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Prima Parte Final 2

This document introduces a book titled "Basics of Semiology in Internal Medicine" edited by Cristina-Maria Gavrilescu. The book is intended to provide medical students with the basic knowledge of medical semiology, or the science of understanding disease signs and symptoms. It will help students obtain accurate diagnoses through history taking and physical examination of patients. The book contains multiple chapters covering different body systems and physical examination techniques. It aims to teach the importance of understanding the human as a whole, rather than just treating separate organs, through interaction and examination.

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Munteanu Dragos
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54 views

Prima Parte Final 2

This document introduces a book titled "Basics of Semiology in Internal Medicine" edited by Cristina-Maria Gavrilescu. The book is intended to provide medical students with the basic knowledge of medical semiology, or the science of understanding disease signs and symptoms. It will help students obtain accurate diagnoses through history taking and physical examination of patients. The book contains multiple chapters covering different body systems and physical examination techniques. It aims to teach the importance of understanding the human as a whole, rather than just treating separate organs, through interaction and examination.

Uploaded by

Munteanu Dragos
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Basics of Semiology in Internal

Medicine

Edited by
Cristina-Maria GAVRILESCU
Authors
(in alphabethical order)

Lecturer Dr. Cristina-Maria GAVRILESCU


MD Internal Medicine
Specialist geriatric-gerontology and clinical pharmacology
U.M.F. "Gr. T. Popa "Iaşi

Prof. Dr. Rodica GHIURU


MD Internal Medicine and Cardiology
Specialist geriatric-gerontology
U.M.F. "Gr. T. Popa "Iaşi
Head of the Vth Medical Clinic and Geriatrics-Gerontology
Clinic

Lecturer Dr. Paloma MANEA


MD Internal Medicine
Specialist in Cardiology
U.M.F. "Gr. T. Popa "Iaşi

Lecturer Dr. Dragos Munteanu


MD Internal Medicine
U.M.F. "Gr. T. Popa "Iaşi

References
Prof. univ. dr. Norina-Consuela FORNA,
Dean of the Faculty of Dentistry

Prof. univ. dr. Doina AZOICĂI,


Dean of the Faculty of Medicine

Illustrations: Babiuc Sanda


Introduction

“Whatever you do will be insignificant, but it is very important that you


do it”
M. Gandhi

Living in a hurry, like any person nowadays, the doctors would do


anything to shorten the way to a diagnostic. This process sometimes
implies shortening the time spent talking and examining the patient.
Modern medicine is relying much more then it should on regarding the
human being based on affections of organs that are treated separately,
rather than seeing the person as a whole.
But in spite of all efforts, doctors can’t find an algorithm that can
diagnose and treat people by overlooking some of the most important
things in getting to that aim, such as human interaction.
Today, a lot of medical skills and experience are still needed in order to
understand and help a human being. Talking to the patient and examining
him as a whole is needed more than ever. That is exactly what semiology
is trying to do by giving us the best clues for describing and diagnosing
diseases. Also, obtaining an accurate diagnostic through history taking
and examination helps avoiding unnecessary and often risky
investigations.
We intended for this book to be a brief presentation of the basic
knowledge in medical semiology, that will afterwards be extended by
students when they will be studying Internal Medicine, Cardiology,
Gastroenterology, Nephrology, Dermatology, Neurology, or other
specialties from the Dental or General medicine field.
The book is addressed both to English students and to Romanian ones, or
to doctors that might choose to complete their studies in an English-
speaking country.
We thank all those who have helped us with the realization of this book
and we also thank all the generations of students who made us understand
the need of creating it.
12.11.2014 The authors

CONTENT

Chapter 1 The Medical Record; History Taking (Cristina-Maria


Gavrilescu, Paloma Manea)……....………………………………….....5
Chapter 2 Physical Examination (Cristina-Maria Gavrilescu, D.
Munteanu).....................………………………………………………...13
Chapter 3 The Attitude (Position) (Cristina-Maria Gavrilescu)………..17
Chapter 4 The Facies (Cristina-Maria Gavrilescu)………..……………19
Chapter 5 Height, Weight and Body Mass Index (Cristina-Maria
Gavrilescu, D. Munteanu)..…...………………..……………………….20
Chapter 6 The Skin Examination (Cristina-Maria Gavrilescu, Paloma
Manea)…………………………………………………………………..22
Chapter 7 Edema (Cristina-Maria Gavrilescu)……………..………..…27
Chapter 8 The Hair and the Nails (Cristina-Maria Gavrilescu, D.
Munteanu).....................……………………...…………………………27
Chapter 9 The Hematologic System (Cristina-Maria Gavrilescu, Rodica
Ghiuru)……………………………………………….………………..31
Chapter 10 The Temperature (Cristina-Maria Gavrilescu, D. Munteanu)
……………………………..…...……….…………….…….33
Chapter 11 The Head and the Neck (Cristina-Maria Gavrilescu)……....36
Chapter 12 The Lymph Nodes (Cristina-Maria Gavrilescu)……...…….45
Chapter 13 The Musculoskeletal System (Cristina-Maria Gavrilescu)...48
Chapter 14 The Respiratory System (Cristina-Maria Gavrilescu)……..51
14.1 Symptoms and signs……………………..………………………...57
14.2 The examination of thorax and lungs…………………..………….64
Chapter 15 The Cardiovascular System (Cristina-Maria Gavrilescu,
Paloma Manea, Rodica Ghiuru)
15.1 Symptoms and Signs……........………………..…………………..74
15.2 The physical examination of the cardiovascular
system……………………………………………….………………...83
Chapter 16 The Digestive System (Cristina-Maria Gavrilescu, Rodica
Ghiuru)
16.1 Symptoms and Signs….………………….………………………..98
16.2 The physical examination of the abdomen……..………………...112
Chapter 17 The Urinary System (Cristina-Maria Gavrilescu)
17.1 Symptoms and Signs……………..………………..………….…121
17.2 The physical examination of the urinary system……...………….128
Chapter 18 The Nervous System (Cristina-Maria Gavrilescu, D.
Munteanu)………………..……………………………………………131
Bibliography………………...……………………………………….138
The Main Purpose of the Book

It is presumed that all students studying medicine aim to become


practicing physicians. Regardless of them becoming researchers,
specialists in preclinical fields, epidemiologists, pharmacologists or
clinicians, they will all be related to understanding the secrets of the
human body. No matter if they will practice internal medicine, surgery or
dental medicine, they will have to know anatomy, physiology,
biochemistry, and all the other preclinical specialties, but they will
obviously have to know how to talk to a patient and understand his
fascinating universe. All of us, working in the benefit of mankind,
fighting the disease, have to know how to approach the human being in
pain. In order to help them, we have to obtain as many information as
possible about their disease.
Semiology is the science of understanding the signs and symptoms of a
disease, thus helping us on the pathway to the correct diagnostic. It
practically helps us think and act as a practicing physician.

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