The following measurements were taken in the closed polygon type traverse ABCD.

The sequence of the traverse points is given in the

clockwise direction. Given that that αAB = 44° 11' 17" and C = 10", compute the forward azimuth of all traverse legs.

Station Measured Angle

A 77° 34' 50" 77.58055556
B 126° 32' 30" 126.5416667
C 99° 31' 41" 99.52805556
D 56° 21' 05" 56.35138889
Σ 360° 0' 6" 360.0016667
Check 360° 0' 0" 360
Angular Misclosure 0° 0' 6" 0.00166667

Number of angles (n) 4

Constant 10.0000''
Allowed Tolerance 20.0000'' > miclosure (OK)
Sincle the allowed tolerance > actual miclosure we can go ahead and correct the angles

Station Measured Angle Correction Adjusted Angle

A 77° 34' 50" 77.58055556 -0° 0' 1.5" -0.000416667 77° 34' 48.5" 77.580139
B 126° 32' 30" 126.5416667 -0° 0' 1.5" -0.000416667 126° 32' 28.5" 126.541250
C 99° 31' 41" 99.52805556 -0° 0' 1.5" -0.000416667 99° 31' 39.5" 99.527639
D 56° 21' 05" 56.35138889 -0° 0' 1.5" -0.000416667 56° 21' 3.5" 56.350972
Σ 360° 0' 6" 360.0016667 -0° 0' 6" -0.001666667 360° 0' 0" 360
Check 360° 0' 0" 360 360° 0' 0" 360
Angular Misclosure 0° 0' 6" 0.00166667 0° 0' 0" 0.00000000 OK

Azimuth of AB 44° 11' 17"

Clockwise station order
Station/Course Adjusted Angle Azimuth Back Azimuth
AB 44° 11' 17" 44.18805556 224° 11' 17" 224.1880556
B 126° 32' 28.5" 126.541250
BC 97° 38' 48.5" 97.64680556 277° 38' 48.5" 277.6468056
C 99° 31' 39.5" 99.527639
CD 178° 7' 9" 178.1191667 358° 7' 9" 358.1191667
D 56° 21' 3.5" 56.350972
DA 301° 46' 5.5" 301.7681944 121° 46' 5.5" 121.7681944
A 77° 34' 48.5" 77.580139
AB 44° 11' 17" 44.18805556 224° 11' 17" 224.1880556
OK
Problem 7.2
Going counterclockwise with the points
Dep. Lat. Correction Corrected
Station/ Course L (m) Azimuth L sin α L cos α Dep. Lat. Dep. Lat. E N
A 100 200
AB 187.39 224° 11' 17" 224.1880556 -130.614 -134.369 0.0137 -0.0077 -130.600 -134.377
B -30.600 65.623
BC 233.59 277° 38' 48.5" 277.6468056 -231.513 31.083 0.0170 -0.0096 -231.496 31.073
C -262.096 96.697
CD 334.51 358° 7' 9" 358.1191667 -10.979 334.330 0.0244 -0.0137 -10.955 334.316
D -273.051 431.013
DA 438.75 121° 46' 5.5" 121.7681944 373.019 -230.995 0.0320 -0.0180 373.051 -231.013
Comp. A 100.000 200.000
Σ 1194.24 -0.087 0.049 0.087 -0.049 0.000 0.000
Must = Must = Eend comp. Nend comp.
0.087 -0.049 Must = 0 Must = Must =
Check Must = 0 (loop) Must = 0 (loop) Must = 0 (loop) (loop) Eend known Nend known
NG NG OK OK OK OK OK OK
1.
Linear Misclosure 0.100
Traverse Precision 0.100 1194.24 or 1 11942.4
2. See the table above
3. See the table above
A loop traverses ABCDE with a bearing on course DE of S74° 56' 40"E; and the angles shown on the following figure measured in the
clockwise direction. (1) Compute angular error, (2) adjust the angles, and (3) compute the bearings.

Station Measured Angle Correction Adjusted Angle

D 126° 30' 02" 126.5005556 -0° 0' 4" -0.001111111 126° 29' 58" 126.499444
C 48° 40' 50" 48.68055556 -0° 0' 4" -0.001111111 48° 40' 46" 48.679444
B 220° 10' 10" 220.1694444 -0° 0' 4" -0.001111111 220° 10' 6" 220.168333
A 50° 40' 30" 50.675 -0° 0' 4" -0.001111111 50° 40' 26" 50.673889
E 93° 58' 48" 93.98 -0° 0' 4" -0.001111111 93° 58' 44" 93.978889
Σ 540° 0' 20" 540.0055556 -0° 0' 20" -0.005555556 540° 0' 0" 540
Check 540° 0' 0" 540 540° 0' 0" 540
Angular
Misclosure 0° 0' 20" 0.00555556 0° 0' 0" 0.00000000

Bearing DE S74° 56' 40"E

Azimuth DE 105° 3' 20"

Counterclockwise station order

Station/Course Adjusted Angle Azimuth Back Azimuth
DE 105° 3' 20" 105.0555556 285° 3' 20" 285.0555556
D 126° 29' 58" 126.499444
DC 338° 33' 22" 338.5561111 158° 33' 22" 158.5561111
C 48° 40' 46" 48.679444
CB 289° 52' 36" 289.8766667 109° 52' 36" 109.8766667
B 220° 10' 6" 220.168333
BA 69° 42' 30" 69.70833333 249° 42' 30" 249.7083333
A 50° 40' 26" 50.673889
AE 19° 2' 4" 19.03444444 199° 2' 4" 199.0344444
E 93° 58' 44" 93.978889
ED 285° 3' 20" 285.0555556 105° 3' 20" 105.0555556
OK OK
3. The bearings
Course Azimuth Bearing
DE 105° 3' 20" S74° 56' 40"E
DC 338° 33' 22" N21° 26' 38"W
CB 289° 52' 36" N70° 7' 24"W
BA 69° 42' 30" N69° 42' 30"E
AE 19° 2' 4" N19° 2' 4"E
ED 285° 3' 20" N74° 56' 40"W
A loop traverse ABCDE with a bearing on course DE of S71° 42' 15"E; and the following angles: A = 60° 53' 30", B = 215° 58' 00", C= 65° 10'
10", D = 111° 00' 00", E = 86° 58' 45" measured in the clockwise direction. (1) Compute angular error, (2) adjust the angles, and (3) compute
the bearings.

Station Measured Angle Correction Adjusted Angle

D 111° 00' 00" 111 -0° 0' 5" -0.001388889 110° 59' 55" 110.998611
C 65° 10' 10" 65.16944444 -0° 0' 5" -0.001388889 65° 10' 5" 65.168056
B 215° 58' 00" 215.9666667 -0° 0' 5" -0.001388889 215° 57' 55" 215.965278
A 60° 53' 30" 60.89166667 -0° 0' 5" -0.001388889 60° 53' 25" 60.890278
E 86° 58' 45" 86.97916667 -0° 0' 5" -0.001388889 86° 58' 40" 86.977778
Σ 540° 0' 25" 540.0069444 -0° 0' 25" -0.006944444 540° 0' 0" 540
Check 540° 0' 0" 540 540° 0' 0" 540
Angular
Misclosure 0° 0' 25" 0.00694444 0° 0' 0" 0.00000000

Bearing DE S71° 42' 15"E

Azimuth DE 108° 17' 45"

Counterclockwise station order

Station/Course Adjusted Angle Azimuth Back Azimuth
DE 108° 17' 45" 108.2958333 288° 17' 45" 288.2958333
D 110° 59' 55" 110.998611
DC 357° 17' 50" 357.2972222 177° 17' 50" 177.2972222
C 65° 10' 5" 65.168056
CB 292° 7' 45" 292.1291667 112° 7' 45" 112.1291667
B 215° 57' 55" 215.965278
BA 76° 9' 50" 76.16388889 256° 9' 50" 256.1638889
A 60° 53' 25" 60.890278
AE 15° 16' 25" 15.27361111 195° 16' 25" 195.2736111
E 86° 58' 40" 86.977778
ED 288° 17' 45" 288.2958333 108° 17' 45" 108.2958333
OK OK
3. The bearings
Course Azimuth Bearing
DE 108° 17' 45" S71° 42' 15"E
DC 357° 17' 50" N2° 42' 10"W
CB 292° 7' 45" N67° 52' 15"W
BA 76° 9' 50" N76° 9' 50"E
AE 15° 16' 25" N15° 16' 25"E
ED 288° 17' 45" N71° 42' 15"W
A loop traverse ABCDE with a bearing on course DE of S88° 50' 30"E; and the following angles: A = 46° 20' 20", B = 231° 30' 10", C= 61° 00'
10", D = 100° 30' 30", E = 100° 39' 40" measured in the clockwise direction. (1) Compute angular error, (2) adjust the angles, and (3) compute
the bearings.

Station Measured Angle Correction Adjusted Angle

D 100° 30' 30" 100.5083333 -0° 0' 10" -0.002777778 100° 30' 20" 100.505556
C 61° 00' 10" 61.00277778 -0° 0' 10" -0.002777778 61° 0' 0" 61.000000
B 231° 30' 10" 231.5027778 -0° 0' 10" -0.002777778 231° 29' 60" 231.500000
A 46° 20' 20" 46.33888889 -0° 0' 10" -0.002777778 46° 20' 10" 46.336111
E 100° 39' 40" 100.6611111 -0° 0' 10" -0.002777778 100° 39' 30" 100.658333
Σ 540° 0' 50" 540.0138889 -0° 0' 50" -0.013888889 540° 0' 0" 540
Check 540° 0' 0" 540 540° 0' 0" 540
Angular
Misclosure 0° 0' 50" 0.01388889 0° 0' 0" 0.00000000

Bearing DE S88° 50' 30"E

Azimuth DE 91° 9' 30"

Counterclockwise station order

Station/Course Adjusted Angle Azimuth Back Azimuth
DE 91° 9' 30" 91.15833333 271° 9' 30" 271.1583333
D 100° 30' 20" 100.505556
DC 350° 39' 10" 350.6527778 170° 39' 10" 170.6527778
C 61° 0' 0" 61.000000
CB 289° 39' 10" 289.6527778 109° 39' 10" 109.6527778
B 231° 29' 60" 231.500000
BA 58° 9' 10" 58.15277778 238° 9' 10" 238.1527778
A 46° 20' 10" 46.336111
AE 11° 49' 0" 11.81666667 191° 49' 0" 191.8166667
E 100° 39' 30" 100.658333
ED 271° 9' 30" 271.1583333 91° 9' 30" 91.15833333
OK OK
3. The bearings
Course Azimuth Bearing
DE 91° 9' 30" S88° 50' 30"E
DC 350° 39' 10" N9° 20' 50"W
CB 289° 39' 10" N70° 20' 50"W
BA 58° 9' 10" N58° 9' 10"E
AE 11° 49' 0" N11° 48' 60"E
ED 271° 9' 30" N88° 50' 30"W
A loop traverses ABCDE with field measurements as shown in the adjacent figure. Station E is located at coordinates N 100.00, E 1400.00.
Course DE has a known bearing of S84°50'00"E.
(1) Compute the angular misclosure error; (2) adjust the angles; (3) compute azimuths; (4) compute the latitudes and departures; (5)
compute the linear misclosure error; (6) compute the accuracy; (7) compute the corrections to latitudes and departures; (8) compute the
adjusted latitudes and departures; (9) compute the final coordinates of unknown stations.

Station Measured Angle Correction Adjusted Angle

D 107° 19' 43" 107.3286111 0° 0' 0" 0 107° 19' 43" 107.328611
C 59° 24' 12" 59.40333333 0° 0' 0" 0 59° 24' 12" 59.403333
B 212° 28' 15" 212.4708333 0° 0' 0" 0 212° 28' 15" 212.470833
A 68° 50' 20" 68.83888889 0° 0' 0" 0 68° 50' 20" 68.838889
E 91° 57' 30" 91.95833333 0° 0' 0" 0 91° 57' 30" 91.958333
Σ 540° 0' 0" 540 0° 0' 0" 0 540° 0' 0" 540
Check 540° 0' 0" 540 540° 0' 0" 540
Angular
Misclosure 0° 0' 0" 0.00000000 0° 0' 0" 0.00000000

Bearing DE S84° 50' 00"E

Azimuth DE 95° 10' 0"

Counterclockwise station order

Station/Course Adjusted Angle Azimuth Back Azimuth
DE 95° 10' 0" 95.16666667 275° 10' 0" 275.1666667
D 107° 19' 43" 107.328611
DC 347° 50' 17" 347.8380556 167° 50' 17" 167.8380556
C 59° 24' 12" 59.403333
CB 108° 26' 5" 108.4347222 288° 26' 5" 288.4347222
B 212° 28' 15" 212.470833
BA 75° 57' 50" 75.96388889 255° 57' 50" 255.9638889
A 68° 50' 20" 68.838889
AE 187° 7' 30" 187.125 7° 7' 30" 7.125
E 91° 57' 30" 91.958333
ED 275° 10' 0" 275.1666667 95° 10' 0" 95.16666667
 OK OK

Dep. Lat. Correction Corrected

Station/ Course L (m) Azimuth L sin α L cos α Dep. Lat. Dep. Lat. E N
D 1400 100
DC 711.980 347° 50' 17" 347.8380556 -149.997 696.000 -0.0026 0.0002 -150.000 696.000
C 1250.000 796.000
CB 632.470 108° 26' 5" 108.4347222 600.015 -200.002 -0.0023 0.0002 600.013 -200.002
B 1850.013 595.998
BA 824.570 75° 57' 50" 75.96388889 799.951 199.986 -0.0030 0.0002 799.948 199.986
A 2649.961 795.985
AE 806.190 187° 7' 30" 187.125 -99.995 -799.965 -0.0029 0.0002 -99.998 -799.965
E 2549.963 -3.980
ED 1154.650 275° 10' 0" 275.1666667 -1149.959 103.980 -0.0042 0.0003 -1149.963 103.980
Comp. D 1400.000 100.000
Σ 4129.860 0.015 -0.001 -0.015 0.001 0.000 0.000
Eend comp. Nend comp.
Check Must = Must = Must = 0 Must = 0 Must = Must =
Must = 0 (loop) Must = 0 (loop) -0.015 0.001 (loop) (loop) Eend known Nend known
NG NG OK OK OK OK OK OK

Linear Misclosure 0.015

Traverse Precision 0.015 4129.86 or 1 275324
In the traverse figure below, calculate the angular misclosure error, and balance the traverse angles.

Station Measured Angle Correction Adjusted Angle

A 96° 03' 34" 96.05944444 -0° 0' 3" -0.000833333 96° 3' 31" 96.058611
E 67° 5' 33" 67.0925 -0° 0' 3" -0.000833333 67° 5' 30" 67.091667
D 216° 19' 34" 216.3261111 -0° 0' 3" -0.000833333 216° 19' 31" 216.325278
C 65° 13' 13" 65.22027778 -0° 0' 3" -0.000833333 65° 13' 10" 65.219444
B 95° 18' 21" 95.30583333 -0° 0' 3" -0.000833333 95° 18' 18" 95.305000
Σ 540° 0' 15" 540.0041667 -0° 0' 15" -0.004166667 540° 0' 0" 540
Check 540° 0' 0" 540 540° 0' 0" 540
Angular
Misclosure 0° 0' 15" 0.00416667 0° 0' 0" 0.00000000
Starting Azimuth A-Fox 149° 14' 27" 149.2408333
Last Azimuth E-Rabbit 331° 13' 35" 331.2263889

Measured Angle Value

A 305° 17' 50" 305.2972222
B 151° 10' 21" 151.1725
C 210° 06' 29" 210.1080556
D 148° 09' 56" 148.1655556
E 87° 14' 22" 87.23944444
Σ 901° 58' 58" 901.9827778

Misclosure -0.002777778 -0° 0' 10"

Measured
Angle Value Correction Corrected Angle
A 305° 17' 50" 305.2972222 0° 0' 2" 0.00055556 305° 17' 52" 305.2977778
B 151° 10' 21" 151.1725 0° 0' 2" 0.00055556 151° 10' 23" 151.1730556
C 210° 06' 29" 210.1080556 0° 0' 2" 0.00055556 210° 6' 31" 210.1086111
D 148° 09' 56" 148.1655556 0° 0' 2" 0.00055556 148° 9' 58" 148.1661111
E 87° 14' 22" 87.23944444 0° 0' 2" 0.00055556 87° 14' 24" 87.24
Σ 901° 58' 58" 901.9827778 0° 0' 10" 0.00277778 901° 59' 8" 901.9855556
 Misclosure 0 0° 0' 0"

Station/Course Adjusted Angle Azimuth Back Azimuth

A-Fox 149° 14' 27" 149.240833
A 305° 17' 52" 305.297778
AB 94° 32' 19" 94.5386111 274° 32' 19" 274.5386111
B 151° 10' 23" 151.173056
BC 65° 42' 42" 65.7116667 245° 42' 42" 245.7116667
C 210° 6' 31" 210.108611
CD 95° 49' 13" 95.8202778 275° 49' 13" 275.8202778
D 148° 9' 58" 148.166111
DE 63° 59' 11" 63.9863889 243° 59' 11" 243.9863889
E 87° 14' 24" 87.240000
Computed E-FIN 331° 13' 35" 331.226389 OK
The latitudes of a closed traverse failed to close by -0.27m, and the departures failed to close by +0.55m. The sum of the horizontal
traverse distances is 8930.27m. What is the error of closure? Express the error of closure as a ratio.

Latitudes misclosure -0.270 m

Departures misclosure 0.550 m
Linear Misclosure 0.613 m
Traverse Precision 0.613 m 8930.270 m or 1 14568
In the traverse shown in the following figure, the azimuths are calculated from balanced angles. The coordinates for control point A are 1,000E and 1000N.
(1) Calculate the latitudes and departures for each course in this traverse.
(2) Perform a compass rule adjustment on the latitudes and departures in and list the balanced latitude and departure for each course.
(3) Calculate adjusted azimuths, distances, and coordinates for the traverse.

Going counterclockwise with the points

Dep. Lat. Correction Corrected
Station/ Course L (m) Bearing Azimuth L sin α L cos α Dep. Lat. Dep. Lat. E N
A 1000 1000
AB 3260.17 S 46° 11' 57" E 133° 48' 3" 133.8008333 2353.028 -2256.539 0.0265 -0.0184 2353.055 -2256.557
B 3353.055 -1256.557
BC 2700.24 N 49° 06' 25" E 49° 06' 25" 49.10694444 2041.2 1767.71 0.0219 -0.0153 2041.222 1767.695
C 5394.276 511.137
CD 1987.93 N 65° 40' 27" W 294° 19' 33" 294.3258333 -1811.437 818.879 0.0161 -0.0112 -1811.421 818.868
D 3582.856 1330.005
DE 1998.08 N 29° 20' 57" W 330° 39' 3" 330.6508333 -979.32 1741.624 0.0162 -0.0113 -979.304 1741.613
E 2603.552 3071.618
EA 2619.73 S 37° 44' 33" W 217° 44' 33" 217.7425 -1603.573 -2071.603 0.0213 -0.0148 -1603.552 -2071.618
Comp. A 1000.000 1000.000
Σ 12566.15 -0.102 0.071 0.102 -0.071 0.000 0.000
Eend comp. Nend comp.
Check Must = 0 Must = 0 Must = Must = Must = 0 Must = 0 Must = Must =
(loop) (loop) 0.102 -0.071 (loop) (loop) Eend known Nend known
NG NG OK OK OK OK OK OK

Another version of the question: Going clockwise with the points

Dep. Lat. Correction Corrected
Station/ Course L (m) Bearing Azimuth L sin α L cos α Dep. Lat. Dep. Lat. E N
A 1000 1000
AE 2619.73 N37° 44' 33"E 37° 44' 33" 37.7425 1603.573 2071.603 -0.0213 0.0148 1603.552 2071.618
E 2603.552 3071.618
ED 1998.08 S29° 20' 57"E 150° 39' 3" 150.6508333 979.32 -1741.624 -0.0162 0.0113 979.304 -1741.613
D 3582.856 1330.005
DC 1987.93 S65° 40' 27"E 114° 19' 33" 114.3258333 1811.437 -818.879 -0.0161 0.0112 1811.421 -818.868
C 5394.276 511.137
CB 2700.24 S49° 6' 25"W 229° 6' 25" 229.1069444 -2041.2 -1767.71 -0.0219 0.0153 -2041.222 -1767.695
B 3353.055 -1256.557
BA 3260.17 N46° 11' 57"W 313° 48' 3" 313.8008333 -2353.028 2256.539 -0.0265 0.0184 -2353.055 2256.557
Comp. A 1000.000 1000.000
S 12566.15 0.102 -0.071 -0.102 0.071 0.000 0.000
Eend comp. Nend comp.
Check Must = 0 Must = 0 Must = Must = Must = 0 Must = 0 Must = Must =
(loop) (loop) -0.102 0.071 (loop) (loop) Eend known Nend known
NG NG OK OK OK OK OK OK
A random traverse is run from points A to F, as shown in the accompanying figure. Compute the length and bearing of
a straight line from F to A.

Course Length Departure Latitude

Side L (m) Bearing Azimuth ∆E ∆N
AB 333.370 N71° 31' 00"E 71° 31' 00" 316.1734137 105.6878867
BC 118.640 S77° 16' 00"E 102° 44' 0" 115.7222245 -26.14988257
CD 194.520 N65° 18' 00"E 65° 18' 00" 176.7230107 81.2835032
DE 148.770 S83° 27' 00"E 96° 32' 60" 147.7989319 -16.97022746
EF 416.320 S70° 32' 00"E 109° 28' 0" 392.5212889 -138.7421355
FA ? ? ? ∆EFA ∆NFA
Σ Must = 0 (loop) Must = 0 (loop)

For a loop traverse Σ∆E=0

∆EFA -1148.939 m
∆NFA -5.109 m
Length of FA 1148.950 m
Azimuth of FA 269° 44' 42.78"
Bearing of FA S89° 44' 42.78"W
Determine the length and bearing of side BC of the traverse shown in the figure. The lengths and bearings of the other
sides are known.

Course Length Departure Latitude

Side L (m) Bearing Azimuth ∆E ∆N
CD 234.320 S43° 18' 00"W 223° 18' 0" -160.7009565 -170.5317126
DA 406.900 N82° 36' 00"W 277° 23' 60" -403.510996 52.40692825
AB 310.200 N57° 10' 00"E 57° 10' 00" 260.6459558 168.189553
BC ? ? ? ∆EFA ∆NFA
Σ Must = 0 (loop) Must = 0 (loop)

For a loop traverse Σ∆E=0

∆EFA 303.566 m
∆NFA -50.065 m
Length of FA 307.667 m
Azimuth of FA 99° 21' 54.16"
Bearing of FA S80° 38' 5.84"E
 Station Measured Angle Correction Adjusted Angle
Snake 100° 39' 40" 100.6611111 -0° 0' 10" -0.002777778 100° 39' 30" 100.658333
Bush 46° 20' 20" 46.33888889 -0° 0' 10" -0.002777778 46° 20' 10" 46.336111
Mouse 231° 30' 10" 231.5027778 -0° 0' 10" -0.002777778 231° 30' 0" 231.500000
Rat 61° 00' 10" 61.00277778 -0° 0' 10" -0.002777778 61° 0' 0" 61.000000
Rabbit 100° 30' 30" 100.5083333 -0° 0' 10" -0.002777778 100° 30' 20" 100.505556
Σ 540° 0' 50" 540.0138889 -0° 0' 50" -0.013888889 540° 0' 0" 540
Check 540° 0' 0" 540 540° 0' 0" 540
Angular Misclosure 0° 0' 50" 0.01388889 0° 0' 0" 0.00000000 OK

Rabbit-Snake Bearing S88° 50' 30"E

Rabbit-Snake Azimuth 91° 9' 30"

Counterclockwise station order

Station/Course Adjusted Angle Azimuth Back Azimuth
Rabbit-Snake 91° 9' 30" 91.15833333 271° 9' 30" 271.1583333
Snake 100° 39' 30" 100.658333
Snake-Bush 11° 49' 0" 11.8166667 191° 49' 0" 191.8166667
Bush 46° 20' 10" 46.336111
Bush-Mouse 238° 9' 10" 238.152778 58° 9' 10" 58.15277778
Mouse 231° 30' 0" 231.500000
Mouse-Rat 289° 39' 10" 289.652778 109° 39' 10" 109.6527778
Rat 61° 0' 0" 61.000000
Rat-Rabbit 170° 39' 10" 170.652778 350° 39' 10" 350.6527778
Rabbit 100° 30' 20" 100.505556
Rabbit-Snake 91° 9' 30" 91.1583333 271° 9' 30" 271.1583333

OK OK
Clockwise station order
Station/Course Adjusted Angle Azimuth Back Azimuth
Rabbit-Snake 91° 9' 30" 91.15833333 271° 9' 30" 271.1583333
Rabbit 100° 30' 20" 100.505556
Rabbit-Rat 350° 39' 10" 350.6527778 170° 39' 10" 170.6527778
Rat 61° 0' 0" 61.000000
Rat-Mouse 109° 39' 10" 109.6527778 289° 39' 10" 289.6527778
Mouse 231° 30' 0" 231.500000
Mouse-Bush 58° 9' 10" 58.15277778 238° 9' 10" 238.1527778
Bush 46° 20' 10" 46.336111
Bush-Snake 191° 48' 60" 191.8166667 11° 48' 60" 11.81666667
Snake 100° 39' 30" 100.658333
Snake-Rabbit 271° 9' 30" 271.1583333 91° 9' 30" 91.15833333
 Line Azimuth Distance (m) ∆E (m) ∆N (m)
AB 41.0000° 103.285 67.761 77.950
BC 91.0015° 88.103 88.090 -1.540 tan-1 -88.9985
CD 184.9963° 76.701 -6.680 -76.410 tan-1 4.996273
DA 270.0000° 149.171 -149.171 0.000
0.000 0.000 linear misclosure exist

Point E (m) N(m) ∆E (m) ∆N (m)

A 100 100
67.761 77.950
B 167.761 177.950
88.09 -1.54
C 255.851 176.410
-6.68 -76.41
D 249.171 100.000
-149.171 0.000
Recalc A 100.000 100.000
Calculate the angular misclosure and course azimuths

Starting Azimuth A-Fox 149° 14' 27" 149.2408333

Last Azimuth E-Rabbit 331° 13' 35" 331.2263889

Measured Angle Value

A 305° 17' 50" 305.2972222
B 151° 10' 21" 151.1725
C 210° 06' 29" 210.1080556
D 148° 09' 56" 148.1655556
E 87° 14' 22" 87.23944444
Σ 901° 58' 58" 901.9827778

Misclosure -0.002777778 -0° 0' 10"

Measured
Angle Value Correction Corrected Angle
A 305° 17' 50" 305.2972222 0° 0' 2" 0.00055556 305° 17' 52" 305.2977778
B 151° 10' 21" 151.1725 0° 0' 2" 0.00055556 151° 10' 23" 151.1730556
C 210° 06' 29" 210.1080556 0° 0' 2" 0.00055556 210° 6' 31" 210.1086111
D 148° 09' 56" 148.1655556 0° 0' 2" 0.00055556 148° 9' 58" 148.1661111
E 87° 14' 22" 87.23944444 0° 0' 2" 0.00055556 87° 14' 24" 87.24
Σ 901° 58' 58" 901.9827778 0° 0' 10" 0.00277778 901° 59' 8" 901.9855556

Misclosure 0 0° 0' 0"

Station/Course Adjusted Angle Azimuth Back Azimuth
A-Fox 149° 14' 27" 149.240833
A 305° 17' 52" 305.297778
AB 94° 32' 19" 94.5386111 274° 32' 19" 274.5386111
B 151° 10' 23" 151.173056
BC 65° 42' 42" 65.7116667 245° 42' 42" 245.7116667
C 210° 6' 31" 210.108611
CD 95° 49' 13" 95.8202778 275° 49' 13" 275.8202778
D 148° 9' 58" 148.166111
DE 63° 59' 11" 63.9863889 243° 59' 11" 243.9863889
E 87° 14' 24" 87.240000
Computed E-FIN 331° 13' 35" 331.226389 OK
 Angle
Leg Bearing Azimuth Back Azimuth Angle Correction Corrected Angle
Mouse-Fox S23° 37' 15"E 156° 22' 45" 336° 22' 45"
Fox (CW) 271° 37' 60" -0° 0' 9" 271° 37' 51"
Fox-A 248° 0' 45" 68° 0' 45"
A (CW) 116° 52' 45" -0° 0' 9" 116° 52' 36"
AB 184° 53' 30" 4° 53' 30"
B (CW) 93° 46' 15" -0° 0' 9" 93° 46' 6"
B-Rat 98° 39' 45" 278° 39' 45"
Rat (CW) 176° 10' 0" -0° 0' 9" 176° 9' 51"
Rat-Duck (computed) 94° 49' 45"
Rat-Duck (given) S85° 10' 51"E 94° 49' 9"
Misclosure 0° 0' 36"

Recalculate Azimuths
Corrected
Leg Bearing Azimuth Back Azimuth Angle
Mouse-Fox S23° 37' 15"E 156° 22' 45" 336° 22' 45" 271° 37' 51"

Fox-A 248° 0' 36" 68° 0' 36" 116° 52' 36"

AB 184° 53' 12" 4° 53' 12" 93° 46' 6"

B-Rat 98° 39' 18" 278° 39' 18" 176° 9' 51"

Rat-Duck (computed) 94° 49' 9"

Rat-Duck (given) S85° 10' 51"E 94° 49' 9"
Misclosure 0° 0' 0" OK
General Solution Steps:
1. Calculate azimuths of lines
2. Angular misclosure = Calculated azimuth of last line – given azimuth of last line
3. Correction to each angle = - Angular misclosure / No. of angles
4. In case of CW angle:
Corrected CW Angle = Original CW Angle + Correction
In case of CCW angle:
Corrected CCW Angle = Original CCW Angle - Correction
5. Recalculate azimuths again and recalculate the misclosure again (if calculations were OK, then misclosure must equal to zero)
 Back Angle Corrected
Leg Bearing Azimuth Azimuth Angle Correction Angle
Swaihan-A S30° 45' 33"E 149° 14' 27" 329° 14' 27"
A (CW) 267° 19' 39" 0° 0' 6" 267° 19' 45" correction added
AB 236° 34' 6" 56° 34' 6"
B (CW) 144° 31' 14" 0° 0' 6" 144° 31' 20" correction added
BC 201° 5' 20" 21° 5' 20"
C (CW) 126° 12' 18" 0° 0' 6" 126° 12' 24" correction added
CD 147° 17' 38" 327° 17' 38"
D (CW) 141° 24' 25" 0° 0' 6" 141° 24' 31" correction added
DE 108° 42' 3" 288° 42' 3"
E (CW) 205° 30' 40" 0° 0' 6" 205° 30' 46" correction added
E-Nahel (computed) 134° 12' 43"
E-Nahel (given) S45° 46' 47"E 134° 13' 13"
Misclosure -0° 0' 30" 884.971111

Recalculate Azimuths
Back Corrected
Leg Bearing Azimuth Azimuth Angle 50° 0' 12" 30° 45' 33"
Swaihan-A S30° 45' 33"E 149° 14' 27" 329° 14' 27"
A (CW) 267° 19' 45"
AB 236° 34' 12" 56° 34' 12"
B (CW) 144° 31' 20"
BC 201° 5' 32" 21° 5' 32"
C (CW) 126° 12' 24"
CD 147° 17' 56" 327° 17' 56"
D (CW) 141° 24' 31"
DE 108° 42' 27" 288° 42' 27"
E (CW) 205° 30' 46"
E-Nahel (computed) 134° 13' 13"
E-Nahel (given) S45° 46' 47"E 134° 13' 13"
Misclosure 0° 0' 0"
 Azimuth Dep. Lat. Correction Corrected
Station/ Course L (m) DMS Decimal L sin a L cos a Dep. Lat. Dep. Lat.
Swaihan
Swaihan-A 326.34 149° 14' 27" 149.2408333 166.9 -280.432 -0.0338 -0.0378 166.866 -280.470
A
AB 261.37 236° 34' 12" 236.57 -218.129 -143.993 -0.0271 -0.0302 -218.156 -144.023
B
BC 252.95 201° 5' 32" 201.0922222 -91.029 -236.003 -0.0262 -0.0293 -91.055 -236.032
C
CD 276.05 147° 17' 56" 147.2988889 149.138 -232.296 -0.0286 -0.0319 149.109 -232.328
D
DE 211.15 108° 42' 27" 108.7075 199.995 -67.724 -0.0219 -0.0244 199.973 -67.748
E
E-Nahel 313.96 134° 13' 13" 134.2202778 225.004 -218.962 -0.0325 -0.0363 224.972 -218.998
Comp. Nahel
Given Nahel
Sum 1641.82 431.879 -1179.41 -0.1701 -0.190 431.709 -1179.600
Must Equal Must Equal Must Equal Must Equal Must Equal Must Equal
431.709 -1179.600 -0.170 -0.190 431.709 -1179.600
Misclosure 0.170 0.190 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
NG NG OK OK OK OK
General Solution Steps:
1. Calculate azimuths of lines
2. Angular misclosure = Calculated azimuth of last line – given azimuth of last line
3. Correction to each angle = - Angular misclosure / No. of angles
4. In case of CW angle:
Corrected CW Angle = Original CW Angle + Correction
In case of CCW angle:
Corrected CCW Angle = Original CCW Angle - Correction
5. Recalculate azimuths again and recalculate the misclosure again (if calculations were OK, then misclosure must equal to zero)

-0° 0' 30"

 E N
100 1500

266.866 1219.530

48.710 1075.507

-42.345 839.475

106.764 607.147

306.737 539.398

531.709 320.400
531.709 320.400

OK OK