FAI

LUREMODESOFBRI
CKMASONRYBUI
LDI
NGS

Vi
brat
ionscausedbyear
thquakesgener
ateaddi
ti
onall
oadi
ng.Shearst
ressesdev
elop
whi
chcausedamaget
ost
ruct
uralel
ement
s.Si
ncemasonr
y,whi
chcanbest
ressed
r
elat
ivel
yhi
ghi
ncompr
essi
on,i
sweaki
nresi
sti
ngbendi
ngandshear
,col
l
apsei
sof
ten
t
her
esul
t.Thedi
ff
erentf
ail
uresmodesofmasonr
yar
e:

1.Sl
idi
ngshearf
ail
ure
2.Di
agonalcr
acks
3.Nonst
ruct
uralf
ail
ure

1.Sl
idi
ngshearf
ail
ure(
BedJoi
ntSl
idi
ng)

I
tresul
tsi
nabui
l
dingsl
i
dingof
fit
sfoundat
ionorononeoft
hehor
izont
almor
tarj
oint
s.
I
tiscausedbyl
owv
ert
icall
oadandpoormor
tar
.Ift
hebui
l
dingi
sadequat
elyanchor
ed
t
othef
oundat
ion,
thenextconcer
nisf
oradequat
eresi
stanceoft
hef
oundat
ioni
tsel
f,i
n
t
hef
orm ofsomecombi
nat
ionofhor
izont
alsl
i
dingf
ri
cti
onandl
ater
alear
thpr
essur
e.
Thedi
slocat
ionofal
i
ght
lyat
tachedr
oofi
sal
soanexampl
eoft
hist
ypeoff
ail
ure.Awal
l
wi
thpoorshearst
rengt
h,l
oadedpr
edomi
nant
lywi
thhor
izont
alf
orcescanexhi
bitt
his
f
ail
uremechani
sm.Aspectr
ati
oforsuchwal
l
sisusual
l
y1:
1orl
ess(
1:1.
5).

2.Di
agonalcr
acks

Di
agonalcr
acksi
nmasonr
ywal
l
swhent
het
ensi
l
est
resses,
dev
elopedi
nthewal
lunder
acombi
nat
ionofv
ert
icaland hor
izont
all
oads,exceedt
het
ensi
l
est
rengt
hoft
he
masonr
ymat
eri
al.
3.Nonst
ruct
uralf
ail
ure

Whi
l
est
ruct
uralel
ement
sofabui
l
dingshoul
dbet
hepr
imeconcer
nforear
thquake
r
esi
stance,ev
ery
thi
ngi
nthebui
l
dingconst
ruct
ionshoul
dresi
stf
orcesgener
atedby
ear
thquakes.Nonst
ruct
uralwal
l
s,suspended cei
l
ings,wi
ndow f
ramesand f
ixt
ures
shoul
dbesecur
eagai
nstmov
ementdur
ingt
heshaki
ngact
ions.Fai
l
ureher
emaynot
l
eadt
obui
l
dingcol
l
apse,
buti
tst
il
lconst
it
utesdangerf
oroccupant
sandr
equi
rescost
ly
r
epl
acement
sorr
epai
r.

I
nter
iorpar
ti
ti
ons,
cur
tai
nwal
l
s,wal
lfi
nishes,
windowsandsi
mil
arbui
l
dingel
ement
sar
e
of
tensubj
ect
eddur
ingear
thquakest
oshearst
resses,f
orwhi
cht
heydonothav
e
suf
fi
cientr
esi
sti
vest
rengt
h.Themostcommondamager
esul
ti
ngf
rom t
hisi
sbr
eakage
ofwi
ndow panesandcr
acksi
nint
ernalpl
ast
erandext
ernalr
ender
ing.A possi
ble
r
emedyf
ort
hef
ormeri
stoi
sol
atet
hewi
ndowf
ramesf
rom t
hesur
roundi
ngwal
l
sbyt
he
i
ntr
oduct
ionoff
lexi
blej
oint
s;t
hel
att
ercanbeav
oidedbyr
einf
orci
ngt
hepl
ast
erort
o
pr
e-cr
acki
tbyi
ntr
oduci
ngcont
rol
joi
nts(
grov
es)
.

4.Fai
lur
eduet
oov
ert
urni
ng(
ToeCompr
essi
onFai
lur
e)

Thecr
it
icalnat
ureoft
heov
ert
urni
ngef
fecthasmucht
odowi
tht
hef
orm oft
he
bui
l
ding'
sver
ti
cal
prof
il
e.Awal
lthati
stoot
all
ort
ool
ongi
ncompar
isont
oit
sthi
ckness
i
spar
ti
cul
arl
yvul
ner
abl
etoshaki
ngi
nit
sweakdi
rect
ion.Thust
het
endencyofawal
lto
t
oppl
ewhenpushedi
ntheweakdi
rect
ioncanber
educedbyl
i
mit
ingi
tsl
engt
h-t
o-
t
hicknessandhei
ght
-t
o-t
hicknessr
ati
os.