Machaya High School 2020 Paper I FRS Notes (4047/01)

Machaya High School

O Level Family And Religious Studies Notes

Paper One 4047/01

CONTENTS

Introduction
Instructions
Paper l Notes
NB: These notes have been prepared based on the past exam questions as an attempt
to assist learners in how to answer questions. They shall be revised on yearly basis so
that they suit the contemporary requirements of the syllabus

Introduction

The syllabus component is Family and Religious Studies Paper I. (FRS 4047/01). It is
a set of structured paper written or examined in two hours thirty minutes (2hrs 30
mins). Answer paper shall be provided. A candidate should bring to the exam room a
couple of good and recommended ballpoint pens (blue or black) do not mix ink. Use
one ink throughout.

Insturctions

Instructions shall require candidates to:

 Write one's name, centre number and candidate number in the spaces
provided.on the answer paper. Or answer bobooklet
 Answer five questions
 Choose at least one question from each section
 Each question carries [20] marks

INFORMATION TO CANDIDATES

The number of Marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part
question. You are advised to spend no longer than 40 minutes on one question.

PAPER I NOTES
SECTION A
INDIGENOUS RELIGION
NB:vernacular are only accepted in Section A (Indigenous Religion) only.
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MARRIAGE

(a) – marriage is the legal relationship between a man / husband and a woman / wife.

- a ceremony in which the two become husband and a wife.

(b). Items used for marriage include: beasts/ cattle, grain, goats, sheep, a spear, a hoe,
money etc

Those who are poor used to provide labour in kutema ugariri

- traditional clothing [ add any other reasonable point]

(c) some examples of ways of marriage are

– kutizira / kuganha the woman offer herself or went to the boy-lover’s family
without his knowledge and force to marry maybe after being pregnant or some other
reasons.

- kutizisa / kutiza mukumbo (eloping) the boy’s family and the girl’s aunt make an
arrangement that the escape from home to that of the future husband.

- kukumbira (asking) the boy’s family make an initiative by going to the girl’s family
to make their intentions known.

- kugara nhaka after death of a brother or uncle, a young brother or nephew takeover
the widow as husband.

- kutema ugariri a boy may offer himself as a labourer in a certain family in order to
be give a wife after a certain period of time.

- kuzvarira (pledging) during crisis initiative comes from the woman’s family and
offer the daughter in exchange of grain or any other valuable items.

- kuripa ngozi a young girl may be forced into marriage to appease the avenging
spirits.

(d)Some causes of divorce include

- diaspora issue one of the spouses may be working or living in another country and
fail to come back forever / marry another person.

- economic hardships due to economic problems in the country some people opt to
divorce.

- HIV/AIDS if one discovered that a spouse is HIV positive he/she may decide to
divorce.

- unfaithfulness after discovering that a partner has an extra marital affair.

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- neglect some opt for divorce because they being are neglected by their spouses.

- love of wealth / money women divorce when their husbands are bankrupt.

Indigenous Religion is characterised by informal education.

a) Education is the process or action of teaching someone in a school, college or

university

It is knowledge, skill and understanding that one gets from attending a school,
college or university

b) ways in which children are educated in Indigenous Religion.

rituals – by attending rituals people gain knowledge

rites of passages

celebrations

observing sacred places, objects and time

folk tales

taboos

legends

myths

punishment

(c). Roles by educators in Indigenous Religion.

teaching skills

instilling values

teaching acceptable standards and beliefs (Explain)

d) advantages of informal education over formal education.

It is affordable

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Learning is personal and less threatening

There is a lot of freedom for someone to work at his or her own speed, time and
place

There is more room for originality and brain stimulation

Improves individual skills and capabilities

MYTHS in IR

(a).What is a myth.

-A myth is a false story that have a religious meaning to the believers.

(b).List any four myths in indigenous religion.

-Mwedzi myth.

-egg myth.

-duri myth

-Guruuswa myth.

(c)Describe the myth of creation in indigenous religion.

-The myth of creation tells people about the origin of the universe. The Mwedzi myth
is the one that tells people about the origin of the universe. It tells that, God created a
man called Mwedzi. He placed him in a pool. God gave Mwedzi the permission to do
things. He created a wife for Mwedzi. The wife was called Masasi. Masasi gave birth
to boys and girls. Later on,she gave birth to boys, girls, trees ,stones and others. That
marked the beggining of the universe.

d) what extent did myths important in indigenous religion .

-To a greater extent myths are important in indigenous religion because they explain
about the origin of people and the universe. They teach moral lessons. They teach
guidance and counseling. They promote norms and values. They promote the
significant of the environment as it will be regarded as sacred. They act as
entertainment for people. However, myths are not important in indigenous religion
because they are regarded as false stories that do not tell the truth.

CULTURE

a) Culture is all about a society's ideas, arts, customs, beliefs and socienal behaviour
passed from one generation to the other

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b) i) cultural roles played by men: hunting, providing for the family, farming,
herding cattle, protecting the family, disciplining the family, decision making, mining,
black smithing, curving (kuveza), trading with foreigners.

ii) Cultural Roles for Women: cooking; sweeping, teaching children at home,
pottery, weaving busckets, wedding, nursing children, windowing grain and grinding
grain on a mortar.

c) Ways through which culture shapes gender:

 Culture socialise boys and girls to play different roles (through role play).
Boys are taught to hunt , farm, make decisions etc, girls are taught to to cook,
do domestic duties and mind babies.
 Morals- the ability to know what is right or wrong for a man or a woman.
That is gender related. Not good for a man to cook or sweep the house or wash
plates.
 Values: do's and font's

d) How modern life styles affect indigenous ways of life:

Behaviour: boys and girls behave in mixed and uncultured ways.

Language: lack of Ubuntu eg use of slang

Dressing: cultural dress has become a thing of the past.

Respect: elders are no longer treated with respect

Indigenous life abandoned: it is seen as backward by the new generation and has
opted new ways of living and new life styles.

Totems

a) A totem is an animal / other natural object that is chosen / respected as a special

symbol of a tribe / family

(b) Examples– Moyo, Shumba, Ngwenya, Matutu, Shoko, gumbo, Moto, Zhou, Beta,
Chuma [Add other totems]

(c).Significance of totems

used as names to identify individuals (eg. Mr Moyo)

-unity – people of the same totem always relate in harmony

- sense of belonging: individuals belongs to certain groups or tribes because of

totems.
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- people to communicate with ancestors since totems are used in ceremonies /

appeasements.

- facilitation of marriage since people of the same totem are not allowed to marry one
another

- wild life and environmental conservation since African taboos do not permit
individuals to destroy animals / natural objects of their own totem

(d). Taboos conected to totems

– do not eat your totem because your teeth would fall

- do not marry one the same totem because one would bore crippled children.

- do not kill your totem animal for that cause misfortune.

- If you eat your totem your mother will die.

- if you eat your totem that could anger your ancestral spirits.

HERITAGE

a) Heritage comprises of property, property, traditional, beliefs, or doctrine passed

from generation to generation.

b) National heritage sites include: Victoria Falls, National Hero's Acre, Nyanga mt,
Njelele Shrine,Chirorodze/ Chinhoyi caves, Hot Springs, Hwange National Park,
Chirinda Forest, Gonarezhou, Great Zimbabwe

c) Importance of Heritage sites:

Hero's Acre: burying Hreos and heroines. Helps in the memorial and rememberance
of the liberation struggle.

Great Zimbabwe: Important in the remembrance of history and culte of Zimbabwe

and the remembrance of the historical indigenous life style.

Njelele shrines - helps in the remembrance of the roles of masvikiro and in how
mountains were a link of God to the people.

d) Ways of preserving heritage

Fencing- erecting a fence against trespassing

Declaring the places Sacred:people respect sacred places

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Engaging security guards: to enforce ensure the security of a sacred place

Enforcing laws: keeping of the laws and set rules secures the shared places

FAMILY

a) A family is a group of people living together. They are related to each other by
marriage, blood or adoption. It is a group of people grand father, grandmother,
children and grand children

b) Types of family

Nuclear family, extended family, single parent family, child bearded family, Adopted
family, foster family, monogamous family, polygamous family.

c) Advantages of some families

i)monogamous family: - easy to look after; less quarrels,

ii) polygamous family:- very social, easy to find peers, makes work easier, good for
several sexual relations within one wedlock

iii) extended family:-very social, easy to find peers, makes work easier, gold for
conflict resolution strategies under several competent practitioners. More skills to
teach the youths are at the family's disposal

d) Roles of family members

Father- works and provide food for the family, provide accommodation for the
family, provides security for the family, gives financial support to the family

Mother- cooks food for the family, sweeps the house, fetches firewood, washes
clothes, trains children domestic tasks

Boy child - hearing cattle, hunting, gardening, assists father to plough, cutting
firewood.

Girl child- helping mother cleaning the house,helping mother in farming, fetching
firewood, fetching water

[Add more points]

GOOD CITIZENSHIP

a) it is all about one who properly fulfill his/ her role as a citizen

b)Good citizenship can be demonstrated through the following ways: - respecting

others, voluntary work, patriotic, Honesty, charitable/ generosity, good behaviour,
good dressing, hard working, way of speaking ( add more points)

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c) Ways of good citizenship

Peace- people mantain harmony

Volunteering- people are ready to work for the community

Honest- ability to be faithful and trustworthy

Unity- people Woking together

Respect- people tolerate each other regardless of social or cultural differences.(add

more points)

d) Good citizenship is taught through:

Riddles: stories that spell outvto the youths what is expected in the community

Myths: help to target and build oneself on what is good and avoid what is bad

Taboos- help the youths to screen habits and make good choices

Songs: a theme is sung and inspires the youths on god choices of citizenship

Youth training: patriotism is taught in youth training

Role Modelling: leading by example. The youths copy their right model

Folk Stories- telling stories where characters are good to be taken as role models by
the listeners.

Drama: acting out a theme to be taught or imitated

Punishment and Reward- helps the young to maximize on aspects that are rewarded
and desist from punishable acts.

Reading (novels)- Culture themed novels or short stories and poems assist in the
building of good citizenship.

CONFLICT

a) Conflct

- is a struggle or contest between parties with opposing needs, beliefs, values,

interests or goals.

- the struggle that exists when the actions of either an individual or group of people
harm or affect negatively another person or group of people.

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b) Examples of conflict in the family: Between

- husband and wife

- parents and children

- in laws and daughters in law

- wife and husband’s relatives

c) causes of conflict in the family

- cultural differences

- misunderstanding

- poor communication

- lack of planning

- witch hunting

- deceit

- religious labels

(d) Ways of solving conflict at family level in Indigenous

Religion.

Through the use of Aunts

Through the use of Uncles

Through dare

Through the use of elders in the family (explain)

Indigenous Religion is concerned with Health issues

a)Health is the state/ condition of being free from physical/ psychological/ intellectual
illness. It is the absence of disease

b) some I'll heath conditions include;

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Mental illness, stomach ache, headache, epilepsy, stroke/ paralyses, depression,

mislrs, madness, cancer, eye infection, back ache, STIs HIV & AIDS, BP, boils,
asthma etc

c) Causes of I'll health

Witchcraft or sorcery: harming others by use of muti or spiritual means causing

them to be I'll.

Avenging Spirits: angry spirits of the wronged dead seeking vengeance/ revenge
affecting the living victims with illness.

Generic Causes: an inherited health problem that is common to people of the same
gene/ family or blood

Withdrawal of Protection: Angry ancestors withdraw theirritection causing their

people to be attacked by enemies leaving them prey of sickness and diseases.

d) Ways of dealing wit health

-Appeasing the ancestors through ceremonies, rituals or asking for forgiveness.

-Approaching traditional healers for healing, diagnosing the problems and giving
solutions

- approaching diviners for healing

-Use of herbs(multi) to heal specific illnesses

- use of charms for protection

-restitution for ngozi- mushonga wengozi kuripa.

DEATH

(a). - Death is end / ceasation of life

- death is final life of any living organism.

(b) Causes of death

– witchcraft, avenging spirits, old age, gobblings, sickness, etc

(c) Actions done at the Grave/ grave site

– marking of the grave -have to be done by the close relative and if not so it believed
that the spirit of the deceased would avenge.

- provision of the mouse / rat as wife / husband to the deceased who was not yet
married.
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- placing of tools / utensils in the grave for use in the afterlife.

- dedication of the deceased to the ancestors for them to receive him / her in the
spiritual world.

- warning; from the relatives of the deceased who could warn anyone witched
/murdered / killed the deceased to face revenge.

- revenge requisition the deceased maybe asked to go and revenge.

- forbidding of weeping for that can disturb the deceased’s smooth movement into the
spiritual world. [Add any other relavant points]

(d). Examples of avenging spirits

– murder: the spirit of the dead could avenge through causing death to the family
members of the murderer.

- botso: if a mother dies while being or after ill-treated by own child her spirit could
cause misfortune or madness to that child.

- inappropriate distribution of the deceased’s estate if the property of the decease is no

shared according to the wishes of the dead.

- deceased demands: when the living fail to meet the requests of the dead. [Suggest
any other relevant points]

ENTERPRISE: assist in solving problems in IR

a) enterprise is all about wealth creation services

b) products made in IR ate

Spears, how's, drums, clay pits, busckets,axis, mats, hats, basins, sandals, cooking
sticks,

c)Forms of rnterprise

-potery- makiny clay pots

-farming- the growing of crops

-blacksmithing- making iron tools

- weaving- making busckets, winowers etc

- mining- extracting minerals underground for sale or the manufacturing of tools and
utensils

-Fishing- catching fish and selling them

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Trade-buying and selling of goods

Transportation- carrying of goods and ferrying people and being paid for the service

Healing- making I'll people strong and pay afterwards for the services

SECTION B
JUDAISM
FAITH/ BELIEF

a) Belief is a strong feeling that something exists or that something is true.. Beliefvis
having faith in something.

b) Major Jewish Beliefs

Belief in:

o God the creator

o Prophets
o Monotheism
o A covenant based covenant with God
o Torah/ scripture
o Coming Messiah
o Angels
o Life after death
o Abraham as the father or the patriarch of the nation

c) Jewish teaching on the Covenant

 A covenant is a contract or agreement between two or more people

 It is a legally binding agreement
 Sealed with the blood of the covenant
 Being obedient orvfaithful bring blessings
 Breaching the covenant brings a curse

d) Jewish covenants

Abrahimic covenant- Covenant between God and Abraham. It was enforcced by

circumcision. Abraham was instructed to leave his country and go tobtge promised
land where he would be made into a great nation. Abraham was very loyal and God
promised him his son, the redeemer/ Messianic king to Abraham's ddescendants (Gen
15:18)

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Mosaic Covenant - this was the renewal of the Abrahimic covenant and express the
monotheistic nature of Judaism. It was made between the Israelites and God.
Circumcision was a requirement and the sprinkling of blood was the seal of the
covenant. It marked the giving of the law at Mt Sinai. The ark of the covenant was a
sacramental sign of the covenant among the Jews. (Gen 20: 1-23)

Noaic Covenant -the agreement between God and Noah that God will not destroy
humanity again with water/ floods. The covenant is sealed with a rainbow in the
sky(Gen. 6)

Davidic Covenant - covenant between God and David. The throne was to remain in
David's linage forever. David's house was given a status of royalty. (1 Sam 23:5)

Aaronic Covenant - Besides a covenant with his people, God had a special covenant
with the priestly tribe of Levi, the descendants of Aron. Conditions of their service
were stated for them to work as holy priests. It was an eternal covenant.

THE SUPREME BEING

a) The Supreme being is the dominant power or the deity worshiped.

b)Ways of communication between the Yahweh and his people

Trough:

I. Visions
II. Prophets, priests, messengers, judges, kings
III. Nature
IV. Scripture
V. Dreams
VI. Rituals
VII. Casting lots, divination
VIII. Auditions

c) Attributes of God in Christianity.

- Transcendent – he operates above his creation

- Omnipotent – he is all powerful

- Omniscient – he knows everything

- Omni present – he is present everywhere

- Eternal – existed before the creation

- Omnibenevolent – all that God does is good

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- God is Holy – he is separate from sin

- Impeccable – he is perfect and without sin

- Immutable – he never changes

- Incorporeal – has no physical existence

- Oneness – he is only one

-Creator he created everything

-Malevolant- punishes/ judges

d) the significance of the names of God

El Shadai - all safficient creator of everything

Jehovah Jaire - The God who provides

Yahweh - God the on who is; the God of Abraham, Isaac and Jacob

Jehovah Nissi - lord the banner

Elohim- the God of justice

Rituals

(a). Rituals are actions / words said/done in the same repeatable way as part of the
ceremony.

(b) Examples– the Brit Milah, Circumcision, Naming ritual; Bar Mitzvah / Bat
Mitzvah; Marriage; Death

(c) Dangers associated with the ritual of Circumcision

– contraction of infectious diseases; non clinical circumcision resulted in some

participants being victims of diseases which can be transmitted through blood e.g.
HIV AIDS.

- death due to excessive bleeding; some people could die du e bleeding because no
one could be able to stop overflowing of blood.

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- death from wounds; some traditional practitioners could not be able to supply the
medicines required to heal the wounds.

- permanent injury; some practitioners could not have the expertise of the depth of cut
and that could result in physical damage.

[Suggest any relevant point]

(d). Significance of ritual practise in Judaism

– fulfillment of the Will of God; as Abraham was commanded by God to circumcise

all males of his descendants.

- so to be part of the covenant; since observance of the commandments is requirement

for all Jews.

- flesh covenant is akin to covenant of the heart; since the foreskin is unneeded part of
the fruit.

- sign of obedience to God; since God has ownership of the body and He gave
command to circumcise it.

- it is symbolic, cultural and physical sign; that all members within the same culture
should follow / it brings sense of belonging

JEWISH RELIGIOUS PRACTITIONERS

a) an expect/ specialist in religious matters who has significant authority in a religion.

b)Religious Practitioners include:- priests/ kohen, prophets/ nabi, kings/ melecki,

Rabbis/ teacher, High Priest, Elders, Judges, Chazan

c) Duties of Religious practioners:

Priests

Offering sacrifices

Burning in sense

Lead in worship

Intermediary between God and the people

Advise kings

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High Priest

Judges religious issues

Decides how tithes should be used

Distributes tithes and offerings for use

Offering sacrifices

Burning in sense

Lead in worship

Intermediary between God and the people

Advise kings

Kings

Rule the nation

Leads in wars

Solve disputes

Resolve issues

Define the national policy

Define the national foreign policy

Defends the law

Defends the monarchy

Defends the tradition of the pole

Elders

Assist Jewish cults/ leaders

Consulted by their communities

Provide counseling and guidance

They are advisors

Judges
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Prides over tribal issues

Lead tribal worship

Lead tribal wars

Chazan

Lead congregation in prayer

Lead the choir

Conduct funeral services

Lead in charity services

Visit the sick

Teach they

d) ways in which Religious practioners are rewarded:

Rewarded: for doing good they are given a reward.

Token: given a token of appreciation after giving a religious service or preaching.

- Entitled to take portions from sacrifices

Tithes: they are given remuneration from tithes.

- they are given accommodation

- sit at the high table.oung the Jewish Liturgy.

Judaism has a number of sacred days on its calendar.

(a) A sacred day is a holy day that is set aside for religious purposes.

(b) Sacred days in Judaism: the Sabbath day, the Passover day (Pesach), the feast of
weeks and the day of Pentecost.

c) Write notes on any three sacred days in Judaism.

Sabbath day :It is the seventh day of the week. Working is not allowed on this day. It
is a special day set aside for prayer and worship.

Passover day :It is a day set aside to celebrate the liberation of the Jews from
bondage in Egypt. Bread without yeast (unleavened bread) is eaten on this day.
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Day of attonment :This is the national day of repentance in Judaism. The high priest
enters the holy of holies to plead on behalf of Israel so that their sins are forgiven.

(d) The benefits of having sacred days in your society. Sacred days are important in
my society because of the following reasons :

 They promote the call to worshipping the creator.

 They help people not to forget the value and importance of religion in their
lives.
 They bring people together thereby promoting oneness and unity in the
society.
 They reduce stress in people since people are given time to rest from the week,
s activities.
 People enjoy themselves because there is intertainment in the activities on
sacred days.

Religious Regallia in Judaism

a) What is an Attire?

- Religious regalia/ clothes that are won by religious practitioners on religious

ceremonies.

b) Religious practitioners who wear distinct attire in Judaism.

- prophets

- priests

- high priest

- scribes

- Rabbi

- men

- women

c) The meaning of colours of the Jewish attire.

- Gold – purity of the heart

- Red – the animal aspect of men

- Blue - conveys the heavenly spiritually

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- Purple – man is both physical and spiritual

- white – pure and untarnished

d) The symbolism of the attire of a priest.

Tunic boxed stitches – readiness to reach his final goal

Belt – preparation

Turban – forgiven for hidden thoughts

Blue clock – totally immersed in spirituality

Bells – atonement of sins made by speech

Breast plate – unite with all the various tribes of Israel

Stones – importance of tribes of Israel to God

Gold plate – atonement for misguided thoughts

SACRED PLACES

a) a place set aside as holy for religious purposes

b) Sacred places include:

i. City of Jerusalem
ii. The Jerusalem Temple
iii. Mt Sinai/ Horebi
iv. Bethlehem
v. Mt Zion
vi. Five Jordan
vii. Bethel

c) Any three activities that take place in any Sacred place

The temple

Offering services- sacrifising of animal offerings

Praying- praying according to Jewish prayer hours, eg 3rd hr, 6th hr & 9th hr

Education- a school is conducted in the temlple to offer religious education,

scripture and the law

Study Torah- reading and pondering on the Torah in the Temple

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d) the significance of Sacred places

Education- used as a local religious education centre

Court of law- used as a local place where despites are solved and issues are resolved

Place of worship- used for religious services as worship, prayer, rituals etc

Community center- used as a local meeting place

Ritual Cleansing- forgiveness of sins

Enterprise is critical for the survival of Jews.

a) Define enterprise.

- Is the activity of creating a business and managing them.

- a business or organisation

b) forms of enterprise in Judaism.

- sole trader

- partnership

- private limited company

- public limited company

- public corporation

c) forbidden ways of enterprise in Judaism.

- selling pork

- keeping of pigs

- gambling

- profiteering

(d) Ways in which the disadvantaged benefit from Jewish enterprise.

Payment of fees

Given food donations

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Building of schools and homes of the disadvantaged

Given clothes

SEXUALITY

Jewish tradition devortes considerable attention to sexuality.

a) Sexuality is that which is characterized or distinguished by sex/ being biologically

male or female. The state of being male or female characterized by biological
features.

b) features that characterise puberty stage for boys and girls

i) boys develop pubic hair, a beard,muscles, begin to experience wet dreams

ii) girls develop pubic hair, breasts, hips, and begin to experience wet dreams

c) Forbidden sexual relationship and practise

Homosexuality: a sexual relationship between males

Lesbianism: a sexual relaton relationship between women

Incest: sexual relation between relatives eg a brother and a sister

Formication: ssxual relation between two nmarried parties

Adultery: sexual relationship where at least one or both parties are married

Bestiarity: sex relationship with an animal.

Masturbastion: sexual stimulation of oneself

d) The role of the family in shaping Sexual Oriataton

-prepare good diet for physical growth

-socialize boys/ girls to grow knowing their roles

Girls to do household chores under the supervision of the mother and boys under
the supervision of the father

Prepare and initiate boys / girls to adulthood

Train boys to grow physically strong

Guidance and counselling or teaching sessionsti be offered

Gender roles in Judaism are specific.

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(a)What are gender roles? These are specified duties for men and women in
different religions.

(b) Gender roles in Judaism: Bearing children, cooking for the family, leading the
synagogue services, educating the boy and girl child.

(c) Gender based violence in Judaism can be caused by the following :

1.Gender inequalities between men and women whereby women will rise up against
men who regard women as weak and as second class citizens.

2.Marital conflicts can cause gender based violence as women or men will be treated
unfairly which creates fights in the marriage.

3.Poverty can also cause gender based violence because teenagers can be raped by
older women who take advantage of their poverty status.

(d) Ways of solving gender based violence: Gender based violence can be solved
through the following ways.

1.Creating equal opportunities between men and women so that gender roles are
shared equally to prevent conflicts.

2.Promoting self help projects for women so that they earn their own income and
are not taken advantage of by men.

3.Awareness campaigns must be done so that both men and women are educated
on the dangers of gender based violence.

4.Revising cultural laws around the gender relations so that traditions that cause
women to be victims of gender based violence are removed.

Judaism takes health issues seriously.

a) Health is the state of free from diseases.

(b) Animals that are considered unclean by the Jews: pig, camel, hare, eagle, vulture,
owl, warthog.

c) Activities that promote good health in Judaism:

 Doing physical exercises so as to keep the body fit and strong to withstand
diseases.
 Praying and meditation to help the mind to relax as a way of preventing
stress related diseases.

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 Doing self help projects at home like farming and gardening as a way of
improving food sources to prevent malnutrition which cause diseases.

d) Advantages of having dietary laws.

o They make people to eat proper foods so as to have good health.

o Dietary laws can minimize diseases because unclean foods will not be
allowed.
o They help in raising the people, s beliefs since observing dietary laws is part
of Religion.
o Dietary laws can also help in preserving wild animals because not all animals
will be hunted for meat.

Jewish perceptions on disability are written in their scriptures.

a) Definition of the term disability.

- is a medical problem

- people with different challenges

- a physical or mental condition which makes it either difficult or impossible for the
person concerned to adequately fulfil his or her normal role in society.

b) Examples of disabilities in Judaism.

- deafness

- blindness

- dump ness

- mobility impairments

- psychological disorders

spinal cord injury

c) Causes of disability in Judaism.

- illness

- genetic

- poverty

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- improper use of medicine

- injury

- exposure to certain chemicals

- poor access to health care

d) ways in which Judaism assists people with disabilities.

Give spiritual support

Give emotional support

Paying fees

Building homes

THE NATURAL ENVIRONMENT

The environment is of much concern in Judaism

a) The natural environment is all that the lord God created; the world and all the
living things, trees and creatures. Man uses and should take care of the natural
environment as a Stewart.

b)ways through which resources are used I Judaism

-water - for ritual cleansing and baptism

Mountains- for prayer

-land - for growing crops

Rocks- for hewing tombs

Stones- for building

Timber- for building

Wood for firewood and roofing material

Forests- for fruits

c) Teachings about the environment

- people to take to take care of the planet to preserve God's planet

-afforestation/ reforestation/ plant or generate new environment for the future

generation

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- teaches people against pollution (Isaiah 41:7)

- taught to appreciate God's creation (Gn 1-2)

d) Environmental presavation

education: people are taught the importance of preserving natural environment

-enforcement of laws

-prohibitions: not to kill certain animal spicies

- growing more trees to replace those cut

Fencing

-punishing those who go against the law

- making the environment sacred

SECTION C
CHRISTIANITY
Christianity is one of the major religions that are practised in Zimbabwe.

a) What is Christianity?

Religion of people who believe in Jesus Christ as the mmessiah

b) beliefs in Christianity

- Belief In God

- Belief in Christ as the messiah

- Belief in resurrection of the dead/ life after death

- Jesus is the son of God

- believe in the Holy Bible

- believe in the Holy Spirit

- Baptism as a sign of repentance

- believe in the 10 commandments

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d) Attributes of God in Christianity.

- Transcendent – he operates above his creation

- Omnipotent – he is all powerful

- Omniscient – he knows everything

- Omni present – he is present everywhere

- Eternal – existed before the creation

- Omnibenevolent – all that God does is good

- God is Holy – he is separate from sin

- Impeccable – he is perfect and without sin

- Immutable – he never changes

- Incorporeal – has no physical existence

- Oneness – he is only one

d) ways through which Christianity promotes peace building.

Preaching

Teaching

News letters

Building schools (Explain)

ETHICS IN CHRISTIANITY

a) Ethics are principles that gives guidance to the people such as rules and regulations
(Mtt5-7). These principles distinguish between what's right and wrong, good and bad.

b) Ethical behaviours in Christianity

Loving one' neighbor, brother or enemy, caring, giving, helping, compassionate,

prayerfulness, meek and humble,

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c) Consequences of unethical behaviour in Christianity

Sickness: when one is sinfulness one can be strikes by sickness as a result eg HIV and
AIDS is connected with promiscuity.

Imprisonment : when one has done something wrong one is arrested and sentenced
to period of time in prison.

Barrenness: abortion leads one to be unfruitful.

Eternal punishment: a sinful person is punished with eternal hell fire.

d) Ways of teaching ethics in Christianity

Preaching: preaching during services defines what ought to be done and what ought
not to be done

Catechism : lessons are contacted teaching the ethics and questions are asked
learners are tested.

Testimonies: testimonies given by others are lessons to others on what is ethically

good.

Parables: stories told Te give lessons to others on he best one should act in a given
situation

Leading by example: one's ethical life being an example to others eg Jesus' life to
Christians

Punishment: when one leads a very unchristian behaviour he/she is punished by not
being pemmited to put on christian regalia, read the bible or participate in the services
giving a lesson to others that what was done was bad

CHURCH

(a) – concregation / group of people worshipping together.

- building / house of worship

(b) Examples of churches/ denominations– ZAOGA, ZAFM, AFM, Beroea, ZCC,

ZCCK, Zion Sabbath, [suggest more points]

(c) Reasons for leaving a church congregation

– Adultery; some church members / leaders indulge in illegal sexual activities with
other members’ spouses.

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- monetary demands; some leaders are demanding huge sums of money from church
members.

- stealing; money / other church properties get missing.

- break away; many church members are breaking away to form new churches /
denominations.

- fighting: some church members are fighting each other physically whilst in church.

- child abuse; a lot of abuse is being practiced in churches and most children are
forced into marriage.

- witchcraft; church members may resort to witchcraft so as to settle their

disputes.[Add some relevant points]

(d). Action taken to memmbers against church principles

– expulsion; members who do not observe teachings / doctrine of the church could be
expelled by the church leaders for they are feared of spoiling others.

- censure; members are to be inflicted with censure / not allowed to take part in
church activities a for certain period of time so as to make sure that they reform.

- not allowed to put on church regalia; so as to show the rest of the church that he /
she has failed to follow the church doctrine.

- guidance and counseling; one has to be referred to church counselors so as to realize

the wrong done and take the correct position.

- punishment; can be given manual work to do so as correct non doctrine behaviour.

- rebaptism; required to go for rebaptism for the sake of spiritual rebirth.

- fine; some are made to pay a certain amount of money / items as compensation
against failure to observe the church doctrine.

[Suggest more relevant points]

Christianity practices Rituals

a) A ritual is a religious action which can be repeated in the same manner. It consists
of a series of actions in it. eg marriage, baptism, Eucharist, burial, ordination, etc.

b) Reasons for practising the baptismal rite.

 For one to become a member of the Church

 To follow the example of Christ
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 For the cleansing or washing away of sins

 To signify the death and Resurrection of Christ
 To be born again

c) Notes on rituals

1. Eucharist: - The breaking of bread and the sharing of the cup oofwine. The
bread symbolises the body of Christ whilst the wine symbolises his blood. It is
done in commemoration of Christ's death and resurection.
2. Confirmation: For one to receive the Holy spirit.. Proceeds/ follows after
baptism. Confirmation makes one a full member of the Church and completes
the initiation rites. It makes one receive the gifts of the Holy Spirit
3. Confession: one confesses one's sins and asks for forgiveness before the
pastor, the congregation and God. This is done to seek God's forgiveness. It is
done for spiritual cleansing and the purification of the soul. It provides
forgiveness and purification. Also offers Spiritual guidance and counseling.
4. Prayer: a ritual that offers communion wit God. Can be done individually or
communally. It was introduced as an instruction by Christ to his disciples..
5. Washing of feet: Done to show humility, to resemble/ exhibit Christ's
example. For cleansing. To practice servant hood
6. Fasting: going without food for a period of time for religious purposes. Done
to ensure concentration in prayer. It is a sign of humility. Done to get more
closer to God and enables spiritual purification.

d) the importance of rituals:

 They symbolize the body of Christ

 They symbolise the suffering with Christ
 They symbolise the blood of Christ
 They are signs of the new covenant
 They foster the Christian identity
 Brings unity and love
 They bring forgiveness and sanctity
 They provide peace
 Brings one to God's presence

BAPTISM

(a) Baptism is a Christian ritual or ceremony; in which one is sprinkled / dipped in

water.

(b) WAYS

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– dipping once / total emersion.

- dipping three times.

- dipping seven times.

- passing through a flag.

- placing the bible on / above the head.

- beaten with a weep.

(c) Reasons for perfoming batism

– believed that children born with sins therefore they has to be baptized to clean the
natural sin.

- a ritual for all Christians like any other Christian they has to be baptized and born
again in Christ.

- dedication: of the child to God [ Suggest more points]

(d) Significants of Babtism to Christians today

– emulation of what Jesus did; people are baptized as way of doing what Jesus did.

- sense of belonging; after being baptized one could feel that he / she is now full
member.

- cleansing or washing away of sins; churches believe that after sinning one should be
re-baptized for being born again.

- healing ; it is done as a healing ritual if one is ill.

- casting away of demons; also done so as to drive away demons.

- church doctrine; so as to fulfill the church demands.

- membership approval; for one to be accepted as a full member and now allowed to
perform some spiritual duties such as preaching, praying for the sick etc.

The Eucharist/ the Lord's supper

(a). Lord’s Supper is partaking of bread and wine as body and bloody.

(b). The minister of the Eucharist given by

- Bishop, Priest, Decon, deconess, Minister, Reverend, pastor, Youth Leader, Women
Ministries Leader

(c) when eucharist is celebrated

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- Easter as the churches celebrate death and resurrection of Jesus.

- Christmas as the churches celebrate the birth of Jesus.

- Pentecost Sunda for most church members will be available since it will be a big
Sunday when the Holy spirit was 1st received

- Every Sunday as the church celebrate the day believed Jesus resurrected.

Corpus Christi - Sunday of commemorating the Eucharist the body of christ

- After every three months (e.g. SDA church) [adherence to church doctrine

- 20 July (e.g. ZCC) the day their church founder passed on.

[ add any other points]

(d). Relavance and significance

– Christian doctrine it has become part of the Christian practice that the churches had
adopted.

- approval of Jesus’ teaching for he did the same on the event of the Last Supper

- Remembrance of Jesus / Lord / Messiah for the bread represent his body and wine
his blood.

- loyality: its a sign of being faithful in Jesus.

FAMILY

a) A family is a group of people living together. They are related to each other by
marriage, blood or adoption. It is a group of people grand father, grandmother,
children and grand children

b) Christian Family values - love, sharing, hard working, unity, interdependence,

honest, respect, obedience, trust (add more points)

c) How Christianity encourage and teach Christian Values:

Sharing what they have with others

-Helping the poor and educating the needy

-Community development: building institutions, provision of medication and fees for

the poor

- Visiting each other in times of need, burring the dead sharing sorrow, empathy and
compassion

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- Caring for the sick providing home based care.

Promoting interdependence and unity: by celebrating marriages together

Promoting Peace and Justice, conflict management and resolution; through

reconciliation, love of enemies etc

Promotion of good morals

(Add some more points)

d) How Mordenism is a threat to Family Values

Technology: involves exposure of immoral behavior; especially ponography, drug

abuse etc

Media: include literature which oppose or gives different views to Christian views.

Urbanisation: encourages individualism which is against unity, sharing,

Globalization: leads to change of Christian belief after being exposed to other faiths

Education: exposes learners to different beliefs and values opposed to Christian ones

Human Rights: human rightsvmay interfere with Christian principles

CONFLICT

 Definition

Conflict is- a contest between two or more parties of opposing needs, opposing ideas,
opposing beliefs, opposing interests, opposing values, or opposing goods.

- a contest or a fight, a disarement or a misunderstanding

 Types of Conflict Christians are meeting today

Cultural/ traditional conflicts

Economic/ business conflicts

Inter-religious conflicts

Social/ community conflicts

Doctrinal conflicts

Political conflicts

Work-church related conflicts

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Gender related conflicts

Marriage conflicts

Marriage conflicts (add more types)

 Roles played by the church in solving conflict:

Counseling the fighting parties

-providing care giving: giving moral support

- helping in the correction of mistakes, restitution, or compensation

- mediation- bringing the conflicting parties to dialogue

-naturing effective communication

-teaching: giving direction/ knowledge on conflict management

-praying, fasting, or seeking devine intervention (add more roles)

 Effects of unresolved conflicts

Division -schisms/ going different ways

Open hostility- confrontations/ hatred

Physical battles- fighting each other as individuals or as groups

Legal Battles- tacking each other to courts

Distraction of property- damaging valuables as houses, furniture, etc

Loss of life- killing each other

Issolation- one may assolate oneself from others or be forced to stay alone for peace
Building

Migration- relocating

Resignation- quit attending services

Excommunication- expulsion/ considered not a member of the chuch anylonger

Disrepute-/ stigmatization- lcauses some unhealed wounds in the future of an

individual

Divorce- causes some families/ marriages to breakdown. (Add more effects)

Christians have a right to freedom of worship.

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a)Define the term human rights.

- are basic conditions that each person is entitled to by law or social rule.

b) Examples of human rights.

- civil rights

- political rights

- social rights

- economic rights

- cultural rights

- right to privacy

- right to life

- right to human dignity

(c) Ways in which the right to freedom of worship is associated with responsibility.

- reduce corruption

- engendering peace

- promoting stability

- promote democracy

- create employment opportunities ((describe)

d) Benefits associated with the right to freedom of worship.

fostering respect

reduce corruption

bring peace

encourage unity

promote stability

promote democracy

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employment opportunities (explain these benefits)

Christian perceptions on disability are written in their scriptures.

a) Definition of the term disability.

- is a medical problem

- people with different challenges

- absence of competent physical or intellectual fitness to Carry out one's expected

tasks.

- a physical or mental condition which makes it either difficult or impossible for the
person concerned to adequately fulfil his or her normal role in society.

b) Examples of disabilities

- deafness

- blindness

- dumpness

Barrenness

- mobility impairments

- psychological disorders

spinal cord injury

c) Causes of disability

- illness

- genetic

- poverty

- improper use of medicine

- injury

- exposure to certain chemicals

- poor access to health care

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- natural disasters

d) how the disabled are assisted

Give spiritual support

Give emotional support

Paying fees

Building homes

Christianity preserves its heritage in a number of ways.

a) Define heritage.

-the passing of title to an estate upon death.

-That which a person is entitled to inherit, by law or testament.

- that which have been handed down to a new generation from its fore fathers

(b) Heritage sites in Christianity.

- Church

- Holy ground

- Jerusalem

- Holy mountains

- Holy shrines

- Graves of saints

c) How Heritage helps to strengthen faith.

- remembering where Christianity starts

- remembering history of a church

- going for prayer

- Manifestations

- preaching the gospel

d) Ways of preserving heritage in Christianity.

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Fencing

Guarding

Putting laws

Declaring it as holy (explain)

GENDER

a) Gender roles are duties assigned to be done by specific individuals on the bases of
being male or female

b)Duties of women in the new testament:

 Preparing for visitors cf Martha

 Ushering
 Teaching/ preaching/ singing or dancing
 Cleaning and decoration
 Cooking
 Presentation of gifts
 Discipling children
 Submitting to their hhusbands

c) How women are oppressed in Christianity

i. Not allowed to speak in some churches

ii. Not allowed to take special roles in some churches
iii. Not ordained as priests pastors or deacons in some churches
iv. Not consulted for decision making in some churches
v. Not allowed to use contraceptives
vi. Not permitted to be employed or educated in some churches
vii. Dress code is imposed on them
viii. Not allowed to choose spouses in some churches
ix. Not allowed to read the scriptures in public or address the congregation in
some churches.

d) how the church deals with gender based violence

Mediation by elders, pastors etc

Counseling services given to members

Lessons offered to members

Gender group discussions on the reduction of gender based violence

Gender awareness campaigns

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Enforcement of rules pertaining chemicals

a) Definition of the term disability.

- is a medical problem

- people with different challenges

- a physical or mental condition which makes it either difficult or impossible for the
person concerned to adequately fulfil his or her normal role in society.

b) Examples of disabilities in Christianity

- deafness

- blindness

- dump ness

- mobility impairments

- psychological disorders

spinal cord injury

c) Causes of disability in Judaism.

- illness

- genetic disorders/ inheritance

Natural disasters accidents

- poverty

- improper use of medicine

- injury

- exposure to certain chemicals

- poor access to health care

d) ways in which Christianity assists people with disabilities.

Give spiritual support

Give emotional support

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Paying fees

Building homes or institutions that assist those with challenges, eg kapota.

Ngomahuru. Jairos Jiri

Rehabilitation centers

Praying for them

- counseling

- payment of fees and hospital bills, providing braillevfor the blind, giving scholaships

Education- formal or non formal

Providing vocational training

Promotion of projects

SECTION D
ISLAM
a) lslam refers to submission to Allah

b) Pillars of faith

Shahaddah- confession of faith

Zakat Alms/charity

Sawn- fasting

Hajj- pilgrimage

Salat- Prayer

c EXPLANATION

*Shahadah* – confession of faith

That there is no god but Allah and Muhammad is his messenger.

These are the first words said to a child as soon as he/she is born

These are the words spoken to a Muslim before he dies

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Or he says these words before he dies.

*Salat* – ritual prayer

Prayer is communication with Allah

Muslims pray five times a day - At dawn, mid morning mid afternoon, at sunset and in the
evening.

Muslims wash parts of their bodies before they start praying.

They prostrate as a sign of submission to Allah

They face Mecca when they pray.

*Zakat* - Almsgiving.

Muslims encourage giving to others especially the underprivileged

In some Muslim state zakat is collected and distributed by government

Not every one pays zakat Only those who have made saving during the year.

The needy and the poor do not give Zakat

The snab is idle money that a Muslim has saved throughout the year.

Muslims believe that their wealth has to be purified

By giving zakat Muslims destroy the spirit of greed creating a spirit of love and care for the
needy

*Sawm* – fasting

Fasting is going out for some time without food or drink for religious purpose.

It is done in the month of Ramadan, the nineth month on the Islamic calendar.

Muslims fast from sunrise to sunset

During the day all cafes and canteen are closed, they are only opened in the evening

During the time is spent in prayer and reading the Quran

Some Muslins read and recite the whole Quran during this period

At lunch time Muslims may spent time socialising with other Muslims

Not everyone fasts in Islam

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Pregnant women, those, sucking babies, the elderly, the sick, travellers and those at war are
exempted

*The hajj* – the pilgrimage to Mecca

Every Muslim has to visit Mecca at least once in his/her lifetime

During the hajj all Muslim wear the same type of cloth

These are clothe which will be used to wrap their bodies for burial

In Mecca all Muslims encircle the Ka’aba, seven times, in an anticlockwise direction making
the Shahadah

After that they run between the two hills seven times

They take the long journey to Mt Arafat

They pass through Mina where they perform the ceremony of the stoning of the devil

Lastly they go and stand at Arafat listening to broadcasts on loud speakers

After the long day sacrifices are meet whose meat is canned for distribution to poor Muslims
in different parts of the world

d) ISLAMIC BACGROUND

-Founded by Muhammad, A monotheistic Religion , found at Mecca, Allah is the

Supreme bring. Scripture was revealed from Allah and other Angels as Gabriel. All
Revelations were given to Muhammad and they were recorded immediately. Quran
was written in Arabic. The religion was established at Medina.

THE QURAN

(a) -Quran is the Islamic book / literature / scripture that contains the word of Allah.

(b) ways of respecting the Quran

– perform wudhu before touching it.

- keep it on a high place

- follow and practice upon what it says.

- read it every day.

- avoid eating and drinking whilst reading.

- handle it with care.

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(c) the night when the Quran was revealed

– it is 27 Ramadan; known as the Night of Power

- the night better than a thousand months and it the night angels descended on earth.

- time for forgiveness; since the whole night is spend in reciting / study the Quran.

- whoever establishes the prayer out of sincere faith; his / her sins will be forgiven

(d) The significance of the Quran

– is Allah’s authority as it contains the exact words of Allah.

- was presented by Allah to Muhammad the final prophet.

- is the message to all mankind; no race or tribe was left out by the message in the
Quran.

- Quran was recited by the prophet; and recorded immediately / accurately by his
companions.

- has never been changed; so its information is correct.

- is a miracle from Allah; because Prophet Muhammad could not read or write.

- enables them to practice their religion properly; and to be guided

- shows how to follow the strait path which is to struggle in the cause of Allah

- encourages faith; which is the love of Allah

SACRED DAYS

a) What is a sacred day?

It is a day that is regarded as holy in a religion

b) Sacred days in Islam.

- death of Muhammad

- birth of Muhammad

- Hajj

- Ramadan

- Zakat
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c) The importance of sacred days in Islam.

death of Muhammad

- remember and celebrate the contributions of Muhammad to the

growth and development of Islamic communities

- remember the political and religious contributions of Muhammad

Birth of Muhammad

is believed to be the founder of the Islamic Religion

- is believed to be the last prophet,

Hajj

- is the journey to Mecca the birth place of Muhammad

- is the journey to the most holly place

Zakat

a day for almsgiving

- Muslims believe that they should share their wealth with the poor

Ramadan

is a time for fasting throughout the month

people will be confessing their sins to God

d) How sacred days in Islam promote brotherhood.

Common prayer

Unity as people do things together

Helping each other

Fasting together (explain)

RAMADAN

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(a) – ninth month / moon of the Islamic calendar; when Muslims fast during daylight
hours.

(b) When also can fasting be done

– Ashura / 10 Muharram

- Eid al-fitr / shawal

- Lailat al Qadr / 27 Ramadan / Night of power.

- Milad un Nabi / 12 Rabi-ul-Awwal / Birth of the Prophet

(c)Significance of Ramadan

- The Quran; the month on which the Quran was revealed / the night Quran was
revealed is called Lailat ul Qadr / the month of Quran.

- gates of heaven; that they are open during the month of Ramadan / believed that
gates of Hell are closed / devil are put in chains / good action brings greater reward
during this month / the month was blessed by Allah / easy to do good because devil is
in chains.

- fasting; Muslims fast the whole month long / Sawm.

- Taraweeh Prayers; non obligatory but highly recommended night long prayers.

- I’tikafu; going into seclusion during the last nights of Ramadan / done in order to
seek Lailat Ur Qadr by praying and reading Quran / some people live in mosque
during serious reflecton and worship / some spend few hours at mosque or home.

(d) the Condition when fasting is exempted

– genuinely sick are exempted from fasting

- those suffering from ailments; really do not have problems in fasting

- those with acute conditions need advice from health professional.

- drug are normally required but many antibiotics, can be problematic for the fasting
patients.

- medicines cannot be taken according to the rules of fasting; for not to risk oneself ill.

- pharmacists generally offer free service; to the people concerning dosage for
medication during Ramadan.

- diabetic patients; controlled by diet alone can fast.

SACRED PLACES
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a) A Scred place is a place of a religious significance or value

b) Examples of Islamic sacred places: Kaaba, Mecca, city of Jerusalem, Medina,

Mount Arafat, Mount Sinai, well of zam zam, Mount Murah/ Moran, mount Sofa/
sufa.

c) Uses of a Mosque

 Place of worship: Muslims gather together in a mosque to make their daily

prayers and worship Allah.
 Teaching/ Education centre: a mosque is a place of receiving instruction. A
place for the recitation and learning of the Qur'anic articles of faith, the pillars
of faith, the hadith and the law
 Used as a warehouse: used for the keeping of sacred items
 The Immam's residence: the immam stays at a mosque for easy access by
members and to provide security to the sacred items kept there.
 Collection and keeping of alms: alms are collected at the Mosque and kept
there. Alms are distributed for use from the mosque
 Ritual performance: rituals are performed in the mosque.

d) The significance of Sacred Places

Mecca: Muhammed was born in Mecca. The revaluation was received at Mecca.
Musilims pray facing meccka

Medina: where Muhammad fled to and organised wars to conquer Mecca

Kaaba: place where sinsa are forgiven. The stoning of the devil is done there. The
black stone that fell from heaven is touched

Well of Zam Zam: it was discovered by Haggai and Ishmael in the desert. They
drank its water which was believed to have healing and cleansing powers

Mt Arafat: where pilgrims go and stand before Allah from noon to sunset to seek for
forgiveness.

ETHICS

(a) ethics is a moral principle; that control / influence human behaviour.

(b)i). What Islamic ethics forbids: homosexuality; adultery; contraceptives not

allowed; abortion; corporal punishment; accepy for exceptional cases; death penalty;
respect for life; free religious choice are forbidden actions

ii) Types of ethics: religious, social, political, medical, and environmental ethics.

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Business Ethics: discourage profiteering. Opposes/ discourage over pricing of goods

Religious Ethics: discourage adultery, family conflict and extra religious practices

Social Ethics: promotes good working conditions/ relations, living together, living in
harmony and coexistence.

Political ecthics: promotecpeace and order in a society

Medical ethics: promotes good health and discourages bad use or abuse of medicine

Environmental Ethics: encourages prevention of the environment and good use of

natural resources

(c)i Sources of Islamic Ethics

– Quran; contains exact words of Allah.

- Allah; whoever Existent / the Almighty / the Truth / not given to anyone than Him.

- Prophet Muhammad; to whom the Truth / Quran was revealed.

- Hadith the sayings of Muhammad

(d) Sources that promote Punishment

-Permitted; in theSharia Law for certain crimes. eg stealing and adultery

- sanctioned by the holy Quran; especially to the thief male and female cut off their
hands [award mark for any other example given instead of explanation].

- corporal punishment is viewed as merciful; as punishment is given in this life

instead of in the afterlife.

- some Muslims oppose corporal punishment; because they think it is too harsh.

- in some Islamic States there is financial compensation; is used as a substitute

SIGNIFICANCE OF ETICS IN ISLAM

-Ethics promotes fair business practices and demants no creating. It promotes good
labour practice against unfair treatment of workers. It demands almsgiving (zakat) for
providing the need. Makes known ones business for transparency and accountability.
Discourages stealing promoting use of one's own things. It discourages illegal
dealings eg selling of weapons or drugs to make a living.

women have social responsibilities.

a) What is a social responsibility?

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- What an individual do to benefit the community he or she lives in.

b) Social responsibilities of women in Islam.

- cooking for the family

- washing for the family

- Disciplining the children

- protecting and nurturing children

c) Compare social responsibilities of men to those of women in Islam.

- provide food for the family/ cooking for the family

- pay for the education of their children/ disciplining the children

- pay medical bills for the treatment of the children/ protecting and nurturing
children

d) the challenges that are faced by women in executing their social responsibilities in
Islam.

Looked down upon

Not given same opportunities as Allah

Not allowed to travel without escort

Views considered of less value to those of men

Can not make a decision without the consent of her husband.

GENDER

a) Gender roles are duties that Society and cultures do as defining man and women.

b) Gender roles of men in Islam

 Providing food for the family

 Providing/giving the family protection and security
 Decision making
 Teaching boys the Qur'an and Islamic cultural principles
 Disciplining children and wives

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 Strengthening family tties

** mention gender roles for Women

c) Forms of Gender vViolence in Islam

Human traficing- abducting women and girls

Emotional/ Psychological abuse- abusing women by scoring them, stigmatizing or

traumatizing them

Sexual abuse- abusing- women sexually by raping or molesting them

Neglecting children

Economic Abuse (explain)

d) Solving Gender based violence

Use of the family members to mediate

Use of campaigns to address gender based violence

Use of Islamic literature as the Hadith, theQuran, the Suna

Use of laws- marriage laws and the Sharia

SEXUALITY

a) Sexuality is the state of being male or female.

b) Roles of Women: washing, cooking, cleaning the house, taking care of children,
bearing children, naturing children, disciplining children, submitting to their
husband's

c) how boys are socialized: they are socialized through the rite of circumcision;
initiation to adulthood, through prayers, working in the fields, through participating in
congregational activities and prayers. They are socialized by their fathers.

d) Notescon two rituals related to sexuality

minor impurity rituals: cleansing of impurities, the body is completely washed of

passing gas and wet dreams by a spiritual bath

Circumcision: t is a cleanliness ritual. It also help in the fighting of cancer. ( write

morecpibts)

Environmental protection is an important aspect in Islam.

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a) What is the natural environment in Islam?

All things that exist and were not created by human beings.

b) Components of the environment.

Water, vegetation, Soil, Wildlife

c) environmentali preservation in Islam.

Fencing, Putting laws, Environmental awareness, Ecological advice from Muhammad

(EXPLAIN)

d) How ecological advice from Mohammed contributed to the protection of the

natural environment.

Respect for the environment, Caring for the environment, Preserving resources,
Enabling good use of natural resources (EXPLAIN)

Disability in Islam

a) Disability is the physical, mental, cognitive, or spiritual developmental condition

which limits a person's ability to engage in daily activities in the normal expected
capacity.

b) disability include; blindness, lame, deafness, crippled, albinism and barrenness.

c) Causes of disability

There are many causes which include illness, accidents, punishment or misfortune/
calamity or curse in Islam.

*Illness*: one can become disabled as a result of illness. For example one can loose
his/ or her sight because being ill or sick from small pox or other infections.

*Accidentally* one may loose his/ her hearing because of an accident for example
from the explosives used in mines. or loose a leg or an arm from a car accident.

*As a punishment*: according to the sharia one can be amputated for stealing.

*As a misfortune or Curse or a calamity*: one is born blind or deaf, one is barren or
is an albino as a curse from Allah

d) *How Muslims live with disability*

-Muslims care for the disabled. They help in the payment of fees. They provide
Braille for the blind, wheel chairs for the crippled, clutches for the amputated. Zakat
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provides for the physically challenged. They give them food and clothes. They
provide them with medication and pay for their medical attention. The disabled are
exempted from the mandatory Islamic pilgrimage to Mecca.

EDUCATION

a) Education is a process of imparting / teaching, learning/ gaining knowledge, and

skills in a fornal or nonformal learning institution ie the school, the society, the home
or the mosque.

b) Islamic educational practitioners include the sheiks, Allim, imaam, Ayotok and the
Muawiya (announcer)

c) The role of the Sheiks is to: Enforce the sharia, teach Islamic principles, lead
pilgrims, they act as Islamic judges. Sheiks teach Islamic prayers and doctrine. They
are advisers on Islamic issues.

d) Contributions of Islam to Zimbabwean education: building of schools. Providing/

donating text books, literature and reading materials. Offer school fees for the poor.
Promote discipline among learners. Support government programmes in educating the
nation by providing scholarships. Some Muslim sheiks are lecturers.

O Level FRS PAPER I NOTES. 2021. By Mr Chibaya