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Jet Engine

The document summarizes key aspects of jet engines. It discusses their history beginning with designs from ancient Egypt. The main parts of a jet engine are described including the compressor, combustor, turbine and nozzle. It explains how jet engines work by compressing air, mixing it with fuel, combusting it to produce hot gases that are expelled through a nozzle to generate thrust. Different types are outlined such as turbojet, turbofan, turboprop and ramjet. The document compares jet engines to rockets and discusses challenges and suggestions for improvement. It provides an overview of the uses and concludes that common jet engines are widely used for transportation while specialized designs are limited to defense applications.

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Madhusudan rao
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80 views24 pages

Jet Engine

The document summarizes key aspects of jet engines. It discusses their history beginning with designs from ancient Egypt. The main parts of a jet engine are described including the compressor, combustor, turbine and nozzle. It explains how jet engines work by compressing air, mixing it with fuel, combusting it to produce hot gases that are expelled through a nozzle to generate thrust. Different types are outlined such as turbojet, turbofan, turboprop and ramjet. The document compares jet engines to rockets and discusses challenges and suggestions for improvement. It provides an overview of the uses and concludes that common jet engines are widely used for transportation while specialized designs are limited to defense applications.

Uploaded by

Madhusudan rao
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 24

www.studymafia.

org

Seminar
On
Jet Engine

Submitted To: www.studymafia.org Submitted By:


www.studymafia.org
Index

1. Introduction
2. History of jet engine
3. Parts of jet engine
4. How a get engine works
5. Types of jet engine
6. Comparison of Turbo Jet
7. Jet engines Vs Rockets
8. Difficulties
9. Suggestion for improvement
1 0. Merit and Demerits
1 1 Jet engine uses
1 2.Conclusion
1 3.References
introduction
Outer
Secondary
Duct fan nozzle
airstream
Turbine Hot
gases

Inlet
I

Combustion
Compressor Nozzle
chamber
Primary
airstream

•Jet engine is nothing but a gas


turbine.
•It works under the principle of
Newton's 3rd law.
• it stats that “for every acting force
there is an equal and opposite
force”.
•Gas turbine operates like toy
balloon.
History of jet engine

•The first jet engine was built by Egyptian scientists


during 1 00 BC.
• These device was know as Aeolipile.
・Dr.hans von ohain and sir frank whittle were the main
developers.
•Fan
•Compressor
•Combustor
•Turbine
・ Mixer
•Nozzle
Combustor
How ๐ jet engine works

Jet engine move the airplane forward with a great


force that is produced thrust and cause the plane to
fly very fast.

Fuel Burner
Air intake
・Fuel is mixed with the air , and electric spark
•Sucked in by the compressor.
light the air, cause it to combust.

Compressor
• series of vanes and stators. •The Combustion chamber
vanes rotate, while the stator remains ・The air is burst.
stationary. •Increase in the temperature of the air, thus
•Compressor speed and temperature increase in pressure inside the engine.
increases gradually .
Continued....

Turbine
•Works like a windmill •The blades gain energy from
the hot gassed moving past them. •This movement is
used to power the compressor. Jet pipe and
propelling nozzle
•the hot air rushes out the nozzle.
•High pressure
•Hot air russes out at very high speed.
TYPES OF JET ENGINE

•Ramjet
・ Turbojet •Turbofan •Turboprop
•Turboshaft
RAMJET

•It has no moving parts. •Its compression ratio depend upon forward
speed.
•It has no static thrust. Guided-missile system , space vehicle use
this type of jet.

Working principle of the ramjet above M = 3,5


Turbo Jet

•The turbo engine is a reaction engine . •Substantial increase in


thrust can be obtained by employing an afterburner.

burner
Turbojet
adjustable

Turbojet with Afterburner


Turbofan
・ The objective of the sort of bypass
system is to increase thrust without
increasing fuel consumption.

・ lt achieves this by increasing the total


air-mass flow and reducing the
velocity within the same total energy
supply

High-Bypass Turbofan
Turboprop
•A turboprop is a jet

engine attached to a
propeller.
•Modern turboprop
engine are equipped
with propeller that
have a smaller
diameter but a large
number of a blades
for efficient operation
at much higher flight
speed.
Turboshaft
Compressor
Compressor turbtne Exhaust

Combustion Free (power) Power


chamber turbine shaft

•It doesn't have a propeller.

•It provide power for a


helicopter rotor.

•It permits the rotor speed to


be kept constant even when
the speed of the generator is
varied.
Jet Engine Vs Rockets
Jet Engine Rockets

Oxygen from atmosphere for combustion. Carry their own for combustion.

Work only in atmosphere. Work in vacuum and atmosphere.

Liquid fuel. Liquid and solid fuel.

Complex structure. Simple structure.

High efficiency. Low efficiency.


Suggestion for improvement

• Employ active cooling.

• Designing better materials and alloys which retain strength at high


temperature .

• Smart structures — Structure and material which changes their


shapes and properties in flight.

• Design engines which switch from scramjet to ramjet.


Merits and Demerits
Merits of jet engine over IC Demerits of jet engine over IC
engine engine

• Mechanical efficiency of jet engine •Thermal efficiency of jet engine is low


is high as compared to IC engine. compared to IC engine.

•Weight and speed of jet engine per •Difficult to start.


HP developed is higher then IC
engine. ・Turbine blades need a special
cooling system due high temperature.
•Ignition and lubricating system are much simpler in jet engine then IC
engine.
Jet engine uses
• The industry they’re most prominent in is the transport industry zwhere they
are used to propel aircraft, boats, and in some one of creations such as a
turbojet power truck.
•The first use of the jet engine was to power military aircraft. •The Bell P-59A
Airacomet was also developed by the Americans. They had a massive
advantage over propeller driver planes , in that they were much faster.
•The General electric company used a “turboprop” jet engine to run an
electric generator.
•The jet engine is not only used on aircraft but on boats , where water jet are
used to propel the boat forward
Conclusion

•Normal type of jet engine is used to domestic purpose i.e. Traveling ,


carrying goods etc.

•Ram and scram type of jet engine used in only in defence sector.
Because it travels at supersonic speed and generally high level of training
is required.

•Since it travels at such a speed it is can not used for travelling. •So that

common type of jet engines are very common in use.


References

□ www.google.com
□ www. wikipedia.
com
□ www.studymafia.org
THANKS

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