Science – Grade 9

Learner Activity Sheets

Quarter 4 – Week 5: Work, Power, and Energy

First Edition, 2021

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Development Team of the Learners’ Activity Sheets

Authors: Ivy G. Hontalba
Marie Lou S. Paler
Regional Level Validators:
Edna E. Trinidad, Ed.D
Christopher Christian S. Braza
Lanelyn C. Alonsagay
Jomel C. Montero
Analou T. Demetria
Amelita B. Ajoc

Division Level Validators:

Jean B. Ramirez
Elvira D. Falcon
Josie G. Gemida
Ivy G. Hontalba
Anni Grace C. Macalalag
Luna C. Munda
Glen B. Pacot
Marie Lou S. Paler
Delia C. Pioco
KC M. Reyna
Julie Ann P. Requirme
Stephen Laurence C. Rosales
Nanette L. Samson

Management Team:
Marilou B. Dedumo, PhD, CESO V, Schools Division Superintendent
Manuel O. Caberte, Asst. Schools Division Superintendent
Maria Dinah D. Abalos, PhD, CID Chief
Donald D. Orbillos, LR Manager
Jean B. Ramirez, Science Education Program Supervisor

Authors: Ivy G. Hontalba / Marie Lou S. Paler

School/Station: Libertad NHS / Agusan NHS
Division: Butuan City
Email Address: [email protected]/ [email protected]
 WEEKLY LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEETS
Science 9, Quarter 4, Week 5
WORK, POWER, AND ENERGY

Name: _______________________________________ Section: __________

Most Essential Learning Competency (MELC):

Perform activities to demonstrate the conservation of mechanical energy (S9ES-IIIf-31).

Learning Objectives:

The learners shall be able to:

1.describe different forms of energy and give examples of energy transformations
from potential to kinetic;
2.identify the energy forms present in the operation of simple toys;
3.identify the positions where kinetic energy or potential energy is at maximum or
minimum;
4. solve diagram and word problems in the conservation of mechanical energy;
and
5. infer that the kinetic energy of a bouncing ball is not conserved.

Time Allotment: 4 hours

Key Concepts

• Energy can do useful things. Everything exists or cease to exist because of its presence or
absence. It is stored in different forms and can transfer and/or transform. It can be
transferred without being transformed. It can also be transformed without being
transferred. It can also be transformed during transfers. In general, the energy acquired by
objects upon which work is done is known as mechanical energy.
• Mechanical energy falls under two categories:

Table 1. Different Forms of Mechanical Energy

A. Potential Energy - It is an energy in matter due to arrangement of its part,
composition, location and structure. It is commonly
considered as a stored energy having the potential to do
mechanical work. (change pics and examples
chemical/elastic)

Figure 1. Forms of Potential Energy

Source: Adapted from Science 9 Learner’s Module. Philippines:
Department of Education-Instructional Materials Council Secretariat, Copyright
2014.

Authors: Ivy G. Hontalba / Marie Lou S. Paler

School/Station: Libertad NHS / Agusan NHS
Division: Butuan City
Email Address: [email protected]/ [email protected]
 B. Kinetic Energy - It is an energy in moving matter and in waves.

Motion radiant sound thermal wave

Figure 2. Forms of Kinetic Energy
Source: Adapted from Science 9 Learner’s Module. Philippines:
Department of Education-Instructional Materials Council Secretariat, Copyright
2014.

Table 2. Mechanical Potential and Kinetic Energy Equations

A. Potential Energy Where:
𝑃𝐸𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑣 = 𝑚𝑔ℎ PEgrav = gravitational potential
energy
m = mass of object
g = acceleration due to gravity
1
𝑃𝐸𝑒𝑙𝑎𝑠 = 𝑘𝑥 2 h = height or elevation difference
2
Where:
PEelas = elastic potential energy
k = spring constant
x = compression or extension
length
B. Kinetic Energy 1
𝐾𝐸 = 𝑚v2 where
2
KE = kinetic energy
m = mass of object
v = velocity of object

• Energy Transformation: Energy is simply transformed from one form to another or

transferred from one system to another. It flows from a source (serving as input system)
into an output system during transfers and/or transformations.

Figure 3. Energy transformation in a lit electric lamp.

In the case of an electric bulb, the electrical energy is converted to light and heat.
Source: Adapted from DepEd -IMCS Science 9 Learner’s Module.
Philippines: Copyright 2014.

Authors: Ivy G. Hontalba / Marie Lou S. Paler

School/Station: Libertad NHS / Agusan NHS
Division: Butuan City
Email Address: [email protected]/ [email protected]
 Figure 4. In a plugged television, electrical energy is
converted into radiant, heat and sound energies.
Source: Adapted from DepEd -IMCS Science 9 Learner’s Module. Philippines: Copyright 2014.

Figure 5. During photosynthesis, the sun’s radiant energy is

converted into chemical energy.
Source: Adapted from DepEd -IMCS Science 9 Learner’s Module. Philippines: Copyright 2014.

• The Law of Conservation of Energy states that the energy can neither be created nor
destroyed; it is merely converted from one form to another. In terms of mechanical energy,
the sum of the potential and kinetic energies of an object remains constant.
ME1 = ME2 = MEn…
PE1 + KE1 = PE2 + KE2 = PEn + KEn…

• Objects have mechanical energy if they are in motion and/or if they are at some position
relative to a zero potential energy position (for example, a brick held at a vertical position
above the ground or zero height position).

• Joule (J) is the unit of work or energy in the International System of Units (SI); One
Joule equals the work done (or energy expended) by a force of one newton (N) acting over
a distance of one meter or kg.m2s2 and named in honor of the English physicist James
Prescott Joule.

• For a freely falling body released from rest:

-It has maximum PE and minimum KE before it was released.
-Its potential energy decreases while its kinetic energy increases as it falls to the ground.
-It has maximum kinetic energy and minimum potential energy just before it hits the
ground.

Authors: Ivy G. Hontalba / Marie Lou S. Paler

School/Station: Libertad NHS / Agusan NHS
Division: Butuan City
Email Address: [email protected]/ [email protected]
 Figure 6. Illustration of freely falling body from the drop point.
Source: https://images.app.goo.gl/JfHGiJhE2MLhBhcSA.

• The velocity at any point is given by:

vf = agt, since vi = 0, where t = time elapsed from release.

• For Bouncy Ball activity, you may use the Kinematics Equation :
vf2 = vi2 + 2gy or PEi + KEi = PEf + KEf
• Where vi = velocity of the ball just before it hits the ground
vf = Rebound velocity of the ball right after it hits the ground
KEi = Kinetic Energy of the ball just after it hits the ground
KEf = Kinetic Energy of the ball right after it hits the ground

• Remember that the general rule for vector quantities is that the downward displacement (or
direction) is negative, ag =-9.8 m/s2. The acceleration is negative when going down because
it is moving in the negative direction (down). Since kinetic energy is based on motion, it
is always a positive value. If it is not in motion, the kinetic energy of that object is
zero. Kinetic energy can never be a negative value. Kinetic energy can be quantified as one
half of the mass times the velocity squared (KE = 1/2 mv²).

Activity 1. Energy Transformation

Objective:
Describe different forms of energy and give examples of energy transformations
from potential to kinetic.

What you need:

Ballpen Worksheet

What to do:
1. Study the pictures below. The first one serves as an example.

Authors: Ivy G. Hontalba / Marie Lou S. Paler

School/Station: Libertad NHS / Agusan NHS
Division: Butuan City
Email Address: [email protected]/ [email protected]
 2.After reading and studying the first picture, fill in the blanks on the second to fourth
pictures with the energy present and its transformation. Write your answers in a separate sheet
of paper.

Guide Questions:

Q1. What energy transformation occur in each of the following picture:

Illustrations Energy Transformation

Example:

Potential to Kinetic Energy

Figure 7. Girls playing badminton

Source:https://images.app.goo.gl/
wVWW57GYgLmQ596L6

a.

__________ to _________ Energy

Figure 8. A boy playing sipa

Source:.https://images.app.goo.gl/
E432qJpBYXxAjAVs9

b.

__________ to _________ Energy

Figure 9. Electric Fan

Source: https://images.app.goo.gl/
kr5iHTbspc7gfZzA9

Authors: Ivy G. Hontalba / Marie Lou S. Paler

School/Station: Libertad NHS / Agusan NHS
Division: Butuan City
Email Address: [email protected]/ [email protected]
 c.

__________ to _________ Energy

Figure 10. Candlelight

Source: https://images.app.goo.gl/
sTEgDrmKh3HdRGxz7
d.

__________ to _________ Energy

Figure 11. Waterfalls

Source: https://images.app.goo.gl/
E8WZskkvtgMwKE129

Q2. Cite at least two (2) situations at home wherein potential energy is transformed to
kinetic energy.

Activity 2. The Friction Toy Car

Objectives:
1. Identify the energy forms present in the operation of a simple toy; and
2. Describe the energy transformations in the toy .
What you need:
Ballpen Worksheet
What to do:
1. Read and understand the given situation and answer the guide questions below. Write
your answers in a separate sheet of paper.

Figure 12. Friction Toy Car

Source: https://images.app.goo.gl/ycmK2DyY8punWpqy8

Authors: Ivy G. Hontalba / Marie Lou S. Paler

School/Station: Libertad NHS / Agusan NHS
Division: Butuan City
Email Address: [email protected]/ [email protected]
 A simple friction toy car is spring-driven. It has an axle that winds the spring when
the back wheels of the car are pushed backwards against a high friction surface. When we pull
back on the car, there is a mechanism (usually a long piece of metal) that winds up as we pull
back. As the car is pushed down and pulled backwards (action force), the forward frictional force
between the wheels and the running surface (reaction force) stored elastic potential energy in the
car, as a spring is tightly wound during this process. When the car was released, the spring
extends, and the elastic potential energy is converted into kinetic energy of the moving car. All
through these processes, friction is at work, and some of the potential and kinetic energies are
converted to heat and sound energy.

Guide Questions:
Q1. What does the friction toy car do?
_______________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________
Q2. What energy changes take place as this toy car operates?
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
Q3. What form does the stored energy start out with?
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
Q4. What form does the stored energy turn into?
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________

Q5. What form is the energy output when it stops?

_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________

Rubric for Scoring Q1-Q5

Points Description
3 Explanations are conceptually correct and complete.
2 Explanations are conceptually correct and incomplete.
1 Explanations are conceptually incorrect.

Activity 3. The Rolling Marble

Objective:
Identify the positions where kinetic energy or potential energy is at maximum or
minimum.
What you need:
Ballpen Worksheet
What to do:
Read the description below and study the diagram to answer the guide questions. Write
your answers in a separate sheet of paper.

Authors: Ivy G. Hontalba / Marie Lou S. Paler

School/Station: Libertad NHS / Agusan NHS
Division: Butuan City
Email Address: [email protected]/ [email protected]
 Figure 13. The Rolling Marble

Diagram Description:
The marble was used to illustrate the positions where kinetic energy or potential energy is
at maximum or minimum. Position A was marked as the starting point and then the positions of
the marble after certain times were marked as B-F.
The diagram showed how the marble undergoes changes in position at certain periods as
it travels down and up the curved path.

Guide Questions:
Q1. Imagine that there are no air resistance or friction acting on the marble at position A. If the
marble is allowed to fall off the edge then it accelerated down on the slope, which position
would have the most potential energy?
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
Q2. What happens to the amount of potential energy as the object falls from point B to
point D?
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
Q3. Which point will have the least potential energy?
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
Q4. What happens to the kinetic energy as the marble falls from point B to point D?
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
Q5. As the marble starts to move from point F to point B, what will happen to its kinetic
energy?
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________

Rubric for Scoring Q1-Q5

Points Description
3 Explanations are conceptually correct and complete.
2 Explanations are conceptually correct and incomplete.
1 Explanations are conceptually incorrect.

Authors: Ivy G. Hontalba / Marie Lou S. Paler

School/Station: Libertad NHS / Agusan NHS
Division: Butuan City
Email Address: [email protected]/ [email protected]
Activity 4. Find me!

Objective:
Solve diagram and word problems in the conservation of mechanical energy.
What you need:
Ballpen Worksheet
What to do:
Read the example below. Refer to the following computations in solving the problems.

Now that you have identified the point where potential energy and kinetic energy is at its
highest and lowest point, you are now ready to quantify or measure the potential and kinetic
energy from these points. Consider a 1-kg stone dropped on top of a hill and reached the ground
after 3s. From your concept on free fall, the height of the hill can be computed using the formula
h = ½ agt2 and vf = agt since vi = 0.
Let us determine what happens to the free-falling object’s kinetic energy and potential energy.
At t = 0 s, the object is 44.1 m from the ground.
Using the equations for Potential Energy, we have
PE = mgh = (1 kg)(9.8 m/s2 )(44.1 m)
= 432.18 J

The Kinetic Energy at t = 0 s is,

KE = ½ mv2
= ½ (1kg)(0)2 = 0
The Total Mechanical Energy (MET) of the
free-falling object

at t = 0s is,
MET = PE + KE
= 432.18 J + 0 J
= 432.18 J
At t = 1 s, the Potential Energy is,
PE = mgh
PE = (1 kg)(9.8 m/s2 )(44.1m – 4.9 m)
PE = (9.8kg m/s2 )(39.2 m)
PE = 384.16 J

The Kinetic Energy at t = 1 s is, Figure 14. A dropped stone

KE= MET-PE Source: https://images.app.goo.gl/
= 432.18 J-384.16 J GeayygEZRdqHp7mR6
= 48.02 J

Summarizing the answers in the table, you can see clearly the equivalence of the Total
Mechanical Energy in every second.
Following the steps in getting the Kinetic Energy and Potential Energy for t = 0 s and t = 1s,
study the table below.

Authors: Ivy G. Hontalba / Marie Lou S. Paler

School/Station: Libertad NHS / Agusan NHS
Division: Butuan City
Email Address: [email protected]/ [email protected]
Table 3. Summary of the Mechanical Energy of a Free-Falling Body
Time Height Velocity PE KE MET (PE+KE)
(s) (m) (m/s) (J) (J) (J)
0 44.1 0 432.18 0 432.18
1 39.2 9.80 384.16 48.02 432.18
2 22.1 19.6 216.58 215.6 432.18
3 0 39.2 0 432.18 432.18

You have observed that an object freely falling gains kinetic energy since its velocity
increases constantly. On the other hand, its potential energy decreases since its height decreases.
The increase in its kinetic energy comes from the lost in its potential energy. In the example of a
1- kg stone dropped from a hill, at t = 0s, its stored energy which is the potential energy is not yet
converted into kinetic energy. As the stone falls as in t = 1 s, the decrease in potential energy,
48.02 J, is equal to the increase in its kinetic energy. After 2 s, the amount of energy lost and
gained by potential energy and kinetic energy respectively is still the same. At all points in its path,
the change in its potential energy is equal to the change in its kinetic energy.

Guide Questions:

Do the following tasks and solve the problems. Use separate sheets of paper for your answers.

Situation: A stone with a mass of 0.1 kg is dropped from a building with a height of 80 m.

Q1. Construct the diagram showing the illustration of the problem.

Q2. Calculate its potential and kinetic energies at t=0s.
Q3. Calculate its potential and kinetic energies after the stone has traveled 20 meters.
Q4. Calculate its potential and kinetic energies just before the stone touches the ground.
Assume that air friction is negligible and the reference position is the ground.

Activity 5: Bouncy Balls

Objective:

Infer that the kinetic energy of a bouncing ball is not conserved.

What you need:

Ballpen Worksheet

What to do:
1. Read and understand the given situation and answer the guide questions below.

Three balls of different masses were dropped from a specified reference height, one at a
time. After the result from the three trials, the following measurements were recorded. Complete
the missing information in the table by calculating the rebound velocity, initial and rebound kinetic
energy and change in kinetic energy for ball C.

Authors: Ivy G. Hontalba / Marie Lou S. Paler

School/Station: Libertad NHS / Agusan NHS
Division: Butuan City
Email Address: [email protected]/ [email protected]
Table 4. Summary of the Mechanical Energy of a Free-Falling Body

Ball Mass Initial Trials Final Initial Rebound Initial Rebound Change
of Height Height Velocity Velocity Kinetic Kinetic in
Ball hi hf vi vf Energy Energy Kinetic
m (m) (m) (m/s) (m/s) KEi(J) KEf(J) Energy,
(kg) ∆ KEf
(J)
A 0.04 1 0.50 4.43 3.13 0.39 0.20 0.19
2 0.45 4.43 2.96 0.39 0.18 0.21
3 0.45 4.43 2.96 0.39 0.18 0.21
B 0.05 1.0 1 0.35 4.43 2.62 0.49 0.17 0.32
2 0.33 4.43 2.54 0.49 0.16 0.33
3 0.33 4.43 2.54 0.49 0.16 0.32
C 0.07 1 0.20 4.43 (a) (d) (g) (j)
2 0.20 4.43 (b) (e) (h) (k)
3 0.23 4.43 (c) (f) (i) (l)

Where vi = velocity of the ball just before it hits the ground

vf = Rebound velocity of the ball right after it hits the ground
KEi = Kinetic Energy of the ball just after it hits the ground
KEf = Kinetic Energy of the ball right after it hits the ground

You may use the Kinematics Equation vf2 = vi2 + 2gy or PEi + KEi = PEf + KEf

Guide Questions:

Q1. Describe the height of the ball before it was released and after it bounced.
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
Q2. What happens to the kinetic energy of the ball after its collision with the ground? What does
this mean?
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________

Rubric for Scoring Q1 and Q2

Points Description
3 Explanations are conceptually correct and complete.
2 Explanations are conceptually correct and incomplete.
1 Explanations are conceptually incorrect.

Authors: Ivy G. Hontalba / Marie Lou S. Paler

School/Station: Libertad NHS / Agusan NHS
Division: Butuan City
Email Address: [email protected]/ [email protected]
Reflection

Write a short paragraph of your real-life tasks that is of personal interest to you such as a
skill or hobby, a favorite amusement park-ride experience, any travel experience or a sporting
event. Identify energy transformations that occur from those experiences.

Rubric for Scoring the Reflection

Points Description
Practical application is scientifically explained consistent to the
3
concepts and has no misconception.
Practical application is scientifically explained consistent to the
2
concepts, but with minimal misconception.
Practical application is explained consistent to the concepts, but
1
with misconception.
0 No discussion

Authors: Ivy G. Hontalba / Marie Lou S. Paler

School/Station: Libertad NHS / Agusan NHS
Division: Butuan City
Email Address: [email protected]/ [email protected]
References

Alvarez, Liza A., Angeles, Dave G., Apurada, Herman L., Carmona, Ma. Pilar P., Lahorra, Oliver A.,
Marcaida, Judith F., Olarte, Ma. Regaele A., Osorio, Estrella C., Paningbatan, Digna C.,
Rosales, Marivic S., Delos Santos, Ma. Teresa B. 2014. "Science 9 Learner's Module." 280-
301. Pasig City: Department of Education

Nalda, Nora, et al. Physics: Science and Technology Textbook for Fourth Year. Philippines:
Department of Education-Instructional Materials Council Secretariat, Reprinted Edition
2012.

Doubtnut Service Website. “Physics: Rigid Bodies Dynamics 2”. Accessed on March 2, 2021.
Retrieved at https://doubtnut.com/question-answer-physics/a-small-solid-marble-of-
mass-m-and-radius-r-rolls-down-along-the-loop-track-without-slipping-find-th-11301451

Education.com Service Website, an IXL Learning Division. Accessed on March 3, 2021.

Retrieved at https://www.education.com/science-fair/article/ball-bounce-higher-
dropped-greater-height/

Authors: Ivy G. Hontalba / Marie Lou S. Paler

School/Station: Libertad NHS / Agusan NHS
Division: Butuan City
Email Address: [email protected]/ [email protected]
 Email Address: [email protected]/ [email protected]
Division: Butuan City
School/Station: Libertad NHS / Agusan NHS
Authors: Ivy G. Hontalba / Marie Lou S. Paler
Activity 1: Energy Transformation
1.a. potential to kinetic energy
b. electrical to mechanical
c. chemical to heat/light energy
d. potential to kinetic energy
2. Answers vary. Ex: walking, cycling
Activity 2. The Friction Toy Car
1. The toy car can move forward. Pls. redraw with hand on top pulling back, indicate
motion (hand & toy)
2. As the car is pushed down and pulled backwards (action force), the forward
frictional force between the wheels and the running surface (reaction force) stored
elastic potential energy in the car, as a spring is tightly wound during this process.
When the car was released, the spring extends, and the elastic potential energy
is converted into kinetic energy of the moving car. All through these processes,
friction is at work, and some of the potential and kinetic energies are
converted to heat and sound energy
3. The toy car started with elastic potential energy when pulled back before
release.
4. The toy car moved with kinetic and sound energy.
5. Some of the stored energy went into moving the car (non-conservative work)
and some of it turned into heat due to friction causing the car to eventually stop.
Activity 3: The Rolling Marble
1. A
2. PE increases
3. D
4. KE decreases
5. KE increases
Activity 4: Find Me
1. Diagram
2. PE= 78.4J KE=0
3. PE=58.8J KE=19.6 J v= 19.8m/s
4. PE=0 KE=78.4 J v= 39.6m/s
Answer Key
Answer Key

Activity 5. Bouncy Ball

Ball Mass of Initial Final Initial Rebound Initial Rebound Change

Ball Height Height Velocity Velocity Kinetic Kinetic in
m(kg) hi(m) Hf(m) Vf(m/s) Vf(m/s) Energy Energy Kinetic
KEi(J) KEf(J) Energy,
∆ KEf (J)
A 0.04 0.5 4.43 3.13 0.39 0.20 0.19
0.45 4.43 2.96 0.39 0.18 0.21
0.45 4.43 2.96 0.39 0.18 0.21
B 0.05 1.0 0.35 4.43 2.62 0.49 0.17 0.32
0.33 4.43 2.54 0.49 0.16 0.33
0.33 4.43 2.54 0.49 0.16 0.32
C 0.07 0.20 4.43 a.1.98 d.0.69 g.0.14 j.0.55
0.20 4.43 b.1.98 e.0.69 h.0.14 k.0.55
0.23 4.43 c.2.12 f.0.69 i.0.16 l.0.53

1.The height of the ball decreases.

2. The ball loses kinetic energy after the collision with the floor. Kinetic energy is

converted to other forms of energy (i.e., heat and sound) Recall that in an inelastic
collision, kinetic energy is not conserved.

Authors: Ivy G. Hontalba / Marie Lou S. Paler

School/Station: Libertad NHS / Agusan NHS
Division: Butuan City
Email Address: [email protected]/ [email protected]