This is great issue for the people

mainly that are working in the

organization. Because these papers
may contain any kind of information
that should not be seen by other
people. So, in order to keep away
these waste paper from the people we
are designing a machine that tore the
paper into pieces.

Paper Shredder
Machine

UZAIR MANSOOR BME-173105

MUHAMMAD IBRAHIM BME-173132
HASSAN ALI BME-173007
Table of Contents
Problem Statement: ...................................................................................................................................... 2
Abstract: ........................................................................................................................................................ 2
Objective of Project: ..................................................................................................................................... 3
Literature Review: ......................................................................................................................................... 3
Mathematical Model: ................................................................................................................................... 4
Force of Shredding: ................................................................................................................................... 4
Worm Gear Box Design: ............................................................................................................................ 4
Power of Motor:........................................................................................................................................ 6
Diameter of shaft: ..................................................................................................................................... 7
Bearing: ..................................................................................................................................................... 8
Material Selection: ........................................................................................................................................ 9
Spur Gear: ................................................................................................................................................. 9
Gear Box: ................................................................................................................................................... 9
Electric Motor: .......................................................................................................................................... 9
Shaft and bearing: ..................................................................................................................................... 9
3-D Design: .................................................................................................................................................. 10
Analysis: ...................................................................................................................................................... 11
Dynamic Analysis: ................................................................................................................................... 11
Static Analysis: ........................................................................................................................................ 12
Topology Optimization:........................................................................................................................... 13
Results and Discussion: ............................................................................................................................... 14
Conclusion: .................................................................................................................................................. 14
Reference: ................................................................................................................................................... 15
Problem Statement:
Discarded information contains sensitive data of individual, businessman do not want the
information to fall in wrong hand. In order to shred this sensitive information, design a
paper shredding machine for ABC company that strip the paper into pieces. The maximum
flake size should be five. This machine should work automized as well as manual.

Abstract:
There is a great importance of paper in the companies, industries as well as for the
household purpose. But after this paper as a waste this paper is being thrown into the
dustbin. This is great issue for the people mainly that are working in the organization.
Because these papers may contain any kind of information that should not be seen by other
people. So, in order to keep away these waste paper from the people and many other
purposes like environment friendly, saves money, information management we are
designing a machine that tore the paper into pieces. This machine is name as Paper shredder
machine.
This machine contain frame, blades, gears, gearbox, shaft, motor and the bearing. In this
paper we have apply all the mathematical relation that we have studied in machine design
and cad. Our first step is to calculate all the forces, torque, power of motor, shaft diameter
and efficiency of the gearbox. Then we design a 3-D cad model in Creo parametric 2.0.
The dynamic analysis is done in ANSYS-18.1
Objective of Project:
The main objective of this project is to apply knowledge that we have gain in machine
design and cad. The machine is designed in such a way that it will work manual as well
as mechanized. To fabricate the A-4 size paper in 10 second. Our objective is not only
limited to design we have also analyzed.

Literature Review:
The first paper shredder is credited to marketed his shredders to government
prolific inventor Abbot Augustus Low, agencies and financial institutions
whose patent was filed on February 2, converting from hand-crank to electric
1909. His invention was however never motor. Hinger’s company, EBA
manufactured. Adolf Ehinger's paper Maschinenfabrik, manufactured the first
shredder, based on a hand-crank pasta cross-cut paper shredders in 1959 and
maker, was manufactured in 1935 in continues to do so to this day as EBA
Germany. Supposedly he needed to shred Krug & Priester GmbH & Co. in
his anti-Nazi propaganda to avoid the Balingen.
inquiries of the authorities. Ehinger later
papers into about 3/8 in wide strip or to
cross cut the paper into plurality of
Willi Strohmeyer in 1995, presented a
smaller pieces
blade and a stripper assembly for a paper
shredder. Between the blades of each Ming- Hui Ho In 2003, he has presented
shaft in the cutter zone, stripper bars or the paper shredder which had two rotary
fingers were provided to avoid the cut cutters each with multiple blades. Each
material get collected around the blade blade had a first cutting blade with
shaft. Here the stripper block had the row multiple first cutting edges and a second
of stripper fingers received in the cutting blade with multiple cutting edges.
interstices between the blades.
I. M. Sanjay Kumar DR. T.R. Hemanth
Joseph Y.Ko. in 2000, An automatic Kumar, the scope of this project was to
paper shredder is capable of sequentially design and development of shredder
cutting up to 20 sheets of 20-lb bond machine focus on chopping of coconut
paper, up to 9 inches wide. A feed tray leaves, areca leaves, this chopped powder
holds the stack of paper. Upon selection to prepare the vermin compost. Eight
of either manual (ON) automatic (AUTO) cutters are mounted on two shafts, which
operation of the machine, a single sheet of rotate parallel driven by a spur gear. The
paper is fed into the machine by roller as power from the electrical motor is
subsequent sheets, if any. The knife transmitted to cutter shaft through a belt
rollers are configured either to shred the drive.
Mathematical Model:
Force of Shredding:
Mass of Paper = 5g
Weight of Paper = mass of paper * gravitational acceleration
𝑚
Weight of Paper = 5g * 9.81
𝑠2

Weight of Paper = 0.04905 N

𝐹𝑜𝑟𝑐𝑒 𝑤𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑃𝑎𝑝𝑒𝑟
Pressure = =
𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓 𝑃𝑎𝑝𝑒𝑟

Area of A4 size Paper = 210mm * 297mm

Area of A4 size Paper = 0.0624 𝑚2
0.04905
Pressure = = 0.786Pa
0.0624

Force needed to shred the Paper = nP2𝜋

n = number of Papers = 10
P = Pressure force
𝝅 = revolution of cutting disk
Force = (10) (0.786) (2) (3.14)
Force = 49.38 N

Worm Gear Box Design:

Efficiency =?
𝑁𝑤 = 8
𝑁𝑔 = 56
𝐶 0.875 300.875
ⅆ𝑤 = =
2.2 2.2

ⅆ𝑤 = 8.91𝑚𝑚
ⅆ𝑔 = 2𝐶 − ⅆ = 2(30) – 8.91

ⅆ𝑔 = 51.09 mm
 𝑁𝑤 8
𝐿 = 𝜋ⅆ𝑔 = 𝜋(51.09)
𝑁𝑔 56
L = 22.92mm
𝐿
𝜆 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 ( )
𝜋ⅆ𝑤
𝜆 = 39.310

From Table 16.2 (Fundamental of Machine component design 5th edition by Robert C.
Juvinall and Kurt M. Marshek)

𝜙𝑛 = 250
𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜙𝑛 − 𝑓 𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝜆
ⅇ=
𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜙𝑛 + 𝑓𝑐𝑜𝑡𝜆
velocity ratio is calculated as:
𝑉𝑔
= 𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝜆 = tan (39.310 )
𝑉𝑤
𝑉𝑔
= 0.82
𝑉𝑤
𝑉𝑤
In order to calculate co-efficient friction of worm, we have following relation , 𝑉𝑠 =
𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜆

𝜋 ⅆ 𝑤 𝑛𝑤
𝑉𝑤 =
12
𝑛𝑤 = 1200𝑟𝑝𝑚
𝜋(8.91𝑚𝑚)(1200𝑟𝑝𝑚)(0.0033𝑓𝑡)
𝑉𝑤 =
1𝑚𝑚
ft
𝑉𝑤 = 110.84
min
𝑉𝑤
𝑉𝑠 =
𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜆
110.84
𝑉𝑠 =
𝑐𝑜𝑠 39.310
 ft
𝑉𝑠 = 143.25
min
From the graph between friction and sliding velocity (fig. 16.23) (Fundamental of Machine
component design 5th edition by Robert C. Juvinall and Kurt M. Marshek)
f = 0.049
𝑐𝑜𝑠(250 ) − 0.049 𝑡𝑎𝑛(39.310 )
ⅇ=
𝑐𝑜𝑠(250 ) + 0.049𝑐𝑜𝑡(39.310 )
ⅇ = 89.65 %

Power of Motor:
V
P = 𝑊𝑡 *
𝐶𝑠

𝐶𝑠 = service shock
𝐶𝑠 = 1.54 (Kurmi and Gupta, edition 2006)
𝑊𝑡 = 𝑇𝑎𝑛𝑔ⅇ𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑎𝑙 𝑙𝑜𝑎ⅆ 𝑜𝑛 𝑤𝑜𝑟𝑚 𝑔ⅇ𝑎𝑟 𝑡𝑜𝑜𝑡ℎ
𝑊𝑡−𝑔𝑒𝑎𝑟 = 𝐶𝑠 𝐶𝑚 𝐶𝑣 ⅆ𝑔 0.8 𝐹

𝐶𝑠 = 1000

𝐶𝑚 = 0.0200√−𝑚𝐺 2 + 40𝑚𝐺 − 76 + 0.46

𝑚𝐺 = 7
𝐶𝑚 = 0.708
ft 0.3048 m 1min
𝑉𝑡 = 143.25 * *
min 1ft 60s
m
𝑉𝑡 = 0.73
s

𝐶𝑣 = 0.659ⅇ −0.0011𝑉𝑡
𝐶𝑣 = 0.659ⅇ −0.0011(0.73)
𝐶𝑣 = 0.658
𝐹𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 0.67d = 0.67(8.91mm)
𝐹𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 5.97mm
𝑊𝑡 = 𝐶𝑠 𝐶𝑚 𝐶𝑣 ⅆ𝑔 0.8 𝐹
(1000)(0.708)(0.658)(51.09)0.8 (5.97)
𝑊𝑡−𝑔𝑒𝑎𝑟 =
75.948

𝑊𝑡−𝑔𝑒𝑎𝑟 = 851.89 N
𝑊𝑡−𝑔𝑒𝑎𝑟 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜙𝑛 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜆 − 𝑓 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜆
=
𝑊𝑡−𝑤𝑜𝑟𝑚 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜙𝑛 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜆 + 𝑓𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜆
Putting values, we get:
𝑊𝑡−𝑤𝑜𝑟𝑚 = 778.02 N
m
At V = 2.0
s
V
P = 𝑊𝑡 *
𝐶𝑠
m
2.0
s
P = 778.02 N *
1.54

P = 1.01 kW

Diameter of shaft:
ⅆ𝑔
𝑇𝑒 = 𝑊𝑡 *
2

51.02∗10−3 𝑚
𝑇𝑒 = 778.02 N *
2

𝑇𝑒 = 19.84 Nm
ⅆ3
𝑇𝑒 = 𝜋 ∗𝜏
16
(𝑑)3
19.84 = 𝜋 ∗ (210 ∗ (10)6 )
16

d = 7.84 mm (diameter on torsion basis)

Total weight on shaft = weight of blade + weight of gears
𝑊𝑔 = 0.0018𝑇𝐺 * b * 𝑚2

𝑊𝑔 = 0.00118 (18) * 20 * (3)2

𝑊𝑔 = 3.82 N
Total weight on shaft = 49.38 N + 3.82 N = 53.20 N
𝑊𝑇 𝐿 (53.20) (0.102)
M= = = 1.36 N
4 4

T = F * r = 49.38 N * 0.048 m = 2.37 Nm

ME = √𝑀2 + 𝑇 2

ME = √1.362 + 2.372 = 2.73 Nm

1 1
𝑀𝐸𝑞𝑢 = (M+ME) = (1.36 + 2.73) = 2.05 Nm
2 2
𝜋 𝜋
𝑀𝐸𝑞𝑢 = * 𝜎b * ⅆ 3 = * 30 ∗ 106 * ⅆ 3
32 32

d = 8.86 mm (diameter of shaft on base of bending moment)

Bearing:
From the Norton 4th edition, bearing number 6300 is selected as it has the bore size
10mm, C = 1400 and C0 = 850.
Only radial load is applied.
Designing for a 5% failure rate.
𝐶
L5 = K R ( ) 3
𝑃
1400 3
L5 = 0.62 ( )
11.94

L5 = 1 * (10)6 millions of revolutions

Material Selection:
In order to optimize (efficient work, maximum life, less frictional forces) the design of
shredder machine, it is very important to design with proper selection of the material. So,
here are the reasons why we have selected any material to design the require thing.
Spur Gear:
There are three factors that are most important when selecting a gear material. They are
strength, durability, and cost. The key to material selection is finding the right combination
of physical properties that satisfy the requirements of the project at the lowest cost. We
have selected steel material because as compare to other material like brass, bronze, cast
iron etc. steel have high strength to weight ratio, high resistance to wear, and cost
effectiveness.

Gear Box:
We have used worm gearbox and it functions like any system of gears; it alters torque and
speed between a driving device like a motor and a blade. It has the function of decreasing
speed and to increase torque. Material which is used for worm gear box is steel. The
efficiency of gear box is 89.6%.

Electric Motor:
The electric motor that we have selected is on the base of power that we have calculated
1.01kW. So, the motor specification is given below:
Three phase 4 pole AC induction motor
Power = 1.1kW
Speed = 1400rpm
Frequency = 50Hz
Low cost, high reliability and simple operation.

Shaft and bearing:

The rotating machine element that used to transmit power from one part to another part.
The standard material for a shaft that is used in industrial application cold rolled C1045
steel. So, I have selected this.
The bearing that I have selected is bearing number 6300 and having a bore size 10mm.
3-D Design:
Analysis:
Dynamic Analysis:
Static Analysis:
Topology Optimization:
Results and Discussion:

Type Maximum Minimum

Dynamic Analysis
Total deformation (mm) 22.16 0
Principal stress (MPa) 2146 0

Static Analysis
Total Deformation (mm) 0.000661 0
Elastic Strain (mm) 0.000516 1.50 x (10)-13

Topology Optimization
Topology Density 1.0 1.00x (10)-3

The analysis in tabular form gives the whole result that we get in Ansys 18.1. This give us
a picture of behavior of blade, gear. Much maximum stress occurs in a blade that is
unpredictable. There is very little deformation in gear and topology optimization help us
in maximizing the performance of machine.

Conclusion:
This project has given us an opportunity to learn design of model by performing
calculation. We also learn parts modelling, assemblies and as well as analyzing it precisely.
The successive model is that are design in less cost and give maximum efficiency. In order
to design the model, we have to think in every aspect.
Reference:

https://www.ijser.org/researchpaper/Design-and-Fabrication-of-Paper-Shredder-Machine.pdf

https://www.academia.edu/36638636/Design_and_Fabrication_of_Paper_Shredder_Machine

https://www.scribd.com/document/373431537/Review-of-Design-and-Fabrication-of-Paper-Shredder-
Machine

https://gearmotions.com/selection-of-g