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Midterm Problem Set #1 Answers

The document discusses various mathematical and logical concepts including classifying statements as mathematics or English, translating between symbolic and sentence representations, and evaluating the truth of compound logical statements using truth tables. It explores how logical connectives are used in both mathematics and everyday language and examines the relationship between propositional logic and mathematical reasoning. Various exercises are provided to help classify, translate, and evaluate different logical statements involving concepts like predicates, connectives, and truth values.

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John Arvin Escote
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1K views

Midterm Problem Set #1 Answers

The document discusses various mathematical and logical concepts including classifying statements as mathematics or English, translating between symbolic and sentence representations, and evaluating the truth of compound logical statements using truth tables. It explores how logical connectives are used in both mathematics and everyday language and examines the relationship between propositional logic and mathematical reasoning. Various exercises are provided to help classify, translate, and evaluate different logical statements involving concepts like predicates, connectives, and truth values.

Uploaded by

John Arvin Escote
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Joshua V.

Escote MATH 100


BS-Crim

Activity No. 1- Where Do I Belong?


Instruction: Classify each card according to the following categories as indicated on the
table. Write your answers on the table.

MATHEMATICS ENGLISH
10
4+2 Surigao City
Name given to an Object 1 Michael
X+
2

9-11=-2 Mr. Michael is a teacher.


With complete thought
1+5=6 NEMCO is in Surigao City.

= is
Verb
+ are

and
Connectives ^
or

Follow-up Questions:
1. How did you answer the above activity? What is/are the basis(es) of your answers?
- I answered the above activity through my research and knowledge about those
mathematical connectives and languages. The bases for my answers came from the
mathematical language similar to the English grammar.
2. How will you differentiate those terms/statements under English and Mathematics
along with its categories?

- I differentiate those terms/statements under English and Mathematics along with its
categories through observing the mathematical symbols and grammatical words that
are included in the choices. Then, I will classify it with the help of the guidelines in the
left row.
Activity No. 2- Let’s Try!
Instruction: Answer the tests by following each of the given instruction.
A. Translate each statement into symbolic notation. Let P represent “I like Pepsi” and let
C represent “I like Coke”.

1. I like Pepsi or I like Coke. P ∨ C


2. I like Pepsi and I like Coke. P ∧ C
3. I do not like Pepsi. ~ P
4. It is not the case that I like Pepsi or Coke. ~ (P ∨ C)
5. I like Pepsi and I do not like Coke. P ∧ (~C)

B. Translate each symbolic notation into a sentence. Let p represents “Today is


Monday” and q represents “The weather is good.”
1.
~p
_Today is not Monday_
2.
p∧q
_Today is Monday and the weather is good_
3.
(~ p) ∧ q
_Today is not Monday and the weather is good_
4.
p v (~ q)
_Today is Monday or the weather is not good_
5.
~ (p ∧ q)
_It is false that today is Monday and the weather is good_

C. Answer the following questions:


1. From your answers on Test A, what are your observations? How did it help you?
- From my answers on Test A, I observed that the logic statements are easy to translate
if you know the logical connectives. Because of this topic, I can easily translate the
statements into symbolic notations.
2. From your answers on Test B, what are your observations? How did it help you?
- From the answers on Test B, I observed that the statements are complicated.
However, because of the topic stated earlier, I still easily translate the notations to
create statements.

D. Write the following in symbolic form using P, Q, and R for statements and the
symbols ⌐, v, ^, where

P: Pres. Duterte is a good president.


Q: Government officials are corrupt.
R: People are happy.
Write your answer on the space provided.
1. If Pres. Duterte is a good president, then government officials are not corrupt.
P → ¿Q)
2. If government officials are not corrupt, then the people are happy. ¿Q)→R
3. If Pres. Duterte is a good president and people are happy, then government officials
are not
corrupt. P ∧ R → ¿Q)
4. Pres. Duterte is not a good president if and only if government officials are corrupt
and the people are not happy. ¿P) ↔ Q ∧ ¿R)
5. Pres. Duterte is not a good president or the people are not happy. ⌐P v ⌐R

E. Construct a truth table of [(p v q) ^ ~p] → [(p^q) v ~q].

p q p∨q ¬p p∧q

True True True False True


True False True False False
False True True False False
False False True False True

¬q (p ∨ q) ∧ ¬p (p ∧ q) ∨ ¬q ((p ∨ q) ∧ ¬p) → ((p ∧ q) ∨ ¬q)

False False True True


True False True True
False True False False
True False True True

F. Enumerate and discuss the 3 characteristics of a mathematical language.

The 3 characteristics of a mathematical language are:

• precise (able to make very fine distinctions);


• concise (able to say things briefly);
• powerful (able to express complex thoughts with relative ease).

G. Cite an example a real-life scenario that shows how mathematics is conventional.


- A mathematical convention is a fact, name, notation, or practice that
mathematicians typically agree on. For example, in the phrase $2 + (3 x (4$)),
the fact that multiplication comes before addition is purely convention: the order
of operations has no fundamental significance. Mathematicians follow
conventions so that other mathematicians can comprehend what they're writing
without having to continuously redefine simple terminology. Imagine if every
mathematics paper started with a PEMDAS explanation.

H. What is the importance of logical connectives in our daily language? Discuss your
answer.

- A logical operator is a symbol or word used to connect two or more expressions


such that the value of the compound expression produced depends only on that
of the original expressions and on the meaning of the operator. Common logical
operators include and, or, and not.

I. What do you think is the relationship between propositional logic and mathematical
reasoning?

- The mathematical logic principles define how to reason about mathematical


statements. Propositional logic is concerned with assertions that can be assigned
the truth values "true" and "false." The goal is to examine these claims
individually and collectively.

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