STUDENT TEXT

i \m erican
anguage
ourse

Book 22

Defense Language In stitu te

English Language Center
Preface
The American Language Course (ALC) is a comprehensive, multilevel language program for teaching
English for vocational and professional purposes. It is designed primarily for intensive English language
training in a classroom setting, but can easily be adapted for slower-paced instruction. The ALC’s curriculum
has been developed by the Defense Language Institute English Language Center (DLIELC), which is a US
Department of Defense school under the operational control of the US Air Force. The primary focus of the
ALC is to provide a language curriculum for a diverse international military population. To that end, the
course includes not only general English topics, but also military topics of a general nature highlighting the
typical language military personnel will encounter in their professional and vocational career fields. The ALC
has, however, also been very successfully used in non-military learning environments and in US high schools
with immigrant student populations.

Course components
The coordinated instructional packages for Books 1-30 consist of the following:
> Instructor text (IT)
> Student text (ST)
> Language laboratory activities text with audio scripts and answer key (LLAT)
> Audio recordings
> Computer based training (CBT)
> Quiz kit
> Optional training aids

Inquiries and orders

Please address inquiries and requests for more information about DLIELC publications to
DLIELC/LESL
2235 Andrews Avenue
JBSA-Lackland, Texas 78236-5259
E-mail: [email protected]
©2010 by Defense Language Institute English Language Center and its licensors. Notice of Rights: All rights
reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic,
mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher.

Various photos courtesy of Defenselink, US Fish and Wildlife Service, Library of Congress, National Science
Foundation, FEMA Newsphoto, the US Air Force, and Jennifer Anderson @ USDA-NRCS PLANTS
Database.

Second Edition, January 2010

Sixth printing, January 2014

BOOK 22 PREFACE
ALC B o o k 22: Scope & Sequence, Lessons 1 - 5

Lesson Vocabulary Functions Grammatical Structures Skills

H eroes > Request and As if and as though to > Listen, mark, and pronounce
1
> What makes a offer assis­ introduce adverb clauses syllable stress changes
hero? tance ►Alice acts as if she’s > Write words to complete
> American Life tired. a text (cloze)
Magazine: Per­ Review: yes /no questions > Select referents for pronouns
sonal heroes > Conduct interviews and pres­
> American Life Review: present tense
ent information
and present progressive
Magazine: Heroes > Answer questions about a
in action tense
semi-technical text
> Hiking safety bul­
letin

2 Law enforcem ent

> Responding to a
►Identify and
describe
Nouns or noun phrases
as subject complements
►Listen and select the topic
►Listen and write the topic
call people after verbs of choosing ►Participate in a discussion
►Handling an inci­ ►The judges named Bill
►Select referents for pronouns
dent the winner.
►Read outline and select the
> The police report: Reduce adjective clauses summary
An incident to adjective phrases ►Write words to complete
description a text (cloze)
Reduce adjective clauses
►Military police and to prepositional phrases >►Combine sentences
local civilian police
Sequence modifiers before ►Write a paraphrase
a noun

A weekend p ro ject ►Inquire about

3 ►Building a bird­ and express
Verb DO to show emphasis ►Listen and write main idea
►1 haven’t met Tom, but ►Listen, mark, and pronounce
house the purposes 1 do know his brother. syllable stress changes
►Assembling the of tools,
devices, and Suffixes: noun to adjective ►Write referents for pronouns
birdhouse with -ful and -less ►Read outline and select the
materials
►Putting the finish­ summary
Review. That noun clause
ing touches on the ►Read outline and provide a
as a direct object
birdhouse summary
> Peggy knew that she
would be late to work.

4 Firearm s in
A m erica
►Identify and GET passive
label the parts ►Paul got fired.
►Participate in a discussion
►Write a paraphrase
> US military fire­ of handguns, ►Edit a text for mistakes
rifles, and Reported speech: present
arms perfect to past perfect ►Listen and write main idea
firearm equip­
►Firearms and am­ ►Write referents for pronouns
ment Modal review: can, had
munition i
better, was/were going ►Read outline and provide a
►Going to a gun summary
to, and be unable to
show
> Americans’
opinions on gun
control
Review
5 Lesson 5 reviews all vocabulary and structures introduced in Lessons 1-4.

mm AMERICAN LANGUAGE COURSE

Notes to the Student
The American Language Course focuses on four components of language learning:
vocabulary, grammatical structures, language functions, and skills.
• The lessons present vocabulary (individual words as well as expressions) that the learner
needs to understand and use in order to communicate effectively in English. Each
new lesson builds on the vocabulary of the previous lessons. The language included is
appropriate for learners working in professional and vocational contexts. A significant
feature of the General English phase of the ALC is that military vocabulary is included
wherever applicable.
• The presentation of grammar is carefully sequenced. The grammatical structures
presented in the lessons are the forms a language learner needs in order to speak and
write standard English. New grammar is often depicted in charts or tables that serve to
focus the learner’s attention on the particular structure being presented.
• Language functions are the ways we use a language to communicate. In each lesson,
exercises that focus on functions show the learner how and when to use certain words,
phrases, and sentences.
• In addition, language and academic skills exercises are interspersed throughout the
lessons. These focus on developing the learner’s language proficiency in listening,
speaking, reading, and writing.
The Scope and Sequence chart located on the previous page shows the content of the current
book. The four columns outline the new' material as it relates to the language acquisition
components described above. Each lesson begins with a table of contents followed by a
preview page. The preview page provides a summary of the new material presented in
the lesson. Each ALC book has four lessons introducing new material and one review
lesson. These are followed by a homework section and daily evaluation exercises. Various
appendices are also included.
The homework and the evaluation exercises are at the back of this text. It generally takes
about two hours to complete the daily homework assignments. The evaluation exercises are
short quizzes that give both the teacher and the student feedback on how well students have
learned the material.
The appendices follow the fifth lesson. Appendix A provides an alphabetical list of new
vocabulary presented in this book. The number of the lesson in which each word or phrase is
introduced is provided next to the entry. Appendix B presents a list of grammatical structures
introduced in the book; a lesson number is provided along with each entry for easy reference.
The other appendices are included as reference materials.

BOOK 22 PREFACE WEM

- U SER NOTES -

AMERICAN LANGUAGE COURSE

Book 22 Contents
LESSON 1: Heroes ................................................................................................. 1

LESSON 2: Law enforcement ............................................................................. 25

LESSON 3: A weekend project ........................................................................... 51

LESSON 4: Firearms in America ........................................................................ 79

LESSON 5: Review ............................................................................................. 109

APPENDICES:
A1: Word List ........................................................................................ A-l
A2: Glossary ................................... ..................................................... A-3
B: Structure List .................................................................................. B-l
C: Active Tenses ................................................................................. C-l
D: Conditional Sentences ,,,,............................................................... D-l
E: Modals and Related Structures in the ALC ................................. E-l
F: Principal Parts of Some Irregular Verbs ......................................... F-l
G: Patterns of Irregular Verbs ............................................................ G-l
H: American English Sounds ............................................................. H-l
I: Punctuation and Capitalization ....................................................... 1-1
J: Lesson Resources ............................................................................ J-l
B22L1 #1 Dialogs (Role-play cards) ..................................... J-3
B22L2#la-b Vocabulary (Information gap texts) ...................... J-5
B22L2 #2 Speaking skill (Discussion cards) ......................... J-9
B22L2#3 Grammar (Drawings) ........................................... J-l 1
B22L2#4 Dialogs (Suspect pictures) .................................. J -l3
B22L2#5 Listening skill (Topic texts) ................................ J - l5
B22L2#6a-f Writing skill (Paraphrasing cards) ...................... J-17
B22L3 #la-b Vocabulary (Workshop pictures) ........................ J-23
B22L3 #2 Listening skill (Main idea text) ........................... J-27
B22L4 #1 Listening skill (Main idea text) ........................... J-29
B22L4 #2 a-f Writing skill (Paraphrasing cards) ...................... J-31
B22L4 #3 Speaking skill (Discussion cards) ....................... J-37
B22L5 #1 Vocabulary (Matching cards) .............................. J-39
B22L5 #2 Dialogs (Assistance cards) .................................. J-43

BOOK 22 PREFACE v
 K: US Military, Ranks, Grades, and Insignia ...................................... K-l
L: Language Functions for Better Communication ............................. L-l

HOMEWORK: ........................................................................................................ HW-1

EVALUATION
EXERCISES: ........................................................................................................... EE-1

AMERICAN LANGUAGE COURSE

 ~Jr

Heroes # /S jry .v v .Jm

VOCABULARY: What makes a h e r o ? ........................................................... 3

American Life Magazine: Personal H e r o e s ......................4

WRITING: Interviewing a classmate and giving a presentation . . . . 6

VOCABULARY: American Life Magazine: Heroes in A ctio n ......................8

READING: Identifying the correct pronoun referen t......................... 11

GRAMMAR: It looks as if the teacher isn’t feeling well........................ 12

VOCABULARY: Hiking safety bulletin ..................................................... 14

GRAMMAR: Review of yes/no q u estio n s............................................16

READING: Mountain Search and Rescue .........................................19

DIALOGS: Could you give me a hand? ............................................20

SPEAKING: Changes in word stress determined by c o n te x t.............21

GRAMMAR: Review of simple present and present progressive . . . . 22

WRITING: Preparing an interview for a homework assignment . . . 24

BOOK 22 LESSON 1 1
 review What’s new in Lesson 1?

NEW VOCABULARY

Nouns Verbs Other

ambulance approach as if
crash breathe as though
favor call on at once
guy choke conscious
insect concern critical
object crash give a hand
poison faint major
snake nominate minor
stuff pass out particular
shout poisonous
steal/stole/stolen re­
swallow slight
within

GRAMMAR STRUCTURES LANGUAGE FUNCTION

I feel as though I need to take a break. Request and offer assistance.
It smells as though something is burning. Excuse me. Could you give me
Have you ever met anyone famous? a hand?
Do you like American food? Sure, what can I do for you?
I call my family every Sunday.
We’re studying English.

2 AMERICAN LANGUAGE COURSE

 Vocabulary What makes a hero?

With a partner, discuss the pictures below.

''w

i B M B W W U ,

BOOK 22 LESSON 1 1_____ ■

 Vocabulary American Life Magazine: Personal Heroes

American Life Magazine tiff

What does it mean to be a hero? We’ve asked readers to send in their stories o f people
who responded bravely in difficult situations, and we found that the word hero often
means different things to different people. Here are a few stories about people who can be
considered heroes.

y cousin, Captain Mark Lewis, he person I think is a true hero is my

M saved my son’s life, and I want to

thank him. Last summer, our fam­
ily had a barbecue to celebrate Mark’s re­
T neighbor, Nora Banks. I was driv­
ing home from the base one after­
noon, and I stopped to make a left turn. As
turn from active duty overseas. I was busy I was turning, a car came from nowhere
grilling the food and didn’t notice when and crashed into me. I hit my head on the
my son, Bobby, began to choke. Bobby steering wheel and immediately passed
had swallowed something that got stuck out. Nora saw the crash and ran out of her
in his throat. Mark immediately noticed house to help. Neither I nor the other driv­
that there was a problem. He put his arms er was conscious, and I had a deep cut on
around Bobby and pressed hard below his my head. Nora was able to stop the bleed­
ribs. That forced the object out, and Bob­ ing. She called 911, and an ambulance
by began to breathe normally again. I am was there within five minutes to take the
so thankful to my cousin for his quick ac­ driver of the other vehicle and me to the
tions that day. If there were an award for emergency room. The other driver had
hero of the year, I would certainly nomi­ only minor injuries and got well quickly.
nate him. My cousin Mark is not only a I had more critical injuries that required
military hero, but also my personal hero. a longer stay at the hospital. Luckily, we
Kevin Darcy are both doing well today thanks to Nora’s
Burlington, VT ability to stay calm in an emergency.
Tony Dyers
Ocean City, NJ

EXERCISE A Listen to each sentence, and circle T for true or F for false.

1. 4.

2. T F 5. T F

3. T F 6. T F

AMERICAN LANGUAGE COURSE

EXERCISE B Match the word with its definition.

1. to choke a. not serious

2. to nominate b. to hit with force
3. minor c. to have something stuck in your throat
4. object d. to choose someone for a position
5. critical e. awake and able to think
6. to crash f. a thing that can be seen or touched
7. conscious g- extremely serious

EXERCISE C Complete each sentence with a word from the box.____________

passed out breathe crash

within swallow
nominated ambulance minor

1. The runner_________________from lack of water during the race.

2. Two candidates w ere_________________for the supervisor position.

3. Make sure you chew your food well before you_________________it.

4. The city’s population will increase 50% _________________20 years.

5. People cannot_________________under water without special equipment.

6. The flight recorder from the plane_________________hasn’t been found yet.

7. There is a problem with your car, but don’t worry. It’s only a ______________ one.

8. Drivers must pull over when a n _________________with flashing lights is trying

to get through traffic.

BOOK 22 LESSON 1 5
 Writing Interviewing a classmate and giving a presentation

Match the interview questions (Num bers 1-6) with the answers (Letters a-f).

Questions

_____ 1. Where did you grow up, Timothy?

_____ 2. How many brothers and sisters do you have?

__ __ 3. Did you play sports as a child?

_____ 4. What did you want to be when you grew up?

_____ 5. Did you go on summer vacations?

SPC Tim othy Villareal
_____ 6. What do you miss about being a child?

Answers

a. We used to go to the beach in Florida and Mackinac Island in Michigan.

b. I’m from Saginaw, Michigan.

c. I have two brothers, Mike and Dwayne.

d. A professional baseball player.

e. I loved having all that energy. And the freedom! You could do whatever
you wanted with no schedule or responsibilities.
f. Yes, I did a lot: baseball, basketball, running, and swimming. I also liked
to go camping.

EXERCISE Prepare to interview a classmate._________________________

I._____________________________________________________ Choose a topic.

family future plans occupation

military life education

6 AMERICAN LANGUAGE COURSE

II. Write five questions about the topic.

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

III. Ask your partner each question. Use the space below to take notes.

NOTES;

IV. Using your notes, give a short presentation to the class.

BOOK 22 LESSON 1
i
 Vocabulary American Life Magazine: Heroes in Action

Complete the chart using the information in the texts.

American Life Magazine j | f |

he person that I think of as my per­ y hero is Major Jason Garcia. Ja­

T sonal hero is my best friend, Meg

Ferguson. Last Sunday, we were
hiking in the forest, and I was bitten by
M son gave me a hand when I really
needed it the most. Two months
ago, I was visiting Boston on vacation.
some kind of insect. Later, the area on my After a wonderful day of sightseeing and
leg where the insect had bitten me became shopping, I was walking back to my hotel
very red, and I got a slight headache. I told when a strange man approached me with
Meg it was nothing to worry about, but she a knife in his hand. Before I knew what was
became very concerned. She said I looked happening, the man had stolen my camera
as though I was going to faint. I kept tell­ and bags. I shouted for help. Major Garcia
ing her I was fine, but my symptoms got heard me from across the street. He chased
worse and worse. She insisted on taking the guy for six blocks until the thief finally
me to the hospital to have the bite checked dropped my stuff. The police never caught
at once. Later, I found out that it could that man, but I’m thankful to Major Garcia
have been fatal if I hadn’t received medi­ for helping someone he didn’t even know.
cal attention so quickly. If Jason ever needs a favor, he can call on
Jenna Scholes me first.
Manchester, NH Linda Evans
Sebastian Beach, FL

Who ... Linda Q^rcia Jenna Meg

1. tried to catch a thief?

2. is probably allergic to bug bites?

3. rushed someone to the hospital?

4. was threatened with a weapon?

5. was hiking in the forest?

6. had her camera stolen?

AMERICAN LANGUAGE COURSE

 EXERCISE A Match each question with an answer.

QUESTIONS

__ _1. Are spiders a kind of insect?

__ _2. Can you do me a favor?
__ _3. Did you prepare your tax forms by yourself?
__ _4. What crimes did he commit?
__ 5. How will I know when to get off the bus?
__ 6. Does Jean speak English well?

ANSWERS

a. No, they have

eight legs, not six.

d. Yes, she
makes only a few
slight mistakes.

EXERCISE B Write a synonym for the words in italics.

Use words from this lesson.

1. You look like you want to say something.

2. Lily married a man from Los Angeles.

3. The drill sergeant yelled at the trainees.

4. There is a small chance of rain next week.

5. I need to move this couch. Could you help mel

6. The police told us to leave immediately.

7. I pass out anytime I see blood.

BOOK 22 LESSON 1 9
EXERCISE C Listen to a sentence, and select the best word to complete it.

9 © ©
a. slight a. softly a. favor
b. minor b. quickly b. object
c. critical c. loudly c. stuff

O @ m
a. steal a. crash a. choked
b. shout b. stuff b. nominated
c. approach c. insect c. swallowed

EXERCISE D Tell your partner a story using the words in Box A or B.

A guy was eating lunch, I was driving home

and then ... when ...

A
guy drive
lunch approach
swallow crash
choke critical
ambulance conscious

10 AMERICAN LANGUAGE COURSE

 Reading Identifying the correct pronoun referent

R ead the texts, and answer the questions.

First aid kits can help you respond to most minor emergencies. They should in­
clude treatment items, such as bandages, tape, and common medicines.

1. The pronoun they in the first line refers to

a. emergencies
b. first aid kits
c. medicines

The main sign of heatstroke is a very high body temperature. It is es­

pecially dangerous for young children. Special steps should be taken if they
seem confused, feel dizzy, or experience headaches while outside in very hot weather.

2. In line 1, it refers to ______

a. heatstroke
b. a sign
c. hot weather
3. In line 2, they refers to ______
a. special steps
b. headaches
c. young children

Most small cuts do not require emergency medical attention, and many minor ones
will usually stop bleeding on their own. If a cut doesn’t stop bleeding, put pressure on
it, using a clean cloth or bandage.

4. In line 1, ones refers to

a. cuts
b. medical attention
c. bandages
5. In line 3, it refers to
a. pressure
b. the bandage
c. the cut

BOOK 22 LESSON 1 11
Grammar It looks as if the teacher isn’t feeling well.

What’s wrong with the teacher? He sounds as though

He looks as if he isn’t feeling well. he has a sore throat.

IL
clause clause

This cake tastes it isn’t completely baked.

as if
I feel I need to take a break.
as though
It smells something is burning.

We use as if and as though to talk about something which we think may be true.

Unscramble the words to make sentences.

1. as if / your engine sounds / there is a problem with the fan / .

2. someone / as though / it smells / is cooking something good / .

3. he / Abdul looks / is very unhappy / as if / .

4. though / going to rain / as / it seems / it / very soon / is / .

AMERICAN LANGUAGE COURSE

EXERCISE B Complete each sentence with your own words.

1. This iced tea is too sweet to drink.

It tastes as i f _________________ there is too much sugar in it____________

2. Pedro can see black smoke coming from his neighbor’s window.

It appears as though_______________________________________________

3. Donald can’t keep his eyes open, and he keeps yawning.

Donald looks as i f ________________________________________________

4. I have only ten minutes to finish the test. I still have to answer 30 questions.

It seems________________________________________________________
5. I just listened to a phone message from Mike. He said his mother was in a car
accident.

Mike sounds_____________________________________________________

With a partner, discuss what may be true about each picture.

BOOK 22 LESSON 1 13
 Vocabulary Hiking safety bulletin

* Flat Rock National Park *

Safety First on the Hiking Trails!
PARK SAFETY CONCERNS EVERYONE

In most cases, snakes are not

a danger to people, but you should
know which ones are dangerous
in order to protect yourself. One
particular snake to look out for is the
rattlesnake, which can be found in
many areas of the park. The bite of
this snake can cause major health
problems and even be fatal. If you run
into any snake while hiking, the best
thing to do is to leave it alone. Never
try to pick a snake up! If you are bitten rattlesnake
by a snake, get medical treatment
immediately.

fla t Rock Park is also home

to many types of poisonous plants.
Some plants produce a poison which
can cause a person’s skin to become
red and swollen. Other plants are
poisonous if they are eaten and could
cause an upset stomach, dizziness,
or even death. Hikers should learn
what the leaves of these plants look
like so that they can avoid them.

poison ivy

Be safe! Always check and recheck the area around you while hiking!

14 AMERICAN LANGUAGE COURSE

 EXERCISE A Match the word with its definition.

1. major illness a. a topic which affects me

2. deadly poison b. to take something that isn’t yours
3. a subject that concerns me c. extremely serious sickness
4. poisonous insect d. a substance that can kill
5. to steal an object e. animal whose bite can make you sick
6. snakes and fish f. cold-blooded animals with no legs

I m W M a ; ! Complete each sentence with re- and a verb from the box.

charge install write use enlist apply

1. If those batteries don’t have any power, you can __ recharge them.

2. If you want to stay in the military, you’ll have to __ --------------------------

3. The university didn’t accept Paul, so he’s going to _ next year.

4, Kelly saves plastic bags, because she can always__ them later.

5. The dissatisfied teacher told the student to _ ..... the homework

assignment.

6. Thave to the software because the computer program

isn’t working.

With a partner, discuss these questions.

What should you do if ...

1. you see someone choking?

2. someone has fallen and is not conscious?

3. a child accidently swallows a poisonous substance?

4. you are bitten by a poisonous snake?

BOOK 22 LESSON 1 15
 Grammar Review of yes/no questions

Can you guess what’s

in this box?

most verbs auxiliary subject main verb other words

Does the box’s iabel say where it’s from?
Should I shake it?
Have you weighed the box?
Can’t we open it now?
B e verbs main verb subject other words
Is it breakable?

EXERCISE A Find the mistakes. Write the correct question on the line below.

1. Like you listening to country music? 4. Don’t you can play the piano?

2. Was you in the military before 2000? 5. Your home was built before 1900?

3. You have ever swam in the ocean? 6. Are able you to run 26 miles?

16 AMERICAN LANGUAGE COURSE

 EXERCISE B Read the thoughts, and write a question.

Have you ever i

anyone famou
O,o

1. the lieutenant was promoted to captain.

2. we’ll get on the plane and depart soon.

3. you used to play sports when you were a child.

4. the new computers have been installed.

5. new recruits have to wear a uniform on their first day of basic training.

Ask your partner questions using the words in parentheses.

Change the word order and verb form s as needed.

1. (you / like / baseball)

2. (you / speak / Spanish)

3. (you / have / visit / Asia / before) 6. (you / be going to / travel / this year)

4. (you / be / on time / yesterday) 7. (our teacher / be going to / give homework)

5. (you / can / do 100 push-ups) 8. (you / be accustomed to / cold weather)

BOOK 22 LESSON 1 17
 EXERCISE D Follow your teacher’s instructions.
Be sure to cross out the topics after you ask questions about them.

18 AMERICAN LANGUAGE COURSE

 Reading Mountain Search and Rescue

Read the paragraph one time. Then, read it again, and complete the paragraph by writing one
word on each line. Answers will vary.

Mountain Search and Rescue (MSR) is a US group that is working to save

lives through rescue and education. It’s a volunteer organization which is made
up of professionals O _________________ have been trained in mountain search
and rescue (SAR) operations. MSR has more than 100 members, and last year
m __________ ______ team volunteered more than 10,000 hours for SAR and training.
The members participate © _________________missions to find and assist people
who are lost or hurt in the mountains. They also offer training on mountain safety
Q _________________people who are interested. MSR operates under the authority of
local governments, which © _________________legally responsible for search and rescue
in their areas. MSR’s services are provided free of charge © _________________it relies
on money contributed by the public. Anyone who has © _________________interest in
the outdoors and giving a hand to others can volunteer to join Mountain Search and Rescue.

BOOK 22 LESSON 1
 Dialogs Could you give me a hand?

R ead the dialog with your partner.

Irving: Excuse me. Could you help me with something?

Eric: Of course. What can I do for you?
Irving: Well, I seem to be lost. Can you tell me where Parker Square is?
Eric: No problem. Let me give you some directions. Walk three blocks north, and
turn left on 2nd Avenue. Go ahead five blocks and it’s on your left.
Irving: Great. Thanks so much for your help.

Role-play a dialog with your partner. Use the phrases below.

Asking for help Offering help

Excuse me, b u t... May I help you?

Could you please ... ? C a n I ...?
Sorry to bother you, b u t... Would you like me to ... ?
I was wondering i f ... How can I help you?
Can you lend me a hand with ... ? What can I do for you?
Give me a hand with ... Let me ...
Help me with ... Do you need a hand?

20 AMERICAN LANGUAGE COURSE

 Speaking Changes in word stress determined by context

Usual stress Change in stress

downtown Take the downtown bus".

fifteen She’s been teaching for fifteen years.

I. Listen and repeat.

Listen to your instructor read the dialogs. Then, repeat them, using the stress correctly.
/
1. A: Are you staying overnight?
/ /
B: Yes. It’s an overnight trip.

2. A: Is their pool indoors?

/ /
B: Yes. It’s an indoor pool.

3. A: Is the police station downtown?

/ /
B: Yes. To get there, you can take the downtown bus.

Syllable stress in a word can change, depending on its location in a sentence.

II. Listen and mark the stress.

Listen to your instructor read the dialogs. M ark the stress in Line B. Then, respond to your
instructor’s questions, using the stress correctly.
/
1. A: Do you work upstairs?
B: Yes, I have an upstairs office.
/
2. A: Is Jones Street one-way?
B: Yes, it’s a one-way street.

3. A: Does Elizabeth like working overseas?

B: No, she doesn’t. She hates overseas work.
/
4. A: Will the party be outdoors?
B: Yes. Don’t you love outdoor parties?

BOOK 22 LESSON 1 21
 Grammar Review of simple present and present progressive

From: Alex DeLuca Sent: Wed 8/21 10:08 PM

To: All Friends and Family
Subject: Hi from FOT
Attachments: image 001jpeg; image 002jpeg
A
Hello, Friends and Family!
I am writing this e-mail so that everyone can keep up with my life here at my follow-on
training. To be honest, it’s very difficult training. I’m attending a special course that’s
called Pathfinder School which teaches us to locate, establish, and operate military
aircraft drop and landing areas. I do at least 3 hours of FT per day, and the course
requires us to complete a minimum of 3 parachute jumps in order to graduate. I usually
study after class each day, but right now my roommate is talking to me, and I can’t get
anything done! As you can imagine, I’m really tired. I’ll write more tomorrow. Here are
some photos. Alex

List the simple present and progressive verbs from the text.
Do not list present tense with modcils or to-infinitive verbs.

Simple Present Present Progressive

is

Simple present describes routine actions or general facts.

«$► Present progressive describes an action in progress.

22 AMERICAN LANGUAGE COURSE

 EXERCISE B Complete the sentences with the correct fo r m of the verb.

Use simple present or present progressive tenses.

Peter: Welcome back to our TV show. I O _________________(be) your host, Peter
Gentry, and today we © ___________________ (talk) with Mindi Johns who
represents We Lend a Hand, an organization that © ____________________
(provide) free support to military personnel 365 days a year.
Mindi: Thanks so much, Peter. It O _________________(be) wonderful to have this
opportunity to talk about the work we ©____________________ (do) at the
moment.
Peter: What © _________________(be) your organization’s current projects, Mindi?

Mindi: Well, when a military member in our city © _________________(go) on a mission

away from home, our organization’s volunteers © _________________(assist) his
or her family by providing free yard work and small home repairs. Presently, we
@____________________ (set up) a new program that would also provide
pet care services, so owners won’t have to worry about their pets while they
© _________________(go) on short military assignments.
Peter: Mindi, your wonderful program ® ____________________(make) life easier for
a lot of military families. Thanks for speaking with us today.
Mindi: Thanks for inviting me, Peter!

EXERCISE C Discuss the following questions with a partner.

1. What types of activities do you do every day?

2. What do you think your friends are doing right now?

3. What are the responsibilities of your job? ( f U

4. What are you currently studying?

BOOK 22 LESSON 1 23
 Preparing an interview for a homework assignment

Prepare to interview someone outside o f class.

I. Choose a topic.

family job travel

hobbies childhood

II. Write five questions about the topic.

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

III. For homework, ask the person you interview each question. Use the space
below to take notes.

24 AMERICAN LANGUAGE COURSE

2
Law
enforcement

VOCABULARY: Responding to a c a l l .........................................................27

Handling an in cid en t........................................................ 28

GRAMMAR: They elected Kathy Moore vice president......................... 30

SPEAKING: Participating in a group discussion ................................ 32

READING: Identifying the correct pronoun referen t..........................33

VOCABULARY: The police report: An incident description.......................34

GRAMMAR: Patients wishing to see the doctor must check in................ 36

READING: Summarizing information from an outline .................... 39

VOCABULARY: Military police and local civilian p o lic e .......................... 40

GRAMMAR: I love freshly baked bread................................................... 42

WRITING: Combining two sentences into one .................................45

DIALOGS: Describing and identifying p e o p le ....................................46

SKILLS: Listening for the topic and writing a paraphrase .... 48

VOCABULARY: Review of new words from Lesson 2 ..............................49

BOOK 22 LESSON 2 25
 Preview What’s new in Lesson 2?

NEW VOCABULARY

Nouns Verbs Other

difference arrest complex
entrance catch up with complicated
feature declare due to
incident designate familiar
jail differ former
lens identify huge
note run across latter
patience spot patient
suspect plain
voicc reckless
simple
yet

GRAMMAR STRUCTURES LANGUAGE FUNCTION

They elected him president. Describe and identify people.
Students taking the test must be quiet. He’s tall with brown hair and
The new white sports car is for sale. green eyes, and he’s wearing a hat,
sunglasses, a T-shirt, and jeans.

26 AMERICAN LANGUAGE COURSE

 Vocabulary Responding to a call

With a partner, discuss w hat you think is happening in the picture.

EXERCISE Follow your teacher’s instructions.

He was notified
What time was Sergeant at 1145.
Hoover notified?

BOOK 22 LESSON 2
 Vocabulary Handling an incident

Read the text and complete the flow chart below.

When a possibly illegal activity happens who may be responsible for the incident,
on a military base, the military police take they must identify that person. Once this
certain steps to handle the incident. This is done, the police have to decide whether
process can be com plicated or sim ple or not to arrest the suspect. If they decide
depending on the type of incident. Simple not to arrest the suspect, then that person is
incidents are easy to solve and involve only released. If they decide to arrest the suspect,
one person. Complex ones may include then that person is taken to jail. It isn’t their
many people and are more difficult to responsibility to declare the suspect guilty
solve. For both types, the process starts or innocent. Finally, after the suspect is
when police receive a call about an incident. either taken to jail or released, the police
First, notes are taken about the details of the are required to fill out a complete report,
incident. After that, police are contacted by which includes a detailed description of the
radio and sent to the location of the incident. incident and the people who were involved.
When they spot the suspect, or person

28 AMERICAN LANGUAGE COURSE

EXERCISE A Write in the correct word from the gray box.

complicated jail spot arrest identify incident

1. Which word means a possibly illegal activity! ________________

2. What means difficult or having many parts'! ________________

3. What means to see someone or s o m e t h i n g ! ________________

4. Which verb means to check identity? ________________

5. What means to take a person by legal authority? ________________

6. Where do police take suspects who are arrested? ________________

EXERCISE B Complete the text with words from the gray box.___________

note identify
spotted suspect declared
simple incident

CAN YOU O. THIS PERSON?

This young male ©_ was

© ______________ outside the home of Dr. Wary
on the night that his art collection was stolen. Police
O _________________the house to be a crime scene after
they discovered a © _________________which was left in
place of the paintings. The message on the note said, “Art should be for all to see.”
This unusual case hasn’t been a © _________________one for police to solve.
If you have any information about this © _________________, report it to the
police immediately.

BOOK 22 LESSON 2
 Grammar They elected Kathy Moore vice president

Read the news articles. Then, follow your teacher’s instructions.

N ew S tu d en t L ead er s E lected
Student Activities Dean, David
Brown, who advises the student govern­
University students chose two
ment said, “I consider Garcia and Moore
senior students as their new student gov­
to be strong leaders who will do their best
ernment officers during the first week of
to make our university a better place.”
classes this semester.
The students elected Rob Gar­
cia Student Government President and No C la s s e s F r id a y S e p t . 23
Kathy Moore
University President George Lee has
Vice President.
declared next Friday a day off for stu­
dents and university personnel. The fire
Rob Garcia and department will be checking fire alarms,
Kathy Moore want
your ideas.
alarm boxes, fire exits, and elevators in
all buildings.

direct object object complement

(as,
verb of choosing noun (phrase) 1 noun (phrase) 2
to be)

1. students senior students as officers

2. They elected

3. I Garcia and Moore

4. Lee a day off

Two nouns or noun phrases can follow some verbs of choosing: elect, choose,
* appoint, name, declare, select, consider, etc.
«£♦ The second noun tells the job or a quality of the first noun.

«£♦ i4s or to be can be used between the two nouns after some verbs.

30 AMERICAN LANGUAGE COURSE

 EXERCISE A Unscramble the words to make sentences.

1. chose / as / My boss / Julia / his new secretary / .

My boss chose Julia as his new secretary._________________________________

2. a holiday / The President / Martin Luther King, Jr.’s birthday / declared / .

3. Barry / choose / captain / Did / as / the soccer team / ?

4. Voters / Mrs. Robinson / elected / the new leader /.

5. SSgt Green / Our commander / Airman of the Year / named / .

6. the new artist / selected / The judges / the award winner / as / .

7. appointed / Mario Lonzano / to be / The President / Secretary of Defense / Has / ?

8. her brother / the strongest person / considers / Meg / to be / that she knows / .

EXERCISE B Discuss the questions with a partner._________

Be sure to ask your partner the reasons fo r his or her answers.

1. Who would you name as a great military leader?

2. What day of the year would you declare a holiday?

3. What food would you choose as the best food from your city?

4. What season do you consider to be your favorite time of the year?

5. Have you ever named anyone an award winner?

BOOK 22 LESSON 2 31
 Speaking Participating in a group discussion

D iscuss the situation below with your group. Write down who your group chooses and why.
You are a member of a special group designated by your city government to choose two
finalists for this year’s Citizen of the Year Award. Four people have been nominated. The
mayor of your city will declare the winner from the two people your group chooses. Here
is information about the four people.

NOMINEES
Elena S uarez age 14. On March 21, Elena was
walking to school when she saw three young men
stealing televisions from a store. She called 911,
and after the police entered the store, they found
the owner in the back. He had been shot and would
have died if Elena hadn’t called.
Luther W ashington - age 80. Mr. Washington is a businessman who works
hard to help people. Mr. Washington has given a lot of money to the city. Last year, he paid
for the new hospital and gave money to build the new sports stadium. He won the
award three years ago.
Ruth C hen - age 50. Ms. Chen works in the city pay office. Last year, she caught
her boss stealing money from the city. Her boss fired her, but she told a reporter, who
printed her story. Ms. Chen was rehired by the city, and her boss was fired. Her actions
saved the city more than a million dollars.
Sarah Jackson - age 37. Ms. Jackson was a bus driver for the city. On an icy morning
in November, Ms. Jackson had 22 people on the bus. She was driving down Market
Street, when she found she couldn’t stop the bus because of the ice. Ms. Jackson drove
the bus into a parked truck on the side of the street to avoid a busy intersection. Although
her actions saved everyone on the bus, Ms. Jackson died in the crash.

FINALISTS REASONS

1.

AMERICAN LANGUAGE COURSE

 Reading Identifying the correct pronoun referent

Read the texts, and answ er the questions.

Military haircuts for males must meet certain standards. The hair on top of the
head must be neat. It should not fall over the ears or the eyebrows. In addition, males
in uniform must keep their faces clean shaven. They cannot have beards, but mustach­
es are authorized. However, they must be short and cannot cover the upper lip.

1. The pronoun it in the second line refers to ______

a. certain standards
b. hair on top of the head
c. the top of the head
2. The pronoun they in the third line refers to ______
a. uniforms
b. ears and eyebrows
c. males in uniform
3. The pronoun they in the fourth line refers to ______
a. mustaches
b. beards
c. faces

Service members may carry civilian gym bags while in uniform. They may carry
them by hand or using a shoulder strap. All bags should hang on the same side of the
body as the shoulder strap, and they should be black or gray.

4. In line 1, they refers to

a. civilians
b. soldiers
c. gym bags

5. In line 3, they refers to

a. bags
b. bodies
c. the shoulder strap

BOOK 22 LESSON 2 33
Vocabulary The police report: An incident description

Oakridge City Police Department

Date: August 13 Region: Oakridge Hills Time: 2330
Location: 1634 N. Trail Drive Incident: money stolen

Summary: On 08-13-09 at 2330, Oakridge officers were called to Quick Fill Gas
Station, 1634 North Trail Drive, because approximately $1000 had been
stolen from the cash register. A man entered the gas station and demanded
money in a loud voice. The man quickly lost patience with the cashier
and took the key from the cashier’s hand. He then took the money from
the register and ran out the store entrance. The station owner, who is a
former police officer, followed after him, trying to catch up with him,
but the suspect jumped into a black four-door vehicle and drove away
recklessly, almost hitting a pedestrian. The suspect is described as a
white male, mid-20s, wearing glasses with thick lenses, a plain white
T-shirt, and blue jeans. An unusual physical feature is a huge tattoo
of a snake covering his entire right arm. The cashier said the suspect
looked familiar, and that perhaps he had run across the suspect earlier
that day. The cashier could smell alcohol on the suspect’s breath and
suggested his actions were possibly due to heavy drinking.
Robert Green is the officer who is designated to this case. Contact him
with any information which concerns this incident.

EXERCISE A With a partner, ask and answer questions about the text.

1. How did the man demand money?

2. Why did the store owner run outside his store?
3. How well did the suspect drive?
4. What did the suspect’s T-shirt look like?
5. What unusual feature did the suspect have?
6. What might have caused the suspect’s actions?
7. Which officer is responsible for this case?

34 AMERICAN LANGUAGE COURSE

 EXERCISE B Select a word from the gray box to fill in the blank.

When I went to the store yesterday, I noticed a woman who looked

entrance very O _________________standing near the © __________________
running across I couldn’t see her eyes because she was wearing glasses with dark
former © _________________, but her other Q _________________ reminded
familiar me of someone from my past. I decided to say hello and ask her what
features her name was. She immediately recognized me and said she was Sandra,
lenses one of my © _________________college roommates. What were the
chances of © _________________my classmate after 20 years?

EXERCISE C Write a sentence using the word(s) in parentheses.

Answers will vary.

1. (former)__

2. (patience)

3. (to run across)

4. (feature)____

BEM qsraEiqRB Write the word that goes with each set of phrases.

familiar former patience lens simple spot

m m 0
a .....solution lose your a . face
a explanation 1 he looks.
a plan little _with someone it sounds.

0. ©
president
camera someone in a crowd
manager
contact. _something unusual wife

BOOK 22 LESSON 2 35
Grammar Patients wishing to see the doctor must check in.

Clauses with BE

No one who is taking the test may leave the room.

No one taking the test may leave the room.

Cars that are parked on the grass must be moved.

Cars parked on the grass must be moved.

Prepositional phrase
The phone which is on the desk doesn’t work.

The phone on the desk doesn’t work.

^ Reduce adjective clauses to adjective phrases by removing who, that, or which

and the BE verb.

36 AMERICAN LANGUAGE COURSE

 Clauses with HAVE

The hat that has a star on it belongs to the general.

'V
The hat with a star on it belongs to the general.

^ To reduce an adjective clause with HAVE, remove who, that, or which and use with in
* place of the HAVE verb. Use without in negative sentences.

EXERCISE A Cross out words to reduce the adjective clauses to phrases.

Be sure to change the HAVE verbs to with.

1. The food that is-served in the mess hall is good.

2. What is the name of the crop which is being raised in that field?
3. Can you hand me that screwdriver that is on the shelf?
4. This job requires someone who has a college education.
5. Anyone who is not feeling well should go to sick call right now.
6. Do you have a car that has automatic transmission?
7. The post office won’t deliver mail that doesn’t have a stamp.

EXERCISE B Fill in the blanks with the reduced phrase.

1. Were the injuries that were received by the pilot serious?

Were the injuries_____________________________________ by the pilot serious?
2. The new store that is near the airport is huge.
The new store__________________________________________________ is huge.
3. Who wrote the note which was on the bulletin board?
Who wrote the note____________________________________________________?
4. Do you know the person who is waving to us?
Do you know the person___________________________________________ to us?
5. I’m looking for an apartment that has two bedrooms.
I’m looking for an apartment________________________________ two bedrooms.
6. Have you read the new book which was written by Arnold Wilson?
Have you read the new book_____________________________ by Arnold Wilson?

BOOK 22 LESSON 2 37
EXERCISE C Write sentences using the phrases.

1. books / borrowed from the library

Books borrowed from the library must be returned in two weeks.

2. the boys / swimming in the river

3. a house / with a swimming pool

4. the people / on the train

5. that man / standing on the corner

Follow your teacher’s instructions.

38 AMERICAN LANGUAGE COURSE

 Reading Summarizing information from an outline

Select the best summary o f the outline.

CAUSES OF BAD BREATH

I. Food
A. Vegetables—garlic and onions
B. Milk products

O II. Health problems

A. Tooth or gum
B. Stomach

III. Way of life

(!• A. Smoking
^ B. Not brushing or flossing teeth
( I
("V

IMARY:
a. Bad breath is a problem that can be caused by certain foods, health issues, or a
person’s way of life.

b. Bad breath is a social problem that many people are not comfortable discussing.

c. Bad breath can result from choices that a person makes in his or her life, such as
smoking, eating garlic, or drinking milk products.

BOOK 22 LESSON 2 39
 Vocabulary Military police and local civilian police

Read the text and complete the outline.

Military and local civilian police forces Military Justice (UCMJ), while the latter
both have the responsibility to protect and force follows city, county, and state laws.
serve their communities. However, they Military police and local police forces
differ in two major ways. have major differences, yet both have the
The first difference is where they have responsibility of protecting and serving the
authority to make arrests. Military police United States and its citizens.
have authority to arrest military personnel
only on US military bases in the United
States or overseas. On the other hand,
local police forces have authority to arrest
anyone within the limits of their assigned
city, county, or state.
Another difference between military
police and local law enforcement is the
set of laws which they are responsible for
enforcing. The former group enforces the
laws contained in the Uniform Code of

US Air Force Security City of San Antonio

Forces Member Police Officer

o
o Differences between military and local police forces

o
o I. Where they have authority

o
o A. Military police:____________________

B. Local police: within city, county, or state limits

II.

o A. Military police:

B. Local police:_
o
III. Both protect and serve

40 AMERICAN LANGUAGE COURSE

 EXERCISE A Give an oral summary of the text using your outline.

The two main differences

between military police and
local police are ...

_______________Write
EXERCISE B a new vocabulary word similar to the word(s) in italics.

1. Military and local police are not the same. ___________

2. There are two ways in which they are different. ___________
3. Of military and local police, the first force can arrest on base only-----------------
4. The second force can arrest people outside of military bases. ___________
5. Laws are often complicated and have, many different parts. ___________
6. Both military and local police carry weapons, hut their uniforms
are very different.

EXERCISE C Write the correct word to complete the sentence.

1. I don’t mind waiting in long lines because I’m a person.

familiar/patient
2. Police think the man is guilty, but he hasn’t been yet.
arrested / released
3. Did you receive the boss ’s ___ _ about the meeting?
notify/note
4. I had never spoken to her before, so I didn’t recognize her
former/voice
5. A new type of bird was by scientists last month.
identification / identified
6. __ behavior is not acceptable in the military.
Reckless / Careful
7. The lieutenants argued because their opinions greatly.
differed/ difference

BOOK 22 LESSON 2 41
 Grammar I love freshly baked bread.

Listen to the advertisement, and write the missing words.

How would you like to wake up to the smell of

© ___________ . ___________ ?

Now you can with © ___________ _____________

Simply push a few buttons and pour our

© ____________________ ______________ into
the machine the night before, and let ©

do the work for you!

❖ We describe nouns using noun phrases. Noun phrases are made up of determiners,
adverbs, adjectives, and nouns. They usually occur in the order below.

© © © © ) ©
determiner adverb adjective adjective noun 1 main noun
quantifier opinion fact, physical used as an j
pronoun judgment description adjective

the very friendly police officer

a really interesting newspaper article
his extremely ■......... old Japanese books
a dozen beautiful red roses

EXERCISE A Label each word with a letter from the chart above.

B D F
1. freshly baked bread 3. excellent natural ingredients

2. our wonderful automatic bread maker 4. this efficient electric machine

AMERICAN LANGUAGE COURSE

 EXERCISE B Put the words in parentheses in the correct order.

1. Every day I have the same routine

(routine / same / the)
2. I sit at ________ ______and look for jobs in the newspaper.
(small / table / my / kitchen)
3. Yesterday morning I saw ____________
(want / very / ad / interesting / a)
4. It was fo r.
(exciting / an / company / new)
5. The company wants
(young / smart / a / graduates / college / few)
6. They want travel agents to send people to ___________________________
(beautiful / countries / foreign)
7. But, it sounds like _______________________ to me.
(office / a / job / boring)

EXERCISE C Select the best answer.

If we have more than one adjective to give a physical description, we usually use the
4 following order:

adjective (fact/physical description)

main noun
size age color origin material

large new blue French wooden doors

1. I like your 3. Tanya bought a .

a. boots Italian black a. silver Japanese car new
b. black Italian boots b. new silver Japanese car
c. Italian black boots c. car silver new Japanese

2. He’s wearing a __ in that picture. 4. I bought six

a. green wool sweater a. plastic clear cups small
b. green sweater wool b. clear plastic small cups
c. wool sweater green c. small clear plastic cups

BOOK 22 LESSON 2 ■3
 EXERCISE D Listen, and write each word you hear in the correct category.

determiner adjective adjective

quantifier adverb (opinion (fact, physical
pronoun judgment) description)

II. With a partner, take turns describing the nouns with three words from the
categories above.

1. soccer players 4. test result

2. concert 5. military uniforms
3. summer vacation 6. classmate
I

EXERCISE E Improve the advertisement by adding more descriptive words.

_______________

Use the words from the gray box a n d /o r your own words.

attractive famous popular terrific

dependable interesting special
beneficial great powerful wonderful

1. CAR: A powerful new red European sports car is on sale now.

2. BIKE: Are you looking fo r. __________ bike?

3. VACATION: Do you need______ vacation?

4. PLACE: Travel to _________ ___place.

5. STORE: store is opening soon.

6. FURNITURE: _furniture is for sale.

44 AMERICAN LANGUAGE COURSE

 Writing Combining two sentences into one

Write a sentence by combining two sentences and removing any unnecessary words.

1. Read the directions. They are at the top of the page.

Read the directions at the top of the page._________________________

2. I’d like to take a nice vacation. I’d like to take a long vacation.

3. I just bought a new refrigerator. It has an ice-maker.

4. I have a cousin. He’s living in Jamaica.

5. My brother has a large black dog. It’s a hunting dog.

6. Do you see those young men? They are waiting at the bus stop.

7. Our instructor is going to show us a new weapon. It’s used by the army.

8. He bought a gold ring for his wife. It’s very beautiful.

9. Can you read this note? It’s written in Spanish.

10. The students need to go to the book room. They don’t have books.

BOOK 22 LESSON 2 45
 Dial ogs Describing and identifying people

Choose a suspect from Appendix J and fill out the chart.

Oakridge City Police Department

Suspect Description Form
SEX: AGE: WEIGHT: HEIGHT: JEWELRY: /GLASSES:

/
//
HAIR COLOR: EYE COLOR: SKI!'J COLOR: WEAPON: /TIE:

dark
medium
yes
no
9 -COAT:
light

HAI R LENGTH: FACIAL HAIR: IDENTIFYING MARKS & "SHIRT:

LOCATION (tattoos, scars, etc.):
long
medium PANTS:
short

OTHER: VOICE DESCRIPTION (accent, -SHOES:

low, high, etc.):

EXERCISE A Use the chart to describe the suspect to your partner.

He appears to be
in his mid-50s and is Is it suspect
wearing a dark-colored number two?
hat, reading glasses,
a light-colored T-shirt,
jeans, and tennis
shoes.

46 AMERICAN LANGUAGE COURSE

 EXERCISE B Read the dialog with a partner.

Operator: 9-1-1. What’s your emergency? -'

Neighbor: I just saw a man break my neighbor’s window and enter the house.
Operator: What did the man look like?
Neighbor: He was pretty tall, about six feet, and he was wearing a black shirt and jeans.
Operator: Can you remember any other details, like hair color or approximate weight?
Neighbor: He was far away, so I couldn’t see him very well. But, I think he had brown
hair and was thin, maybe 150 pounds.

EXERCISE C Role-play the following situations in groups of three.

I
MISSING ELDERLY PERSON
I CRIME INCIDEN'
1
A Mr. Smith A Ms. Jones
B Operator B Operator
C Police officer C Police officer
Mr. Smith calls police about his missing Ms. Jones calls the police about someone
elderly father. The operator asks for a full entering her garage and stealing her car.
physical description of Mr. Smith’s father The operator asks for a full description
and when he was last seen. The operator of the suspect and the car. The operator
then reports the information to a police then gives the information to a police
officer. officer.

EXERCISE D With a partner, take turns describing people you know.

Choose a person fro m the gray box.

a former instructor a sports coach

your best friend a former boss

My cousin is a tall man
your commander a relative with brown hair and brown
eyes. He’s a lawyer in
a childhood friend a co-worker
California and is married
with three children.

BOOK 22 LESSON 2 47
 Skills Listening for the topic and writing a paraphrase

I. Listen. Then select the topic of the text.

a. the history of farming

b. a method of farming called slash and burn

c. protecting the earth’s environment

II. Listen. Then write the topic of the text.

TOPIC:____________________________________

EXERCISE Write a paraphrase._______________________________________

Read a text three times. Retell the text to three different people; then, write the paraphrase below.

48 AMERICAN LANGUAGE COURSE

 Vocabulary Review of new words from Lesson 2

Complete the text with words fro m the gray box.

latter notes due to former patience

Hank and Betty Clark met in a high school chemistry class where they
often got in trouble for passing O _________________ to each
other. After graduation, they decided to get married and were
pronounced husband and wife on August 9, 1960. They
recently celebrated their 50th wedding anniversary, and they
believe that a happy marriage is © _________________
two things: accepting one another’s faults, and having
© _________________with one another. Betty and Hank say
the O _________________reason means that they stopped
trying to change each other. The © _________________
reason means that they learned to listen more and argue less.

EXERCISE A Match the two parts to make statements and questions.

1. Mike received a ticket for a. not very simple.

2. The rules of baseball are b. you should only eat plain food.
3. I’m extremely tired, c. this computer program?
4. Are you familiar with d. reckless driving.
5. If your stomach is upset, e. yet I don’t feel like going to sleep.

EXERCISE B Discuss these questions in small groups.

1. If you could change one physical feature about yourself, what would it be?
2. Of all your former jobs, which one was the most interesting?
3. If your boss designated you for a special job, what would you like it to be?
4. Do you consider yourself a patient person? Why or why not?

BOOK 22 LESSON 2 49
EXERCISE C Select the best answer.

1. When Ben turned 19, he finally 7. During the hurricane, city officials
his older brother in height. _____ that the situation was an
a. spotted emergency.
b. declared a. spotted
c. ran across b. differed
d. caught up with c. declared
d. nominated
2. We are celebrating tonight
due to ______ 8. People say I’m patient because
a. John didn’t get promoted I _______
b. John was arrested a. enjoy working with children
c. John’s promotion b. never wait long for anything
d. John’s problem c. always drive fast
d. get angry easily
3. Your walls are too ______You need
to put up some photos or paintings. 9. There was a huge traffic accident.
a. plain cars were involved.
b. huge a. Few
c. latter b. Twenty
d. reckless c. Two
d. Not many
4. The math problem is quite complex.
It’l l _____ to solve. 10. Jim was found guilty of stealing a car
a. be difficult and has been in _____ for two years.
b. take no time a. jail
c. be no problem b. note
d. take little thought c. feature
d. suspect
5. After yelling for hours during a
soccer game, Jeff lost h is______ 11. The hotel’s m ain_____ is on the
a. note north side of the building.
b. voice a. object
c. entrance b. patience
d. difference c. entrance
d. ambulance
6. M y _____ lens is broken. I need to
have it replaced. 12. Mr. James w as_____ to lead the
a. car meeting.
b. gun a. choked
c. oven b. shouted
d. camera c. arrested
d. designated

50 AMERICAN LANGUAGE COURSE

3
A weekend
project

READING: Identifying the correct pronoun referen t......................... 53

VOCABULARY: Building a birdhouse........................................................ 54

GRAMMAR: I believe (that) you are right...............................................58

VOCABULARY: Assembling the b ird h o u se............................................... 60

READING: Summarizing information from an outline......................64

GRAMMAR: He doesn’t have a car, but he does have a boat.................66

VOCABULARY: Putting the finishing touches on the birdhouse................68

SPEAKING: Changes in word stress determined by context................71

GRAMMAR: Adding -ful and -less to make adjectives......................... 72

DIALOGS: Are you a h an d y m an ?..................................................... 75

VOCABULARY: Review of new words from Lesson 3 ............................... 77

LISTENING: Writing the main i d e a ..................................................... 78

BOOK 22 LESSON 3 51
 Preview What’s new in Lesson 3?

NEW VOCABULARY

Nouns saw Other

aim scissors back and forth
beauty shovel bare
board tip blunt
bolt workshop clockwise
carpenter coarse
device Verbs
counterclockwise
drill adhere (to) fine
entry bore
-ful
glue dig/dug/dug
-less
goggles drill
stationary
hammer drive/drove/driven

hole enable

motion glue

nail grip
pliers join

rust sand

sandpaper saw

GRAMMAR STRUCTURES LANGUAGE FUNCTION

Scientists believe (that) the air will Inquire about and express the purpose of
become cleaner. tools, devices, and materials.
He doesn’t have a car, but he does have a What tools and materials do I need
boat. to build a fence?
The flags are very colorful. You need boards and nails. You
Water is a colorless liquid. need a saw to cut the boards and a
hammer to drive the nails.

52 AMERICAN LANGUAGE COURSE

 Reading Identifying the correct pronoun referent

Read, the texts, and write the word that each pronoun refers to.

When traveling in a military vehicle, the following procedures must be followed:

The vehicle can be operated only by a qualified driver. It must be inspected every 24
hours. Also, Form 2878 must be filled out. It includes questions about the location of
the spare tire, tire-changing equipment, the first-aid kit, and the fire extinguisher.

1. The pronoun it in the second line refers to _______________________

2. The pronoun it in the third line refers to

If a vehicle breaks down during an operation, first attempt to repair it. If the
vehicle cannot be repaired, tow it. If the vehicle cannot be towed, two people must
remain to defend the vehicle. Be certain that they have the necessary equipment,
food, and water. If the vehicle could fall into enemy hands, destroy or disable it.

1. The pronoun it in the first line refers to _________________________

2. The pronoun they in the third line refers to

3. The pronoun it in the fourth line refers to

BOOK 22 LESSON 3 M
Vocabulary Building a birdhouse

Introduction
This birdhouse is a do-it-yourself project for
beginning carpenters of all ages. It requires
some basic tools and woodworking skills
and just a few hours in the workshop. The
finished birdhouse will bring beauty to your
backyard. More importantly, it will attract
colorful birds with their lively songs and
interesting behaviors. Here is what you’ll
need to get started.

Tools

R eq u ired : O p tional:
power drill pliers
screwdriver scissors (for metal)
hammer shovel
hand saw or circular saw

54 AMERICAN LANGUAGE COURSE

 Materials & Equipment

Required: Optional:
safety goggles 2 bolts with nuts
nails 8' metal pole
wood glue bird-safe paint
sandpaper paint brush
2 small hinges copper sheet metal
a small latch
a board 1/2" thick (See diagram.)

Diagram

-31.25"-
6.75’

BOOK22 LESSON 3 55
 EXERCISE A Look at the pictures, and write down what you have on hand.
Then, check the tools, materials, and equipment lists fro m the previous pages. Write the required
items you still need.

have on hand need

hinges and latch

EXERCISE B With a partner, compare the workshops from Appendix J.

No, I have a circular

saw. Is there a hammer
in your workshop?

56 AMERICAN LANGUAGE COURSE

EXERCISE C Complete each advertisement with a word from the box.

carpenters bolt sandpaper glue boards goggles workshop beauty

Does your skin feel more like

If you’re tired of carpet in your living
________ _________ than the
room, try a beautiful hardwood
floor! Stop by our store to see our smooth skin you were born with?
Experience soft, healthy skin today with
variety of natural wood and artificial
our new skin-care products.

Garage Solutions
CLEANING MADE EASY ©
| Turn your
Are you looking for a cleaning disorganized garage
l© product that can remove
__ ____ ____ and other
into a terrific
! Purchase
sticky substances? Get immediate our shelves and tables t<) hold all
results with “Stick No fvlore.” your tools and equipmerit.
m

@ CIO G REEN ! • * BOB’S HARDWARE

Increase the. We have a huge selection of all
of your home by using our Greencare types of fasteners. Purchase
yard system. We keep your grass _______________ by the piece
green and your yard beautiful. or by the box at unbelievable prices.

+ SAFETY FIRST + © $$ Help Wanted! $$

| Check out our selection of safety We’re looking for skilled
j products online. You could win a pair of
1
m
* protective . .. _ _ just 1 to make kitchen cabinets.
1
I for visiting our website! Good hours and great pay!
a

BOOK 22 LESSON 3 57
 Grammar I believe (that) you are right

main clause direct object (that) noun clause

subject main verb subject verb other words

believe think
Scientists know doubt the air will become cleaner,
imagine predict
(that)
The facts show indicate there isn’t a problem.
suggest point out

Verbs that take (that) +noun clause are usually verbs of mental activity or
* communication.

EXERCISE A Match each question with its answer.

1. Did Jon announce he’s retiring? a. Yes, he told us last week.

2. Is living in the US expensive? b. They don’t think that it’s a good idea.
3. Will it rain next week? c. No, data shows costs are decreasing.
4. How do the workers feel d. Yes, the weatherman predicted that
about the new policy? there will be thunderstorms.

58 AMERICAN LANGUAGE COURSE

 EXERCISE B Combine the two sentences into one sentence.

1. Basic training will be tough. The recruit doesn’t realize this.

The recruit doesn’t realize (that) basic training will be tough.

2. The schedule has changed. Did you forget?

3. Soccer is the world’s most popular sport. Many people agree.

4. Diane is a good student. The teacher recognizes this.

5. The man’s death wasn’t an accident. The police concluded this.

6. I only wanted to help you. Do you understand?

[ ^ [ 3 ^ 3 ^ 3 3 1 With a partner, take turns finishing each other’s sentences.

Use the verbs in the box as the main verb to start your sentence. Use your own words for the rest.

point out expect decide

know think show
believe explain notice

BOOK 22 LESSON 3 59
 Vocabulary Assembling the birdhouse

Important Safety Note Tool Care

Adhere to all safety rules in your workshop. Always Be sure to keep your hand tools clean and sharp.
read the operating instructions for power tools. Rust can form quickly on metal tools and slowly eat
Inspect them before each use for bare wires or other away their sharp edges. Wipe off dirt after each use,
damage. Use all power tools with caution, and do not and remove any rust with coarse sandpaper. Blunt
allow children to use such devices. Children should tools require more work and are not as safe to use as
always be closely supervised in a workshop. Put on sharp ones. Sharpen tools when needed.
safety goggles before using any tools.

Assembling the Birdhouse

Follow these easy step-by-step instructions to assemble your birdhouse.

O Measure and mark the boards according © Using a 1.5-inch drill attachment, bore
to the diagram, and then saw them to size. a hole into Board A, according to the dia­
If using a hand saw, move it back and forth gram. This will allow entry into the bird­
in an even motion. Using a circular saw will house.
enable you to cut the boards more quickly.

60 AMERICAN LANGUAGE COURSE

© Join the bottom edge of Board A to the Q With the hammer, drive a small nail into
short edge of Board G. Drill two very small each of the holes. Repeat Steps 3-4 until the
holes through the bottom where the boards back and both sides (Boards B, E, and F) of
meet. Apply wood glue to the edges of the the birdhouse are joined together.
two pieces of wood, and hold them together
until they begin to adhere to each other.

© To make the roof, glue the bigger, sta­ © Finally, to keep the roof closed, attach
tionary roof piece (Board C) to the top of the latch to the bottom edge of the mov­
the birdhouse. Drill four small holes, and able side of the roof and the side of the
nail the board into place. Attach the two birdhouse.
small hinges to the top edge of the roof with Now you are ready to put the finishing
screws. Then attach the smaller, movable touches on your birdhouse.
roof piece (Board D) to the hinges.

BOOK 22 LESSON 3 61
 EXERCISE A Write T for true or F for false.
Use the new vocabulary to explain your answers.

_____ 1. Check that all power tool wires are insulated and undamaged.
_____ 2. Move the hand saw in only one direction.
_____ 3. When you saw a board in half, use a smooth motion.
_____ 4. A 0.5-inch hole should be made for the entry to the birdhouse.
_____ 5. Join the edges of Boards A and G before attaching the roof.
_____ 6. Drive glue into the boards to keep them together.
_____ 7. Wait until the glue begins to adhere before you continue driving the nails.

EXERCISE B Write synonyms for the words in italics.

Use words fro m this lesson.

1. Use that power tool to bore a hole in this board.

2. Many people use unpainted wood to build fences.

3. This sandpaper is made o f large pieces of sand.

4. It is hard to stop the forward movement of a large vehicle.

5. Maxine is a person who can build things from wood.

6. The small trees are moving in one direction and then
another in the wind.
7. This special machine can be used instead of a hammer
to drive nails.
8. My husband has a special place where he makes things
out o f wood or metal.

62 AMERICAN LANGUAGE COURSE

 EXERCISE C Listen to the instructions, and put the pictures in order.

Write the number of the step in the box.

\\ V

'" " I B

EXERCISE D Select a word from the gray box to write on the line.

adhere devices glue

holes enabled
blunt drive rust

Scientists discovered two very old tools in Colorado last week. Both tools were com­

pletely covered with O _________________, and their edges were © _________________

from years of being under the earth. Of the two © _________________that they found,

one was probably used for boring © _________________through wood. The second tool

was broken into many small pieces. However, by using similar tools as a model, the

scientists were able to © ____________________the pieces back together again. This

© ____________________ them to determine that the tool was a hammer used to

O ____________________ nails. This process is an example of how scientists

© ___________________ to strict methods for handling old materials.

BOOK 22 LESSON 3 63
 Reading Summarizing information from an outline

Select the best summary of the outline.

THREE TYPES OF PARENTS

I. The friend
A. Provides guidance, not punishment
B. Children learn from mistakes

II. The helicopter

A. Always around their children
(tls B. Rescues/protects children from a bad world
(pfc
III. The drill sergeant
(% A. Uses discipline
^ B. Children have no choices
(_ m
(i,
(\

SUMMARY:

a. There are three types of parents. These are the friend, the helicopter, and
the drill sergeant.

b. The parent who is a friend lets children learn from their mistakes and provides
them with guidance instead of punishment.

c. The best type of parent is the helicopter because children are always safe and
protected from danger.

64 AMERICAN LANGUAGE COURSE

 EXERCISE Write a summary of the information below.

Three basic styles of learning

Listening
• learner must hear information
• learns by following instructions

Seeing
• learner must see examples
• learns by following models

Touching/experiencing
• learner must do or try something
• learns from own mistakes

BOOK 22 LESSON 3 65
Grammar He doesn’t have a car, but he does have a boat

We often use do, does, or did to make a

* statement stronger, especially to show contrast.

EXERCISE A Complete each dialog with do, does, or did.

1. Michael: Do you need to stop at the bank?

Gary: No, but I _________ need to stop at the post office.

2. John: Why didn’t you finish college?

Paul: What do you mean? I _________ graduate from college.

3. Alex: Does Cristiano still work here?

Ryan: He doesn’t work here anymore, but h e _________ work across the street.

4. Owen: Do we need to wear our uniforms tomorrow?

Darren: Yes. W e_________ need to wear them.

66 AMERICAN LANGUAGE COURSE

 EXERCISE B Complete each sentence with your own words.

Use do, does, or did. Answers w ill vary.

1. Do you like to go fishing?

No, I don’t like to go fishing, but I . do like to go hunting

2. Did you go to Paris last summer?

No, I didn’t. However, I ________
3. Does the leader of your country have the power to make laws?
No. But h e __________________________________________
4. Does your country have hurricanes?
It doesn’t have hurricanes, but i t ___
5. Did your classmates take a vacation last week?
They didn’t take a vacation, b u t____________
6. Do you like to study grammar?
I don’t like grammar. On the other hand,_____
7. Did you have coffee for breakfast?
No. I didn’t have coffee, b u t_______________

EXERCISE C Follow your teacher’s directions.

BOOK 22 LESSON 3 67
 Voca bula u i
Putting the finishing touches on the birdhouse

Preparing the Exterior of the Birdhouse

Sand the rough areas on the outside of the If your aim is to attract birds, it’s best to
birdhouse with fine sandpaper. Don’t sand leave the wood bare. If you choose to paint
inside the birdhouse because the baby birds it, be sure the paint is safe for birds. Allow
can’t climb a smooth surface. the paint to dry before hanging the house.
Finally, if you’d like to add a metal roof,
use the pair of sheet-metal scissors to cut
the copper into one-inch strips which are
the width of the roof. Using the hammer
and small nails, attach the strips one by one,
starting at the peak of the roof.

Hanging the Birdhouse

This type of birdhouse should be hung five If you want to install a pole for your bird­
feet above the ground so that birds won’t be house, dig a hole three feet deep in the
defenseless against cats and other animals. ground with the shovel. Drill two holes
It can be hung on a fence, from a tree, or on through the back of the birdhouse and the
a pole. top of the pole. Insert the bottom tip of the
pole into the hole, and replace all the dirt.
Put bolts through the holes in the back of the
birdhouse and the pole. Attach a nut to each
bolt. To tighten, grip the nut with the pair
of pliers, and turn the bolt clockwise with a
screwdriver.
Remember, right is tight—turn clockwise;
left is loose—turn counterclockwise.

Maintenance Note
In the spring, simply wait for a pair of birds to move
in. When all the baby birds have moved out after the
nesting season, be sure to lift the roof and remove
the old nest. With a little maintenance, this birdhouse
will add beauty to your yard and provide needed
shelter for a family of birds each spring.

68 AMERICAN LANGUAGE COURSE

 EXERCISE A Put the instructions in order.

Assembling the birdhouse

a. Then, glue the edges, and drive a nail into each hole.

b. Drill a hole for the entry to the birdhouse.

c. Be sure tools are in good condition, and put on safety goggles.

d. Measure and saw the boards so that they’re the right size.

e. Join two boards, and bore two small holes through them.

f. Once all of the other pieces are joined, attach the roof.

Hanging the birdhouse from a pole

a. Then, put the tip of the pole into the hole and fill with dirt.

b. Put bolts through the holes in the birdhouse and pole, and tighten.

c. Using a shovel, dig a three-foot hole into the ground.

d. Bore two holes into the back of the birdhouse and the top of the pole.

EXERCISE B With a partner, put the verbs in the best category._________

Then, discuss which tools and materials are used with each verb.

adhere bore join sand glue

dig drill grip saw drive

to make a hole to attach things other

BOOK 22 LESSON 3 69
 EXERCISE C Write the word your teacher says on the first line.
Then, fin d the opposite o f that word in the gray box, and write it on the second line.

opposit
■ 1

1.
hold loosely

take apart 2.

clockwise 3.

coarse 4.

fill 5.
blunt
6.
bare
7.
moveable
8.

EXERCISE D Discuss these questions with a partner.

1. What electric device could 4. What enables a person to

you not live without? live a happy life?

2. What rules do you think all

people should adhere to? 5. What is your aim in life?

3. What do you think

Beauty is only skin deep” means?

70 AMERICAN LANGUAGE COURSE

 Speaking Change in word stress determined by context

Usual stress Change in stress

impolite He’s an impolite boy.

/ / /
out-of-state I have an out-of-state license.

I. Listen and mark the stress.

Listen to your instructor read the dialogs. M ark the stress in Line B. Then, respond to your
instructor’s questions, using the stress correctly.

1. A: Is your flight overnight?

B: Yes, it’s an overnight flight.

2. A: Are you hardworking?

B: Yes, I’m a hardworking guy.

3. A: Can we swim indoors?

B: Sure. The hotel has an indoor-pool.
/
4. A: Can I take a shower downstairs?
B: Yes. We have a downstairs bathroom.

II. Mark the stress, and read the dialogs with a partner.

1. A: Does this street go two-ways?

B: Yes, it’s a two-way street.

2. A: Is your kitchen upstairs?

B: Yes, we have an upstairs kitchen.

3. A: Have you been overseas?

B: No, I’ve never taken an overseas trip.
/
4. A: Is your daughter fourteen?
B: Yes, she’s a fourteen-year-old girl.

BOOK 22 LESSON 3 71
 Adding -ful and -less to make adjectives

Goodbye to Chief Salgado

On Tuesday, the Air Force will lose His commanding officer, Colonel
one of its most hardworking airmen when Joseph P. Rushdon said, “I know that
Chief Master Sergeant Juan Salgado Chief Salgado has been feeling restless,
officially retires. wanting to spend his days fishing and
Chief Salgado is respected by his co­ playing with his grandchildren, but we
workers for his thoughtful management will miss him. He’s had a successful tour
of personnel and general helpfulness to of duty here and the work he’s done for
everyone. our organization has been priceless.”

Noun Adjective

beauty beautiful Adjectives with the -ful

help helpful <£♦ suffix mean full of or
-ful = characterized by.
meaning meaningful

care careless
* Adjectives with the -less
sleep sleepless * suffix mean without.
+ -less =
penny penniless

EXERCISE A Complete the sentences with the correct adjective.

Use the word in the parentheses.

Some nouns can be followed by both -ful and -less. The meanings are opposite.

care power hope pam doubt

color thought meaning use

72 AMERICAN LANGUAGE COURSE

1. Lt Bayov is (care) in his work. He never checks it.

2. These flags are so (color). They’re really beautiful!

3. There’s nothing we can do. The situation is (hope).

4. Kate’s job is (meaning) because she teaches children.

5. I may have broken my ankle. It’s really (pain).

6. I don’t make big decisions at work. I’m (power') there.

7. Jack remembered my birthday. He’s a ('thoupht'l person.

8. Tom missed his flight. Tt’s (doubt) that he’ll arrive

tomorrow.

EXERCISE B Write the adjective form of the word in italics.

Some words can be followed only by -ful.

beauty play success forget*

force plenty wonder peace
: Forget is a verb, but - ful is commonly added to it to make an adjective.

Some words can be followed only by -less.

blame life guilt price

bottom point heart sense

1. Everyone talks about Mary’s beauty. She’s a __________ woman.

2. Nancy had no blame for the accident. She w as_________

3. There’s no point in doing this easy exercise. It seems___

4. Destroying that house makes no sense. The destruction is

5. Oscar has had a lot of success in the air force. He’s _____
6. Capt Gove forgets everything you tell him. He’s a _____ man.

BOOK 22 LESSON 3 73
 EXERCISE C Circle the adjective that best completes the sentence.

Some words can be followed by both -ful and -less, but the meanings are not opposites.

help law mind rest thank*

* T h a n k is a verb, but -ful and -less are commonly added to it to make adjectives,

1. You don’t need to think to do this work because it’s mindful I mindless.

2. Lawrence doesn’t know how to fix his car. He feels helpful/ helpless.

3. Col Collins had a great vacation. It was very restful / restless.

4. Debbie is thankful / thankless for the wonderful life she has.

5. This town has many criminals. It’s a lawless / lawful place.

6. I couldn’t sleep last night because I felt too restful / restless.

7. A dictionary is a very helpful / helpless book.

8. House cleaning is a thankful/ thankless job. No one seems to appreciate it.

9. Jenny is mindful / mindless of Mike’s food allergies when she cooks.

10. Soldiers must always follow lawful / lawless orders.

Describe someone using adjectives with -ful and -less.

Use the words in the boxes in this presentation to describe a frie n d or classmate to a partner.

My friend, Car
is always frien
and helpful, bi
think his stom
is bottomless.
loves to eat

74 AMERICAN LANGUAGE COURSE

 Dialogs Are you a handyman?

Write the name o f the item. Then, with a partner, describe each item and w hat it is used for.

BOOK 22 LESSON 3 75
 EXERCISE A Read each statement, and check yes if it’s true and no if it isn’t.

You might be a handyman if yo !

1. own more than 50 tools.

2. have your own workshop.

3. enjoy fixing things around the house.

4. • would rather do it yourself than hire someone.

5. visit home-improvement stores at least once a week.

6. get calls from your friends and family to fix their things.

If you marked ye.

SO, ARE YOU A HANDYMAN? 1
5-6 times, you’re a real handyman, so get to work.
3-4 times, you might be a part-time handyman.
0-2 times, call a professional.

EXERCISE B With a partner, describe how to build or fix something.

_______________
Use the new vocabulary and transitional words.

Here’s how you repair

a chair: What tools do you
First, you ... need to do that?
Then, you...
After that, ...

LU
76 AMERICAN LANGUAGE COURSE
 Vocabulary Review of new words from Lesson 3

Select the best answer.

1. I broke th e _____ of my pencil, so I had to sharpen it.

a. tip
b. device
c. eraser

2. The sand on this beach is very______

a. bare
b. blunt
c. fine
3. Tighten the bolts by turning them _____
a. clockwise
b. back and forth
c. counterclockwise
4. William’s _____ is to graduate from college in three years.
a. device
b. motion
c. aim
5. A ll_____ must be closed during the security exercise.
a. tips
b. boards
c. entries
6. The rough surface needs to b e _____
a. drilled
b. sanded
c. gripped

7. Have you ever ridden a _____ bicycle?

a. counterclockwise
b. stationary
c. bare
8. Some types of birds can _____ holes in trees.
a. dig
b. bore
c. saw

BOOK 22 LESSON 3 77
 Listening Writing the main idea

Listen, and write the main idea o f the text. Answers may vary.

MAIN IDEA:

78 AMERICAN LANGUAGE COURSE

4
Firearms in
America

VOCABULARY: US military fire a rm s.........................................................81

Firearms and am m u n itio n ...............................................82

SKILLS: Listening for the main idea and writing a paraphrase . . 85

GRAMMAR: I got fired............................................................................. 86

READING: Summarizing information from an outline.......................89

VOCABULARY: Going to a gun s h o w ......................................................... 90

GRAMMAR: Reported speech: Present perfect to past perfect .... 92

VOCABULARY: Americans’ opinions on gun control ............................. 96

SPEAKING: Participating in a group discussion ............................. 100

DIALOGS: Identifying firearm p a r t s ................................................ 101

GRAMMAR: Modal review ................................................................... 102

WRITING: Editing your w ritin g ....................................................... 105

VOCABULARY: Review of new words from Lesson 4 .......................... 107

READING: Identifying the correct pronoun referen t....................... 108

BOOK 22 LESSON 4 79
 Preview What’s new in Lesson 4?

NEW VOCABULARY

Nouns shell ^ Prefixes

ammunition sight ^ il-
barrel V ' tendency im-
bolt trigger in-
bullet ir-
Verbs
cartridge non-
arm
case
check off Other
casing
detect adequate
chamber
discharge essential
citizen
equip inner
ease
explode make sure
firearm
fire on account of
firing pin
ignite outer
magazine
interest thorough
pin
risk upper
point
powder tend
troubleshoot
round

GRAMMAR STRUCTURES LANGUAGE FUNCTION

My flight got canceled because of bad Identify and label the parts of handguns,
weather. rifles, and firearm equipment.
I asked her if she had read the new book. The bullet travels through the barrel
I was going to wash my clothes, but I ran at a very high speed.
out of laundry detergent. The magazine holds the cartridges
that will be fed into the weapon.

80 AMERICAN LANGUAGE COURSE

Vocabulary US military firearms

ifW
•c a s t. //•, -,v
p
/4
■'">•«,! | j& .1-1

* \ ***■ , \ \ £

BOOK 22 LESSON 4
 Vocabulary Firearms and ammunition

Common US Military Firearms

The US military arm s many of its the M4 and the M16 to permit effective
personnel with the M16 rifle or M4 car­ night and long-range shooting.
bine. Both firearms are gas operated and The M9 pistol is another common
magazine fed. These models can be fired military firearm. It uses a 9-millime­
on automatic, burst, and semi-automatic. ter cartridge, and the pistol’s maga­
The M l6, which was developed in the zine holds 15 of these rounds. The M9
1960s, provided soldiers with a lighter is now widely used in place of .45- and
weapon that fired faster than those used in .38-caliber pistols because of its higher-
the past. capacity magazine.
The M4 carbine is similar to the M l6, Parts of the M9 Pistol
but it is lighter and equipped with a
shorter barrel. The length of the M4 can chamber
be changed by adjusting the stock. These
features make the M4 easy to handle and
allow soldiers to rapidly engage targets.
Several different sights can be used on

Parts of the M16 Rifle

UPPER RECEIVER

sight

--- —

barrel

BOLT CARRIER ASSEMBLY

retaining pin I
f bolt cam pin

■ 1
■ HNH|
firing pin boit carrier b olt

82 AMERICAN LANGUAGE COURSE

 Ammunition
Before the shooter loads his weapon, he „ , „ .....
, ,, , , ... , . • Parts of a 9-Millimeter Round
should check the ammunition he is going
to use. The point of some bullets may be OUTER VIEW INNER VIEW
marked with a particular color to help iden­
tify them. The shooter should make sure
the cartridge casing, or shell, is not dented
or rusty. The bullet should fit tightly in the
casing.
Once the magazine is inserted, the
shooter must charge the weapon. This ac­
tion makes the bolt go forward. The bolt
drives the cartridge into the chamber where
it remains until it is discharged. When the
BOTTOM VIEW .
trigger is pulled, the firing pin strikes the primer ' '
primer, which ignites the gunpowder. The
gunpowder explodes, causing the bullet to
travel out of the barrel and toward the target.

EXERCISE A Write T for true or F for false.

1. The US military arms many personnel with the M14 rifle.

2. The shooter should check the ammunition before discharging his weapon.

3. The shooter should make sure the cartridge shell is not dented or rusty.

4. The bullet should be a little loose in the casing.

5. The sights are found on the upper part of the M l6.

6. The firing pin strikes the bottom part of the bullet.

7. The chamber is an inner part of the M l6.

8. The M4 is equipped with a longer barrel than the M l6.

9. A firearm can be discharged by removing the magazine.

10. Pulling the trigger causes the chamber to explode.

BOOK 22 LESSON 4 83
hl=m=lgMM^sM Write answers for the questions about firearms.

1. From where are cartridges fed into the M16 and M4?

2. In what three ways can the M16 and M4 be fired?

3. According to the text, how is the M4 different from the M l6?

4. How many cartridges can the M9 pistol magazine hold?

5. What should a shooter check before firing his weapon?

6. What happens when the firing pin strikes the primer?

Match each weapon or ammunition part with its function.

1. sight a. It strikes the primer during firing.

2. casing b. A part which permits night and long-range shooting.

3. firing pin c. Pulling this part starts the firing process.

4. bullet d. Its movement drives the cartridge into the chamber.

5. trigger e. The part of the round which exits the barrel.

6. chamber f. A weapon, such as a rifle or pistol, that is fired.

7. firearm g- It holds the cartridge until the gun is discharged.

8. bolt h. The part of a round that holds a bullet and the

gunpowder.

84 AMERICAN LANGUAGE COURSE

 Skills Listening for the main idea and writing a paraphrase

EXERCISE Write a paraphrase.________________________________________

Read a text three times. Retell the text to three different people; then, write the paraphrase below.

BOOK 22 LESSON 4 85
 Grammar I got fired.

Andrew: I had the worst day of my life yesterday.

Dan: Why? What happened?
Andrew: I got fired from the job I’d only had for one
week. Then, as I was leaving the parking lot in
my wife’s car, I got hit by another car. Now her
car has $2,500 in damage.
Dan: That’s terrible!
Andrew: But that’s not all. After I rented another car, I
realized I’d forgotten to pick up my children.
I drove too fast near their school, and I got
pulled over by the police. When I finally
arrived home and told my wife what happened,
she became very upset. She says she’s thinking
about getting divorced!
Dan: You’re right. That really was a bad day.

What happened to Andrew? (Use GET + a verb from the dialog)

1. First, h e ____________________________

2. Next, h e _________________________ b y __________________

3. Then, h e ____________________________ b y _______________

4. Finally, his wife says she’s thinking about___________________

GET passive is very common in informal conversation. It usually emphasizes

* unexpected or unplanned actions that happen to someone or something.

86 AMERICAN LANGUAGE COURSE

 EXERCISE B Match each question with an answer.

1. Why is your brother in the hospital?

2. Is your daughter planning to have a big wedding next summer?

3. Why haven’t you been driving to work in the last few weeks?

4. I have a lot of bills to take care of. When is our next payday?

5. What happened to the window in the front of your house?

a. No, she’s getting married later this month.

b. I’ve lost my license because I’ve gotten stopped for speeding several times.

c. He got hit by a car when he tried to cross the street.

d. It got broken by some children when they kicked a soccer ball through it.

e. We’ll get paid next Friday.

EXERCISE C Underline all parts of the active and passive verbs._____

Then, write A fo r active and P fo r passive.

1. Pete got hit in the head during the football game.

2. Pete got angry during the football game.

3. Rachel got elected as vice president by her classmates.

4. My parents’ car got dirty.

5. My parents’ car got pulled out of the snow.

6. Did Josh get blamed for the accident?

7. Did Josh get upset about the accident?

BOOK 22 LESSON 4 87
 Complete the sentences using the GET passive.

Use the words in parentheses.

1. E llen (promote) before other employees with more

experience because the boss liked her ideas.

2. H as Tim ('assign'! to a n ew d ep artm en t w ithin th e

company?

3. Peggy (accuse) of stealing expensive items from the

clothing store.

4, The meeting has (can cel! several tim es.

5. Did your flight (postpone) because of bad weather

near the airport?

6. Right now my bags are (in sp ect Y T h ey w ill b e p u t

on the plane before we take off.

7. The man floated in the ocean for hours after his boat sank. Luckily, he
__ (rescue) by a passing ship.

Categorize verbs that are commonly used with GET passive.

Write the p a st participle fo rm o f each verb in a category. Some m ay go in several categories.

sheet cancel fired inspect award promote

assign attack steal accuse postpone break

Work Crime Travel

shot

88 AMERICAN LANGUAGE COURSE

 Reading Summarizing information from an outline

Write a summary o f the information below.

VENOMOUS SNAKES IN THE US

Rattlesnake
• Regions: All states except Hawaii and Alaska
• Identifying features: Triangular head; rattle on end of tail
• Habitat: Prefers forests and rocky areas; often heard before seen

Cottonmouth
• Region: Southern, eastern, and midwestern states
• Identifying features: Triangular head; inside of mouth is white
• Habitat: Areas near water; often swims

Copperhead
• Regions: Northeastern, southern, and midwestern states
• Identifying features: Triangular head, brown to orange color
• Habitat: Forests or rocky areas; not easily seen on the ground

Coral snake
• Regions: Many states in the southern US
• Identifying features: Round head; black, yellow, and red bands
• Habitat: Underground or below leaves; usually stays hidden

SUMMARY:

BOOK 22 LESSON 4 89
 Vocabulary Going to a gun show

The Foxvllle Gun Show

p ij 21 & 22 November HgjH Knives!
The Jones Center MM Food!
Entrance $5 p iifji
S llsl ElSH Music!

Firearms, knives, and other weapons to check off on their wish lists, and their
interest many Americans. For this reason, visits often result in success.
gun shows are popular in many parts of the While attending a gun show, it’s
country. essential that shoppers follow established
Gun shows are organized by professional rales. Show organizers enforce strict
weapons dealers. The organizers of these rules on account of safety considerations
shows invite sellers to display weapons for and the laws that regulate gun shows.
sale. Prices are usually lower than those in If someone is carrying a gun during the
gun stores, and the selection of weapons show, for example, it must be unloaded
and carrying cases is more than adequate. at all times, and any ammunition must
Buyers who are not that familiar with be in a sealed container. Since gun show
guns can ask the sellers to explain how participants must strictly follow the law,
to clean, load, and troubleshoot different the sellers are thorough in obtaining the
kinds of firearms. Gun collectors visit required personal information from buyers
gun shows trying to find a particular gun and filling out purchase documents.

EXERCISE A Listen and write short answers to the questions.

1.

2.

3.

4.

90 AMERICAN LANGUAGE COURSE

EXERCISE B Complete each sentence with a word from the box.

case adequate interests

check off extreme
essential on account of troubleshoot

1. Knowledge of mathematics i s _________________for an engineer.

2. Chad likes several sports, but soccer_________________him the most.

3. Make sure you_________________each item on the list as we do our shopping.

4. My car isn’t running properly. The mechanic w ill_________________it for me.

5. Some students complain they don’t have_________________ time for homework.

6. The firefighters thought there might be a chemical leak, so they approached the
accident area w ith_________________caution.

7. Officials decided to close all the schools in the district____________________

many new cases of the flu.

8. When I’m not wearing my glasses, I keep them in a hard plastic_______________

so they don’t get damaged.

EXERCISE C Discuss the questions with a partner.______________________

1. Do guns, knives, or other weapons interest you? Why or why not?

2. Are people allowed to own guns in your country? Are they allowed to carry guns?

3. Do you think it’s okay for one person to own a large number of weapons?

4. Are there some types of weapons that should be illegal?

5. Is it common in your culture for families to pass weapons down from one
generation to the next?

BOOK 22 LESSON 4
 Grammar Reported speech: Present perfect to past perfect

He told me that he
had answered all his
/ W hat did Capt e-mail, but he hadn’t
Jones tell you finished the report for
before he left?

V weekend.

SrA Garcia
C apt Jones

Reported

When reporting the present perfect, change it to the past perfect.

Direct Statement
I haven’t finished the report.
Reported Statement
said
He (that) he hadn’t finished the report.
told me

Direct YES/NO Question

Have you ever been to Paris?

if
I asked (her) she had ever been to Paris.
whether

Direct INFORMATION Question

How many
have you seen this movie?
times
Reported Question
how many
I asked (him) he had seen this movie.
times

92 AMERICAN LANGUAGE COURSE

 EXERCISE A Underline the differences between the two sentences.

1. Mr. Kim: The trip has been postponed.

He told us (that) the trip had been postponed.
2. Ms. Michaels: Do you know where the teacher has gone?
She asked (me) if I knew where the teacher had gone.
3. SSgt Berg: The recruits have adjusted well to the demands of basic training.
He said (that) the recruits had adjusted well to the demands of basic training.
4. Lt Hatch: I haven’t gotten used to this base.
She said (that) she hadn’t gotten used to this base.
5. Ms. Sams: How many women have been elected president?
She asked how many women had been elected president.

Write answers to the questions. Use reported speech.

1. Bill: Have you ever fired a gun?

Angie: Yes, I’ve fired a gun many times.
Chuck: What did Angie tell you about her gun experience?
Bill: Angie told me (that)______________________________________

2. Dave: Have you voted yet?

Mother: No, son. I will go after I take you to soccer practice.
Dad: What did Dave ask Mom?
Ellen: He asked (her) i f ____________________________

3. Lee: Have they declared a winner in the election?

Ida: No, not yet.
Jackie: What did Lee ask you?
Ida: He asked i f _________________ _________

BOOK 22 LESSON 4 93
 EXERCISE C Read the dialog between Erika and her coworker, John.

Erika: Hi, John! You can sit at my table to eat your lunch. How have you been?1

John: I’m fine, thanks. And you?

Erika: I’m okay, but I have worked a lot in the last few months.21 really need a
vacation. Have you ever been to Egypt?3 I’ve been thinking about going on
vacation there.

John: No, I haven’t been to Egypt yet.4 But my friends who’ve been there have said
good things about it.5

Erika: Where was your best vacation?

John: I love Thailand. I’ve gone there twice.6

Erika: I’ve never been anywhere!7 You’ve gone on great vacations every year, and
I’ve stayed home!8 I’m definitely going on a vacation this year.

Erika sees her frie n d Carol the next day at w ork and tells her about her conversation with John.
Complete the sentences with reported speech.

1. I asked John______________________ how he had been_____________________

2. I said that______________ I had worked a lot in the last few months___________

3. I asked him __________________________________________________________

4. He told me that_______________________________________________________

5. but that_____________________________________________________________

I also asked him where his best vacation had been,

6. and he said that_______________________________________________________

7. I told him that________________________________________________________

8. I also said that_______________________________________________________

94 AMERICAN LANGUAGE COURSE

 EXERCISE D Write sentences to report the direct speech.

1. Dana: Has the test been postponed?

2. Lynn: We have done our homework.

3. Paul: Have the musicians recorded a CD?

4. Major Bianco: I haven’t seen the test results yet.

5. Lt Marx: Have you eaten lunch?

EXERCISE E Listen to your classmates, and report what they say.

Follow your teacher’s instructions.

Mike Pete Jessica

BOOK 22 LESSON 4 95
Vocabulary Americans’ opinions on gun control

For many years, Americans have argued about the right to own and carry guns.
These arguments concern a law which was created early in the history of the US. Some
Americans understand the law to mean that only the police and military should be
permitted to use guns. Others understand it to mean that anyone can own a gun if they
use it legally. We asked some Americans what they think, and here is what we found out.

I believe that the sale and availability of guns

should be better controlled. It’s complete nonsense
that firearms can be obtained with so much ease.

Gun control supporters are impossible to talk

Victor to. They have lost sight of reality. All citizens
are safer when they are able to have guns to
protect themselves.

Darla
Gun owners are irresponsible. People who own
guns have a tendency to use them. It can be
very dangerous out there.

Some people believe that gun problems are

created by shop owners who risk selling guns
to criminals. But the real problems are caused
by ineffective law enforcement.

Every day police are on duty to detect guns on

people who enter public schools or government
buildings. Doesn’t that show our country has a
problem with firearms?

George People who object to guns tend to be stupid.

Most gun owners don’t use their weapons
illegally. If I want to shoot my gun at a firing
range or on my ranch, that’s my decision. No
one can take away my right to own a gun.
Buck

96 AMERICAN LANGUAGE COURSE

 EXERCISE A Write T for true or F for false.

1. Arguments about gun laws in the US have been occurring for a long time.
2. Victor thinks firearms should be difficult to obtain.
3. Begonia thinks that most gun owners are responsible.
4. George thinks the US has problems with firearms.
5. Darla believes that guns make the US a safer place.
6. Clint thinks shop owners are responsible for gun problems.
7. Buck believes that it’s his right to own and shoot a gun.

EXERCISE B Write a synonym for the word(s) in italics.

Use words from this lesson.

1. The Brazilian team won the game with little effort.

2. It’s not possible to travel to the sun.

3. When people are very tired, they usually make errors.

4. Janet is not responsible at work.

5. Alex took a chance with all his money in a bet and won.

6. The police use dogs to discover illegal drugs.

EXERCISE C Match the two parts to make a sentence.

1. The outer doors a. upper part of the machine.

2. I can’t reach the b. the team with uniforms.
3. The coach will equip c. to citizens of this country.
4. Did you make sure d. out of its case?
5. This law applies only e. you turned the oven off?
6. Could you take your violin f. must remain closed in winter.

BOOK 22 LESSON 4 97
 EXERCISE D Underline the five prefixes that are used to make opposites.

WORD OPPOSITE

possible impossible

regular * irregular

legal illegal

formally informally

sense nonsense

These five prefixes mean not or the opposite of. They can be added to the beginning
* of adjectives, adverbs, and nouns.

Circle the word that best completes the sentence.____________

1. It’s legal I illegal to drive through an intersection when the light is red.
2. Don’t pack any essential / nonessential items because we don’t have much room.
3. Bosses want employees who can handle lots of responsibility / irresponsibility.
4. There are no clouds in the sky, so it’s probable / improbable that it will rain.
5. We’re looking for a home in a convenient / an inconvenient location.
6. My great-grandmother’s antique table is replaceable / irreplaceable.
7. Susan is eligible I ineligible for the job because she’s too young.
8. Jeff gave his speech perfectly / imperfectly. He made no mistakes.
9. Margie wanted to get a refund, but her purchase was refundable / nonrefundable.
10. I can’t read your writing. It’s completely legible / illegible.*

* 1) legible: writing that is clear enough to read

2) illegible: not clear enough to read

98 AMERICAN LANGUAGE COURSE

 EXERCISE F Write the word that goes with each set of phrases.

sight point shell powder pin barrel

o _________________ ©

rifle_____ shotgun

_____ of wine egg

p er_____ sea

@ _____________________

rear_____ |

disappear from _____ |

love at first_____

EXERCISE G Use the collocations in Ex. F to complete the sentences._______

1. I need som e______________________ to hang up these wet shirts on the line.

2. T he______________________ went through the bottom of the builder’s shoe.

3. Be careful with explosive materials, such a s _______________________

4. My daughter likes to walk along the beach and pick u p _______________________

5. Filling up your gas tank is so expensive right now because the price of oil increased
to eighty dollars_______________________

6. When I met her, I knew that she was the perfect woman for me. There’s no doubt
it w as_______________________

BOOK 22 LESSON 4 99
 Speaking Participating in a group discussion

R ead the information below. Then, with a partner, write reasons why people should and sh o u ld n ’t
own guns.

The US Constitution gives Americans the right to bear arms. This means that they have
the legal right to own and carry guns. However, there are many federal and state gun laws
which determine the types of guns people can have and who can have them.
Many people in the US disagree about the exact meaning of “the right to bear arms.”
Some people believe that gun laws should be stricter or that regular citizens shouldn’t
be allowed to own guns at all. Others believe that gun laws are already too strict and that
people who own guns should have more freedom.

R e a s o n s p e o p le s h o u ld R e a s o n s p e o p le s h o u ld n o t
h a v e guns: have guns:

1. 1.

EXERCISE Follow your teacher’s instructions.

People shouldn’t be I disagree. People

able to have guns for the should have the right to
following reasons ... own guns because ...

S '*

100 AMERICAN LANGUAGE COURSE

 Dialogs Identifying firearm parts

Listen to your teacher. Circle the letter o f the correct part.

1. a. barrel 4. a. bullet
b. firing pin b. sight
c. chamber c. trigger

2. a. magazine 5. a. powder
b. pin b. shell
c. stock c. round

3. a. barrel 6. a. magazine
b. bolt b. hammer
c. cartridge c. chamber

EXERCISE Label the parts of the M16 rifle.

BOOK 22 LESSON 4 101

 Grammar Modal review

To talk abo ut... Modals Examples

You can have either beef or chicken.

possibility can Can we study for the quiz tonight?

I was going to call you, but I didn ’t

have time.
past intention was/were going to
We were going to go to the concert,
but it was canceled.

We’ll be unable to attend the wedding.

incapability be unable to Josh is unable to drive a car because
he’s only eight years old.

You’d better close your car windows

because it’s beginning to rain.
strong advice had better
Carl has flu symptoms, so he’d better
get some rest.

EXERCISE A Complete the dialog with modals from the gray box.___________
Use each modal only once.

had better can was going to was unable to were going to

Leo: Hi Tim. Where were you last night? I thought y ou_________________________

come to my apartment to study.
Tim: I _______________________________ go to your apartment, but I ___________
_________________________ start my car. Someone had to give me a ride today.

Leo: You_________________________ ask a mechanic to check your car.

Tim: But I don’t know any good mechanics in this city.
Leo: You__________________________ask our class or teacher for a recommendation.
Tim: Good idea. I’ll do that.

102 AMERICAN LANGUAGE COURSE

 EXERCISE B Match each statement with its response.

1. The street is flooded. a. Can you see the entire city from there?
2. I have a week of vacation. b. You can take a bus or a taxi.
3. My office is in a tall building. c. Can’t we go another way?
4. I can’t go to the mall tonight. d. Can you get them repaired?
5. I don’t have a car. e. You can come visit me then.
6. I broke my glasses. f. Can you go tomorrow?

Answer the questions with be unable to.____________________

Answers may vary.

1. Jack has class from 8:00 a.m. to 4:00 p.m. on Saturday. He’s been invited to Ruth’s
birthday party at 2:00 p.m. What should Jack tell Ruth?
I’m sorry, but I’ll be unable to attend your party on Saturday._________________

2. Lightning struck a tree in the forest. Now a large fire is burning out of control, and
it’s unsafe for firefighters to be in the area. What should the fire chief tell TV news
reporters?

3. Pam bought a new printer for her home computer. She tried to connect it without
success. What should Pam tell the computer help center when she calls?

4. Ted was ready to buy a video game online, but the website refused his credit card.
What should Ted ask his bank when he calls to find out why?

5. Someone has stolen money from a local bank. Police have received a detailed
description of the suspect but haven’t found him yet. What should the police tell
local city leaders?

BOOK 22 LESSON 4 103

 EXERCISE D Complete the sentences using your own words.
Use was going to oi were going to in Numbers 4, 5, and 6.

1. The students vere going to see a movie, but several of them got sick

2. I was going tc call mv mother, but

3. We were going to take a quiz today, but

4.

, but Tfell asleep.

5.

, but Tdidn’t, have enough time.

6.

, but we couldn’t find the keys.

EXERCISE E | Write advice using had better.

1. Mike told his new friends that he knows a famous soccer player. It’s not true.

H e _______________________________________________________________

2. As we’re driving on the highway, we hear on the radio that a tornado is coming.

W e______________________________________________________________

3. Sarah’s afraid to fly, but she has to travel overseas for her new job.

She______________________________________________________________

4. The students’ flight leaves tomorrow morning. It’s snowing heavily right now.

They_____________________________________________________________

104 AMERICAN LANGUAGE COURSE

 Writing Editing your writing

Looking in depth

After you’ve written a text, you should edit it for mistakes in ..

✓ punctuation (periods, commas, apostrophes, question marks).

✓ subject/verb agreement.
✓ verb tenses.
✓ spelling and capital letters.
✓ singular and plural nouns.

R ead the paragraph below. Find and underline eight mistakes. Then, correct the mistakes.

My Uncle Carl is a person who is very easy to recognize. First of all, he is extremely

tall. At 7 feet 2 inch, he is easily the tallest person in my family. In addition to that, he is

completely bald. He don’t have a single hair on his head although he does have a rather

long, red mustache. Other features which distinguish Uncle Carl are his ears, which are

quite large, and his nose, which is bent to the left because he break it in a fight when he

was a teenager. However, his physical features aren’t the only things that make him easy

to recognize. He always has a smile on his face, and hes usually laughing. This is because

of his personality; he loves to joke with people and have a good time People who meet

him usually remember him because of his great sense of humor. However, some people

who knows him well complain that he is never serious. He be very friendly, and he’s often

called the life of the party. I can easily say that my Uncle carl stands out in a crowd.

BOOK 22 LESSON 4 105

EXERCISE A Write a paragraph describing a person you know.

EXERCISE B Use the chart below to edit your paragraph.

Check off each box as you look for each kind of mistake.

1. Punctuation (periods, commas, apostrophes, question marks)

2. Subject/verb agreement

3. Verb tenses

4. Spelling and capital letters

5. Singular and plural nouns

106 AMERICAN LANGUAGE COURSE

 Vocabulary Review of new words from Lesson 4
Select the best answer.

1. Some students have a _____ to do better on a test if they relax the night before.
a. chamber
b. tendency
c. magazine
2. This flight doesn’t stop between here and Los Angeles. It’s a _____ flight.
a. nonstop
b. instop
c. unstop
3. Gustavo has Brazilian nationality. He is a _____ of Brazil.
a. case
b. carpenter
c. citizen
4. Charlie didn’t finish the test because he didn’t have sufficient time.
a. adequate
b. particular
c. essential
5. The main responsibility of a mechanic is to locate malfunctions.
a. equip
b. explode
c. troubleshoot
6. Did you_____ that you answered all the questions on the application?
a. equip
b. make sure
c. troubleshoot
7. Erica was promoted because of her hard work and leadership.
a. on account of
b. in place of
c. instead of
8. The sergeant looked at every detail during the inspection. He was very______
a. reckless
b. thorough
c. essential

BOOK 22 LESSON 4 107

 Read mg Identifying the correct pronoun referent

Read the text, and write the word that each pronoun refers to.

As a general rule, service members may not give gifts to superiors. In addition,
service members should not accept gifts from subordinates. However, gifts are
acceptable on certain occasions. For example, they are allowed for special events, such
as marriage, the birth of a child, or retirement. In addition, if a service member visits a
superior’s residence, he or she may give a gift, such as flowers or a dessert item. Food
or drink items are allowed if they are shared among several subordinates. Finally, gifts
are only acceptable if they cost less than ten dollars.

1. The pronoun they in the third line refers to ___

2. The pronouns he or she in the fifth line refer to

3. The pronoun they in the sixth line refers to ___

4. The pronoun they in the seventh line refers to _

108 AMERICAN LANGUAGE COURSE

5
Review

BOOK 22 LESSON 5 109

 EXERCISE A Listen and check the adjectives that describe each person.

The first one is an example.

Ms. Kohl Mr. Lee Col Anton Amn Bray

careful

careless

truthful /

heartless

successful

powerful

powerless

helpful

helpless

EXERCISE B With a partner, put the words in the correct column.

choke crash sand

insect glue lens
faint drill saw

noun verb both

110 AMERICAN LANGUAGE COURSE

 EXERCISE C Write the phrases you hear.

1 4.

5.

3. 6.

EXERCISE D I Complete each sentence with a phrase from Exercise C.

1. This liquid is a that can kill you if you drink it.

2. Can you name a of the United States?

3. A quick ..... of the knob will allow you to open the door.

4. Students need to of the school.

5. I must discuss this with my family before I make such a

as moving to another country.

6. There was a serious on our street last night. Thope

no one was badly hurt.

Complete the sentences.

Use a noun phrase, with or without the word as. The first one is an example.

1. The teacher chose two students___________as readers________

2. I would like to be elected________________________________

3. Once, I was appointed__________________________________

4. Next year, my country will nam e_________________________

5. Tomorrow has been declared_____________________________

6. The teacher is selecting the best student to b e _______________

7. I consider M onday_____________________________________

BOOK 22 LESSON 5 111

EXERCISE F Complete each sentence with a w o rd fr o m the gray box.

tendency device differ

identify nominated
stuff barrel beauty

1. City officials have____________ three police officers for an award.

2. What is all this_______________in the back seat of your car?

3. How do these two science books_______________?

4. How did the police the guy who stole the necklace?

5. Flowers have a natural

6. A drill is a useful____ for boring holes.

7. Be careful! T he_____ of that gun is very hot!

8. Mrs. Platzberger has a . _____ to talk too much.

EXERCISE G Match each phrase with its opposite.

1. a familiar place a. a simple subject

2. a reckless man b. a careful guy
3. a major problem c. the sharp edge
4. a particular topic d. the exit from the shop
5. the blunt tip e. a minor situation
6. a complex topic f. their similarity
7. the difference between them g- an unknown location
8. the store entrance h. a general subject

112 AMERICAN LANGUAGE COURSE

 EXERCISE H Match each phrase w it h the sam e meaning.

1. a guy who’s shouting a. to see someone you know

2. a very large case b. to hold a hammer securely
3. to steal a vehicle c. to do a favor
4. to give a hand d. to shoot a firearm
5. to spot a classmate e. to take a car without permission
6. to grip a tool f. a huge container
7. to fire a gun g- a man who’s yelling

EXERCISE I Complete each sentence with a word from the gray box.

call on pass out ran across caught up adhere to check off

1. This paper w ill____________________the wall without glue.

2. I’ve looked on the list, and I’l l ___________________ the names of my employees.

3. If you ever need help, you can ____________________me.

4. You’ll never guess who I last night.

5. If you exercise too much, you could

6. I was behind the other runners, but I finally

EXERCISE J Follow your teacher’s instructions.

BOOK 22 LESSON 5 113

EXERCISE K Choose the correct form of the verb to complete the sentence.

1. The roof leaks / is leaking every time it rains.

2. The waitress has our bill. She adds / is adding it up right now.
3. The girls aren’t here today. They shop / are shopping at the mall.
4. John is in great shape. He runs / is running every day.
5. This is such a sad movie. I always cry / am crying when I see it.
6. Marc wakes / is waking up at 5 o’clock in the morning.
7. The teacher reads / is reading a short poem to her class right now.
8. I brush /a m brushing my teeth three times a day.

EXERCISE L Ask and answer the questions with a partner.

1. Have you ever risked your life?

2. Have you ever had something stolen from you?

3. Do you prefer a simple life or a complicated one?

4. When is the last time you gave someone a hand?

5. Have you ever had to make a major decision?

EXERCISE M Follow your teacher’s instructions.

114 AMERICAN LANGUAGE COURSE

 EXERCISE N Match each question with the correct response.

QUESTION

_ 1. Why is Jack so happy?

_ 2. How many people were injured in the car accident?
_ 3. Why are you so upset?
__ 4. What happened to your leg?
_ _5. Do you know who was chosen to go to the conference?

__6. How many batteries were replaced in the flashlight?

RESPONSE

c. He’s very glad

because he got
married this past
weekend.

e. All of them got

changed because f. I got kicked by
they were not a horse.
working.

EXERCISE O Complete the sentences using your own words.

Use a clause beginning with that.

1. The teacher didn’t remember_________that it was time to go home

2. Did you hear____________________________________________

3. My father says___________________________________________

4. Does your friend think____________________________________

5. The children discovered___________________________________

BOOK 22 LESSON 5 115

EXERCISE P Choose the best answer.

1. Mike’s teacher wanted to talk to him _____ his bad grades.

a. on account of
b. back and forth
c. as though

2. Mr. Green is a _____ policeman.

a. slight
b. upper
c. former

3. Someone is hurt. Could you please call_____ ?

a. an ambulance
b. a chamber
c. a carpenter
4. A college education_____ you to get a good job.
a. arrests
b. detects
c. enables
5. When you paint a wall, move the brush______
a. as if
b. stationary
c. back and forth
6. Women can’t play in the soccer game. It’s only fo r______
a. suspects
b. guys
c. citizens
7. A _____ is a part of a rifle or handgun.
a. drill
b. sight
c. board
8. I dropped the pliers because I couldn’t _____ them.
a. arm
b. grip
c. spot

116 AMERICAN LANGUAGE COURSE

 EXERCISE Q Talk to several classmates. Ask a question for each box.

If a person answers yes, write that person’s name in the box. You need to write only one person’s
name in each box.
Find a person who ...

has been in a has saved someone who

has passed out.
car crash. was choking.

thinks English grammar

has voted recently. is very patient.
is complicated.

has a workshop says he or she

has used a drill.
at home. is successful.

enjoys working
has taken a big risk. tends to be lazy.
with tools.

BOOK 22 LESSON 5 117

 Check each box according to your opinion.
Discuss your answers with a partner. Answers will vary.
agree
—
1. Parents should never shout at their children in public. □

2. You should never interrupt someone who is speaking.

3. A woman should be elected President of the US. □ □

4. Military pay is adequate in my country. ----- ----- '

5. Countries should not arm other countries. □ ------

Discuss the situation below with your group.

It’s the weekend, and you’ve got a list of things to get done around the house.
First, you have to fix a broken chair. Second, you need to repair a fence. Last,
you need to put up some shelves in the living room. You don’t have any tools or
materials at home, so you need to borrow them from your neighbor. Talk to the
members of your group, and choose five things that you would like to borrow. Put
a check next to the five things you choose.

pliers drill

sandpaper glue

saw goggles

scissors hammer

shovel nails

118 AMERICAN LANGUAGE COURSE

 EXERCISE T Rewrite each sentence with the word in parentheses.

Some other changes in the sentence w ill be necessary to keep the meaning the same.

1. Mike passed out. (conscious)

He, is not conscious

2. Sara wrote her paper for the second time, (re-)

Sara

3. CPL Blaine was born in the US. (citizen)

CPL Blaine

4. It was not at all difficult for the teacher to saw the boards, (ease)
The teacher

5. Bob cleanedI the house completely, (thorough)

Bob

EXERCISE U Follow your teacher’s instructions.

Excuse me, could Sure. I’d be

you help me move happy to.
this box?

1
IL
BOOK 22 LESSON 5 119
- U SER NOTES -

AMERICAN LANGUAGE COURSE

APPENDIX A Word List

d esignate ................................................. 2
a d e q u a te ................................................... 4 d etect ........................................................ 4
ad h ere (to) <2 ........................................3 device ........................................................ 3
aim .............................................................3 d i f f e r .......................................................... 2

tO
am bulance ...............................................1 difference .................................................
d ig /d u g /d u g ............................................

CO
a m m u n itio n ............................................ 4
discharge .................................................

^
a p p r o a c h ................................................... 1
drill (n) (v) ...............................................

CO
a r m .............................................................4
d riv e /d ro v e /d riv e n ..............................

03
a r r e s t .......................................................... 2
d u e to ........................................................

bO
as i f .............................................................1
as t h o u g h ................................................. 1 E
a t once ......................................................1 e a s e .............................................................
e n a b l e ........................................................

CO
e n t r a n c e ....................................................

to
back an d forth ........................................3
e n t r y ..........................................................

CO
b a r e .............................................................3
e q u i p ..........................................................
b a rre l ................................................. 4
e s s e n t i a l ...................................................
b e a u t y ........................................................ 3
e x p lo d e ......................................................
b l u n t .......................................................... 3 p
b o a r d .......................................................... 3

1
fa in t ...........................................................
bolt ................................................. 3 ,4 f a m ilia r ......................................................
b o r e .............................................................3 f a v o r ...........................................................
b r e a t h e ......................................................1 featu re ......................................................
bu llet ........................................................ 4 fine .............................................................
fire .............................................................
call o n ........................................................ 1 f i r e a r m ......................................................
c arp e n ter ................................................. 3 firing p i n ...................................................
c a r tr id g e ................................................... 4
form er ...............................................

tO
c a s e .............................................................4
-ful .............................................................

CO
c a s i n g ........................................................ 4 G
c a tc h /c a u g h t/c a u g h t up w i t h ............2 give a h a n d ...............................................
H
cham ber ................................................... 4 glue (n) (v) ............................................... U
check o f f ................................................... 4 goggles ......................................................
CO

c h o k e .......................................................... 1
g r ip ...................................................
05

c i tiz e n ........................................................ 4 guy ...........................................................

M

clockw ise................................................... 3 H
coarse ........................................................ 3 h am m er ...................................................
CO

c o m p lex ......................................................2 h o l e .............................................................

03

com plicated ............................................ 2 huge ...........................................................

to

c o n c e r n ......................................................1 I
conscious ................................................. 1 id e n t i f y ......................................................
counterclockw ise ................................... 3 i l - ..................................................................
crash (n) (v) ............................................ 1 i m - ...............................................................
critical ......................................................1 i n - ...............................................................
) in c id e n t......................................................
declare ......................................................2 i n n e r ...........................................................

BOOK 22 APPENDIX A -P A R T 1 A-1

 in sect ........................................................ 1
shell ................................................... 4
i n t e r e s t ...................................................... 4
s h o u t .......................................................... 1
ir- ............................................................... 4
s h o v e l ........................................................ 3
ja il . 2 sig h t ................................................... 4
join 3 s i m p l e ........................................................ 2
s l i g h t .......................................................... 1
l a t t e r ...........................................................2 sn ak e ........................................................ 1
l e n s ............................................................. 2 s p o t .............................................................2
- le s s ............................................................. 3 s ta t i o n a r y ................................................. 3
M s te a l/s to le /s to le n ...................................1
m agazine ................................................. 4 stu ff .......................................................... 1
m ajor ........................................................ 1 s u s p e c t ......................................................2
m ake s u r e ................................................. 4 s w a llo w ......................................................1
m inor ........................................................ 1
m o tio n ........................................................ 3 t e n d .............................................................
N te n d e n c y ...................................................
n a i l ............................................................. 3 th o r o u g h ...................................................
no m in ate ................................................. 1 t i p ...............................................................
n o n - ............................................................. 4 t r i g g e r ........................................................
n o t e .............................................................2 tro u b le s h o o t............................................
U
object ........................................................ 1 u p p er ........................................................ 4
on account of .......................................... 4 V
o u t e r ...........................................................4 voice .......................................................... 2
W
p a r t i c u l a r ................................................. 1 w i t h i n ........................................................ 1
p ass out ................................................... 1 w orkshop ................................................. 3
p atience ................................................... 2 Y
p a tie n t ......................................................2 y e t ............................................................... 2
p i n ............................................................... 4
p l a i n .......................................................... 2
p l i e r s ...........................................................3
p o i n t ...........................................................4
p o i s o n ........................................................ 1
poisonous ................................................. 1
pow der ...................................................... 4

r e - ............................................................... 1
r e c k le s s ......................................................2
r i s k ............................................................. 4
rou n d ........................................................ 4
r u n / r a n / r u n a c r o s s .............................. 2
r u s t ............................................................. 3

san d .......................................................... 3
s a n d p a p e r ................................................. 3
saw (n) ( v ) ................................................. 3
s c is s o r s ......................................................3

Blllill AMERICAN LANGUAGE COURSE

 B O O K 22 G L O S S A R Y
NOTE: The glossary includes only those words and their meanings as they are covered in this
book. Irregular past forms of verbs can be found in Appendix F. The vocabulary is not separated
by lesson in order to encourage the use of dictionary skills.

at once (exp) - immediately, now: >• The general

Parts of Speech Abbreviations said that he wants to see you at once.
adj adjective back and forth (exp) - one way and then the
adv adverb opposite way: >- The cadets were marching
back and forth in front o f the drill sergeant.
conj conjunction
bare (adj) - not covered: > The plastic pipes
exp expression
under the house were bare; they had no
n noun insulation. > D on’t touch that hot engine
prep preposition with your bare hands!

V verb barrel (n) - 1 the tube-like part of a gun: >• It’s

extremely important to keep the barrel o f a
weapon clean and properly lubricated. 2 a
adequate (adj) - sufficient, enough: >• Do we large, curved container, usually wooden or
have adequate supplies fo r our trip? metal, with flat ends: > Oil prices per barrel
have risen by forty percent.
adhere (to) (v) - 1 to stick to firmly: > Will that
type o f glue adhere to both wood and metal? beauty (n) - a quality that pleases or satisfies the
2 to follow: > While you are at this school senses: > People often see beauty in the sun
you must adhere to all o f the rules. rising each morning.

aim (n) - a purpose, goal: > What is Catherine's blunt (adj) - dull, not sharp: > A blunt tool, such
aim in life ? Her aim is to become a doctor. as a wrench, has no sharp edges.

ambulance (n) - a vehicle for transporting sick or board (n) - a long, flat piece of wood: > The
injured people to a hospital: > The victims measurements o f a two by four board are two
of the automobile accident were taken to the inches by four inches.
hospital by ambulance. bolt (n) - 1 a long, round metal fastener used with
ammunition (n) - items, such as bullets, which a nut: > A car battery is often attached to a
are shot from weapons: > This pistol and that car with four nuts and four bolts. 2 the part
rifle use different types o f ammunition. of a weapon that positions a bullet for firing:
> Some weapons are fired from the open
approach (v) - to move toward: > Traffic becomes bolt position, and others from the closed bolt
heavier as you approach the city. position.
arm (v) - to provide with weapons: > The first bore (v) - to make a hole using a tool: > What's
sergeant armed each soldier with a rifle. the name o f the tool that's used to bore holes
arrest (v) - using legal authority to take and hold in wood?
a person accused of a crime: >- The police breathe (v) - to take air into the lungs and then let
arrested the man accused o f the crime. it out: > It is difficult to breathe immediately
as if (conj) - in a way that seems to be true: after hard exercise.
>- This meat smells as if it’s spoiled.
as though (conj) - in a way that seems to be true:
>■ Please act as though nothing is wrong.

BOOK 22 APPENDIX A -P A R T 2 .-3

bullet device
bullet ( n ) - a small object, often metallic, which is coarse (adj) - consisting of rather large pieces, not
included in a cartridge and fired from a gun: fine, such as coarse dirt: >- This recipe calls
> Bullets come in many sizes and categories fo r coarse salt.
to match a specific type o f gun and the
complex (adj) - difficult, not simple, made up of
required effect.
multiple parts: >- The computer system at my
call on (v) - to ask to do a favor: > Please call on job is complex.
me if you need any help.
complicated (adj) - difficult, not simple, made up
carpenter (n) - a person who constructs or repairs of multiple parts: > The math homework was
things made of wood: > My brother is a so complicated that I couldn ’t do it.
carpenter, so he built his own house.
concern (v) - to have an influence on, to affect:
cartridge (n) - a small object, fired from a gun, > Safety concerns all military personnel.
which is made up of a bullet, gunpowder, > The promotion announcement concerned
primer, and casing: >- Most rifle cartridges all corporals with two years in grade.
are sold by the box.
conscious (adj) - able to feel and think, awake:
case (n) - a container: > I need to buy a new >- All o f the people involved in the accident
carrying case for my laptop computer. were conscious when the ambulance arrived.
casing (n) - a container, usually metallic, which counterclockwise (adv) - in the opposite direction
holds the components of a cartridge (a bullet, of movement as a clock’s hands, as seen
gunpowder, and primer): > I f you shoot on from the front: > You turn a nut or screw
the rifle range, you must pick up your empty counterclockwise to loosen it.
casings after you finish.
crash (n) - an accident with a vehicle: > There
catch up with (v) - to reach an equal position or was a terrible airplane crash yesterday; over
pass by additional effort: > He has been sick a hundred people were killed.
fo r three days, so he'll have to work very hard
crash (v) - to hit with force: > The truck crashed
to catch up with his homework. >~ He ran
into a large tree.
very hard to catch up with the leading runner.
critical (adj) - extremely serious, possibly fatal:
chamber (n) - the space inside a gun where a
> The accident victim remained in critical
bullet is positioned for firing: > Before you
condition after the operation.
hand a pistol to another person, always
ensure that the chamber is empty. declare (v) - to make known publicly or officially;
to say: > When you enter the United States,
check off (v) - to mark items on a list as important
you must declare to the customs officials
or completed: > A petty officer checked off
what you ’re bringing into the country. >- She
the name o f each sailor who boarded the ship.
declared that she would be a candidate in the
choke (v) - to have difficulty getting air into the next election.
lungs when something blocks the throat:
designate (v) - to name, appoint: > She has been
V Do you know the first aid procedure fo r a
designated as the group leader.
person who is choking on a piece o f food?
detect (v) - to discover, notice: > The police
citizen (n) - a person who is a legal member of
detected a knife hidden in the man’s sock
a particular nation: > He is an American
when he passed through the security gate.
citizen, his wife is a Japanese citizen, and
their daughter has dual citizenship. device (n) - a machine, object, or piece of
equipment made for a special purpose: > An
clockwise (adv) - in the same direction of
alarm clock is a common device people use to
movement as a clock’s hands, as seen from
wake themselves up at a specific time.
the front: > You turn a nut or screw clockwise
to tighten it.

m m AMERICAN LANGUAGE COURSE

differ glue
differ (v) - to be unlike or different: >- The two explode (v) - to suddenly break apart with great
cars differ in size and color. force, often with a loud noise: > The car’s
gas tank exploded when the fire reached it.
difference (n) - the way in which things are
unlike: >- Can you tell us some differences faint (v) - to suddenly and uncontrollably
between your country and the United States? sleep and be unable to wake up, to lose
consciousness, pass out: >►The old man
dig (v) - to move dirt, sand, or other material from
fainted when he saw his brother, whom he
the ground to create a hole:
thought had died years before.
> Our dog likes to dig holes in the backyard.
familiar (adj) - easy to recognize: > That man
discharge (v) - to fire a weapon: > The airman
looks familiar, but I can’t remember his name.
was court-martialed fo r accidentally
discharging his rifle in a vehicle. favor (n) - a helpful, supporting action: > Can
I ask you a favor? Would you help me move
drill (n) - a tool for making holes: >- It will be
this desk?
easier to make the holes with a power drill.
feature (n) - a very noticeable part: > Time in the
drill (v) - to make a hole by rapidly turning a thin
language laboratory is an important feature
sharp tool against a surface: > Drill three o f this course. >- One o f M om’s best features
holes so we can insert these three bolts.
is her smile.
drive (v) - to force an object, such as a nail, into
fine (adj) - consisting of rather small particles, not
another object or surface: > Drive a large
coarse, such as fine sand: > Powdered sugar
nail into the wall, and hang a clock from it.
is much finer than table sugar.
due to (prep) - because of: > Classes have been
fire (v) - to shoot a gun or other weapon: > You'll
cancelled today due to the bad weather.
have three seconds to fire three shots from
ease (n ) - relaxed physical or mental work, a your weapon at the stationary target.
lack of difficulty: > The Marine was able to
firearm (n) - a gun small enough for individual
pass the PT test with ease. > The squadron
use: >- Rifles, pistols, and shotguns are the
commander told the pilots to stand at ease.
three most common types o f firearms.
enable (v) - to make able: > Using power tools
firing pin (n) - a small pin that strikes the rear of
enables people to work faster and more
a cartridge, causing a bullet to be fired from a
efficiently.
gun: > He had to replace the defective firing
entrance (n) - a place of entry, a door or gate: pin in his rifle.
>- Can you tell me where the entrance to this
former (adj) - 1 first of two: > I f I had to choose
building is?
between beef and pork, I ’d choose the former;
entry (n) - the act or place of entering or going because I dislike pork. 2 having previously
into: >- Entry into that building is not been in a position, but not currently: > Dan
permitted without an ID card. > A guard was is a former airforce pilot.
assigned to the entry o f the bank.
-ful (suffix) - added to a noun to make it an
equip (v) - to provide what is needed: > We need adjective, meaning “full of”: > We used
to equip our soldiers with additional warm our wonderful new tools to make a beautiful
clothing before we begin winter training. birdhouse.

essential (adj) - important, necessary: >- I t’s give a hand (exp) - to help: > Could you give me
essen tial fo r each student to complete any a hand moving this desk?
homework that is assigned.
glue (n) - a sticky substance used to attach objects:
>- Most envelopes have a thin strip o f glue as
an adhesive.

BOOK 22 APPENDIX A -P A R T 2 .-5

glue nominate
glue (v) - to attach two objects with glue: > My interest (v) - to attract attention: > What kind o f
friend glues small plastic pieces together to books interest you the most?
make models o f famous airplanes.
ir- (prefix) - gives a word negative meaning, “not”:
goggles (n) - a protective covering for eyes: >• My son was irresponsible with his credit
> You should always wear safety goggles card and now owes more than he can pay.
when you ’re working with power tools.
jail ( n ) - a place for holding criminals or people
grip (v) - to hold tightly: > Grip the football accused of committing crimes: >- The police
carefully, so you don’t drop it when you run. put the two men in jail fo r fighting.
guy (n) - a man or boy, a male: > Chuck called join (v) - to fasten: >- The two pieces o f wood
his wife to tell her he had plans to go out with were joined by screws.
the guys on Saturday night. V Everyone says
latter (adj) - second of two: >►I f I had to choose
Mike is a nice guy.
between chicken and beef, I would choose the
hammer (n) - a hand tool for driving nails: latter, because I can't stand chicken.
> We’ll need a hammer and nails to fix the
broken shelf. lens ( n ) - a specially-made piece of glass or plastic
used in eyeglasses or in a camera: > The left
hole (n) - an empty area: >- Nicole burned a hole lens o f my glasses is broken. >- I bought a
in A l’s jacket when she dropped her cigarette. new lens fo r my camera.
>■ The soldiers dug a hole to hide from the
-less (suffix) - added to a noun to make it an
enemy planes.
adjective, meaning “without”: >- Joe is a
huge (adj) - extremely large: >• There was a huge really bad driver; he's too careless.
fire last night; many buildings burned down.
magazine (n) - a removable part of some firearms
identify (v) - to name correctly: > The doctor which holds cartridges for feeding into the
was identified as the man who committed chamber by the bolt: > To clear a weapon,
the crime. > Can you identify that type of place the selector switch on safe, remove the
firearm ? magazine, and inspect the chamber.
il- (prefix) - gives a word negative meaning, “not”: major (cidj) - main, important; serious: >- What
>- Drinking alcohol while driving is illegal in is your major reason fo r studying English?
the USA. >■ The corporal had a major illness which
required an immediate operation.
im- (prefix) - gives a word negative meaning,
“not”: > I thought it was impossible to walk make sure (exp) - to make certain, check:
on the moon before I saw it on television in > Make sure your subordinates follow the
1969. safety regulations.
in- (prefix) - gives a word negative meaning, minor (adj) - unimportant: >- She has only a
“not”: > The teacher asked the student why minor role in the play.
his homework was incomplete.
motion (n) - movement: > Some people get
incident (n) - an unexpected, often unpleasant motion sickness from riding in an airplane,
occurrence: >- The incident happened when boat, or car.
the upset customer returned to the store.
nail ( n ) - a long, thin, rounded piece of metal with
inner (adj) - inside, interior: >- During a tornado, a sharp end and a flat end, commonly used to
the safest place in a house, besides the join two pieces of wood: > A carpenter uses
basement, is an inner room with no windows. thousands o f nails to build a wooden house.
insect (n) - a small six-legged animal with three nominate (v) - to formally recommend for a
main body parts, a bug: >- Flies are among position or award: > She was nominated as a
the most common insects. candidate fo r president.

AMERICAN LANGUAGE COURSE

non­ scissors
non- (prefix) - gives a word negative meaning, poisonous (adj) - having a substance that can
“not”: >- All nonessential workers may take cause illness or kill people, animals, or
vacation, due to our non-intensive schedule. plants when it’s absorbed: > Many cleaning
products are poisonous if eaten or drunk.
note (n) - a short written message to oneself or
others: > Leave a note fo r the teacher, telling powder ( n ) - any dry, light substance made of
her that we've gone to the lab. >■ I took notes very tiny, fine pieces: > Some medicines
during the class to help me study later. come in the form o f a powder, which is mixed
with water.
object (n) - a thing that can be seen or touched:
> You usually have to remove metal objects re- (prefix)- added to nouns or verbs, meaning
from your pockets at airport security gates. “do again”: > I can’t read this. Would you
please rewrite it fo r me? >- Her parents both
on account of (prep) - because of, due to: > Jay remarried after their divorce, so she has two
had to have an operation on account o f the families now.
severe pain in his lower back.
reckless (adj) - careless, not caring about danger:
outer (adj) - outside, exterior: > The outer side of >- The police stopped him because o f his
the door needs to be painted. reckless driving.
particular (adj) - specific: >- Why did you choose risk (v) - to take a chance of a bad result: > I f you
that particular book to read? have an unlicensed firearm, you risk arrest.
pass out (v) - to suddenly and uncontrollably > He risked all o f his money in card games.
sleep and be unable to wake up, to lose round ( n ) - a cartridge or bullet, a single piece of
consciousness, faint: > Six runners passed ammunition: > At the firing range, you will
out after finishing the marathon. be given a magazine with ten rounds fo r your
patience (n) - the ability to wait calmly: > A good pistol.
mechanic needs patience to fix an engine. run across (v) - to meet by chance: >• I ran across
> Patience isn’t easy fo r me; I hate to wait. a friend I hadn 't seen for years at the party.
patient (adj) - having the ability to wait calmly: rust (n) - a reddish-brown substance that forms
> A firing range instructor must be patien t on metal when it comes into contact with wet
with trainees when they ’re learning to shoot. air: > I t’s important to properly maintain
pin (n)-& small piece of metal used to fasten or metal surfaces to prevent rust.
join: > I've lost a button. Have you got a sand (v) - to make smooth using a special
safety pin I can borrow? material: > You need to sand the rough edges
plain (adj) - simple, without special design or o f the board.
function: > How do you take your coffee, sandpaper (n) - stiff paper surfaced with sand,
plain or with cream and sugar? used to make wood or metal smooth: > Rub
pliers (n) - a small tool for holding an object furniture with sandpaper before painting it.
tightly: > The mechanic used pliers to hold saw (n) - a tool that has a cutting edge with sharp
the hot metal part with one hand, while using metal teeth: >- My grandfather uses a hand
a hammer with the other. saw to cut pieces o f wood in his workshop.
point (n) - an object's often sharp tip or end: saw (v) - to cut with a saw: >- It's easy to saw
> The point o f the kitchen knife broke when th rough a thick piece o f wood using a power-
someone used it to tighten a screw. saw.
poison (n) - a substance that can cause illness or scissors (n) - a small, twin-bladed cutting tool:
kill people, animals, or plants when it’s eaten > Maggie used a pair o f scissors to cut the
or absorbed: > Some spiders and snakes paper in half.
inject a poison when they bite.

BOOK 22 APPENDIX A -P A R T 2 mm
shell yet
shell (n) -1 a cartridge casing: > Save the shells tend (v) —to be likely: > Some students tend to
after firing your weapon; the metal can be avoid serious studying until just before a test.
reused. 2 a hard outer covering: >- We found
many pretty shells on the beach. tendency (n) - a usual way of acting: > Many
people have a tendency to miss their own
shout (v) - to yell: >- You don’t need to shout at culture while spending time in another
me. I can hear you easily. country.
shovel (n) - a long-handled, wide-bladed tool used thorough (adj) - complete, detailed: > Maria did
for digging or moving material, such as dirt a thorough cleaning o f her room.
or snow: > Every winter, volunteers with
shovels remove the snow from the sidewalks. tip (n) - the end of an object, often sharp: > You
have to sharpen the tip o f a pencil before you
sight (n) - 1 a device used to correctly point a can use it to write.
weapon in order to hit a target: >• The sights
on most rifles are adjustable. 2 the ability to trigger (n) - a small lever which fires a weapon
see: >■ Evan lost his sight in an accident, but when pulled or held back by a finger: > An
now he has a service dog to guide him. automatic weapon will fire continuously if the
trigger is pulled and held to the rear.
simple (adj) - not difficult or complicated: >
Cars with automatic transmissions are fairly troubleshoot (v) - to check for the cause of a
simple to drive. malfunction: >- I've been troubleshooting my
computer, but I don't know why it won't print.
slight (adj) - small in amount or quantity: > Kevin
received only slight injuries from his fall. upper (adj) - above, a higher part: >■ In basic
training, I slept on the upper bed, and
snake (n) - a cold-blooded crawling animal another recruit slept on the lower one.
without limbs: >- Watch out fo r snakes when
walking in that tall grass by the river. voice (n) - the sound produced through the mouth
when speaking, singing, etc.: > Ladies and
spot (v) - to see, locate, or find by sight: > Leigh gentlemen, please keep your voices down
looked very hard, but she couldn ’t spot Gaiy during the ceremony.
anywhere in the crowd.
within (prep) - in a certain amount of time:
stationary (adj) - immovable, unmoving: > The > He'll be returning from overseas within six
desks were stationary, so the teacher wasn't months.
able to rearrange them. >■ The hunter shot
the deer while it was stationary. workshop fn) - a place for making or fixing
things, often a room or small building:
steal (v) - to take dishonestly: > Is he the man > Many Americans use their garages or
accused o f stealing money from the bank? basements as home workshops.
stuff (n) - things, items: > He always brings a lot yet (conj) - but, however: >■ It doesn't rain very
o f stuff to class — notebooks, pens, pencils, often in San Antonio, yet the occasional flash
and other supplies. floods can be a real danger. > I ’ve never-
tried dieting, yet many o f my friends have.
suspect (n) - someone whom police or other
law enforcement agencies believe may be
responsible for a crime: > The police are
questioning a new suspect in the shooting.
swallow (v) - to pass something from the mouth to
the stomach, using the muscles of the throat:
>■ I t’s hard to swallow when you have a sore
throat.

A-8 AMERICAN LANGUAGE COURSE

APPENDIX B Structure List

PART OF
SPE E C H / WORD OR
SENTENCE STRUCTURE SENTENCE PATTERN LESSON

Adjectives M odification patterns: Sequencing I don’t like those old black 2

modifiers before a noun reading glasses.

Affix Suffixes: noun to adjective with Barry shows respect. H e’s 3

-ful/-less respectful.
The phone has no wires.
It’s wireless.

Clause Adjective clause reduced to Follow the directions that 2

adjective phrases are written on the board
Follow the directions
written on the board.

Clause Adjective clause reduced to The man who has a 2

prepositional phrase notebook is the teacher.
The m an with a notebook
is the teacher.

Clause Adverb clause of manner: as if and It looks as though it’s 1

as though going to rain soon.

Clause That noun clause as direct object Phil expects (that) h e ’ll be 3
o f verb promoted.

Noun Noun or noun phrase as objective Dave considers h im self (to 2

com plem ent after verb of choosing be) a good dancer.
(optionally expanded with to be or The president declared
as) M onday (as) a holiday.

Verb Review: Affirmative and negative Do you like classical 1

y e s/n o questions music?
Have you ever been to
M exico?

BOOK 22 APPENDIX B
PART OF
SPEECH/ WORD OR
SENTENCE STRUCTURE SENTENCE PATTERN LESSON

Verb Em phatic DO I never cook meals, but I do 3

bake bread frequently.

Verb M odal Review: can, w as/w ere You can choose either one. 4
going to, be unable to, and had He was going to drive, but
better his car w ouldn’t start.
He was unable to attend the
meeting.
Y ou’d better study tonight.

Verb Review: Present simple tense and Ben speaks Spanish. 1

present progressive tense Ben is speaking to the
mechanic.

Verb Reported Speech: Present pcrfect to Where have you been? 4

past perfect after sa id /to ld /a ske d He asked me where I had
been.

Verb Passive voice: Simple GET passive Our house got dam aged in 4
the storm.

B-2 AMERICAN LANGUAGE COURSE

 APPENDIX C Active Tenses

SIMPLE PRESENT

1
Y°u > sleep.
We NOTE: The third person
Structure They singular (he/she/it) always
ends in -s.
He
She sleeps.
It

Permanent truths: Something that is always

Summer follows spring.
true, as in a fact.
Actions or situations that are true at this time
My father works in a bank.
and may or may not continue.
Uses
Actions that happen repeatedly, as in routines
I usually wake up at 0630.
and habitual actions.

Scheduled or planned actions in the future. The train leaves at 1200.

SIMPLE PAST

I
You 1
NOTE: Past tense verbs
^ I stopped. are either regular (-ed) or
Structure
r r * * irregular.
She J
It

A completed action with a past time reference. Sam left five weeks ago.

Uses Immediate past without time reference. Jimmy called me.

A habitual or repeated action in the past. I sm oked for four years.

BOOK 22 APPENDIX C C-1

 SIMPLE FUTURE

I
You 1
We I
Structure They / will sleep.
He I
She J
It

He will call you tomorrow.

A future action or prediction.
It will rain next week.
Uses
To express willingness. I’ll do that for you.

PRESENT PROGRESSIVE / CONTINUOUS

I am sleeping.
You 'I
We I are sleeping.
Structure They J

He 1
She V is sleeping.
It J
An action in progress at the moment of speak­ Someone is knocking on the
ing. door.

Uses A future action with a future time reference. We are leaving next week.

An action that began in the past and continues

She is studying in New York.
to the present and future.

C-2 AMERICAN LANGUAGE COURSE

 PAST PROGRESSIVE / CONTINUOUS

I ^
TTp
nc > was sleeping.
She
Structure It
You
We were sleeping.
They

I was working on my school

An action in progress at some time in the past.
assignment last night.
Uses
An action in progress when another past action We were w atching TV when
occurred. the telephone rang.

FUTURE PROGRESSIVE / CONTINUOUS

I
He ^
She I
Structure It / will be sleeping.
You I
We J
They

An action which will be in progress at some The guests will be arriving

time in the future. soon.
Uses
A future action which will be in progress I will be working when you
before another action in the future. arrive.

BOOK 22 APPENDIX C C-3

 PRESENT PERFECT

I
^ ou have slept.
We 1
Structure They
He 1
She / has slept.
It J
An action which was completed at an She has finished her
unspecified time in the past. homework.
An action which started in the past and
Uses I have lived here for 5 years.
continues to the present.
A repeated action which occurred at an
I have been there many times.
unspecified time in the past.

PAST PERFECT

I
He
She
Structure It ^ had slept.
You
We
They

An action which was completed before I had gone to the bank before
another action or time in the past. I ate lunch.
Uses
An action which started in the past and I had studied for six years
continued to another action or time in the past. before I graduated.

IB M AMERICAN LANGUAGE COURSE

 FUTURE PERFECT

I
He 1
She I
Structure It / will have slept.
You I
We J
They

An action which will be completed before I will have retired by the

another action or time in the future. year 2010.
Uses
An action which will continue up to another We w ill have lived here for
action or time in the future. three years by December.

PRESENT PERFECT PROGRESSIVE / CONTINUOUS

1
^ ou have been sleeping.
We
Structure They
He
She has been sleeping.
It

An action which started in the past and We have been studying for
Use
continues to the present. three hours.

BOOK 22 APPENDIX C C-5

 PAST PERFECT PROGRESSIVE / CONTINUOUS

I
He 1
She I
Structure It > had been sleeping.
You I
We J
They

An action which started in the past and We had been living in Boston
Use
continued to another action or time in the past. before we moved to Miami.

FUTURE PERFECT PROGRESSIVE / CONTINUOUS

I
He
She I
Structure It / will have been sleeping.
You [
We J
They

A future action which will be in progress I will have been working here
Use
before another action or time in the future. for 6 months by September.

C-6 AMERICAN LANGUAGE COURSE

 APPENDIX D Conditional Sentences

PRESENT REAL SITUATIONS

//-clause, main clause

Structure future tense

present tense
I f present tense, .. ^ , ,
r present / future modal
imperatives

If I win the race, I will get $500.

NOTE: The order of the if-clause
If you drop an egg, it breaks. and the main clause can change
Examples places. For example:
If he wants to, he can join the team. 1 will get $500 if 1 win the race.
If 1 win the race, 1 will get $500.
If you are tired, take a nap.

PRESENT UNREAL SITUATIONS

If-clause, main clause

Structure w ould,
I f past tense, c o u ld + base verb
m ig h t

If I had time, I could go to the party.

NOTE: When the verb in the
Examples I w ouldn’t do that if I were you. if-clause is BE, use were for
all subjects.
If you studied more, you m ight pass.

BOOK 22 APPENDIX D D-1

 PAST UNREAL SITUATIONS

If- clause main clause

Structure would
I f + had + past participle, could + have + past participle
might

If I had taken the medicine, I w ould have felt better.

Examples We couldn’t have finished on time if they hadn’t helped us.

You m ight have had an accident if you had driven home in the snow.

HBlf AMERICAN LANGUAGE COURSE

 APPENDIX E Modals and Related Structures in the ALC

Negatives are not shown unless they c a n y a different meaning.

FUNCTION EXAMPLE SENTENCES PAST FORM

future

will They will leave tomorrow.

be going to They are going to take a flight at 0600.

ability

can I can speak five languages. could

be able to I’m able to speak English and Italian. was/were able to

inability

be unable to I’m unable to attend the meeting. was/were unable to

polite request

can Can/Will you help me?

will Could / Would you help me?
could Affirmative Reply: Yes, I can / will.
would Negative Reply: No, I can’t / won’t.

permission

can Can / Could / May I leave early today?

could Affirmative Reply: Yes, you can / may.
may Negative Reply: No, you can’t / may not.

obligation / necessity

have to You have to come tomorrow. had to

have got to You have got to attend a briefing.
be supposed to You’re supposed to pick up the colonel. was / were supposed to
must You must be there by 0900. had to
be to You are to wear your dress uniform. was / were to

BOOK 22 APPENDIX E E-1

FUNCTION EXAMPLE SENTENCES PAST FORM

no obligation

doesn’t/don’t have to You don’t have to attend all of the meetings. didn’t have to

prohibition

must not You must not go downtown.

50% possibility (guessing)

may Tom may be in late today. may have

might He might not show up. might have
could He could be sick. could have

95% possibility (logical deduction)

must Sylvia must want a new job. must have

can’t be She can’t be happy earning so little. can’t have
couldn’t be She couldn’t be up for promotion yet. couldn’t have

advice

should You should improve your health. should have

ought to You ought to quit smoking. ought to have
had better You had better start soon.

suggestion

could We could go out tonight.

shall Shall we go out tonight?

habit/custom

be used to We’re used to hot weather. was / were used to

be accustomed to We’re accustomed to traveling a lot. was / were accustomed to

past routine / past condition

would We would go camping every fall.

used to We used to live in the mountains.

E-2 AMERICAN LANGUAGE COURSE

FUNCTION EXAMPLE SENTENCES PAST FORM

past intention

was/were going to 1was going to come by car, but it had a flat.

preference

would like (to) I’d like some coffee. I’d like to have a cup of coffee. would have liked
would rather I’d rather drink coffee than tea. would rather have

expectation

should Mark’s plane should land in 10 minutes. should have

ought to Mark ought to arrive in a few minutes. ought to have

BOOK 22 APPENDIX E E-3

- USER NOTES -

AMERICAN LANGUAGE COURSE

 APPENDIX F Principal Parts of Some Irregular Verbs

Present Past Past Participle Present Past Past Participle

arise arose arisen fall fell fallen
feed fed fed
be was been feel felt felt
bear bore borne fight fought fought
beat beat beaten find found found
become became become flee fled fled
begin began begun fly flew flown
bend bent bent forget forgot forgotten
bet bet bet forgive forgave forgiven
bid bid bid freeze froze frozen
bind bound bound
bite bit bitten get got gotten (got)
bleed bled bled give gave given
blow blew blown grind ground ground
break broke broken grow grew grown
bring brought brought
build built built hang hung hung
burst burst burst have had had
buy bought bought hear heard heard
hide hid hidden
cast cast cast hit hit hit
catch caught caught hold held held
choose chose chosen h u rt hu rt hu rt
come came come
cost cost cost keep kept kept
creep crept crept know knew known
cut cut cut
lay laid laid
deal dealt dealt lead led led
dig dug dug leave left left
do did done lend lent lent
draw drew drawn let let let
drink drank drunk lie lay lain
drive drove driven light lit lit (lighted)
lose lost lost
eat ate eaten

BOOK 22 APPENDIX F
Present Past Past Participle Present Past Past Participle
make made made spend spent spent
mean m eant m eant spin spun spun
meet met met split split split
spread spread spread
pay paid paid spring sprang sprung
put put put stand stood stood
steal stole stolen
quit quit quit stick stuck stuck
sting stung stung
read read read strike struck struck
ride rode ridden string strung strung
ring rang rung swear swore sworn
rise rose risen sweep swept swept
run ran run swim swam swum
swing swung swung
say said said
see saw seen take took taken
seek sought sought teach taught taught
shake shook shaken tear tore tom
sell sold sold tell told told
send sent sent think thought thought
set set set throw threw thrown
shed shed shed
shine shone shone understand understood understood
shoot shot shot
show showed shown wake woke woken
shrink shrank shrunk wear wore worn
shut shut shut weave wove woven
sing sang sung weep wept wept
sink sank sunk wet wet wet
sit sat sat win won won
sleep slept slept wind wound wound
slide slid slid wring wrung wrung
speak spoke spoken write wrote w ritten

AMERICAN LANGUAGE COURSE

 APPENDIX G Patterns of Irregular Verbs

INFINITIVE PAST PAST

PARTICIPLE
1.Three principal parts the same hit hit hit
quit quit quit
split split split
bet bet bet
let let let
set set set
put put put
cut cut cut
shut shut shut
bid bid bid
h urt hurt h u rt
burst burst burst
cost cost cost
shed shed shed
spread spread spread
cast cast cast

2. Last two principal parts the same

a. Final consonant change only have had had
make made made
build built built
bend bent bent
spend spent spent
send sent sent

b. Vowel change only meet met met

read read read
bleed bled bled
feed fed fed
lead led led
light lit lit
slide slid slid
sit sat sat
shoot shot shot
hold held held
win won won
shine shone shone

BOOK 22 APPENDIX G G-1

 INFINITIVE PAST
PAST
PARTICIPLE
find found found
wind wound wound
bind bound bound
dig dug dug
stick stuck stuck
strike struck struck

c. Vowel change - Addition of -t or -d sleep slept slept

keep kept kept
creep crept crept
weep wept wept
think thought thought
teach taught taught
buy bought bought
catch caught caught
fight fought fought
seek sought sought
mean meant meant
leave left left
flee fled fled
tell told told
sell sold sold
lose lost lost
hear heard heard
understand understood understood

3. Three principal parts differ

a. No similarity be was been
go went gone
do did done

b. Vowel change - Addition of -n arise arose arisen

drive drove driven
fly flew flown
ride rode ridden
rise rose risen

c. Vowel change - No -n sing sang sung

ring rang rung
drink drank drunk
swim swam swum
begin began begun

G-2 AMERICAN LANGUAGE COURSE

 INFINITIVE PAST PAST
PARTICIPLE
d. First and third vowels similar blow blew blown
know knew known
grow grew grown
throw threw thrown
run ran run
come came come
eat ate eaten
give gave given
see saw seen
draw drew drawn

e. Second and third vowels similar break broke broken

speak spoke spoken
choose chose chosen
steal stole stolen
tear tore torn
wear wore worn
swear swore sworn
bear bore born
get got got (gotten)
forget forgot forgotten

BOOK 22 APPENDIX G G-3

NOTES -

AMERICAN LANGUAGE COURSE

 APPENDIX H American English Sounds

English is not spelled phonetically. The same sound is spelled several different ways.
For this reason it is helpful to assign separate symbols to each sound. The following
is the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) system. Twenty-four (24) consonant
symbols, eleven (11) vowel symbols, and five (5) symbols representing diphthongs
are used to represent the significant sounds of American English.
These charts are only aids and not to be memorized. However, the students m ust
be aware of the different sounds represented in these charts. They m ust be able to
recognize and repeat them accurately.

VOWELS CONSONANTS
Symbol Examples Symbol Examples
N he, meet, teach, chief /P/ past, stop, put, paper
N in, is, sit, big Ib l bed, baby, barber, lab
le i/ day, make, train, vein, steak N take, sent, ten, gentle
M met, let, said, bread Id / date, student, do, hard
/se/ cash, half, laugh, hand Ik / car, chemical, recorder, book
/a/ father, far, heart, pot, not 19/ gas, eggs, dog, cigar
hi all, saw, bought, caught /m l arm, my, number, from
/ou / go, know, coat, tow, pole In i no, line, find, noon
lu l book, took, good, should h i sing, long, wrong, rank
/u/ food, blue, blew, do, soup III well, laboratory, always, let
/A/ cup, son, sun, enough Irl read, course, for, write
/a i/ I, nice, tie, buy, by, write /f/ farmer, affirm, phone, laugh
h i/ noise, boy, point, oil M very, give, live, seven
/au/ out, now, town, mouth /e/ thank, Thursday, bath, north
/a/ ago, alphabet, listen, student 15/ the, this, these, weather
N her, bird, doctor, earn N see, this, lesson, tapes
Iz l zero, rose, blows, dozen
/J/ ship, nation, should, push
Iz l pleasure, measure, usual
Ib l have, he, how, hot
/tj/ chair, teacher, picture, march
/d3/ judge, bridge, page, July
/w/ we, walk, wish, away
/j/ yes, you, yesterday, young

BOOK 22 APPENDIX H H-1

USER NOTES -

AMERICAN LANGUAGE COURSE

 APPENDIX I Punctuation and Capitalization

Punctuation

A. PERIOD (.)

1. Use a period at the end of a statem ent or command.

The pen a n d p a p e r are on the table.
Go to the chalkboard a nd write yo ur name.

2. Use a period after an abbreviation or an initial.

NOTE: Abbreviated m ilitary ranks do not require a period.
Feb. (February) Mr. Brown a.m.
Dr. Smith (D octor Sm ith) Ms. Little p.m.
J. Jones (John Jones) Mrs. White M aj Johnson

B. QUESTION MARK (?)

Use a question m ark after a question. Sometimes the question may be w ritten like a
statement.
H ow m any children are in yo u r family?
H e ’s here today?

C. EXCLAMATION MARK (!)

Use an exclamation m ark after words, sentences, or expressions th at show excite­

ment, surprise, or emotion. Any exclamation, even if not a sentence, will end with an
exclamation mark.
W hat a gam e!
Look out!
Do it!
Wow! Oh!

D. QUOTATION MARKS (“ ”)

1. Use quotation marks to show the words of a speaker. They’re always placed above
the line and are used in pairs.
John said, “The com m issary closes a t 2100 hours today.”
"Where are the children?” she asked.

2. If the words of the speaker are divided into two parts, use quotation marks around
both parts.
“Do you,” she asked, “go to the library afte r class?”

3. Use quotation marks around the titles of chapters, articles, parts of books and maga­
zines, short poems, short stories, and songs.
Last night, I read the ch ap ter “G ram m ar Is E asy” in o u r book. Then, I read the article
“Learning E nglish” in the newspaper.

BOOK 22 APPENDIX I 1-1

E. APOSTROPHE (’)

1. Use an apostrophe in contractions.

I ’m s h e ’s the y’re
is n ’t a re n ’t ca n ’t
w hat’s w here’s B o b ’s
o ’clock (o f the clock)

2. Use an apostrophe to indicate possession.

a. If the noun is singular, ad d -’s.
B ill’s book
the g irl’s coat
b. When the noun is plural, ad d -’s, if the plural does not end in s.
the ch ildren’s clothes
the m e n ’s shirts
c. If the plural noun ends in s, add only an apostrophe.
the b oys’ shoes
the lib ra ries’ books

F. COMMA (,)

1. Use commas to separate items in a series.

We ate sandwiches, potato chips, a n d fru it for lunch.
She looked behind the chairs, under the bed, a nd in the kitchen fo r h e r notebook.

2. Use a comma before the conjunctions and, but, or, nor, for, yet when they join
independent clauses.
We lived in Venezuela for three years, a nd then we re turned to the United States.
Frank can sp eak Chinese well, b ut he c a n ’t read it.

3. Use a comma after an introductory clause or phrase to separate it from the rest of
the sentence.
A fte r we stud y this book, we want to take a break.
B ecause John was sick, he d id n ’t take the test.
Looking up a t the sky, the sm a ll boy suddenly ran home.

4. Use a comma after words such as yes, no, well when they begin a sentence.
Do you want to go to the library? I d id n ’t pass the test.
Yes, I do. Well, stud y more.

5. Use commas to separate the words of a speaker from the rest of the sentence.
“Listen to me,” she said.
Jack asked, “W here’s m y lu n ch? ”
“I d o n ’t know,” said John, “the answ er to the question.”

6. Use a comma in dates and addresses.

June 9, 1970
143 M ain Street, Los Angeles, California

I-2 AMERICAN LANGUAGE COURSE

 7. Use a comma in figures to separate thousands.
5.000 (o r 5000)
10.000
6,550,000

Capitalization_______________________________
1. Capitalize the first word of a sentence.
The b oy stoo d up a nd walked outside.
Your book is behind the chair.

2. Capitalize the names of people, cities, states, countries, and languages.

M ark Bill M ary Linda
San Antonio Chicago Houston London
Texas California Florida N ew York
Spain United States Canada Venezuela
Arabic Chinese Russian English

3. Capitalize the names of schools, streets, buildings, bridges, companies, and

organizations.
Defense Language Institute University o f Chicago
M ain S treet Em pire State Building
Golden Gate Bridge Ford M otor Com pany
G eneral M otors N ational Football League

4. Capitalize the days of the week, months of the year, and holidays.
S unday M onday Tuesday
June July August
Christm as Easter Thanksgiving

5. Capitalize titles and military ranks before names.

Gen Roberts Capt Smith S gt Jones
Professor Land President Lincoln

6. Capitalize the pronoun “I.”

I ca n ’t go with you.
I ’m happy to see you again.

7. Capitalize the first word of every direct quotation.

She asked, “Can I sit here?”
“We sa w her,” said John, “a t the university.”

BOOK 22 APPENDIX I 1-3

- USER NOTES -

AMERICAN LANGUAGE COURSE

 APPENDIX J Lesson Resources

B22L1 #1 Dialogs (Role-play cards) ......................................................................................... J-3

B22L2 # la -b Vocabulary (Information gap texts) ........................................................................ J-5

B22L2 #2 Speaking skill (Discussion cards) ............................................................................ J-9
B 22L 2#3 Grammar (Drawings) ............................................................................................... J -l 1
B 22L 2#4 Dialogs (Suspect pictures) ...................................................................................... J-13
B 22L 2#5 Listening skill (Topic texts) .................................................................................... J - l 5
B 2 2 L 2 # 6 a -f W riting skill (Paraphrasing cards) ........................................................................ J-17

B22L3 # la -b Vocabulary (Workshop pictures) ........................................................................... J-23

B22L3 #2 Listening skill (M ain idea text) .............................................................................. J-27

B22L4 #1 Listening skill (M ain idea text) .............................................................................. J-29

B 22L 4#2a-f Writing skill (Paraphrasing cards) ......................................................................... J-31
B22L4 #3 Speaking skill (Discussion cards) .......................................................................... J-37

B22L5 #1 Vocabulary (M atching cards) .................................................................................. J-39

B22L5 #2 Dialogs (Assistance cards) ...................................................................................... J-43

BOOK 22 APPENDIX J W BH
- USER NOTES -

AMERICAN LANGUAGE COURSE

 Dialogs — B22L1 #1
Lesson 1
Page 20
Exercise
Role-play cards

NEW CARPE PET CA

I
You are getting a new carpet in your apart­ Your boss is sending you to work in another
ment, and you need to move all of your country for one year. You need someone to
furniture outside while the carpet is being take care of your cat while you are gone.
installed. A sk your partner for help. A sk your partner for help.

ENGLISH CLASS ARTROUBL

You are having trouble in English class, and Your car has had lots of problem s recently,
you need someone to help you after class. and this m orning you can’t get it to start.
You’d like someone to practice speaking You don’t have any other way to get to
English with you. A sk your partner for help. school. Ask your partner for help.

BOOK 22 APPENDIX J
 Vocabulary — B22L2 #1a
Lesson 2
Page 27
Exercise
Information gap 1A

Student A

A Possible Crime

At 1145, Sergeant Hoover was notified by telephone about a male who

was attempting t o _________________________________________ Hoover

contacted Officer Young by radio to check out the situation. W hen Young

arrived, he observed an open window on the northeast com er of the house

and a suitcase which was lying on the ground next to the window. Young

approached the window and saw th a t_________________________________

He requested help by radio, and Officer Wayne was sent to assist him.

Once Wayne arrived, they approached the front door o f the residence and

found that it was locked. Young rang the bell, and a man opened the door.

The officers checked the m an’s ID to see whether he really lived in the

home. The man, whose nam e w a s ___________________________ , told the

officers that when he had returned home from a vacation, he couldn’t find

his house key. So he entered his home through the window. He further ex­

plained that the suitcase was in fact his, and he had ju st forgotten to bring

it inside. Officer Young advised Mr. Smith to take precaution by leaving

an extra key w ith ___________________________________________________

Then Officers Wayne and Young left the residence at 1245. No further ac­

tion was taken.

BOOK 22 APPENDIX J p in
 Vocabulary — B22L2 #1b
Lesson 2
Page 27
Exercise
Information gap 1B

Student B

A Possible Crime
A t 1145, Sergeant Hoover was notified by telephone about a male

who was attempting to enter a house illegally. Hoover contacted Offi­

cer Young by radio to check out the situation. W hen Young arrived, he

o b serv ed ___________________________ on the northeast com er of the

house and a suitcase which was lying on the ground next to the window.

Young approached the window and saw that the house was dark inside. He

requested help by radio, and Officer Wayne was sent to assist him. Once

Wayne arrived, they approached the front door of the residence and found

th a t___________________________ Young rang the bell, and a m an opened

the door. The officers checked the m an’s ID to see whether he really lived

in the home. The man, whose nam e was W illiam Smith, told the officers

that when he had returned hom e fro m ___________________________ , he

couldn’t find his house key. So he entered his home through the window.

He further explained that the suitcase was in fact his, and he had just for­

gotten to bring it inside. Officer Young advised Mr. Smith to take precau­

tion by leaving an extra key with a neighbor whom he could trust. Then

Officers Wayne and Young left the residence a t ______________N o further

action was taken.

BOOK 22 APPENDIX J
 Speaking skill — B22L2 #2
Lesson 2
Page 32
Discussion cards

D I S C U S S I O N CARD DISCUSSION CARD

(ask for clarification) (give clarification)

Could you please clarify that? Let me clarify that.

D IS C U S S IO N C A R D DISCUSSION CARD
(ask for clarification) (give clarification)

I don’t understand. Let me explain what I mean.

D IS C U S S IO N C A R D DISCUSSION CARD
(ask for clarification) (give clarification)

I’m a little confused about that. Let’s go over that one more time.

DISCUSSION CARD DISCUSSION CARD

(ask for clarification) (give clarification)

What do you mean by ...? Let me put it another way.

DISCUSSION CARD DISCUSSION CARD

(ask for clarification) (give clarification)

I don’t follow you. Let me clear a few things up.

BOOK 22 APPENDIX J TC TW
 Grammar — B22L2 #3
Lesson 2
Page 38
Exercise D
Drawings

1. 2.

o . o

f m )

o o

3. 4.

1 1 I I I

1— i l — 1

C c o ^ )

8.

« « « « « < m
w

/ / / / / / / / / / /

BOOK 22 APPENDIX J J-11

 Dialogs — B22L2 #4
Lesson 2
Page 46
Exercise A
Suspect pictures

SUSPECTS

© ©

1
f fl
@ @ 1
•
}
'zi
illl;

* . I . '* '"
h
: ^

I
BOOK 22 APPENDIX J
 Listening skill — B22L2 #5
Lesson 2
Page 48
Topic texts A&6

Topic text A
Farming in the Forest
Slash and burn is a farming method that When this type of farming is done in small
has been practiced throughout history. It be­ areas with a variety of different crops, it can
gan when farmers needed to find more land work well and even be beneficial to the envi­
to plant crops. Because there weren’t enough ronment. However, when it’s done over large
open fields, farmers would cut down trees in a areas, it can be harmful to the earth’s natural
forest and burn them. As a result, the ash from system because large areas of forest are de­
the burned trees made the dirt better for grow­ stroyed, and it may take many years for plant
ing crops. Farmers could plant crops in this and animal life to return. It may also result in
newly opened area for several seasons, but after land that can no longer be used for farming. Be­
a few years, the dirt would no longer be good cause of this, environmental organizations are
for farming and crops would no longer grow. attempting to educate people on ways to create
The farmers would then move on and find other space for crops without destroying forests.
portions of forest to slash and burn.

Topic text B
American Food: More Than Just Hamburgers
Although hot dogs and hamburgers are quite bines the European influence of baking breads
popular in the US, these are not the only foods with a Native American ingredient—corn. This
that the country has to offer. There is also a type of bread is often eaten with traditionally
wide variety of delicious regional foods that African-American dishes.
can be found throughout the US. Southwestern food is different from food in
For example, the New England region, other regions of the US because of the chili,
which is located in the Upper-eastern part of which is a small, hot pepper. There are over
the country, is famous for its seafood. One of two hundred varieties of these peppers, and
the most popular dishes is clam chowder—a they can be found in many southwestern dish­
soup made from clams, vegetables, and milk es combined with beans, meat, tomatoes, and
or cream. Although this soup comes from cheese. Southwestern food has become so pop­
New England, it can be found on menus across ular that restaurant chains which serve this type
the US. of food can be found all over the US.
Food from the southern region of the United New England, southern, and southwestern
States is a combination of European, Native foods are only a few examples of the great vari­
American, and African American influences. ety of foods that can be found in the US.
Com bread is an example of a dish that com-

BOOK 22 APPENDIX J J-15

 Writing skill — B22L2 #6a-f
Lesson 2
Page 48
Exercise
Paraphrasing cards

[A
! A Graduation Tradition
! Throwing hats into the air after a graduation is a tradition that can be seen throughout the
United States. This custom began in the ear­
ly 1900s at the US Naval Academy in An­
napolis, Maryland. When students graduate
from this academy, they are promoted from
midshipmen to officers. Thus, they need
to wear a different uniform and cap. Dur­
ing one graduation ceremony, the students
decided to throw their hats into the air be­
cause they no longer needed them and also
because they wanted to celebrate their great
accomplishment. This practice stuck, and it
has become part of both military and civilian graduation ceremonies everywhere.
22L2 #6a

Shark Attack Capital ;

If you visit the town of New Smyrna Beach j
on the east coast of Florida, it doesn’t seem to j
be different from other beautiful beach towns in j
the region. However, one thing makes this town j
different from the rest. It has more shark attacks j
than any other place in the world. In fact, there j
have been over 210 shark attacks reported there, j
Scientists are not sure why there are so many j
shark bites in this town, but it’s probably a com- !
bination of warm water, which attracts sharks, j
and the large numbers of swimmers and surfers. I
22L2 #6b j

BOOK 22 APPENDIX J J-17

i throwing hats graduation tradition
i 1900s Naval Academy
i students promoted midshipmen to officer
; different uniform cap decided throw hats
i no longer needed celebrate practice stuck
I become part graduation ceremonies everywhere

New Smyrna Beach Florida doesn’t seem different

however most shark attacks in world
over 210 attacks
scientists not sure why combination
warm water attracts sharks
large numbers swimmers and surfers

g ilifi AMERICAN LANGUAGE COURSE

 Great-Tasting Medicine
In 1886, a pharmacist named John Pember­
ton wanted to find a new way to treat head­
aches. He mixed several ingredients together
to make a medicine and named it Coca-Cola
because of its contents: coca leaf extract and
kola nuts. Pemberton sold the first samples
of this drink in a pharmacy for five cents per
glass, but it wasn’t very popular. No more than
nine glasses were sold on a good day. Even
so, little by little people started enjoying the
drink, and today, Coca-Cola is the most recog­
nized drink in the world with over one billion
cans of Coke sold every day.
22 L2 #6c ;

An Influential Jazz Musician

John Coltrane is one of the most important musi­
cians in the history of jazz music. He was born in 1926
in North Carolina. Because his father was a musician,
Coltrane was surrounded by music from a very young
age. He began playing saxophone in school and later
played in a Navy jazz band. After he left the service,
he became a professional musician. Coltrane played
many concerts and recorded over 50 albums in his life­
time. He created his own style of jazz music where he
would play hundreds of notes per minute. This style is
still copied by other jazz musicians to this day.
22L2 #6d

BOOK 22 APPENDIX J J-19

c

1886 John Pemberton new way treat headaches

mixed ingredients drink named Coca Cola
contents coca leaf kola nuts five cents
not popular little by little started enjoying drink
today most recognized brand one billion cans sold daily

I'D

i John Coltrane important musicians history of jazz

i bom 1926 North Carolina father musician
jsurrounded by music saxophone in school Navy band
i professional musician many concerts
i over 50 albums own style of jazz
i hundreds of notes per minute
| style copied

J-20 AMERICAN LANGUAGE COURSE

 . ii
Texas’s Wildflower
When people think of Texas, they often think of the
bluebonnet, a flower that can be seen growing wild all over
the state in late spring. The flower was named for its color
and because it looks a lot like a sunbonnet, which is a type j
of woman’s hat. Even many Texans don’t know that the !
bluebonnet can also be white or even pink, although these f j
colors are rare. There are five different types of the plant, , ~ |
and all of them grow only in Texas. This is why the blue- f ' ■ . ( .; . j
bonnet is the official flower of the state of Texas. ■ " • i

22L2 #6e |

A Man Who Lived by His Ideas

Andrew Carnegie, who was once one of the richest
men in the world, had very interesting ideas about how
people should spend their lives. Carnegie believed that
the first third of a person’s life should be spent getting
as much education as possible, the second third should
be spent earning as much money as possible, and the
final third should be spent giving all of the money away.
Carnegie adhered to this belief in his own life as much
as possible. By the time he died, Carnegie had given
away almost all of his money to pay for libraries, uni­
versities, and educational programs.
22L2 #6f

BOOK 22 APPENDIX J
 people think of Texas
think of bluebonnet flower grows wild late spring
named for color looks like sunbonnet woman’s hat
Texans don’t know bluebonnet white pink rare
five types plant grow only in Texas
official flower of Texas

Andrew Carnegie one of the richest men in world

interesting ideas how people should spend lives
first part of life education
second part earning money
final part giving money away adhered to belief
gave away almost all money
libraries universities educational programs

J-22 AMERICAN LANGUAGE COURSE

 Vocabulary — B22L3 #1a
Lesson 3
Page 56
Exercise B
Workshop picture A

BOOK 22 APPENDIX J J-23

Vocabulary — B22L3 #1b
Lesson 3
Page 56
Exercise B
Workshop picture B
 Listening skill — B22L3 #2
Lesson 3
Page 78
Main idea text

The History o f a Vegetable

The onion is one of the world’s oldest vegetables. Scientists
believe that onions have been used by people for over 5000 years.
Although they first grew in Asia and the Middle East, they have
been used all over the world in a variety of ways.
For example, during the Middle Ages in Europe, onions were
used as money. People traded onions for other food items and even
paid their rent with onions. During this time, onions were a popu­
lar gift, especially for special events, such as weddings and birth­
days.
Throughout history, another popular use of onions has been for
health purposes. In ancient Greece, athletes ate onions because
they thought onions would make them stronger. Ancient Romans
believed that onions could cure vision problems and toothaches.
In China, onions were used to treat headaches, fevers, and even
snakebites.
However, the most common use of the onion throughout history
has always been for food. Onions are eaten both raw and cooked.
They are frequently cooked together with different kinds of meat.
There are onion soups, onion bread, onion sauces, and even onion
ice cream. In fact, most cuisines use onions in some way. Onions
are certainly one of the most useful vegetables we know.

BOOK 22 APPENDIX J J-27

 Listening skill — B22L4 #1
Lesson 4
Page 85
Main idea text

Brother Against Brother

The US Civil War, which took place between the northern
states and the southern states, is sometimes referred to as “the war
between brothers.” Although m ost people who fought in the war
fought for the side where they were born or lived, others chose
which side they fought for based on their beliefs. This was espe­
cially true in states which were near the border between the north
and south. M any families who lived in those areas were divided,
with family members fighting on different sides.
One example of this is Jam es and W illiam Terrill, two brothers
from Virginia. Although Virginia was a southern state, W illiam
decided to fight for the north and eventually becam e a brigadier
general for the northern army. His brother James was a general for
the southern army. Both brothers were killed in combat.
Another family which was divided by the war was the Crit­
tendens from Kentucky. W hen the war started, Kentucky rem ained
neutral because the government couldn’t agree on w hich side to
support. John Crittenden, who was a senator, tried to create a plan
which made both sides happy. However, his own family did not
support his plan. One of his sons, Thomas, supported the north and
becam e an officer in the northern army, while another son, George,
becam e a general for the south.
W hen the war ended, the nation and many o f the families which
were divided cam e back together again. However, in some families,
the divisions did not end with the war, m aking the US Civil War
truly a war between brothers.

BOOK 22 APPENDIX J J-29

 Writing skill — B22L4 #2a-f
Lesson 4
Page 85
Paraphrasing cards

ra "

Face the Music

The English idiom “face the music” means to accept the un­
pleasant results of your actions, and it appears to have started in
the US military in the mid 1800s. At that time, a soldier could
be sent away from his unit because of bad behavior. When this
happened, there would be a group of drummers playing. The
soldier would have to turn and face them while the charges
against him were read aloud. Nowadays, when people say they
have to face the music, they mean that they are in trouble and
are going to accept their punishment.

22L4 #2a

\B

A Woman’s Honorable Service

Dr. Mary Walker is the only woman to receive the Medal
of Honor, the highest award given by the US government for
individual acts of courage during wartime. Dr. Walker earned
her medal for her work during the US Civil War. She first
worked unpaid as a nurse. Later, she was hired as a civilian
and became the first woman surgeon to serve with the US
Army. She worked near the front lines, treating soldiers and
civilians on both sides of the war. She was even taken pris­
oner of war for a short time. Dr. Walker showed that women
could serve their country with honor.

22L4 #2b

BOOK 22 APPENDIX J J-31

 English idiom = accept unpleasant result of action
US military mid 1800s soldier sent away
bad behavior drummers playing
soldier turn and face them charges read
nowadays means accept punishment

iD
■O

j Dr.Mary Walker only woman won Medal of Honor

i highest award US government
j individual acts of courage during wartime
i earned medal US Civil War
i nurse first woman surgeon
I front lines treated soldiers and civilians
j both sides women serve country with honor

J-32 AMERICAN LANGUAGE COURSE

s"c

New York’s Most Popular Park !

Over 25 million people visit New York City’s Central Park each 1
year. Most of these visitors don’t realize, however, that New York’s ;
beautiful green park was actually designed by architects. The archi- ;
tects were hired by the city in 1859, but before building could begin, ;
many families had to be moved out of the area where the park would ;
be built. It took the designers over 15 years to complete the park. To- ;
day, the park contains seven lakes and streams, over 26,000 trees, and \
21 playgrounds. It’s a popular attraction for both tourists and New ;
York City residents. ;

22L4 #2c i

j D
An Unbelievable Flight
The Monarch butterfly is a great mystery of the natural world. Every year these winged in-
! sects fly a round trip of up to three thousand miles
! from Canada and the United States to Mexico.
! However, a single butterfly will migrate only one
! way in its short lifetime. Indeed, each fall Mon-
! archs somehow find their way back to the same
! mountains in central Mexico that their great-great
! grandparents departed from the spring before. No
! other butterflies migrate the way the Monarchs of
! North America do, yet scientists still don’t know
! how or why the butterflies make this unbelievable
! trip.
i . -------------- ---------------------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- — — --------- --- —
22L4 #2d !
-------------------------------------------------------- -*

BOOK 22 APPENDIX J J-33

c
25 million people visit Central Park
New York City each year beautiful green park
visitors don’t realize designed by architects
hired in 1859 before building
families moved 15 years to complete
seven lakes and streams 26,000 trees
21 playgrounds popular attraction tourists and residents

Monarch butterfly great mystery

every year fly round trip 3,000 miles
Canada and US to Mexico
single butterfly migrate one way
each fall back to same mountains in Mexico
great-great grandparents departed spring before
no other butterflies
scientists don’t know how or why

J-34 AMERICAN LANGUAGE COURSE

! E
; Storm Chasers
j Most people try to avoid being in the middle
; of tornados and hurricanes. Storm chasers, on the
; other hand, try to get as close as they can to ex-
; treme weather conditions. There are a number of
; reasons why they do this. Some storm chasers work
| for universities or the government and are trying to
; gather scientific information about storms. Others
| work for television news programs. Many are pro-
| fessional photographers who can sell photographs
| to magazines. Although there may be different rea-
; sons for chasing storms, it’s still a very dangerous
; activity. Because of this, there are not many people
'< who can call themselves storm chasers.
I 22L4 #2e

A New Place to Build a Home

By the mid-1900s, the population of one of America’s fa­
vorite songbirds, the Eastern Bluebird, had become criti­
cally low. The birds were being seriously affected by loss
of habitat (trees with holes to nest in). Additionally, two
types of European birds had begun taking over many of the
nesting holes that remained. However, bluebirds received
help from a group of people who started to build nest box­
es. These man-made nests were placed in various locations
preferred by bluebirds. Then volunteers made sure that the
European birds didn’t move in. Due to these significant ef­
forts, bluebird numbers have been gradually improving.
22 L4 #2f

BOOK 22 APPENDIX J J-35

E

people avoid tornados and hurricanes

storm chasers get close
extreme weather reasons
work for universities or government
scientific information television news programs
professional photographers
different reasons dangerous activity
not many people call themselves storm chasers

mid-1900s America’s favorite songbird

Eastern Bluebird critically low
loss of habitat trees with holes to nest in
European birds taking over bluebirds received help
build nest boxes man-made nests volunteers
European birds didn’t move in
bluebird numbers improving

J-36 AMERICAN LANGUAGE COURSE

 Speaking skill — B22L4 #3
Lesson 4
Page 100
Discussion cards

D IS C U S S IO N C A R D D ISCUSSIO N CARD
(express agreement) (express disagreement)

I agree. I respect your opinion, b u t ...

D IS C U S S IO N C A R D DISCUSSIO N CARD
(express agreement) (express disagreement)

You’re right. T hat’s not how I see it.

D IS C U S S IO N C A R D D ISCUSSIO N CARD
(express agreement) (express disagreement)

T hat’s how I feel. I disagree.

D IS C U S S IO N C A R D D ISCUSSIO N CARD
(express agreement) (express disagreement)

Definitely. I see your point, b u t ...

D IS C U S S IO N C A R D DISCUSSIO N CARD
(express agreement) (express disagreement)

Exactly. I d on’t think so, because ...

BOOK 22 APPENDIX J J-37

 Vocabulary — B22L5 #1
Lesson 5
Page 114
Exercise M
Matching cards

-j

saw hammer

bolt shovel pliers

BOOK 22 APPENDIX J J-39

 p p p

p p p

w w w

w w w
MEM AMERICAN LANGUAGE COURSE
 Kill

drill primer cartridge

screw­
nails firing pin
driver
BOOK 22 APPENDIX J J-41
 p p p

p p p

w w w

w w w
J-42 AMERICAN LANGUAGE COURSE
 Dialogs — B22L5 #2
Lesson 5
Page 119
Exercise U
Assistance cards

You’re on a new base, and

you’re lost. Ask for directions You’ve lost your keys. Ask for help.
to the BX.

You’re going to buy a new car, but you

You fell down and twisted your ankle.
know nothing about cars. Ask your friend
Ask for assistance.
to help you.

You have some very important letters to mail,

The phone is ringing, but
but you have no time to go to the post office.
your hands are wet. Ask for help.
Ask someone to do it for you.

You have no clean clothes, and you don’t

Your car has broken down, and you need a ride
have any time to do laundry. Ask a friend
to work. Ask your friend for a ride.
to help you.

You’re going on vacation and need someone

The trash can in your office caught on fire.
to take care of your dog while you’re gone.
Get some help quickly.
Ask for help.

BOOK 22 APPENDIX J
 APPENDIX K US Military Ranks, Grades, and Insignia
US MILITARY OFFICER RANK INSIGNIA
AIR FORCE ARMY MARINES NAVY

0-10
GENERAL GENERAL GENERAL
ADMIRAL

0 -9
LIEUTENANT LIEUTENANT LIEUTENANT
GENERAL GENERAL GENERAL VICE ADMIRAL

0-8
MAJOR GENERAL MAJOR GENERAL MAJOR GENERAL REAR ADMIRAL
(U PPER HALF)

0 -7
BRIGADIER BRIGADIER BRIGADIER
%
REAR ADMIRAL
GENERAL GENERAL GENERAL (LOWER HALF)

am
0-6
COLONEL COLONEL COLONEL CAPTAIN

' V\ N 'x \ \ %
0 -5
LIEUTENANT LIEUTENANT LIEUTENANT
COLONEL COLONEL COLONEL COMMANDER
(SILVER OAK LEAF) (SILVER OAK LEAF) (SILVER OAK LEAF) (SILVER OAK LEAF)

0 -4
MAJOR MAJOR MAJOR LIEUTENANT COMMANDER
(GOLD OAK LEAF) (GOLD OAK LEAF) (GOLD OAK LEAF) (GOLD OAK; LEAF)

0 -3 o !%
CAPTAIN CAPTAIN CAPTAIN LIEUTENANT
(SILVER BARS) (SILVER BARS) (SILVER BARS) (SILVER BARS)

0-2 !%
1st LIEUTENANT 1st LIEUTENANT 1st l i e u t e n a n t LIEUTENANT JUNIOR GRADE
(SILVER BAR) (SILVER BAR) (SILVER BAR) (SILVER BAR)

0-1
2nd LIEUTENANT 2nd LIEUTENANT 2nd LIEUTENANT ENSIGN
(GOLD BAR) (GOLD BAR) (GOLD BAR) (GOLD BAR)

BOOK 22 APPENDIX K K-1

 US MILITARY ENLISTED RANK INSIGNIA
AIR FORCE ARMY MARINES NAVY

E-9* A is
W 5 3
C hief IVlaster Serg ean t Ser;*eant Major Sei geant M eijor M aster CJhief Pett;y Officer

A s
E-8*
M aster M aster
Senior M aster S srgeant 'Sergean t Sergeant Senior C hief P etty Officer

E-7* A
M aster Sergeant Serge*in t F irs t Class G unnery Sergreant Chief P etty Officer

E-6
1
Technical Sergeant S taff S ergeant S taff Sergeant P etty 0 fficer F irst Class

ia
E-5 ip
S taff Sergeant Sergeant S ergeant P etty Officer Second Class

E-4
El
Senior Airm an Corporal Specialist Corporal P etty Officer T hird Class

E-3
A irm an F irst Class Private F irst Class
&
Lance Corporal Seam an

E-2
Airm an
A Private
A
Private F irst Class
ES
Sean nan Appr sntice

E-l (no in sig n ia )

A irm an Basic
(no in sig n ia )
P rivate
(no in sig n ia )
P rivate
(no in sig n ia )
Seam an Recruit

*NOTE: In the chart above, we have chosen only one example of the possible ranks and
insignia for each senior NCO pay grade. Those who serve in certain positions, such as
first sergeant, wear similar insignia with varying symbols, and they are addressed by
different titles.

K-2 AMERICAN LANGUAGE COURSE

 US MILITARY WARRANT OFFICER RANK INSIGNIA
ARMY MARINES NAW

W-5
1 m 1 i
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BOOK 22 APPENDIX K K-3

USER NOTES -

AMERICAN LANGUAGE COURSE

 APPENDIX L Language Functions for Better Communication

We use language functions in order to accomplish a purpose, for example, asking for opinions.
Below is a list of several classroom language functions with examples of common phrases,
questions, and statements used to successfully accomplish them. This list focuses on the
language of formal situations, but some options are offered in italics for informal conversations.

Check listener’s understanding Seek verification

Do you understand? If I understand you correctly ...
Is everything clear? Do you mean ...?
Are you with me/following me? In other words, you think ...
(Have you) got that? So, what you’re telling me is ...

Confirm understanding Buy time

I understand. Just a moment/second, please.
I ’m with you. Can I get back to you later on that?
Got it. Let me think about that.
Roger that. Wait a second/minute.
Right. Hold. on.

A sk for repetition Interrupt

Could you please repeat that? I’m sorry to interrupt, b ut...
Pardon me? Excuse me, ...
Say that again, please. Do you mind if I say something?
Run that by me again. If I may, I’d like to express my view.
I didn’t catch that.
Sum m arize key points
Seek clarification Let’s review/go over ...
Could you please clarify that? To sum (things) up, ...
I don’t understand. To recap, ...
I’m a little confused about that. Let’s briefly go over what we’ve said.
What do you mean by ... ? Let me summarize what we’ve covered.
I don’t follow you.
A sk for opinions
Give clarification What do you think (about) ... ?
Let me clarify that. How do you feel about... ?
Let me explain what I mean. What’s your opinion on ...?
Let’s go over that one more time. Could you give me your ideas on ... ?
Let me put it another way. What are your thoughts on this?
Let me clear* a few things up.

BOOK 22 APPENDIX L L-1

Offer an opinion Paraphrase / restate
I think/believe ... In other words, ...
In my opinion/view, ... To put it another way, ...
It seems to me that... Let me restate/rephrase that.
The way I see it, ... Allow me to say it another way.
If you ask me, ...
Offer a suggestion
Express agreem ent You might want to think about...
I agree. We might want to consider ...
You’re right. What if we ...?
That’s how I feel. I have an idea.
Definitely.
Exactly. Identify and assess problem s
Let’s take a closer look at this.
Express disagreem ent Here’s how I understand the problem.
I respect your opinion, b ut... Here’s my take on the situation.
That’s not how I see it. Here’s what we/you need to work on.
I disagree. How should we proceed?
I see your point, b u t...
I don’t think so. Introducing a plan
Wait a minute. Why don’t we begin by ... ?
The first thing we should do is ...
Ask for rationale / justification Let’s start with this.
What were your reasons for ... ? Let’s get our priorities straight.
Why did you decide to do that? First things first.
Could you explain why ... ?
How did you come to that conclusion? Change the topic
How did you figure that out? I don’t want to change the subject, but
Changing the subject, ...
Express uncertainty or lack o f understand On a different note, ...
ing On a related topic, ...
I’m confused about... By the way, ...
I’m not familiar with ... Let’s shift gears.
I’m not sure about...
It’s not clear to me. Fill silence
I just don’t get it. OK.
All right.
Express doubt Well.
I’m not convinced that... Uh-huh.
I have my doubts about that. Really ?
Are you sure about that?
I have a hard time believing that...

msm AMERICAN LANGUAGE COURSE

HOMEWORK FOR BOOK 22 LESSOR 1
EXERCISE A Interview a person who is not a member of the class.
Use the questions th a t you prepared in class. Take notes on the answ ers you are given.

EXERCISE B
i
Complete each sentence with a word from the gray box.

choked insects breathe swallowed

give a hand ambulance within poisonous

1. Don’t touch th a t plant! It’s ____________________

2. The little boy accidently____________________a piece of plastic.

3. There are too m an y ____________________flying around and biting me!

4. T h e ____________________is parked near the emergency room.

5. Hurry! We have to fin ish ____________________10 minutes.

6. While he was eating chicken, h e ____________________on a bone.

7. You look like you need some help. Can I _______________yo u _________

8. I could h a rd ly ______ ________ __ because there wasn’t enough air in the room.

EXERCISE C Match each word with its opposite.

1. conscious a. later
2. major b. to go away from
3. to approach c. critical
4. not im portant d. minor
5. at once e. to talk quietly
6. to shout f. passed out

BOOK 22 LESSON 1 HOMEWORK HW-1

EXERCISE D Match a phrase from each column to make a sentence.

1. Can you a. how to read a map.

2. I can call on b. by changing her flat tire.
3. The new course concerns c. do me a favor?
4. Lenny gave Gina a hand d. you may get into legal trouble.
5. Paul retold the story e. my neighbor to help me.
6. If you steal something, f. because some people didn’t
understand it the first time.

EXERCISE E Match each question with an answer.

QUESTIONS

1. Did Ms. Henry fall down?

2. Is Lt Anderson very sick?
3. Could th a t insect be poisonous?
4. Can Elena take the test again?
5. Does Lt Levy have a report due next week?
6. Do you have any particular complaints about your job?

ANSWERS

HW-2 AMERICAN LANGUAGE COURSE

 EXERCISE F Write the correct tense to complete each sentence.

1. The tr a in ______________________ at 8:30 every night.

arrives / is arriving

2. Ali’s not in right now. H e ______________________ his car.

works on / is working on

3. W e______________________ our grandparents every Sunday afternoon.

visit / are visiting

4. SSgt Bow ers______________________ dinner. He’s trying out a new recipe.

cooks / is cooking

5. Lt Wang alw ays______________________ when she sees this movie.

laughs / is laughing

6. Jill’s upstairs. S h e ______________________ her hair.

washes / is washing

________________
EXERCISE G Complete each sentence with the correct tense of the verb.

Use the sim ple p resen t or p resen t progressive,

choke 1. Help me! My b ab y ______ is choking_______I.

arrive 2. Move out of the way. An am bulance_______________________

shout 3. Almost every day, someone______________________ at work.

crash 4. Every day, a different c a r ____________________ at this intersection.

fall 5. Those books______________________ off the bookcase a lot.

build T°day’ transportation agency______________________ a new

highway.

BOOK 22 LESSON 1 HOMEWORK HW-3

 EXERCISE H Read the text and select the best answer.

Save a Life with CPR

Everyone should be trained to do push the chin up. Blow two rescue
CPR (cardiopulmonary resuscitation) breaths into the victim’s mouth while,
because knowing how to perform CPR at the same time, checking to make
could save someone’s life. In medi­ sure th a t the chest moves up and down.
cal emergencies when a person’s heart Finally, CC’ is for circulation—compress
stops working or a person or push down on the vic­
stops breathing, CPR can tim ’s chest thirty times to
allow blood to resume flow­ help the blood circulate
ing in the body and the per­ throughout the body. Repeat
son to start breathing again. this A -B-C process as many
CPR, which is also known as times as it is needed until
mouth-to-mouth resuscita­ medical help arrives or the
tion, is especially im portant person starts breathing.
because once the h eart stops Before administering any
working, the hum an brain can survive form of CPR, it’s a good idea to take a
for only four minutes without perm a­ training class. There are many orga­
nent damage. nizations which offer these classes. If
In CPR training, one thing you will going to a class is not convenient, there
learn is the A -B-C process. ‘A’ is for are also online training courses avail­
airway—clear the airway passages (the able th a t can be easily completed from a
nose or the mouth), making sure air can computer anywhere in the world. Don’t
go in and out. ‘B’ stands for breathing— forget: get trained in CPR and you could
gently move the victim’s head back and save someone’s life.

1. W hat does CPR stand for? 4. How many times should you press
a. cardiopulmonary resuscitation down on the victim’s chest?
b. mouth-to-mouth resuscitation a. at least 30 times
c. circulation procedure b. no more than twice
resuscitation c. thirteen times

2. W hat does the ‘B’ in the A-B-C 5. W hat should you do before
process stand for? administering CPR?
a. brain a. go online
b. backwards b. take a training class
c. breathing c. join an organization

3. You help blood circulate through

the victim’s body b y ______
a. rescue breathing
b. clearing the airway
c. pushing on the victim’s chest

HW-4 AMERICAN LANGUAGE COURSE

 EXERCISE I Select the sentence that means the same thing.

1. The train slowly approached the first railroad crossing.

a. It left the crossing.
b. It waited at the crossing.
c. It came towards the crossing.

2. Did you hear that? It sounded like a huge crash.

a. Yes, I think there was a car accident.
b. Yes, the sink is still leaking.
c. Yes, the musicians are practicing.

3. Jo is having minor surgery next week.

a. The surgery is very serious.
b. The surgery will be painful.
c. The surgery is not critical.

4. Call an ambulance! The teacher has fainted!

a. The teacher has worked out.
b. The teacher has passed out.
c. The teacher has dropped by.

5. I’m looking for a particular area on the map.

a. There is a specific area I w ant to find on the map.
b. There is an area on the map th a t is hard to find.
c. I’m very bad w ith maps and can’t find anything.

6. Ken expects to get an answer to his request within three days.

a. It will take no longer than three days.
b. It will take more than three days.
c. It will never arrive.

7. John likes to go out w ith his guy friends once a week after work.
a. John goes out w ith his female co-workers.
b. John only has friends who are males.
c. John sometimes goes out with his male friends.

8. Lt Charles has too much stuff in the back of his car.

a. His car is empty.
b. There are too many people in the back.
c. He has a lot of things in the back seat.

BOOK 22 LESSON 1 HOMEWORK HW-5

 EXERCISE J Choose sentences to complete the dialog.

Here, let me 1ielp you. Thank you for giving me a hand,

Can I get you anything?
Hey, can you do me a favor? Could you get me another one?

Jim: I’m goin g to the BX. O

Lora: Yes. I th ink my cell phone battery died.

Jim: Yes, of course. But w hat kind is it?

Lora: Maybe it’s better if I go with you. Do you mind?

Jim: Not at all. I ju st need to put this box in the trunk of my car and I’m ready.

Lora: © That box looks heavv.

Jim: It is heeivv. ©

Lora: Happy ;o help anvtime. ©

Jim: Sure. Wh a t do you need?

Lora: Can we stop and get something to eat before we go to the BX?

Jim: Great iclea! Let’s go!

EXERCISE K | Write a yes/no question to get information for each situation.

1. You w ant to take a bus

2. You w ant to know if you and
downtown, but you don’t
your friend have enough time
know w hether to take Bus 12
to go to the BX before class.
or Bus 13.

HW-6 AMERICAN LANGUAGE COURSE

 EXERCISE L Read the text, and circle the word the pronoun refers to.

Life in the 21st century can be difficult; stress has become a

reality in many people’s lives, and it has been shown to cause several
illnesses. Many of today’s common illnesses and disorders could be
lessened if people learned how to manage their stress better. For
example, if people exercised, had better diets, and took time to relax,
they wouldn’t feel the effects of stress as much.

1. The pronoun it in the second line 2. In line 6, they refers to

refers t o ______ a. illnesses
a. reality b. disorders
b. stress c. people
c. the 21st century

Match the words that mean the same.

1. poison a. minor

2. particular b. to name for a position

3. slight c. specific

4. to crash d. stuff or things

5. to nominate e. a deadly substance

6. objects f. to hit with force

EXERCISE N Complete the sentences using your own words.

1. The teacher looks as if she is very angry

2. The w eather seems as th o u g h __________

3. It smells as i f _________________________

BOOK 22 LESSON 1 HOMEWORK HW-7

EXERCISE O Write a sentence about each picture using as if or as though.

2.

HW-8 AMERICAN LANGUAGE COURSE

HOMEWORK FOR BOOK 22 LESSON 2
EXERCISE A Complete each sentence with a word from the gray box.

arrested huge feature

spot suspect
jail due to simple

1. Her eyes are her prettiest

2. He missed class________ his wife’s illness.

3. T hat’s the biggest insect I’ve ever seen. It’s

4. Once the police catch Jim Thompson, he will go t o _________

5. The police_________________a young man for stealing cars.

6. I’ll wear a red h at so you can me easily.

7. The police have been looking for the ______ who has been
stealing cars.

8. The directions to Sheryl’s house are quite because

she lives right down the street.

EXERCISE B Match each word with its opposite.

1. reckless a. careful
2. complicated b. im patient
3. former c. to be similar
4. to differ d. to not reach
5. patient e. simple
6. to catch up with f. latter

BOOK 22 LESSON 2 HOMEWORK HW-9

 EXERCISE C Match th e words and phrases that mean the same.

1. an incident a. simple
2. to differ b. sound produced by speaking
3. to declare c. to be unlike
4. plain d. to name or appoint
5. voice e. to make official
6. to ru n across f. to m eet by accident
7. to designate g- an event

EXERCISE D Complete the paragraph by filling in the blanks._______________

Changes a t the Olympic Games

The Olympic Games began almost 3,000 years ago in Greece, and since th a t time,
they O _________________gone though many changes. One of the first major chang­
es was the location of the games. © _________________first games took place in
Athens. But since 1896, the games have been moved to different locations every four
years. Another big change has © _________________the participation of women. For
example, in the games of 1920, women were only allowed Q _________________take
part in events in which long skirts could be worn. Then, © _________________1928,
women were allowed to take part in running events. Nowadays, they participate
0 _________________ almost as many events as men do. The biggest change in the

Olympic Games came in 1988 when professional athletes O _________________

allowed to participate. The first professional athletes allowed to take part in the
games were tennis and basketball players. Today, specific officials for each sport
decide if and how many professional athletes are allowed to participate in
© _________________Olympic Games.

HW-10 AMERICAN LANGUAGE COURSE

EXERCISE E Shorten each sentence by using an adjective phrase.

1. Some of the items th a t were ordered are no longer available.

Some of the items ordered are no longer available.________

2. Mike drives a car th at was built for speed.

3. Did the captain who was briefing you seem confident?

4. The exercise program th at is being designed for us is easy to follow.

5. When is the storm th a t is being forecast supposed to reach us?

EXERCISE F Shorten each sentence by using a prepositional phrase.

1. Customers who have questions should speak to the manager.

Customers w ith questions should speak to the manager.______

2. Most of the stores th a t are at the mall stay open until 9:00 p.m.

3. Who is the young soldier who has the new car?

4. Checks th a t don’t have a signature won’t be cashed.

BOOK 22 LESSON 2 HOMEWORK HW-11

EXERCISE G Select the best s u m m a ry of the outline.

FUEL USES

I. Gasoline
A. Automobiles
B. Small engines (lawn mowers, boats, etc.)

II. Diesel
A. Military vehicles and trains
B. Some automobiles

III. Kerosene
^ A. Heating and cooking
B. Jet fuel

a. Both diesel and gasoline are used in automobiles. Kerosene is not.

b. Gasoline, diesel, and kerosene are all fuels th a t have different uses.
c. The type of fuel you use depends on the type of vehicle you drive.

Complete each sentence by using a noun or noun phrase.

1. We rnnsiHer him t.n be the best mechanic in town____________________

2. They have designated Monday a s ___________________________________

3. The judge will appoint Mr. Jones a s _________________________________

4. We imagined London to b e _________________________________________

5. The teacher chose the student a s ___________________________________

6. I’d like to be selected a s ___________________________________________

HW-12 AMERICAN LANGUAGE COURSE

 EXERCISE I Read the text, and circle the word the pronoun refers to.

It takes approximately three weeks for the growth of the butterfly to

be complete. The journey begins when an egg is deposited on a leaf. Then,
a caterpillar is developed. After that, it wraps itself in a cocoon and grows
into a butterfly.

1. The pronoun it in the third line refers to the

a. egg
b. caterpillar
c. growth

2. In line 3, itself refers to th e ______

a. cocoon
b. butterfly
c. caterpillar

EXERCISE J Select the sentence that means the same thing.

1. The process of applying for college 4. The girl identified the m an who
admission is very complex. stole her purse from the photo.
a. It’s official. a. She talked to the man.
b. It’s easy to do. b. She recognized him.
c. It’s complicated. c. She forgot her wallet.

2. There is no difference between 5. You m ust have patience to learn

these two pictures. a language.
a. They are unlike each other. a. You should give yourself time.
b. They are like each other. b. You need to pass all the tests.
c. They are plain. c. You need to attend class.

The main entrance to the building 6. I left a note for you on the table.
is closed. a. I left a short message.
a. You can use the front door b. I left a long letter.
b. You cannot use the front door. c. I called you on the phone.
c. You can enter anyway.

BOOK 22 LESSON 2 HOMEWORK HW-13

EXERCISE K Put the adjectives in the right order to complete the sentences.

1. Jane boug ht_______________ ten sweet red________________ apples.

red / ten / sweet

2. We’re planning a(n )______________________________________ party.

international / fun / student

3. How are you doing i n _____________________________________class?

your / m ath / college

4. Janet saw a (n )_________________________________ movie last night.

new / adventure / exciting

5. blanket should keep you warm.

this / wool / heavy

6. When did you ta k e ______________________________________ flight?

airplane / first / your

7. He’ll attend t h e _________________________________________course.

language / interesting / free

8. W hat kind of cookies are i n ___________________________ container?

glass / th at / clear

HW-14 AMERICAN LANGUAGE COURSE

HOMEWORK FOR BOOK 22 LESSON 3
EXERCISE A Match each verb with its definition.

1. to drive a nail a. to hold tightly

2. to grip b. to make stick

3. to sand c. to make smooth

4. to bore d. to make a hole

5. to enable e. to make possible

6. to glue f. to make a hole in earth

7. to dig g- to h it or strike it hard

EXERCISE B Complete each sentence with a word from the gray box.

aim drilled
carpenter board
device motion

1. A tool or a machine is a _________________

2. T h e _________________of the ship made John feel sick.

3. A _________________uses wood to make furniture.

4. David drove nails into th e _________________with his hammer.

5. Katie holes in the wall for the screws.

6. The _ of this exercise is to practice vocabulary.

BOOK 22 LESSON 3 HOMEWORK HW-15

EXERCISE C Match each device, material, or tool with its use.

1. hammer a. bending or cutting wire

2. goggles b. attaching 2 pieces of wood

3. glue c. fastening with a nut

4. pliers d. protecting the eyes

5. sandpaper e. cutting paper

6. nails f. making a hole by boring

7. drill g- sticking things together

8. bolt h. driving nails

9. scissors i. making wood smooth

Choose the best answer.

The of this pencil is very 4. Please bring me th a t so I

dull. I have to sharpen it. can dig a hole for this pole.
a. hole a. drill
b. nut b. saw
c. tip c. shovel

A is used to cut wood. 5. We enjoyed the natural of

a. saw the national park.
b. tip a. tip
c. hammer b. rust
c. beauty
There’s a lot of on th a t old
car. 6. Capt Cho w alk e d . ... nervously
a. glue while waiting for the report.
b. rust a. back and forth
c. device b. in order to
c. a good deal of

HW-16 AMERICAN LANGUAGE COURSE

EXERCISE E Read the te x t, and write the word that each pronoun refers to.

Is the w ater th a t comes out of faucets safe to drink? Most people

think it is; however, a recent EPA (Environmental Protection Agency)
article shows th a t much of the w ater supply in many states is toxic.
This means th a t it contains many chemicals th a t are hazardous to living
beings. Many of the chemicals found in w ater have been linked to serious
illnesses, such as tum ors and leukemia. In order to lessen the chances
of drinking toxic water, people should consider filtering the w ater they
drink.

1. The pronoun it in the second line refers t o ___

2. The pronoun it in the fourth line refers t o ___

3. The pronoun they in the seventh line refers to

Read the text, and write the word that each pronoun refers to.

W hat happens to old computers when they stop working? They are
often thrown away w ith the standard garbage. However, there are
recycling centers where people can dispose of their old electronics,
including computers. They specialize in taking computers apart, saving
their “good” or usable parts and donating the rest to charities.

1. The pronoun they in the first line refers to __

2. The pronoun their in the third line refers to .

3. The pronoun they in the fourth line refers to

BOOK 22 LESSON 3 HOMEWORK HW-17

EXERCISE G Match each word to its opposite.

1. bare a. sharp
2. blunt b. fine
3. clockwise c. exit
4. coarse d. covered
5. entry e. counterclockwise

EXERCISE H Write the correct word on the line to complete each sentence.

1. Anne w a s ______________________ th a t she wasn’t h u rt in the car crash.

thankful / thankless

2. Bob’s boss never listens to him. He feels______________________ at work.

powerful / powerless

3. Maj Poe w a s______________________ while washing dishes and broke a plate.

careful / careless

4. Col Elm always gives others a hand. He’s v e ry _______________________

helpful / helpless

5. We’re busy, so it i s ______________________ th a t Lee can have Friday off.

doubtful / doubtless

6. Pvt Cohn said his coat w a s______________________ because it had holes.

u sefu l/ useless

7. PO Gore told Pvt Lee she was fat. H ow ______________________ !

thoughtful / thoughtless

8. Claire went to the dentist because she broke a tooth. She said it was
v e ry _______________________
painful / painless

HW-18 AMERICAN LANGUAGE COURSE

 Fill in the blanks with a word from the gray box.

A d d the suffix -ful or 4ess to complete each word. Some spelling changes are necessary.

penny m eat
peace beauty
friend sleep

1. Ellen is sad. She feels . friendless --

2. Fred only eats vegetables, so he eats meals.

3. That place is known for its scenerv.

4. My neighbors are so noisy th a t I have a lot of _ nights.

5. Tt’s so quiet and at the beach; Tlove it.

6. George lost all his money. Now he’s

Complete each sentence with a that noun clause.

Pay attention to the pun ctua tion, w hich indicates i f you m ust w rite a statement or a question.

1. Dn ynn t h in k (th a t) it will snow tomorrow_____________________________?

2. I believe (th a t)_______________________________________________________

3. Did you notice (th a t)_________________________________________________ ?

4. The teacher found out (th a t)___________________________________________.

5. Does your classmate know (th a t)______________________________________ ?

6. My father regrets (that)_______________________________________________

7. Did your husband/wife realize (th a t)___________________________________?

8. My sister remembered (th a t)__________________________________________

BOOK 22 LESSON 3 HOMEWORK HW-19

 EXERCISE K Read the text, and choose the best answer to each question.

Fire E xtinguish ers in the US

There are four types of fire extinguishers th a t are currently in use in the US. The
type of fire extinguisher th a t should be used depends on the type of fire th a t it will
be used on. All fire extinguishers are labeled w ith a letter th at indicates the types of
fires it can be used to extinguish. Some fire extinguishers are also labeled with num ­
bers th at give additional information. Class A, B, and C extinguishers are for general
purposes and can be found in homes and businesses. Class D extinguishers are found
only in laboratories. The chart below further explains the four types of extinguishers.

Class of Fire Types o f fires

Contents Additional information
Extinguisher used on

paper,

A water wood,
plastic
number indicates amount
of water contained

paper,
number indicates square
dry chemicals combustible liquids,
feet of coverage

e
electrical equipment

dry chemicals electrical equipment none

* sand, metal combustible metals none

1. The letters on a fire extinguisher tell y o u ______

a. the company th a t made it
b. the type of fire it puts out
c. in which location it should be stored
d. who should be trained to use it
2. Which location should have a fire extinguisher containing sand?
a. a home
b. a business
c. a laboratory
d. a restaurant

HW-20 AMERICAN LANGUAGE COURSE

3. Class B fire extinguishers contain______
a. water
b. dry chemicals
c. sand
d. metal
4. A fire extinguisher containing sand or m etal should be used on a _____ fire.
a. paper
b. metal
c. electrical-equipment
d. combustible-liquid
5. A fire extinguisher without a number might h o ld ______
a. w ater and sand
b. metals and w ater
c. dry chemicals
d. liquid chemicals
6. You should not use a Class A fire extinguisher o n ______
a. a radio
b. a bookcase
c. a desk in your office
d. papers in a trash can

Use do, does, or did to write answers that add emphasis.

1. Does Pam w ant to go for a walk in the park this afternoon?

No, but she does w ant (want) to go swimming.

2. Did you get a promotion this year?

No, but I (get) a better assignment.

3. Is the Pattersons’ anniversary tomorrow?

Yes, and I ___________________________ (promise) to finish

decorating in time for the party.

4. Does Marilyn always arrive late?

Yes, but she (stay) late.

BOOK 22 LESSON 3 HOMEWORK HW-21

EXERCISE M Write a summary of the information below.

Effects of Venomous Spider Bites

Direct
• effects occur immediately
• characterized by pain and redness in area of bite
Systemic
• effects occur 24 to 36 hours after bite
• characterized by fever, headache, nausea, and
weakness

In both cases, m edical a tten tion is necessary!

SUMMARY:

HW-22 AMERICAN LANGUAGE COURSE

HOMEWORK FOR BOOK 22 LESSON 4
EXERCISE A Use the images and words in the box to answer the questions.

The letters A, B, and C label the same things on both firearms.

1.
bullet 2.
firing pin 3.
ammunition 4.
casing points to.
magazine 5.
shell 6.
bolt 7.
chamber diagrams?
a n d _____

BOOK 22 LESSON 4 HOMEWORK HW-23

EXERCISE B Choose the same meaning as the underlined word.

1. Capt Chase is troubleshooting our 4. The sale prices interested

software problems. Maj Quint because they were low.
a. She is using a firearm. a. The prices didn’t attract him.
b. She is fixing a computer. b. The prices drew his attention.
c. She is concluding a meeting. c. The prices were familiar.

2. The bomb exploded, but no one was 5. How many rounds of ammunition
injured. do you have?
a. It came apart rapidly. a. I have 3 cartridges.
b. It circulated. b. I have two bolts.
c. It was of no use. c. I have four barrels.

3. Robert fired his gun but missed 6. MSgt Bates has a tendency to be
the bird he was aiming at. late for class.
a. He detected his firearm. a. He is often late.
b. He combined his firearms. b. He is almost never late.
c. He discharged his firearm. c. He is always on time.

EXERCISE C Complete each sentence using a modal from the box.

can was going to was unable to

had better were going to

1. I wanted to go to Italy last year, but I

It’s really cold outside. You____________________________ bring a jacket, or

you might catch a cold.

3. If you’re having problems w ith any of your classes, you

ask one of your teachers for help.

4. My brother and I ____________________________ grill some meat, but our grill

wasn’t working properly.

5. How was the party? I ____________________________ go, but I fell asleep

very early.

HW-24 AMERICAN LANGUAGE COURSE

 EXERCISE D Read the text. Mark the statements T for true or F for false.

Lo u ’s W eekly Report: S afety in th e W orkshop

For the past two weeks, I have a 20% increase in hand injuries this
w ritten about safety in the home year. Another point to remember is
workshop. Let’s continue today. to always check the cords on your
I have worked as a carpenter for electrical equipment. Many people
twenty years and safety has always have been injured by short circuits
been my main concern. Here are and faulty wires. Finally, be careful
some workshop safety rules. when using strong glue. A local doc­
First, always wear goggles. They tor told me th a t he has seen carpen­
have been in use in the US for about ters with their hands glued to paper,
100 years and are essential to pro­ wood, plastic, and a variety of other
tect your eyes. Next, when driving materials.
nails w ith a hammer, watch your Remember:
hands. Local doctors have reported Safety first. Safety always!

Lou said th a t...

______ _1. he had w ritten about safe workshop practices for three weeks.
______ _2. he had worked for thirty years as a mechanic.
______ _3. safety had always been his prim ary concern.
______ _4. goggles had been worn in the US for about 100 years.
______ _5. doctors had said the number of hand injuries had increased.
______ _6. people had been injured by carpenters.
______ _7. people had glued their hands to different items.

Match the words that have the same meaning.

1. adequate a. to supply weapons

2. to detect b. enough
3. to discharge c. fine dust
4. to arm d. to fire
5. powder e. due to
6. on account of f. to discover

BOOK 22 LESSON 4 HOMEWORK HW-25

 EXERCISE F Use reported speech to complete the sentences.

1. Mark: Have you ever been to Gibraltar?

Lorie: No, I have never been there.
Kris: What did Lorie ju st tell you about Gibraltar?
Ed: Lorie told me (th a t)________ she had never been to Gibraltar

2. Lt Prado Has Lt Kim had adequate firearms training?

Lt Mand No, he hasn’t. He needs to be trained on three more guns.
Lt River What did L t Prado ask about Lt Kim ?
Lt Mand She asked i f _______________________________________

3. Stan: Have you eaten yet?

Seth: No, I’m not very hungry.
Don: What did Stan ask Sethi
Fred: He asked i f ____________

EXERCISE G Complete each sentence.

Use the correct tense o f the GET passive and the verb in parentheses.

1. When will Cadet W illiam s____ get commissioned_____as a second lieutenant?

(commission)

2. Rosa Santos as the 6th grade class president.

(pick)

3. When will the residents from the flood?

(evacuate)

4. Why did Jack’s brother from jail so soon?

(release)

5. When did Susie from th a t job she’d had for so long?

(fire)

HW-26 AMERICAN LANGUAGE COURSE

EXERCISE H Complete each sentence with your own ideas.

1. Thp tpiarW ran speak seven languages

2. I was going t o ___________

3. Were the students going to

4. My father was unable t o __

5. Hadn’t you b e tte r________

6. If you’re hungry, you can

7. Why was our commander going to

Match the questions and answers.

QUESTIONS

___1. Has your son heard from any of the colleges he applied to?
___2. Why haven’t we seen Lt Domingos lately?
___3. How many people were h u rt in the car accident?
___4. Is Glenn going overseas?
___5. Where are the teacher and the other students?
___6. Did Maj Young meet Col Deck at the reception?

ANSWERS b. He got selected

for a special detail and
is working long
a. Yes, they got hours.
introduced by Col
Deck’s wife.

f. Three people e. Yes, his

got injured, but none unit got called
seriously. up.

BOOK 22 LESSON 4 HOMEWORK HW-27

EXERCISE J Write a paragraph (100 words) describing a person you know.

EXERCISE K Use the chart below to edit your paragraph.

Check off each box as you look for each kind of mistake.

1. Punctuation (periods, commas, apostrophes, question marks)

□
2. Subject/verb agreement
□
3. Verb tenses
□
4. Spelling and capital letters
□
5. Singular and plural nouns
n
HW-28 AMERICAN LANGUAGE COURSE
 EXERCISE L Read the text, and choose the best answer to each question.

N ew D irection in L aw Enforcem ent: N on-deadly Force

Law enforcement officers often find his eyes and falling to the ground, giv­
themselves in situations which require ing law enforcement officials time to act.
the use of force. These kinds of situ­ Pepper spray is especially useful when
ations can easily tu rn into a m atter dealing with violent or confrontational
of life or death. As a result, many law people.
enforcement departm ents across the Electroshock weapons are guns
United States are using w hat is called which deliver a strong electrical cur­
non-deadly force to solve these situa­ rent instead of bullets. These guns fire
tions. Non-deadly force can be defined a dart which remains connected to the
as the use of force without killing or gun through a conductive wire. The dart
seriously injuring the people involved. delivers an electric shock which causes
Two advancements in technology have the victim to lose control of his muscles.
made it easier for law enforcement People who are shot by these weapons
officials to take control of situations by may be unable to move for up to 15
using non-deadly force: pepper spray minutes.
and electroshock.
These two technological advance­
Pepper spray is a kind of gas th at ments are not only being used by law
police departm ents began to develop in enforcement officials. Recently, the US
the early 1990s. It causes a burning sen­ m ilitary has also taken an interest in
sation to the eyes, which lasts a short such forms of non-deadly force because
period of time. A person who is sprayed they offer a w a y to conduct security mis­
with pepper spray will react by covering sions w ith a minimum amount of force.

1. W hat is non-deadly force? 4. How do electroshock weapons

a. an advancement in technology work?
b. using weapons without killing a. They deliver an electric current.
c. a life or death situation b. They cause a burning sensation.
c. They fire bullets.
2. Who developed pepper spray?
a. criminals 5. Why is the military interested in
b. the military non-deadly weapons?
c. police departments a. They’re used by law enforce­
ment.
3. According to the text, w hat will a b. The weapons can be researched.
person who is sprayed with pepper c. They can be used on security
spray do? missions.
a. cover his eyes
b. get off the ground
c. run away

BOOK 22 LESSON 4 HOMEWORK HW-29

 EXERCISE M Read the text and write the word that each pronoun refers to.

There are five simple things you can do to make your home more environ­
m entally friendly, or ‘green.’ First, you can buy and use fluorescent light bulbs
because they use up less energy. Another thing th a t you can do is to program
the therm ostat of your home; it should be set at 78 degrees in the summer
and 62 in the winter. The third way to make your home more green is to block
all leaks—window, door, and attic ones especially. Another way
to make your home green is to plant a tree in your backyard
to create a shady area; it will keep the house cooler if the sun
is not beating down directly on the roof. Lastly, when buying
appliances for the home, you should consider ones with an
‘energy star’ label which indicates they use energy efficiently. energystar.gov

1. In the third line, the pronoun they refers to

2. The pronoun it in the fourth line refers to _

3. In the sixth line, ones refers t o __________

4. In line 8, it refers t o ___________________

EXERCISE N Put the words in the correct column in the chart.

Match the words and prefixes to make adjectives, as in the example.

il- 1 im- in ­ ir- non­

indefinite

active capable regular complete personal

deftmte responsible technical effective essential
regular legal patient polite possible

AMERICAN LANGUAGE COURSE

EVALUATION EXERCISES FOR BOOK 22 LESSON 1
Listen. Then select the best answer.

1. Yes, it’s ______

a. getting closer
b. stopping for gas
c. going away from us
d. waiting at the stop light

2. No, it doesn’t _____ me.

a. entertain
b. affect
c. prepare
d. confuse

3. T h e _____ ones are in the north.

a. smallest
b. ancient
c. most dangerous
d. most im portant

4. Yes, it w a s______
a. scary
b. good
c. boring
d. effective

5. Som e_____ when they’re nervous.

a. give a hand
b. steal stuff
c. pass out
d. are called on

6. Yes, I respond______
a. immediately
b. when I have time
c. politely
d. after I take breaks

BOOK 22 LESSON 1 EVALUATION EXERCISES lE W i

EXERCISE B Select the best answer.

1. The passengers were afraid the airplane was going t o ______

a. faint
b. crash
c. choke

2. He is stealing clothes from the store. He is taking them w ith o u t_____

a. trying them on
b. paying for them
c. saying “thank you”

3. The driver was lucky. He only suffered_____ injuries.

a. minor
b. major
c. conscious

4. Flight 123 i s _____ the Los Angeles airport now.

a. nominating
b. concerning
c. approaching

5. Go to the hospital if it is difficult for you t o ______

a. breathe
b. crash
c. nominate

6. You look_____ well.

a. as though not feel
b. as if you don’t feel
c. though you don’t feel

7. He was bitten by a _____ snake. We need to take him to the hospital.

a. hungry
b. dirty
c. poisonous

8. I’m standing right next to you, so you don’t have t o ______

a. laugh
b. shout
c. sing

AMERICAN LANGUAGE COURSE

 9. My dad ju st had a heart attack and t h e _____ will be here soon.
a. truck
b. ambulance
c. subway

10. That guy is an excellent______

a. salesman
b. waitress
c. actress

11. I helped a man at the restaurant. He w a s_____ on a fish bone he’d

accidentally swallowed.
a. drinking
b. eating
c. choking

12. Don’t hesitate t o _____ me if you need any help.

a. call on
b. check up on
c. pass out

13. During a hot summer, people who work outdoors for long hours can .
from the heat.
a. fill up
b. check in
c. pass out

14. The patient’s condition i s ______

a. slight
b. critical
c. poisonous

15. It’s an emergency! You m ust report to your barrack s_____ !

a. next year
b. at once
c. as though

16. I don’t lik e ______I am scared they will bite me.

a. insects
b. cakes
c. books

BOOK 22 LESSON 1 EVALUATION EXERCISES EE-3

EXERCISE C Match the questions with the answers.

1. Is it time to leave yet?

2. Are you going to the theater this weekend?
3. Do you exercise every day?
4. Did the students study for the test?
5. Is Mary happy here in Texas?

a. Yes, I have tickets.

b. I’m sure they did. They are very interested in learning.
c. I try to as much as I can.
d. No, she’s thinking about moving.
e. Yes, it’s almost five o’clock.

Choose the best answer.

1. Joe sounds nervous. 5. You look well.

a. though he’s as a. though you don’t feel
b. as though b. as though not feel
c. as though he’s c. as if you don’t feel

2. Those dark clouds make it look 6. Are you listening to m e?........ you
to rain all day! don’t understand me.
a. though as going a. It’s as though
b. if as it’s going b. It seems if
c. as if it’s going c. It seems if as

3. Those flow ers look th e y ’re 7. The soldier looked tired. His
plastic. eyes were red and half-closed.
a. though as a. though was he
b. as if b. as if he was
c. if as c. if as he was

4. I . I might be getting a cold. 8. T he soup T forgot to p u t in

a. feel as if some ingredients.
b. as if feel a. tastes as though
c. as feel if b. as tastes though
c. as though tastes

AMERICAN LANGUAGE COURSE

 EXERCISE E Match each request with the proper assistance.

REQUEST

1. Could you lend me a dollar for a soda?

_ 2. I was sick yesterday. W hat did I miss in m ath class?
_ 3. Please close the window. It’s very cold.
_ 4. Could you w ater the plants while I’m gone?
_ 5. I’m lost. Could you please tell me where the post office is located?
_ 6. Would you like to go to the movies on Saturday?

ASSISTANCE

a. Yes, th a t would be c. Certainly. It’s across

great. I haven’t been to from the Operations
the theater in a while. Building.

f. Not much. We
d. No, I don’t have e. Okay, I am studied multiplication j
any change. feeling a little and division.
cold, too.

EXERCISE F Circle the word that best completes the sentence.

1. Charlie never follows / is following anyone’s advice.

2. She travels / is traveling to Rome every fall to visit her sister.

3. Our favorite band plays / is playing at the concert hall right now.

4. Every Monday I work out / am working out at the gym.

5. Soldiers exercise / are exercising every morning to keep fit.

6. Mary can’t talk on the phone right now. She prepares / is preparing for
tomorrow’s exam.

7. I’m meeting w ith the recruiter and he urges / is urging me to join the
Air Force.

BOOK 22 LESSON 1 EVALUATION EXERCISES

 EXERCISE G Select one w o rd fr o m each gray box to write on the line.

Yesterday afternoon I heard a loud ©. ______________ outside my apartm ent

building. I ran outside and saw th a t a car had © _________________into a tree.
I © _________________ the vehicle and saw th at the driver was still
© _________________, and it looked as if he had only © _________________ injuries.
I asked him if he was okay. When he looked at me, his face turned white and he
© _________________ I O __________________ to my neighbors for help and told
one of them to call an ambulance. It arrived © _________________six minutes and
took the m an to the hospital. I hope he was okay.

guy crashed nominated slight

crash passed out swallowed conscious

object concerned approached major

©
poisonous fainted breathed next to

minor called on choked within

particular stole shouted on

EE-6 AMERICAN LANGUAGE COURSE

EVALUATION EXERCISES FOR BOOK 22 LESSON 2
EXERCISE A Listen. Then select the best answer.

1. No. They don’t have a ______

a. note
b. voice
c. suspect
d. entrance

2. Yes. It’s v e ry ______

a. simple
b. complex
c. reckless
d. careful

3. He’s lost h i s ______

a. snake
b. lens
c. keys
d. patience

4. Sure. I’ll give her y o u r______

a. message
b. record
c. present
d. homework

5. No. I’ve n ev er______

a. liked th a t restaurant
b. seen him before
c. bought a car
d. judged a man

6. No, I don’t _____ the person who wrote it.

a. write to
b. like
c. know
d. talk to

BOOK 22 LESSON 2 EVALUATION EXERCISES EE-7

EXERCISE B Select the best answer.

1. My opinion_____ a lot from yours.

a. elects
b. designates
c. differs

2. Lisa’s beautiful hair is her most noticeable______

a. lens
b. patience
c. feature

3. How m an y _____ US presidents are still living?

a. reckless
b. former
c. simple

4. Beth w a s_____ of her school’s m ath club.

a. elected be president
b. elected as president
c. who elected the president

5. Who do y o u _____ for a promotion?

a. be considered the best candidate
b. consider to be the best candidate
c. the best candidate is considered

6. The criminal who stole my money belongs i n ______

a. arrest
b. jail
c. suspect

7. Glen gets a lot done,_____ he never seems to work hard.

a. which
b. yet
c. because

8. Where’s t h e _____ to this building?

a. difference
b. patience
c. entrance

AMERICAN LANGUAGE COURSE

 9. The m a n _____ is the doctor.
a. who the white coat is wearing
b. wearing the white coat
c. is wearing his white coat

10. W hat’s t h e _____ between British English and American English?

a. feature
b. difference
c. impatience

11. The problem was not complex. It w a s______

a. complicated
b. former
c. simple

12. Parents m ust be calm a n d _____ w ith their children.

a. patient
b. reckless
c. plain

13. Do you prefer to wear glasses or contact_____ ?

a. differences
b. suspects
c. lenses

14. Stan missed three weeks of class, so it will probably take him a long time
t o _____ his classmates.
a. run across
b. catch up with
c. pass out

15. Albert was forced to retire from his w ork_____ his poor health.
a. due to
b. instead of
c. similar to

16. We can feel safe now. The police have caught t h e ______
a. voice
b. suspect
c. jail

BOOK 22 LESSON 2 EVALUATION EXERCISES EE-9

 EXERCISE C Fill in the blanks using the words in the gray box.

pipit

exit
1. complex
reckless
2. entrance
difference
3. former
latter
4. huge
release
5. unfamiliar
simple

familiar 6. arrest

small 7. __ likeness

8. __ careful

EXERCISE D Cross out words to reduce the adjective clauses to phrases.

Be sure to change the HAVE verbs to with.

1. Students who have questions can stay after class.

2. The party th a t is being planned for the students will be great.

3. Did you receive the note th a t was left on your desk?

4. Books th a t have a special label on them belong to the library.

5. Is th a t your car which is for sale?

6. Test papers th a t have no name on them will be marked with a score of zero.

EE-10 AMERICAN LANGUAGE COURSE

 EXERCISE E Match the word with its definition.

1. to spot a. to appoint a person

2. suspect b. sound of a person speaking or singing

3. incident c. to make something known officially

4. voice d. to locate

5. to designate someone e. a dangerous or exciting activity

6. to declare f. someone who may be guilty

EXERCISE F Fill in the blanks with the reduced phrase.

1. The movie th a t is being shown today was made 30 years ago.

The m ovie__________________________________ today was made 30 years ago.

2. Does the jacket th a t’s on the chair belong to you?

Does the ja c k e t___________________________________________ belong to you?

3. Is the woman who has the camera a professional photographer?

Is the w om an________________________________a professional photographer?

4. The pictures th at are on the desk belong to SSgt Wilson.

The pictures______________________________________ belong to SSgt Wilson.

5. Flowers which are planted every year are called annuals.

Flow ers_____________________________________________ are called annuals.

BOOK 22 LESSON 2 EVALUATION EXERCISES EE-11

EXERCISE G Select the best answer.

1. Be careful not to step on t h e _____ rug.

a. beautiful new Turkish
b. Turkish new beautiful
c. new beautiful Turkish

2. clouds are moving slowly towards downtown.

a. Gray heavy rain
b. Rain heavy gray
c. Heavy gray rain

3. Jane’s _____ ran away and now she’s sad.

a. black cat old
b. old cat black
c. old black cat

4. Where are m y _____ shoes?

a. comfortable blue Italian
b. Italian blue comfortable
c. blue Italian comfortable

5. They appointed him a s _____ of the squadron.

a. the senior sergeant
b. to be the senior sergeant
c. be senior sergeant

6. The workers w ant Mike a s ______

a. a new holiday
b. their new chief
c. the new voice

7. I lost m y _____ earrings. Can you help me find them?

a. gold new expensive
b. expensive new gold
c. new expensive gold

8. There a r e _____ dogs on the other side of th a t fence.

a. two black guard
b. guard black two
c. two guard black

EE-12 AMERICAN LANGUAGE COURSE

EVALUATION EXERCISES FOR BOOK 22 LESSON 3
EXERCISE A Listen. Then select the best answer.

1. He u se d ______
a. goggles
b. boards
c. powder
d. pliers

2. S h e _____ it.
a. swallowed
b. gripped
c. identified
d. dropped

3. They becam e______

a. poisonous
b. stationary
c. rusty
d. huge

4. You u s e ______
a. sandpaper
b. scissors
c. poison
d. hammers

5. It’s to o ______
a. plain
b. dull
c. complex
d. coarse

6. It’s used t o _____ holes.

a. bore
b. dig
c. drill
d. join

BOOK 22 LESSON 3 EVALUATION EXERCISES EE-13

EXERCISE B Circle the correct answer.

1. People driving on the base m ust to the speed limit.

a. adhere
b. grip
c. run across

2. Eric: Is this sandpaper fine or coarse?

Ellen: It’s covered w ith very small pieces, so it’s
a. fine
b. coarse
c. plain

3. This computer training w ill__ us to do a better job.

a. identify
b. nominate
c. enable

4. The sand is too hot to walk on with your feet.

a. bare
b. blunt
c. insulated

5. The blade of this is too dull to cut anything.

a. bolt
b. saw
c. drill

6. Their is to build their own home someday.

a. aim
b. tip
c. guy

7. John used to fasten two boards together.

a. nails
b. lenses
c. drills

8. Did you forget

a. going on a picnic th a t we’re
b. we’re th a t going on a picnic
c. th a t we’re going on a picnic

EE-14 AMERICAN LANGUAGE COURSE

9. To tighten a screw, turn it in a _____ direction.
a. counterclockwise
b. clockwise
c. back and forth

10. Lisa doesn’t have a class tonight, but s h e _____ have one tomorrow.
a. did
b. didn’t
c. does

11. The little boy r a n _____ between his mother and grandmother.
a. in general
b. to make sure
c. back and forth

12. The n a tu ra l_____ of flowers always makes me smile.

a. device
b. board
c. beauty

13. Join t h e _____ together so we can build a bookcase.

a. boards
b. drills
c. chairs

14. Jack has designed a n ew _____ to bore holes. It’s called “NuDrill.”
a. motion
b. device
c. suspect

15. T h e _____ to this room is too narrow. Let’s get a carpenter to widen it.
a. entry
b. bolt
c. crash

16. This object i s ______It isn’t moving.

a. difference
b. poisonous
c. stationary

BOOK 22 LESSON 3 EVALUATION EXERCISES EE-15

EXERCISE C Write do, does, or did in each blank to add emphasis.

1. I don’t play piano, but I _____do play violin.

2. You___________ fill the tank, didn’t you?

3. I usually don’t like soup, but I ___________ like the kind you make.

4. H e ___________ seem rude, didn’t he?

5. MSgt Logan doesn’t speak Thai, but she___________ speak Spanish.

6. H ouses___________ cost a lot, don’t they?

EXERCISE D Match the questions and answers._______________

1. Does Karl believe th a t his wife is a good cook?

2. Did Linda know th a t there was a test today?
3. Do the numbers show an increase in crime this year?
4. W hat do the airmen think about the new PT rules?
5. Do health officials think people will continue to get fatter?
6. Do you doubt th a t it will snow tonight?
7. W hat do the test results indicate?

a. They think th a t the new rules are too tough.

b. No, I’m sure th a t it will be cold and snowy tonight.
c. No, in fact, they suggest th a t crime has gone down.
d. They show th a t our students are doing very well in class.
e. Yes, she studied for three hours last night.
f. Yes, he loves her meals.
g. No, they think th a t hum ans will get taller and thinner in
the future.

EE-16 AMERICAN LANGUAGE COURSE

 Complete each sentence using the underlined word.

Add -ful or -less to the underlined words.

1. Our home has been destroyed. 4. We have plenty of food and drinks.
Now we’re homeless T hey are

2. I rested a lot during my vacation. 5. The crime didn’t make any sense.
Tt w as Tt was

3. The actor wasn’t wearing a shirt. 6. Handle this antique table with care.
H e w as Re

Choose the best answer.

1. W hat is a bolt used for? 5. W hat are pliers used for?

Tt things. They help you things.
a. fastens a. grip
b. protects b. join
c. sticks c. adhere

2. W hat is a drill used for? 6. W hat are goggles used for?

Tt holes. They the eyes.
a. digs a. protect
b. bores b. fasten
c. sticks c. adhere

3. W hat is glue used for? 7. W hat are nails used for?

Tt makes things They things.
a. blunt a. adhere
b. beautiful b. hammer
c. adhere c. fasten

4. W hat is a ham m er used for? 8. W hat are scissors used for?

It They things.
a. fastens metal a. grip
b. twists wire b. cut
c. drives nails c. bore

BOOK 22 LESSON 3 EVALUATION EXERCISES EE-17

 EXERCISE G Read the text and write the correct answer.

Every year, during the first weekend in November, there is a famous event
th a t happens in the city of New York. People gather from all over the world and
ru n for 26.2 miles around New York City and its famous park—Central Park.
The m arathon started forty years ago and it continues to gain popularity.
Professional athletes, average runners, and even people in wheelchairs
participate. The race is not ju st a competition. It is a way for people worldwide to
unite in a common cause—community spirit. It also motivates people to get fit
while preparing for the m arathon, therefore inspiring lots of other people to
become healthy.

1. In the third line, the pronoun its refers to

2. In the fourth line, the pronoun it refers to

3. In line 6, the pronoun it refers t o _______

EXERCISE H Select the best summary of the outline.

MATERIALS TO BUILD A BOOKCASE

You can build a simple bookcase
with just 3 things:

• ham m er—drive nails to fasten

b o ard s(2"x 10"s)

• nails—3/8" are best for 2" x 10"s

• glue—for wood (not metal), non-toxic

S um m ary:
a. The best choice of nails for joining boards together is the 3/8 inch nail.

b. A hamm er and a box of nails are two items you’ll need to make a bookcase.

c. With a hammer, glue, and some nails, you can build a simple bookcase.

EE-18 AMERICAN LANGUAGE COURSE

EVALUATION EXERCISES FOR BOOK 22 LESSON 4
EXERCISE A Listen. Then select the best a n s w e r.

1. Yes, she gave them

a. weapons
b. a briefing
c. instructions
d. a strategy

2. No, they aren’t ___

a. necessary
b. sufficient
c. electric
d. technical

3. Yes, he’s a ______

a. carpenter
b. suspect
c. citizen
d. troubleshooter

4. No, she didn’t _____ it.

a. choose
b. lose
c. find
d. say

5. No, he didn’t ______

a. shoot
b. clean
c. sell
d. borrow

6. Yes, h e _____ it.

a. forgot
b. checked
c. avoided
d. made

BOOK 22 LESSON 4 EVALUATION EXERCISES EE-19

EXERCISE B Circle the correct answer.

1. Have y o u _____ all the items on your list?

a. checked off
b. equipped
c. dug

2. Although the cases were heavy, Ed lifted them w ith ______

a. powder
b. ease
c. tendency

3. It’s _____ th a t soldiers have firearms training.

a. particular
b. stationary
c. essential

4. The p la n e _____ because of an engine malfunction.

a. exploded
b. equipped
c. interested

5. A _____ contains the bullet and gunpowder.

a. chamber
b. cartridge
c. sight

6. L a rry _____ his future when he quit his job.

a. risked
b. armed
c. tended

7. There are two fences around the jail: a n _____ one and an outer one.
a. inner
b. essential
c. adequate

8. I like history. I t _____ me.

a. discharges
b. troubleshoots
c. interests

EE-20 AMERICAN LANGUAGE COURSE

9. Vicky shot her weapon until she ran out o f______
a. sandpaper
b. ammunition
c. firing pins

10. The mechanic checked everything in the car. He was v e ry ______

a. neutral
b. reckless
c. thorough

11. MSgt Bates is being sent to another base t o _____ computer problems.
a. discharge
b. check off
c. troubleshoot

12. The fine sand on the beach was so soft th a t it felt lik e ______
a. patience
b. poison
c. powder

13. Many teachers were late for class to d ay _____ the bad weather.
a. on account of
b. back and forth
c. to make sure of

14. T h e _____ of this knife is very sharp.

a. shell
b. point
c. round

15. An M16 is a ______

a. firearm
b. chamber
c. cartridge

16. M ary_____ to eat too much when she’s unhappy. It’s a bad habit.
a. equips
b. fires
c. tends

BOOK 22 LESSON 4 EVALUATION EXERCISES EE-21

EXERCISE C Match the gun part to its function.

1. barrel a. helps you see a target

2. bolt b. contains a bullet and gunpowder
3. trigger c. discharges the firearm
4. firing pin d. holds the ammunition
5. magazine e. the bullet exits through it
6. shell f. strikes the cartridge
7. sight g- loads rounds into the chamber

EXERCISE D Choose the correct modals from the box to go in each blank.

can were going to

was going to were unable to
had better was unable to

1. E loise__________________________speak French, but she can’t speak German.

2. Opal and P a u l____________________________ get married, but she called it off.

3. N ancy______________________ go to the movies tonight, but she was too tired.

4. Sally and Terry wanted to learn Arabic, but th e y ___________________________

find a class.

5. The stu d e n ts_________________________ come to class on time, or they will be

in trouble.

6. Rob tried to run the 20-kilometer race, but h e _____________________________

to finish.

EE-22 AMERICAN LANGUAGE COURSE

 EXERCISE E Match the words to the prefixes to form opposites.

1. il- a. patient
2. im- b. commissioned
3. in- c. responsible
4. ir- d. legal
5. non- e. dependent

EXERCISE F Choose the correct word to fill in each blank.

1. It’s ______________________ for dogs to fly.

possible / impossible

2. Damaging public property i s _____________

legal / illegal
3. The date for the party i s _______________________ It will be December 2nd.
definite / indefinite
4. My exercise schedule is never the same. It’s q u ite _______________________
regular / irregular

5. SSgt Murphy is a ________________________________ officer.

commissioned / noncommissioned

EXERCISE G Match the words with opposite meanings.

1. adequate a. unim portant

2. arm b. difficulty
3. detect c. incomplete
4. ease d. be unable to locate
5. essential e. lower
6. outer f. disarm
7. upper g- inner
8. thorough h. insufficient

BOOK 22 LESSON 4 EVALUATION EXERCISES EE-23

EXERCISE H Circle the correct answer.

1. I hope the US soccer team doesn’t _____ in the World Cup.

a. got beaten
b. can get beaten
c. get beaten

2. How often does the new spaper_____ ?

a. getting delivered
b. get delivered
c. got delivered

3. The m a il_____ twice yesterday.

a. got picked up
b. gets picked up
c. get picked up

4. C arrie_____ by a car when she was riding her bike.

a. got hit
b. gets hit
c. gotten hit

5. Jane: Have you sent the letters, Jay?

Jane asked J a y _____ sent the letters.
a. if he has
b. th a t he has
c. whether he had

6. Ken: Bob, I talked to the Navy recruiter yesterday.

K e n _____ talked to the Navy recruiter yesterday.
a. said Bob had
b. told Bob he had
c. if he said Bob

7. SSgt Smith: Did the soldiers get their equipment?

SSgt Smith asked i f ______
a. the soldiers get their equipment
b. the soldiers had gotten their equipment
c. the soldiers getting equipment

AMERICAN LANGUAGE COURSE

GSG U .S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING O FFIC E:2013 - 756-013/40014

 Am erican Language Course

The American Language Course is a comprehensive, multilevel program

for adults that teaches English for vocational and professional purposes.
The ALC is designed primarily for intensive English language training in
a classroom setting, but it can be adapted for slower-paced instruction. A
significant feature of the ALC is the inclusion of basic military topics and
vocabulary.
Using traditional methods of language teaching as well as contemporary
communicative approaches, the ALC’s presentation is systematic and
carefully sequenced to ensure that learners can build on previously acquired
knowledge. Photographs, illustrations, charts, and tables explain vocabulary
and grammar, while dialogs and student-centered activities introduce and
reinforce language functions and skills. Each book is supplemented by an
instructional package that includes the following:
• Instructor text
• Student text
• Language laboratory activities text with audio scripts and answer keys
• Audio recordings
• Computer based training (CBT)
• Quiz kit
• Optional training aids
The ALC’s second edition features a completely revised student text with
an accompanying instructor text. Instructor notes offer detailed guidelines
for presenting classroom exercises, supplemental activities, and pertinent
cultural information. A variety of teaching strategies are provided to keep
students motivated and enliven the classroom.