Binalonan, Pangasinan

MODULE 6
PAINTING
Course Title: Art Appreciation
Course Code: GE 6

Name: __________________________________________________________
Course and Year: ________________________
Contact Number: ________________________

Introduction
This module deals with the definition, mediums, and tools of painting. It also enumerates notable painters and their contributions in
this field.

I. Objectives
At the end of the end of this module, students should be able to:
a. Describe the basic techniques and mediums of painting
b. Create their own paintings based on their own emotions, ideas and perceptions
c. Analyze such paintings of famous painters and point out the meaning or messages behind these artworks

II. Lecture
PAINTING

PAINTING – the art of applying pigments to a surface in order to present a picture of the subject

Different mediums are used in painting. Each medium exerts a pronounced effect on the finished product, is capable of treatment, and
determines its own stroke.

The materials of the painter are pigments applied to wet plaster, canvas, wood, or paper.

PIGMENT

Any group of compounds that are intensely colored and are used to color
other material.

These pigments are insoluble and are applied not as solutions but as finely
ground solid particles mixed with a liquid.

MEDIUM It comes from the Latin word medium, denotes the means by which an arts communicates his idea. These are the materials
which are used by an artist to interpret his feelings or thoughts.

Many mediums have been used in creating different works of art.

 The architects uses wood, bamboo, bricks, stone, concrete , and various building
materials.
 The painter uses pigments on wood or canvas to recreate reality of nature.
 A sculptor uses steel, marble, bronze, metal, and wood.
 A musician uses sound and instrument and
 A literary writer uses words in literature.

Thus medium is very essential in arts.

MEDIUM USED IN PAINTING:

1. OIL – Oil painting is done with the use of ground pigments (from
minerals, coal tar, vegetable matter) mixed with linseed oil and
turpentine or thinner. Many painters prefer this medium because oil
paintings are long-lasting, slow in drying, easy to handle and
manipulate texturally and capable of being corrected.

OIL PAINTS ARE APPLIED IN EITHER OF TWO WAYS:

A. DIRECT METHOD – in which the paints are opaque and once they applied on the surface, they dry up and give the finished product its
final appearance

B. INDIRECT METHOD – in which the paints are transparent and they are applied in many thin layers or coatings

OIL PAINTERS AND THEIR WORKS

1. FERNANDO AMORSOLO : Farmer, 2. VICENTE MANANSALA: Prayer before 3. TAM AUSTRIA: Fisherman’s Family
Angelus, Countryside Scene, Barrio Fiesta, Meals, Fruit Vendor with Twin Sons

Tinikling Dance

4. LITO BALAGTAS:

Philippine
Madonna
and Child

2. FRESCO (Italian for fresh) PAINTING– it is done with the use of earth pigments mixed with water and applied to fresh plaster or glue
which attaches the color to the surface like a wall. Sample of fresco paintings are found in the ceiling of the Sistene Chapel in Rome.

*buon fresco or true fresco – when the plaster is wet

*fresco secco or dry fresco – when the plaster is dry

ADVANTAGE: Fresco paintings have durability.

DISADVANTAGES:

 It is an exacting medium because it is quick to dry so the painter must be a fast work and because it is difficult to correct.
 Fresco paintings are not movable because they are permanently attached to the walls.
 Fresco paintings are subject to loss in the event that the walls are destroyed.
 STEPS AND PROCESS OF FRESCO PAINTING

1. SCAFFOLDING – Iron is basically the most recommended one. But any durable material available in the surrounding like bamboo can
also be used.

2. PLASTERING – This is the time to prepare the wall; it must be rough so that plaster can stick to out. Small axe can do the roughing of
the wall.

3. ARRICIO – This is a type of plaster, a second coating applied I to the entire wall where fresco is done.

4. SINOPIA – As Arricio is already applied and the wall is now ready for painting, artist make an outline of the intended image to come ip.
In this stage of the fresco painting, sinopia is used. The word comes from sinop , a Turkish city; it is red-brown earth like color of pigment
used under the painting for its fresco.

5. INTONACO –This is a final preparation for the actual painting. It is an Italian word, a very thin layer of plaster after the arricio.

6. PAINTING – as the plaster is still wet, the paint is applied. It is very delicate because in two to four hours the plaster begins to dry.

7. SECCO – the Italian word for dry; this is the finishing touches of the fresco painting.

FRESCO PAINTERS AND THEIR WORKS

1. MICHELANGELO BUONAROTTI – he 2. RAPHAEL (Raffaello Sanzio) 3. MASACCIO (Jacopo Robusti)

was commissioned by Pope Julius II to
work on these frescoes, which included A leading figure of Italian High Renaissance .His paintings include Vulcan
“The Creation of Man” , “The Fall of Man” classicism, Raphael is best known for his Surprising Venus and Mars the
and other biblical event. "Madonnas," including the Sistine Madonna, and Mannerist Christ and the Adulteress
for his large figure compositions in the Palace of and his masterpiece, the Last Supper
the Vatican in Rome. of San Giorgio Maggiore.

4. MASSACIO (Tommaso di Ser Giovanni di Simone Cassai) - was 5. LEONARDO DA VINCI – he experimented on his fresco
a Florentine artist who is regarded as the first great Italian painter painting, “The Last Supper” but his attempt as a failure in the sense
of the Quattrocento period of the Italian Renaissance.

Payment of the Tribute Money

that it was destroyed several times and was restored seven times
3. WATER COLOR – Water color painting is done with the use of GOUACHE – an opaque watercolor
pigments mixed with water and applied to fine white paper. Besides produced by grinding opaque colors with
white paper, cambric, parchment, ivory and silk can be used as water and combining them with a
surface or preparation of gum and adding Chinese
ground. white to transparent watercolors.

It has a sober
and fresh quality
which fits well to
a dramatic
purpose of the artist.

BLUE BOY - PICASSO

4. TEMPERA – Tempera painting is done with the use of

ground pigments mixed with an albuminous or colloidal
vehicle (egg yolk, gum, glue or casein).

ADVANTAGES:

 Being an emulsion, tempera readily dries with

evaporation of water.
 Its effect on the wooden panel, its ground or
surface - luminosity of tone.
DISADVANTAGES:

 It allows little blending or fusing of colors.

 It is quick-drying.

5. PASTEL – Pastel painting is done with the use of

pastel colors closely resembling dry pigments bound to
form crayons, which are directly applied to the surface,
oftentimes paper.
Pastel is a stick consisting of color pigment in powder and
a binder. The binder in a neutral hue while the color
pigment is the same with those in other type of painting
medium like oil. The word pastel comes from paste.
A very recent and very flexible medium, pastel is not
popular among artists because it is difficult to preserve a pastel painting due to the tendency of the chalk to rub off.
THREE TYPES OF PASTEL:
1. SOFT PASTEL – its content has more coloring pigment than binder that helps artist produce a brighter result.
2. HARD PASTEL – has more binder than color pigment. Because it applies less coloring pigment, it results to a duller appearance on
paper. It sticks much to the paper.
3. PASTEL PENCIL –this hard coloring rolled into a rod and incased in a wooden box.

6. ACRYLIC – Acrylic painting is done with the use of synthetic paints called acrylics mixed with a vehicle capable of being thinned with
water.
 Acrylic emulsion or polymer serves as its binding agent.
 One of the most widely used mediums today due to its availability in the market, acrylic paint possessed the flexibility of oil and
the transparency and the fast-drying availability of water color.
 Moreover, it is soluble to water, it can be applied on
almost all surfaces, and it has no tendency to crack
and to darken or yellow with age.
7. ENCAUSTIC – Encaustic painting is done with the
use of hot wax as a vehicle to bind pigments to a
wooden panel or wall.
 Although it has the advantage of durability with
its colors remaining vibrant and its surface
maintain a hard luster, encaustic is not a
popular medium among painters because it is
difficult to manipulate.
 The ancient Egyptians, Greeks and Romans
adorned their sculptures and walls with
encaustic paint

*MURAL PAINTING: This is an art of painting, but unlike the traditional one where the finished result of of an artist is the framed uppicture
in a canvas, the finished product of a muralist is the artwork on the wall of a building.
A mural is also called a wall painting. The muralist used the wall as his medium although on matters of other instruments it is not different
from the other.

First Mass in the Philippines, Inang Bayan, Vicente Manansala

Carlos “Botong” Francisco

TOOLS:

Just like any worker, a painter makes use of several tools in completing his work. These include the brush or brushes, the palette, the
palette knife or spatula, and the easel.
Canvass – the most chosen flat instrument painters had chosen.
Palette – the one that contains or holds the painting medium.
Palette knife – used to mixed colors on the palette and sometimes to add colors to and to scrape or remove colors from the surface
Easel – the frame that supports the painting; it usually has three legs.
III. APPLICATION/ACTIVITY
A. ART ANALYSIS
Instructions:
Answer the following questions in your own words or ideas. (3 to 5 sentences)
Do not copy what is written in the internet. (I can identify if it is a copy-paste or not.)
You can answer this essay through a comment in our Google classroom or chat in Messenger. Please cooperate. Thank you!

Figure 1. Bayanihan by Fernando Amorsolo

1. Give the principle/s of art that are used in this artwork.

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2. What is the subject of art being presented in this painting?

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3. For you, what do you think is the message of the artist in this painting?
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B. This activity demands your knowledge and attention about painting and how to appreciate it. Let us remember the depth of your
understanding of a certain work of art on the span of time you have a contact with it.
 Choose any painting that you want to analyze then answer the following questions.
 Make sure that your chosen painting is not the same with your classmates.
 You may refer to the given example of answer on each question.
1. This painting is about _________________________(e.g. nationalism, patriotism)
2. The source of the painting is ___________________________(e.g. state of the country under the Spanish rule)
3. The title is ________________(e.g. Spoliarium)
4. The medium is ________________________(e.g. oil, water color, tempera)
5. The size is ________________________(e.g. 4.22 meters x 7.675 meters)
6. This was painted by _________________(e.g. Juan Luna)
7. The message is __________________________(e.g. Reflection of the "spirit of our social, moral and spiritual life, humanity subjected to
trials unredeemed, reason in open fight with prejudice, fanaticism and injustice, J.Rizal)

8. Male a comment on the color combination. Does it conform (match, agree or align) with the purpose of the artist?
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9. What subject and method/style used by the artist in presenting his subject) (e.g. symbolism)
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10. Does the painting relate to your life? Why?
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IV. ASSESSMENT
ART PRODUCTION: PAINTING
A. MATERIALS:
1. OSLO PAPER/CANVAS/ ¼ ILLUSTRATION BOARD 3. PENCIL/PENS FOR OUTLINE
2. COFFEE , ACRYLIC PAINTS, POSTER PAINT, OR 4. COTTON BUDS, TOOTHPICKS, BRUSHES
WATERCOLOR
B. INSTRUCTIONS:
1. Just choose of any material that you will use in painting. You may use any available medium in your home to avoid expenses.
2. Your subject may be representational or non-representational. You can apply also different elements and principles of art in your
artwork.
3. Present your painting by explaining the message or meaning that you want to convey to the viewers of your painting. You may
present it during the Google meeting (STUDENTS UNDER CATEGORY A). For those under CATEGORY B, you may take a video
of yourself presenting your artwork. Send it through the GROUP CHAT in Messenger. While those under CATEGORY C, you may
write your explanation in a piece of paper.

C. CRITERIA: These are the following criteria for your assessment

1. SUBJECT/CONTENT - 15
2. NEATNESS - 10
3. CREATIVITY - 20
4. PRESENTATION – 15
TOTAL: 50 pts.