Economics 9 Name___________________________________ Score ____________ 4th Q

MODULE
Economic Policies of Different Philippine Presidents
2
Administration of Manual Roxas (1946-1948)
The administration of Roxas was a period of rehabilitation. There was a need for economic recovery in our country after the
war because there a lot of damages in our buildings, communication and transportation facilities, industrial plants, and the like. Our
government was facing a lot of problems during that rehabilitation period due to lack of funds. As a consequence, President Roxas was
forced to accept the offer of the Americans regarding the two laws enacted, namely: the Bell Trade Act and the War Damage
Act/Philippine Rehabilitation Act, which continued the existing free trade between the Philippines and United States. The laws provide
financial aid worth millions of pesos to begin the rehabilitation of our country.
Administration of Elpidio Quirino (1948-1953)
President Quirino continued the economic policies, which President Roxas started. His administration emphasized import
substitution policy. He underscored the control on importation. His goal was to solve trade deficit to achieve a balance of trade. There
is trade deficit when the expenses from import exceed the export income.
-HUKBALAHAP
-Integrity Board

Administration of Ramon Magsaysay (1954-1957)

President Ramon Magsaysay started to solve the problems on land redistribution. Through the Land Reform Act of 1955, he
gave emphasis on the welfare of poor farmers who desired to own agricultural lands. He established the National Resettlement and
Rehabilitation Act (NARRA) to give land to some farmers. He also established FACOMA, a farmers’ cooperative marketing
association to organize the farmers. He was also known as the President of the Common Tao (masses).
-Southeast Asian treaty Organization
-Golden Year President of Asia
-Ramon Magsaysay Awardees
Administration of Carlos P. Garcia (1957- 1961)
The administration of President Garcia is considered as the most decisive administration because of his Filipino First Policy.
His objective was to free our economy from foreign intervention and control. The control on import, financial loans, and foreign
currencies was tightened.
He gave priority to Filipino industries in the distribution of resources. He supported the Retail Nationalization Trade Act
(Price Control.)
Administration of Diosdado Macapagal (1961- 1965)
President Macapagal lifted the control on foreign currencies and allowed the importation of goods, which resulted to
devaluation. His economy policy was called decontrol. It is called decontrol because he allows the foreign products to enter freely in
our country. He assigned the Agricultural Land Reform Code. It abolished the kasama system in tilling the land. It paved the way to
the implementation of land reform. He also established the Land Bank of the Philippines.
- Minimum Wage Law

Administration of Ferdinand E. Marcos (1965- 1986)

President Ferdinand Marcos is the president who served the government for 20 years, the longest term of office for a
Philippine president. He continued the Decontrol Policy of Diosdado Macapagal. At first, the economy was doing well. National
income increased rapidly; productions was high; and land reform was introduced under Presidential Decree Nos. 2 and 27. He declared
Martial Law in the country. His extended term of office had bad effects in our economy. Many corporations were under the
administration of his family and friends. Cronyism and nepotism were rampant.
Foreign debt became higher and laws become tougher. There was a negative figure in the national income; public funds were
corrupted and missing; and eventually economic crisis was prevalent. He was exiled to Hawaii during the height of EDSA I.
Administration of Corazon Aquino (1986- 1992)
President Aquino was the first woman president of our country. She was put into the power through the bloodless revolution
known as EDSA I. Democracy in the country was established once again. She started to organize and reform the politics, economy,
and the economic status of our people.
Corporation under the cronies of the Marcos administration were sequestered. Government corporations, which has considered
as nonperforming asset, were sold to private sectors. Privatization was the centrepiece of her reform. She implemented the
Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Program (CARP) to emphasize the economic condition of the farmer through Republic Act 6657.
She initiated the moral recovery among Filipinos. Her administration approved the Value Added Tax (VAT) as a tax reform measure.
-Family Code
-1987 Constitution
Administration of Fidel Ramos (1992- 1998)
Industrialization was the aspiration of President Ramos’ administration. He implemented the Medium Term Philippine
Development Plan which was called Philippines 2000 (malasakit,pagbabago, at patuloy na pag unlad.) It has the objectives of
economic improvement and upliftment through global competitiveness and people empowerment.
He continued to attract foreign investors to enter the country and put their capital in our industries. He implemented various
tax reforms to have funds to finance the different economic and social reform programs of the government, through which we were no
longer called, “The Sick Man of Asia.”
His administration became controversial with the implementation of the Expanded Value Added Tax (E-VAT) to reform the
tax collection and when our country approved and joined the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT).
-MNLF Peace Process Agreement
-Resolve Power Plant Crisis
Administration of Joseph E. Estrada (1998- 2001)
The 13th President of the Philippines. President Estrada is the most celebrated Philippine president. A former movie actor, he
became politician. He was involved in different controversies particularly when he was the top man of the country, but the most
controversial was the impeachment case. The impeachment case led to his imprisonment.
During his term as president, his economic agenda zeroed in on the alleviation of poverty that’s why his battle cry was ERAP
Para sa Mahirap. Because of this, he gained the heart and support of the Filipino masses. He captured the hearts of Filipinos through
charisma. He was not able to fulfill his plans and promises to the poor people because of the sudden change in government leadership.
-National anti-poverty commission
-MILF headquarters and camps
Econ 9 page 2 4th Q
Administration of Gloria M. Arroyo (2001- 2010)
The second woman president of the country. President Arroyo was put in power through EDSA People Power II after the
controversial impeachment trial of President Joseph Estrada. Her administration focused all its efforts to implement the previous
administration programs, which were not attained. She emphasized the importance of transparency in the government.
To check graft and corruption, all government transactions must be made known to people. Though her administration is
facing many problems like peace and order, high prices, insurgency, and an attempt to destabilize the government, she is trying to
improve whatever projects and programs have already been implemented by the past administration particularly projects related to the
upliftment of the economic status of the poor. She launched the program Pagkain sa Bawat Mesa. She also tried to stabilize the peso-
dollar exchange.
Administration of Benigno S. Aquino III (2010- 2016)
The Presidency of Benigno S. Aquino III began at noon on June 30, 2010, when he became the fifteenth President of the
Philippines, succeeding Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo.
Despite Typhoon Yolanda and a string of natural disasters throughout 2013, Philippine economic growth accelerated to 7.2
percent in 2013. Underlying this remarkable growth are the country’s strong macroeconomic fundamentals which continued to support
domestic demand and shield the economy from the persistent weaknesses of the global economy
No ‘wang-wang’ policy; Presidential Decree No. 96 was issued regulating the use of sirens, bells, whistles, horns and other
similar devices only to motor vehicles designated for the use of the President, Vice President, Senate President, House Speaker, Chief
Justice, Philippine National Police, Armed Forces of the Philippines, National Bureau of Investigation, Land Transportation Office,
Bureau of Fire Protection and ambulances.
Reproductive Health Bill; in January 2013, Aquino signed legislation which funds contraceptives for poor individuals; the law
has been challenged in the Philippine Supreme Court.

Administration of Rodrigo Roa Duterte (2016- present)

The Duterte administration accomplished several reforms that took decades to be enacted. These helped the country attain its
lowest poverty rate in 2018, and will pave the way for the achievement of its 2040 vision, said the National Economic and
Development Authority (NEDA).
These are strong economic management, the Philippine Identification System (PhilSys) or national ID program, the Rice
Tariffication Law (RTL), TRAIN or Tax Reform Acceleration and Inclusion Law, Universal Health Care Act the infrastructure
program, and the Ease of Doing Business Law, Build Build Build
The NEDA chief said that in the first four years of the administration, the Philippines recorded a strong economic growth
performance (averaging 6.6%) from 2016 to 2019, the lowest unemployment (5.3%), and underemployment (14.8%) rates in January
2020. In addition, Chua said that in 2018, the Philippines recorded the lowest poverty rate (16.7%) in the country’s history.
During the administration, the NEDA Investment Coordination Committee approved 79 major infrastructure projects
amounting to 3.9 trillion pesos. These projects are expected to generate 6 million jobs over the construction period and reduce the
Filipinos’ travel time, by 41 percent, and transport costs, by 43 billion pesos annually.
The campaign against illegal drugs, sanctioning of abusive utilities, and breakup of some oligarchies are one of his well-
known strong objectives for the country.

FT1. Fill in the blank with the last name of the president associated with the following event, program or project
__________ 1. ABS-CBN Shutdown ___________ 16. Eliminate illegal drugs in the country
__________ 2. People Power II ___________ 17. Import Substitution Policy
__________ 3. Bell Trade Act ___________ 18. Tuwid na Daan
__________ 4. Retail Nationalization Trade Act ___________ 19. Erap Para sa Mahirap
__________ 5. Decontrol ___________ 20. 1st president elected through PCOS
__________ 6. Universal Health Care ___________ 21. Pandemic mismanagement
__________ 7. Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Program ___________ 22. First Female President of the Philippines
__________ 8. Philippines 2000 ___________ 23. Reduce the poverty in the Philippines
__________ 9. K to 12 Curriculum ___________ 24. Super Typhoon Haiyan
__________ 10. Proclamation of Philippine Independence ___________ 25. Human rights violation
__________ 11. People Power I ___________ 26. TRAIN law
__________ 12. Postwar problems ___________ 27. K-12 Program
__________ 13. Hukbalahap ___________ 28. Martial Law
__________ 14. Agricultural Land Reform Code ___________ 29. Dignity of Filipino as a free people
__________ 15. Filipino-First Policy ___________ 30. President of the Common Tao
FT2. Complete the table below.
President Biggest contribution to the Satisfactory performance Support your answer in the third
country (yes or no only) column
Corazon Aquino
Fidel V. Ramos
Joseph Estrada
Gloria M. Arroyo
Benigno S. Aquino III
Rodrigo R. Duterte
FT3. Answer the following thoroughly.
1. In your own standard, what makes a good president? List 5 characteristics that would support your answer.
2. What is the most common problem faced by the presidents? What solutions would you suggest to solve that problem?
3. As a citizen, what is your commentary upon the current president’s performance in general? Discuss your answer.
4. If to become a president, in which aspect you like to focused more and why?
5. Among all the presidents given, which do you think has the most successful regime and why? END