S04 is 375.15 K (103°C). What is the heat-transfer rate in the evaporator?. (4
marks)

202. Consider a mixture of species 1, 2, and 3. The following equation of state is available for the vapor phase:
PV=RT+P2[A(y1-y2)+B], where A/RT=-9E-5 [1/atm2] and B/RT=3E-5 [1/atm2] and y1, y2, and y3 are the mole fractions.
Consider a vapor mixture with 1 mole of species 1, 2 moles of species 2, and 2 moles of species 3 at 50 atm and 500 K.
Calculate the volume of the mixture and the partial molar volume of species 1. (5 marks)

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Vapor-Liquid Equilibrium
203. Plot a block diagram for flash calculation using the phi-phi method. (4 marks)

Liquid-Liquid Equilibrium
204. Glycerol (a) and benzyl ethyl amine (b) form two partially miscible liquid phases. At 220 C and 1 atm, the
compositions of the two phases are given by xaα=0.9 and xaβ=0.2. From these data, estimate the parameters of the
two-constants Margules equation. (4 marks)

Vapor-Liquid-Liquid Equilibrium
205. The bubble point of a liquid mixture of an alcohol and water containing 2.0 mol % alcohol is 90 C at 1.013 bar. The
vapor pressure of pure water is 0.7733 bar and that of the alcohol is 0.4 bar at this temperature.
a. Assuming that the activity coefficient of water is unity (since its concentration is 98 mol %), what is the
composition of the vapor in equilibrium with the 2.0 mol % solution? What is the activity coefficient of the alcohol
in this solution? (3 marks)
b. At 90 C, the maximum amount of alcohol that can be dissolved in water is 2.0 mol %. When larger amounts are
present, a second liquid phase forms that contains 65.0 mol % alcohol. What are the activity coefficients of the
alcohol and the water in this second liquid phase? (2 marks)
c. What is the bubble point temperature and the composition of the vapor phase for a liquid mixture containing 65
mol % of this alcohol with water at 1.013 bar? (2 marks)

Liquid-Phase Chemical Reaction Equilibrium


206. The following isomerization reaction occurs in the liquid phase:
A =B
Where A and B are miscible liquids for which G /RT = 0.1 xA xB. If ΔGo298=-1,000 J, what is the equilibrium composition of
E

the mixture at 25C? How much error is introduced if one assumes that A and B form an ideal solution? (4 marks)

Gas-Phase Chemical Reaction Equilibrium


207. The chemical reaction for the dissociation of nitrogen tetroxide is
N2O4 (g) = 2NO2 (g)
The reported standard state Gibbs free energy change for this reaction over a limited temperature range is
ΔGorxn(T)=57.33-0.17677 T kJ/mol of N2O4 reacted
For the pure component, ideal gas at 1-bar standard state and T in kelvins
a. What is the standard state heat of reaction for the dissociation of nitrogen tetroxide? (3 marks)
b. Determine the equilibrium composition of this mixture at 50C and 1 bar. (4 marks)

Multiple Reactions
208. Determine the equilibrium conversions and composition for the formation of NO and NO2 from air at 3000 K and
500 bar from the following reactions: N2 + O2 = 2 NO and ½ N2 + O2 = NO2. [Properties of NO2: Tc=431.4 K, Pc=101.33
bar and ω= 0.86] (8 marks)

Heterogeneous Chemical Equilibrium


209. The calcinations of sodium bicarbonate takes place according to the reaction
2NaHCO3 (s) = Na2CO3 (s) + CO2 (g) + H2O (g)
When this reaction was run in the laboratory by placing sodium bicarbonate in an initially evacuated cylinder, it was
observed that the equilibrium total pressure was 0.826 kPa at 30 C and 166.97 kPa at 110 C. The heat of reaction for
the calcinations can be assumed to be independent of temperature.
a. What is the heat of reaction for this reaction? (3 marks)
b. Develop an equation for the equilibrium constant at any temperature (2 mark)
c. At what temperature will the partial pressure of carbon dioxide in the reaction vessel be exactly 1 bar? (2 marks)

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