ARAB ACADEMY FOR SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY AND MARITIME TRANSPORT

College of Management & Technology

ANSWER BOOK
:Department Marketing

:Course / Code Principles of Management II/ MGT121E

:Start Time ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

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:Exam Time ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

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:Lecturer name Nouran Sheir

:Student Name Omar mahmoud ahmed el rafie

Registration
19107802
:Number

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Number of Answer papers attached with the cover page: 4
Managers are individuals who set the organization objectives and help
individuals so as to achieve these objectives. Managers perform four
primary capacities which are Planning, Organizing, Leading, and
Controlling. In this report we will talk about the significance of the each
capacity.

The first and most significant capacity is planning. Through the planning
procedure managers set the organization's objectives and which
methodologies will be utilized so as to accomplish these objectives. The
organizational objectives are composed by upper administration and
imparted to the workers to guarantee that everybody inside the
organization gets them. The planning procedure enables the managers
in numerous manners as it to give a system that the managers follow
and this aides in the dispersion of work, it likewise lessen vulnerability so
every assignment performed will profit the organization, and it
additionally sets the standers of the controlling procedure. Individuals
consistently botch objectives for plans; the thing that matters is truly
basic as plans are reported blueprints of how objectives will be
cultivated while objectives are results that the organization needs to
accomplish. Objectives are isolated into two primary classifications
which are Financial Goals and Strategic objectives. While plans come in
such a large number of structures, plans are grouped by numerous
perspectives, for example, time period, it partition plans into two kinds
present moment (gets ready for one year or less) and Long-term
(designs more than three years), claim to fame , it incorporate two sorts
directional (general plans that incorporate the layout of objectives) and
Specific( designs that are clear and define for explicit objectives and it
incorporates how everything ought to be done and when to do it), and
recurrence of utilization, it incorporate Single-use (designs that are
made for novel circumstances) and standing (designs that give bearings
to exercises that are do much of the time).
There are three methodologies for defining objectives. The main
methodology is Traditional Goal setting, this methodology depends on
the idea that top administration recognizes what is best for the
organization and just them are the ones fit for defining objectives,
objectives are set by top managers and afterward fell to bring down
levels as sub-objectives in this technique objectives as a rule lose
clearness and are not satisfactory for lower levels. The subsequent
methodology is called MBO, in this methodology the objective are
composed in the wake of getting the understanding of all degrees of
representatives and it incorporate likewise there execution assessment
gauges. This methodology function admirably in organizations since it
inspires workers, submits top managers, and gives the representatives
since of association. The third methodology is the elegantly composed
objectives, objectives are composed as results as opposed to exercises, it
expresses that objectives must be quantifiable, testing yet achievable,
recorded, and imparted to all levels.

The subsequent capacity is organizing, it is the set up of the

organizational structure that and set up that will help in the
achievement of objectives. The principle motivation behind organizing is
partitioning work among the representatives so everybody knows
precisely what they have to do, it separates work into offices each
division is liable for a specific objective, organizing additionally build up
formal line of power. The organizing procedure is controlled by the
organization choice around six components. The principal component is
departmentalization: it implies that the work will be separated into
explicit errands and each gathering of individuals will be mindful about a
particular part in which they work in a joint effort with different
gatherings or divisions; offices can be partitioned dependent on
capacities performed, geological territories, items delivered, procedure,
and sort of clients. The subsequent component is work specialization, it
implies that each worker will be had practical experience in doing just
one assignment and he will do nothing else. The third component is
hierarchy of leadership; it is the line of power and who should answer to
whom. The fourth component is the range of control it's just what
number of workers a chief should control, the range of control vary from
an individual to the next as indicated by his aptitudes and capacities to
job additionally the representatives abilities have an influence of the
range of control. The fifth component is centralization (degree to which
dynamic is worried at the top administration it likewise includes not
engaging the representatives) and decentralization (how much lower-
levels have the position to settle on choices and it includes enabling the
utilizes). The last component is Formalization, it is the level of which the
organization is normalized and the workers stream exacting jobs, this
parts the organizations into two sorts 1) robotic organization, which is an
organization that isn't adaptable with the representatives and rules are
carefully followed; it likewise has long hierarchy of leadership and
limited range of control, in other word the unthinking organization is an
organization that follow the old design the executives style. 2) Organic
organization, it is an adaptable organization with wide range of control
and data are gotten to by all the individuals over the organization aside
from the classified data, likewise they engage their workers. Organizing
additionally incorporates setting the organization graph, it remembers
the entirety of the individuals for the organization and which positions
they have it encourages the organization to take the correct choice with
regards to advancing workers and it reveals to them which
representative is going to resign so they will begin searching for
alternatives and in the event that they need to recruit and insider they
realize will have the option to choose without any problem.

The third capacity is leading, and it incorporates the administrative

practices done so as to protect that the representatives are progressing
in the direction of accomplishing the organization objectives. All
together for the supervisor to be a viable pioneer he should have a few
aptitudes a portion of these abilities are: acceptable listening aptitudes
(as he work with individuals and he needs to hear them out and their
issues supposing that they face any trouble he will have the option to
support them), can compel his feelings on others, and can direct
standards. There are a few chiefs whom are magnetic and this makes
them much progressively incredible ones a portion of the qualities they
should have are: the capacity to underscore with others, high certainty,
and the capacity to work under any situation. The leading capacity
additionally requires the pioneer to be a spark so the representatives
will carry out the responsibility in the most ideal manner conceivable
and they will be faithful to the organization. So as to have the option to
inspire individuals managers must comprehend their representatives
well and skill each is persuaded. For instance a few representatives are
spurred by cash so he should give those rewards and advantages; others
may need a decent workplace so he should be companion with them. A
worker should feel that his work is refreshing for this situation an
acknowledgment occasion will rouse him/her that is the reason it's
significant for an administrator to comprehend the requirements of
his/her representatives so as to be a helper.

The fourth and last capacity is controlling, it is the way toward

observing, contrasting, and amending work. The controlling procedure
incorporate three phases: the principal stage require the social occasion
of information and the estimating of genuine execution, the subsequent
advance is contrasting the real execution and the measures which were
put during the planning procedure, and the third step is taking remedial
activities on the off chance that anything is turning out badly. Controlling
is significant in light of the fact that it safeguards that the work done is
great and corresponding with the settled upon objectives and
methodologies. In the controlling procedure the information that are
accumulated can emerge out of various sources, for example, individual
perceptions, measurable reports, oral reports (assembled from oral
criticisms), and composed reports. After the data is accumulated they
are contrasted and the standard objectives in the event that they are
inside the worthy range this implies no restorative moves should be
made, if the exhibition is out of the adequate range the activity is
required; when it's lower than the range then quick activity is required
yet when it's higher than the range essential activity is required just to
know why this occurred and on the off chance that it can assist them
with increasing the presentation later. There are three techniques
utilized for controlling: 1) feed forward, it's a control that foresee the
potential issues and their answer so if an issue start during work it won't
influence it, 2) simultaneous control, it's controlling work while it's being
done, 3) Feedback control, it's control that is taken after the movement
is done and the information are put away to assist the organization with
preventing the issues at whatever point a similar action is done once
more. The enacts are controlled as well as the money (timing of salary
and costs) and data (to ensure that the correct data are given at the
opportune time) are controlled.