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Express Publishing .
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WORKBOOK
Teacher ' s

Virginia Evans - Neil O’Sullivon

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.. I “I‘m“,

Express Publishing
Published by Express Publishing in 2001

liberty House, New Greenham Park, Newbury,

Berkshire RGI9 6HW
Tel.: (0044) 1635 817 363
Fax: (0044) 1635 817 463
e-mail: [email protected]
http: //www.expresspublishing.co.uk

© Virginia Evans - Neil O’Sullivan, 2001

Design and Illustration © Express Publishing, 200]

First published 2001

Fourth impression 2010

Made in EU

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced,

stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form, or by any
means, electronic, photocopying or otherwise, without the prior
written permission of the publishers.

This book is not to be changed in any way.

ISBN 978-1-84216-716-8

Acknowledgements

Authors' AcknoMedgements

We would like to thank all the staff at Express Publishing who have contributed their skills to producing this book. Thanks
for their support and patience are due in particular to: Megan Lawton (Editor in Chief), Stephanie Smith and Sean Todd
(senior editors), Michael Sadler and Andrew Wright (editorial assistants), Richard White (senior production controller),
the Express design team, and Kevin Harris, David Smith, Timothy Forster, Steven Gibbs, Eric Simmons and Eric Taylor.
We would also like to thank those institutions and teachers who piloted the manuscript, and whose comments and
feedback were invaluable in the production of the book.

Colour Illustrations: Nathan, Chris © Express Publishing, 200]

While every efiort has been made to trace all the copyright holders, if any have been inadvertently overlooked the publishers
will be pleased to make the necessary arrangements at the first opportunity.
 Contents

Busy Days ................................................................................................ p.

What a Story! .......................................................................................... p. 10

On the Move ............................................................................................ p. 16

Out and About ......................................................................................... p. 22

Tasty Treats.................................................................
p. 28

All Work and No Play ............................................................................... p. 34

Nature's Warning ...................................................................................... p. 42

One Good Turn Deserves Another .,................................................................ p. 48

A Healthy Mind in a Healthy Body ............................................................... p. 54

Our Changing World ................................................................................. p. 60

Click on Grammar

UNIT I Present Simple, Adverbs of Frequency, Present Continuous, Relatives, Relative

Clauses, Like — As ..................................................................................... p. 66
UNIT 2 Past Simple, Past Continuous, Personal Pronouns, Possessives, The Possessive
p. 72
Case .............................................................................

UNIT 3 Present Perfect, Ever - Never, Already — Yet -— Just, For — Since, Present Perfect
Continuous, Prepositions of Movement .......................................................... p. 78
UNIT 4 Comparatives, Superlatives, Past Perfect, Past Perfect Continuous, Clauses
of Purpose ............................................................................................... p. 84
UNIT 5 Countable / Uncountable Nouns, Will — Going to, Reflexive Pronouns,
Conditionals Type 0 and Type 1, Result Clauses ............................................. p. 90
UNIT 6 Infinitive — -ing Form, Modal Verbs, Tenses of the Infinitive, Must - Can’t
(assumptions) ............................................................................................ p. 98
UNIT 7 The Passive, Shall — Will/Would ................................................................. p. 106
UNIT 8 Question Tags, Short questions, Reported Speech, Could — Was able to ............
p. 112
UNIT 9 Reported Questions, the Imperative, Reporting the Imperative, Exclamations ....... p. 118
UNIT IO Efinditionals Type 2 and Type 3, Wishes, So — Neither — Nor — None — Either —
122

Irregular Verbs........................................................................................................ p. 128

Progress Tests ......................................................................................................... p. 129
Suggested Answers Section and Tapescripts ........................................................ p. 151
 b) Use the prompts below to say what each
person does.
0 investigate crimes 0 conduct an orchestra
0 run an office 0 carry out scientific
0 perform tricks research

Busy Days 0 take pictures

0 make bread and cakes
0 play musical instruments
(See p. 152)
c) Which of these people Work outdoors/
indoors/both? Which iobs are Well-paid?
(See p. 152)
Vocabulary Which involve travelling?
2 a) Match the iobs to the qualities. Then make
] a) Look at the pictures. Use the suffixes -er, sentences, as in the example, giving reasons
-or, -ian, -r, -ist to write each person’s iob. for your choice. You can use your OWn ideas.

JOBS QUALITIES
[Suggested answers)
nurse caring
photographer creative ’ creative
OCCUrCIi e
actress entertaining °
police officer brave 0 brave
— ~— w accountant accurate 0 entertaining
photograph photographer magic magician clown energetic 0 observant
scientist observant 0 patient
teacher patient 0 confident
dentist confident 0 polite
secretary accurate 0 energetic
shop assistant polite e caring
firefighter brave

A nurse has to be caring because she treats sick

PeoPle. (Seep. 152)
conduct conductor b) Which of the above iobs would you
choose to do? Why? Use the prompts as
Well as your OWn ideas.
0 highly-paid 0 (not) well-paid 0 part-time 0 full-time
0 regular hours 0 interesting 0 satisfying
I think I would like to be a teacher. It’s nice to
work with children and / am patient. Teachers are
well-paid and they work regular hours. I think it’s
an interesting [0b. (See p. 152)
bake baker
3 Circle the correct response.
1 A: Shall I apply for the job?
B:@ Why not?
b Wish me luck.
2 A: See you, then.
B:@ See you.
b lbet.
3 A: ls the lab still available?
B: a When?
manage manager inspect inspector ® Oh, yes.
 4 A: How long does it take you to get to school? Complete the sentences with Mo to four
B: 0 Oh, it's not far. words, including the Word in bold.
© About fifteen minutes.
5 A: Can you speak any foreign languages? Will you check my homework quickly and tell
B: @ I speak German, me if I've made any mistakes?
b But I don't have much experience. look Will you look through my
6 A: Do you work long hours? homework and tell me if l’ve made
B: @ Yes. I often do overtime at weekends. any mistakes?
b I'm doing overtime. My neighbour takes care of my cat when l'm on
holiday.
You Work as a manager and have to after My neighbour looks after my cat
interview somebody who has applied for a when I’m on holiday.
secretarial post. Use the prompts below to If I don't know a word,| find it in the dictionary.
ask questions, as in the example. up If I don’t know a word,I look it up in
the dictionary.
0 experience 0 skills 0 fully qualified The detective is investigating the crime.
0 married 0 overtime (See p. T52) looking The detective is looking into the
5
crime.
Have you got experience as a secretary?
0—0

Will you help me try to find my keys?

look Will you help me look for my keys?
5 Fill in the correct Word.

0 shift 0 suspect 0 patrol 0 quality

Which of the following best describes your
0 licence 0 worth
teacher/boss? Give reasons, as in the
In busy city centres policemen are on patrol all example.
day.
0 patient 0 understanding 0 creative
The new Stephen King novel is well worth
0 knowledgeable 0 confident 0 dedicated
reading.
A driving instructor requires an instructor’s Our teacher always helps us with our questions
licence to work. because she’s very patient. (See p. l 5 2 )
CDs offer high quality sound.
Kate had to work night shift all week. 9 You are interviewing a telephone operator.
The police arrested an armed suspect yesterday Use who, when, how often, how much,
evening. what, where, what time, etc to ask him as
many questions as possible, as in the
Choose the correct Word to fill in the example, about:
sentences.
e‘ii‘tsrrttafly
0 harm 0 hurt
0 Be careful with that knife!I don’t want you to fi 'ifltine
hurt yourself. ‘ilfiiffree-time
b Drinking a small amount of coffee won't do nativities
you any harm. ° his Work
(pros & con
0 work 0 job qualities
I've got a lot of work to do this morning. needed)
Tony has got a new job. 0 his family
° his wages
0 worth 0 value
a This necklace is worth almost 521,000.
b l don't know the exact value of this vase. What time do you usually get up? (See p. l 5 2 l

0 hear 0 listen Give five words/phrases to describe each of

a Ssh! I want to listen to this news report. the following: iob qualities — daily routines —
b Speak up! Ican’t hear you. free-time activities. (See p. 152)5
] 1 Replace the words in bold with their b) What are you/your family doing now?
synonyms from the list. . (See p. l 5 2 )

0 ordinary 0 creative 0 well-mannered 1 4 Put the verbs in brackets into the present
0 brave 0 sad simple or the present continuous.
l Steven is very polite. He is never rude to : Are you studying (you/study) tonight?
anyone. well-mannered : Yes, I want (want) to do well in my finals.
2 This film is really depressing. I can't stop crying. : Do Sue and Alan work (Sue and Alan/work)
sad long hours?
3 Cheryl writes wonderful stories. She's very Not really, but they often do (do) overtime.
imaginative. creative : IsJulie meeting Uulie/meet) us for lunch?
4 Having a cold is quite common. It’s nothing to I'm not sure. I don’t think (not/think) so.
worry about. ordinary : What time does the train leave (the train/
5 I think firefighters are extremely daring. brave leave) for Manchester?
At half past five.

o:
: What does Mark do (Mark/do)?
Grammar He is (be) a milkman. He delivers (deliver)
(”NOD-i
milk.
1 2 Fill in: do, does, is, are, have, has. 6 A: Where is John staying (John/stay)?
B: Today? At the Milton Hotel.
l Does Steve work as a barber?
2 Jane has got a lot of work at the office; that's
why she’s doing overtime. ] 5 Use adverbs of frequency to talk about
3 Are Andy and Bob going on a skiing trip next yourself. How often do you: clean your
month? room? Watch the news? travel? play
4 Jason and Laura are too busy to listen to my computer games? go to the cinema/theatre?
problems. play golf? go to the gym? cook your own
5 Have you got experience as a ski instructor? food? (See p. l52)
6 Je_n’r\ifer is looking after my plants while I’m
away. 1 6 Fill in: who, which, whose or where.
7 Do hairdressers have to work long hours?
A mechanic is a person who repairs cars.
_I

8 I think you are fully qualified for this job.

2 Janet is the girl whose brother is a vet.
George works for a company which manufacture
(:0

] 3 a) Which of these do you do every day? cars.

What’s the name of the actress whose husband
.b

Make sentences about you and your family,

using adverbs of frequency, as in the is Brad Pitt?
example. That’s the shop where| buy my clothes.
__—
Laura met a man who owns a cafe.
That’s the hospital where my father works.
e do? the washing”?‘ Can you give me the book which is on the top
. walk to school/watts shelf?
. take the bus/ridiinTtéf The man who lives next door is a singer.
5'0

scl‘tOOl/‘NGVJ< A lawn mower is a machine which we use to cut

- water the plants grass.
0 make lunCh/dlnfiéi
0 Watch TV
1 7 Use who, which, whose, where to give
0 listen to music
definitions for the following:
I do the shopping. _
My mum usually does l 9 play footballitemti’e:
0 library 0 basket 0 glasses 0 supermarket
the washing-up, butl 0 bicycle 0 lifeguard 0 teacher
never do. My dad (See p. l 5 3 )
sometimes does it, too. (See p. 152)
 I

an.
:uu.

Reading
.....

1 9 a) Read the article and cho

ose the most suitable
1 8 a) look at the pictures be heading from the list (A-E) for
low and the title of each part (14).
the article in Ex. 19a. What do There is one heading that you do
you think it not need to use.
is ab out?
(See p. 153) A Discover the world
b) Have you ever seen any of B Meet the animals
the animals in
the pictures below? When? Wh C Feeding time For humans
ere? Are
there any parks for wild animals D Getting around
in your
country? E Wild creatures
{See p. 153)
“1" ”1' 4'". C
. . v . ‘-v~
a ".2.
. ,v J ' ,-..
. ,l .’. .
. .u .‘
.‘uq l _ ‘ , . hw
.
,, ,
. C
' ., . "
.
"3.:
.ISCOVBI’ '2.500‘»anirn'ais andfsome..9fithe~wi_i§é Er‘
{iii},a,t~wmpsriadi%wi}d.i\nimal Patti? 4433??"
J D

-' ieptiants pass hygrktttfi

1”
-'5."&'.:2)" ‘;,-' you are in the Antarctic
r -'1
c) Guessing game. Can your
classmates
guess which animal you’re de
scribing? Use
Words from the table below to
describe the
animals in the picture, or an
y other animals
you can think of.
carnivore big, small, body, ears,
he rbi vo re heavy, legs, cla ws ”
bird sharp, long, beak, arms,§ b) Read the article again and
mammal endangered thin, thick, match the
scales, fur, ‘ words in bold to their synonym
rep tile species short, s below.
fea the rs,
insect colourful, -walk in a slow, relaxed way
wings, head,
wild animal dark, bright, tee th, tai -to be at the same height as
l,
strong neck photos, snapshots
A: If is a mammal ant:l a - l y i n g in the sunshine
herbivore. It has got -express
long arms and dark fur. your wonder/admiration
B: Is it a chimp? - t r a v e l through on a steam tra
in
A: Yes, that’s right. -w an de rin g around freely
etc (See p. L53) attack
 Communication W r i t i n g (an informal letter
(job interview) talking about your job)
20 0) Fill in: what (x2), why, when. a) Read the letter below and fill in the gaps
(A-E) with the topic sentences (1-5).
A: Well, Mrs Simpson,1) why do you want to work
for Tayne Trading?
1 My daily routine is quite different now!
B: Because it's a large company which offers good
2 I really like my job!
career opportunities.
3 I'd better go now.
: | see. 2) What experience do you have in sales?
4 Hil How's everything going?
I have three years’ experience as a sales assistant.
5 Being an estate agent is quite difficult.
: 3) When would you be able to start work?
Any time after lstJuly.
Dear Amy,
: Good. Do you have any questions?
-I thought I’d drop you a line to tell you
Yes. Could you tell me 4) what the salary is?
I ’ v e got a brilliant new job. I ' m working as an
: It’s £ l ,500 a month.
estate agent for a large firm. The people are
That sounds fine. Thank you.
friendly and I really enjoy the work.
I get up at seven o’clock because I have to be
b) Now use the prompts to act out similar
at work by 8:30. It’s not easy, I can tell you! In the
dialogues.
mornings, I work in the office. I make
appointments, talk to customers and write reports
about the houses that people want to sell. I prefer
the afternoons, though, because then I take people
to see houses. I usually finish work at five o’clock,
but I sometimes work extra hours at weekends. I
don’t mind, because it’s an interesting job.
-I have to be very persuasive to make.
people interested in buying the house and I need
INTERVIEWER INTERVIEWEE - to be confident to speak to people I don’t know.
Why/work for us? What qualities/reqmred? It’s certainly not a job for shy people! I also
married/single? How much/be earnmg? have to be quite organised and punctual and
What/ experience? What/workinghours/111cc? make sure I meet customers on time.
When/ star t work? need/ work overtime? It’s great to be able to find the perfect house
for customers, and the look on people ’5 faces when
(See p. l53) they find their dream home makes me really happy.
-I hope you can visit me soon. I look
Listening forward to hearing all your news. Write soon!
.,

Love,
2 1 Q Y o u will hear a man, Mike, and a
Tracey
Woman, Kate, talking about Work. For
statements 1-6 tick (I) Yes if the statement is
true and No if it is false.
Yes No b) Now read the letter again and ansWer
l Mike doesn’t think being a vet is the questions below.
rewarding at all. D M i In which paragraph does the sender state her
2 Farmers sometimes call Mike reason for writing? What is the reason for writing?
unnecessarily. El 2 How many paragraphs does the main body
3 Zoo animals are difficult to work consist of? What is each paragraph about?
with when they’re ill. l:l 3 What tense is used to describe the writer’s iob
4 Kate is a trainee vet. l:l M routine?
5 The farmers know more about (See p. l 5 3 )
animals than Mike. El M
6 Kate is a bit iealous of Mike. lZl l:l
 nigger:
E55555;

23 Which of the phrases below are opening 25 Match the qualities (1-3) needed to be a
remarks (OR) and which are closing remarks good ski instructor to the reasons (a-c), then
(CR)? Mark them, as in the example. Which make sentences, as in the example.
of them could you use to replace the phrases
in bold in the letter in Ex. 220? (See p. 153) patient a spend all day skiing
responsible b teach people a new skill
0 Well, I'd better go and do some work. CR
0 The reason I’m writing is OR
fit c make sure that there are
CR no accidents
0 I can’t wait to hear from you.
0 Hi! How are you? Sorry I haven’t written l-b You need to be patient to teach people a new skill.
for so long but I’ve been very busy OR (See p. l 5 3 )
0 Well, that’s all my news. CR 2 6 Here are some things that a ski instructor
0 Write back soon. CR likes or dislikes about his/her (oi ‘ 7j
0 Drop me a line and tell me all your news. CR
0 I’m writing to tell you OR
o teach people how to ski '
0 I hope you're well. CR
o the looks on their faces when
0 Sorry I haven’t written sooner, but OR
they ski down the slope for
the first time 9
0 people who think they know
verything 0
When we write a letter to a friend telling him/her about our
(ob we can divide it into five paragraphs. We start with Now use the phrases in the boxes below to
Dear+ our friend’s first name. In the introduction, we write make sentences, as in the example.
our opening remarks and the reasonls) for writing. In the
second paragraph, we describe our job routine using the (@ Likes )- (@Dislikes
simple present tense. In the third paragraph, we write about
the qualities that are needed for this job. In the fourth — Ilike (+ -ing) -— (What)|hate(is)
paragraph, we write about our feelings (i.e. what we — Whatl like mostis — (What) I can’t stand (is)
like/don't like about our (ob). In the conclusion, we write - The bestthing is
our closing remarks and we sign off our letter with — Unfortunately,
love,/Yours,/Best wishes,/etc + our first name.
Ilike teachingpeople how to ski. (See p. I 53)
Note: In friendly letters we normally write in an
informal style by using: 27 You have found 0 (ob as a ski instructor at a
0 everyday vocabulary (e.g. /can’t wait) ski resort. Write a letter to a friend
0 colloquial expressions/idioms (e.g. drop me describing your job routine, the qualities
a line) needed for this (ob and your feelings about it
0 phrasal verbs (e.g. get up) (150-180 words).
0 short forms (eg. It’s, /’m etc)
Use the plan below and the ideas in Exs. 23-
24 Use the prompts below to describe a ski 26 to write your letter. You can also use the
instructor’s iob routine. letter in Ex. 22a as a model.
1 3
. _, . 'é‘l’ar‘l‘ Work/fen o'olw (See p. I 5 3 )
rgj.
”innings
7'
hat/o -ov lecgonswl‘fh‘b‘o “‘nno
' 0' show how +0 ad on fla‘l’land
Introduction
<37 I ...-‘ f
(Para I ) opening remarks/reasons(s/ for writing
EL 0 hat/6 DY‘lVa‘l' W ., Main Body
$7M!
- all‘ llll ' 3dVanlo'od skie’ r;
‘ llls rc
'1
rog
(Para 2) describe [ob routine
g ' Chow/more complicated foohm (Para 3) qualities needed
(Para 4) feelings about the [ob
as

' finish- work/about git o’oloak. 7

firewalls» Conclusion
(Para 5) closing remarks
(See p. I53)
 2 Choose the correct Word to fill in the
sentences, then say what is being described
in each sentence, as in the example.
1 0 shook 0 collapsed 0 struck

What a Story! 2
When it struck at 5 pm, the ground shook and
many buildings collapsed. (= earthquake)
0 roots 0 lightning 0 winds
Extremely strong winds blew oil the roots of
Vocabulary several houses and at least two people were
struck by lightning. (= hurricane/storm)
] a) Match the pictures to the neWspaper 3 0 alarm 0 house 0 broken into
headings, then fill in the missing Words. When our house was broken into the alarm
immediately went off. l: burglary)
4 0 drowned 0 burst 0 rains
Vlioad
lttllllltlllllelosmm Ck collapses when A. Heavy rains caused the rivers to burst their banks
utermtslenttstlpw‘e earthquake strikes and many people drowned. (= flood)
5 0 gun 0 witness 0 cashier
Terrifying planecrash" l
Many left homeless-caused by pilot lasing! . One witness said a man carrying a gun told the
..atgter hurricane? ,eenuvl cashier to give him all the money. l= robbery)
hits coast .4 D II
I C I 2I 6 0 caught 0 smoke 0 bomb
, . _ “A: Careless smoking causes ml As soon as the bomb went off, the whole
Damagedrall tracks disastrous fire in building caught fire and thick smoke tilled the
result
crashm terrible train . . air. (= explosion)
apartment burlding ,
~ WLE .2 I. 3 Have you ever felt relieved? shocked?
l
proud? embarrassed? awful? frightened?
L l ”:1 l exhausted? Use these adiectives with the
‘ 2 prompts below to ask and ansWer questions,
772» i’
’ .i: w as in the example.
,/
0 broke best friend’s camera 0 car stolen
plane crash hurricane 0 travelled all night on a boat 0 passed all my
exams 0 lights went out during storm
ill - 0 rescued child from drowning 0 fell asleep
3 4 during a lesson

. shipwreck Have you ever felt relieved?

train crashL Yes, I have.
When?
When I passed all my exams.
5 "‘- ' 5.9. a [See p. l54)
Circle the correct response.

fire earthquake 1 A: There was a burglary in our neighbourhood

last night.
b) Talk about the neWspaper headlines, as B: 0 Just now.
in the example. @ Oh, my goodness!
2 A: They've finally caught the escaped prisoner.
Last weekend two people were lost at sea after a B:@ Well, that's a relietl
mysterious shipwreck. (See p 154) b What is it?
 A: Thanks for calling us. Why has Luke ended his relationship with
B: @ You’re welcome. Mary?
b Oh, no! up Why has Luke broken up with Mary?
A: Did you hear the news? Ted’s house burnt When I fainted, Tom helped me regain
down. consciousness by giving me a glass of water.
B: 0 What's wrong? brought When I fainted, Tom brought me
@ What caused it? (a)round by giving me a glass of water.
A: We almost drowned in a boating accident Why don't you mention the subject during the
yesterday. meeting?
B: @ Well, at least you're safe now. bring Why don't you bring up the subject
b I can see. during the meeting?
The council would like to introduce changes to
a) Match the Words in column A to the the parking laws.
Words in column B. about The council would like to bring about
changes to the parking laws.
A B
l laugh with f a fire Grammar
2 come to e b in horror 1
3 give i c abroad 7 Complete the text with the past simple of the
4 freeze b d in fright verbs in the list.
5 lose 9 e ' an end
6 climb h f relief
7 travel c 9 control
8 catch a h aboard
9 jump d i a warm welcome

b) Now use the phrases to complete the

sentences below. There are three phrases
you do not need to use.
0 carry 0 burst 0 leave 0 travel 0 beg
i The rescue team helped the shipwreck victims 0 see 0 decide 0 hear 0 find 0 teach
to climb aboard the boat.
2 We waited at the airport to give a warm One day, a young Bedouin man called Ali
welcome to the survivors. i ) heard that traders were coming to his town. He
3 It is very easy for motorcyclists to lose control 2) decided to join their caravan, which 3) carried
on wet roads. spices across the Sahara. When his mother 4) found
4 The crowd hoped the thunderstorm would out, she 5) begged him not to leave. But Ali 6) left
come to an end soon. the next morning.He 7) travelled by camel and
5 The loud noise made the children jump in fright. 8) saw beautiful towns. The traders 9) taught him
6 One of my biggest dreams when l was young everything about the desert. The following year, Ali
was to travel abroad. )0) burst into his mother's kitchen, carrying gifts and
exotic spices.
c) Make sentences with the phrases you
didn’t use.
(See p. l54)

Complete each sentence with two to four -8 Underline the correct item.

words, including the Word in bold. i Yesterday,| gitup/was getting up early and
caught/was catching the bus.
When Sue heard the news about the accident 2 The team was still training/still trained for the
she lost control and started crying. match at 8 o'clock in the evening.
broke When Sue heard the news about the David was chatting/chatted on the phone while
accident she broke down and started I was trying/tried to get through.
crying.
ll
 4 Joanna read/was reading a book when her brother started/was A: When was Bobby Marcus
starting playing the electric guitar. riding his bicycle?
5 He was climbing/climbed Mount Everest in 1967. B: On Frida ni ht.
6 The rocket was landing/landed on Mars and the astronauts y 9 (See p. l 5 4 )
were collecting/collected mineral samples. 1 2 0) Use the adjectives in the
7 My grandmother planted/was planting roses in the garden while list to describe the pictures,
I pulled/was pulling out the weeds. as in the example.
8 I received/Was receiving Peter’s letter last week. 0 green
0 black
Use the prompts to say what the people were doing at 6 Oileather

o’clock last Sunday, as in the example. ".r0und

0-proud
it] l7 2 Tohn's dad/paint/ 1 0,
red
‘ door of the cottage l
9 blue
'0 large
. ' delicious
.10 white
Y"
beautiful 6 -‘ ~;
'9‘ brown ''
ficasual
l girls eat/
watermelon .. 0 Wooden‘
._ _ _ “_"—T\. . .4“
0 cotton
3 Samantha/teach/J ,“4
l‘.
Mike's grandfather/ )
dog/new tricks , rake/leave!s
It's a proud black eagle with a
l A: What were the girls doing at 6 white head and chest.
(See p. l54)
o’clock last Sunday?
B: They Were eating watermelon. b) Guessing Game. Look
around you and choose an
(See p. l 5 4 )
item to describe. Can your
1 0 Look at the note John's boss left for him, then ask and classmates guess what
ansWer questions, as in the example. you’re describing?

John, A : It’s brown and it's made o f

leather.
Can you please do the following before I get back to the office?
B: Is it a schoolbag?
0 fax the reports to Tokyo V
A : Yes, it is.
arrange business lunch with Mr Adams I/ (55' own answers)
type letters X
1 3 Underline the correct item.
cancel 2 pm meeting X
book tickets to Warsaw 1/ l My mother checked to see if
pick up clothes from dry cleaner's X everything was switched off
Thanks, before/while we left.
Ms Lipton 2 The fans were having a good
time at the concert while/Lit“
A: Did John fax the reports to Tokyo? the storm began.
B: Yes, he did. (See p. 154) 3 Everyone left the campsite
M/while they heard about
'l 'I Read the extract and use when, where, what, whyto ask and the bush fires.
answer questions, as in the example. 4 fl/While the play, the
audience gave the leading
Ten-year-old Bobby Marcus from Surrey was thrown off his bicycle on actress a bouquet of flowers.
Friday night.He was riding along West Terrace when a car hit him. 5 You should always brush your
The driver said that he didn’t see him because of the thick fog. teeth while/km going to bed.
Fortunately, the young boy escaped serious iniury. 6 My friends and I sometimes go
 for pizza after/ until school.
8 Peter cut his hand until/wh
7 l always listen to music while/until I'm ile he was preparing
ironing . the salad.

. a In?!"

£4 a) Look at the pictures and them], and? . 7 ,

, g, 32q L595-EEQU‘LQdQum ;, . 1; , If]. :3 guess what happened.
WW!” ’mg‘fi-w ‘ ""i - _

When Chris and Lizzie won a holiday competition,

they couldn't believe their luck. They flew to Maputo,
where they met their African guide, Sisa. Sisa drove
them in his jeep to the green banks of the great
Limpopo River. They climbed into a small wooden
canoe and began an adventure they would never
forget.
The canoe glided silently through the Limpopo's slow-
moving water. Relaxing, Chris and Lizzie looked at all
the interesting riverside plants and trees, and the
colourful birds which flew across the river. They felt like
great explorers in an unknown land.
Just then, an enormous grey crocodile slithered down
the muddy bank and slid into the water. The faint
splash made Lizzie iump. ”Don't worry, Lizzie," Sisa
said. "There are plenty of crocodiles around, but they
are not a danger to us.” But Lizzie was right to feel
nervous; a minute later they noticed not one, but at
least ten other crocodiles swimming towards the
canoe!
Plunging his oar into the water, Sisa quickly began
rowing the canoe away from danger but the
crocodiles followed. Chris grabbed the other oar and
started to beat the water furiously, trying to scare them
off. The narrow boat rocked dangerously, causing
Lizzie to scream in panic. Suddenly, they were
surrounded by a dozen pairs of snapping iaws which
crunched and smashed both oars to pieces. Now
there seemed to be no escape!
At that moment, a large fishing boat appeared.
Hearing the terrified cries of the people in the canoe,
the boat’s captain realised what was happening,
Immediately, he ordered his crew to throw some of the . - .
T’ ' H . _ _ , . _ >.

fish they had caught that day back into the river. c) P"l "‘9 events “T 3 con“? order, then use
Smelling the fish, the crocodiles swam towards the the Prompts and the pictures to tell the story,
middle of the river, where a much easier meal was : . .
waiting for them. Thanks to the captain’s quick The captain 0f 0 fiShmg boat came to their
thinking, Sisa and his friends were rescued just in time. rescue,
The crocodiles attacked, so Chris and Sisa
Safely on board the fishing boat, Chris pulled two tried to keep them away.
rather wet postcards from his pocket. Smiling, he said, C l Chris and Lizzie met Sisa.
"At least we have a story to tell our friends back in D
England.” ”That’s for sure," Lizzie replied, "but do you 2 They Went 0 " 0 canoe ride.
think they'll believe us?” E 5 They were all safe on the fishing boat.
__.__._!-—
(Seep-154i 13
 3 How does the woman react to the man's advice?
Communication (talking A gratefully
about an accident) doubtfully
1 5 a) Put the conversation in the right order. C ironically
4 How does the woman feel now?
How awful! What did you do? ® happy that she survived
Wow! You're a hero! B still frightened
El Hi! How was your weekend? C upset because her house was destroyed
Oh, no! Did it crash?
That was brave of you.
[I How many people were inside the car? W r i t i n g (third-person narrative)
Why? happened?
What
Well, l was driving home from a party when a
car went past me, out of control.
Ididn't think about it. I just did what I had to do.
It was certainly exciting.
When we write a story, we begin by setting the scene
I called the ambulance on my mobile, then I he. we write when and where the story took place,
ran to the car.
who was involved in the story, what happened first
I. T h e r e were three people inside. I knew the car and/or what the weather was like].In the main body
might burst into flames, so I opened the door
{paras 2-4), we develop the story by describing what
and pulled them out.
happened in detail. We write the events in
E Yes.It left the road and hit a telephone pole. chronological order. To show the sequence of events
we use time words such as at first, then, while, when,
b) Imagine you witness the accident in the after, before, finally, etc.In the last paragraph we end
picture below. Use the questions and the the story by referring to people’s feelings, reactions or
prompts below to act out a similar dialogue. comments and the consequences of their actions. We
0 What happened? 0 What did you do? can use a variety of adjectives, adverbs and verbs to
° Was anyone injured? make the story more interesting. We normally use past
0 Did you call ? tenses in stories. We can use direct speech to make
our narration more lively. We can use present and
"' E b r i d g e / c o l l a p s e past participles to join two simple sentences into a
longer, more sophisticated one.

She opened the window. She saw a stranger

approaching.
Opening the window, she saw a stranger approaching.
She was excited. She set off for the party.
Excited, she set off for the party.
Listening
]6 Q You will hear some people talking about 1 7 Fill in the sentences with the past simple of
four different situations. For questions 1-4, the verbs in the list below, then match them
choose the best ansWer, A, B or C. to the pictures in Ex. 18.

1 Paul is talking about 0 go out 0 see 0 dig out 0 reach 0 begin

A a car crash. 0 follow 0 meet 0 pick 0 tell
a plane crash.
C a house fire.
The squirrel ran to the foot of a tree and
ildug out something half buried in the
2 Olivia was grateful to Stephen leaves.
A because he comforted her. The next morning, when Rosie 2) met her
for his sailing skills. next door neighbour, she 3) told him about
C for not being scared. her adventure in the woods.
l4
 Elllut
:lln:
. ..1. .. ..
I. l-l n.-.
n-...~

When Rosie 4) reached the cottage the sky was filled with 2" Join the sentences, using
clouds. present or past participles.
Rosie saw it was a torch, so she 5) picked it up and turned it
' on. 1 She began to panic. She cried
Very soon she was lost in the woods and she 6) began to out for help.
panic. Then she noticed a squirrel. _ 2 She looked more closely. She
When Rosie turned to go inside, she 7) saw a squirrel sitting noticed a squirrel.
on the s t o n e wall. 3 She bent down. She saw 0
She 8) went out into the wintry weather to explore the torch half buried in the leaves.
countryside. 4 She felt relieved. She ran
In Rosie 9) followed a path, and soon she could see the lights towards the little cottage,
of the village in the distance. happy to be s a f e at lost,
5 He thought about the last time
1 8 Look at the pictures. Which show(s): sb wearing a coat? a he had been in the woods. He
torch? a path? a squirrel digging in fallen leaves? a remembered that he had lost
cottage? What do you think the story is about? his torch.
(See p. l55) (See p. l55)

22 Use the plan below and your

answers in Exs.17-21 to
write a short story entitled
More than luck for a teen
magazine competition (120 -
180 Words). You can use the
story in Ex. 14 as a model.
‘ “’ ttitti'.
rullnri (See p. 155)

Introduction
(Para 1) set the scene (who,
when, where,
what)
) 9 Use the adiectives below to describe the nouns. Main Body
(Paras 2-4) deve/op the story
0 surrounding 0 dark 0 overgrown 0 wintry 0 stone 0 cute {describe what
happened, put
1 dark clouds 4 wintry weather events in
2 little stone cottage 5 surrounding countryside chronological
3 cute grey squirrel s overgrown path order)
Conclusion
(Final para) end the story
20 Fill in the sentences with the adverbs from the list below. (feelings, reactions,
. . comments,
0 qurckly ° thankfully 0 desperately 0 closely 0 hurriedly consequences)

1 Rosie unpacked her things 3 She cried out desperately for

hurriedly. help.
2 She didn't realise how 4 She looked more closely
quickly it got dark and very and noticed a squirrel.
soon she was lost in the 5 Rosie smiled thankfully.
woods.

15
 Illllll 9:
2 Match the words below to form as many
compound nouns as possible. What do you
need them for?

#wN—I
bag knife glasses clock money
I'-
Ove sun belt lotion pen rain
n e
suit coat sleeping wet
hiking alarm suntan boots

Vocabulary sleeping bag — You need a sleeping bag to sleep in

when you go camping.
a) What would you take with you if you (See p. l55l
went: on 0 business trip? on 0 two-week 3 Write the opposites, then make sentences
cruise? on a camping holiday? to a 5-star using them. '
hotel? Choose from the list. You can use
your own ideas. 1 cold at hot 5 cramped ¢ spacious
2 wet as dry 6 awful at wonderful
0 travel alarm clock 0 high-heeled shoes 3 cool a: warm 7 ugly ¢ beautiful
0 T-shirts 0 shorts 0 jumper 0 beach towel 4 rainy :1sunny 8 plain : elegant
0 traveller’s cheques 0 cool box 0 binoculars
0 camera 0 swimsuit 0 goggles It’s very hot in Africa.
° raincoat 0 trainers 0 sandals 0 suntan lotion (See p. l 5 5 )
0 insect repellent 0 cosmetics 0 driving licence 4 Fill in: compass, screens, binoculars, turned,
0 sunglasses 0 helmet 0 sunscreen 0 compass traffic, start, scenery, take, trip, round.
0 matches 0 flask 0 penknife 0 passport
0 hiking boots 0 money belt 0 sleeping bag You can take a flight over the Victoria Falls.
0 torch 0 first aid kit 0 mobile phone Use a compass to find your way.
Are you going on that rafting trip?
You can use binoculars to see things from a
distance.
5 You can choose to play a round of golf if you
want to.
6 We’ve been waiting for hours and she hasn’t
turned up yet.
7 You can enioy the breathtaking scenery from
the top.
8 ”Set off” means start.
9 Check the departure times on the screens.
10 They are late. They might have got stuck in
traffic.
If I Went on a business trip, I’d take my travel alarm 5 Find how these words are connected. Then
clock with me. (See p 15 5 ) make sentences, as in the example.
. . l 0 Asia 0 Africa 0 Australia continents
b) In pairs, ask and answer, as In the example.
2 0 department store 0 .[ e w e l l e r,s
A: Would you take a camera with you on 0 ° supermarket shops
business trip? 3 0 bike 0 train 0 aeroplane transport
B: No, [don’t think so. I’d have ,0 attend 4 0 caravan 0 chalet 0 guest house accommoda
meetings, so / don’t think I’d have any free 5 ° humid ° hOl ° mild climate
time to go sightseeing. 6 0 Paris 0 London 0 Madrid capital cities
Ubelz‘lcorllr k
A: Wold ' r'rh ?
3' Yes 0 Te 0.riayncoa WI you Asia, Africa and Australia are all continents.
. , seI Mlg [0]". (See P 155)
(See p. 155)
16
 6 Use the words related to the means of transport to make sentences, A: I hear Oxford is 0
as in the example. beautiful city.
.N 7/ lace B: @ That's what they say.
b Are you in Oxford
° conductor 0 coach station already?
0 passeng ers 0 station 0 passeng ers . bUS stop
0 driver . platform {r
A: Why don't you call the
travel agent?
B: a Can I help you?
@ Good idea — I'll do that.
A: Have you taken the car to
the garage?
B:@ Yes, I have.
b Yes, I've been there.
A: I've missed the bus!
nouns ‘I
B: a I thought you'd never
o compartment 0 derail e catch . tickets . get on/Off ask.
0 set off 0 wait
@ Would you like a lift?
. tracks . miss . get on/off ° luggage
Use the words in the list to
complete the text.
0 cyclist . cycle path 0 pilot 0 airport
0 passengers 0 departure 0 en suite 0 unforgettable
0 flight attendant_ . _ lounge 0 breathtaking
0 entrance 0 elegant
0 private 0 wide

"it? yen want. ta expérréfieé:

"the 1) breathtaking scenery *
0f the Rocky Mountains, 3
than we recommend you “
fly
0 helmet 0 gears 0 cycle 0 ride ° seatbelt 0 runway ' ' take Off ° land 'fet'ay at: Stone’s Bed ‘afldi .
0 brakes 0 wear 0 luggage rack ° check In ' fasten fireaktast. Gu’eete will
I always catch the 7: I 5 train to work. When I get to the station there enjoy the '2) elegant
are a lot of passengers on the platform. etc (See p. 155) accommodation of this-
‘rédecorated lodge. All
7 a) Name as many types of climate as you can think of.
(See p. 156)
rooms
:facilitiea
have» 5) en suite
anal a(n)
b) Use words from the list to talk about the climate where you live,
and in other countries you know about, as in the example. 4‘) private lounge with an,
open fire‘plaCe. The lodge"
0 hot 0 heavy rain 0 hot and humid 0 cool to cold at night iottere a(ri) 5) wide
0 wet 0 rainy 0 mild summers 0 cold winters variety of sparting’:
Sydney has a humid subtropical climate. It has hot summers and cool :aétivities and walks.» for _.
winters, with some rain all year round. (See p. 156) nature lovere. 6) Entrance
Face to Yellowstone
8 Circle the correct response. National Park are included
in the price. This will
1 A: How long have you been here? certainly I745, 2101)
B:@ Almost a week. 7) unforgettable trip far all
- b A month ago. the, fiamily.
2 A: Where can he be?
B: @ He must have got stuck in traffic. t 3”!
b No, he can’t.
17
 1 0 Fill in the gaps using the correct form of the 1 2 Underline the correct item.
word in brackets.
1 l Wait/expect the guests will arrive soon.
2 The hunter followed the bear’s footsteps/
footprints.
3 Jane didn't agree/accept our invitation to
_ dinner.
Dear Sally, The last/latest train left five minutes ago.
siafor
We have been travelling around Malay Using—a computer makes my head gch_e/pain.
ul (be auty)
ten days. It is a really 1) beautif

o~0¢\l0~011>
(tropic) Can you please c_t/break the onions?
country. We watched a 2) tropical How long/fgrjs York from here?
thunderstorm yesterday — it was the firs
t really
amved. I'll be with you short/shortly.
3) rainy (rain) day we have had since we Can you feid/eat the dog, please?
here.

—l
Have you seen the new announcement/
graphs.
Graham has been taking lots ofphoto advertisement for Pizza Giovanni?
et market.
We have also been shopping at a stre

001
l 1 He spent the all/whole day in the garden.
rea sonable
The price of souvenirs is quite 4)
m which
(reason). Paul bought a gift for his mu 1 3 Match the items to form phrases, then ask
e.
looks like a 5) priceless (price) antiqu questions with ever, as in the example.
avy).
Our hotel is quite 6) luxurious (he
biggest is
There are four swimming pools; the i dye d a sb names
d by exotic
7) circular (circle) and is surrounde 2 mow c b in public
from our
plants. We can see the Petronas Towers 3 go 9 c the lawn
ectacle)!
balcony. They are 8) spectacular (sp 4 chop h d your hair
call a e a prize
We don’t want to leave this lovelyplace!
5
6 win e f yourself out
Lots of love, 7 lack f g bungee-jumping
Adrienne 8 sing b h wood
A: Have you ever dyed your hair?
8: Yes, [have/No, Ihaven’t.
(See p. l 5 6 )

1 '| Complete the sentences with Mo to four

Words, including the word in bold. Grammar
1 Sarah recovered from the fall quickly because 1 4 Fill in: along, past, to, around, down,
she stayed in bed. through, at, over, up, from.
over Because she stayed in bed, Sarah got They've been cycling around Europe.
over the fall quickly. She lives in a big house at the top of the hill.
2 Brian found it difficult to manage on his Jim’s car broke down miles from the nearest
unemployment benefit every month. garage.
get Brian found it difficult to get by on his 4 We went for a lovely walk along the river
unemployment benefit every month. bank.
3 Alistair thought he wouldn't be punished for Does this bus go to the town centre?
breaking the window. He caused an accident when he went through
away Alistair thought he would get away with a red light.
breaking the window. The horse jumped over the hedge.
4 The mountain guide had to be out of bed by He walked past me and didn't even say
barn every day. ’Hello'.
up The mountain guide had to get up by 9 She ran down the street calling his name.
(Sam every day. 10 The fireman climbed up the tree to rescue the
frightened kitten.

18
‘I 5 The people below have gone Communication
camping.What have they
been doing since I I oc’lock
this morning? In pairs, act out 1 8 Complete the dialogue with phrases from the list. Draw a line
dialogues using the prompts which shows the route speaker A should follow.
below, as in the example.
0 turn left/right (again) 0 on the corner 0 on the left/right
0 Mr Rogers/put up/tent 0 go past 0 opposite 0 take the first turning 0 on/between
0 Mrs Rogers/prepare lunch 0 at the traffic lights 0 go along
0 Miss Simpson/sunbathe
0 Amy and Keith/swim/in lake
0 Jack and Gary/climb trees
0 Cindy/pick flowers TV ‘I , ,,
STUDIO
—I—I_ Gallery :r—Poizzas1’3: M]. .
31‘5”]
A: Is Mr Rogers putting up the
tent? MILTON STREET '
B: Yes, he has been putting up

1.33813 HOUIE
the tent since I 1 o’clock.
(See p. l56)

1 6 Put the verbs In brackets In

the correct form of the
present perfect simple or
present perfect continuous.

Scientists say they I ) have

discovered (discover) a new MUSEUM )
—| —]
LIBRARY
wonder drug that can help people
~_‘ ”x1”.
lose weight without having to diet
or take exercise. They 2) have been
testing (test) the drug on laboratory
LONDON RQAI? if
rats for the past year and say they '
Restaurant )3,”
Gr
eengrocer
3) have had (have) good results.
"We 4) have not started (not/start)
testing the drug on humans yet, but
it won’t be long before we do,”
said Professor Higgins.
Although research 5) has shownA: Excuse me. Can you tell me the way to Tony's Pizza, please?
B: Of course. I ) Go along London Road, then 2) turn right into Green
(show) that there may be a market
for the new wonder drug, dietician Street. 3) Turn right again into Park Lane, then 4) go along Park Lane.
Rosemary Connors is against the 5) Go past the park and Park Lane café, then 6) turn left into Birch
idea. She says, ”The only safe way Street. 7) Turn left again into Milton Street. Tony's Pizza is 8) on the
to lose weight b) has always been right, next to the art gallery.
(OIWays/be) a balanced diet and Thank you very much.
regular exercise."
In pairs, ask for and give directions to get to the following
17 Make sentences about places.
yourself using ever, never,
yet, for, since, just, already. 0 from the sports centre to Benii's Restaurant
0 from the library to the art gallery
Acapulco is the best place I’ve 0 from the post office to the theatre
ever
visited. (See p. l56)
(See p. 15(3)

19
 Reading ..u‘

1 9 a) Have you ever travelled abroad? hich placeslhave you vie tedi.7 hat do you know
history? What did you see/do there? What were the people like? (85' own answers}

JTE, l‘m ~ 5:!- ,

A There is water everywhere in Bali E The heavenly island of Bali is. set in the we
B Then, he drew a line in the sand. blue Java sea.
C There is no doubt about its charms. F But nothing remains a secret for long.
05:953.»
D _. I.“ beige; . 2-,. .1'9... .... “

perfect place for a re axing holiday;

c) Suggest synonyms/opposites for the words C This speaker dislikes hotels.

highlighted in the text. (See p. 156) D This speaker isn’t careful with her money.
d) Give three reasons why somebody should E This speaker never gives himself enough time to
visit Bali. (See P- 1 5 6 l prepare for a trip.
e) Why has the Writer written the article? Tick
l/l- _ _ _ 3peaker l El Speaker 3
Dto make Bali famous |:|to help the Balinese Speaker 2 Speaker 4
IZIto attract visitors to the island

Listening W r i t i n g (an article about a

You will hear four different speakers place)
talking about problems they have when
travelling. For speakers 1 - 4 choose from the a) Read the article and label the paragraphs
list A - E which statement applies to each (1-5) with the correct headings (A-E).
speaker. There is one extra statement that
you do not need to use. nightlife/restaurants
A This speaker always thinks she needs more than shopping
she actually does. things to see and do
B This speaker doesn't like making arrangements comments/recommendation
beforehand. name/location/reason for choosing it
 l.
Acapulco is a large town on the south-west 3 There are also many shops around Rome.
I coast of Mexico. With its warm climate and excellent There you can buy beautiful souvenirs. (where)
beaches, it is a popular resort and the perfect‘ 4 Rome has amazing music clubs. They are
destination for an unforgettable holiday. popular with young people. (which)
Agpulco has several tourist attractions which (See p. l 5 6 )
are worth visiting. Among these is Rocket Island in 23 0) Decide on your country’s most important
Acapulco Bay. Tourists can travel to Rocket Island on a 1 holiday resort and complete the spidergraph.
glass-bottomed boat and visit the island’s small zoo. Then, talk about the place, as in the example.
However, Acapulco's most famous tourist attraction is .
the amazing show offered at La Quebrada cliffs, location things to see/do
where professional divers leap from cliff ledges into -
:the
rough waters below.
There are plenty of places to go shopping in
Acapulco. There are large modern shops and small
boutiques. There are also several flea markets where
tourists can buy attractive Mexican blankets, iewellery
I and ornaments.
Nightlife in Acapulco is exciting. There are,a
lot of music and dance clubs which are extremely
popular with young people. The area is also well- .
. known for its fashionable restaurants, which offer a Rome is a historic city in centralItaly. (See p 156)
variety of dishes from around the world.
Ila Acapulco is a town that has something to offer b) Suggest appropriate topic sentences for
everyone.It is the ideal choice for an exciting break each paragraph, then use your notes to make
..8.W.Ct_'l
from home supporting sentences. (See P- 157)

I b) Underline the topic sentences in the main c) Choose phrases from the list to recommend
body paragraphs. Suggest other appropriate the place.
ones. Where could you read this article?
(See p. T56)
0 an excellent holiday resort
c) Suggest an appropriate title. 0 a visit to remember 0 a trip not to be missed
Come to Acapulco! Exciting Acapulco! 0 a perfect choice/an ideal place fora holiday
0 a great place for a relaxing break
(See p. l57)
24 Write an article for an international travel
When we write an article about a place we can divide it magazine describing your country’s most
into five paragraphs.In the introduction, we write the important holiday resort (120-180 Words).
name and location of the place and the reason for Use the plan below and your answers in Ex.
choosing it. In the second paragraph we describe the 22 and 23 to help you. You can use the
things we can see and do there.In the third paragraph article in Ex. 21 as a model. (See p. ( 5 7 )
we write about where we can go shopping, and in the
intern:
fourth paragraph we write about nightlife/restaurants. In
the conclusion, we write our comments/feelings and/or
0 recommendation. We normally use present tenses as Introduction
Well as a variety of adjectives. (Para l ) name, location, reason for
choosing it
22 Join the sentences below, using the words in Main Body
bold. (Para 2) things to see/do
(Para 3) shopping
l Rome is the ideal holiday destination.It has a (Para 4) night/fife, restaurants
fascinating culture and spectacular monuments. Conclusion
(with) (Para 5) fee/ings/comments and/ or
2 Rome has many tourist attractions. They are recommendation
not to be missed. (which)

list
 b) Now use the words in the chart to
compare life in the city and life in the
countryside.Where would you rather live?
Why?

The air in the countryside is cleaner than it is in

Out and About big cities. (See P- 157)

3 Think of your iourney to school/Work.What

Vocabulary do you see on your way there?
] 0) Use the words to make true sentences
I catch the 7: I 5 bus to work. On my way, [see
about the places in the pictures.
the Town Hall
(Ss' own answers)
0 congested/crowded streets 0 trendy shops
0 ancient monuments 0 picturesque villages 4 a) Match the verbs to the nouns.
0 polluted air 0 green fields 0 busy shopping
centres 0 stressful lifestyle 0 tall buildings
lose sunburn
0 exciting nightlife 0 noisy streets
get flight
0 unspoilt countryside 0 sandy/clean/
leave behin passport
deserted beaches [See p. 157)
miss camera

b) Have any of the above ever happened to

New York you? What did you do? Ask and ansWer
questions, as in the example.

A: Have you ever lost your passport?

B: Yes, I have.
A: What did you do?
B: I reported it to the police.
(See p: 157)
Circle the correct response.

l A: What a picturesque village!

B: 0 Sounds great!
Phuket has many sandy, @ It’s lovely, isn't it?
deserted beaches. 2 A:| forgot to post the letters.
B:@ Never mind.
b) Talk about the place where you live, or a
b Oh, definitely.
place you've visited. Say where it is, what a 3 A: My uncle’s best friend is Dustin Hoffman.
visitor can see/do there, where he could B: a What was it like?
stay/eat and what he could buy. @ You're joking!
(55' own answers)
4 A: Are you angry with John?
0) Write the opposites.
B: a No, it’s true.
@ Not in the least.
City Countryside
5 A: You'll never guess who I met last night.
l polluted air clean air B : @ Go on then, tell me!
2 wide roads narrow roads b What do you mean?
3 modern houses old houses 6 A: I haven't seen you for ages.
4 noisy streets quiet streets B: a You lucky thing!
5 exciting nightlife no nightlife ® I've been busy.
6 stressful lifestyle relaxing lifestyle
22
6 0) Fill in: spoil, springs, trendy,winding, 9 Complete the sentences with Mo to four
panoramic, cobbled, unspoiled. Words, including the word in bold.
M—'~

We won’t let the weather spoil our holiday. 1 Sarah has just bought a camera because she
We took a long walk through the cobbled finds photography interesting.
streets of Alfamar. interested Sarah has iust bought a camera
3 The hotel has a panoramic view of the bay. because she is interested in
4 You will find some of the most unspoiled photography.
countryside in England. 2 He rejected a iob offer in order to finish his studies.
5 The winding river ran through the village. turned He turned down a job offer in order
6 Every year he went to hot springs to help ease to finish his studies.
his back pain. 3 The actress proved to be much younger than she
7 I think you may find those shoes in one of the looks on TV.
trendy shops in town. turned The actress turned out to be much
younger than she looks on TV.
4 There was no one on the beach when we arrived.
b) Give five reasons why someone should deserted The beach was deserted when we
visit your country, as in the example. arrived.
5 The airline lost my suitcase when I flew to Paris,
There are breathtaking views of snow-capped and it arrived in Moscow!
mountains. turned The airline lost my suitcase when I
(Ss' own answers) flew to Paris, and it turned up in
Moscow!
7 a) Underline the correct item.

| forgot/@ my umbrella at home.

Grammar
You mustfgstgrl/tie your seatbelt before driving. 1 0 Match the phrases in the two columns, then
He couldn’t understand/realise what to do. make complete sentences, putting the verbs
1:d

Guess/Imagine that you are on a deserted in the correct tense.

island.
5 Having grown up in the suburbs/city centre, he She/resign a the neighbours/
was used to a quiet lifestyle. He/turn down the complain
6 I chose the red dress because i knew it would music b she/lose/her number
fl/ match your taste.
Tom's mother/be c because/she/break/
very proud her arm
b) Make sentences with the words you didn’t
-4 S l 9° l
use.
(See p. T57) I. SSSZQI/"o 0 d he/do/very well at
h |
Marian/not call SC 00
8 While on holiday you lost your passport. Cathy e she/find/better iob
Explain to your friend: She resigned because she had found a better job.
(See p. 157)
0 when and where it 1 1 Look at the table and compare the three
PASSPORT happened department stores.
0 what you did
expensive big modern popular
0 how you found it
Harrods III Ill // Ill
Debenhams / / / Ill / /
(See p. l57)
libertys / ./ ./ J ./ ./
Harrods is the most expensive of the three.
Debenhams isn’t as big as Harrods. (See p. 157)
23
 GUI->0.) 001-5
12 Fill in: than, as, of, less, much. '| 5 Join the sentences, as in the example.

1 The beach here is less crowded than the one on I'll go out you need us.

”—1
the island. Susan studies buy some bread.
Shopping here costs less than at a bigger hard to
say goodbye.
department store. We’ll be here so that she will pass her exams.
That's the most important exam of all. in case
I called him he called her.
This book is iust as good as the one I read last Ann stayed in he could have peace
month. Mike lived in and quiet.
The documentary we watched last night was a cottage
much more interesting than the one we saw on
I’ll go out to buy some bread.

N—a
Monday.
Susan studies hard so that she will pass her
That car is less expensive than the one we
exams.
bought.
We'll be here in case you need us.
1 3 Make true sentences about yourself, using the I called him to say goodbye.
superlative of the adiectives in the box Ann stayed in in case he called her.
below. Talk about: Mike lived in a cottage so that he could have
0 a film you’ve seen peace and quiet.
0 a book you’ve read
0 a hotel you've stayed at Communication
0 a shopping centre you've been to (reporting lost items)
0 a restaurant you’ve had dinner at
0 a country you've visited Read the dialogue and complete the
good, bad, expensive, clean, dirty, noisy, questions. Then, in pairs, read the dialogue
amazing, interesting, congested, boring, colourful, aloud.
isolated, pretty, quiet, modern
.3?

Good afternoon, madam. How i ) can I help

”The Mask” is the worst film I’ve ever seen. you?
(55' own answers) I’d like to report a lost credit card, please.
I see. Can 2) you tell me your name, please?
14 Think of five things you need to take with you
PFPPWPPF’???’

Of course. It's Diane Peters.

on a hiking holiday. Choose from the list and And when 3) did you lose your card, Ms Peters?
give reasons why you need them. Use to, so Well, I noticed it was gone yesterday evening.
that, in case. OK. I’ll cancel it and issue you with a new one.
0 mosquito repellent 0 diary 0 map Thank you. 4) When will i receive the new one?
0 walking boots 0 T-shirt 0 money belt In a couple of days.
0 passport 0 compass 0 camera & film 0 hot
0 sunglasses 0 tent 0 sleeping bag 1 7 a) You Want to travel to Manchester and
0 travel alarm 0 first aid kit you're at the train station. Think about the
questions you will need to ask and answer.
Use the following phrases to help you.

0 direct train to 0 time

0 ticket 0 single or return 0 cost
(See p. l57)
b) In pairs, act out the dialogue. Begin like
this: '

A: Can [help you?

I need to take mosquito repellent to keep B: Yes, please. Can you tell me if there is a
mosquitoes away. (See p. 157) (See p. 157)
24
 (2“ r»
Caravan
it you've ever dreamt of travelling "across the sanara desert on
a camel, you'll be surprised to know that your dream can come
true! Traveller's Tales offers a ten-day caravan adventure which
will allow you to experience the magic and mystery of the Grand
information in the numbered space Sahara Desert and the novelty oi travelling by camel.
Our journey begins with a flight on a comiortable iet from
Warwick Castle — Special Events
London Heathrow to Casablanca. After a' short stop in that famous
city, we fly on to 0uarzazate, a Moroccan town on the edge of the
Warwick Castle SahararDesert. We will spend the first day exploring the historic
Place:
. sights of Ouarzazateandenioying the unique Moroccan cuisine.
Events: ° Photograph Exhibition in Great 0n the second day. our true adventure begins, as we meet the
1) Hall camels which will carry us safely across the desert. After passing
medieval village villages where people live almost exactly as they did 1000 years
knights lighting on horseback ago. we will join the caravan. We will enjoy the desert sunset and
summer’s evening with the spend the night under the stars, with cool breezes gently blowing
Philharmonic Orchestra — through our tents. For the next six days, our camel caravan will
spectacular 2) firework take us across sand dunes through valleys and into oases where
display palm trees grow. At night we will set up camp and dig for water
Tickets: 3) £15 ‘ for our camels. then sit around a campfire drinking traditional
. mint tea under the desert skies. ,
Opening hours: 10 am to 4) 6 pm 0n the eighth day. We will return to Casablanca and enjoy a
Facilities: over 300 5] parking spaces , \‘ . tour of Morocco‘s capital city before having axflnal dinner together
et line on .' in Our hotel.
Tickets can be booked by calling tick
We guarantee that our ten-day tourney will be an experience I?
0870 442 (3) 2008 . .1
you will never forget.It is not. just a holiday - it’s a trueradventure.
Call 01967 382158 to book'y'our Caravanadventure.

.7 -‘-’}s~9~ ‘
 E Recommendation
Writing On the whole, even though Court’s Hotel offers
(an assessment report)
some excellent facilities and activities, it may not
20 a) Read the rubric, then fill in the sentences appeal to families with very young children.
(1-5) in the report which follows. (4) l would only recommend this hotel to families
with older children.
Write a report assessing the suitability of
Court's Hotel for family holidays. Describe b) New match the sub-headings below to the
the accommodation, the staff, and the paragraphs (A-E).
facilities and services.
0 Purpose 0 Facilities/Services 0 Staff
I All staff have received training in first aid and 0 Recommendation 0 Accommodation
giving medical attention.
2 Childcare assistants supervise this area every
day from 8 am to 3 pm.
3 The aim of this report is to assess the suitability
of Court’s Hotel for family holidays.
When we write an assessment report we divide it
4 I would only recommend this hotel to families
into three parts: the introduction, the main body and
with older children.
the conclusion.In the introduction we clearly state
5 Court's Hotel contains 10 family-size rooms
the purpose of the report. In the main body we
. which are extremely spacious.
present each main topic in a new paragraph under
an appropriate heading. We present the positive
To: Mr F Starr, Manager, B&B Ltd
From: Mrs P Terry, Assistant Manager and/or negative aspects of each topic in the same
Subiect: Court’s Hotel paragraph. The number of paragraphs depends on
Date: 3ist March 200] the number of main topics you want to include.In the
conclusion we give a general impression and make
A Purpose our recommendation.
(3-) The aim: of this report is lQ-OSSGSS the suitability of
Note: 0 We always write assessment reports in a
Court’s Hotel for family holidays.
formal style. [i.e. full verb forms, impersonal
B Accommodation language, etc)
0 We normally use present tenses. We can
(5) Court's Hotel contains i 0 family-size rooms
which are extremely spacious. Each room could also use past tenses for reports related to
past events.
easily accommodate a family of six and has a
small fridge. However, the electrical equipment is 2 ] a) look at the sentences below and identify
not checked regularly and is not fitted with safety which describe positive aspects (P), and
locks. which describe negative aspects (N).
C Staff
a The campsite is quite small. N
t i ) All staff have received training in first aid and
b The small swimming pool is suitable for
giving medical attention. Although they aren't
young children.
available at all hours of the day, they are polite
0 It may not be suitable for families.
and friendly and will be happy to resolve any
d Hot water is only provided in the
problems that guests may have.
evenings.
D Factlitie‘s/Services e The campsite has a very friendly
"U

Court's Hotel has a play area with various activities. atmosphere.

['2] Childcare assistants supervise this area every f The campsite is ideal for people who
-u

day from8 am to 3 pm. The hotel offers a free prefer more peaceful holidays.
baby-sitting service for children aged 3 years and 9 The small swimming pool is not
over. Despite the fact that it also has a children’s supervised.
zevz

swimming pool, there is only one lifeguard, who h Washing machines are available.
is not on duty all day. i There are several showers.
i The washing machines are expensive.
%
 b) Now use linking words expressing 2 3 The sentences below are Written in an
contrast (although, however, even though) inappropriate style. Rewrite them in an
to ioin each positive point with the matching appropriate way.
negative one, and reWrite them below. One
has been done for you, as an example. 1 I want to know it Hydale Campsite is suitable for
family holidays.
1 a-e Even though the campsite is quite small, 2 The campsite )5 small, bUT really 900d-
it has a very friendly atmosphere. 3 As you can see, the campsite is OK for family
hOlidS-
2 b-g Although the small swimming pool is suitable [See p. 157)
for young children, it Is not supervised.
3 at The campsite is ideal tor people who 24 Read the rubric and underline the key
prefer more peaceful holidays. However, words. How many Paragraphs are you
it may not be suitable for Families. going 1° write and W h y ?
4 d-i There are several showers. However, hot . .
11')
water is only provided in the evenings. Write a m about H dale Cam srte
5 Even though washing machines are for the editor of ”Camper’s Guide” tourist
available, they are expensive. magazine, assessing the campsite’s
suitability for family holidays. Write your.
c) Match the sentences in Ex. 21b to the sub- report describing the facilities, activities
headings below. and atmosphere of the campsite.
0 Facilities: 2, 4, 5 (See p. 157)
0 Atmosphere: 7, 3
5 Use the plan below and your answers in Exs.
Look at the advertisement for Hydale 21-23 to write your report. Use the report in
, Campsite and ansWer the questions below. Ex. 200 as a model (120-180 Words).
(See p. 157)

Subject: ...................
Date: .......................

Introduction
(Para 1) state the purpose and content
of your report
Main Body
(Para 2-4) present the positive and/or
negative aspects in detailunder
appropriate sub-headings
Conclusion
(Final general assessment and/or
paragraph) opinion/recommendation

1 What can you do on Friday and Saturday

evenings?
2 How much do you have to pay to go dancing?
3 What can you do early in the morning?
4 How old do you have to be to take part in the
organ'ised games-
7
(See p. 157)
27
 2 0) Which of the following dishes and
desserts are: hot and spicy? sweet? iuicy?
crunchy? creamy? sour? low fat?(See p. i 58)

Tasty Treats
Vocabulary
’ 'I 0) Which group do the following foods
belong to? Use the Words below to complete
the table, then add as many examples of
these foods as you can.

0 vegetables 0 meat, fish and poultry 0 fruit

0 dairy products 0 fats and sugars

l fruit mango, orange, apple,

peach, pineapple, banana,
‘ kiwi, pear, grape, strawberry

2 vegetables spinach, lettuce, cucumber,

cabbage, pepper, onion,
potato, pea, bean, carrot
3 meat , fish and haddock, lamb, beef, veal,
poultry cod, chicken, turkey, duck, .
sardines, prawns, crab
b) Which of these dishes/desserts do you
4 lots and sugars honey, jam, marmalade, like/not like eating? Give reasons.
biscuits, cakes, chocolate
I like eating chicken wings with sauce because
they’re hot and spicy. (Ss’ own answers)
5 dairy products yogurt, cream, milk, cheese,
eggs, butter, margarine, c) Which of the dishes/desserts above
ice cream
would you prepare for: a children's party?
a dinner for vegetarians? a Sunday lunch for
b) Ask and answer questions, as in the your family? (See P- 159)
example, to find out which of the foods
You are PreParing a birthday party for your
above are high in vitamins, calcium, protein,
friend. In pairs, decide on the menu, using
fibre, iron and calories.
phrases from the list.
A: Are fruits high in calcium? 0 I think I'll 0 Idon't think that
B: No, they aren’t. Fruits are high in vitamins. 0 That would be great 0 Yes, but
(See p. l 5 8 )
: / think I’ll do chicken wings.
93>

c) Which of the above foods do you eat: That Would be great. We could also have
every day? once a Week? twice a Week? friedprawns.
Which of them do you like/ not like eating? A: Yes, butJohn doesn't like seafood. How
(See p. l58) about... etc (See p. l59)
28
 Illjon .
Iii)...
:1 : n . .
IIIII-
III...
Rl l l l l l
I11...

4 Match the products to the sections, then ask 7 Fill in the blanks with words from the list to
and anSWer questions, as in the example. make collocations, as in the example.

evxfimmessec-um 0 main 0 party 0 cooking 0 sirloin 0 variety

0 benefits
Bev erag es peanuts
lemonade : What was the main course?
and Grilled salmon.
cashews refreshments tizzy drinks
: This restaurant has a wide variety of
it salads on the menu.
I len l s

>FP>PP
beans Pulses Really? Does it have Mexican salad? '

w
_._-. crisps : How would you like your sirloin steak, sir?
a hetti Medium rare, please.
SP 9 cereals : How many people are you inviting to your
almonds orange iuice dinner party?
: About eight.

>03
NUlS
and peas 01 : The nutritional benefits of eating fish
rice
,, snacks are well known.
B: I know. I eat fish at least twice a week.
A: Could you please tell me where I can find 6 A: How much cooking oil do I need to try
some lemonade? these potatoes?
B: In the Beverages and refreshments section, B: I’d say about two cups.
madam [See p. 159) 8 a) Look at the pictures and use Words from
the list to say what you can see, as in the
5 Match the nouns (1-6) to the adjectives (a-f), example.
then use the prompts to ask and ansWer, as
in the example. 0 tub 0 carton 0 iar 0 packet 0 tin 0 bottle 0 box

1 bread boiled/scrambled
2 cheese brown/white
3 potatoes cooked/raw
4 fish mashed/baked
5 eggs sliced/grated
6 vegetables grilled/tried
A: I’d like some bread, please.
B: Brown or white, madam?
A: I think I’ll have brown bread, please.
(See p. 159)
Which of the following can you: grate? try?
0

boil? grill? Make sentences, as in the

example.

0 cheese 0 carrots 0 onions 0 cabbage 0 cod

I I can see a tub of margarine.
0 mushrooms 0 tomatoes 0 eggs 0 chicken (See p. l 59)
0 rice 0 potatoes 0 turkey 0 peas
b) You want to bake a cake. Make a
You can grate cheese and carrots. shopping list of all the ingredients you need
to buy, including the containers that they
(See p. 159)
come in.

1 packet of flour (See p. 159}

29
 Circle the correct response. giving The tire doesn’t seem to be giving at!
much heat.
A: Would you like cheesecake for dessert? 5 I trusted you! Why did you reveal my secret?
B:@ No, I’d rather have fruit salad. give I trusted you! Why did you give away
b I’m afraid I won’t. my secret?
A: Can you pass the salt, please?
B: a Yes, lcan.
1 2 Write the opposites of the verbs in brackets
to complete the sentences.
@ Yes, here you are.
A: How about vegetable soup for starters?
It you misbehave (behave) at the party, Sarah
B:@ That sounds lovely!
won't invite you again.
b That's nice of you!
The waitress waited for the man to unfold (told)
A: Can I have some more tea, please?
his napkin before she took his order.
B:@ Yes, of course. Help yourself.
Why do you dis/mistrust (trust) Warren so much?
b Got any ideas?
Most people think he's very reliable.
5 A: How would you like your steak cooked?
The repairman had to disconnect (connect) the
B: a Very well.
cooker from the electricity supply.
@ Medium rare.
Passengers are advised not to untasten (fasten)
] 0 Use the verbs below to complete the their seatbelts until the plane comes to a complete
sentences. stop.

0 keeps 0 can be preserved 0 treat 0 process Grammar

0 take no notice 0 lower
13 Look at the pictures and use the prompts to say
Freezing and canning are two of the most what the people are doing. Then, guess what
common ways to process tood. they’re going to make, as in the example.
Many people take no notice of the ingredients in
the products they buy.
Fresh fruit such as peaches and apricots can be
preserved in syrup.
a .
When we follow a healthy diet we lower the risk
of becoming ill. ' .

5 I don’t think the chemist can treat your burns. You x I .i ’ ,‘.

should see a doctor. |

6 Vitamin E keeps our skin young and healthy. stir the mixture
I

1 '| Complete the sentences with Mo to four

Words, including the word in bold.
, . .
3 .5. '— '3
, .
‘. I:
To attract more customers the restaurant manager ._ .
l u
handed out advertising leaflets.
‘.
. r
r
. .
. I»: ,3
gave To attract more customers the restaurant ." 3’
_‘
manager gave out advertising leaflets. crate cheese ..‘—d- ..'

Jeanne had to stop eating spicy food when she -\'\

started having stomach problems.

give Jeanne had to give up (eating) spicy
food when she started having stomach
problems.
Your book reviews must be handed in by Friday.
given Your book reviews must be given in by
Friday. '
The tire doesn’t seem to be producing much
heat. 7 He’s chopping some vegetab/es. He’s going
to make vegetable souP- (See p (59 )
30
 are you doing now? What are you
14 What
going to do: this afternoon? tomorrow
19 a) Fill in: much, many, few, a few, little or a
little.
evening? this weekend?

.3?
(See p. 159)
Let's make shepherd's pie. I'm in the mood for
l Use if, when or unless and the prompts some traditional English food.
below to make sentences, as in the example. Good idea! What do we need?

3’9”???“
Well, we need 1) a few potatoes.
Jane and Simon/ not find/table/at We’ve got four potatoes.
make reservation restaurant
Oh, that's fine. We need 2) a little minced meat,
Andy/move/new be able/watch/ too.
house favourite/TV show We've got two kilos in the fridge.
Susan/leave for/ give me/call Great, that’s plenty. Now, have we got any
work/now arrive/on time onions?
We/find/matches not be able/light/ Hm We’ve got very 3) few, I'm afraid. How
l/finish/homework/ barbecue 4) many do we need?

?.>.UP>.°P?.>
before 8 pm redecorate/ every
Only one, if it’s a large one.
Lily/arrive/airport room Oh, that's OK, then. What else?
: Well, how 5) much butter have we got?
Unless .lane and Simon make a reservation, they Very 6) little, actually.
won’t find a table at the restaurant. (See p. l59)
That's alright. We only need 7) a little.
16 What will you do when you And we need a tin of tomatoes.
F?

Great! We've got everything. let's get cooking.

0 leave school? 0 get your driving licence?
0 get your degree? 0 go on holida? b) You Want to make an omelette. What do
(gee p. l 60)
you need? Write dOWn the ingredients, then
17 Use reflexive pronouns and the verbs below
act out a dialogue similar to the one above.
to make sentences, as in the example.
(See p. 160)
0 hurt 0 enioy 0 burn 0 look at 0 introduce
0 cut 0 scald
Listening
Be careful! You’re going to hurt yourself!
The film was great! We really etc (See p. 160) 20QYo u will hear four people talking about
their diets. For questions 1 4 choose the
18 a) look at the picture and ask and answer best ansWer, A, B or C.
' questions, as in the example.
l Kaye takes multi-vitamin tablets because she
A often gets ill.
B only eats organic food.
© wants to stay healthy.
2 What is Joe's attitude towards food?
® You should eat whatever you want.
B You should eat only fried food.
C You should always eat breakfast.
3 Sarah used to have an unhealthy diet because
she
A didn't know why she was overweight.
B didn’t have much energy.
© ate three large meals a day, plus snacks.
A; Are there any pineapples in the picture? 4 Alan is complaining because
3-"
No, there aren't. Are there etc (See p. 160) A his mother treats him like a pet.
B his mother’s cooking is tasteless.
b) Which of the food items above Would you
© his mother wants him to eat healthier food.
use to make breakfast? lunch? dinner?
[See p. l 60) 31
H
 Elf:
no
A: 2) How about some more carrots?
Communication (during B: Oh, all right, then. Not too many, though.
mealtimes) A: 3) Is that enough?
B: That's great, thanks. 4) Can you pass the sauce,
2] a) Use the prompts to complete the dialogue. please?
A: Yes, of course.
“I.

0 Can you pass 0 would you like 0 Can i have B: Thanks. 5) Can I have some more water,
0 How about some 0 Is that enough please?
A: OK. Where's your glass?

P?
AI lUlia, i ) would you like some more potatoes? Here it is. I'm really thirsty.
B: Mmm no, thanks. I've got plenty. A: Oh, dear. Perhaps I put too much salt in the sauce.

b) In pairs, act out similar dialogues.

Reading (See p. 160)
22 Read the article and circle the correct answer, A, B, C or D.
P‘ ‘ q—Vvfivfl . / v
h...— q;
- Duh?

re
it

When most of us hear the word 'diet’. we energy and nutrients you need to get through'themomin'g. Try‘ti‘esh
immediately think about trying, to get slim. fruit, juice, toast and honey, or cereal. ..
However. a diet should be about more than Just Although many of us drink coffee to 'keep ourselves awake’,
trying to lose weight. What weeat should keep us caffeine (which is in coffee, tea and fizzy drinks) actually makessu‘s
t?

tit and healthy and make us feel energetic. With the even more tired. Next time you reach for the cottee machine..fstbp-.
tight eating plan, anyone can feel great and have a glass at water instead.» Without plenty of water, you will
‘ One oi the best ways to keep your energy levels high is to eat feetexhausted and may suffer from headaches. You shoulddrir'ilt’a't
. mall snacks frequently throughout the day. Having several light least five glasses of water every day — your body needs it.
Heals
keeps your blood sugar at a healthy level and stops you from Vitamin C is extremely important It keeps us healthy and items
,u,,eriencing the symptoms at low blood sugar (hunger dizziness our blood to absorb iron and calcium. The most important source
it it contusion). Eating nothing all day and then having a large of Vitamin C is fresh fruit and vegetables, so you should eat a
jt‘tening meal will not only make you feel exhausted but also make variety oi these every day. Citrus truit, strawberries and tomatoes
' "‘-'ei.i gain weight. areall rich in vitamin C, and delicious, too!
People who are trying to lees weight oftenmiss breakfast. They it doesn’t takemuch effort to eat healthily and you will soonkfeel
, . " not making lite easy for themselves by doing this. Breakfast is the the benefits. The right diet will make you teei'tull of energy. Le'strjig
italit meal of the day. and without it your body will not weight tsnot important; The secret"i'sttti’a'it'wl’ien you feel godd;you
l'lr‘iw-tat
‘ i. .3 . breakfast will. give;you the l " 1994—
t » 3L ' .. n 4 ~1
0 i ._
' - -’ 1 " view? #- n- . 4—...»

1 How can a person feel energetic? 3 Why should people always eat breakfast?
A by trying to get tit A to have an easy life
B by going on a diet (9 to have plenty of energy until lunchtime
(3) by eating properly C in order not to lose weight
D by trying to get slim D because there is always plenty to eat in the
morning
2 Why should someone eat often during the
day? 4 Why do people need to drink plenty of water?
A because they won't have an evening meal ® because their bodies need it
B so they will have less sugar in their blood B so that they drink less cottee '
C so that they don’t put on weight C to keep themselves awake I
®. in order not to suffer from low blood sugar D because cottee causes headaches

32
 25 a) Read the recommendations and mark
them P (positive) or N (negative).
' Don't miss it! P 0 I wouldn't recommend it. N
When we write a review of a food festival we usually 0 I'm sure you can find better things to do. N
divide it into four paragraphs. in the first paragraph 0 I highly recommend it. P 0 It is a highly
we write the name of the festival, where and when it entertaining festival. P 0 It's a waste of time. N
takes place and the reason(s) for celebrating.In the
second paragraph we describe the preparations for b) Rewrite the last paragraph of the review
the festival.In the third paragraph we describe what in Ex. 23, using phrases from above.
happens on the actual day (e.g. food, activities etc). (See p. 160)
in the fourth paragraph we write our recommendation, 26 Correct the mistakes. Write S (for spelling),
giving reasons. P (for punctuation), M (for missing Word) and
GR (for grammar).
)n - P
W r i t i n g (a review about a food @the weeks leadin up to the music festival, the
ma e — R
festival) organisers-various(preparations. They book
severa’eo):>fpepulars bands and they print colfiuerfulP
23 Read the review and fill In the blanks with
.‘nviting»‘K nthe town to IaAttendtOthe evser@ey
the correct form of the Words'In brackets. ever one —
also order plenty foo and drink®selL5 F i n a l l y ,
The Elmira Maple Syrup Festival takes place every they build a large stage and set up special
March in Ontario, Canada. It is held because coloured lights.
collecting maple syrup from the sap of maple trees is
a 1) traditional (tradition) Canadian custom. 27 Think of an annual festival in your country
Days before the festival 2) organisers (organise) and make notes under the headings
set up a long line of stalls for the outdoor mall, below. Use your notes to talk about it.
where locals display and sell a wide 3) variety
0 Name, Where/When, Reason for Celebrating
(vary) of foods, toys and crafts. They also organise
0 Preparations 0 Actual day (See p. 160)
4) exciting (excite) tours to the countryside and treks
in the woods. 28 Your teacher has asked you to Write a
On the actual day of the festival, the big event is review of an annual festival in your country,
the Pancake Flipping Contest. People make delicious to be published in your school magazine.
golden-brown pancakes and use all kinds of silly
utensils to flip them. Participants 5) particularly Use the plan below and your answers in
(particular) enioy taking part in it but it is also very Ex. 27 to write your review (120-180
6) entertaining (entertain) to watch. The smell of Words). You can use the review in Ex. 23
pancakes fills the air and makes everyone feel very as a model.
7) hungry (hunger). 8) Luckily (luck) there are always (See p. léO)
plenty of pancakes to go round.
If you have a sweet tooth, love pancakes and
enioy nature, don't miss this unique festival.It is the
perfect way to celebrate the end of winter. Introduction
(Para l ) name of festival,
24 Read the review again and answer the where/when takes place
questions.
reason for celebrating
Main Body
(Para 2) preparations
a) What tenses has the writer used? Why?
(Para 3) the actual day
b) What information does the writer give in each
paragraph?
Conclusion
C) Where can you read such a piece of writing?
(Para 4) recommendation and reason
(See p. 160)
 What do you/don’t you enioy doing in your
free time? Use the prompts to ask and
answer questions, as in the example.
0 go to rock concerts/football matches/
marine parks/art galleries/parties
All Work and 0 go to the cinema/theatre/circus

I’m (not) aln) person; Idon't mind; I love;

No Play I quite enjoy/really like; I hate; ldon’t like

A: Do you enjoy going to football matches?

B: Not really. I’m not a sports person.
Vocabulary (See p. l é l )
0) Use the items in the list to fill in the boxes Match the Words which collocate to complete
below. the sentences that follow.

0 top hat 0 leggings 0 ieans 0 gloves 0 shorts 0 popular 0 spare 0 form 0 street 0 still 0 second
0 waistcoat 0 tailor—made suit 0 striped tie 0 attraction
0 cotton shirt 0 flat shoes 0 mini-skirt 0 belt
0 wedding dress 0 sandals 0 leather [acket i Due to popular demand there will be a second
0 straw hat 0 sports shoes 0 evening gown screening of the film.
0 t-shirt 0 parasol 0 dinner [acket 0 bonnet 2 The Thompsons went back for a second look
0 beret 0 high-heeled shoes 0 knee-length skirt before they bought their new car.
My father loves fixing broken things in his spare
leggings, i‘eans, shorts, mini-skirt, time.
leather locket, t-shirt, knee-length The photographer told the little girl to stand still
skirt, cotton shirt so that he could take her picture.
top hat, waistcoat, tailor-made Euro Disney is probably the most popular tourist
suit, wedding dress, evening attraction in Europe.
gown, dinner jacket, knee-length My brother considers graffiti on art form
skirt but I think it’s iust rubbish.
Shoppers were entertained by talented street
flat shoes, sandals, sports shoes,
performers during the Christmas sales.
high-heeled shoes

5 Circle the correct item.

straw hat, gloves, striped tie,
belt, parasol, bonnet, beret l If you don't hurry ......... , we’ll miss the train.
ACCESSORIES @up B on Cin
2 l'm afraid the Sunday performance is sold ....... .
b) With a partner, ask and answer questions, A off ® out C up
as in the example. 3 The play was fantastic and l was very
What do you Wear when you go on a picnic? impressed ......... the costumes.
I wear leggings, a t-shirt and sandals. What A in ® with C from
do you wear when you go to a wedding? etc Tickets for the concert must be paid ......... one
(See p. l b l ) week in advance.
2 Circle the odd Word out. ® for B by C to
5 | finally got hold ......... that book that's been
1 conductor, instruments, p e r f o r m a n c e , - out of print for months.
2 band, musicians, singers ® of B from C with
3 halftime, referee,-playe rs 6 When my mobile phone rang during the lecture, the
4 director, sound engineer, cameraman,- woman beside me turned and glared ......... me.
3 4 5 heavy m e t a l , - classical, country A to at C of
 Circle the correct response. 3 The service at the restaurant was excellent and the food was of the
6 best quality. first-rate
1 A: Hurry up, Tom! 4 Mission Impossib/e is so lastmoving that you can hardly sit still.
' B:@ OK — here i am. action-packed
b Come on! 5 My grandmother was very creative. We could sit for hours listening
2 A: Can I help you? to her stories. imaginative
B:@ Yes, please. |'d like 8 a) Match the adiectives in the boxes with the items of clothing
some information. i n l h e list, a s i n t h e e x a m p l e .

b Calm down. E short-sleeved,

,‘ riding,top,qw long—sleeved,
A: How was the football ‘ . plain .
match? 1 shoes
B: a I really like it. 2 £061" (3 .
@ It was great. B ballet, platform, 3 “OT A F frilly,fancy,
t,-
I walking, low-heeled, 4 suit C summer, formal,
A: ICpme on, Sue. Well be ' comfortable V 5 dress F " smart, casual
ae. ,. .
6- Jcans
1 . ,D. -
B: a That’stine.
SW"
@ Just give me two 7 E ‘ 5 leather,
.8
seconds .. C
5W1":
casual, :Siklft f‘. winter,
’ ’ cotton, woollen, {9 ‘fi‘éi l “ . rain
A: Could I have your address, I dark
Please? . H pleated,
B: 0 Oh, no! D denim, blue, I plain, ‘_ . straight, long,
® Yes, of course. -. checked, flowery -
A: You’re in luck - there’s one ‘ '
ticket left. b) Using phrases from above, as well as ideas of your OWn,
B:@ oh, that’s great! describe what the people below are wearing, as in the example.
b Why "Cl? 1 Sam is wearing a long-sleeved orange shirt and blue jeans. ,
{See p t a i l ’\ -
A: How about watching a
video? ‘ ‘ _. 6 Greg
,. .57...-
B: a Don’t worry. f ,1 ‘ " . . -. r , i ‘d
@ Idon’t mind.
A: Can I park here?
B:@ I’m afraid you can't.
b You won’t.

Read the sentences below

and replace the words in
bold with a synonym from
the list.

0 boring 0 first-rate
0 imaginative 0 realistic
0 action-packed
The lecture was rather
uninteresting so we left early.
boring c) Guessing game. Yomeacher thinks of a student. Ask
The computerised dinosaur l5 questions to find out who it is.
so lifelike that you forget it's
only a model. reahsfic S 1: Is he/she wearing blue jeans? ,
T: No, he/she isn’t. etc (85 own answers)
35
 9 a) Think of three items of clothing you have. 4 The town council decided to demolish the old
What are they like? How long have you had train station and build a new one.
them? How often do you wear them? Where up The town council decided to demolish
did you get them? the old train station and put up a new
(See p. 1 6 ) ) one.
b) Now describe your items of clothing to
your partner. 1 2 Use the verbs in brackets to form nouns, as
in the example.
A: My skirt is long and yellow with green flowers
on it.
. .. j“ sej
----- Peter always wa
B: Well, my trousers are blue with lots of
.- . nted _’r
pockets. etc acuon
have a piece at the 1)
(See p. l o t ) -
(act), so when he found out
1 0 a) Match the words below to their definitions, the local theatrical group was
as in the example. going to stage a new play, he
5 ed to he! .
the
0 bored 0 depressed 0 annoyed 0 excited MT;
order if; them to go on with
d to
0 aggressive 0 cheerful 2) performance (perform) they ha
in
' make 3) alterations (alter) to the ma
to
tired because there is nothing to do = bored stage and scenery. They also had
sformation :
make plans for the 4) tran

."“ov
‘N-fl

showing/feeling eagerness and enthusiasm the play

= excited (transform) of the-stalls because
OS SIstan'c
was interactive and the 5)
in a good mood, happy = cheerful lutely
(assist) of the audience was abso ort
eff
fairly angry = annoyed
necessary Their eight months ofcritics
sad, without enthusiasm or hope = depressed ‘ ‘paidoff, though,bec ause bot h the
ct)‘
ready to attack or quarrel = aggressive and the audience’s 6) reactionls) (rea
'7'
h , " , : "‘
5n' stutter“ usrastic. .
b) In pairs, ask and answer questions, as in
the example.
A: When do you feelbored?
B: / feel bored when We visit my parents’ Grammar
friends. What about you?
A: I feel bored on Sunday afternoons. ) 3 Complete the sentences below by putting the
When do you feel depressed? etc verbs in the correct infinitive or -ing form, as
(See p. 161) in the example.

H Complete the sentences with Mo to four

Words, including the words in bold. l Carl didn't expect to win (win) first prize in the
competition.
l The long winter has delayed our plan by several 2 Lynn would prefer to watch (watch) the tennis
weeks. match on television.
back The long winter has set back our plan by 3 I’ll always remember moving (move) into my first
several weeks. flat.
2 He saves some money every month in order to 4 We enioy going (go) out for dinner on Friday
buy a motorcycle. nights.
aside He sets aside some money every month 5 Kevin denied taking (take) his sister’s Walkman.
in order to buy a motorcycle. 6 Stan agreed to drive (drive) me to the airport on
3 I'm leaving for Liverpool at 7 am tomorrow, so Tuesday.
I’ll have an early night. 7 She doesn’t mind helping (help) with the
setting Because I am setting off for Liverpool at housework.
7 am tomorrow, I’ll have an early night. 8 Tina hasn’t finished doing (do) her homework
yet.

36
1.4 Use the words/phrases in the list to write as 1 6 Read the sentences and correct the mistakes,
many sentences as possible about each of as in the example.
the pictures below, as in the example.

_I
I had better nplertfi us a cup of tea. make
0 proud 0 busy 0 remember 0 would rather 2 Peter would preferpla? chess rather
0 easy 0 hope 0 help 0 appear 0 decide than read a book. to play
0 love 0 seem 3 We don't mind sleep/late on Friday. sleeping
1 He’s proud to have 4 She hates e/et’Chinese food. eating
caught such a big fish. 5 He'll never forget meet his favourite
He has been busy singer. meeting
catching fish all morning. 6 We stopped hm a sandwich and
He willalways remember then went on working. to have
catching his first fish. 7 I don't think it’s difficult le}m+rrg how
He hopes to catch some to ski. to learn
more fish. 8 My father made me Wig the car. wash
He loves fishing.
1 7 Fill in must or mustn't.
He's busy in the garden.
He seems to be planting In basketball there 1) must be five
something. He’d rather players on each team. .
work in the garden than A player 2) mustn't run with the ball
watch TV. He loves without dribbling it. A player
working in the garden. 3) mustn't kick the ball and they
etc 4) mustn't hit it with their hand. During
a game, all trainers and assistants
He seems to be playing 5) must remain on the bench.
tennis. He loves playing
tennis. He'd rather play ] 8 With a partner, think of three things you
tennis than football. must/mustn't or can/ can’t do in these
etc situations, as in the example.
0 when you have a dog
0 when you ride a bike
0 when you are at a football match
They have decided to buy 0 when you drive a car
the car. They are proud to
own it. They hope to see A: When you have a dog, you must feedit every
each other again. day.
etc B: That’s right. And you must take it to the vet
lbll
r e g u/a r/y. erc (Seep.

15 Use the verbs in box A and the phrases and 1 9 Talk about your daily routine. In pairs, use
time expressions in box B to talk about the prompts to ask and ansWer questions, as
yourself, as in the example. in the example.
{it}
fl 0 wake up on weekdays
. eniov nextveurlmnnlh/week 0 leave for school or work 0 tidy your room
. dun‘lminrt ulweekenris 0 wash up after dinner ° do the shopping
J . cun’tslund whenl‘leuvesciinnl 0 have dinner
. when I m on holiday
. Ionklorwurrtlu suun A: What time do you have to wake up on
Weekdays?
° EXDBCI intwnllhreertuvs/weeks
B: [have to wake up around7 am. What about
7°”? 9“
I enjoy playing tennis at weekends. (See p. 161)
(See p. 1 6 ] )
 d. 2 ] Read the article about totem poles and circle the correct
Rea Ing answers, then explain the highlighted words. [See p 10 2 )
. _ ‘ '

P o [fies
20 0) Have you ever seen a totem . __ ..

otem
t‘ME“ . .1

.,
Po le‘7 .(55' own answers) ., ”,4.”

N
Which of them is: a totem
pole? B a statue? C
an obelisk? A
c) Why do you think totem
poles Were built?
lSs own answers)
* A visual expression
.I-.‘~..‘. a; 1
of Indian Culture 4» "g, '.
Totem poles are tall wooden
logs dec0rated with beautiful
‘symbols and paintings. The
geographical
area which
gave birth to
totem poles is
the northwest
coast of North
America, and the people
who created them are theNorth
American Northwest Coast Indians.
This area is the only place in the
world which has produced the
totem. so it is also knOWn jokingly
as the Totempolar Region. '
Once a tree was selectedand
cut down. it was hollowed out.
Then it was marked off into equal
sections in order to be carved-
After the carvings were
completed, sometimes by more
than one carver, the totem pole;
was painted in shades of red.
black, green and blue.
There were several kinds of
totem poles, depending on the
reason why they were built. For
example, there were memorial
poles which honoured both the living and the dead. house?
posts which supported the roof, portal poles, welcoming
poles, and many others. Apart from anything else, however.
totem poles were built as a way of passing on stories,_ myths
and legends about the lndian culture. The totem poleWasa
means for Northwest Coast lndians to communicate and
remember past events.
The term totem is derived from the-word ototeman, which
means a blood relationship between brothers and sisters. A.
totem could be a companion. a relative. a protector, a helper.
a supernatural power or an ancestor, and it served as a. '
symbol of a family group or a person. Indians believed there
is a close connection between a group of people. on the one.
hand. and a species at animal or plant on the other.
 Communication
(Asking For Information)
22 0) Use the prompts to complete
the dialogue.
0 single or return
0 the reservation 0 book a ticket
0 do you want it for

mythological beginnings A: Hello. Rail Express Enquiries —

at great families at a time Bob speaking. How may I help
whenanimals and men
you? I
L titted together as equals.
These poles stand as. B: Hello. I'd like to 1) book a ticket
I!
t - terms of written records of from London to York.
' . the history and culture of a A: When 2) do you want it for?
le — the
. 9.1533! peop0939 Tomorrow morning.
1
NonhWeSt Indians, A: Hold on a second. Yes, there’s
one at l l145 from King’s Cross
which reaches York at l :50.
Good. Make 3) the reservation,
l :Tet'ern Ippi‘es are please.
A hrtth signs. First class?
_ B lndtan myths Second class, please.
. © made from tree trunllis 4) Single or return?
" in India
Dieundi Single, please.
' 2 Totempoles can barterind in That’s 230.
® various shapes and celburs. Thank you very much.
B different caun'triefs.
b) In pairs, act out your OWn
I C other cultures. ., d' | , .
[ D allNorth American: flnd‘iajn‘s‘“ homes; '° °9U°s (See p.162)
li
73 Totempelets were built
A as a tribute to other Americans, Listening
B to support families 2 3 Q Y O U will hear part of an
' © tor a number at reasons interview with Max McCarthy,
D to send messages. it; §ih§t11§9§§l§ir 0 person who does computer
’4- The word waterway meanstltegieanhiefiian art. For statements 1-4, tick
between (I) Yes if the statement is true
A '-n‘ni=matsgazn:d' plants. and No if it is false.
I (E certain family, members Yes No
' C the livinQ and the dead i It is easy to correct
D .‘a‘ pret‘ector and a relative mistakes in
5 Nb'rth‘west‘CaeSt l-n’ditins useaetem pales computerised pictures. [ZiEl
A Eta-write an; I 2 Max thinks that painting
B- as dé‘cfii’ifll‘lfifis‘; using a computer isn’t
. C zest-tenders. creative. EllZl
3 Computer art is
@ 'tea-eerie:their.hiétervvem. considered as valuable
as traditional art. Bill
4 People will appreciate
computer art more in
the future. El El
39
:5, i.‘ ii
“a!“
. . 25 Highlight the topic sentences in the main
etln . . . _ _ body paragraphs, then replace them Wit -h
l‘m article descrtblng a bUIldIng) other appropriate ones. (See p. I62)
24 Read the article and match the paragraphs 26 Look at the pictures and the topic sentences.
(1-5) to the headings below. Where could use the prompts to write appr0priate
you read s u c h an article? supporting sentences for each. (See p. I62)
(See p. 162)
0 description of exterior 3
0 name, location, etc l
The outside of the
0 comments/ recommendation 5
house is truly
0 historical facts 2
charming.
0 description of interior 4
bright colours -
chimney - small front
garden - rwers -
path - four steps -
trees

Inside, the house is

cosy.

big windows - wooden .

floors - nicely I
decorated - bright
colours - modern
comfortable furniture‘
staircase leading ‘7 fl
upstairs to a bedroom a... l

When we write an article about a building we can

divide it into five paragraphs. In the introduction, we
give the name and location of the building and/or the
reason for choosing it. In the second paragraph, we
give historical facts about the building [e.g. who
designed it, when and why it was built, etc). In the
third paragraph, we describe the exterior of the
building (e.g. what it is made of, appearance,
gardens, etc). In the fourth paragraph, we describe
the interior of the building (e.g. rooms, furniture,
pictures, etc). In the conclusion, we write general
comments about the building and give our
recommendation. We normally use present tenses to
describe the exterior and the interior of the building
and past tenses to write about the historical facts.
 fl
2 a) The editor of your local magazine has asked for articles on a c) Read the following
famous building in your town. Look at the map, the pictures and paragraphs. Which one
the prompts, then use them to answer the questions that follow. would you use as a
conclusion for your
article? Why?
(See p. 162)
Southwark, London “ "V . A I have never been to such a
great place. There was so
much to see that I want to go
and stay there again next
summer. It's a place I’ll never
forget.
B The new Globe Theatre is a
fascinating and wondertul
place to visit. Visitors now
have the opportunity to see
how plays were performed
over tour hundred years ago.

2 8 Write an article (120-180

words) about The Globe
Theatre for your school
magazine. Use your
answers in Ex. 27 and the
plan below. You can use
1 What is the name of the building, and where is it located? the article in Ex. 24 as a
2 When was it originally built, and who by? model.
3 What happened in TOT 3? When was it pulled down? (See P- 162l
4 When was the new theatre rebuilt and opened to the public?
(See p. (62)

b) Use the pictures above and the prompts below to talk about (nfroducfion
the Globe Theatre, as in the example. (Para 1) name, location o f
building
Exterior: - walls made at traditional material (bricks, wood and special and/or reason for
plaster made from sand, lime and goat hair) choosing it
- shape of building is round Main Body
T twenty srdes , (Para 2) historical facts
— small square Windows (Para 3) descri f . f
pron o
- thatched root exterior
Interior: - open stage on ground tloor (Para 4) description of
— two pillars interior
- ceiling of small root painted with sun/moon/stars Conclusion
- two storeys of galleries (Para 5) general
— audiences sit on benches comments,
recommendations
The Globe Theatre’s walls are made o f traditional materials. For
example, bricks and wood have been used, as well as a special
plaster made from sand, lrme and goat hair. (See (3- ((32)

41
 3 Underline the correct word.

1 The ozone layer is being contaminated/damaged

by the use of aerosols.
2 Zoos help to preserve threatened/endangere
species.

Nature's Deforestation is destroying/polluting the forests.

The Eden Project was built to increase/improve
the living conditions of animals in captivity.

Warning 5 Factories should not be allowed to pump

industrial waste/greenhouse gases into rivers,
lakes or secs.
6 Many species are being wiped out/ruined by
Vocabulary deforestation.
7 Global warming is caused by heat dumped/
1 Match the headlines to the problems, then ask trapped in the atmosphere.
and answer questions, as in the example.
_ qveilishi‘ng
Fishing Village Becomes Ghost Town What are the following threatened by? Match
.
"0' o ' o e
Ha. the prompts and make sentences, as in the
f, NORrHERNEUROPE, TROPICAL example. There may be more than one
PARADISE OF HErum. . answer in some cases.
overfishing
elephants b a logging companies
Tu rns Black o ff 0, ] Sp,"
thea Coast o f NorwaY
deforestationl .- Se rare plants o/e b hunters
fish d c aerosols
air P°“U“°” ANIMALS LIVING 1NBARTON forests a /e d waste and sewage
’—
deforesttion woonLenHOMELESS the ozone layer c 6 acid rain
oil spill
D Elephants are threatened by hunters.
global warming j 10 SCHOOL CHILDREN HOSPHALISE (See p. 163)
Wl'l‘IlBREATHlNGPROBLEMS -
A: Why has the fishing village become a ghost town?
5 a) Do these problems cause land, water, air
or noise pollution? Look at the table below
B: Because of overfishing. (See p. 163) and tick (I). You can add your own ideas.
2 a) Match the problems to the pictures.
A drought C endangered species oil spills
B forest fires D industrial waste exhaust fumes
traffic jams
#d

dropping
rubbish in the
countryside
5 pumping
industrial waste
into rivers
0 spraying crops
with chemicals

b) Use the prompts in the table above to

make sentences, as in the example.
Oil spills cause water pollution. Exhaust fumes
cause air pollution. Traffic jams cause air/noise
b) Work in pairs. What headlines Would you pollution. Dropping rubbish in the countryside causes
Write for the problems above? (See P~ 163) land pollution. Pumping industrial waste into rivers
causes water pollution.
 Iii:

tn'ltbl
c) Match the solutions below to the problems Using phrases from the list, suggest ways to
in part a, then complete the sentences, as in improve the quality of our water, food and
the example. ‘ . U se the p i' ct u r e stoh | e p y o u. (See p.163)
air
0 We should 0 We must stop
If we fine factories, they 0 It would be a good idea
won’t pump industrial waste 0 I believe we must etc 9 “ |

into rivers. 2 .\ . - I

. |:' ill,
t

If we ban cars from the city

centre, there won't be so
many traffic jams.

If we fit cars with petrol

filters, there won’t be so
many exhaust fumes.

l If we introduce stricter litter

l'ittifliJDUGE
STRlCTERl. laws, People WON'T drop
El LITTER LAWS ll rubbish in the countryside.

‘PTTTIEIZS Ty“
if we build better oil tankers,
BEfiEg there won't be so many oil
on TANKERS I, spills.

We should clean up
our rivers and lakes.
Your uncle is a factory owner. Persuade him
to make the changes you suggest.
9 Circle the correct response.
0 tell him he should stop burning rubbish, and
give a reason 1 A: Have you seen today's paper?
0 tell him he should stop pouring chemicals B: a No, I hate them.
into the river, and give a reason @ No, I've been too busy.
0 disagree with the arguments presented by 2 A: Is he in some sort of trouble?
your uncle and give counter-arguments B:@ He could be.
° suggest a solution b No, he isn’t there.
3 A: Let's go home.
B: a I’m not surprised.
What is Wrong with: - the Water We drink? (9 Can't we stay a little longer?
- the food we eat? - the air We breathe? 4 A: This is a waste of time.
Use the prompts to make sentences, as in the B:@ I agree.
example. b No, not yet.
5 A: It's a total mess.
0 smoke and gases from factories
B: a It’s not this one.
0 traffic fumes 0 crop sprays 0 chemicals
(D It’s not that bad.
The water we drink has been polluted with 6 A: I'm fed up with exams.
chemicals. The food we eat has been contaminated B: a Idon't think so.
by crop sprays and chemicals. The air we breathe has @ So am |.
been polluted by traffic fumes and gases from
factories.
._I

43
 1 0 Complete the sentences below using Mo to
four Words, including the word in bold.
Grammar
1 2 Fill in: is/are, was/ were, have/has, will.
The council must work together with the Which sentences are not in the passive?
community to clean up the neighbourhood.
cooperation The council must work in co-
operation with the community to
clean up the neighbourhood.
The politician continued with his speech, even
though no one was listening.
carried The politician carried on with his
speech, even though no one was
Vow-nonto—

listening.
From lst July, parking in the city centre will be
banned.
effect The parking ban in the city centre The recycling bins are emptied every Monday.
will come into effect on lst July. There is a documentary on TV about Greenpeace
4 Jim's teacher was angry with him because he tonight.
missed the test. The building has been redecorated by
trouble Jim was in trouble with his professionals.
The palace will be open to the public next April.
0~Ui-A
teacher because he missed the test.
Children under l 2 should not play with this toy. This record has been banned by radio stations.
suitable This toy is not suitable for children An announcement was made about the tube
under )2. strike.
The council completed its plan to build a new The family have sent out over 100 invitations.
sports centre. Martha was working last weekend.
out The council carried out its plan to They have found a great new way to save fuel.
build a new sports centre. I couldn’t go to the new pool because it was
7 Jim was delayed in heavy traffic, so he was late being used for a TV commercial.
for work.
(Not in passive: 2 , 4 , 7, 8, 9)
held Jim was late for work because he
was held up in heavy traffic.
1 3 Put the verbs in brackets into the correct
passive tense.
1] Match the words in each column, then say
1 A: Did you know Jane was taken (take) to hospital
what we use each item for, as in the
last night?
example.
No! What happened?
>FP>FP

: She was hit (hit) by a car.

cheese opener
Oh, not That’s awful!
pencil dryer : Great news! We been offered (offer) a new
nut grater job.
tin peeler
>93

That's wonderful! When do you start?

hair sharpener : Did you know that the house was built (build)
dish washer over a century ago?
potato cracker B: No, I thought it was only about 30 years old.
It's in good condition, isn’t it?
i - c We use a cheese A: Yes, it has been well maintained (maintain).
grater to grate cheese. A: Do you know why cars have been/are/were
. banned (ban) from the city centre?
: No, I haven’t a clue!
i).>UJ

(See p. l63) It’s the new council plan. They say it's so that
pollution can/will be reduced (reduce).

44
5 A: Did you see the news last night? 5 The dessert was served with cream.
.0?

No — why? 6 The fields were sprayed with environmentally-

A: Oh, it was quite funny. While the new mayor friendly chemicals.
was being interviewed (interview), his hat 7 The survey was conducted by UPC Research.
blew off and landed in a huge puddle. 8 A statement was issued by'the company.
6 A: In the future, smoking will not be allowed
(not/allow) in public places. 1 6 Expand the newspaper headlines into Full
B: That's good! sentences, using the correct form of the
7 A: Everybody knows that the ozone layer is being passive.
destroyed (destroy) by aerosol sprays and
greenhouse gases.
B: Of course, but not enough is being/ has been
done (do) about it.
8 A: Hi! I’m glad you're back on the team. Why
did you miss last week’s game?
B: I was (being) punished (punish) for not doing
my homework.

14 The manager of the Haley Wildlife Sanctuary

is talking to his assistant about his Work.
AnsWer the questions, using the prompts l Ghenical disaster caused by local
below, as in the example. energy company at the weekend

1 A: Have you contacted the new volunteers yet? A chemical disaster was causedby a local
B: Yes / new volunteers / telephone / yesterday _ energy company at the weekend.
Yes — the new volunteers were telephoned tragic train crash
2 10 killed in Friday’s
yesterday.
2 A: Have you cleaned the cages yet?
3 Saltley Museum to be openedby local historian
8: No / cages cleaned/ this afternoon
No - the cages will be cleaned this afternoon.
3 A: Have you faxed the report to Head Office yet? 4 tailor children reunited with nurenis
B: Yes / report / faxed / last Friday ay
urd
Yes — the report was faxed last Friday. 5 Hikers trapped in avalanche since Sat
4 A: Have you ordered the equipment for the
veterinary surgeons? 6 Brad Pitt expected to win 2 Oscars
B: No / equipment / order / tomorrow morning
No - the equipment will be ordered
tomorrow morning.
5 A: Have you put the new squirrel in his own
Listening
cage? 17 CW.» will hear four children1qabout what
B: Yes / new squirrel / moved/ first thing this they think life will be like in the year 2050. For
morning speakers 1-4, choose from the list A-E which
Yes — the new squirrel was moved first thing statement applies to each child. There is one
this morning. extra statement that you do not need to use.

15 Fill in: by or with. A Life on Earth will be ideal. Speaker 1

B There won't be enough space
l St. Louis Zoological Park is owned and operated E Speaker 2
for everyone on the earth.
by the city council. C There will be no water at all. Speaker 3
2 Oils are thick paints used by artists. D The air will be clean.
w

Records have been replaced by tapes, CDs and E People will develop breathing El Speaker 4
DVDs. problems.
4 Hard Times was written by Charles Dickens.
45
 b) Read the article and choose which title
Communication from the list best fits each paragraph. There is
(Agreeing/Disagreeing) one title that you do not need to use.
1 8 Use the prompts to make short dialogues, as A A threat to life D The need for change
in the example. Who could be talking in each B A chemical reaction E Blame it on energy
dialogue (e.g. friends, parent-child, etc)? C .fgctgrhfictigizr ____F____yl/hat
rvr-L-O—
done?
can—bem;—-n—.~3
r

0 empty the bins all the time l

0 help with the housework AcidRain
0 come home late at night I l Fact or fiction?
0 ask before using the computer Can you imagine a warld iwhe'reuacid falls-out df‘th’e
0 tidy room 0 not study hard enough risky? It sonnds like somethingirom scien’ce'fidion, but
0 do washing up 0 spend hours on the phone it happens every day on planet Earth». Acid rain is'o l
-‘ f‘i‘se‘rious environmental problem which is g'eningfweis
tall
Agreeing Disagreeing the time. It {destroys building's, plants and wildlife, l
That’s true. That's not true. and it is slowly poisoning the-”entire planet".
I do agree with that. I disagree with that. -Bl.arne it on energy
So do I/Me too. Neither do |. Acid rain is caused by cars and lorries, factories
‘ land electric: power plants that use fossil fuels, such
I empty the bins all the time. 1 as -_oil and coal. In recent years, we have used
So do I! (two flatmates) more and more fossil fuels to provide, energy for our
t homes and businesses. Asia Leeuli, the mount of
You never help with the housework. .‘t

That’s not true. (wife-husband) acid rain has increased dramatically.

A chemical reaction
[See p. 163)
.Wh‘e‘n fossil fuels: are burned they release gases
Reading coiled sulphur dioxide and» nitrogen" oxide into the
atmosphere. These gases mix with water to form
9 a) Match the prompts (A-E) to the pictures , clouds of dangerous acids. When rain falls from
(1-5). Which cause acid rain and which are
these clouds, it is highly acidic; and causes a
part of the solution?
great-deal of damage to our planet.
cause acid rain:B, C, E solution: AA
solar energy panels A threat to life
electric power plants Aci- rain damages many different kinds of plants,
fumes from cars and lorries including the .crops and treeswhich provide us with
food. It also pollutes our lakes and streams, and
public transport
smoke from factories
consequently the fish and theanimals that drink it.
Vari‘0us species of plants and wildlife are “in danger
ofibecoming extinct‘sas a result toffagcfid rain.
What can be done? _ _
so' ‘how‘ca‘n We prevent acid rain from Completely
destroying Qur planet? The answer is ”simple. We
must cut down. as much as possible on our use of
fossil fuels. We should find alternative terms of
energy, sUCh as solar power, to. sjupply our homes
and businesses, and use public- transport instead
of private Cars. Only by doing, this can We s'OVe
our planet from acid rain.

c) Can you think of any other alternative

forms of energy?
(e.g. wind power, hydrogen engines)
d) Can you think of other suggestions to help
stop acid rain?
leg. filters for factories/cars, stricter laws)
 2] Write appropriate supporting sentences for
the following topic sentences.
I To begin with, public transport should be improved.
When we write an article suggesting solutions to (people avoid using cars -9 reduce pollution levels)
problems, we usually divide it into five paragraphs.In 2 Finally, it would be a good idea to introduce
the first paragraph, we outline the problem(s) and/ or stricter laws for those who hunt animals illegally.
cause(s).In the main body (paras 2-4), we present our (long-term prison sentences -t deter hunters from
suggestions and their results. In the last paragraph, we killing animals for their skin, ivory, etc;
( e e p. (63)
summarise or restate our opinion. We can use Firstly,
Secondly, etc to introduce each paragraph, as well as 22 Match the suggestions to the results. Then
phrases of suggestion, such as it would help if , it expand the prompts into full sentences,
would be a good idea if , one/another solution/ linking them with appropriate phrases, as in
good idea is to , a(nother) useful suggestion would the example. You may add your OWn ideas.
be to , etc. To introduce results, we can use By
doing this, In this way, If this were done, As a result,
Therefore, etc.
“x.
20 a) Read the article and replace the phrases
in bold with other synonymous ones.
stop cutting down O make new prod
IE.‘COndItI0nS trees reduce/litter
in our city are getting worse every
day. The traffic is awful and the stre
ets are full of use alternative form. b animals/birds/not . _
uted you can , of energy Iose/natural habitats 4“: '
litter. What's more, the air is so poll
How can we / recycle containers, natural resources/
hardly see the sky through the smog.
r place to live and ,f‘ papers, etc not come to an
“make our city a cleaner, healthie
. , end/reduce air
work in?
rove air quality. I pollution caused by
® Firstly, steps must be taken to imp -.,_
Vggteulsgbsggslti‘ on ‘s to car s from the \ harmful gases
.A would be to ban
be fewer cars on
city centre. In this way, there would
ful gases would I -b Firstly, it would be a good idea to stop cutting
the roads and lower levels of harm
this were done, down trees. If this were done, animals and
be released into the atmosphere. If \

there would be less smog over the city. birds wouldnot lose their naturalhabitats.
' Id hel it Ide, , . (See p. l o 3 )
liid be apg ood a if fac tories
®.Secondly, it II/d
lt of this would 23 A local newspaper has asked its readers to
were moved out of the area. The resu
. Alternatively, write articles entitled ”How to improve the
be that air pollution would be reduced
filters to stop global environment’. Write your article
(it
would help if factories used special
atmosphere. J.
poisonous gases escaping into the suggesting Ways to improve our environment.
th ood idea woueldto be to ‘ Use the plan below and your answers in Ex.
© Finallyflbllfort esr should be mad deal With the
ed quite easily 22. You can use the article in Ex. 20 as a
problem of litter. This could be solv model.
lic places. As (See p. I 6 3 )
by providing more rubbish bins in pub
litter on the
1a.” result, people would stop dropping Jim
' .
grou nd.
ove conditions. In :
© The re are many ways to impr Introduction
action g
our city. Putting some of these ideas into (Para I ) state the problem/s) and/ or
ryone.
would definitely make life better for eve
//
- . 7-
.4- the cause/s)
Mr..--
Main Body
b) Match the topics (A-E) to paragraphs 1-5. (Para 2-4) suggestions andresults
Conclusion
A Air pollution (cars) 2 B Litter 4
(Para 5) summarise your opinion
C Air pollution (factories) 3 D Conclusion5
E Introduction (state the problem[s]) I

Ii
Ia‘
i
ira—

5 Keiko is a careers
adviser.

One Good
Turn Deserves
Another! b) In pairs, ask and answer questions, as
i n the example. [see p ll

Vocabulary Where does a doctor work?

He/She Works in a hospital.
] a) Look at the people in the pictures, then use
What do you think he/she does at work?
the prompts to say where they work and what
. they do, as in the example. He/She cures sick people and treats illnesses.

Where? 0 hospital 0 iob centre 0 city streets c) Which of these iobs Would be best for
0 ambulance/hospital 0 beach/pool you? Why? (85' own answers}

What? 0 cure sick people, treat illnesses Use the adiectives below to act out
0 make sure people don't park illegally dialogues, as in the example.
0 help people find work
0 rescue swimmers in danger 0 stressful 0 interesting 0 rewarding 0 boring
0 help in medical emergencies 0 exciting 0 difficult 0 tiring 0 challenging
0 nerve-racking 0 dangerous 0 satisfying
(See p. l 64)
What’s a doctor’s job like?
It’s very stressful.
Real/y? Why do you think so?
Because he is responsible for people’s lives.
That’s true, but it’s also rewarding. It must be
very satisfying to help cure people and save
2 ‘ Roy is a traffic
people’5 lives. (See p. l 64)
warden.
r : ' -r.”" ‘V' -.1 rs.”
Use the prompts below to act out dialogues,
i Della is a doctor. as in the example.
She works in a hospita
l. Problems
IMIIIII

She cures sick people

and treats illnesses. 0 I’ve got toothache/earache/backache/
stomach ache/a headache.
0 My shoulder/chest/knee/arm/back hurts.

Suggestions
0 take an aspirin 0 see a dentist
0 go to the doctor 0 use some ear-drops
0 lie down 0 take a painkiller
S i : What’s wrong with you?
52 : I’ve got a headache.
S i : Why don’t you take an aspirin? (See p. 164)
F—t

Fill in with phrases from the list. Add the prefixes re-, over-, mis-, un- and
under- to the verbs to complete the sentences.
0 take care 0 do something about
0 keen on 0 look after I don't have time to unpack my books.

N—l
‘ 0 work at 0 spend time with If you don’t stop misbehaving in class,
you‘ll be sent to the headmaster.
Jane was late for work because she overslept.
Dear Max, The social services department is understaffed;
st news. that's why it doesn't work properly.
How are you? l'm writing to tell you my late The more paper we recycle, the fewer trees will
cam-punt
I'm going to llw ork at a refugee have to be cut down.
res pon sibilities
i Rwanda. l can't wait to leave. My
children and
EIiWiIl be to 2) look after orphaned
. also going to ‘
3) take care of the elderly.I’m
ching them hofyv to Fill in: charitable, developing, priority,
.4] spend time with the locals, tea
ugh our e orts physical, skills, relief, distribution, supplies.
l grow their own food.I hope that thro
the terrible
we'll be able to 5) do something about
in.
conditions that these people have to live It should be a governmentpriority to
people. I
‘l’m really 6) keen on helping these find shelter for the homeless.
can make a
hope that in some small way, I Many countries in the developing world are in
difference. urgent need of medical supplies.
nth.
l hope to see you before I leave next mo This foundation teaches the disabled the basic
life skills they need to survive.
Love,
Our local charity sent twenty relief workers
Vicky to Somalia last year.
My mother goes shopping twice a week for
people with physical disabilities.
Most charitable organisations help with water
and food distribution to poor countries.
5 Circle the correct response.

l A: You shouldn’t go to bed late. Underline the correct preposition.

B: a I'm not surprised.
@ No, I guess not. My parents have been members to/gf Oxfam for
2 A: How long will he have to wear the cast for? twelve years.
B : @ I'm not sure. Many homeless people rely with/<11the kindness
b It's almost finished. of strangers.
My teacher gave me advice cit/for how to
3 A: Guess who called me last night — Terry! prepare for my exams.
B: a All right. Our local shelter provides food, clothes and
@ Really? blankets from/lg those in need.
I 4 A: Mum says I have to stay in bed for a week. He is dedicated on/tg doing all he can to help
B:@ I’m afraid she’s right. save our planet.
b Good for her!
5 A: I'm going to work for VSO next year. Complete the sentences with two to tour
B: @ That sounds like a great experience. Words, including the word in bold.
b We won't argue about it.
There was a distress signal from the ship ten
6 A: You never pay attention to me, do you? minutes before it sank.
B: a Do I? sent The ship sent out a distress signal ten
@ That’s not true. minutes before it sank.

49
 2 My mum asked for a doctor to be sent when my 1 3 Report what these people said, as in the
little brother had a high fever. example.
sent My mum sent for a doctor when my little
brother had a high fever. 1 Mary: ”l'm late for work.”
3 The captain of the team was told to leave the Mary said (that) she was late for work.
field for bad behaviour. 2 lane: ”Tom has parked his car in front of mine.”
sent The captain of the team was sent off the Jane said (that) Tom had parked his car in front of hers.
field for bad behaviour. 3 Lucy: "I’ll buy some coffee on my way home.”
4 Over twenty people submitted applications for Lucy said (that) she would buy some coffee on her way home.
the post of assistant manager. 4 Fred: ”I'm going to Thailand.”
sent Over twenty people sent in applications Fred said (that) he was going to Thailand.
for the post of assistant manager. 5 Allen: "I broke your CD player by accident.”
Allen said (that) he had broken my CD player by accident.
<5 Kathy: ”My sister is coming home on Monday.”
Grammar Kathy said (that) her sister was coming home onMonday.
7 Carla: "I work as a relief worker."
1 0 Fill in the correct question tag. Carla said (that) she works/worked as a relief worker.
8 Duncan: ”I'll water the flowers."
Duncan said (that) he would water the flowers.
You can ride a bike, can't you?
She helped you, didn't she?
Emma works in an art gallery, doesn't she?
Let's go fora walk, shall we?
ooaowoouhq-a

l He went to live near

He's got a laptop, hasn’t he?
the mountains so
The Browns are Welsh, aren't they? that he MW
Cathy is a nurse, isn’t she? was able to
Close the door, will you? go climbing
We were late, weren't we? every
weekend.
_a

She hasn't been here before, has she?

2 All of the
students
1 1 Use the following question tags to ask your could/m
partner questions, as in the example. m pass
the exam ‘ Jr)
0 aren’t you? 0 can’t you? 0 didn’t you? 0 isn't he/she? because it was easy.
0 don't you? 0 have you? 0 shall we? 0 weren't you? 3 Tom could/was able to read and write when he
was only three years old.
It
You are a student, aren you? 4 She couldn't/wasn't able to speak any French at
all before she went to live in Paris.
(See p. ((54)
5 | couldn’t/wasn’t able to go to the meeting,
because I had a dentist's appointment.
1 2 Underline the correct verb.

1 Mary toil/said Tom what had happened the ] 5 In pairs, ask and answer, as in the example.
other day.
2 Mum said/toil us to go to bed. 0 cook 0 read 0 write 0 dance 0 swim
3 The Connors §a_icl/told they were moving to 0 use a computer 0 ride a bike 0 tell the time
Scofland.
4 My uncle said/t9l=d us some funny stories. A: Could you cook when you were five?
5 My dentist told/ml that I had to floss every night. B: No, I couldn't. Could you read when you
6 Jenny tgld/said her brother to lock the door were five?
before he left the house. A: Yes, lcould. Could you...
(See p. ((54)
50
 1 7 Read the text below and answer the questions that follow, by
Reading choosing A, B or C.
fiHollstlc
1 6 a) What different ways are
there of curing illnesses, 1"”
"r
aches and pains? Have you
' - m‘” 4 Medicine .
ift‘9listic medicine is the belief in treating the person as a whole - including l
ever heard of holistic
their emotions and general health— rather than just treating the symptoms of i
medicine? Look at the pictures
a disease. Preventative and therapeutic forms of treatment range from. l
and say what you think each reflexology and aromatherapy to gemstone and crystal therapy.
one shows. 6

(See p. 165) Reflexology is an ancient form of holistic treatment, with links to Arabic and
Eastern cultures. It is based on the principle that major glands and organs of
the body correspond to areas on the feet and hands. Therapy involves using
pressure on a particular area of the foot. which in'tum stimulates the nerve
connection. Reflexology, it is claimed, also helps improve the body’s blood.
circulation as well as removing toxins.
Aromatherapy has been practised in one form or another since the beginning
of civilization. it involves the use of pure oils from aromatic flowers, herbs and.
spices to enhance health and beauty. Apart from the physical benefits to the
face and body. the oils can also have a calming effect on the mind and '
emotions. The oils are most effective when applied directly to the skin. but
they can also be added to bathwater or inhaled.
Another alternative therapy for strengthening and energising the body, as well
as treating illnesses, is the use of crystals and gemstones. Therapy involves
wearing the stones around the neck or placing them on particular parts of the
body. The special healing powers of the stones is then passed on. Gemstones
and crystals are also believed to help the wearer feel more related and
mentally alert. This, in turn, allows the body to heal itself more naturally.
Although holistic medicine is not a new idea. such alternative forms of therapy
have been gaining popularity in recent years. Increasing numbers of people I
b) Circle the item you think avoid orthodox methods of treatment in favour of more natural (and often ‘
is correct. more successful) processes. Holistic medicine may not be for everyone, but
, more and more people are using these therapies to cure a wide range or
1 Holistic medicine \n‘i-edicalproblems. . .. .. -
@ treats the patient as a .4fi.-—‘N‘Vn - _
’A -‘*
.“

whole.
b can’t treat the symptoms of a l Massaging the feet will 3 Wearing stones can
ll disease. A relax the nerves. A give you mental strength.
B apply pressure to major B improve your skin.
2 Reflexology
glands and organs. © help the body get well by
a can only help you if you
© improve the body's circulation. making you feel relaxed.
have problems with your
feet or hands. 2 Using oils from flowers and herbs 4 Holistic treatment
@ helps remove toxins from the A is a new type of medicine. A helps people succeed.
body. improves your appearance. B is often not as natural as
3 Aromatherapy involves C only works when they are _ orthodox treatments.
using pleasant smelling oils. rubbed into the skin. © is becoming more popular.
b having flowers in the house.
4 Patients who have gemstone 1 8 Read the text again and match the words in bold to their
therapy definitions below.
@ believe in the healing powers
of crystals and gemstones. normal or usual; placed or put; poisons; changes in the body
b need to stay mentally alert that indicate illness; giving energy to somebody or something;
during the therapy. breathed in; something done to help cure an illness; have a
close connection (See p. iéS)
51
 ) 9 Which of the following Would be a suitable Writing (a letter to the editor
alternative title for the text?
discussing a problem and
0 Alternative Therao-i making suggestions)
0 Self-Help for Illnesses
0 Beads and Flowers areJust the Thing 22 Look at the picture and
ansWer the questions.
Listening (See p. 165)
0 Where do you think
20 Q Y o u will hear a conversation between this man lives?
three people who are at the doctor’s 0 How do you think he
surgery. AnsWer the questions by Writing 1 spends his day?
(for Lisa), J (for James) or S (for Sarah) in 0 Why do you think he
the boxes. has a trolley? What do
you think is in it?
l Who has got a problem with their back? 0 What is being done to
2 Who drove to the surgery? help the homeless
3 Who has a problem with their ear? people in your country?
4 Who knows a cure for earache?
5 Who wants a second opinion?
6 Who is waiting for some test results?
7 Who feels nervous about visiting the 2 3 a) Read the letter below and put the iumbled
doctor? paragraphs in the correct order.
8 Who has had the same doctor for 7 ,4._,_..———;<—-_‘-’
many years?
Dear Sir/Madam,
Communication -T0Fbselg§inowith, one idea would be to establish '
are long-term, permanent accommodation. As a
(making & accepting invitations) recsllftaufionfeless people would then feel less
degraded and isolated knowing they had a roof over
2] a) Use the prompts to complete the dialogue.
their“0nd ‘citféitsgfiy' .
sum up, | feel that we, as a soonety,
0 Are you doing 0 Shall we 0 Let’s meet 0 How about should do all we can to help overcome the
problems of homelessness. I hope my suggestions
Jane: Are you doing anything tonight? will encourage people to take positive action. ‘
Molly: No, I haven't got any plans. Why? .‘I am writing about the serious problem of
Jane: How about coming to the cinema? “Return iomelessness which seems to be affecting more and
of a Hero” is on at the Plaza. It starts at more people every day. I firmly believe that steps
8 pm. must be taken immediately in order to deal with this
Molly: Great. Let's meet outside the cinema at Issue.
7:30 pm. -Wsheactorilsllfnore, homeless people deserve to
Jane: OK. Shall we go fora coffee after the film? be provided with some kind of iob training. This
Molly: Good idea. See you there. Bye. would certainly give them confidence to find work
in the future. In this way they would gain a sense of
b) In pairs, use the phrases to act out similar independence and become self-sufficient.
dialogues. Yours faithfully,
F. Jone;
0 be free? 0 nothing special 0 What about ? Frederick Jones
0 not feel like that 0 Why don't we ?
0 that be nice 0 What time ...? 0 pickup?
0 r t o 8:30
9 ea pm (See p. 165)

52
 b) Replace the Words/phrases in bold with Do you agree with this statement?
the following: 0 What kinds of difficulties do you think the
elderly have? Think about loneliness, difficulty in
0 in conclusion 0 secondly 0 consequently moving about, illnesses, etc.
0 first of all 0 What could be done to solve these problems?
0 What could be the result of these solutions?
(See p. l65)
26 Read the suggestions (1-3) and match them
to the results (A-C), then Write sentences
using therefore, as a result or this means
When we write a letter to the editor of a newspaper/ that, as in the example.
magazine to discuss a problem and make suggestions
about it, we can divide it into four paragraphs.In the There should be specially-equipped, more
introduction, we state the reason for writing the letter frequent public transport.
and our opinion about the topic.In the second and Leisure centres and lunch clubs should be
third paragraphs, we present our suggestions and established.
their results.In the conclusion, we summarise or
Local supermarkets could provide a home
restate our opinion using different words. Letters to the
delivery service.
editor are usually written in formal or semi-formal
style. A Elderly people would be less anxious and
stressed about shopping. They would probably
24 Write appropriate supporting sentences for have a healthier diet.
the topic sentences below. B Elderly people would be able to get out. They
wouldn't be housebound or feel isolated.
_a

To begin with, we could have more car parks. C Elderly people would have a social life and
2 Furthermore, we could provide more bins along make friends. They would enioy life more.
the coast.
3 What is more, we could encourage people to I -B There should be specially-equipped, more
use public transport. frequent public transport. As a result, elderly
(See p 165)
people wouldbe able to
25 Read the rubric and underline the key (See p. l65)
Words, then ansWer the questions that
follow. 27 Use the plan below and your ansWers in Exs.
25-26 to write your letter (120-180 Words).
You can use the letter in Ex. 23 as a model.
(See p. l l

Introduction
[Para l ) reason for writing and your
opinion
Main Body
(Paras 2-3) suggestions and results

Conclusion
(Final para) summarise/restate your
opinion
”Not enough is being done to help elderly
Beagle." Write a letter to the editor of your local
newspaper stating your opinion about this problem
and making suggestions about what could be done.
 2 a) look at the pictures. Which items: do people
collect? are used to play sports? are musical
instruments? What are the most/least popular
activities in your country?

A H 90 Ithy People co/Iecfsfamps, (See p ' lébl

Mind in a _ “if?
Healthy Body -'
QQm’la {-3 saxophone

Vocabulary
I a) Look at the pictures and say which school
subiects you enioyled) most/least?
(55' own answers)
b) Which of these subiects do you consider
the most/least important? Why?
(85’ own answers)

i
., 1. 1""?
football

b) Talk about your favourite free-time

activity. Explain:

0 what it is and why you like it.

0 when you started.
Chemistry
0 how much time you spend on it.
54 (See p. lbé)
 Put the words from the list in the correct Your friend wants to ioin the boxing club at
column, then make sentences, as in the school. However, you think that boxing is a
example. violent and dangerous sport. Persuade him
not to join the boxing club.
0 racquet 0 tennis 0 court 0 field
0 football 0 golf 0 table 0 baseball 0 tell him that you think it’s a dangerous sport
0 football boots 0 clubs 0 snooker and give reasons
0 water polo 0 cue 0 pool 0 course 0 disagree with his arguments
0 swimming cap 0 pitch 0 baseball mitt 0 suggest an alternative sport
(See p. lbb)
Sport: Place: Equipment: Fill in: sessions, active, compete, dedicated,
tennis court racquet referee, battle, concentrate, range.
football pitch football boots
golf course clubs I'm going to the archery range after work to
snooker table cue practise for the tournament.
baseball field baseball mitt Tracy is a(n) dedicated athlete who spends hours
water polo pool swimming cap every day working on her technique.
Come on — concentrate on the exercise and stop
Tennis is played on a court. To play tennis you talking.
need a racquet. I'm fighting a losing battle! I’m never going to
(See p. l é é ) pass this test!
The team has three training sessions every
a) Match the qualities (a-d) to the people (1- week.
4), then make sentences, as in the example. The referee blew his whistle and the match
began.
Person Quality Lucy has a very active lifestyle. She plays several
1 chess la er a athletic raceful sports and is involved in a number of clubs.
2 mountcltoineler ( b patient, iatelligent 8 Pete and Trevor always compete with each other.
3 ballet dancer , c imaginative, talented
\d
4 painter athletic, adventurous
7 Complete each sentence with M0 to four
A chess player needs to be patient and intelligent. words, including the word in bold.
(See p. TOO)
b) Match the pastimes (L4) to the descriptions 1 I don’t like football.
(a-d), then ask and answer questions, as in the keen I am not keen on football.
example. 2 Jenny and her mother both have blonde hair,
blue eyes and a pale complexion.
Pastime Description takes Jenny takes after her mother.
l chess a creative; takes a lot of 3 The dentist said, ”I'll have to remove the tooth.”
/ artistic skill out The dentist said that he would have to
2 mountaineerin ‘b a slow game; takes a lot of take out the tooth.
\ thought and concentration 4 When Mr Grey left, Peter was given his job as
3 ballet (dan ng)\ c physically demanding; manager.
\ exciting but dangerous took When Mr Grey left, Peter took over as
4 painting d physically demanding; move- manager.
ments must flow smoothly 5 Qualified instructors are always available to
help you.
A:
Why does a chess player need to be patient hand There are always qualified instructors
and intelligent? on hand to help you.
B: Because chess is a slow game and it takes a
lot of thought and concentration.
(See p. lbé)
55
 8 Circle the correct response. ' l o a) Turn the following sentences into reported
speech.
1 When did they set off?
A: Before they left. l ”OK, Richard, breathe out as you sit up,” said
® Early this morning. the trainer.
2 You must concentrate. The trainer told Richard to breathe out as he
A: Why not? sat up.
We’ll try. 2 ”Keep your back straight,” said the instructor.
3 "Don't bend your knees!” said the coach.
3 They are such good players, how are we going 4 ”Can you feel your stomach muscles tightening?"
to beat them? the personal trainer asked.
A: Hit them with the ball. 5 ”Move on to the next exercise," the aerobics
® We'll do our best. instructor said. (See p. 166)
4 We must keep up the pace.
® It won’t be easy. b) Use the prompts to ask and report
B: Thank goodness it’s over! questions, as in the example.
5 Why did the coach tell us to put our backs into
ll? l how much/squash courts/per hour?
A: She’s scared we’ll hurt ourselves. How much are the squash courts per hour?
She wants us to try harder. She asked how much the squash courts were
6 I'm expecting my sister to arrive soon.
per hour.
A: Why didn’t she tell you she was coming? what time/gym/close?
be/gym/open/at weekends?
® What time is she coming?
be/there/sauna?
be/gym/air-conditioned?
(See p. too)
Grammar
9 Jason Wants to ask some questions about a 1 'I Look at the pictures and use the prompts to
fitness centre. Turn them into reported make as many exclamations as possible, as
questions, as in the example. in the example.

How much
- nice/dress"
does it cost
What a nige dress!
o join? _
Are there any p' .nr'ée[that dress-r
. changing IFS sucha ‘hifce dres"
roms?
"Do you have
V any special
offers?
ls the swimming
pool open every
‘hat facilities day?
[are
available?

Are the staff

What are the qualified?
. opening hours?

He askedhow much it cost to join the fitness centre.

(See p. 166)
56
 Kahanamoku opened the world’s first surfing club'In Waikiki,Hawaii, in I920. The sport became mor
and more popular and soon it was being practised all over the world.In 1960 the International Surfingg
_ Committee was formed and surfers began to take part In world championships.
‘. l Many professional surfers train by running on the beach, bodybuilding and bodysurfing. Bodysurfing
involves using your body as a surfboard and letting the waves carry you back to the share. This helps to
' ..evelop a sense of balance as well as the confidence to try more adventurous moves 51.1
There are many great surfing locations all around the world. Hawaii, Australia and California are thg ‘
most famous, but surfers-tan ’catch a wave’ anywhere from Japan to Cornwall. Experienced surfers a
always searching for great Waves in undiscovered places where they can find their OWn private-paradise
Surfing is believed to have originatedzin the Pacific Ocean around the Islands of Polynesia.In order to get“
from their ships to the shore, Polynesian sailor-s are said to have ridden o n .a wooden board, the original

(55’ own answers)

 A: It’s .9360, plus the cost of materials.
Listening B: Well, it's a little expensive, but I suppose I can
afford it. 4) How do| apply?
) 3 GYou will hear four teenagers, Alison, A: 5) Would you like me to send you an
Beatrice, Eric and Nadia, discussing their application form?
problems with Valerie, a radio talk show B: That would be great!
hostess. For questions 1-5, choose the best
ansWer, A, B or C. b) In pairs, use the prompts to act out a
similar dialogue.
l Alison’s parents
A don’t care about her.
0 Business Management 0 introductory course
B are too old-fashioned.
0 2 months 0 advanced course 0 2 years
((2) don’t like her appearance.
0 full-time 0 every day from )0 am - 2 pm
2 Beatrice's schoolmates bully her because 0 £500 plus cost of books 0 further details
A they are bored. (See p. 167)
she’s a good student.
C of her appearance.
3 Valerie tells Eric Writing (a letter giving advice)
A to stop studying for a while. 1 5 a) Read the rubric and the letter below and
not to worry so much. put the paragraphs in order.
C to go on a diet.
.4
Nadia is upset with her sister because Your friend has written you a letter
A she doesn't talk to her. explaining that she has iust moved into a
B they share a room. new neighbourhood, where she is having
© she's very messy. trouble getting to know people. She asks
5 Valerie advises Nadia to you for advice on how to improve the
® discuss the problem again. situation. Write a letter in reply and
B change rooms. suggest ways in which she can meet new
C borrow her sister’s clothes. people.

Communication (asking for 'Dé'ar Lisa,

lved in;
information about a course) I’d also suggest that you 'get invo
join a local
some kind of sport. Why don't you
you could:
) 4 0) Use the prompts to complete the dialogue. team? If you don’t like team sparts,
tre in you?
join a gym or a fitness cen
’ll not only be.
neighbourhood. In this way, you
0 That sounds perfect 0 Could you tell me of people in you]:
active, but you'll also meet lots
0 Would you like 0 Can I help you
local area with similar interests. t..-
0 How do| apply
I’ve just got your letter and I’m sorry
m e to

s getting t .
hear that you are having problem
A: Hello — Bradbury Community College. 1) Can | I hope
know people in your new neighbourhood.
help you? e help to your
the following advice will be of som
.
B: Yes, I'm interested in taking your Computer
I really hope my advice will help you to g?
Studies course. 2) Could you tell me what hbourhood. ll.
to know more people in your neig
courses are available? turns out. x
be waiting to hear how everything
A: Well, we have a certificate course that takes d.
If I were you, I’d try to join some kin
three months, and a diploma that takes a year. a club
club. For instance, you could join
B: Is the certificate course full-time or part-time? s wt
school or even your local youth club. Thi
A: It's part-time. There are classes every Monday, r own age-r.
help you to meet other people of you
Tuesday and Thursday evening from o to 9 pm.
: 3) That sounds perfect. How much does it cost? Qood luck,
{Emma-L
58
F
b) Read the letter again and complete the 1 7 Read the rubric and the table, and match the
table. Then use your notes to make suggestions to the reasons. Then make full
suggestions. sentences, using the useful language in Ex. 16.
r7

Suggestion Reason Your pen friend wants to get a part-time

join some kind of meet other people of iob this summer but doesn't know how to
club your OWn age find one, so she has written to you for
"g—e't advice. Write a letter in reply giving
involved in some be active and meet
kind of sport people advice about how to look for a part-time
join a local team, meet local people (ob.
gym or fitness centre with similar interests
Suggestion Reason
look in the employment businesses looking for part-
section of the newspaper time employees with your
/ qualifications can contact you
send your CV to diff nt the counsellors can help
When we write an informal letter of advice, we start with
companies k y o u decide which jobs
Dear. In the first paragraph, we express sympathy, would suit you
then say that we understand the problem and/or that
we think we can help. In the main body (paras 2-3), get advice from yoy \ find out about the part-time
we make our suggestions, giving reasons and/or local job centre iobs which are available
examples. We write each suggestion in a separate
in your local area
paragraph. In the last paragraph, we write our (See p. 167)
closing remarks. We end our letter with Good luck/
love/etc and our first name. I 8 Write a letter of advice to
your pen friend (120-
1 6 Use these phrases to give advice on the 180 Words).
following situations. Use the plan below
and ~10 of the
1,, Useful language
suggestions in
10'
ll If I were you/in your position, I’d/l would Ex. 17 to help
l‘ lwouldn't you. You can
I Why don’t you ? use the letter in
Another good idea is to Ex. 15 as a model. fl 1". -
The best thing you can do is
(See p. 167)
(, Have you ever thought of/about ?
-' You should/shouldn't

9 This would mean that

l That way, Dear .............. ,
b If you do this, Introduction
As a result,
(Para l ) express sympathy and say
you can he/p
For example,
l'
Main Body
l I’ve put on weight. (Para 2) 7st suggestion and
2 I can't save reason/example
any money. (Para 3) 2nd suggestion and
(fl don't know what to do \2 reason/example
now that I've retire_d. / Conclusion
(Para 4) closing remarks
4 I’m new to this school and Good luck/love/etc,
I haven't got any friends. {first name)
(See p. 107)
 Use the words below to complete the
sentences.

0 record 0 user-friendly 0 kept 0 broke

0 install 0 lead 0 plug 0 build

Our Changing If we had kept a list of the things we

_I
needed to pack, we wouldn't have forgotten
our swimsuits.

World

to
I'd better start saving now, or I’ll be broke
by Christmas.
3 Jane Goodall was one of the first zoologists to
record data on chimpanzees living in the
Vocabulary wild.
Who's going to lead the next expedition
down the Amazon River?
Match the people to their achievements, then
use the verbs to ask and answer questions,
5 Lucy is going to install the new washing
as in the example. machine herself, instead of calling a plumber.
o The bank's new cashpoint system is very user-
l AlecJeffreys A the light bulb friendly.
2 Alexander B the city of 7 Joe used recycled materials to build a robot l
' Fleming Alexandria for his science project.
3 Bill Gates C DNA tests 8 You have to plug it in before you turn it on!
4 Thomas Edison D the Windows
5 Alexander computer program
the Great E penicillin How has life changed in the last 100 years?
Match the pictures and make sentences, as
0 invent 0 discover 0 devise in the example.
0 pioneer 0 found
5 I: Who pioneeredDNA tests?
52: I think it was Alec Jeffreys.
floomnsx fi
51: That’s right.
(See p. l 67)

The obiects below Were used in the past.

What has replaced them today? Make
sentences, as in the example. What other
things can you think of that have been
replaced in this Way?

houses
3 steam train

typewriter

sundial broom

In the past, people used candles. Nowadays, we use l — C A hundred years ago, people travelledin
light bulbs. wagons. Nowadays, we travelby car.
60 (See p. lo7) (See p. l 6 8 l
l'
5 Circle the correct response. Using expressions from the box below, act
out dialogues for the situations (1-3), as in
1 A: This is my third parking ticket in a week. the example.
' B:@ Good grief! (se e p_ i68)
b Isn't it wonderful? Agreeing
2 A: I wish I knew how to play the piano.
B: 0 Why not? Yes, you're quite/absolutely right.
@ Well, it's never too late to learn. Yes, I couldn’t agree with you more!
3 A: What would you like to do on Sunday? Well, I suppose you may/could be right.
B:@ That’s really up to you. Disagreeing
b | wish I felt better.
I agree up to a point, but I think
4 A: What’s wrong with you?
B: a That’s the problem. I’m afraid I can’t/don’t agree with you.
@ I'm fed up.
I think you’re wrong.
I think it would be a mistake (to ...).
5 A: I forgot to call the travel agency.
B:@ Oh well, never mind. Asking for and giving Advice
b That's a great idea!
What would you do in my place/if you were
6 A: I'm sure you've taken my favourite skirt. me? 0 Do you think I should ?
B: a It was great!
Have you thought of ? 0 What about ?
(D What do you mean?
Why don't you ? 0 If I were you, I’d
l think/don't think you should

6 Complete each sentence with Mo to four

words, including the word in bold.

1 While I was reading the newspaper I saw, by

chance, on article about an old friend of mine.
came While I was reading the newspaper I
came across an article about an old
friend of mine.
2 How long did it take you to regain
consciousness after the operation, Sue?
come How soon after the operation did
you come round, Sue?
3 She inherited a small fortune after her uncle's
death.
came After her uncle’s death, she came
into a small fortune.
4 Did you say anything when the subject of a
pay rise was mentioned again?
come Did you say anything when the
subject of a pay rise came up
again?
5 Even though I’m careful, I always catch the flu
in the winter.
come I always come down with the flu in
the winter, even though I’m careful.
 5 I : If Sarah hadn’t gone to bedat 2:00 am the night
Grammar before her driving test, she wouldn’t have woken
8 What would you advise these people to do? up at T 0:00 the following morning.
Use the prompts to make sentences, as in the 52: If Sarah hadn’t woken up etc.
(See p. l 6 8 )
example.
] 'I Look at the pictures and speech bubbles,
0 have/apple 0 ask/teacher/help 0 take/taxi then complete the wishes, as in the example.
0 send/e-mail 0 put/ad/local paper
0 stop/eat/fatty foods
I should have been
: I’m so hungry! more careful.
' If I were you,I’d have an apple.
: I’d like to lose some weight. I wish I had been
if I were you, I’d stop eating fatty foods. more careful.
' I need an assistant.
if I were you, I’d put an ad in the local paper.
I’ve got to fix the
: I’m late for work.
the sail again.
: If I were you, I’d take a taxi.
: I can’t reach Tim on the phone.
, 2 lwish I didn't
: Why don’t you send him an e-mail?
have to fix the
: I don’t know what to do for my history
sail again.
project.
05

: Have you thought of asking your teacher

Jenny is
for help?
always late.
9 Join the sentences, as in the example.
“- V 3 lwish Jenny
l If you studied hard, A she wouldn't order wasn’t always
2 If he didn't waste takeaways all the late.
money, time.
3 If I won t - B we wouldn’t go on I've got to walk the
4 |f she kn-. camping holidays. dog every day.
cook, ‘ C she would enjoy
watching football. 4 I wish I didn’t
person, D I would stop have to walk the
6 If we didn't ' working. dog every day.
camping, E you would pass 1 2 Underline the correct Word.
your exams.
F he wouldn’t be l No/Mg of my brothers have entered the
broke. competition.
2 Nor/flMary and Susan work for the health
i — E If you studied hard, you wouldpass your centre.
exams- (See p. 168) 3 All/No of our employees have attended a
computer course.
1 0 Read the text below, then use the third 4 Were Ham/et and The Tempest a l l / m written
conditional to make sentences, as in the by Shakespeare?
example. 5 None/Neither Jenny nor Carol took the post
they were offered.
The night before her driving test Sarah went to
bed at 2:00 am. The following morning, Sarah 1 3 Make true sentences about yourself and your
woke up at 10:00, missed the bus to the driving friends, as in the example.
school and arrived late for the test.
As a result, she didn’t do well in the driving test Both John andI are quite tall.
and didn’t get a driving licence. 50 she had to Neither John nor Tim are the same age as me.
take the test again. (55' own answers)
 14 ComPlete the sentences. 4 If she studied more, ...................................
5 It I weren't so tired, ....................................
1 Our neighbourhood would be a lot safer it ...... 6 He wouldn't have had the accident it .............
2 ' If he hadn't behaved rudely, ........................ 7 It you needed the money, ............................
3 I'd travel round the world it .......................... 8 She would have helped you it ......................
(See p. 168)
Reading
‘I5 a) Who is your favourite singer/group? What type of music do they play? (35' own answers)

b) Read the article below and circle the correct ansWer.

_ :— .4-
v‘marr't‘ed),
Gloria Estetan was Gloria egrewrinto arrcunti'ien't'iaria sleek
born in Havana, performer. adding dance routines as well as” or
. slumr Cuba. in 1957. At a own songs and ballads to the grdup's act. ,
_ stai young age, she had Eventually she released her first solo album,
to look after her sick Cuts Both Ways, in 1989.
father and younger While on tour in 1990, Gloria was almost
sister while her killed in a road accident. Hours of surgery were-
mother worked and necessary to straighten her spine after she
attended night suffered a broken and dislocated vertebra in her .
school. There was back. A year of physical therapy, strength of will. i
little time for a social and great support from her many fans helped I
life, so Gloria found her make a miraculous comeback. One year
peace and strength later, Gloria was again recording chart-topping
in playing the guitar albums.
‘and singing. The fact that Gloria has remained loyal to her
Gloria attended Miami University in 1975 and biscultural upbringing makes her enormously
dreamed of becoming a psychologist. Whilst popular. Her talent for writing and performing
there, the shy, overweight and serious young “emotional ballads has brought her unrivalled
woman joined a Cuban-American group called tame and success. With over 45 million records.
The Miami Latin Boys, later renamed Miami sold, she remains‘the best-selling, most popular
:iS'ound
Machine. Under the guidance of the- crosSover performer in Latinmusichistogy’...
.
iglloup's
7‘ : »-
leader, Emilia:Essenrarihom She. latefi
'_ . . 7.7;: . 1 . 1 ' .3 .» '31:. _>- -fl~
. . . .. » ; . . .
. .uu ,i»
.
- .MWv—F— v

1 When Gloria was young 4 Gloria

A she looked after her older sister. ® had twelve months at physical therapy after
B she attended night school. her accident.
C she looked after her sick mother. B was cured by a miracle.
(D) she relaxed by playing the guitar and singing. C never recovered from her accident.
2 While at university, Gloria D broke both her legs in a road accident.
A was shy and slim.
B dreamed of becoming famous.
© ioined a group called The Miami Latin Boys. c) Read the article again and make
D only wanted to have fun. conditional type 3 sentences, as in the
example.
3 Miami Sound Machine
A changed their name to The Miami Latin Boys. If Gloria hadn’t looked after her father and sister,
used Gloria's songs and dance routines in she would have had time for a social life.
their act.
C released their first album in l989.
[See p. 168)
D was led by Gloria's brother, Emilio Estetan.
63
l:
 Communication (a formal W r i t i n g (an article advertising a
telephone conversation) place)
1 6 a) Use the prompts to complete the dialogue. 1 8 a) Read the article, then choose the heading
0 Would you like to leave a message which best suits each paragraph.
0 Hold on a moment
0 How. can I help you A I An International Camp
0 May I ask who's calling 2 A Space Camp

U!
I Spend a Week with an Astronaut
Karen: Bryant and Partners — Karen speaking. 2 Camp Activities
I ) How can I help you?
C I Don't Miss Out!
Lyn: Good morning. Could I speak to the
2 Travel in Space!
manager, please?
Karen: 2) May I ask who’s calling?
Lyn: Lyn Taylor
Karen: 3) Hold on a moment, please.I’ll put you
through. (pauseII’m sorry, Ms Taylor, but he’s V
talking on another line at the moment.
4) Would you like to leave a message?
I III IIIIIIIII
Lyn: No, thank you.I'll call back later.
IllIIIIIIIIIIIIIII
b) In pairs, act out similar dialogues,
replacing the Words in bold with the prompts ,
below.

0 director / Mark Jones /Just tell him I called I);

0 sales manager / Sue Carter / I’II hold
ummer camp where young people aged 9-18‘lcan I
(See p. 168) all abeut space With 15. locatIons worldwide

Listening I B Camp Activities

] 7 QYou will hear five people talking about At Space Camp Inte‘metional, you can spend a I
the most important inventions of the 20th ‘ ’: 3k training to be an astronaut. You will experience the
II

century. Listen, and circle the reasons they ‘- eedom oI moving and walking in low gravity feel the
give for their choices. ‘ itement oI flying the space simulator and take part in a'
Ilenging simulated space mission You will even eat
I Internet 'fidce food which is Specially prepared andsleep In the
@ you can Iind information on any topic ”Sice sleeping quarters, just like a real astronaut! II all
b people can communicate cheaply and easily I ‘s is not enough, Space Camp International also eIIers II
2 Aeroplane fipeeial excursions. YOU can visit an obServatory and look I
a more people have the chance to travel I'Iegstars :or you can” take trips to local places of interest
® travel is much easier ‘ffind out more about the area.
3 Computer VIC Qan'iMiss Out! . ‘
III
a provides entertainment and education , I y<5u have some Iree time this Summer, and you .
{W
® improves people’s working lives hi to experienca the magic eI space travel, c‘a‘m'eI ta”.
4 CDs _‘5 ca Camp InternaiIonaI You'II have the time pI your II
@ you can store a lot of music on a small disc
b you get better quality of sound
5 Spaceships
@ we can learn about other planets
b we can discover new resources
64
 It
b) Now ansWer the following questions. 20 Read the advertisement, then ansWer the
questions.
I Where would you find this kind of advertisement?
2’Who is going to read this advertisement?
3 Is the style formal or informal?
4 What does the writer include in each paragraph?
5 Which technique has the writer used in the
introduction?
0 rhetorical question
0 addressing the reader directly
0 direct speech ' ooking‘for - design your own;
something web page ‘>
6 Does the writer recommend the place? How? exciting to do. '0 preduCe q 39
[See p. 168) this summer? animation film
0 interested in It.
1 9 Join the sentences below, using the Words in computers? AND MORE! ‘. .
.‘
brackets. j . aged 7-18? - enjoy '0. variety
of sports and: ' .
I It's a fantastic camp. Young people can learn all f onencmps -13 . $2950” in. _ i
about computers there. (where) ‘ ‘ loca‘tlons across .. _. . - , i
the USA team budding 11
It's a fantastic camp where young people can activities

L
learn all about computers. i. . learn how to EXCURSIONSI

'.
2 You can even build a robot or cyberpet. It’s yours create your own . visit places not? j
to take home. (which) computer game local interest
You can even build a robot or cyberpet which a build a robot or 0 go white-water
cyberpet rafting
you can take home.
Visit our website a t www.computerexp.com t o
3 You can visit places of local interest. You can go
find the location nearest you!
white-water rafting. (or)
You can visit places of local interest or you can
I What is the name of the camp? Where is it located?
go white-water rafting.
2 Who is the camp suitable for?
4 You will enjoy a wide range of activities. You will 3 What can you do there?
have the chance to go on excursions. (and) 4 How would you begin/end an article advertising
You will enjoy a wide range of activities and this camp?
have the chance to go on excursions. 5 What heading would you give each paragraph
5 There are so many great activities. You're sure to of the article? (See p, 169)
find something you enjoy. (With)
With so many great activities, you're sure to find 2] Write an article advertising Cybercamps
something you enjoy. (120-180 words).Use the plan below and
your answers in Ex.“ 20. You can use the
article in Ex. 180 as a model.
(See p. 169)

When we write an article advertising a place, we Introduction

usually divide it into three paragraphs. We should (Para I ) name and location of place/
give each paragraph a suitable heading.In the first who it is suitable for
paragraph, we write the name of the place, its
Main Body
location and who the place is suitable for. In the (Para 2) activities/excursions offered
I' v fl ' l — l

second paragraph, we write about the activities

and/ or excursions offered. In the last paragraph, we Conclusion
write a recommendation and give a contact number or (Para 3) recommendation and contact
address. We use a variety of adjectives and complex number/address
sentences to make our article interesting to the reader.
 Present Simple '
Affirmative: I play. You play. He plays;etc
Negative:- I don’t play. You don't play. He doesn‘t play;- etc , 7 H: .
Interrogative: Del ploy? Do you-play? Does he; play? etc,
Short answers: Yes-,, I do... Yes, you do. Yes, he does. etc
No, idon’t. No, you don’t. No, hetvdoesriituete

Spelling: 3rd persan singular affirmative

0'
MoSt‘verbs take -5 in the third person singular;
I eat — he eats
0 Verbs ending, in ‘55, -.sh, -ch, -x or -o take-es. _
I- miss — he misses, / wash - he washes, I watch -*he watches, “I mix - heumixes'r- lfigov—-»hege’es’?
0 Verbs ending; in a consonant + y‘droptthe -y and take vies. H I
i“ cry - he cries but I play - heplays
Pronunciation

as or earn th'eith‘ird person Singular" is stoneuneed:

0 /s/ with verbs ending in'/f/, /k/, /p/, or /t/ sounds, e.g..-he.warks
0 /12/ with verbs ending in /s/, /I/, [117, /d5/, or /z/ sounds; eg; “he bees
0 /z/w.i_th verbs ending in all other sounds, eg; “he buys

Use
‘We use the»present simple tar:
daily routines. I‘catch the bus to work at 7‘Q'Cilaelé every day;
repeated actions. He cleans thehouse every week. ‘
habits. She usual/y staysat home on Sundays.
permanent states. He works in a bank.
timetables, itineraries. The train leaves at 7 o'clock;
Time expressions used with the present simple:
every hour/ day/ week/month/summer/year/ etc, usually! always,.everyiftiorning/atternaon/evening-X”
night, in the:morning/afiernoon/eveni'ng, at mean, fatnig’nt

Adverbs of Frequency
0 We often use adverbs of frequency with the present simple“; Adverbs. of frequenéy tell us how? often
something happens. These are:
always (100%), usually (75%); often (50%}, Sometimes(25%], seldOm (10%), never (0%]
f0 Adverbs of Frequency come before the main verb (drink, play, eat,;etel, but after auxiliary verbslhaveh
do, can, will, etc) and the: verbtto be. >
Steven aIWUys goes to school byr‘bus, Mary seldom goes. to the cinema. lacydaiesn'fiusually go
to bed late. Paula can never beat Ross at'chess, Do you often visit your grandgarents?‘
Hers
never late for works
66
Present Continuous,
Affirmative: I'm playing. You're playing. He's playing;:etc
Negative: I'm not playing. You aren’t playing. He isn't playing. etc
Interrogative: Am I playing? ‘Are you playing? ls he, playing? etc
Short anSWers: Yes.) I am. Yes, you are. Yes, he is. etc
N o , l'm‘ not. No, you aren't. No, he isn't. etc

Spelling- 1

0 Most verbs add-trig alter the base form of the main verb.
tell — telling, catch — catching, stay- — staying
0 With verbs ending in -e, we drop“ the '-"e' and add -ing, write - writing, live ~— living
0 With verbs ending in a VOWel + a consonant, we double the consonant and add -ing.
h if - hitting, cut - cutting
9 *With verbs ending in -ie, we change the -ie to -y and add -ing. clie -* dying

Use
We use the present continuous lot:
' actions happening now, at the moment of speaking. She’s talking 'on the:phonenow.
0 actions happening around the time of speaking. Peter is staying at his friend’s these days.
0 fixed arrangements in the near future, especially when we .know the time and the place.
I'm flying to Paris tomorrow.
Time Expressions used with the present continuous: now, at the moment, at present, these days,
tomorrOw, etc

Stative verbs are verbs- which do not normally have continuous tenses because they describe a state
rather than an action. Some at them are: have (:2 possess), like, love, hate, want, know, remember,
target, understand, think, believe,- need, smell, see, cost, etc.
i have a red dress. (NOT: lam-having-a red dress.)
She tavesswmdsuriing. )NQT: She Wag-windsurfing.)
Spin-e stative. verbs have continuous tenses, but there is a .élitterenaefi in meaning. study the following
examples:
' :She has a blue bicycle. Il= possesses)
She’s having breakfast at the moment. t : is eating)
0 I think she’s a very clever girl. l: believe)
I’m thinking about moving to .a bigger flat. (= am considering)
0 The soup smells awful. (= has an awful smell)
He is smelling the flower. (= is sniffing)
0 I can see a bird in the tree. l: perceive with my eyes)
I’m seeing the doctor this afternoon. l= am meeting)
 Relatives a

Relative pron'c'iuns" (who/which/whose/ that) Pe°Ple Who/that _

things/animals which/that
0 Relative pronouns (who, which, whose, that)
i‘ntrodttce.relative clauses. We use relative clauses possession wheae
to identify/describe the person or thing int..thie main sentence.
The man|who is sitting next to melts my brother.
relative clause
0 We use who/that instead of subject pronouns (I, you, he, etc)- to” refer to people
The girl who/that won first prize in the competition is a friend of mine. .
., We use which/that to refer to obIects or animals.
The tree Which/that is in the garden is very tall. i
' Who/Which/That cannot be omitted when it isthesubiect‘ol the relative 'cl'ausé';"’that”is_, when
ihere“
is not a norm or subi’ect pronoun betWeen the relative prondunia‘rid the Verb.
lumet‘a woman.|5he|is a hairdresser.

I met a woman w o/that is a hairdresser. (The relative pronoun is the subiecti

° Who/Which/That can be omitted when" is the obiect of the relative clause; that is, when-there:
isa noun or subject pronoun between the:relative pronoun and the verb.
Thor’s the man.I saw him on TV.
That’s the man (who/that} I saw on TV. (The relative p r o n o u n is the obiec‘t.l
0 We use whose instead of possessive adiective‘s (my, your, his, etc) with people, objects and
animals to show possession.
That’s the woman whose daughter is abelle/dancer.
0'
A relative pronoun is not used with another pronoun
(I, you, me, him,etcl.
The dog which)!is black is.Brian’5.
Dehning/NOn—detining relative clauses
0 A-delining relative clause gives necessary information and is essential to the meaning of the
“main sentence. The relative pronoun can be. omitted when «it is. the dialect of the? relative clause.
We never put therelative clause in commas.
People who/thatparlr illegally will:get a parking ticket. (Which people? Those who park illegallygl
The bicycle (which/that) I got for my birthday is red. {Which bicycle? The one lgot for my birthday)
0’
A non-defining relativeclause gives extra information, but is; not essential to themeo-ning go-lthe.
moin sentence.In a nonaehning relative clause the relative pronOUn cannot be omitted and:
cannot be replaced by that. The. relative clause i-salway'sput in commas.
Sarah'5 car, which is parked outside, is really.expensiVe.

As — Like
' We use as + noun to say“ What somebodyzorj 0 We use like + nou.n/pronoun/'-ing form to
Something really is. show that two people or things are similar or
She works as a teacher in a private school. share ”some at the» same qualities.
J 0 We “use the verbs leel,. look, smell, taste «I: He; swims like axdolphin.
I
like + noun. Our house is very small; it’snothingliketheirs,
My brother looks like Ewan McGreg‘or. The new video game is very realistic; it’s like
This ‘orangezjuice tastes like vinegar! flying 361real aeroplane.

68
 Jam‘s
a: w t.
0 Present Simple — 4 a) Look at the information, then talk about
Present Continuous the person. (See p. 169)

t 0 Mrs Lyness — university

‘I‘ Write the third person singular of the verbs professor
in the list and put them in the correct box, as 0 work from Q to 4
in the example. 0 always have lunch
0 show 0 fly 0 wish 0 stay 0 shout ' touch at campus restaurant
0 do 0 look 0 try 0 apply 0 lay 0 say 0 prepare a lecture now
0 travel to France in
+s shows, shouts, looks two weeks
—ss, -sh, -ch, -x, -o + es wishes, touches, does b) In pairs, ask and answer questions, as in
vowel + y + s stays, lays, says the example.
consonant + y -> ies flies, tries, applies A: What does Mrs lyness do?
B: She’s a university professor. (See p. 169'),
2 Add -ing to the verbs in the list and put thém
in the correct box, as in the example. 5 Put the adverbs of frequency in the correct
position, as in the example.
0 work 0 give 0 lie 0 go 0 tie 0 buy 0 run
0 share 0 drop 0 die 0 operate 0 set 1 My parents don’t go out to dinner. (usually)
My parents don’t usually go out to dinner.
+ing working, going, buying 2 Angie is on time for work. (OIWays)
sq —v y + ing lying, tying, dying Angie is always on time for work.
drop e + ing giving, sharing, operating 3 Does Dave study in the library? (often)
Does Dave often study in the library?
double consonant + ing running, dropping, setting 4 Peter drives to the city centre. (seldom)
Peter seldom drives to the city centre.
5 Rosie and Frank travel abroad. (sometimes)
3 Put the verbs in brackets into the present Rosie and Frank sometimes travel abroad.
simple or present continuous. 6 Mike forgets to feed his dog. (never)
Mike never forgets to feed his dog.
??PP??.UF’

l A: What 1) are you doing (you/do)?

llyh“
I. i
B: | 2) am planting (plant) flowers. 6 Make true sentences about yourself. What
A: 3) Do you work (you/work) in the garden do you alWays/never/usually/sometimes/
every weekend? rarely/often do: on Saturday afternoons? on
B: No. I usually 4) meet (meet) my friends. Friday mornings? in winter?
(55’ own answers)
N

: Where l ) are you going (you/go)?

03>

: To the supermarket. l 2) need (need) to do 7 Look at Mary’s diary for the next three days.
some shopping. Use the prompts to ask and answer
A: 3) Do you want (you/want) me to give you a questions, as in the example.
lift?
Mon 8th Tues 9th Wed lOth
B: Oh, yes, please.
0 )0 am ballet 0 3 pm haircut 0 visit Grandma
w
)>

: 1) Are you waiting (you/wait) for the train to lesson

London? 0 afternoon 0 a pm meet
Yes.It 2) arrives (arrive) in ten minutes. shopping with brother for
Oh, good! Mum dinner
3) Do you live (you/live) in London?
N0. l 4 ) am going (go) there on business. A: Is Mary having a ballet lesson on Tuesday?
B: No, she isn’t. She’s having a ballet lesson on
MondOY-
(See p. 169)
69
 w 8 look at the pictures, then use the prompts to
ask and anSWer questions, as in the example.
0 Relatives
1 0 Fill in who, which or whose, then say
whether or not the relative pronoun can be
What/they/do/eve‘ry."x‘. omitted, as in the examples.
‘- 37 Saturday morning? .44“
l Mr Bennett is the man who lives next door to me. )
(cannot be omitted) ‘
2 Those are the keys which| am looking for.
(can be omitted)
3 That's the woman whose daughter is a film star.
(cannot be omitted)
,“ Steve/work on the
\’
4 This is the skirt which Mary gave me.
5 Sarah is the girl whose parents work abroad.
6 These are the llowers which I planted in the
garden.
7 Lee is the boy who is in my brother's class.
8 This is the house “which l want to buy.
, Sarah/play tennis/ 9 That is the man whose office is opposite mine.
_ undays? 0 Carol is the woman who pointed this picture.
(See p. l 69)

‘l ‘I Look at the pictures and make sentences, as

in the example.
(See p. )6?)
if?
John/pick flowers/at
7"
_, ~ 1‘ ., i“ 7 the moment? .5
l A: What do they do every Saturday morning? ’ q

B: The 0 fishin .
yg 9 (See p. 169)
\r

Put the verbs in brackets into the present

u‘ " l
simple or present continuous.

Dear Susie,
. x3;. ..
_.» E: ‘ A
_.
Thanks for your letter. I always 1) lov
(love) to hear your news.
e a 22$
.

\Em-
'7'
g
'l:

7"
,
)—
l . .
"pr. I
f ‘l

a
At the moment, I 2) am looking (look) for s 4 cornllakes r
new job. I 3) need (need) a job tha t 4) pay
. . . I
e now. I
(pay) more money than the one I hav
5) buy (buy) several newspapers eve ry day and t . L. ,
.“
_, '-
V 'I

to see if there 6 giralles L i l , l,’ I

6) read (read) them carefully
adv ertis eme nts. I V I", ‘5 s
7) are (be) any good job
never 8) find (find) anything, though! . ‘ 3 I). fir;
Also, I 9) am thinking (think) of gomg on
g (go) to
holiday. My friend Claire 10) is gom
ts (want)
France next month and she 11) wan
me to go with her. She often 12)
travels _ V1,, '6
alone.-
(tra vel) abroad, but she hates gorng
. Write
Well, that’s all my news for now
back soon!
-‘~
Love, l A microscope is something (which) we use to
Zoe see tiny objects.
70
 \
P all a“

i”
st
. ‘5
12 Underline the correct item. 1 5 Fill in the gaps using the phrases from the
table, as in the example.
1 He's the boy v_vh_o_'_s/whose got a motorbike.
2 That's the woman who's/whose sister works for l You can't argue with Mike about his decisions.
me. He's very stubborn.
3 That’s the girl M/whose an excellent singer. 2 I need to borrow some money from David before
4 She’s the woman who's/m party we went to. I go to the cinema.
5 That’s the man Vic's/whose got a Ferrari. 3 ”I’m very angry with Steve.” ”Why?” ”Oh, I’m
angry about something he said.”
1 3 Complete each sentence with Mo to four 4 Jane wants to apply to: the Evening Post for. the
words, including the Word in bold, as in the position of secretory
example. 5 Don’t disturb Mum. She is busy with the
arrangements for the dinner party.
George is a lawyer. His office is located in Clare doesn’t approve of people who smoke.
London. You must apologise to Lucy for forgetting her
whose George is a lawyer whose office is birthday.
located in London. I 8 I am bored with this programme. Let's watch
Susan is a hotel receptionist. She likes to help something else.
people.
who Susan, who is a hotel receptionist, likes
to help people.
John decided to call about the position of estate PREPOSITIONAL PHRASES
agent. It is a full-time job. against the law at times
which John decided to call about the position at least at once
of estate agent, which is a full-time iob. at the age of at war
That is the woman. Her brother is a very creative at the same time
001

florist.
whose That is the woman whose brother is a
very creative florist. 1 6 Fill in the gaps using the phrases from the
He has a well-paid iob. It requires excellent table above, as in the example.
technical skills.
which He has a well-paid job which requires l Both the doorbell and the phone rang at the
excellent technical skills. same time.
2 When you hear the alarm, you must leave the
0 As — Like building at once.
3 A lot of children leave school at the age of
la 1 4 Underline the correct item. sixteen.
4 When two countries are at war, everyone
John works a_s/like a policeman.
suffers.
She looks as/lifia film star.
It takes at least two hours to drive to London.
Cindy swims as/@ a fish.
Peter has got a job g/like a mechanic. It isragainst the law to drive a car without a
hcence.
No one can paint as/lifi Van Gogh.
7 Carol is kind, but she can be impatient at times.
He looks exactly as/Me Tom Cruise.
She runs as/& the wind.
{——

...__
PREPOSITIONS
'» angry with sb about sth argue with 5b about sth
apologise to sb for sth bored with
-. apply to sb for sth borrow sth from sb
igpprove
of busy with
71
 Past Simple (Regular/Irregular verbs)
Affirmative: l/You/ He/ etc Walked.
NegatiVG: l/ Y'ou/He/ etc didn't walk.
lnterrogative: Did I/you/ he/etc walk?
Short answers: Yes, l / you/ he/ etc did.
No, l/you/he/etc didn't,

Spelling: Past Simple oltirrnativeof regular verbs

We add -d to verbs ending in -e. I live -* I lived

With verbs ending in a consonant + y, we drop the-y and add -ied. I try _, I tried
With verbs ending in a vowel + y, we add -ed. I play —r I played
With verbs ending in one stressed vowel between two consonants, we double the last
c‘O‘h‘Sonant and add -ed. Idr‘op —+‘ ldropped
0 For verbs ending in -I, we double the I ondod'd -ed.. I cancel -+ / cancel/ed

Irregular verbs
For the pastsimpleatorm of irregular verbs see list of irregular verbs on p. 128.

Use
'We use the past simple:
0 for antaction‘which happened. at a definite time in the past. The time is stated, already known or
implied.
Bob bought a new car last month. (The time. is stated.)
0 for actions whichhappened immediately one after theother in. the PQ§l-
First he took a shower and then he Went torrbed.
0 For post habits or states which are now finished.In such coseswe can also use the expression
used'to. ‘
My grandmother read/used to readme bedtime-stories when l was little; (past habitl
Time expressions used with the past simple: yesterday. yesterday moriiinQ/éve’ntng/étc, last ntghfl
week-etc, two weeks/a month ago, in 1984

Past Continuous.

Affirmative: I was studying. You woresstudyin’g. He Was studying. etc

Negative: I wasn’t studying. You weren’t studying. He wasn't studying: etc:
lnterrOgative: Was l studying? Were you studying? Was he -studytng?etc
Short answers: Yes, I was. Yes, you were. Yes, he was. etc
No, lwasn’t. No, you weren’t. No, he wasn't. etc

Use
We use the past continuous: .
0 for an action which was in progress at a stated time in the post. We; do not mention when the:
action started or finished. At eight o’clock yesterday evening Tom and Mark were doing their
2%, homework. (We do not know when they started or stopped doing their homework.) _
 6‘
for a past action which was in progress when another action interrupted it. We use the past)
continuOus for the action in progress (longer 'aCtio'n) and the past simple for the action which:
interrupted it (shorter action).
He was exercising When he felt a sharp pain in his lower back.
--- for-two or more actions which were happening at the same time in the pastv'flsirnultoneous aetionsij
Sarah was watching TV while i was reading a novel.
0 to give background information in a story before we describe the main events.
The band was playing and thepeople were singing anddancing when we arrivedat the Concert;
Time expressions used with the past continuous: while, when, as, all day/ night/morning, all day: .
ye'Sterdoy, etc
Order of Adjectives ‘
0 Opinion adiectives (goool, ugly, etc) go before factadiectives (big, small,gyellow,~et‘c)‘.r
That's a beautifill red dress.
0 When there are two or more adiectives of the same category, the more general adjective comes:-
before the more specific one.
a nice polite lady
0 "We-"soy the first three months (NOT: the three—feet months), the last two hours, etc-

Opinion Fact Adiecttves

Adieciives size age shape colOur origin material used'fOr/be about noun
lt’sa nice small old square white Italian wooden dinner table.

Time Clauses
Time-wordssuch as.when,cwhile, before, after, until are. used to introduce time clauses.
. "We don't use future after time words. we: use- the present simple or the present perfect instggdx
when we are-talking about the future. Don’t forget to lock the door'whe'n you/save.
Compare: When Ig‘etho'me, I’l/ call you.
(Whenis a time word in the example, so it is- not followed by averbiiin a‘l‘f‘utu'te form)“
BUT: When will she be back?
{when is a question word in this example)
0 When the time clause comes before the main clause, we separate the two clauses with a comma};-
VVhi/efish'e was hanging out the washing, it startedraining.
0 We-don’t use a comma when the time clausewcomes aftera main clguse.
/t started raining while she was hanging(out’ihe‘washing.
‘ Possessives
Possessive Adiectives Possessive adjectives- show: ‘
i Singular Plural 0 that Something belongs to somebody.-
t This is my bed.
it
I my our .0 the relationship between two or more peeple'.
I your your . ,_ ‘
) his They are my parents.
her their 0 We put p'os-Se‘ssiv‘eadiec‘tives before nouns.
l "5 This is my book.
i
 P'ojissesswe.Pronouns Possessive pronouns show:
0 that Something belongs to someone They do not take .a noun:
Singular Plural after them.
imin‘é
OUTS“ it Compare: This is their room. (possessiveladieCtt-yeilt
yours yours Iris theirs. (possessive prdnoim)‘
his;
hers } theirs
—* "’ There is nepassessiveiprenounflfor “if

Possessive Cdse

WéuCan use the possessive case to show them, noun origroup lei:nouns belongs to somebody. This
can be formed with ",s/s' “or'vwith ”of".
Possessive with ls/s’
We form this-by:
adding '5 io-stngular nouns (person oranimo‘ll
The!is Paul’s coat.
adding' "to regular plUral nouns
the boys" school.
adding ’5 to irregular plural noUns wh‘iichdon't'endlin 's/‘esz.
the children’5 toys.
Possessive with ”of”
I“.

"We form this with:

of + the name of a thing
ii-IIF

the banks of the river

of +7possessive.case/possessive jp‘ron’oun
That-’50 friend ofMary’s. (one of Mary's friends)
I'vegg'ot‘o book of yours. [one'tof your boo/rs)
‘We, also use '5 with phrases of place .or time, .
at the Chemist’s, today’s paper, tWO wee/(5' holiday

Relative Adverbs

'Where, when and why are relative adverbs and can introdUCe/rela'tive ‘cloi‘tse’s.
”Where is used to "relEr to, a place, usually after nouns like house, hotel, street, town, country,
etc.It can be replaced by which/that + preposition.In this Case, which]that can be omitted.
The shop where‘he works is near my house,
The shop [which/that) he works in‘is near my house.

ls 'When is used to refer to time, usually alter nouns like» time;- parted, memefit; 60y, summer, etc;
It can either be omitted or replaced by that.
1940 was the year (when/that) the second World War- started. ‘
Why is used to give reason, usually after the word reo-s'oh'. It can either be-othittedoi replaced
byth'ai.
The reason {why/that) the teacher Punished Tom While! he was very
aids:
 W
‘6. .
«31’ Y-
0 Past Simple — Past Continuous 3 What did you do: last Sunday? on your last
birthday? last summer? when you got out of
0) Put the verbs in brackets into the past bed this morning? after school/Work
simple. yesterday?

James and his triends i ) decided (decide) to go (Ss' own answers

camping on the mountainside tor the weekend. There
2) were (be) a few of them so they 3) needed (need) 4 Use the prompts to ask and ansWer
two tents. They 4) spent (spend) most of Friday questions, as in the example.
evening packing their equipment. The friends had
often camped out on the mountain and 5) knew i go abroad on holiday/last year/stay here
(know) the path to the top very well. The site they A: Do you usually go abroad on holiday?
6) chose (choose) 7) was (be) at the base of a steep B: Yes, /do.
clitt. By the time they 8) arrived (arrive) at the site A: Did you go abroad last year?
they were very tired so they 9) put (put) up their tents, B: No, / didn’t. I stayed here.
and then 10) rested (rest) until lunchtime. James 2 go to gym/yesterday/stay home
H ) lit (light) the two stoves and )2) cooked (cdok) 3 walk your dog in the afternoon/yesterday
them all some food.It was still quite early when they afternoon/have to work late
)3) went (go) to bed. They l 4 ) woke (wake) up iust 4 drive to work/this morning/catch the bus
otter midnight because of loud thunder. The sound of
rain 15) kept (keep) them awake, so they l b ) sat (sit) (See p. T70)
up for the rest of the night.In the morning the storm
)7) passed (pass). The boys were finally able to _ 5 Look at Lia’s timetable, then ask and anSWer
enioy their camping weekend. questions, as in the example.

b) Now use the verbs from the text to

complete the table below.
get dressed"
decided, arrived
eat breakfast:
' needed, rested, cooked, have history lesson .
passed play tootb'all in rhé ptaygtearté‘t
work on‘ the computer
‘h‘aVe biology lesson in the:
were, spent, knew, chose, laboratory
, was, put, lit, went, woke, study in thelibrary.
kept, sat
some
listen temusrc
2 Read the sentences below and use where,
when, who and what to write questions for
which the words in bold are the anSWers, as A: What was Lia doing at 8: 15 this morning?
in the example. B: She was getting dressed.
1 William Shakespeare was born in England, in (See p. (70)
l564.
Where was VVi/liam Shakespeare born?InEngland.
When was William Shakespeare born?In 7564. What were you doing: at this time
Who was born in Englandin 7564? Shakespeare. yesterday? at 10 o’clock last night? at 7
2 Cinderella lost her glass slipper at the ball. o’clock this morning? in July two years ago?
3 Sarah went to Mexico lastJuly.
4 Mary Shelley wrote ”Frankenstein" in l 8 l 8 . (Ss’ own answers)

(See p. (09)
75
 m“
V.
N?
Cb

Put the verbs in brackets into the past simple 0 Order of adiectives
or past continuous, then use the prompts to
9 Put the adiectives in the correct order.
write questions for the ansWers.
.. ____,,,. - H‘T—T: If“
1 She bought a lovely small glass (glass/lovely/
small) vase at the market.
1 .A- than '12) was. rem-Views “mm" m hosiian
pzéebfibl

Lh-txwwfl
lay
after he wa s afia Ck'Ed by s sw 2 John’s got a big red German (German/red/big)
l
‘~ Iyes-ne rd
Chasm4 decided? car.
James 2) was fishing (fish) at Britt-50‘ l“; 3 Jane was wearing a long striped cotton (striped/
as
' '3.)-w having (have) no luCk, ~;)walke’di‘l
can
. fidecide) to CflSt' his line elsew here. As 6) rbgjé‘ long/cotton) dress.
edge.» 4 He decided to throw away the cheap square
(walk) close .to the l'ake's the ‘5‘” ' , .. r
'(rise) from its‘nest andtha'fuTi (flap).11;s wooden (square/wooden/cheap) coffee table.
OUSlY 7) flapped suffered
8) tell (fall) and 9) 5 Peter works in a tall modern concrete (concrete/
' "fings at Mr James. w:as a r lesul't of the attack; modern/tall) office block.
Shutter) as broken arm
1 0 Describe the things you have got in your bag,
as in the example.
I’ve got a purple leather pencil case.
(See p. T70)
001

l Where/AlanJames/tish?
'A: Where was Alan James fishing? 0 Time clauses
B: At Barchester Lake. ] I Use when, while, after, before and until to
2 What/decide/to do? ioin the sentences, as in the example.
A: What did he decide to do?
B: To cast his line elsewhere. 1 They watched the a l was on holiday.
3 Where/swan/rise lrom? video b it tell asleep.
A: Where did the swan rise from? 2 Amy got me a c work.
B: Its nest. newspaper d they had finished
3 john watered my their homework.
8 Put the verbs in brackets into the past simple plants e we got home.
or past continuous.
4 He got up early and l she was out.
went for a run
A: What i ) were you doing (you/do) when the She sang to the baby
robbery 2) took (take) place? We went straight to
bed
B: | 3) was standing (stand) in the queue.
(See p. l 70)
A: What 4) happened (happen) next?
B: Two men 5) pushed (push) their way to the front. l -d They watched the Video after they had
One of them 6) was holding (hold) a gun. finished their homework.
A: Then what 7) did the men do (the men/do)?
B: They 8) ordered (order) the cashier to give them 0 Possessives
the money. 1 2 Underline the correct item.
A: How 9) did the police find out (police/find out)
about the robbery? Can I use yours/M telephone, please?
B: Well, the cashier )0) set all (set off) the alarm Have you seen him/m latest film?
while the robbers l l) were putting (put) the That’s not my/minelacket, it’s John/John’s.
money in a bag. That suitcag isn't your/yours, it's Edi/their.
A: And what )2) happened (happen) when the I can’t find mine/my sunglasses. Have you seen
police 13) arrived (arrive)? them anywhere? —
B: The man with the gun 14) dropped (drop) it, but It’s warm today, so we don't need gr/ours coats.
it wasn't a real gun after all; it was a plastic Is that fl / y o u r s purse or is it her/tw?
one. ls that Mrs Eve/figs car? No, it’s (fl/our.
I can’t remember hers/her name.
The video is him/E, but the computer is nLne/my.
_|

76
 0 Relative Adverbs 2 Dogs are capable of learning tricks.
3 The bus stop is close to my office, so I don't
1 3 Join the sentences, using the words in the circle.
have to walk far.
h; , , — —: 35151 4 Nurses care for sick and injured people.
g ,‘
1 He’ll never forget the do 5 Daisy is curious about why the boss wants to see
2 That’s the shop her.
to know the reason
3} *' do. think
b Itodon’t I can cope with all the work‘ I have
I
TitlldgclltZreengrocer’s -
t 5 I often think of the time where
l ,_ . . . . WEED: “ 7 lets write and congratulate Sam on passing hls
exams,
a?“
Vou g
tth e postcards I twhvgl‘
'
l sent you.
uth America. ,
l b I used to live in So sed l 0 Revision Section (Units 1-2)
oppin g clo
l c we used to do our sh
Jr
l d o w n l a S t gear-
. gl
l. theajre 1 6 Circle the correct item.
d he wonh'lsft'rst medathe
l. e,_
Jenny c a n ’ t l n us at .. l The first train to london ..... at 6 o'clock.
, (See P- I70l A is leaving B leave © leaves
PREPOSITIONAL PHRASES 2 i can't remember ..... phone number.
by accident by mistake A hers B him © her
. . to the cinema?
3 How ..... do youBgomuch C soon
by apporntment by surprise ® often

EV friart by the way 4 She ..... TV when the phone rang.

y A is watching B watched (CD was watching
5 When it started to rain i used my newspaper
Fill in the gaps, using the correct phrase from ..... an Umbrella.
the table. A like B for © as
6 ”Can Jennifer come out to play?”
1 You can see Mr Jones by appointment only. He’s "Sorry — she ..... her homework at the moment.”
very busy. A do B does ‘ (Q is doing
2 By the way, do you know what time the meeting 7 A flight attendant is the person ..... responsible
starts? for the comfort and safety of the passengers.
3 Sally was late for work because she caught the A whose who's C who
wrong bus by mistake/accident. 8 When he ..... off the ladder, he broke his arm
4 The news took me by surprise.I didn‘t know and hurt his back.
what to say. ® fell B was falling C falls
5 Josie learned her lines for the school play by
heart.
6 This book is better than that one by far. 17 Fill in each gap with one correct word.
7 Dan posted the wrong letter by accident/mistake.
1 That's not my/her/our car. It's Tom's.
PREPOSITIONS 2 You should never be rude to elderly people.
capable of congratulate sb on 5th 3 You look exactly like your sister.
care for sb/sth cope with 4 How many people were there on board?
. about 5 We were
doorbell about to leave for school when the
rang
close to CUI'iOUS
comment on 6 What happened next?
I 5 Fill in the gaps, using the correct phrase from 7 It takes years of training to become an architect.
the table. 8 Hoiw 70ften do you listen to the news on the
ra IO.
1 Janet was too polite to comment on Paul's
t strange new haircut.
k 77
 _ . - . . I ._
If Y ' .—
I ”—VII-i LLF“
-.— -I
iPrife‘jsi‘eni?
. Perfect
Affirmative: l/Yau Have hocked, He Has booked etc
Negative: l/You Haven’t‘hooked». He Hasn't booked. etc
Yetg
lnterrogative:HaveI /you booked”? Has he booked?
Short answers: Yes, l/you Have. Yes, He Has. etc
No, I/y'au Havent. No. He hasnt etc

Use;
We use the present perfect for:
0. actions whicH started in the past and contmue up to the present.
.Ihave been ateoeh’er: For Five years. [I started teacHIng tive years age and I In still. teaching J
0 past actions with a visible result in the present
He has Washed His car JW‘e can see that the car iis clean.J l
0 actions which Happened at an unstatecl time'In the pgst The-Yatti‘o'n is- more Important than the time
She has soldher Home. (When? We don t know. It Is not Important J
‘1 YIeXperierICes. Have you ever slept in a tent?
" actions which Have Happened within a specific time period which is} not over at the moment oi
speaking He has visited three museums this morning JThe time period this morning - is not
"6ver yet J

Hove goneIto/Have been to/Have been in

a, Jane has gone to Paris. (She went taiJPaIis and she's. still tHeIeILJ
O Jone-Has beento Paris. (She’s visited Ports butYsheH-qck now.JJ .
5 lane has been in Paris For two years. {she has been livingin Paris f6,r'"twpIearsI.J

Present Perfect vs- Past Simple

Past Simple
We use the past simple for:
0 actions WHICH Happened at a detihiteitime in the past The time is stated known ‘er Implied
Andrew stayed III a youtH Hostellast night. JIJWhe‘n? Last nigHt. THe time is stated;J
'- -'acJtJions which started and finished in the past. ‘ ‘
IJLouisfe‘Y-‘liired
i-eIIIse livedin tendon for three yearsBefore she moved to =Y‘ork.» “there for three? years-Y.
SH‘Je doesn't litre there any more; J
.0 pctions.which Happened In the. past THe time is either known OI Implied
Harold Macmillan fairght in World W‘arl. Jtirn‘e Is known)
I She: met Her Friends after work... lti’me is implied)
Piesertt Perfect
We use the present perfect far:
0 actions which Happened at an unstafed time in the paSt. The tinié is net mentionedor implied
Andrew has stayed in a youth Hostel; (When? We do not know. The time is not stated J
Yand
9 aprons which started in the past cantiI'IUe up to the present
Henry has lived“In london for three years [Henry Went to London three years “age- and Her--”still
lives there today J
Yu. ‘ -‘:--r:‘- ’

78 ‘—
 ‘P'res'e'ht
Perfeet COn’ti‘nUOUS
Affirmati‘ire: l/You hare been cycling, He has been cycling. etc
Negative: I/You haven't been cycling. He hasn’t beencycling. etc
Interrogative: Have I/you been cycling? Has he‘been'cycling’ht’c
Short answers: Yes, l/you have. Yes, he has. etc V
No, l/youhaven't. No,,he hasn't. etc

Use
L 'We usef‘the present perfect continuous:

##-
0 for aetions which started and finished in the pest and lasted for some time, The result sot- the;
action is'visible in the present,

.34
..‘|
They have been sunbathing [The action is over but the fact that they have a tan is visible.)

-
0 to put emphasis on the duration of an action which started in the post and continues up to the present
She has been cooking for two hours. lShe started cooking twO hoors age and she is still cooking l'
0 to express anger, annoyance or irritation
Whohas been using my computer?
Note: live, feel and work can be used either in the present perfect or the present perieet _
continuous with notzditference ingrn‘eaning.
' I’ve. Worked/We been working for this componyiforxthree years..

‘Ti'rn'eiexp‘reSsions-used
With the Present Perfect andthe Present Perfect Continuous;

Ever is:;-_usedi:; Just is used: ’

0 in questions, to mean 'at any time before? '0 to show that an" action finished only a: few
now’. minutes earlier. ‘
Have you ever climbed a mountain? l have just lookedanti-e..-rti‘ap;
0 in affirmative statements otter superlativesSo far is used:
and only. '0‘ to mean ’up.to-this point in' fittte'.
it is the most interesting place I" have ever ripostaards
IIhave written ten {so for,
visited. For is used:
ire/y is the only country it have-"ever been to. 0 to express the duration of an action
Never is used:‘ He has owned the guesthouse far ten; years.-
-- in atlirmatIVe sentences, to.mean 'or no time He has been waiting here for ten minutes:
before-now'. Since is used:
I' have never rowed‘a1boot, 0 to state the starting point.
’ Already is used: They have lived in this town since jonuary
0 in positive statements and in questions. 7995;
Simon has already tried woterskiing. She has been-studying Sincemidday.
Has Simon tried woterskiing already? How long is used:
Yet is used: 0 in questions to refer to a time period.
9 in questions and negations How long have you had your car?
How [any has hebeen watching TV?‘
 nape-omensof Place
We use, prepositioneot place to say where somebody or something is. These are:

E?
in/inside
a}on ‘nedr
fit 9°?next to under
0 .0
.
‘5‘ O
gig! 0 a o :8
I- over on top of below abet/e round/around
'_ - a I
H oJo ,%
next 'to/by/beside opposite
m between
g
behind
sot
in“Rent at-

oe“ ..EA
3
among
‘ against
Prepositionsat Movement
T‘We‘riuse propositions at movement to; show the direction in which somebody or somethingsis matting.
These are:

it
E? down
E. Wthrough
ye past
a},
2... to
,_.———3

L its/towards 7 along across 5%?!

fset
E7 3" 3‘
\IOUI-w—i

Li oft into out of over

E
Nate: With means of? transport. we use the preposition by: by car/bus/train/bicycle/motorbike/
toXI/plaDQ/beat but on. feet. When there is anarticle [a/an/thelj, a possessiveadiectiive
(my, yam, etc) or the possessivecasie before the means; at transport, we do, notion-SB the
preposition by. We. say: on the‘tra‘in/in myear/onlohn's bike.

0 Present Perfect 2 Look at the list of things Carmen and Jackie

have/haven’t done for their dinner party
‘I You and your friend are organising a tonight. Then, use the prompts to complete
Wedding reception. Look at the list of things their telephone conversation.
that you need to arrange and ask and
answer questions, as in the example. speak to the landlady
,___

clean bathroom and kitchen

0 send out invitations 0 book reception hall
dust living room
0 hire DJ 0 order flowers 0 arrange seating plan
hoover carpet
A: Have you sent out the invitations? sweep the yard
B: Yes, / have already sent out the invitations/ tidy bedroom
No, I haven’t sent out the invitations yet. defrost meat
80 (See p. 170)
 Hi, Carmen, it’s me. 2 Claire 15th January
, Oh, hi, Jackie. What's up? 0 Join gym last
Nothing. I iust want to know if you i ) have week
spoken to the landlady about our dinner party - 0 already lose
tonight. weight
0 never feel better
Umm Yes, I have, actually.
0 not meet any new
And how are you getting on with the housework? people so far
Well, | 2) have cleaned the bathroom and the
kitchen.
3) Have you dusted the living room? b) What have you been up to lately? Tell a
No, not yet. And | 4) haven't hoovered the friend your recent news.
carpet, either. But i 5) have swept the yard! Read the iob interview below and put the
OK. What about your room? 6) Have you tidied verbs in brackets into the past simple or
it yet? present perfect.
Why? We're having a dinner party — no one needs
to see my room! So, what are you making for dinner? 50, Ms Peters, tell me a bit about your studies,
Oh, no! I 7) haven’t defrosted the meat! Can yOu please.
Well,| i ) have Just finished (just/finish) university,
Sorry — I don’t have time. I have too much work where I studied archaeology.
to do! Bye! 2) Have you done (you/do) any work in the field?
Yes,| 3) have worked (work) as a field assistant
0 Have gone to/Have been to/ in on several occasions. l 4) spent (spend) last
summer in Turkey.
Fill in have gone to or have been to/in in What 5) did you learn (learn) from this
the correct form. expenence?
A: Hi! is Mary there? Well, it b) taught (teach) me how to decide what
B: Sorry. She has gone to the school to pick up was important and what wasn’t.
.3?

Jason. I see. What area of archaeology are you most

: I didn’t know Laura lived in Sweden! interested in?
Yes, she has been in Sweden for the last three Egyptology.
years. 7) Have you ever been (you/ever/ be) to Egypt?
: Tim speaks Spanish fluently! Yes,| 8) have been (be) there twice.
Oh yes! He has been to Spain several times, Thank you very much, Ms Peters.I'll get back to
that's why. you soon.
>

: I haven’t seen Craig for ages. Do you know

where he is?
B: Yeah — he has gone to the Seychelles for two 0 Present Perfect Continuous
weeks in the sun. Complete the sentences with the appropriate
verb in the presentperfect continuous.
0 Present Perfect vs. Past Simple
a) Use the notes in the diary entries below to
talk about the people’s recent neWs, as in
the example.

1 0 t h NOVEMDer
John . be at college John has been at
one month college for one
.n
0 find cheap room month. He has
near college already She’s tired. She has 2 He's angry. He has
e not make friends been ironing for four been waiting for half
yet
hours. an hour.
0 yesterday join
drama society (See p. WC)
81
 1 0 Underline the correct item.

l Peter has been playing football since/f_o_r_ two hours.

2 l have w/yet left my car unlocked.
3 Jerry hasn't been eating very well litte_ly/so far.
4 Rachel has jug/since recorded her latest iazz
album.
3 He's very good.He 4 He's very lazy. He 5 So far/Since the filming of the series has been
has been playing/ has been sleeping all going according to plan.
learning for two years. afternoon. 6 Mary has aIWays/already been an admirer of
that opera singer.
7 Supermarkets have started selling these new hair
products recently/yet.
8 Have you ever/already wanted to go on a safari?

at, at" ' a) 0 Prepositions of Place

5 She’s bored. She has 6 She's very fit. She ‘I ‘I a) look at the picture and complete the text,
been working all has been playing using appropriate prepositions of place.
morning. since she was four.

7 Mrs Jones doesn’t like change. She has been

doing the same things for the last three years.
Use the prompts to make sentences, as in the
example. You can add your own ideas to the list.
0 eat cornflakes for breakfast 0 work as a shop
assistant 0 wear same style of clothes 0 have
her hair long 0 live in a small flat 0 drive a Mini
She has been eating cornflakes for breakfast for the last
three years. (See p. T70)
8 Use the prompts below to ask and ansWer
questions, as in the example.
There is a sofa l ) in the living room. The sofa is 2) in
0 collect shells 0 play football 0 paint landscapes front of the window, 3) opposite the pouffe. 4) Next
0 buy antiques 0 grow exotic flowers to the sofa there is a cabinet with a lamp 5) on it.
0 sew clothes 0 make model aeroplanes There is a coffee table 6) between the pouffe and the
What’s your hobby? {See P~ l70l sofa. There are two candlesticks 7) on it. 8) Opposite
52°}???

I collect shells. the armchair there is a fireplace. There is a carpet

How long have you been collecting shells? 9) on the floor and a painting l 0 ) on the wall. There
I’ve been collecting shells since last summer. is also a floor lamp H ) in the corner of the room,
What about you? What’s your hobby? iust 12) in front of the painting.

9 Make true sentences about yourself with the b) Look at the picture in Ex. 1l a again. Use
time expressions below. Use present perfect, the prompts to ask and answer questions, as
present perfect continuous or past simple. in the example.
0 for two hours 0 last summer 0 since August 0 candles 0 lamp 0 painting 0 window
0 a long time 0 last Friday 0 fora week 0 cushions 0 fireplace 0 armchair
0 for three days 0 since l998
0 for three months 0 last night 0 two weeks ago A: Where are the candles?
B: On the coffee table. Where is the lamp?
I’ve been doing my homework for two hours now.
)See p. l 7 l l
82 (See p. I 7 0 )
 6.49
*0“

iW
a " *4;

0 Prepositions of Movement PREPOSlTlONAL PHRASES

1 2 Underline the correct preposition. for a change, for fear of, for the time being, for
good, for once, from time to time, for life
The whistle blew and they were off. They ran through
the mud l ) close/towards the brick wall. Tommy was 1 4 Fill in the gaps, using phrases from the table.
the last to climb 2) iter/on the wall to the other side.
1 Colin has gone for good. He's left the country,
He soon caught up with the others as they were going
and he's not coming back.
3) through/under the fence on their hands and knees.
2 Jean is still looking for a flat. She's staying with
Next they had to crawl 4) through/off the tunnel. Then
her sister for the time being.
came one of the most difficult parts of the event — the
3 I'm fed up with taking the train to work. I think I'll
wooden beam. Many of the boys fell as they tried to
take the bus fora change.
walk 5) alflg/into the narrow beam. Only two boys
4 For once in your life, lust listen to me!
made it to the end; one of them was Tommy. But it
5 My grandmother lives in the country and we visit
wosn’t over yet They still had to swing 6) across/above
her from time to time.
the river. Johnnie was first, but he fell 7) i_n/onto the
6 When you have children you have a responsibility
water. luckily Tommy got to the other side, and everyone
for life.
cheered as he ran 8) m/through the finish line.
7 Jane set the alarm clock for fear of missing her
interview.

PREPOSITIONS
deal with be discouraged from
0 Revision Section (Units 1-3)
depend on efficient at 1 5 Fill in each gap with one correct Word.
difficulty with (sth) exchange sth for sth else
Who has been sleeping in my bed?
disapprove of (an) expert at/in (sth/doing sth) That's the man whose dog bit me.
This time last year we were lying in the sun.
Air pollution is getting worse every year.
3 Fill'In the gaps, using the phrases from the How long is it since you last saw Bob?
ooaouoottswm~

table'in the correct form, as in the example. Charlie was sleeping when I got home.
Cindy has been driving since last year.
1 She was discouraged from taking the job by the Bob hasn’t fed the dog yet.
fact that she had to work weekends. Linda hasn’t driven since the accident.
2 A: Do you think you'll get the job?
—I

I’ve never won a prize before!

B: That depends on how the interview goes.
3 Vets often have to deal with dangerous animals.
4 Kate is a(n) expert at/in computer programming. 1 6 Circle the correct item.
5 I am having difficulty with my homework. Will
you help me? 1 She left an hour ............ .
6 Tom disapproves of people who spoil their A after ® ago C since
children. 2 Ann looks ............ her mother.
7 I want to exchange this stereo for another one. A such as B as (CD like
8 Jane is very efficient at organising conferences. 3 The car ............ into a tree.
® crashed B hit C fell
4 Peter is ............ looking for a new iob.
A too B yet © still
5 That’s the house ............ she was born.
A which ® where C that
6 You can take ............ in lots of activities.
A place B action © part
83
(imperatives/Sirpé‘rlettves

Comparison of Adjectives
Use
- We use the comparative term: to camparetwo peopJe, thIngs places, etc We usually use than
with Comparative adleCJIVBS
Mary :5 younger thanJune.
'- We use the superlative term to compare one person/thing/etc with more than one person/thIna/etc
in the same gr.oup We use the..of/in with superlativeadrectives- We use:in with the superlative
when we talk; about places.
it"s the most emensr've neck/ace in the shop. (NOT: etithe shop} ,
0‘

-4—r.»
We use {not} as + adjective + as to Show that We people/things/etc-are (h’otlfi’sirttilflr.
filly-brother is (not) as tall as my cousih, V
' 0 We Use less + adiective 1r than tor two people/H1i‘ngj§/‘bldCeS/étc.
High heels are less comfortable than flair- shoes.
.Spelling
. With one-SYJJableadiecfivesendingin-e; weadd -,r antithe comparative and+sttr1tire superlative Form:
nice -'- nicer ‘—i.rrt"c'est‘
. . "With one-syllable‘adiectives ending In a vowel + dicansonantr vie-double the Just Cortisoinqntqiid;
add set/est.
thin — thinner— thinnest ,
19*
With twosyllableadtectives ending 'i'n:-ly{or 'Y‘I W9 C'hfiflge‘ll‘e‘fl‘ *0 l and‘odd 'r’ei/‘éiSJ-
easy - easier — easiest

Adieottvei Comparative superlative Adieetive Comparative Superlative

Shot? big bigger the biggest Irregular geod better the best
adiectives small smaller the smallest forms bad worse theworst
-y adieetives noisy noisier the noisiest little: less the least
longer ; .7 i. mare the most marry 'I‘I'iéi‘é: the mast
Irrmuch'
adjectives beautiful beautiful beautiful more the most

Past Perfeat'thad + past participle]

Affirmative: I had started. You had started. He had Started. etc

Negative: l hadn’t started You hadn’t started. He hadn’t started. etc
lnterrogative: Had I started? Had you started? Had he started? etc
Short answers: Yes, l/you/etc had, No,- l/you/etc hadn't.

Use
We use the past pertect tor?
' an action which happened betore a stated time in the past,
She hadpainted the room by 5 o’clock. (She finishedpainting before 5 o’c/ock.)
 .-;an action which happened in the post before another post action. Thevaction which happened
earlier is in the past perfect, and the action which happened later is in the past simple.
She had booked a hotelbefore she arrived in Paris. (She booked a hotel first and then arrived in Paris.)
on actiOn which started and finished in thepast and whose result was visible in the past.
He had‘ broken his. arm, so he couldn’t write. (The attion ”had broken” happened in the past,
and the result ”Couldn't write" was visible in the past,_ too.)
Time Expressions used with the,past perfect:
beforepaften already, iusti‘ till/ until, when. by six o’clock/midnight/etc, by the time, never, etc ' '
1

Past Perfect Continuous

Affirmative: I had been listening.You had been listening. He had been listening. etc
Negative: l.hadn’t been listening.You hadn’t been listening. He hadn’t been listening. etc
lnierrogative: Had I been listening? Had you been listening? Had he been listening? etc
Shortanswers; _Yes, l/you/etc had. No, I/you/etc hadn’t.

Use
We use the past perfect continu0us':
to emphasise the duration-of omaction-‘which started and finished before a stated time in the past.
Shehad been playing tennis for ten years by the time she was eighteen,
to emphasise the duration of an action which started and finished before another post action. The
action which happened earlier is in the past perfect continuous, and the tastier! which" happened
later'i's In the past simple.
tie-hadbeen studying for seven years before he got hisdegree.
for an action which lasted for some time in the past and whose result was Visiblejinnthe’f‘past.
She was tired because she hadbeen cleaning the house all day. [emphasis on duration]
Time Expressions used with the past perfect continuous:
for, since, how long, before, until; we

k Clauses of Purpose
Use
We use clauses of purpose: to express the purpose of ran action (Le. why someone does
something). They are introduced-with:
to-infinitive _
He’5 going to the supermarket to buyiseme milk.
in order to (formal)
She went to thebank in order to apply far-a loan. I must ringmy lawyer inorder tomake on.appointment.
so that + can/will (present or brute-refinance). We user‘san and will when thesverbiin the main
clause is in a present or future tense.
He lives in the countryside so that‘he can watch theibirds grid Wildlife.
 0 sothat + could/would (past reference).We use could and would when the main verb is in a past tense.
They took sandwiches with them, so that they wouldn't need to buy food.
0 in case l+ present tense) (present/future retarence].We never use will with in obese.
Don't go out tonight, In case it rains. (NOT: in case it-w'rll-rain)
'0' in case (+ past tense) (past reference)
{Si-2e
wrote dam my phone number‘ in oaseshe needed‘tacall‘me.
in
, ,, ,

0 Comporotives — Superlatives 2 Use the prompts to compare the people

below, as in the examples.
0 Com lete the table.
1 l p 0 young 0 old 0 smartly/casually dressed
* 0 long/short/lair hair
Adjective Comparative Superlative
busy busier busiest
near nearer nearest
enjoyable more enjoyable most enjoyable
spacious more spacious most spacious
big bigger biggest
large larger largest
hot hotter hottest
quiet quieter quietest
interesting more interesting most interesting
polite politer/ more politest/
polite most polite

b) Use adjectives from the table, in the

correct form, to complete the letter below.

'-s‘f“at.55arieh. . a a _,
Wile? ”
get
hope you’re-we‘ll. I'm tine! t'm busy
«vi-siting
‘m’an y
Zliijnteresting sites on the island.This is:
l have ever
one: ol the 3}].most enjoyable holidays
r’s because Joe
had.The resort is4l quieter than last yea
‘here are
illilocated in a remote village; and the stalt
than.
' v’ery 5) polite.Our room is 6] more spacrous
re.- You
any hotel room l’ve ever stayed in befo Amy is younger than
one of
l fiould even have‘o party in it! The resort has 7 Joe.
alle7j biggest swimming pools l have ever $9” Alex is the youngest
Every morning 1 go snorkelling in the crystalecleat of all.
dndeunbml‘e‘ c'?
twatersatthfe'.‘ 8i nearest beach “‘91
-“<§i.hpi send, rim having tats of in "See'Y°” 5”“ l
“Lever j
«Ann
(Seep. l 7 l l
 WW
‘
9. ,

6‘ 3
3 Make exchanges using the prompts, as in the 0 Past Perfect Continuous
' example.
6 Make sentences using the pastperfect
I Rome/London/beautifUI/capitaI/world continuous.
A: Rome is more beautiful than London. I he/tired/play music for hours
B: Really? I think that london is the most He was tired because he had been playing
beautiful capital in the world. music for hours.
2 The Hilton/the Ritz/expensive/hoteI/New York she/exhausted/dance all night
3 Dumb and Dumber/liar liar/ funny/film/ever seen his eyes/red/read all night
4 Pandas/KoaIas/cute/animaIs/world Rita's knee/sore/ride her bike for miles

001-w
5 Porsches/Ferraris/fast/cars/ever made John/tanned/sunbathe for days
6 Brave New World/ lQ84/interesting/book/ She/upset/argue with her best friend
ever written (See p. I 7 I )
(See p. I71)
Complete the exchanges by putting the verbs
4 Compare your tOWn to London. Talk about: in brackets into the past simple, past perfect
4
simple or past perfect continuous.
0 the weather 0 the buildings
0 the shopping centres 0 the restaurants A: I was (be) really tired last night because I had-
0 the people been shopping (shop) all day.
B: Were you (you/be) at the shopping centre
It’s colder in my town than in London. yesterday? I was (be) there,
(See p. I 7 I ) too, but I didn't see (not/see) you.
A: I met (meet) Jake and Mike last night and we
0 Past Perfect went (go) out to dinner.
B: Why didn't you call me (you/not call) me?
A: I rang (ring) you at about
5 Use the prompts to say what had happened
eight, but there was (be) no answer.
to each person, as in the example.
B: You’re right!I had already left (already/
l he/can’t walk/break leg leave).
He couldn’t walk because he had broken his A: I heard (hear) your boss (had) fired (fire) you.
leg. B: That's not true. I quit (quit). We had been
2 she/not be hungry/just eat having (have) arguments for a very long time
3 they/be tired/not sleep before I decided (decide) to leave.
4 I/go to the bank/lose credit card
5 little girl/be afraid of aeroplanes/not fIy before
6 Tom/not go to the party/have an accident
(See p. I 7 I )

8 Make sentences from the chart. (See p. I 7 1)

I The old woman was happy 0 worked all evening correcting tests.
2 Tony went to bed late he b eaten anything for days.
3 The teacher was tired c fallen asleep while driving.
4 The boy was crying because she had/hadn't d forgotten where she had put it.
5 The dog was hungry e won the lottery.
6 The man had an accident it f been out with friends.
: 7 Jessica couldn’t find her hat 9 sprained his ankle.

87
 -e fl t
st? "'5
9
WE
Jane Smith is a famous actress. Look at her
programme for last week and make
CC!mera

snowboard

sentences, as in the example. mask

want to go snowardI'n
Sunday 15:00 - 21:00 rehearee/have dinner ' 0 can go skiing

17:00 - 21:00 travel/reach Paris 0 can keep his feet warm

Monday
0 want to take some photographs
Tuesday 10:00 -11:50 give radio interview/leave
for theatre I get sunburnt
flippers
0 go snorkelling
Wednesday 12:50 - 14:00 talk to her agent/agree
to sign new contract . go swimming

Thursday 14:50 - 17:00 ehop/go to dreee sunscreen

rehearsal
Friday 15:00 - 21:00 rest/perform in front:
walking boots
of an audience
Saturday 11:00 - 15:00 aign autographe/ Jim will take a snowboard with him in case he
give a press conference wants to go snowboarding. (See p. l 72)

b) Ted went on a sailing holiday. Say what

She had been rehearsing for six hours before she he took with him, as in the example.
had dinner. Ted took his water skis with him in case he wanted
(See p. l 7 l )
f0 9 0 waterskiing. (see P 172)

1 0 What do a cook and a scientist need these

1 2 Join the sentences using the words in bold,
things for? Look at the pictures and use the as in the example.
prompts to make sentences, as in the
1 Michael went to the port. He picked up his
cousin. (to)
Michael went to the port to pick up his cousin.
2 Jane took a coat with her. It was cold at night.
(case)
Jane took a coat with her in case it was cold at
0 cook food: saucepan night.
0 record their research 3 I'll bring my video camera. I want to tape the
‘ 0 chop up vegetables and meat birthday party. (that)
microscope 0 examine bacteria I'll bring my video camera so that I can tape the
. 0 weigh flour and sugar birthday party.
0 do experiments/ . , . . 4 Make sure you carry a compass. You may need it
for directions. (in)
Make sure you carry a compass in case you need
it for directions.
5 He rang his parents. They were worried about
him. (case)
computer
He rang his parents in case they were worried about
scales him.
A cook needs a saucepan to cook food in.
PREPOSITIONS
(See p. ) 7 ”
familiar with hear about (=be told)
'l 'I a) Jim Is going on a skiing holiday. Look at led up with hear from (=receive a letter)
the pictures, then use the prompts with in friendly with/to hear of (=learn that sth or
case or so that to make sentences, as in the good at sb exists)
example. guilty of
88
‘I 3 Fill in the gaps, using phrases from the table. 5 They ........... two weeks ago.
A leave B were leaving © left
I I hope I hear from you as soon as you arrive in 6 His car ........... down yesterday.
Brazil. ® broke B break C broken
2 Our new neighbours seem to be very nice 7 My mother always ........... after my children
people; they're very friendly to us.
while I’m at work.
3 Jack is very good at swimming; he always wins A looked ® looks C has looked
competitions.
4 Did you hear about John’s adventures during his 8 ........... shopping tomorrow?
safari? ® Are you going B Do you go
5 The student was guilty of cheating in his exams. C Have you gone
6 I’d never heard of that actor until I read about 9 Have you been to that new café ........... ?
him in the paper yesterday. A iust yet C never
7 Are you familiar with this machine? IO I’m tired because I ........... for four hours.
8 I’m fed up with all your lies! I never want to see (A) have been studying B study
you again. C am studying
I I He was crying because he ........... his leg.
PREPOSITIONAL PHRASES A was hurting ® had hurt
C have been hurting
in addition to (+ing form) in a hurry
12 The suburbs are ........ than the city centre.
in the long run
00:

in common
® quieter B quiet C quietest
in the direction of in the meantime
in exchange for 13 This is the ........ car I've ever driven.
A fast B faster © fastest
I 4 He has ........ Japan for over a year.
14 Fill in the gaps, using phrases from the table.
A been to been in C gone to
I Tania and Rudy have a lot of hobbies in common. 15 He ........ for hours before he reached the village.
2 I’m going to the supermarket; in the meantime, A is driving B has been driving
make sure you finish vacuuming. © had been driving
3 Lucy is in a hurry; she’s worried she'll miss her
flight.
4 I'll lend you my bike in exchange for your 1 6 Fill in each gap with one Word.
skateboard.
In addition to snowboarding, I also enjoy skiing.
I He doesn’t like his flat. He is looking for
A monthly bus pass may seem expensive; but it’s
somewhere else.
cheaper in the long run.
2 Did you visit the Pyramids when you were in
7 They walked in the direction of the church. Egypt?

3 I was very late for work today because the train

0 Revision Section (Units 1—4) broke down.
4 I hope that Julie gets the job. She has always
'I 5 Circle the correct item. wanted to work for that company.
5 I have been learning French for three years now.
l | ........... eat eggs. I don't like them.
6 John hopes that he will have enough money to
A always ® never C often
buy a new car soon. He has been saving for
2 What do you usually ........... for breakfast? more than six months.
® have B had C having 7 They wanted to talk to Mike at the party but by
3 What ........... at the moment? the time they arrived he had already left.
A do you do B you do 8 They love Italy — they have been going there on
© are you doing holiday every summer for years.
4 I was watching television ......... he was studying.
® while B when C because
89
 Future Simple-- will

Affirmative: l will/I‘ll same You will/You'll come He WIll/He II come et'c

Negative: I will not/won'i come. You will not/won t come. He- will not/won t camel. etc
lnterrogative: Will I come? Will you come? Will he come? etc
Short answers: Yes, i. will. Yes, youwill‘. Yes, he will. etc
No, I Won't. No, yeu won't. No, hewen't. etc

Use
We use the future simple:
0 Io‘r predictions about the future, usually with the verbs hope, think, believe, expect, imagine,
etc, the expressions l’m sure, l’m afraid, etc and the adverbs probably, perhaps etc
[think he’llbe there, too. Iexpect it willrain tomorrow. The teacher Willassign us a pro/eat
. for promises. I’I/ call you at six o'clock. I
0‘
for on-the spot decisions There 5 no bread I’ll go andbuy some.
0 far threats. Turn down the music or I’I/ call the police.
'0 to make predictions based on what we think or imagine I don’Ithink sheII like her present
Time expressions used with the future simple:
tomorrOw, the day after tomorrow, next weekglmonth/ye'a’r, tonight, soonjingweel'c/month/year, etc

Be going to
Ailinnative: ljam/rl’m‘goijng to Youii‘ar'e/Youhe going to He i‘S/He’sgoingto etc
Negative: I am not/l'm not going to You aren’t going to He isn't going to etc
lnterrogative: Am I going to ? Are you going to ?is he going to {Pete
"Short answers: Yes. I am. Yes, you are. 'Yes, he is. etc I
No, l."m not. No, you're not. No, he isn’t. etc

Use.
We Use be going to:
t 0 to talk about iutute plans and intentions.
They're going to spend the weekendnear the sea (They:’re planning to do this.)
0 to make predictions based on what we see or know;
. SIIe’5 going to have a baby. ll know that she'Is pregnant.)

Present Continuous (for fixed.arrangements)

Use

We use the present continuous for fiXed arrangements in theneqrriuture, especially when we know
the time and place.
I’m {6?a to M'os’cow tomorrow morning, at I‘O‘e’c/ock.
 Conditionals JType O/Type l
0 A canolIIional consists of two pans: the il-clause (hypothesis) which begins: with the wordIf,
I :and the main clause, which shows the result at the hypotheSIs
Ill they earn a (or of money] they’ll buy a‘ bigger house.|

if-clause main clauSe

l‘
0 "When the if-clause comes before the main clause, we separate them with a comma. When the ‘
main clause comes before the if-clause then we do not separate them with .a comma (t
if he doesn’#90. to ihe. interview, he won’I get the 101).
He won Iget the job if he doesn"tgo to fheinterview I

Conditional Type O I
this conditional can
Use ' in hips: of we use-"Iiwlaeué
if:
0 Conditionols Type O express a general truth, a lUSle’dd Cl _.
law of nature, something which is always true or lf/Whe" youbarn yourself, “’l‘hu’ls'
I": something that QIWOys happens as a re5ult of Form
. something else. L A7 , , .
(I if you (patron «apple in a bowl of water; the IF-Iclausesimple
, dn‘Cluusjfeg
appiefioais. ‘ '1‘ +Present ._. Present simple

l} Conditional. Type l
ll Use Form
.-
Conditiona‘lsiype l express a real-jar very
probable situation in Ihe present or lutUreI Ill-clause main clause
i l + presentrstmpté -' Future simple:
a We can use unless instead of if noisfin the _, imperative
ii-clause. The verb after unless is always in -+ canI/mugt/mays/getc
the affirmative + bake, intInIfiIie
if you. don’t Wake up early, you’I/ be late.
unless you Wake up early, you'll be late.

Countable / Uncountable Nouns

0 Countable nouns are nouns which wecan count. They have singular an’dpluraliormsI,
one opp/e, two opp/es, lhree' apples
- Uncountoble nouns are nouns which “We cannot count; They only take, singular --verbs: These
nouns include:
food (cheese, meat, salt, etc); liquids (coilee, milk water, tea, etc), solids (glass, ice,- i'gren ere);
subjects of study (French,English, etc); games (laotball, basketball, etc); diseases (flu, measles
etc), natural phenomena (rain, wind sunshine, etc); some abstract. naun'sI (accommodation,
information, l k n o w l e d g e , etc); collecIive nouns (baggage, luggage, furniture, etc)
Remember to buy (some) meat.I /ike to drink milk W A l l
0 We can use the iollowing nouns belore uncountable nouns:to show/Iguantity: GillEJiOlllei,Ia glass, a
cation, 0; cup, a bowl, 0 pocket, 0 slice, 0 locha kilo,.,q'bar (gay.I? bolilezgf Coke, papupItaEIegj,
 '6 We use pluraltetms :wrtttza
0-
the nouns people, police and clothes,
The polite are investigating the bunglatyi
0f
nouns which refer to objects that consist ol'two parts, such asltrausers, shorts, shoes; gloves}
socks, earrings, scissors, etc. __
We do: not use a/cm or number with theSeetnoun's.We use the phrase. a pair of instead.
Where are-my shoes?
t‘n‘ee‘ol a new pair of trousers.

A/ An - Some . Any

0‘
We: use‘a/an intro” lorms lattirmotive. negative and" interrogativel With countable nouns in
the singular. ..
There is a photo album on the table.There isn’t a chair in the roam. Is there an ashtray-here?
We use some in the: affirmative with either countable n'ouris-tnthe pluralgor uncountable nouns...
We need some potatoes andsOme meat.
Nate: We use some in the interrogative for offers or requests.
‘Wou‘ld you like some juice? (Offefl
Can t have some water, please“? (request)
We. use any in the: negative; and the InterrogatiVe With either countable nouns in the; plural :grrr
uncountable nouns. ‘ ‘
There aren’t any books on the shelf; Thereisn’t any milk. Are there any app/es left?7ls there any
coffee in the pot?

Alot of -— Much/Many — How much/How many — (A) few/(A) little.

0,
We .Usually use a lot of in‘ affirmative sentences with either countable nouns in‘the plural 01F
uncountable nouns. We-‘em‘it of when a lot is not Followed by a noun.
She has got a lot of books.
A: Is there any cheese?
8: Yes, there’s, a lot.
We usually use much and many in the negative. and the: interrogatiVe.‘W’e utter much with
uncountable; nouns, and many with plural countable nouns.
l‘7‘don‘t drink much coffee. /‘ haven’t got many pencils-
Is ‘:_there much tea in the.pot? Have you got many toys?
We use/how much and how many in questions.We use how much withuncanntablen'omscuand
how many with cauntablenouns in the plural.
How much lemonade have you had? How many shirts.have you got?
' We: use a few l= not many; some) with countable nouns. In the plural.We usea little l=not
much; some) with uncountable nouns.
We’ve got a few books. We’ve gotta little flour.

92
' Result Clauses
Use
' Result Clauses are used to express the" reSult of something
'- such aln) + (adiective) + singUlar countable noun [+ that)
It Was such a greatparty that we’II never forget it *‘i
0 so + adiectwe/adverb I+ that)
,I’in so tired thati couldIaII asleep standing up. She was speaking-so loudly that nobody could
concentrate.

Reflexive..Eronouns..
Use Singular Plural
myself ourselves
' Reflexive Pronouns are. used after certain verbs yourSelf yourselves.
(behave, burn, out, enioy, hurt, look at, laugh himself
at, introduce, dry, teach etc) when the subject herself themselves
.and the obiect ot the verb are the same. itself
"Didyouhurt yourself? We introduced ourselves.
' Certain verbs do not normallyttake a reflexive pronoun These are: wash, shat/9, dress,
cemplain,meet, rest, feel, stand up, get up, sit down, wake up, etc
She feels fine. ‘lNOT: She feels fine herself-I However we can use a reflexive pronoun with
wash or dress when we talk about young children or animals.
My son knows how to dress himself: {without help; alone)

0 Will - Going to 2 Complete the sentences using your own ideas.

Ask and answer using the prompts below, as
i It’s hot in here.I'll open a window.
in the example.
2 Stop shouting or else I'll send you to your room.
3 Sally is good at science.I think she’ll become a biologist.
4 Be careful! You'll fall.
0 I’m sure I will 0 I don’t think I will
0 I hope I will 0 I won’t be able to
5 Can you lend me S5? I'll pay you back tomorrow.
s I’ve won some money. I think I'll go on holiday.
go to university next year (X) 3 Use the prompts to ask and answer, as in
A: Willyou go to university next year? the example.
B: I don’t think I will.
0 see Mr Harris?/type these letters
2 play tennis later ( l )
0 phone the clients?/finish this report
3 go shopping this afternoon (I)
4 watch the thriller on Saturday (X)
0 print that document?/send this e-mail
0 post these bills?/tidy my desk
5 be atJohn's party tonight (I)
0 put those files away?/make some phone calls
6 remember to wash the car IX)
0 go to Iunch?/do all my work
(See p. I 7 2 ) A. When are you going to see Mr Harris?
B: I I// see him after I’ve typed these letters.
(See p. I 7 2 )
93
 ,. “'49,,
x
if 3
4 Fill in will or am/is/are going to. b) What are your fixed arrangements for
next Week?
l A: Look at those clouds!
I’m seeing my friends on Monday.
B: Oh, yes!It looks like it is going to rain! (35' own answers)
2 A: I'm cold.
B: Are you? i will light the fire.
3 A: John writes wonderful stories.
0 Countable/Uncountable nouns
B: I know. I think he will be a famous writer one 6 Fill in a/an or some with the following
day. nouns.
4 A: Look, Mum!I'm climbing the tree!
B: Be careful! You will/are going to fall! 0 some milk 0 an apple 0 a biscuit 0 an aubergine
5 A: lf you don’t stop making that noise, I will 0 some sugar 0 a/some chicken 0 some eggs 0 an
send you to your room. orange
B: Oh, all right. Sorry.
b A: It’s getting late. You should be asleep.
B: I promise I will go to bed when this look at the pictures, then use the Words to
programme finishes. ask and ansWer, as in the example.
7 A: Why have you bought so much food?
B: Because I am going to have a dinner party. 0 carton 0 pocket 0 [or 0 bottle 0 tub 0 can 0 bar
8 A: Simon has been saving money for months.
B: I know. He is going to buy a new car.
9 A: Don’t be late, will you?
B: I promise I will be home by six o'clock.
10 A: Hurry up! We are going to miss our
flight!
B: OK. I’m coming.

0 Present Continuous (fixed

arrangements)
0) Use the verbs to complete Mr Parker’s
timetable, then ask and answer questions, as
in the example.
0 have 0 fly 0 attend 0 discuss 0 see 0 give

MON: art-tendbueineee Meeting

TUE see dentist . ,. _ -o- ..
'
WED discuss new project
THU have lunch withflGWbO3§
FRI give seminar 7 ; _7_ ,
a1- fly to Ankara
__——-

.y...—__ _—.v.

A
Is Mr Parker seeing his dentist on Monday?
..

B: No, he is attending a business meeting. l A: Is there any mi/k left?

B: Just one carton. (See p. 172)
(See p. 172)
94
 @ 9‘92.
6’- a
8 Use the prompts to ask and ansWer 1 1 Write the verbs in the correct tense.
questions, as in the example.
i If you cut down on (cut down on) sweets, you'll
lose weight.
2 If you pour (pour) water on a fire, the fire goes
out.
3 If you add sugar to your coffee, you (will) make
(make) it sweet.

001t
4 if Clare is late, we won't wait (not/wait) for her.
5 If she doesn't do (not/do) her homework, the
teacher will be angry.
b If he touches the oven, he will burn (burn)
1 bread - a loaf himself.
A: Do we need any bread? 7 If you heat metal, it becomes/will become
B: Yes, we do. There’s only a little left. (become) liquid.
A: How much do we need? 8 If I have (have) some free time, I'll drop by.
8: I think a loaf will be enough. Q If he gets the (ob, he will be (be) very happy.
water — a bottle ) 0 If I see (see) Paul, I'll give him the book.
tea - a packet
(am — a (or
beans — a tin 12 Fill in:
if,
when, unless.
orange (uice — a carton (See p. 172)
1 Unless you finish your homework, you can’t go
0 Conditionals Type 0 / ) to the party.
2 if you don’t run, you will miss the bus.
9 Use the prompts to make full sentences, then 3 When you are ready to leave, call me.
say which type of conditional each sentence is. 4 Unless it stops raining, we won't go for a walk.
5 i l l / W h e n you eat your dinner, you can have
l mix blue and yellow paint -’ make green paint some cake.
If you mix blue and yellow point, you make 6 Unless he comes soon, we will have to leave
green paint (Conditional Type 0/ without him.
not go to bed early -' be tired in the morning 7 When you finish the report, give it to the
freeze water -t become ice
ooooVooahooM

manager
miss the train -+ be late for work 8 If you like this soup, you can have some more.
not eat breakfast -' be hungry later 9 When/It you leave the house, lock the door.
put salt in coffee -t taste awful 10 Unless we save some money, we can’t go on
not water plants -t die holiday this year.
go to party -t have fun
leave ice cream in the sun -> melt
Use the PramPts to make sentences with if/
_a

not study hard -+ not pass your exams

(See p. 172) when/ unless.

1 0 Use the prompts to continue the story, as in

i get married — move to a bigger house
the example.
If / get married, I’ll move to a bigger house.
When / get married, I’llmove to a bigger house.
0 Vera leave countryside 0 move to the city
0 live in flat 0 not have garden 0 be unhappy I won’t move to a bigger house unless I getmarried.
find a job — buy a cor
0 move back to countryside
pass the exams — get a certificate
A: If Vera leaves the countryside, she’ll move to
save some money — go on holiday
get my degree — become a doctor
the city.
B: If she moves to the city, etc
need you — call you (See p. 173)
(See p. )7?)
95
 s"
““2. ‘u'n
0 Reflexive pronouns 2 It was such a great party that we didn't want to
go home.
1 4 Complete the dialogues using the correct 3 Clare was so tired that she fell asleep at her
reflexive pronoun. desk.
4 He is such a talented singer that everyone wants
: Did you need a map to find the hotel? to get tickets for his concert.
No, we found it by ourselves. 5 Sam shouted so loudly that the neighbours heard
: Paul's a very talented guitar player. him.
Yes, he taught himself.
on

: The Smiths' house looks great! 1 7 Rewrite each sentence with two to four
I believe they decorated it themselves. words, including the word in bold.
: What's wrong with Julie?
Oh, she iust wants to be by herself. T if you're not careful, you’ll hurt yourself.
: Where did you buy your dress? unless You will hurt yourself unless you are
I didn't buy it. I made it myself. careful.
2 You will be tired unless you go to bed early.
] 5 Use the verbs in the list and the correct if You will be tired if you don't go to bed
reflexive pronouns to complete the early.
sentences, as in the example. 3 She is such a rich woman. As a result, she
doesn’t have to work.
0 hurt 0 scald 0 serve 0 switch 0 lock 0 pour so That woman is so rich that she doesn’t
have to work.
1 He locked himself out, so he had to climb 4 The weather was so bad that our holiday was
through the window. ruined.
2 Most petrol stations these days are self-service. such It was such bad weather that our
You have to serve yourself. holiday was ruined.
3 The oven will switch itself off when the food is 5 He will lose his job if he doesn't work harder.
ready. unless He will lose his iob unless he works
4 | scolded myself when the kettle started harder.
boiling. b It was such an interesting book that he couldn’t
5 They were thirsty, so they poured themselves a stop reading it.
drink. so The book was so interesting that he
6 Chloé hurt herself when she fell off her bike. couldn't stop reading it.

0 Result Clauses PREPOSITIONS

1 6 Fill in the gaps with so or such a/ an. impressed by/with insist on
make an impression on sb interested in
.— increase in jealous of
-

_ invitation to keen on 5th

-.

—'..-.
—,
-. 1 8 Complete the sentences with the correct
- . phrases from the table.
. £3
_.‘?
-—"
1 Each year, there is an increase in the number of
_.
‘ . runners who take part in the London Marathon.
.—
2 If you are interested in folk music, you should
buy tickets for the local festival.
l The day was so sunny that we went for a
picnic.

96
 3 The manager insists on being present at all the 5 I'm hungry. I think| ..... some chips.
I . interviews. ® will buy B am going to buy
4 Charlotte wants to go to the film festival because C am buying
she is keen on becoming an actress. 6 A detective is someone ..... solves crimes.
5 The spectators were impressed by the strength ® who B whom C whose
and courage of the athletes. 7 We ..... to Italy twice. We love it there.
6 David was jealous of Georgina because her ® have been B have been going
carnival costume was better than his. C have gone
7 If you want to make an impression on the
8 Jane ..... on the phone when the alarm went off.
principal, always hand in your work on time.
A talked B had been talking© was talking
8 IfJulie sends us an invitation to her wedding, we
will go. 9 Can you tell me ..... coat this is, please?
A who B who's ©whose
10 Don’t worry.I've ..... cooked dinner for us.
PREPOSITIONAI. PHRASES ® already B lately C since
I l John’s house is ..... bigger than his brother’s.
in the mood in return A more ®much C most
in person in secret 12 Did you really eat a whole ..... of biscuits for
in public in a queue breakfast?
A tube B carton ©packet

‘i 19 Complete the sentences with the correct

ll phrases from the table.

1 At the graduation ceremony, parents waited in a

queue to enter the main hall.
2 The actor was unable to collect his award in
person because he was in hospital.
3 James felt in the mood to dance when the jazz
musicians started to play.
4 Mrs Smith gave Tim 5110 in return for his help. 2] Fill in each gap with one correct Word.
5 Angela arranged the party in secret because she
wanted to surprise her parents. 1 I've never been to Ireland, but I hear it’s lovely
6 The Princess never went out in public because there.
photographers always followed her. I haven’t finished making dinner yet.
Would you like some tea?
Did you burn yourself?
01-t

0 Revision Section (Units T;5) We don't have enough eggs — I'll have to go
l and buy some.
ll 20 Circle the correct item.
O

I can’t/never eat cottage cheese because it

makes me ill.
l Kate ...... with her grandparents at the moment. 7 Hurry up or you'll be late for work again.
A stays is staying C stayed 8 They were eating dinner when the fire started.
2 The Nile is ..... river in the world. 9 Petra is far too qualified to work in a shop.
A the long B the longer C) the longest TO How long has she worked for the company?
3 There isn’t ..... milk left.I'll buy some more. 11 Mary has at least ten cats in her garden.
A some @any C no 12 What's the weather like in your country during
4 David works ..... a teacher in a high school. the summer?
A like .as C so

97
 The, InfinitiVe

The infinitive’s are the tOeinfinittt/Ie. (He-pion'rised to help me/ and the bare infinitive (I must leave now].

We use. the try-infinitive:

' to express.purpose. I woke up early to Catch thewmomrng train.
0 after-certain verbsvsuch as advise, agree, appear, decide, expect, hope, offer, promise, refuse,
Steam, Want, etc. They decided to sell their old car.
0‘
after adjectives such as nice, sorry, glad, happy, afraid, easy, difficult, etc.
It’s easy to learn how to drive a car.
.0 after Would prefer. I wouldprefer to live in the country.
‘0 after too and enough. Heis too youngto cross the street. I’ve saved enough money to buy a car.
“‘We U59 the bare infinitive:
0 after modal Verbs (can, may, should, etc). You can use the phone.
0 after the verbs let, make, .see, hear and feel. He never lets me.pay the bill.
0 after would rather and had better. I’drather stay at heme tonight. We’dbetter"go new,

Tenses .of-th‘einfinitive:

. Tense Reference Example

Present: Ito] 90 present~‘anid They Want to go home.
future He wants to travel to China next year.
Present Cont: (tot hegoing action They are thought to be hiding on
' happening now a remote island. 7
Perfect: he) have gone past .. He claims to have won the lottery.
Perfect Cont: {to} have, been past They claim to have been working
going very hard.

The -ing form

Weuse the...-ing forms:

6 as a noun. Painting is one of my favourite hobbies;
0. after prepositions. He apologised for being rude.
'0 after love, like, enloy, dislike, hate and- prefer to express general preference.
Hove cooking for my friends. He prefers watching TV'to dancing.
0’
after certain verbs such as consider, avoid, deny, fancy, spend, mind, begin, finish, admit,
etc. l don't mindgoing to the cinema.
’0' after '90 for activities. We never go swimrrting anymore.
0 after it’s no use, it’s no good, be busy, can't help, can’t stand, look forward to, be/get used
to, have difficulty in, etc. / can’1‘ help feeling nervous during exams.

98 ‘7 a _
 GHQ
0N
NI
(’1

Verbstalking the tosintiniti'ire drrthé -ing form with a change in meaning:

0 remember + to-inti‘n.itive==" not forget - remember 4- ~ing form =f'recflll

I must remember to scrollmy parents, tonight. if!) always remember buying my first‘ear,
07‘
0 target + to-intiriitive = not remember forget + -ing form = not recall
I forgot to turn eff the:arr-conditioner. lit/Inever forget sailing down theNile.
0 stop + tointinitive =’ stop: briefly;tosIsthgelse 0 stop + -ing‘form = finish, give-up .
She stopped to have a Cup of'cotfee and i think you should stop playing Computer ,
then carriedon with her work. gaméssdwmg lessons,

—_;-_
Modals
"1
'0 We use m‘USt'ii‘ “ We. use can/‘cQUId/may/might to, osk tier
=- to express obligationt, 'ne'eeSS‘ity ‘and‘tivduty; permission _, Could/May/Mi'ght are more
You must Wear a:tie/met when ridingm tormal than cans
motorcycle. (You have to wear a helmet.) Can /90 to the park?
—- torexpress that it is necessary to do sth. Cou/d/May/Might I take next Monday off?
‘i must water the plants. (It is necessary.) l‘ls it permitted tor me to ,,. ?)
~ 5 t positive logical assumptions,
We use can/may to give permission,,May
Shemvstbe-dr’i‘ actress. /’ve seen her on TV.
is more formal than can-
.(l‘m Sure. she’s an actress.) Of course you can use thephone
We use can't'tor negative logical You may leave your taggage here, sir;
assumptions, [You are allowed to ...)
Jack and‘Pau/ can't be strangers. They’ve
beennext door neighbours for years.
(I'm sure they aren't‘strangers.)
permission. May not‘i's Formal.
lfm afraid you can’tstay late tonight.
we use mustn't/can’t tor prohibitions. You mustn‘t watch TV after 9 pm.
You mustn’t/can’tpark your carnem a bus You may not Write in ink- dlrrtr'ig the},resin
stop. “(It's forbidden to park there.) (Youaren‘t olloWed to:...)
We use have to to express that it is
necessary to do ,stl't (especially when We use could/may/might to show that
somebody else other than the speaker has something is possible or likely;
made the decision). Tom could/may/might sii'l/ be at s‘choo/g
/ have to stay tateat work tomorrow. {it’s possible that he is still at school.)
(My boss told me. to stay.) We use would/could/can to make, oivreeuest
We use don't have to/needn’t to express Cauldyeu open the deer For me», please?
lack ot necessity.
You don’t have to/needn't do the shopping.
I’ve a/ready done it. (It isn’t necessary for
you to do it)

99
 fit

0 The Infinitive / -ing Form 2 Circle the correct item.

Put the verbs in brackets into the correct l Stop ........ at once!
infinitive or -ing form to complete the A to talk ® talking C talk
dialogues, as in the example.
2 I'd rather ........ steak than fish.
® have B to have C having
3 Jan begged her father to let her ........ out late.
A to stay ® stay C staying
4 The family were all looking forward ........ on
holiday.
A going ® to going C to go
5 The teacher told him he must ........ harder.
® study B studying C to study
6 He denied ........ the watch.
A steal B to steal ©stealing
7 I'm busy ........ my kitchen at the moment.
: What did Sally say? A paint ® painting C to paint
: Well, she agreed to meet (meet) us at the 8 Ben's interested in ........ karate lessons.
train station a t 6 : 0 0 . A to take ® taking C take
: I’m really looking forward to seeing (see) 9 When you finish ........ you can watch television.
Tom again. A eat B to eat ©eating
: Yes. It’s been ages since we last saw him.
10 They would prefer ........ tennis on Saturday
: Do you fancy visiting (visit) the Martins this
>

afternoon rather than Sunday morning.

Friday? ® to play B playing C play
: Yes, that would be nice.
: I really want to buy (buy) an air-conditioner.
: Me, too. It's very hot this summer, isn't it? 3 Complete the sentences, as in the example.
: i hate going (go) to the opera. l It's difficult to play the piano, in my opinion.
: Really? I love the opera! Playing the piano is difficult, in my opinion.
: Did you remember to call (call) your 2 Paul doesn't mind taking the dog for a walk.
mother? Paul is happy to take the dog for a walk.
B: Yes. I called her this morning. 3 Sue said she would make a salad for the party.
Sue agreed to make a salad for the party.
>

: I couldn’t help noticing (notice) that Ray has

4 It’s not my fault that I’m so nervous.
bought a new laptop.
I can’t help being nervous.
: Yes, his old one was stolen last week.
5 The children can't wait to go on holiday.
: I don't mind looking (look) after your dog The children are looking forward to going on
while you’re away. holiday.
: Thanks. That would be great. 6 Carol hates watching football matches.
A: What would you like to have (have) for Carol can't stand watching football matches.
dessert? 7 They said they didn’t cheat in the test.
' H o w about a fruit salad? They denied cheating in the test.
8 Would you like to go to the theatre?
10 : Does Greg know how to swim?
93>

Do you fancy going to the theatre?

No. I don’t know why, though. It's so easy
to learn (learn).

100
 4 a) Read the extract and put the verbs in 6 Simon is a professionalphotographer.
brackets into the correct Use the prompts to talk about him, as in
infinitive or the example.
-ing form.

0 spend/hours/work/in/dark room
0 want/open/gallery/in London
0 always/remember/meet/his favourite
photographer/when/he/be/a child
' love/travel/all over the world/take/photos
0 hope/own/house/in the south of France/
My brother always loved (l) playing (play) the one day
cello, ever since he was a child. He began (2) 0 can’t stand/live/in the city
taking (take) cello lessons when he was five and he 0 finds it difficult/meet/new people
always wanted (3) to become (become) a 0 enioy/take/long walks/in the country/Sundays
professional cellist. Our parents had no objections Simon spends hours working in the dark room.
and let him (4) do (do) whatever he liked. Then one (See p. (73)
day, when we were all looking forward to him (5)
Read the sentences and underline the correct
receiving (receive) his diploma, he decided (6) to infinitive tense.
‘ quit (quit) music and join the army.
The Browns plan MAO
_|

be buying a new car.

b) Use the prompts to Write a similar short 2 A: Where's laura?
paragraph about a girl called Donna. B: She must be studying/have studied.
0 Donna/love/paint/ever since/child 3 He hopes to have Won/to win first place in the
0 begin/take lessons/5 years ago race.
4 Harry seems to be crying/to cry. I wonder what's
now/plan/become/professional artist
wrong.
look forward/have/own studio
5 A: Why does Tom look so tired?
0 hope/be/famous some day
B: Well, he claims to do/to have been doing a
(See p. (73) lot of overtime lately.
5 Use the words/phrases to make sentences, 6 She claims to have met/to meet the Queen, but I
as in the example. don't believe her.
7 A: Have the police found the robbers?
0 like 0 expect 0 difficult 0 seem 0 enough B: Not yet. They are believed to hide/m
0 dislike 0 may 0 happy 0 decide 0 promise hiding somewhere in the mountains.
0 consider 0 it's no use 0 can't stand 0 afraid 8 A: W are you going on holiday, John?
refuse 0 fancy 0 agree 0 would prefer B: I may have gone/g_o to Portugal, but l’m not
can't help 0 it's no good sure yet.
9 A: What time do you expect Jane to arrive/to
III/(e meeting new people. have arrived?
(See p. l 7 3 B: At 6:30.
101
 .7" “- a 1"
a

10 A: Did you know that Pete has entered the 3 A: You needn't/don't have to buy any apples.
London Marathon? I’ve just bought a kilo.
B: Yes - and he says he expects to be finishing/ B: Great!I'll make an apple pie, then.
to finish in less than two hours! 4 A: You mustn't wear high-heeled shoes on the
t l The Vikings are known to reach/to have reached boat.
North America 1,000 years ago. B: Oh, I'm sorry!I’ll take them off.
12 A: Did you hear about Angie’s accident last 5 A: You needn’t/don’t have to feed the dog. I fed
week? him ten minutes ago.

>90
B: Yes. She is said to be driving/to haVe been All right.I’ll take him fora walk.

0
driving too fast. :You needn’t/don’t have to go to the post
office now. You can go later.
OK.
: You mustn’t take the car again without asking.
0 Modals
I'm sorry, Mum.
Must/Mustn’t, Have to/Don’t

co
: Can I take photographs in the museum?
have to, Needn’t : No, you mustn’t. lt's forbidden.
: Shall I help you with your luggage?
8 Read the youth hostel rules and say what ' You needn't/don't have to, thanks. It isn’t
you must or mustn’t do, as in the example. heavy.
t o A: Now, you mustn't open your exam papers
until I tell you.
B: Yes, Mrs Douglas.
'r

‘3 _ Youth .91 ' l o Imagine you work at a campsite. What

Head! Mes 't do/don’t you have to do? Make sentences,
as in the example.
Guests are kindly asked to keep the
I-
v following in mind: i We have to work
Don’t with children.
We don’f have
o smokein thelounge. fl
to wear
3- cook in your room.
a uniform.
up: have parties-getter" 7 pm. ., l
133) r .l (See p. l 7 3 )
o tumsgftthe lights when
yau leave your room.
.3 pay the rent on time. '. ] 'I Use have fo/musf, don’f have to or mustn’t
. respeCt Other guests. and the prompts below to make sentences
i 0 keep the bathroom about travelling to a tropical country, as in
a clean at all timers. . the example.
(See p. l 7 3)
0 have the correct currency V
You mustn’t smoke in the lounge. 0 get a visa l/
(See p. l 7 3)
0 drink the tap water X
Fill in the gaps with mustn’t or needn’t/don’t
0 book a hotel in advance X
have to.
0 hire a local guide X
0 get a vaccination V
l A: You mustn't be late for school.
0 respect the local customs and traditions V
B: I’m sorry.It won’t happen again.
0 travel around without your passport X
2 A: Shall I water the plants?
B: No, you needn't/don't have to. I've already
You have fo/musf have the correct currency.
102 watered them.
 0" “In.“
0‘ _
\

0 Can/Can’t, Have to/Don’t have to 4 Your father asks you if you’ve seen his glasses.
You think you saw them on the kitchen table.
1 2 Use can, can’t, have to and don'f have to Express this possibility.
* with the prompts below to ask and ansWer Your glasses/They could be on the kitchen table.
questions about your school rules. You want to spend the night at a friend’s house.
Ask your mother for permission.
0 wear ieans/a uniform Can I spend the night at John's house?
0 eat during lessons/behave ourselves You want to make an omelette but have no
0 play computer games during lessons/ eggs. Ask your brother to go to the shop to buy
concentrate some.
0 use our mobile phones/turn off our mobile Could/Can you go and buy some eggs?
phones when in class
0 write in pencil/in ink ]5 Underline the correct word.
0 use a calculator/make our own calculations
when taking a Maths test _a
Qt/Mustn't I leave my luggage here?
They mustn't/grit be on holiday.
I A: Can we wear jeans at school?
I'm afraid you Qw/can sit here. These seats
B: No, We can’f. We have to Wear a uniform.
(See p. 173)
are reserved.
You must/mustn’t walk on the grass. It’s not
1 3 Replace the phrases in bold with you must, allowed.
you mustn’t, you have to, you don’f have to, 5 Co_uld/Can't I borrow your pencil, please?
you can or you can’t. o Susan may/M be abroad!| just saw her this
morning.
1 You are obliged to wear a seatbelt when 7 You could/flay not use my computer.
driving. 8 May/Mustn’t I speak to Mrs Harper, please?
2 You don’t have permission to park here. It’s
private property.
3 It's not necessary to wear a tie to the party. It's 16 Look at the signs. Where can you find them?
an informal event.
What do they mean? Make sentences using
4 You have permission to go to the barbecue, but
modal verbs, as in the example.
you are obliged to be home before i l :00.
5 In some countries, it's forbidden to smoke in
public places.
6 It’s necessary to have your identity card with you
at all times. (See p_ 173)

0 Can, Could, May, Can’t/May not

' SERVICE
1 4 Study the situations and write sentences
using may, can, could or can’r, as in the
example.

1 You want to leave at 4 o'clock instead of 5 on

Tuesday. Ask your manager for permission.
May/Can/Coula’ I leave work at 4 o’clock on
Tuesday?
2 Your son wants a puppy. Refuse permission.
You can't/may not have a puppy. i You can find this sign in a library.
3 Your sister wants to borrow your camera. Give It means you must be quiet/mustn’t talk.
her your permission.
(See p. l 7 3 )
You can borrow my camera.
103
 0“ GM
.
5:! "ta;
1 7 Complete the sentences using must be or bl Now look at the pictures below and make
can’t be, as in the example. your OWn assumptions. (See p. 174)

l The Smiths live in a mansion.

They must be rich.
2 Paul doesn't know how to ski.
He can't be a ski instructor, then.
3 Richard isn’t at work.
Well, then he must be at home.
4 It smells wonderful in here.
Yes - Mum must be baking a cake.
5 Lillian doesn't like eating vegetables.
I see — so she can't be a vegetarian.
6 My sister has four cats, three dogs and two birds.
She must be an animal lover. I Complete the sentences below using must
7 Tony hates cooking. be, can’t be, must have or can’t have, as in
He can’t be a chef. the example.
8 Janice works in a hospital. It

That means she can’t be a musician. ] A: Have you seen Sheila?

B: I think she must be upstairs watching TV.
2 A: Is that Gary's sister?
1 8 0) Use must/can’t with the prompts to make
B: It can't be. Gary doesn’t have a sister.
sentences about the pictures, as in the 3
A: Could you please lend me some money?
example.
B: What? You can’t have spent all your
allowance already! I
, A: Why was George limping?
z B:He must have sprained his ankle. ‘
. b ,_ 5 A: I think Danny must have lied to the manager. .
a ustnessman B: I disagree. He's a very honest man.
0 a student
0 finish work ’
- toIki‘ng;,.t9i.q:ienat PREPOSITIONS
9’0““
. '9?“ V f 7 lack of nervous about
lend sth to sb nice to
married to opinion on
mistake sb for sb opposite to
He must be on a bus/train.
l7 4l
He can't be at work. _ (See P-
Fill in each gap with the correct phrase from
the table, as in the example. J

,. friends l You should always be nice to your friends, even '

. {stud-exits. . when they annoy you.
. havmg a good time 2 Because of the lack of water in
. .tnthe-pa‘rk desert areas, trees can’t survive.
: he lagging 3 I’ll never lend my books to Jill again. She never
have lUnCJh yet gives them back.
4 The teacher asked Jim for his opinion on global
warming.

104
 ON 30
4%

Bill has been married to Marge for fifteen years.

. It's very easy to mistake Jeff for Adam; after all,
MW‘0"

4 Steve usually .............. at night and can’t get

up in the morning.
they are identical twins! ® studies B is studying
' Carole felt very nervous about her first job C was studying
interview. 5 He hasn’t driven a car .............. ten years now.

\1001-5
_‘ Everything he says is opposite to what he really A already B since © for
believes.
o It took Mary 0 long time to get ........ her illness.
A by 6) over C up
PREPOSlTIONAL PHRASES 7 The airline ............ the flight without explaining
the reason.
on one's birthday
A had been cancelling ® cancelled
on 0 a cruise/excursion/trip/tour
on one’s mind
C was cancelling
on the way to (= as I was going) 8 Liam walked down the .............. country lane,
on sale enjoying the peace and quiet.
on duty narrow B small C old-fashioned
on the news 9 Eating a balanced diet will lower the risk .........
heart disease.
Fill in each gap with the correct phrase from ® of B with C for
the table, as in the example. 10 There’s nothing Jane enjoys more than a plate of
.............. eggs.
006:

| 1 Are you planning to have a big party on your A mashed @scrambled C grated
l birthday? ’ l l Did you remember .............. the letter when
l 2 The car broke down on the way to the beach.
you went out?
3 He must have something on his mind, because A post B posting © to post
l he looks so serious.
4 The policeman knew he had to be on duty by 10 12 You .............. forget to hand in your proiect
pm. tomorrow.

5 Tickets for the concert will go on sale this @mustn’t B needn't C don't have to
Friday.
6 When Kate turned on the TV and saw her brother
on the news, she was shocked. 23 Fill in each gap with one correct word.
7 They've gone on a cruise round the world.
1 Paul is the ski instructor who broke his leg.
2 Jill doesn’t work on Saturdays. She always goes
away.
0 Revision Section (Units 1—6) 3 We are going to the theatre tonight.
Can you come?
22 Circle the correct item. There was a terrible accident here last week.
Ididn’t sleep because it was raining all night.
l Anne enioys her iob .............. the long hours Jason has been playing computer games all day.
and poor pay. Make sure you turn off the television before going
® in spite of B even though C furthermore out.
2 You'll be able to find the phone number by If you exercise regularly, you will get fitter.
looking it .............. in the directory. There isn’t much time, so tell me quickly.
A for B through ©up You mustn’t touch the paintings. It's forbidden!
3 The hurricane completely ........... all the houses
in the village.
A drowned ® destroyed C exploded

105
 The:Passive

0 We term the passive: with theiverb to be and the past participle of the main verb.
0 The-‘preSentusirnple passive form is:.arn/is/ are + past participle
English is spoken all over the world.
0 The simple past passive form is: was/were + past participle.
The project was finished yesterday.
0 We;use the passiVe when we won't toidcu‘s on the actio‘not the verb rather than on the person
who carries out the action.
.Thewmeeting was cancelledlast week.
' "We,introduce the agent (the person who. carries out the‘ecti‘Onl with by as the preposition. The
agent is mentioned only when the identity of the person is important.
Penicillin Was discoveredby Alexander Fleming.
' The agent is not mentioned when:
a) It is unknown. Their car was stolen yesterday. (We do not know who stole it.)
b), it is unimportant. She- was given a basket of fruit as a gift. ‘(It doesn't matter who gave it.)
c) it is obvioustrorn the context. He was; arrested. ‘ ( b y the-police _,_ only they arrest people)

Changing from Active into Passive

0 The object ot'the actiVe sentence becomes thesubiect in the passive sentence.
0'
The active verb changes into a passive lorm.
0.
The subtect of the active sentence becomes the agent.

active passive
He ' ints the house. Thehouse is. nted.
continuous e is ntin t e . e 7 is- ng pat '
. e in t e ouse. ,. was i
continuous He was intin ouse. use was
i ' He as in ouse. se 5-
‘l ' He “pain e use.
wi int the se. wi pain
‘to int . 7 'se as to pat
'm’oy' paint . ouse may ‘ paint

l lVerbl [Objectl [Suibiectl lVerbl [Agent]

i I ,-..__
Active: Thedeéora‘tor paints the house. Passive: The house is paintedlby the decorator.
Note: We cannot say ”it was,rained yesterdey” or ”it was snowed" because only the verbs that take
an obiect can have posSiverlOrms. ‘
John drives the car. -,' The car is driven. byjehn...

v ,
106 V
 ,2
f
0 When the subject of the active sentence is people, one, someone/somebody, they, he, etc, we
often omit the agent in the passive sentence.
People speak English in most parts of the world. 4 English is spoken in most parts of the world
=0 Object pronouns (me, you, him, etc) become subieet pronouns (I, you, he, etc) in the passive
/ asked her to read the book. 4 She was asked to read the book
‘0 When the verb of the active sentence is followedlay-a preposition, the“ prepositiori is kept in the
passive sentence aswell. ‘
/ put him up for the night. 4 H e was put up farther night

By/With:
D We use by'wt-i agent’in passive sentencesjtagsaytwho or what performs the action.
These pancakes were rnade by my mother: l
0 We Use with + instrument/material/ingredient/etc to say what'the agent Used.
Thesepancakes were;made with flow; @995. andmilk.

CompoundNouns
Compound netms: are miadzeupcatittworer more-Wordsidndlore.formed assliews:
0 noun ,+ noun: the plural is formed by adding ~s ester the second noun
taxi driver 4 taxi drivers greenhouse gas 4 greenhouse (gases
' adie.ctive/-ing form + noun: the plural is formed by adding -s/-es to the noun}.
sittingroom 4 sitting-rooms double-decker bus 4 double-(sleeker buses
‘ 'naun + adVe’rb: the plural is formed by adding ~s to the noun
passer—by 4 passersby motherinlaw 4 mothers--/n--law

Shall (offer/suggestion)
h'
0 We use shall (shall l/we) when asking for advice or making suggestions or offers.
Where shall We go for dinner? (asking: for advice)
Shall / close the window as it’s getting cold? (suggestion or offer)
' We use shall + infinitive without to.
0 We use shall only with| and we. Shalll/We go? NOT glee-(Lhaishe go?

Will/Would (Requests)
0 We use will/would in questions to ask for information, permission or assistance, and to tell
| people what to do.
l VVill/Would youpost this letter for me, please? (assistance)
( VVill/Would you stop talking? (telling people what to do)
Will/ Would / be able to take a week all? (permission)
VVill/Would you tellme what the time is? (information)
. ° Would you is a more polite way of making requests than will you.
l“
l 107
 0 The Passive Make sentences about what you are Wearing
and the things in your bag, as in the example.
l a) Fill in the gaps in the table.
My watch was made in Italy.
(35' own answers)

Tense Active Passive Look at the four pictures and make sentences
with the passive in the appropriate tense
Present Simple: l) contaminate is/are
using the prompts.
contaminated
Present Cont.: is/are pumping 2) is/are being 0 fence/build 0 rubbish/collect 0 bin/empty
pumped 0 trees/cut down 0 forest/clear by next week '
0 flowers/grow/garden
Past Simple: 3) bred were bred
Past Cont.: wos/were 4) was/were
damaging being
damaged
Present Perfect: 5) have/has have/has
dumped been dumped
.Future Simple: will destroy b) will be
destroyed

b) Use the appropriate forms from the table

to complete the sentences.

That river is contaminated by industrial waste

and sewage.
The lions are very tame because they were bred
in captivity.
Millions of litres of dangerous liquids are being
pumped into our seas everyday. 7 The fence is being built.
Our planet will be destroyed if we don’t do (See p. l 74)
something about it now.
In the lQSOs people didn’t know that aerosols 5 Use the prompts to complete the dialogues.
were damaging the ozone layer.
That old car has been dumped here. I’m going 1 : Why did you come by bus?
>U7>

to call the council! : My bike/steal/yesterday

You shouldn’t pour strong chemicals down the 2 : What are you doing on Saturday night?
sink, because they enter seas and rivers and B: l/invite to/a party
contaminate them. A: Why didn’tJohn come last week?
B: His car/repair
Fill in by or with, as in the example. A: Do you have your exam results yet?
B:No — hopefully we/tell/soon
The notice was stuck to the wall with Sellotape. A: How old is the building?
The film was reviewed by a famous critic. B: lt/build/l 826
The cake was decorated with whipped cream A: Is the report finished?
and cherries. B: Nearly — it/type/at the moment
In lQOO the World Cup was stolen, but it was A: Did the police catch the criminal?
later found by a dog called Pickles. B: Yes — he/orrest/last night
The operation was performed with the latest A: How are things at work?
laser technology. B: Great - l/give/O Pr°m°ll°n (See p.
174)
108
 Rewrite the sentences in the passive, as in 8 a) Read the passage and put the verbs in
the example. brackets into the correct passive tense.
Ttfie—w In.”
An elderly couple own that restaurant.
That restaurant is owned by an elderly couple. Winiewhdte . f ‘ " " "3—“
Thousands of people bought the book.
The blue whale is the largfiést liVing creature;
The book was bought by thousands of people. Ill-
these whales are eund (fInd)
The newspaper will print the story tomorrow. lllhiE h. Usually
The story will be printed tomorrow (by the
are forced (force) to travel to warmer waters for
newspaper).
food it is hought (think) that there were easiest
They are holding the meeting at T l o'clock.
, "hitndred's of thousands of blue whales, althoug‘?
The meeting will be/is going to be held at i t
now only about i 00.0 survive. During the l . i I
o'clock.
'century, blue whales were hunted (hunt) for f ’ ..
They will open the new supermarket soon.
find for whalebone, which was used (use) to m
The new supermarket will be opened soon.
women’s clothing. In 1930, 30,000 blue wh"
A big fire completely destroyed the building.
The building was completely destroyed by a big fire.
A famous author was writing a TV documentary
about India.
blue whales will be
A TV documentary about India was being written
seen (see) In the World's
by a famous author.
oceans again}.
They have made huge advances in computer
technology in the last five years.
Huge advances in computer technology have
been made in the last five years.

Use the passive to ask questions about the

information given, as in the example. b) Ask and ansWer questions, as in the
example.
Stamps are sold at the Post Office.
Where are stamps sold? 3) Where are blue whales usually found?
The house was built thirty years ago. 52 In the Arctic and Antarctic Oceans.
When was the house built? How many blue whales are thought to
survive today?
The train will be delayed for two hours.
33 A thousand. Why were they hunted? etc
How long will the train be delayed for? (See p. 1 7 4 )
Bob is paid about 225,000 a year.
How much is Bob paid a year? 9 Match the compound nouns, then use the
The first Olympic Games were held in Greece. verbs to write sentences in the passive, as in
Where were the first Olympic Games held? the example.
The film was directed by Alfred Hitchcock. volcanic spill . Verbs
Who was the film directed by? oil rain destroy
The parcel will be delivered tomorrow. acid petrol contaminate
When will the parcel be delivered? global gases pollute
The curtains have been washed twice. unleaded eruption spoil
How many times have these curtains been washed? air warming threaten
The thief has been arrested six times. greenhouse pollution cause
How many times has the thief been arrested?
The t 0 P 0f 0 snooker table is covered Will) green Most of the town was destroyed by the volcanic
do”) e’UP”°"-
'What is the top of a snooker table covered with?
(See p. I74)
109
 MM
a \.

6.7 ‘5
PREPOSITIONS 5 He's so tall that he has to have his clothes made
(be) patient with sb/sth — he can't buy them off the peg.
provide sb with 6 I didn't think I would pass the exam, but to my
punish sb for surprise I got an A.
protect sb/sth against/from sth
pay for sth 1 2 Complete each sentence with Mo to four
pay by cheque/credit card words, including the word in bold.
(take) pleasure in
(take) pride in 1 They are playing the game at 8 o’clock.
being The game is being played at 8 o’clock.
Fill in each gap with the correct phrase from 2 Someone should invite Paul to the party.
the list above. be Paul should be invited to the party.
3 They agreed to change the rules.
Teachers must be patient with their students.
_|

agreed It was agreed that the rules be changed.

You can't afford a new car. How are you going 4 Everyone congratulated the couple when they got
to pay for it? married.
I take pride in my work.| always try to do my were The couple were congratulated by
best. everyone when they got married.
You should wear sunglasses to protect your eyes 5 They will send us more information later.
against/from the sun. be More information will be sent to us
I didn't have enough cash so I had to pay by later.
credit card. 6 A huge storm caused maior flooding.
The government must punish hunters for killing by Maior flooding was caused by a huge
endangered species. storm.
Schools should provide children with a good 7 A team of scientists will carry out the research.
basic education. be The research will be carried out by a
I take pleasure in listening to classical music. team of scientists.
8 It is reported that several cars were destroyed by
the explosion.
PREPOSITIONAL PHRASES been Several cars are reported to have been
off the peg = (clothes) bought in a shop destroyed by the explosion.
off the record = unofficial remarks/statements 9 It is expected that Dave will win the race.
off school/work = take time off from school/work is Dave is expected to win the race.
to one’s surprise = when something unexpected 10 They will serve dinner at 9 o’clock every night.
happens be Dinner will be served at 9 o'clock every
to this day = even now he. since long ago) night.
to some extent = only partly true l l The earthquake destroyed many buildings in the city.
were Many buildings in the city were
] 1 Fill in the gaps with the correct prepositional destroyed by the earthquake.
phrase. 12 People say that he is very good at his )ob.
said It is said that he is very good at his job.
When I caught the flu l was off work for two l 3 They are performing the concert in London.
weeks. being The concert is being performed in
Mr Stevens made some remarks off the record London.
after the meeting finished. 14 Several newspapers reported that the Prime
To some extent Ted was right, but there was a lot Minister was ill.
of truth in Sarah’s viewpoint. reported It was reported by/ in several newspapers
The statue was erected when the dog died. To that the Prime Minister was ill.
this day tourists flock to see Greyfriars Bobby.

110
 Ni 6'
\ a
13° ”*1.
fit .

3 Match each question “-6)to the correct 10 We have been ............ for you for hours.
ansWer (A-F). A wait 6) waiting C waited
- S h a l l I telephone Mary and ask her to come? 1 1 If I save enough money, I will ............ my own
- W i l l you lock up when you have finished? business.
- S h a l l I put these flowers in some water for you? ® set up B set off C set aside
- W o u l d you be able to give me a lift home 12 My house is ............ tomorrow.
tonight? A decorating being decorated
- S h a l l we go out for dinner tomorrow night? C will be decorated
- W o u l d you help me with this work?
13 His car was repaired ............ the mechanic.
Yes, thank you. There is a vase in the cupboard. ® by B for C with
I can’t. I will be working late tomorrow. 14 It has been ............ that he is the greatest artist
Yes — I'm sure she would enioy it. of his generation.
Yes, if you give me the keys. A say B saying C) said
Of course, if you explain what I have to do.
Sorry, but my brother borrowed my car today.
] 5 Fill in each gap with one correct Word.

0 Revision Section (Units 1-7) 1 She always goes away at the weekend.
2 While he was waiting for the bus, he saw a car
14 Circle the correct item. crash into a lorry and burst into flames.
3 i am flying to New York tomorrow, but I’m a bit
1 l’d better ............ . Are you coming with me?
nervous, because I have never been on an
A to go 6) go C going
aeroplane before.
2 Sarah is the woman ............ owns the red car. 4 What an awful film! It is the worst film I've ever
® who B whose C which seen.
3 Look — that's the girl ............ short story was 5 By the time she got to the station, the train had
printed in the school magazine. already left.
‘ A who B who's © whose 6 The children had been playing in the garden all
l 4 Steve was walking to the station ........... he met day and their clothes were covered in mud.
his friend. 7 If you finish that whole tub of ice-cream by
, A as B after © when yourself, you will get a stomach ache.
8 You had better leave now, or you'll be late for
5 Until his holiday last summer he ............ never
school.
been to Italy.
A has ® had C have 9 You don't have to come to the party if you don't
want to.
6 Two men were ............ in the fire. 10 To help protect the environment, food should be
A be injured B iniuring © injured sold in recyclable containers.
7 This is the ............ shop in the city. 11 That store has been closed since last weekend.
A more expensive ® most expensive 12 A new scheme will be announced on Tuesday.
1 C much expensive
8 I had to lend Erica some money yesterday,
because she ............ her purse.
A had been forgetting ® had forgotten
C has forgotten
9 The woman fell over and hurt ............
A yourself B itself © herself

111
 Question Tags
0 Question tags areshort-questions at‘the end of statements.
We term them with the auxiliary :oir modal verb from the main sentence and: the appropriate
subie'ct pronoun.
Tam:is a doctor, isn’t he?
0 We useguestian tags in:speech in "order to confirm something or to: find out it something is true or
not.
0 .A positive statement takes a negative question tag
Mary has gone to the shopping centre, hasn’tshe?
"0 A negative statement takes a positive question tag
He can't be a tennis player, can he?
‘0 ‘When the verb; ot the sentence is in" the present simple, weuse do/ does in the question tog,
Melissa Works for an art gallery, doeSn’t she? ‘ H
'When‘
' the verb at the sentence is in‘ the past simple, "We use;did i‘nu‘th‘e? question tag:..
He deliveredhhe parcel, didn’t he?
0 When the sentence Contains a word with a negative meaning, like never, rarely, seldom or
hardly, the question tag is positive.
They never spend their summer holiday abroad, do they?
0 Some verbs/expressions: totm questions tagszditlerently:
jl am —_a‘ren’t I? I’m right, aren'tl?
lmperative- will you/won't you’?‘ Turn off the lights, Willyou/Won’t you?"
Don't - will you? Don’tshout, willyou?
Let’s — shall we? let’s go for a walk, shall We?
I have (got) — haven’t I? They have (got) two cats, haven't they?
I have (other meaningsl- clori't I? She has breakfast at 8 o clock, doesn'tshe?
There is — isn‘'t there? There is a llight to Toronto tonight, isn-’t there?
This/ That i s - isn't it? That’s your‘sister, isn’t It?

Intonation
0-
When weare sweat the answer, thevoic’ego'es'down in the question tag. (8)
You livein lone/on, donltyou? I 5-)
0 When we are not sure at the answer and want to cheek information, the: voice goes'upftn the
-. question tag. (I)
' She didn’t call, did she-fl} l

Short Questions
We use short questions in conversation to show surprise or interest The short q u e s t i o n uses the
same form, positive or negative, as the statement we are responding to We term them with the,
appropriate auxiliary verb and the pronoun.
A We went to the circus. A: [don’t eat meat
B: Did you? B: Don’t you?
We can use Oh, yes? or Really? instead of the auxiliary + pronoun structure.
A: We had a great time at the party. A: She loves spicy food.
B: Really?I'm glad you enjoyed yourselves. B: Oh, yes? / like it, too.
 ‘
\
s
0,
Owen“
"’4‘.
W

Reported Speech
Reported speech is the exact meaning of what someone said, but not the exact words. We do not use
quotatiOn marks. The word that can either be used or omitted after the introductory verb (say, tell,
suggest,- etc).
He saidlth'at/ he would[o/n fhe tennis all/b.

Reported Statements
0 In reported speech, personal/possessive- pronouns and possessive adjectives change-according
to the meaning of the sentence..
Mary said, ”I’m pointing my bedroom."
Mary said (that) she: was painting‘lter bedroom.

Out-of-date reporting
“We usually report someone’s words a long time after they were said.In this case the introductory verb
is in the past simple and the tenses change as follows:

Direct Speech Reported Speech

Present Simple Past Simple
‘7 want to buy a new car," he said. He said (that) he wanted to buy a new car.
Present Continuous Past Continuous
”She is sleeping,” he said. He said (that/she was sleeping,
Present Perfect Past Perfect ‘
”I’ve finishedmy homework,” he said. He» said (that) he had finished his homework.
Past Simple Past Perfect .
”i bought“ a CD‘player,” he said. He said (that).he had bought a, CDplayer.
Future [will] Conditional (would)
”I'll call you tomorrow,” he said. He said (that) he wouldcall mecfhetnexi days

' Certain wards and time expressions change according to the meaning of the? sentence as
follows-'2
new -t then, at that time last week -t the week before, the previous
today, tonight -> that day, that night week
yesterday -> the day before, the next week H the week after, the following week
previous day ago -+ before
tomorrow -> the next/following day here —+ there
this week -t that week come -* go

0 When the introductory verb is in the present or present perfect, the verb tenses remain the same
in reported speech.
”I always walk to work," says jack.
jack says (that) he always walks to work.

k:
113
 Upst‘oqdate reporting
6 ‘When we report someones wordsa short time alter they were said, the tenses can either change
or remain the some in reported speech.
Direct Speech: ”I’m flying to Milan tomorrow, ”"Tom said.
Riepor-te‘d "Speech: Toml'said'lthatIhe ‘is flying/was flying tob/an tomorrow.

Say — Tell
I We can use theverbssay and tell both in direct and reported: speech” 1
tell + personal obiect [me/him/her/etc} ‘
Shelia/d us (that) Mr Smith was busy.
Herold the teacher ‘lthatl he hadn’tdone»:his homework,
say + to + personal obiect
Shesaid to me that she wanted toga lobed early.
say Without a personal obiect
. She said {that} she wanted to go. to- bed early;

Expressions with say and tell

Say: good morning/otter‘noon/etc, Somethi’ng/nothing/etc, so, a few words
Tell: the truth, the difference; a lie, Sb one's name, 5b a seeret, 5b: the way to ,rs‘b :o-Lst'oryp one
lrom‘va'n‘oth‘er. the time, onefs fortune

Could/Couldn’t
0 We use could/couldn’t to show that someonefhad/didn’t has/eutheability todo: something in the
post. We normally use could/couldn’t to? refer to ability/inability on" repeated occasions in' the
past or over a long period in the post.
:l couldplay the piano Very well when l was ‘y'ouag.
She couldn’t ski 'when she was live years old;

Was/Were able to
to We use was/were able to torshow that someone,had the ability to do something in a particular
situation in the past. In the negative we:can use either wasn't/Weren't able to :or couldn't.
Wewere able to reach the top of the mountain. (We managed to reach the top. of the mountain.)
He wasn’t able to/couldn’t see the lights in the village because of the‘fog.

Used to
. We use used to;+ infinitive to rater to,» post habits or states.In such cases, used lie can be
replaced by the past simple with no difference in meaning,
He used to. Walk/He walked to work until hejg‘at a car. [He d‘oetsn’tr-walk'any; more.)
it We use the post simple, and not used to, for actions which happened at no definite time in the:
pas-r.
We went for a Swim on Sunday. ‘(NIOT‘z . .
 0 Question Tags 0 Short questions
Look at the pictures below. In pairs, ask In pairs, think of a person you both know.
and ansWer questions about each person’s Use the prompts to ask and ansWer questions
Work, age, appearance, name, etc, as in about this person, as in the example.
the example. 0 where/live 0 what/(not) enioy doing
(See p. l74)
0 sth/can do 0 have/pets 0 sth/did yesterday
: He’s a librarian, isn’t he? ' where/went on holiday last summer
: Yes, he is.
V : He works for the local library, doesn't he? He lives in a flat.
' Yes, he does. Does he? He doesn’t like swimming.
Doesn’t he? He enjoys
(See p. WA)

0 Reported Speech
Fill in the blanks with the correct pronoun or
possessive adjective, as in the example.

”My mother asked me to drive her to the

airport," Mary said.
Mary said her mother (had) asked her to drive
her to the airport.
Karen and Mark said, ”We’re having a
barbecue next Sunday in our garden.”
Karen and Mark said they were having a
barbecue next Sunday in their garden.
12 Fill in the correct question tags and short
The twins said,”We want you to teach us how
ansWers. to play chess.”
A: Carol didn’t pass her driving test, did she? The twins said they wanted me/us to teach them
B: No, she didn't. how to play chess.
A: Your sister has lost weight, hasn't she?
B: Yes, she has.
David met a lot of volunteers when he went
to Work in a shelter for the homeless last
A: The Joneses weren’t away last week, were month. Read their comments, then report
they? what they said, as in the example.
B: No, they weren’t.
A: That dog isn’t dangerous, is it? Frank: ”I collect warm clothes for the shelter.”
B: No, it isn't. Frank told him that he collected warm
clothes for the shelter.
A: We haven't run out of milk, have we?
Pete: "I’ve met lots at interesting people.”
B: Yes, we have.
Anne: ”I want to know what I can do to help.”
A: Let's go to the marine park, shall we? Ian: ”We’re opening a new shelter next month.”
B: That sounds like a good idea! Carl: ”i like helping people in need."
A: You can speak tive languages, can't you? (See p. 174)
B: Yes, I can.
A: Those cats are making an awful noise, aren't
6 Underline the correct ansWer.

they? He told m_e/to me that he was an engineer.

B: Yes, they are. i couldn't say/tillthe ditterence between them.
Jeff said me/tgfle he had worked in Rwanda.
A: Alison looks great with short hair, doesn't she?
Tim told us he was visiting some friends of him/his.
B: Yes, she does.
"We’re going shopping,” he §a_id/told.
10 A: Be quiet, will you?
B: I'm sorry. 115
001

7 Fill in each gap with said or told. Read what Louise said about her iob, then
report what she said, as in the example.
1 He said he didn’t like techno music.
2 They said they would be happy to Louise — doctor
look after our dog. "I work with a team of twenty-four doctors and
3 He told them that they could leave assistants. We fly all over the world, to any place
when they were ready. where sick people need help. Last year we were in
4 My mother said that my father was very Rwanda. We stayed there for three months, then we
handsome when he was young. left for India. We have been in India for thirteen
Our teacher told us to work in pairs. months. Next week we are going to Nigeria.
Anna said that she was going to buy Louise is a doctor. She said that she worked with
a new car.
(See p. 174)
8 You have received a letter from a friend on 0 Could - Was able to — Used to
holiday. Read the sentences (1-6), then
complete your friend’s letter, as in the 1 0 Fill in: couldln’t), was(n’t) able to, were/n’t)
example. able to, used to, didn’t use to.

l I couldn't solve crossword puzzles when I was

three years old, but I can now.
2 i didn't use to be afraid of heights, but now i
can't even climb a ladder.
3 The baker's was open, so I was able to buy
some bread.
4 He could speak French fluently by the age of
eight.
5 My grandmother didn't use to have any pets, but
l Tracey said that she was in Greece now she’s got six cats!
2 She said that she had arrived five days before. “:0 6 I’m terribly sorry that I wasn’t able to attend your
3 She said that she was staying'in a fantastic hotel. daughter’s wedding.
4 She said that she had already visited many 7 The restaurant wasn’t fully booked, so we were
museums. able to get a table.
5 She said that the feed wasdelicious.
:e Sire saidthat.s‘hef.waséaeemiiigghomeon the g, it 'I 'I a) Read the comments these people made and
..w_
rewrite them using used to or didn’t use to, as
in the examples. (See p. 175)
Dear Mary,
How are you? I am in Greece. I arrived five days 1 Susan: ”I've got a laptop now.”
ago. It's really beautiful here. i am staying in a Susan didn’t use to have a laptop.
k)

fantastic hotel with a huge swimming pool. I have Kelly: ”I don’t drive to work any more.”
already visited many museums. The people are very I used to drive to work.
nice and the food is delicious.I am coming home on 3 Mark: ”I don't go climbing any more."
the l5th. See you then. 4 Fred: ”I live in a flat now.”
Love, 5 Mary: ”I haven’t got short blonde hair any more."
Tracey 6 Rob: "I go to bed late now."
b) What did/didn’t you use to do when you
were six years old?
I used to wake up late.
I didn’t use to la com uter ames.
p y P 9 (See p. l75l
 3W3a

Fill in each gap with the correct phrase from 0 Revision Section (Units 1—2)
the table, as in the example.
'I 4 Choose the correct item.
PREPOSITIONS
l Carl and Anne ........ fora house in the country.
quarrel with sb (about sth) remind sb of/about ® are looking B looking C look
(be) qualified for (be) respected for 2 The children .............. their neighbour's
(be) quick at (be) responsible for window while they were playing in the garden.
recover from (get) rid of
A were breaking B broken ©broke
3 Our new car is .............. than our old one.
James is highly respected for his honesty. @ faster B fast C fastest
She's only six, but she's very quick at 4 Rose’s computer broke down, .............. she
mathematical calculations. had to type the letter on a typewriter.
Donna quarelled with her best friend, and now A also B furthermore C) so
they aren't talking to each other. 5 You .............. use the lift. It is out of order.
Who is responsible for breaking the window? ® can’t B may C must
He took months to recover from his serious illness.
Polly knew she wasn't qualified for the (ob, but 6 If you .............. every day, you will win the
she applied anyway. piano competition.
Why are we keeping these old newspapers? Let's A will practise B are practising ©practise
get rid of them all. 7 We .............. them to meet us outside the train
Don't forget to remind me about that matter later station.
on. A tell .told C said
8 He is very patient. He is kind, ...............
Fill in each gap with the correct phrase from A contrary B in addition © too
the table, as in the example. 9 Ed and l have been partners ............. twenty
years.
PREPOSITIONAL PHRASES ® for B since C already
TO My brother is the boy ........... climbing the tree.
out of breath out of the question
A which B whose ©who's
out of fashion out of stock
out of hand out of work
out of order 1 5 Fill in each gap with one correct Word.

1 A nurse is a person who takes care of sick

This party has got completely out of hand; I'm
people.
going to call the police.
2 He was cleaning the attic when the fire broke
Lending you money is out of the question,
out.
because I haven’t got enough for myself.
3 After he had posted the letter, he went for a
After being out of work for a year, Ian's finally
coffee.
got a job.
4 They forgot to take their passports with them.
Phil always arrives home out of breath, because
5 I'm hungry. I'll make some toast.
he likes to run all the way.
6 We haven't got much/any dog food left.
The lift is out of order, so we'll have to walk up
7 She is a lovely baby, isn't she?
the stairs.
8 This dip is fantastic when served with raw
I know these shoes are out of fashion now, but
vegetables.
they're very comfortable.
9 My eyes hurt. I have been reading these reports
I want to buy a new TV, but the model I want is
all morning.
out of stock at the moment.
To Let’s watch a video, shall we?

117
 Reported. QUestiéflS
We can use reported speech to report questions just as we can with statements. To report questions,
we use verbs: such as ask, wonder, enquire/inquire, want to know, etc. Affirmative word order is
used and the question mark is left out.
0 ”the: question begins withwa wh-word (Who, What,How, etc), we use the wh-word to introduce
the reported question.
Direct question; He said, ”How- old is john?”
Reported question: He askedme how old john was.
Of
lt’thequeslion begins with an auxiliary verb, such as do, has, can, etc (Le. questions which have a
yes/iiQidnswerl, we use if/whether to introduce the reported question.
Direct question: He said, ”Did you go swimming this morning?”
Reported question: He asked her if she had gone swimming that morning.
TenSes:,tim‘e and place expressions, pronouns, possessive adjectives, etc all change in the same
way as they do in reported statements.

The Imperative
We use the imperative to give arders/ instructions, make suggestions, etc. We form the imperative
with the bare infinitive of the verb without (a subject; the negative imperative is formed with don't +
bare infinitiVe.
Orders: Come hereli Don't tough thatl.
Instructions: Chop the onions and fry them in“ hot oil.
Suggestions: Let's go to the party.
Warnings: Look out! Be caretull
Invitations: C o m e to the cinema with us tomorrow.
Requests: Open the window, please.

Reported commands, suggestions and requests

‘ To report commands, suggestions or requests, we use a: reporting verb such as ask, tell, suggest, etc.
l Tom said, ”I want you to keep quiet.” "" Tom asked us to keep quiet.
, ”Sit down, ”he said. —> He told us to sit down.
1 ”Can you come back later?” / asked. "" / asked them to come back later.
”We shouldbuy him a birthday present,” saidjoanna. —' Joanna suggestedbuyinghima birthdaypresent.

Exclamations

Exclamations are words or sentences used to express admiration, surprise, etc. To form exclamations
we can use what [a/an), how, such (a/anl and negative questions.
0 what + adiective + uncountable/plural noun.
What awful weather! What nice shoes!

‘__,
\_
118
 0 what 4- a/ an + adiectiVe + singular countable noun
What a nice girl!
0 how + adiective/adverb
How tall he is! How fast he drives!
0 such + a / an + adjective + noun
He’s such a bad tempered boy!
0 negative questions
Isn’t he well behaved!

Mrs Hall is the headmistress of NorthWood 2 Are meals included in the price?
Secondary School in Sussex, England. She is He asked if meals were included in the price.
interviewing Kevin Peterson for the job of PE 3 Can I bring my dog?
teacher. Report her questions. He asked if he could bring his dog.
4 Will I be able to get vegetarian meals?
1 Do you live in the area?
He asked if he would be able to get vegetarian meals.
I She asked him if he lived in the area.
5 Do I have to bring my own sports equipment?
1 2 How long have you been teaching PE?
He asked if he had to bring his own sports equipment.
i She asked him how long he'd been teaching PE.
6 Will there be instructors to help with each sport?
‘ 3 Have you taught in a secondary school before?
He asked if there would be instructors to help
She asked him if he had taught in a secondary
with each sport.
school before.
4 Why did you leave your last iob? b) You are interested in buying a car but
She asked him why he (had) left his last job. you need some more information. Ask the
‘ 5 Would you be willing to work some evenings salesman about the make/age/colour/price/
and weekends? condition of the car, as in the example, and
She asked him if he would be willing to work ask if you can go and see it at the weekend.
some evenings and weekends.
l 6 Do you have any first aid training? What is the make of the car? (See p. 175)
‘ She asked him if he had any first aid training.
c) Now change your questions into reported
‘2 a) Sally works for Sensational Sports Holidays. questions.
Read the questions a customer asked her, then
turn them into reported questions. I asked him what the make of the car was.
(See p. 175)

0 The Imperative
3 Use the prompts to make sentences in the
imperative, as in the examples.
ll some surfing. sailing, climbing, horse
l tiding-and much much ritoiét 0 wash/hands 0 eat/quickly 0 tidy/room
cnmfanabie' room's 0 drink/milk 0 do/homework
0 listen/teacher 0 go/bed 0 touch/wire
0 play/matches 0 turn off/CD player
' speak/fast 0 drive/carefully

Wash your hands.

1 Can 1 pay by credit card? Don't eat so quick/>4
(3ee p. i 75)
He asked if he could pay by credit card.
119
 g e“ "a”.
\
it ‘3» Turn the following sentences into direct
sP°°C=h-
(See p. 175,
4 Angela is going to visit her sister Lynn, who
is living in New York. Read Angela’s letter He asked my why I wanted to be a teacher.
and underline the questions, then turn them The teacher told me to stop talking.
into reported questions, as in the example. George said that Manchester United was the
best football team in the world.
My boss asked me why I was late for work.

GUI-h
Dear Lynn.
Helen told me she was going to ioin a gym.
ving on
i can’t wait to see you. l’m arri The policeman asked me if I had a driver's
be able to
Friday 17th a t 6:0 0 am. Will you hcence.
meet me a t the airport? 7 My mother told me to stop shouting.
more
Now i want to ask you a few 8 Jill asked me if she could borrow my dictionary.
in New .
questions. What’s the weather like
hes with
York? Do i need to bring warm clot Fill in what (a/an) or how.
much ;
me? it rains here all the time. How
We got my
31—0333, will i need to exchange? How clever he is!
e cash.
credit card, but i think l'll need som What a tasty dish this is!
me. Will it .
l'm also taking my mobile with How beautiful Ann is!
the first
work over there? sorry, but it’ll be What nice weather!
a little bit i
time We been abroad and l feel What exciting news!
l
a t a loss .
g you
Well, that’s all. is there anfihin 8 Look at the pictures and make as many
;
need from England? Let me know. exclamations as possible, as in the example.

Love and kisses.

Angela
.,
I R 5 . Mum and Dad send their love

Ange/a asked Lynn if she would be able to meet

her at the airport. (See p. 175) {How tired she looks/
Isn’t she exhausted!
0 Reported commands .55“t exfibustea’l

5 a) Mrs Phillips is going aWay for a week on

a business trip. Read the list of instructions (See p. l75)
she gave her husband, and turn them into 0 Prepositions
reported speech, as in the example.
Fill in each gap with one of the phrases from
. 5 the list below, as in the example.
pick up the dry cleaning V (See p 17 l
cut the grass X
buy your mum a birthday present V scared of - be frightened of sb/sth
change your dentist's appointment V search for - look carefully for sb/sth
do the ironing X shelter from - hide or protect sb from sth
pay the electricity bill I/ shocked by - be Upset or offended by sb/sth
let the dog sit on the sofa X sick of - annoyed by/ tired of sth
cancel the milk X succeed in - manage to do sth
.”

suffer from - be badly affected by sth

She told him to pick up the dry cleaning. sympathise with - understand how 5b feels
b) Imagine you are going OWay for a Week. l I spent all morning searching for my keys.
Make your own list of instructions for your 2 Before we went on holiday she asked me if l
friend, then turn them into reported speech.
(See p. l 7 5) was scared of flying.
120
 6H“
0“

3"" ‘t
3 During the shower we had to stand under a tree
to shelter from the rain.
W ‘5»
6 Please could you turn ........... the music — I
can’t hear it.
4 He succeeded in improving sales, so he was A on B down (I) up
made Sales Manager. 7 Take some cash ........... you need it.
5 He had to give up weightlifting when he began
A so that in case C whether
to suffer from terrible backache.
b | sympathise with George's problem. 8 ........... he was tired, he stayed up late.
7 I can’t wait for the school holidays because I’m ® Although B Despite C Even
sick of getting up early every morning. 9 Please don’t forget ........... the book to Andrea;
8 They were shocked by his cruel behaviour she needs it today.
towards the stray dog. A giving ® to give C to giving
1 0 You ........... be Mrs Johnson; I recognise you
1 0 Fill in each gap with one of the prepositional from your photograph.
phrases. A can B may (I) must

0 on Earth 0 on holiday 0 on the left i l The train had left ......... we reached the station.
0 on edge 0 on the phone 0 on time A while B until ©before
0 on a diet T2 | ........... Julia that I would help her if I could.
A said B asked © told
T We are going on holiday to Spain this year.
13 Maths ........... his favourite subject.
2 I need to lose some weight. I will have to go on ® is B are C am
a diet.
3 The blue whale is the largest creature on Earth. 14 She asked ...... I would finish work at 5 o'clock.
4 When l went into her office she was on the phone. A when whether C which
5 l must get up early tomorrow to make sure I am
on time for the meeting. 1 2 Fill in each gap with one correct Word.
6 Turn right off the main road, and the café is the
He always goes on holiday in August.
_|

third building on the left.

7 Richard is really stressed and nervous about the 2 By the time we got to the port, the ferry had
exam. He has been on edge all week. already left.
3 Since I bought my car, I've visited many new
places.
0 Revision Section (Units 1—9) 4 Although she tried, she couldn't do the exercise.
5 if you work hard, you will definitely pass the
1 1 Circle the correct item. exams.
o The bank was closed, and as a result I couldn't
1 Mark is the man ........... going to buy my car.
get any money.
A who B whose © who’s
7 I’m going to carry on working for a bit longer
2 He’s got ........... good memory he never keeps but I will come and meet you later.
notes. 8 The house was built more than one hundred
® such a B so C such years ago.
3 I wouldn’t bring ........... that subject with her if I 9 My car is being repaired at the moment.
were you. 10 The stew was made with meat and potatoes.
A about 6) up C round l l I’ll give you my phone number in case you
need to call me.
4 African elephants are the ........... land mammals 12 She has gone to the supermarket to buy some
on Earth. cheese.
A big B bigger © biggest 13 | asked him if/whether he would be able to
5 Tom had been trying to work all morning, but he come.
kept ........... interrupted. 14 He had the best qualifications, but he didn't get
® being B to be C been the iob.
121
 Co‘n'rd-IIIpn-als.
Conditionals Type. 2
Form Use
5I We use conditional type 2:
lF-clauSé main clause 0 to talk about an imaginary situation contrary
lF+ post simple -r would/could/might to facts in the present
+ bare Infinitive /II had a lot of money, / would buy a sailing
‘li‘ ,1")?n house by thebeach, lould ‘99? boat. (I don't have a lot of money)
ddy.
swimming-every 0 to give advice.
If I were you, I would ask for help.

Note: Wecan use were, instead of was for l/he/she/it in the ificlause of Type 2 conditionals.
III hetwas/ were sleepy,he "Way/d'goto beo’.

Conditionuls Type 3
Form Use:
. We use conditional type 33:
0'
if‘cl‘ause main clause to talk about an Imagrnary Situation contrary
II + pastxperfect‘ -b olcl/could/might'hioxir'e. to Facts in the pasL
+ past participle' If yOu had told him the faith; he Would have
forgiven you (You , d i d n i tell him the truth1
llhe had called us; we would haVe methim at
flierstation. 0 toexpress regrets or criticism.
If We had Woken up on time, We Wouldn't
have missed our flight.
Note: lf the conditional clause precedes the main clgusiefilte MID clauses areisepatgtgdwith I;
c o m m i t the» QQndiFi‘onal clause follows the main clause we do not use a comma to separate the
Maiclauses.
II / were you,,7/ would go for a WqII<
BUT: I would go for a walk I'Il were you.

I Wishes
I We use the verb wish and the expression if only to express a wish.If only is more emphatic than I wish.
0 We use wish/if only + past simple when we want to say that we would like something to be
different in the present.
lwish/lf only I had a pet. (I don’t have one.)
0 We use wish/if only + past perfect to express regret that something happened or did not happen
in the past.
I Wish / hadn’t spoken so rude/y. (I did speak rudely.)
If only/had sent her a card. (‘I didn’t send her a card.)

Note: We can use Were instead of was after wish or if only.

/ wish he was/Were less nervous.

,,
122 x
 . 0“» GR)4%,
ott-
s

“Wt“
So - Neither/ Nor
We use:
0 302+ auxiliary verb + personal pronoun/noun to show that we agree with a positive statement.
A: ‘We’re redecorating‘ our "sitting-room.
B?” ‘50 are we.
A: Paulhad a great time at the party.
B: So did John.
0 neither/nor + auxiliary verb + personal pronoun/noun to show that wéagree with a negative
statement.
A : I don’t like rock music.
'8: Neither/Nor do I.
A: [aura hasn’t got a car.
B: Neither/Nor has Mary.

Both/Neither - All/ None

0 Both refers to two people, things or groups. It“ has a positive.» meaning and 'i's-ibilcwed by. a
plural verb.
Both lions and elephants are wild animals.
Both of them are wild animals.
5 Both and is followed by a plural verb.
Mary is a dentist. jane is a dentist.
Both Mary andjane are dentists.
0 Neither refers to two people, things or groups and has a negative meaning. Neither 'of:?+ plural
noun phrase can be followed by either a singular-or plural verb in’ the affirmative.
Neither of them is/are from Australia.
Neither of the girls is/ are b/ono’e.
BUT: Neither student is attending geology courses.
0 Neither nor takes either a singular or plural verb, depending on the asubiect which follbws‘
nor.
Neither Philip nor Billlikes watching TV.
Neither my sisters nor his sisters live in the US.
0 All refers to more than two people, things or groups. it has a positive meaning and is followed
by a plural verb.
All the members of staff are working.
All of them are japanese.
° None refers to more than two people, things or groups. it has a negative meaning and is
followed by either a singular or plural verb in the affirmative.
None of these records is/are worth buying.
None of them has/have got CD players.
 w i

6' "in
0 Conditionals Type 2 and Type 3 Read the speech bubbles, then make Type 2
conditional sentences, as in the example.
Look at the pictures and use the prompts to
complete the sentences, as in the example. I’m tired
You can add your own ideas. because I work
l , If I didn’t work long
long hours. ' hours, I wouldn’t be tired;

' never lock the «in If I locked the car, my»

so my father gets 5 lather wouldn't get angry-'3
angry with me. with me. '

4"q

'. I .

If I had a car, I wouldn’t.

car, 50 I walk walk to work.
to work.

,4 3“
k
. _ l'm not a careful . I_.
. lf l were a careful driver,
driver, so I often -
. ' wouldn’t have accidents,
have accrdents.
so often.

f;
if I didn’t like making new“
’ friends, I wouldn't go toil
‘ parties so often. l

take/soiling lessons». 3 Join the sentences, as in the example.

miss/bus ‘

What would happen/What would you do if you l If he had taken a I would have gone
i wanted to get fit? map with him, on a weekend trip.
If I wanted to get fit, I wouldgo cycling every day. 2 If Fleming hadn’t B he wouldn’t have
2 won the lottery? discovered bought a new car.
If I won the lottery, I would travel to an exotic island. penicillin, C he wouldn’t have
3 had a big garden? 3 If she had to got lost.
If I had a big garden, I would grow my own she was coming, D he wouldn’t have
vegetables. 4 If he hadn’t foun been so rude.
4 went to university? better paid [0b, E lots of people would
if I went to university, I would get a degree. 5 If I had finishe have died.
5 woke up late? painting my ouse, F we would have met
If I woke up late, I would miss the bus. 6 If he had ’ lost his her at the airport.
6 had a sailing boat? temper,
124 If I had a sailing boat, I would take sailing lessons.
 Put the verbs in brackets into the correct 0 Wishes
4.
tense.
6 Use the prompts to make sentences, as in the
A: Hello, Miss Green. I'm Tom’s mother. How's example.
he doing with his homework?
B: Not very well, I’m afraid. If I were (be) I wish I had the money r6~.\
you, I would offer (offer) to help him. buy this sofa. If I had the y
A: Was Ann punished by her teacher? money to buy this sofa,
B: Yes, she was. If she hadnt' behaved (not behave) our living room would
so rudely, she wouldn’t have been (not be) .Jy look prettie
punished.
have/money/buy/sofa
A: Where would you choose (you/choose) to go
I —> our living room/Iook/prettier
if you had (have) some time off?
B: Well, probably to some exotic country, I
suppose.
A: Could you please do me a favour?
B: If I had (have) the time, I would do (do) I Wish I were very rich. \
anything for you, but right now I'm terribly If I were very rich, I
busy. could/would buy an
A: Did you pass your Maths test, then? expensive car.
B: No, I didn't. If I had studied (study) harder I
wouldn't have failed (not fail), but
unfortunately I did. be/very ric
. (a buy/e xpens ive car
A: Have you told Martha what happened? I wish I were good at
B: No, not really. If I (had) told (tell) her the arithmetic. If I were
truth, she would have been/be (be) furious. good at arithmetic, I
A: Why didn’t Carol come to the party? 7 would/could solve this
B: Well, she would have come (come) if you probIem.
had invited (invite) her.
be/good at/arithmetic
-> solve this problem
Complete the sentences with Type 2 and
Type 3 conditionals, as in the example.

If I were a millionaire, I would build a home for

orphaned children.
If he hadn't been driving so fast, he wouldn't
O.
. r~ and?

I wish I had a week off.

have had an accident. If I had a week off,|
If I had a sports car, I would drive everywhere. could/would go to Paris.
If they had worked harder, they would have
passed their test.
If I were famous, I would do a lot for charity. have/weeko
If we hadn't cheated during the exam, we —> go to Paris _>
wouldn't have been punished. | wish I didn't
If we had a summer house, we could have parties - have a headache.
for our friends. ‘ If I didn’t have a headache,
If she had more spare time, she would take up a I could finish this work and
hobby. go home.
not have/headache I I
to finish/work/go/home

125
 |3‘!

Look at the pictures and the speech bubbles. C You bought a very expensive leather iacket and
\l

Use y o u r own ideas to make sentences, as in now have no money to pay the rent.
the example. D You’re not very happy with your present job and
would like to find a better one.

I wish I had a dog to keep me company.

If only / had a dog to keep me company, I
wou/dn I feel lonely. (See p. 1 7 5 )
hadn’t woken up late, ‘1 aeuld
Read the story below and make Type 3
have finished this work by now. ‘
conditional sentences, as in the example.
| forgot my It was a beautiful summer morning. Jim woke up
swimming trunks. earlier than usual so he decided to walk to school
instead of taking the bus. On his way to school he
wish I hadn’t forgofien my. :s._"!:_. : found a purse in the road. He took the purse to the
trunks. If I hadn’t forgotten my swarm: police station. The police were able to find the name
trunks, I could go swimming. and phone number of the owner. The owner offered
Jim a generous reward for his good deed.
9%
We didn't check the car
battery. ‘ 57: If Jim hadn’t woken up earlier than usual, he
wouldn’t have decided to walk to school.
52: If Jim hadn’t decided to walk to school,
(See p. 175)

0 So, Neither/Nor, Both/Neither,

I didn't pay attention
All/None
during the lesson.
10 C h o o s e the correct ansWer.

l A: We went to the opera last night.

B: a Nor did we.
@ So did we.
2 A: He doesn’t like spicy food.
B: a So do |.
@ Neither do I.
CO

A: lcan’t go to the party tonight.

B:@ Nor can I.
b So can I.
4 A: l was late for work this morning.
to/could pl "inn B: a Neither was I.
© 50 was I.
5 A: My mum will cook something for the picnic.
Make sentences about the situations (A-C), B:@ So will mine.
using / wish/If only, as in the example. b Nor will mine.
A: They haven't got a CD player.
0

A You feel lonely and you’d very much like to have B: @ Neither have we.
a pet to keep you company. b 50 have we.
B You forgot to call your best friend on their
birthday and feel terrible about it.

126
 (e ONGR4 .45;;
7*»
‘I '| Underline the correct Word or phrase.
°W$0!

6 We ............. have failed our exams if we had

studied harder.
1 Martha has got two dogs. Neither of/Neither ® wouldn't B shouldn’t C couldn’t
them are poodles. 7 i wish I ............. wasted my time doing nothing
2 The exhibition was brilliant. None/A_ll of the all day long.
paintings were very original. A haven’t B didn’t ©hadn’t
3 BQLh/All Tim and Sally play the piano.
4 I’ve read six of his books. A_ll/Neither of them 8 Is this the man ............. the manager of the
were excellent. catering compan ?
5 "I don't like eggs.” A who who’s C whose
"Neither/So do I.” 9 Visitors to the museum ............. touch any of
6 Neither Tom both/M Mark speak French. the exhibits.
A don’t have to B needn’t © mustn't
10 Will you please remember ............. the gas
1 2 Use the prompts, with a/// none, neither/nor,
heater before you leave?
both and , to make as many sentences
® to turn off B turning off C turn off
as possible about the people in the pictures,
as in the example. 1 T This castle ............. over 200 years ago.
A is built ® was built C built
0 be in kitchen 0 make salad 0 be blondle) 12 Is the Pacific the ............. ocean in the world?
0 wear chef's hat 0 smile 0 set the table A deeper ® deepest C deep
0 eat at a restaurant
13 Why did you have to go to the supermarket?
Because I ............. run out of coffee.
A have B did CC) had
l 4 I guess ........... have to wait until further notice.
® we'll B we're C we'd

1 4 Fill in each gap with one correct Word.

Sally
Have you ever felt embarrassed?
All of them are in their kitchens. (See p. 176) 2 We had lunch at a Chinese restaurant last week.
3 "So how long have you been studying
0 Revision Section (Units l—lO) medicine?” ”Two years."
4 I’ve been mowing the lawn since 9 o'clock.
1 3 Circle the correct item.
5 We got stuck in traffic on the way to the airport,
1 When ............. you last have the flu? so we missed our flight.
A have B were © did 6 Angela is friendly when she gets to know you,
but she's rather shy with strangers.
2 He was upset ............. he had missed the bus.
6) because B so C when 7 Be careful! You may cut yourself with that knife.
3 He can't walk because he ............. his leg. 8 If only it was as easy as it sounds to be
A broke ® has broken C had broken organised!
4 I think you should stop arguing and get 9 Although it was raining, they went out.
............. with your work. To This chicken dish is delicious when served with
A away ® on C over rice.

5 It's a bit hot in here. I ......... the air-conditioner.

A am turning on B am going to turn on
C) will turn on
127
 Irregular Verbs
Infinitive Post Post Participle Infinitive Past Past Participle

be was been lie lay lain

bear bore born(e) light lit lit
beat beat beaten lose lost lost
become became become make made made
begin began begun mean meant mea nt
bite bit bitten meet met met
blow blew blown PGY paid paid
break broke broken put put put
bring brought brought read read read
build built built ride rode ridden
burn burnt (burned) burnt (burned) ring rang rung
burst burst burst rise rose risen
buy bought bought run ran run
can could (been able to) say said said
catch caught caught see saw seen
choose chose chosen seek sought sought
come came come sell sold sold
cast cost cost send sent sent
out cut cut set set set
deal dealt dealt sew sewed sewn (sewed)
dig dug dug shake shook shaken
do did done shine shone shone
dream dreamt (dreamed) dreamt (dreamed) shoot shot shot
drink drank drunk show showed shown
d rive drove driven shut shut shut
eat ate eaten sing sang sung
fall fell fallen sit sat sat
feed fed fed sleep slept slept
feel felt felt smell smelt (smelled) smelt (smelled)
fight fought fought speak spoke spoken
find found found spell spelt (spelled) spelt (spelled)
flee fled fled spend spent spent
HY flew flown split split split
forbid forbade forbidden spread spread spread
forget forgot forgotten spnng sprang sprung
forgive forgave forgiven stand stood stood
freeze froze frozen steal stole stolen
get got got stick stuck stuck
give gave given sting stung stung
go went gone stink stank stunk
grow grew grown strike struck struck
hang hung (hanged) hung (hanged) swear swore sworn
have had had sweep swept swept
hear heard heard swim swam swum
hide hid hidden take took taken
hit hit hit teach taught taught
hold held held tear tore torn
hurt hurt hurt tell told told
keep kept kept think thought thought
know knew known throw threw thrown
lay laid laid understood
understand understood
lead led led wake woke woken
learn learnt (learned) learnt (learned) wear wore worn
leave left left win won won
lend lent lent write wrote written
let let let

128
Progress Tests
 Progress Test 1 (Unit1)

NAME:...................................................................................... DATE: ........................................

ClASS ...................................................................................... MARK: ..................... / 1 0 0

‘1

(Time: 2 0 minutes)

l Vocabulary & Grammar 3 She was very pleased when she got a job .......
the airline as an attendant.
1 Fill in the missing words. Write one word only A for B to (Q with
in each gap. (Suggested answers)
4 Turn off the television at ............ and go to bed!
l That's the boy who won first prize in the A times B least © once
competition.
5 Polly ........... the flat every Saturday.
2 Sally is/was travelling abroad this summer.
(A) cleans B is cleaning C cleaning
Ca.)

You can get a driving licence when you are

seventeen. 6 He ........... touches dogs because he’s afraid
Police dogs use their sense of smell to track of them.
J:

down criminals. A sometimes B often © never

Can you tell me whose bag that is over there?
7 Be quiet! I can't ........... the news very well.
1have a iob interview tomorrow at 10 am.
A listen .hear C watch
Please make the bed before you go out.
Who is looking after your cat while you’re 8 She has ten years' ........... in this position.
away? A assignment B benefit ©experience
9 Policemen are usually on patrol for ten hours.
9 He’s a ........... and spends all day in court.
10 Do Andy and John work as accountants?
A glazier B politician © judge
11 Peter is a fully qualified swimming instructor.
12 I'd like to apply for the iob as assistant leader. 10 This job ........... technical skills.
13 You can find the meaning by looking the word A needs requires C wants
up in a dictionary.
14 Police dogs usually work under cover of Marks: )
darkness. <10x22O
15 He always works the night shift, and finishes at Communication
3:30 am.
16 We go out at least twice a week. 3 Complete the dialogues. (Suggested answers)
17 That's the house where I lived when l was
young. 1 A: Right, then, Mr Simpson - why do you want
18 Jill works hard but doesn't earn a lot of money. to work for us?
19 I don’t now how he manages to watch television Because it’s a small, friendly company.
and study at the same time.
W>P°>PP

: | see. Have you ever worked in an office?

20 Have you got a university degree, Mr Smith? I have six years’ experience as a secretary.
: When can you start?
Any time after 16th June.
Marks: >
l2ox360
:l'd like to register with this employment
>
i\)

2 Circle the correct item. agency.

B: Certainly. Could I have your name, please?
1 I love skiing,........... l rarely do it. A: It's Peter Blakely.
@even though B furthermore C despite B: What kind of work can/do you do?
2 They are looking forward ........... going on A: Mostly sales.
holiday.
l 5Marks:
x4 >
A for B in ©to 20
131
 Progress Test 2 (Unit 2)

NAME:...................................................................................... DATE: ........................................

CLASS: ...................................................................................... MARK: ..................... / ! 0 0

(Time: 20 minutes)

Vocabulary & Grammar 3 One of the trains was ........... in the accident.
A collapsed B destroyed © derailed
l Fill in the missing words. Write one Word only 4 Carry a mobile phone in ...... of an emergency.
m “ C h gap. (Suggested answers) A order B event © case
! I bought these trousers two days ago. 5 They gave us a ........... welcome.
2 Can I borrow $25 from you? ® warm B board C great
3 He slammed on hrs brakes when he saw the boy 6 She broke ...... when she saw the dead animal.
on the road. A d C 'n
4 My car broke down yesterday on the motorway. up own I
5 Joe was riding his bike when the accident 7 They ........... in horror when they saw the huge
happened. tiger.
6 Where did you go on holiday this/last summer? ® froze B iced C melted
7 Mary COOked dinner while her husband 8 She will call me when she ........... home.
was sleeping. A will get B got © gets
8 How many people were on board?
9 He ........... of! the light and went to sleep.
9 He was waiting in the queue to pay for the
® switched B was switching C switches
groceries when the lights went out.
10 l was brought up in a cold country. 10 Is that sports car ........... ?
! l The cooker suddenly burst into flames. A your ® yours C you
12 Sam tell at! the ladder and broke his arm.
13 When she saw the robber, the cashier pressed Marks: )
the alarm button. <10x220
14 They tried to find their way in the dark. Communication
15 The earthquake destroyed the whole building.
lb That’s the hotel where we're staying. 3 Complete the dialogues. (Suggested answers)
17 They were about to go on stage when the rain
began to fall. 1 A: Hi, Doug. Sorry I’m late!
18 A burglar tried to break into the house while we B: What happened? I was really worried about
were away. you!
19 You can catch the bus from the stop over there. A: I missed the bus, so I had to walk.
20 She missed the train, so she was late for work.
2 A: | just saw a bus crash into a telephone pole.
Did you call an ambulance?
>57?

<Marks: : Yes — I called them on my mobile, then I ran

2Ox360 l to help.
2 Circle the correct item. Were there many people on the bus?
PP>FP>PP

: About torty people altogether.

1 The policeman took his name and address for
the ........... . How many were injured?
A list record C notice : About live, but nothing serious.
That was lucky!
2 Mary was talking to me when Mr Hall ...........
her into his office.
A calls B was calling © called
(lift: 20 >133
 Progress Test 3 [Unit at

NAME:...................................................................................... DATE: ........................................

CIASS:...................................................................................... MARK:..................... /100

(Time: 20 minutes)

Vocabulary & Grammar 3 We’re going on a package .......... this summer.

® holiday B cruise C trip
l F'll In :16 mlssmg words. Write one Word only 4 Victoria Falls is one of the ........... wonders of
In eac gap. (Suggested answers) the world.
i They’ve been driving since six o’clock ® natural B normal C phySlCOl
this morning. 5 The burglar got in ........... the window.
2 How does he get away with being so rude? A by @ through C from
3 I’m going to take a month off during , I _
summer. 6 I know you re wrong. You ve ........... a terrible
. take
4 Put the warning triangle on the road if mts '
(-3)
your car breaks down. A had made C done
5 They set up their tent in 0 field. 7 The heavy rain prevented us ........... going out.
6 David screamed in panic when he A to B for C) from
saw the snake. 8 l k d fl
OYBS U‘
7 He has been living on his own since he ACE” to e to get """"""
started work. Y away © over
the airport
8 I’ve been stuck at for 9 Can you name the ........... city of Italy?
three hours! ® capital B main C motor
9 Check the departure time on the screens. _ _
.
10 Do I need to pay In advance?
10 It
A h
............ all
d
day!| wrsh it would
h b
stop.
, , C _ . _
l l Anchorage has an Arctic climate.It’s 05 ratne ® as een raining '5 raining
always very cold. .
12 Have you ever met a film star? (T8252 20 >
13 Be careful not to spill coffee on your shirt.
14 I hit my leg and it really hurts now. Communication
15 You’d better get on the waiting list
for another flight. 3 Complete the dialogues. (Suggested answers)
16 I've never been to Poland.I'd like to go
someday. 1 A: Room service. How can I help you?
T7 I don’t know how he gets by on so little money. B: I’d like to order a continental breakfast, please.
18 Please wait. Mr Smith will be with you shortly. 2 A: Excuse me. Can you tell me the way to the
19 No one’s turned up at the meeting.
library, please?
20 Sue has gone to Egypt and is coming back next
week. B: Of course. (30 along this road and turn left.
A: Have you ever met somebody famous?
Marks: > B: Yes, I have.
<20X300 4 A: What's the weather forecast for tomorrow?
B: It’ll be cold and wet.
2 Circle the correct item. A: Have you ever been to New York?
Only three people ........... up at the party. B: Yes. It's a great place.
A arrived B came © turned
Marks: )
2 I’m sorry.I ........... the essay yet. (5x4
® haven't finished B didn't finish
20
C don't finish
135
 Progress Test 4 lUnitti]

NAME:...................................................................................... DATE: ........................................

CLASS:...................................................................................... MARK:..................... /TOO

(Time: 2 0 minutes)

VocabUIOry & Grammar 3 You’ll never ......... what happened yesterday!

® guess B say C think
1 Fl” In :16 mlssmg words. Write one word only 4 Richie had already ............ the film, so he
In eac gap. (Suggested answers) didn't come to the cinema with us.
T Can you turn on the heater? It's cold in here! ® seen B seeing C 50W
l” CTTY
2 Plympton, COTS aren't allowed in the 5 Ann ............ her passport while on holiday.
centre. A missed lost C cancelled
3 Krakow is a city in the south of Poland. .
4 My town isntt as polluted as New York. 6 London IS much ............. than the town where
5 Please do nothing until I call you. l live. . . _.
6 I'm staying home in case my mother phones.‘ ® nonsier B naisy C ”OIS'eS!
7 Paul had a cold and hOd TO stay in bed. 7 This holiday resort has something to ............
8 They had been driving for about three every taste.
hours before they reached their destination. ® suit B match C fit
Their tent is much bigger than ours.
50

8 The shopping ............ has many trendy shops.

His luggage turned up three days
® centre B market C street
after he had arrived home.
TT We can give you a new mobile phone in 9 Can you please pick me ........ from the station?
exchange for the old one. A on ® up C at
T2 You can walk along narrow, cobbled streets T0 When I got home| ............ ! had forgotten my
in Alfamar. keys.
T3 It's far too windy to go to the beach today. A knew B understood © realised
T4 There are a lot of holiday resorts in Pomerania.
T5 Lucy is more intelligent than we first imagined.
She's brilliant! l iMarks:
ox22o )
T6 Pat stayed in a five-star hotel in Paris. Communication
T7 Can you please turn up the radio?
I can't hear what he’s saying. 3 Complete the dialogues. (Suggested answers)
T8 I'll take a map so that I don't get lost.
T9 New York is the most exciting city of all. T A: Brighton Hotel. Can I help you?
20 She is the worst singer in the choir. Nobody B: Yes, please.I'd like to book a room for 6th
else sings as badly as she does. April. .
A: Certainly, sir. Would you like a single or a
Marks: ) double?
l2ox3‘SO B: A double, please. How much does the room
cost?
It's 5265 a night, including breakfast.
P9P???

2 Circle the correct item.

tx)

Good morning. How can I help you?

T She had ............ left when I arrived. I'd like to report a stolen purse.
A never ® already C yet Anne! You're back! Did you have a good
2 The museum is the ............ attractive building time?
in the city. B: Yes, it was great. Portugal is so beautiful.
® most B more C much
(Marks:
5 x4
20 l
137
 Progress Test 5 (Unit 5)

NAME DATE:.........................

'CLAss: ...................................................................................... MARK: ..................... /100

(Time: 2 0 minutes)

Vocabulary & Grammar 4 ............ Harry doesn't have to work tomorrow,

he’ll come with us.
1 Fill in the missing words. Write one word only ® If B Unless C When
In “ C h gap. (Suggested answers) 5 I'll have the fish. No, ............ second thoughts
1 If you don't get up now, you will be llll have the lamb.
late for school. A in (9 on C for
2 Anna C 0 ! ” 601prawns. She 15 allergic 6 We need to buy a ............ of sugar.
to seafood. A carton B box © pocket
3 We can keep food in freezers for a long time. .
. . . 7 Everybody ............ notice of what he says.
4 He cut himself while he was shavrng. A akes B et ©t k
5 Are there any biscuits left in the iar? m g S 0 es
6 They are giving away 0 f r e e g l a s s w i t h two 8 He had ............ llllle money lie COUldnll bUy
901-
bottles of lemonade. anything to .
7 How would you like your steak cooked? A very B SUCl‘ © 50
8 ”lells have dinner together!" 9 Some boys were giving ............ leaflets
”Oh, that would be lovely!” outside the supermarket.
9 Unless the children behave themselves, they will @out B in C up
be punished.
10 When it rains, the roads ............ slippery.
10 I’d rather not have salmon mousse. It’s too
creamy for me ® are B have been C were
11 Are you ready to order, sir? (Marks: )
20
12 This restaurant offers a wide variety of desserts. 10 x 2
13 It was such a hot day that we stayed inside.
14 This tube of toothpaste is almost empty. Communication
Can you buy a new one, please? 3 Complete the dialogues. (Suggested answers)
15 She gave up eating fatty foods because she
wanted to lose weight. l A: Mm! Something smells good! What's
cooking, Ann?
16 You can use olive oil to fix squeaky doors.
17 She didn’t eat much because she was on a diet. B: Vegetable lasagne with cheese sauce.
18 Would you like some more cake? A: I think I’ll have vegetable soup for a starter.
19 He doesn't eat meat or fish. He's a vegetarian. B: That's a good idea.
20 The bags were so heavy that I couldn't carry A: What's that smell, Kate?
them by myself. B: On, no! The roast beef is burning! Turn the
cooker off!
(Marks: 60 > 4 A: Hellol I'd like to book a table for tomorrow
20 X 3 noon, please?
2 Circle the correct item. B: Of course. How many people is the booking
f ?
1 Let's have a look at the ........ before we order. _ or .
, 5 A. Excuse me, waiter.
® menu B card C list
OJ

: Yes, madam. What seems to be the problem?

2 There isn’t ..... bread left. Can you buy a loaf? A: There is a hair in my soup.
A a little ® much C some
3 Olive oil lowers the risk ............ heart disease. < Marks:
B for ©of 5x4 20)
A from
139
 Progress Test a (Unit or

NAME:...................................................................................... DATE: ........................................

ClASS:...................................................................................... MARK:..................... /iOO

(Time: 2 0 minutes)

Vocabulary & Grammar 2 He is wearing a ............... tie.

A flat striped C long
1 Fill in the missing words. Write one Word only _
. 3 We managed to get ............... of some tickets
"I each gap. (Suggested answers) in the end
i We didn't find tickets for the play.It was sold out. A advance B offer © hOld
2 I can’t help feeling sorry for the homeless. 4 i haven't seen John.He ............... be at the
3 If you don’t hurry up, we'll miss the plane. library.
4 l'm looking forward to my summer holiday. A can't must C can
5 The hotel is busy, so book a room in advance. .
6 You don’t have to wash the dishes. I ' “ do it later. 5 The film was so sad that l was ............... to
7 Apologising now won't make any difference? tears. .
8 You must have a passport to travel abroad. A impressed moved C excrted
liVa?”
9 "What does he do for 0
~ I,
6 M teacher made me ........... the essa a ain.
y y g
’l I -

Hes 0 musrcran. A to write B writing write

10 There's no answer. They must be sleeping. d I k _ f
1 ! He got back home just in time for dinner. 7 Stan ...... .lwantlto ta e agturltleo you.
12 Statues are usually made of marble. A convrncrng B rea 5!!
i 3 Mary's always chatting on the phone. It's so 8 Oh, no! i forgot ............... the phone bill.
annoying! A paying to pay C pay
14 You had better 05k for help. 9 Due to o ular " " " " " " " " the 're showin the
15 I couldn’t believe my eyes when I saw . p p ' y 9
Tom Cruise enter the shop film for an extra week.
To John has a part-time job for the summer to make A function demand C challenge
some extra money/cash. TO I remember ............... a magazine but now I don't
17 He hasn't got enough money to set up his own know where it is.
business. ® buying B to buy C buy
18 Her eyes are red. She must have been crying. M k.
5'
19 The Eiffel Tower is a famous tourist attraction. ( ar 20 )
20 y_has set back the construction of
Lack of mone - -
Communication i0 X2
the new shopping centre.
3 ComPlate the dialo9 ues. (Suggested OHSWGISl
(Marks: 60 ) i A: Hi, Steve! Do you fancy going out together?
20 X 3 B: I'd like to, but I’m working late tonight.
A: How about tomorrow evening, then?
2 Circle the correct item. B; Yes, that w o u l d be nice,
1 People who ride their bicycles on the pavement 2 A; And something to drink?
are a public ............... . B: A glass o f Coke, please.
® nuisance B attraction C performer 3 A: Can i use the phone?
B: Sorry — l’m using it.
4 A: How was the concert, Sally?
B: The music was great. i really enjoyed it.

l 5Marks: )
x 4 20
141
 Progress Test 7 (Unit 7)

NAME:...................................................................................... DATE ........................................

CLASS:...................................................................................... MARK: ..................... / 100

(Time: 20 minutes)

0C0 U ary rammar 2 The currY was made ............ meat, ve9 etables
and lots of spices.
1 Fill in the missing words. Write one word only A by B for C) with
In “Ch gap. (Suggested answers) 3 The project is carried out ............ cooperation
1 Exhaust fumes from cars and gases from with other zoos.
factories cause air pollution. A at in C on
2 The giant panda and blue whale are 4 Air quality is below recommended ............
endangered specres. d
. . to ay.
3 Aluminium
recycled.
cans and waste paper should be I l B C l
® eve 5 structures ro es
me
4 Will/Won’t/Can/Could you listen to for a 5 Someone has been ........... rubbish in the lake.
moment? A picking B pumping © dumping
5 I can't send e-mails Cl the moment because my 6 I don’t think animals should be kept ...............
computer is being repaired. captivity.
6 Aerosol sprays and other chemicals have A for in C from
caused a hole in the ozone layer.
7 We should improve animals' living ............ .
7 Romeo and ju/iet was written by Shakespeare.
A ecosystems conditions C domes
8 I heard their new song on the radio this
morning, it’s fantastic! 8 A new ............ of guidelines was published
9 The volcanic eruption destroyed most of the yesterday by the council.
town. ® set B pack C form
10 She didn't pay any attention to me _ she l“St 9 They are ............ a road near the village.
carried on with what she was doing. A doing building C making
11 The Car was being driven at 100 kmph
when it hit the tree.
10 The story about the earthquake was ............
the front page of the newspaper.
12 The
15. film isn't suitable for anYone Youn9 er than @on
B in C at
13 The new road will be finished by next summer. .
. _ Marks.
14 The tree was cut down wrth a chainsaw. 20
. 10 x 2
15 Can I carry this bag for you? . .
16 Has the newspaper been delivered yet? commumcaflon
17 If you don't do your homework, you will be in 3 Complete the dialogues. (Suggested answers
trouble With the teacher.
18 Add rain damages plants, trees and buildings. 1 A: I think I've caught something.
19 Do you think the government will carry out their B: What is it? Let me see.
promise to do more for the environment? 2 A; Have you seen today’s paper?
20 People should be encouraged to use public B: Not yet. Why?
transport. 3 A: Can you give me some advice?
l Marks: (’0 B: Sure. What’s the problem?
20X3 4 A: I want to buy a car but I can’t afford it.
2 Circle the correct item. B: Tile SOIUfiO” is do End 0 pfirt-dtime 40f;
. I - I t t

A'
1 Did you hear the news? Two robbers held T ats a 900 l ea. l
say/suggest,
O a as you
, _
............... the bank this morning. Marks
A on up C out < ' 20 )
5x4
" 143
 Progress Test 8 [Unit 3)

NAME:...................................................................................... DATE: ........................................

CLASS:...................................................................................... MARK:..................... / 100

(Time: 2 0 minutes)

Vocabulary & Grammar 2 Circle the correct item.

_. _ _ . 1 I need to make aln) ............ to see the doctor.
1 Fill In 1:16 missing words. Write one Word only A meeting appointment C interview
In eac a .
9 P (Suggested answers) 2 In the past, people ......... able to travel quickly
l Paul has broken his arm, so he’s wearing a cast. from place to place.
2 That book wasn’t very good, was it? A didn't ® weren't C couldn't
3 l warned youh not to do lhOl‘ You never pay 3 They visited the nature ............ yesterday.
attention to w Cl I say. ® reserve B centre C station
4 Jenny has made up her mind to go to the party.
5 James used to live in Paris, but now he lives in 4 John has 901aln) ------------ nose.
London. - A sprained runny C aching
b The country is suffering from a serious drought.It 5 Oxtam is aln) ,,,,,,,,,,,, organisation.
hasn't rained for two years. A reliet B expert © charitable
7 He said he had gone to bed late the night 6 Mum ............ us to come back early.
before. A spoke B said © told
8 The tire brigade put out the tire betore too much
damage was done. 7 You shouldn't run on slippery ............ .
9 Let’s go to the theatre, shall we? A locations B surgeries © surfaces
1“
10 l really admire Mark. He is O relief worker 8 He finished the reports yesterday,............ he?
Africa. A doesn't ® didn't C wouldn't
l l Mary COUld talk qurte clearly at the 09.9 Ol two. 9 She said that she would put ............ her new
12 He srgned a contract for two years wrth Parker ,
.
C0., starting dress tonight.
from today. ® B it C t
13 These organisations play a maior role in the on 0 CU
international relief effort. 10 He ............ to play tricks on his teachers at
14 Our school gave a large donation to charity. SChOOl.
15 Jerry wasn’t able to solve the problem by A use used C uses
himself. (Marks: >
16 Mrs Clarke is very dedicated to her work. 10 x 2 20
1 7 When I saw her last week she said she would , ,
be going on holiday the next day. Communication
18 We put off our trip to the beach because it was 3 Complete the dialogues. (Suggested answers)
raining.
.0?.3?

19 Alex and Kate have both been to France before, 1) Are you doing anything special tonight?
haven't they? No, not really. Why?
20 I think the film will appeal to people of all ages. A: 2) Would you like to go to the theatre?
B: I don't feel like it.
A: 3) What/How about going to the cinema, then?
( Marks:
B: OK. 4) What time shall we meet?
20x360 l
A: 8:00, it that’s OK with you.
B: Yes, 5) that's tine/okay.

Marks: )
<5x4 20
145
 Progress Test 9 (Unit or

NAME:...................................................................................... DATE: ........................................

CLASS:...................................................................................... MARK:..................... /100

(Time: 20 minutes)

Vocabulary & Grammar 2 You need (a) .............. to play golf.

A puck clubs C cue
lF'll'th " d. 'te
irl etch eg‘r'nplssmg wor s W" one word only 3 Mr Madison took .............. while Mrs Hanson
' (Suggested answers) was on holiday. -
1 Our school gym is fully equipped. You can take A off over C out
up any. sport you want. , , 4 John asked me .............. time I finished work.
2 Hawaii IS the Ideal place for a relaxrng holiday. A when B it © what
3 Look out! You're going to fall!
4 The teacher asked us if we had done our 5 Jogging helps George forget his .............. .
homework. A levels B sessions ©troubles
5 Sheila goes to the gym to keep fit.
6 Classes are ......................... every evening.
6 There are a lot of activities to choose from.
A kept ‘ B done ©held
7 Amy has been working as a secretary for ten
years. 7 Jane hasn’t got any friends, so she has no
8 Train regularly and you will soon notice the .............. life.
difference. ® social B team C individual
9 Our football fans was encouraging us during the 8 Which activity do you think .............. you
match.
best?
10 Isn’t it a beautiful little cottage!
A fits B matches ©suits
l I Do you take exams every year at your school?
12 What a tall building this is! 9 If you have .............. muscles, join the Relax
13 He’s the best skier ! know. I can’t compete with Zone.
him. @aching B painful C hurt
14 How slowly she works!
t o This soup is .............. tasty!
l 5 Susan is slim and very fit. She exercises every A such ® so C how
day.
t o It was such a tiring day! Marks: )
17 John needs help with the protect. He can’t do it (10x220
on his own. Communication
18 Jane is not keen on team sports.
3 Complete the dialogues. (Suggested answers)
l 9 They’re identical twins. You can’t notice any
difference between the two. I A: What time is the match?
20 He decided to take up tennis as a hobby. B: It starts at 3 pm.
A: What's your favourite subiect?
(Marks: B: Physics. I like it the most.
20x360 l A: Can I help you?
B: Yes — I'd like a ticket for Monday’s match.
2 Circle the correct item.
4 A: What do you have at 10 am on Tuesday?
1 Park Hotel is the ideal place .................... B: Geography.
family holidays. 5 A: What a pretty/lovely/nice/beautiful dress!
@for B to C in B: Yes, I like it. I think I'll buy it.

l 5Marks:
x4 )
20
147
l Progress Test TO [Unit i0)

NAME:...................................................................................... DATE: ........................................

ClASS:...................................................................................... MARK:..................... /100

(Time: 20 minutes)

Vocabulary & Grammar 2 Neither I ............. my sister enioyed the film.

A no B not © nor
1 Fill in the missing Words. Write one Word only ,
in each gap. (Suggested answers) 3 Mr Furrows death came as a ....... to everyone.
h k B h C ‘’
1 Both Sarah and Tina are learning German. ® 5 0C 5 ame vrsron
2 I Come ocross some old photos while I was 4 lfl ............. l 0 ll'ie pOl lGSl n i g h t , lwouldn't

cleaning out the attic. have met Frank.

3 If I met someone famous, I would ask for his A haven’t gone hadn’t gone C didn't go
autograph. 5 They succeeded beyond their ............ dreams.
4 Mother Theresa dedicated her life to helpin A ordinary ® wildest C personal
others. ~
5 "I can't believe he said that." 6 John Logie Baird ............. the television.
"Neither can I." A found B discovered © invented
6 I think there's something wrong with my CD 7 He dropped ............. school when he was 15.
player. ® out of B into C off
7 lf only we lived in a bigger house!
8 I am writing with regard to your advertisement in 8 ............. of the six injured people will ever
the newspaper. » forget that day.
9 "I had a good time at the party." A Neither B Nor © None
”30 did l.ll 9 When he came ............., he found himself in
10 Jim has always been very interested in space hospital.
exploration. A up. ® round C into
l l You have two choices — you can either go to
university or find a tab. 10 How do you think you will ............. in the future
12 Helen had a huge credit card bill. if you keep spending so much money?
l 3 Einstein spent most of his life doing scientific A ioin cope C take
research and experiments.
Marks: >
14 Meeting James proved to be a turning point in
his life. <10x22O
15 | wish I hadn’t missed the bus. Communication
16 I’m fed up with these exercises. Can't we do
something else? 3 Complete the dialogues. (Suggested answers)
T7 If I were you, I would take a computer course.
1 A: What's the matter, Steve?
18 Have you kept in touch with your friends from
high school? B: I've got a horrible headache.
l 9 If I had been late for the meeting, the boss A: What hours do you work?
would have fired me. B: 9 to 5, Monday to Friday.
20 Faye is extremely jealous of her friend. A: If only I had a car!
B: Why? What would you do?
Marks: > A: Where was it/the iob advertised?
lzoxséo
B: In Guardian Weekly dated15th August.
A: John hasn’t got much patience.
2 Circle the correct answer. B: He's more patient than Tony.
1 Astronauts n e e d t o h a v e . . . . . . . . . . . . . r e a c t i o n s .
(Marks:
A confident B faster © quick
5x4 20)
149
SUGGESTED ANSWERS
SECTION

d’c
TAPESCRIPTS
 Suggested Answers Section

She also listens to our problems because she is an

understanding person. She always thinks up
page 4 interesting new ways to teach us because she's very
creative. What is more, when you ask her a
l b) An inspector investigates crimes. question, she knows the answer because she’s
A manager runs an office. extremely knowledgeable.
A magician performs tricks.
A photographer takes pictures. Who do you eat lunch with?
A baker makes bread and cakes. When do you have a break?
A conductor conducts an orchestra. What do you do at the weekend?
A biologist carries out scientific research. How often do you go to the cinema?
A musician plays musical instruments. What qualities do you need to be a telephone
operator?
outdoors: inspector, photographer Where does your family live?
indoors: manager, baker How much money do you make? etc
both: inspector, magician, photographer,
conductor, biologist, musician to
well-paid: manager, photographer, conductor,
biologist iob qualities daily routines free-time activities
involves travelling: inspector, magician, creative have a shower stamp collecting
photographer, conductor, biologist, musician
polite do the housework bird watching
20) 0 A photographer has to be creative because
caring make the bed windsurfing
he/she has to take interesting photographs.
' An actress has to be entertaining because energetic watch a video water-skiing
the audience will get bored if she isn't. confident play golf sunbathing
0 A police officer has to be brave because
he/she has to protect the public from pageo
danger.
0 An accountant has to be accurate because 13 a) 0 | always walk to school but my sister seldom
he/she has to deal with numbers. does. My dad never walks to work.
0 A clown has to be energetic because he/she 0 My sister often takes the bus to school.
has to amuse the audience. My mum sometimes takes the train to work.
0 A scientist has to be observant because My brother often does, too.
he/she has to write reports on his/her
0 My mum always waters the plants. My dad
research. sometimes does, too.
0 A teacher has to be patient because he/she My mum always makes dinner.
helps students learn. My sister and I always watch TV but my
0 A dentist has to be confident because parents rarely do.
otherwise his/her patients won't trust him.
0 I usually listen to music, and my brother often
0 A secretary has to be accurate because does, too.
he/she shouldn’t make any mistakes. 0 My mum always does the shopping, but I
0 A shop assistant has to be polite because never do. My dad often does it, too.
he/she has to help customers.
0 My dad always plays football. My mum
0 A firefighter has to be brave because he/she sometimes plays tennis but my sister never does.
works in dangerous situations.
bi
I am doing my homework and my sister is
b I think I would like to be a clown. it would be nice
v

playing computer games. My brother is

to work with a live audience and I am energetic. watching a video and my parents are making
Clowns work part-time but are not very well-paid. dinner.
However, I am sure it is a satisfying job.
15 I seldom clean my room.
page 5 i always watch the news.
I sometimes travel.
Do you have any experience as a secretary?
I often play computer games.
What skills have you got? I never go to the theatre.
Are you fully qualified to use a computer? I rarely play golf.
Are you married? I sometimes go to the gym.
Would you be willing to work overtime? l often cook my own food.

152
 Suggested Answers Section

17 0 A library is a place where books are kept. 22 bl l The first paragraph.To tell Tracy about her
° A basket is something which you use to carry new iob.
things in. 2 Three paragraphs.
0 Glasses are small containers which you use to 2nd para: daily routine.
drink from. 3rd para: qualities needed.
0 A supermarket is a place where you can buy 4th para: feelings about job.
food and household items. 3 Present simple.
0 A bicycle is a vehicle which you use to travel
on. page 9
0 A lifeguard is a person who saves people from
drowning. 23 Opening remarks
0 A teacher is a person whose iob it is to teach. 0 The reason I’m writing is
0 I'm writing to tell you
page 7
Closing remarks
18 a) I think the article is about wild and unusual 0 I can’t wait to hear from you.
animals. ' Drop me a line and tell me all your news.
b) I have seen (some) chimps, (some) peacocks
and (some) deer. 24 A ski instructor starts work at ten o'clock in the
0 Last summer. morning. He/She has group lessons with
0 At the zoo. beginners. A ski instructor shows beginners how to
0 Yes, there are parks for wild animals in my ski on flat land.
country. In the afternoons, a ski instructor has private lessons
c) A: It is an insect. It is small and it has got eight with the more advanced skiers. He/ She shows them
legs. more complicated techniques.
Is it a tarantula? A ski instructor finishes work at about six o'clock in ‘
: Yes, that's right. the evening.
: It is a mammal and it is a herbivore. It is big
and it has got a very,very long neck. 25 2 You need to be responsible to make sure there are
B: ls it a giraffe? no accidents.
A: Yes, it is. 3 You need to be fit to spend all day skiing.

page 8 2o What I like most is/The best thing is the looks on their
faces when they ski down the slope for the first time.
2 0 b) A: Well, Mr Kent, why do you want to work for Unfortunately, I hate/can’t stand people who think they
us? know everything.
B: Because the Greenfield Daily is a small
newspaper which has a good reputation. 27 Dear Terry,
A: i see. Are you married or single? I'm writing to tell you that I've got a job as a ski
B: I’m married. instructor at a ski resort. As you can imagine, I’m
A: And what experience do you have working really excited about it.
for a newspaper? 1 get up at 8 o'clock because I have to be at
B: Well, I have two years' experience as a work by 10. In the mornings, I have group lessons
gossip columnist. with beginners. I show them how to ski on flat land.
A: When would you be able to start work? I prefer the afternoons, though, because l have
B: Anytime after lst September. private lessons with more advanced skiers. I show
A: Good. Do you have any questions? them more complicated techniques. I usually finish
B: Yes.Could you tell me what qualities are at 6 o'clock in the evening.
required? I have to be responsible to make sure that there
A: Of course. You have to be creative, are no accidents. i also need to be patient when
knowledgeable and energetic. I'm teaching people a new skill.Of course, I have
B: And could you tell me how much I would be to be fit to spend all day skiing.
earning? I really enjoy teaching people how to ski.What
A: $31,300 a month. I like most is the looks on their faces when they ski
B: What are the working hours like? down the slope for the first time. Unfortunately, I
A: 8 o'clock in the morning until 4. can’t stand people who think they know everything.
B: Okay.Would I need to work overtime? I hope you can visit me soon. Drop me a line
A: No. and tell me all your news.Write soon!
B: That sounds fine.Thank you. Love,
Mary
153
Suggested Answers Section

A: What was Mike's grandfather doing at 6

o’clock?

P?
page 10 He was raking the leaves.

l bl 0 Last night at 12 o’clock, the road collapsed

>
: Did John arrange the business lunch with Mr
when an earthquake struck. Adams?
O Many people were left homeless after a Yes, he did.
hurricane hit the Pacific coast on Wednesday. : Did John type (the) letters?
A terrifying plane crash was caused when No, he didn’t.
the pilot lost control. : Did John cancel the 2 pm meeting?
Damaged rail tracks resulted in a terrible No, he didn't.
train crash late Tuesday night. : Did John book the tickets to Warsaw?
Careless smoking caused a disastrous fire in Yes, he did.
an apartment building on Sunday afternoon. : Did John pick up the clothes from the dry
cleaners?
: Have your ever felt shocked? B: No, he didn’t.
Yes, I have.
: When? ll : Where was he riding his bicycle?

PP>FPPPP>PP>FP>
When my car was stolen. Along West Terrace.
: Have you ever felt proud? : What happened?
A car hit him.
Yes, l have.
: What did the driver say?
‘ When?
He said that he didn’t see him.
When I rescued a child from drowning.
Why?
: Have your ever felt embarrassed? Because of thick fog.
Yes, I have. : What happened to the boy?
When? Fortunately, he escaped serious iniury.
When I fell asleep during a lesson.
.9.
to

It’s a delicious round green apple.

—I

Have your ever felt awful?

O

It’s a casual blue cotton shirt.

Yes, 1 have.
It's a beautiful red rose.
' When?
It's a black leather shoe.
When I broke my best friend’s camera.
It's a large brown wooden barrel.
Have your ever felt frightened?
Yes, I have. page T 3
When?
When the lights went out during a storm. 14 c) Chris and Lizzie met Sisa and they all went on
: Have your ever felt exhausted? a canoe ride. They were having a wonderful
Yes, I have.
time looking at all the exotic plants and animals
' When?
when suddenly they were surrounded by
When I travelled all night on a boat. crocodiles.The crocodiles started attacking the
boat. Chris, Lizzie and Sisa tried to keep them
away. Just then, the captain of a fishing boat
page l l
came to their rescue. Finally, they were all safe
5 c) 0 He laughed with relief when he heard the
on the fishing boat.
good news.
O I froze in horror when l realised the man was page 14
holding a knife.
0 One of the engines caught fire right after 15 b) A: Hi! How was your weekend?
takeoff. B: It was certainly exciting.
A: Why? What happened?
B: l was driving home from a party when the
page 12
bridge in front of me collapsed.
9 2 A: What was John's dad doing at 6 o'clock?
A: What did you do?
B: He was pointing the door of the cottage. B: I ran to the edge of the bridge.
A: Were any of the passengers injured?
3 A: What was Samantha doing at <5 o’clock? B: No, but they were very frightened.
B: She was teaching her dog new tricks. A: Did you call an ambulance and the traffic
police?
B: Yes, I d i d .
 Suggested Answers Section

page l 5

18. 0 Pictures 1, 2, 3, 4 and o = sb wearing a coat page l b

Pictures 4, 5 and b = a torch
Pictures 1,2, 4, (D and 7 = a path 1 a) business trip: traveller’s cheques, driving
Picture 4 = a squirrel digging in fallen leaves. licence, passport, mobile phone
Pictures 1, 7 and8 = a cottage Mo-Week cruise: T-shirts, shorts, beach towel,
camera, swimsuit, goggles, trainers, sandals,
I think the story is about a girl who lives in a
suntan lotion, sunglasses, sunscreen.
cottage in the country. One day, she decides to go
for a walk. She is walking in the woods when she camping holiday: T-shirts, shorts, iumper, cool
box, binoculars, trainers, hiking boots, insect
realises she is lost. She is very frightened because
repellent, compass, matches, sleeping bag, first
it is getting dark. She sees a squirrel digging in
aid kit, flask, pen knife, money belt, torch,
fallen leaves. The squirrel digs out a torch half
sunscreen.
buried in the leaves. The girl picks up the torch and
5-star hotel: high-heeled shoes, cosmetics,
turns it on. She follows a path and soon she sees
traveller’s cheques, camera, sunglasses, passport
the lights of the village in the distance. The next day
she tells her neighbour about the adventure. When e.g. If I went on a two-week cruise, I would
she returns to the cottage, she sees the squirrel take T-shirts with me. etc
sitting on the wall.
b) A: Would you take a torch with you on a two-
2t 1 Panicking, she cried out for help. week cruise?
2 Looking more closely, she noticed a squirrel. B: No, I don’t think so. There would be lights
3 Bending down, she saw a torch half buried in on the ship, so i wouldn't need it.
the leaves. A: Would you take suntan lotion with you?
4 Relieved, she ran towards the little cottage, B: Yes, because it might be very hot. etc
happy to be safe at last.
5 Thinking about the last time he had been in the hiking boots money belt
woods, he remembered that he had lost his pen knife wet suit
torch. alarm clock sunglasses
rain coat suntan lotion
22 More than Luck
The sky was filled with dark clouds when Rosie e.g. You need hiking boots to wear on your feet
reached the little stone cottage.It was the first day when you go walking.
of her holiday and she couldn't wait to look
around. Rosie unpacked her things hurriedly and The desert has a very dry climate.
went out into the wintry weather to explore the The weather is very warm today.
surrounding countryside. It is sunny today.
Rosie didn't realise how quickly it got dark and This room is very spacious.
very soon she was lost in the woods. Panicking, she It was a wonderful holiday.
cried out desperately for help. Something moved in The scenery was beautiful.
front of her. Looking more closely, Rosie noticed a This is a very elegant hotel suite.
squirrel.
The squirrel ran to the foot of a tree and began 2 You can go shopping in a department store, a
digging in the fallen leaves. Moving closer, Rosie jeweller's or a supermarket.
saw a torch half buried in the leaves. She picked it 3 You can travel by bike, by train or by aeroplane.
up and turned it on. To her amazement, it worked. 4 Caravans, chalets and guest houses are all
Rosie followed an overgrown path and soon she places where you can stay when you are on
could see the lights of the village in the distance. holiday.
Relieved, she ran towards the little cottage, happy 5 You can say that the climate of a place is humid,
to be safe at last. hot, or mild.
The next morning, when Rosie met her next door a Paris, London and Madrid are all European
neighbour, she told him about her adventure in the capital cities.
woods. Thinking about the last time he had been in
the woods, he remembered that he had lost his page 17
torch. "But I don't know anything about the squirrel,”
he said. "Perhaps you were iust lucky.” 6 I often travel by bus.I wait at the bus stop, then get
Later that morning, when Rosie returned to the on the bus and buy a ticket from the conductor.
cottage, she saw a cute grey squirrel sitting on the
I am a cyclist, so I ride my bike every day. I wear
stone wall. She smiled thankfully and realised that
a helmet and I always cycle on the cycle path.
it was more than luck that helped her find her way
to safety. 155
 Suggested Answers Section

I hate waiting in the departure lounge at the Street. Then turn left into london Road and Benii's is
airport, but I feel great when the plane is on the on the right.
runway and ready to take off. I'd love to be a pilot.
From the library to the art gallery: Go along London
etc
Road, past the museum. At the traffic lights, turn
right into Green Street. Go along Milton Street. The
7 a) tropical wet, tropical dry, desert, Mediterranean,
art gallery is on the left, next to the TV studio.
humid, subtropical, humid oceanic, humid
continental, Arctic. From the post office to the theatre: Go along
London Road and, at the traffic lights, turn left into
b) The climate where I live is wet, with mild summers Green Street. Go along Green Street, past the
and cold winters. park, and turn right into Milton Street. The theatre is
The climate in Greece is hot, but it is cool to cold on the right, opposite the art gallery.
at night.
page 20
page 18
19 c) legend= myth
13 2 A: Have you ever mowed/mown a lawn? disobedient a: obedient, well-behaved
B: Yes| have/No, I haven't tiny : huge
3 A: Have you ever been bungee-iumping? remote = distant a: nearby
B: Yes,| have/No, I haven’t. peaceful = quiet a: noisy
4 A: Have you ever chopped wood? tumbling = falling
B: Yes,I have/No, I haven't. spectacular = wonderful, dramatic
5 A: Have you ever called somebody names?
B: Yes,I have/No, I haven't. d) Bali has friendly people, spectacular scenery
6 A: Have you ever won a prize? and a peaceful atmosphere.
B: Yes,| have/No, I haven't.
7 A: Have you ever locked yourself out? page 21
B: Yes,I have/No, I haven't.
8 A: Have you ever sung in public? 21 b) 0 There are lots of things for tourists to see and
B: Yes,I have/No, l haven't. do in Acapulco.
If you enioy shopping, then Acapulco could
page 19 be the place for you.
There is plenty'to do in Acapulco after the
15 A: Is Mrs Rogers preparing lunch? sun goes down.
B: Yes, she has been preparing lunch since 11 0 You could read the article in a travel
o'clock. brochure.
A: Is Miss Simpson sunbathing? 22 1 With its fascinating culture and spectacular
B: Yes, she has been sunbathing since 1 1 o’clock. monument, Rome is the ideal holiday destination.
2 Rome has many tourist attractions which are not
A: Are Amy and Keith swimming in the lake?
B: Yes, they have been swimming in the lake since
to be missed.
l l o’clock.
3 There are also many shops around Rome where
A: Are Jack and Gary climbing trees?
you can buy beautiful souvenirs.
4 Rome has amazing music clubs which are
B: Yes, they have been climbing trees since 11
popular with young people.
o'clock.
A: Is Cindy picking flowers? 23 a) location
B: Yes, she has been picking flowers since l l centre of Italy
o'clock. on River Tiber

17 I've never been to America. things to see/do

I haven't packed my suitcase yet. visit the Vatican
I stayed in Italy for two weeks. visit museums/art galleries
I've lived in this house since 1995. go to the Colosseum/Spanish Steps
I've iust got back from a trip to China. nightlife/restaurants
I’ve already bought my tickets. amazing music clubs
plenty of places to eat
18 From the sports centre to Benii's restaurant: Go fashionable restaurants
along Birch Street and, at the end, turn right into
Park Lane. Go past the park and turn left into Green

156
 Suggested Answers Section

shopping 2 b) The streets in the city are noisier than those in

buy souvenirs the countryside. In the countryside people have
go to modern shops/fashionable boutiques a more relaxing lifestyle. etc
Rome is on the River Tiber.
You can visit the Vatican. 4 b ) A: Have you ever got sunburn?
There are plenty of places to eat. B: Yes, I have.
There are lots of fashionable boutiques. etc A: What did you do?
B: I put lots of lotion on it.
b) Rome has many tourist attractions which are not
to be missed. Have you ever left your camera behind?
There are many shops around Rome where you Yes, l have.
can buy beautiful souvenirs. : What did you do?
Nightlife in the city is very exciting. I bought postcards.

c) Rome is the perfect choice/the ideal place for a : Have you ever missed your flight?

PP>PP>
holiday. Yes, I have.
Rome is a great place for a relaxing break. : What did you do?
Rome is the perfect choice for a visit to I took a later flight.
remember. etc
page 23
24 Rome, the historic capital city of Italy, lies in the
centre of the country on the beautiful River Tiber. 7 b) | forgot to bring my umbrella with me.
With its fascinating culture, spectacular monuments Tie your shoelaces or you will fall over.
and friendly people, Rome is the ideal holiday Does he realise how important this is?
destination. You’ll never guess who I met at the supermarket
Rome has many tourist attractions which are not yesterday.
to be missed.Tourists can visit the Vatican and the There are lots of theatres, restaurants and trendy
impressive museums and art galleries which shops in the city centre.
surround it. The Colosseum and the Spanish Steps You should get the blue bag - it will match your
are also very popular with visitors to the city. shoes.
There are many shops around Rome where you
can buy beautiful souvenirs.The city also has many
>

: I lost my passport when l was on holiday in

large modern shops and fashionable boutiques. Buenos Aires last year.
Nightlife in the city is very exciting. Rome has Oh, dear! What did you do?
>W>P

amazing music clubs which are very popular with : I reported it to the police.
young people. If you would like something more : Did you find it?
peaceful then there are plenty of places to eat and : Yes, I did actually - somebody handed it in at
the fashionable restaurants serve some if the best the police station.
food in the world.
Rome is a city that has something to offer 10 He turned down the music because the
everyone. It is the perfect place for a holiday to neighbours had complained.
remember. Tom's mother was very proud of him because he
had done very well at school.
Susan did not go to school because she had
broken her arm.
Marian did not call Cathy because she had lost
her number.
page 22
H Libertys is less expensive than Harrods.
i a) Phuket has - sandy/clean/deserted beaches; Libertys is smaller than Harrolds.
unspoilt countryside; picturesque villages; green Libertys is the smallest of the three.
fields. Harrods is the biggest of the three.
New York has — congested/crowded/noisy Harrods is more modern than Libertys.
streets; trendy shops; polluted air; busy shopping Debenhams is the most modern of the three.
centres; stressful lifestyle; tall buildings; exciting Debenhams is as popular as Libertys.
nightlife; Harrods is the most popular of the three.
Rome has ~ trendy shops; ancient monuments;
polluted air; busy shopping centres; stressful
lifestyle; exciting nightlife; noisy streets;

157
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page 24 Facilities
Although Hydale Campsite has a small swimming
i 4 - I need to take a diary so that I can write down what pool which is suitable for small children, this pool is
I see. not supervised. Washing machines are available at
I need to take a map so that I don’t get lost. the campsite, although they are quite expensive.
I need to take walking boots so that I can go There are also several showers.However, hot water
hiking. is only provided in the evenings.
I need to take a T-shirt in case it’s hot.
I need to take a money belt to keep my money in. Activites
I need to take a compass in case I get lost. Children aged between7 and I 2 can join the
I need to take camera and film to take some photos. Young Camper's Club, which organises games
I need to take a hat to protect me from the sun. every day between8:00 and I lO am. There is
I need to take sunglasses to protect my eyes. also a free disco at the camp on Friday and
I need to take a tent to sleep in. Saturday evenings.
I need to take a sleeping bag in case it is cold at
night. Atmosphere
I need to take a first aid kit in case somebody has Even though the campsite is quite small, it has a
an accident. very friendly atmosphere.It is ideal for people who
prefer more peaceful holidays. However, it may not
17 a) Is there a direct train to Manchester? be suitable for families with older children.
What time do you want to travel?
Can I have a ticket, please? Recommendation
Do you want a single or return? On the whole, the campsite has some very good
How much will that cost? facilities and activities for both adults and children.
b) B: direct train to Manchester, please? I would recommend the campsite for family
: What time do you want to travel? holidays.
In the morning.
: Well, there's a direct train at I 0 . 0 0 am.
Good — can I have a ticket, please?
: Do you want a single or return?
A return, please. How much will that cost?
I $32.50
Thank you. bl A: Are vegetables high in protein?
B: No, they aren’t. Vegetables are high in iron.
page 27
A: Are meat, fish and poultry high in fibre?
22 I Go to the ”Night owl” disco. B: No, they aren’t. Meat, fish and poultry are
2 Nothing — entrance is free. high in protein.
3 Join in the games at the Young Camper’s Club. : Are fats and sugars high in calcium?
93>

4 Between7 and I 2 years. No, they aren’t. Fats and sugars are high in
calories.
23 I The aim of this report is to assess the suitability
of Hydale Campsite for family holidays. : Are dairy products high in fibre?
93>

2 Even though the campsite is quite small, its No, they aren’t. Dairy products are high in
facilities are very good. calcium.
3 On the whole, I would recommend the campsite
for family holidays. c) I eat biscuits, chocolate and apples every day.
I eat chicken and potatoes once a week.
24 5 paragraphs: Purpose,Facilities, Activities, I eat bananas and yogurt twice a week.
Atmosphere,Recommendation. I like eating cakes and ice-cream, but I don't like
eating lamb or spinach.
25 To: Mr A Davis
From: Mr C Williams 2 a) hot and spicy: chicken wings with sauce, soup.
Subiect: Hydale Campsite sweet: apple pie, cereal, fruit
Date: 17th July juicy: fruit salad
crunchy: cereal, Iasagne, fish and chips
Purpose creamy: soup, Iasagne, apple pie
The aim of this report is to assess the suitability of sour: lemon sorbet
Hydale Campsite for family holidays. low fat: soup, fruit salad, lemon sorbet, cereal

I58
 Suggested Answers Section

c) For a children's party, I would prepare fish and A: Could you please tell me where I can find some
chips with apple pie for dessert. orange juice?
. For a dinner for vegetarians,I would prepare B: In the Beverages and refreshments section,
soup, Iasagne and fruit salad. madam.
For a Sunday lunch for my family, I would A: Could you please tell me where I can find some
prepare chicken wings with sauce and lemon
peas?
sorbet for dessert. B: In the Pulses section, madam.
I think I'll do Iasagne.
A: I’d like some cheese, please.
B: I don’t think that's a good idea. How about fish
B: Sliced or grated, madam?
and chips?
A: I think I’ll have sliced cheese, please. etc
A: That would be great. We could also have
chicken.
You can grate cheese and carrots.
B: Yes, but not everybody likes fried food etc
You can fry onions, cod, mushrooms, tomatoes,
eggs, chicken and potatoes.
You can boil carrots, onions, cabbage, cod, eggs,
page 29
chicken, rice, potatoes and peas.
You can grill cheese, onions, cod, mushrooms,
4 Beverages and refreshments: lemonade, fizzy tomatoes, chicken and turkey.
drinks, orange juice.
Pulses: lentils, beans, peas 0) I can see a bottle of olive oil.
Pasta and grains: spaghetti, rice, cereals
I can see a tin of tomatoes.
Nuts and snacks: cashews, almonds, peanuts,
crisps
I see a jar of honey.
I can see a box of chocolates.
I can see a carton of orange juice.
A: Could you please tell me where I can find some
cashews? I can see a packet of peas.
B: In the Nuts and snacks section, madam. I can see a packet of flour.
A: Could you please tell me where I can find some b) l tub of margarine
beans?
l packet of flour
B: In the Pulses section, madam.
I box of eggs
A: Could you please tell me where I can find some 2 bars of chocolate
spaghetti?
B: In the Pasta and grains section, madam. page 30
A: Could you please tell me where I can find some 13 2 She's stirring the mixture. She's going to make a
almonds?
cake.
B: In the Nuts and snacks section, madam. 3 He's grating (some) cheese. He's going to make
A: Could you please tell me where I can find some an omelette.
rice? 4 She‘s slicing a banana. She's going to make a
B: In the Pasta and grains section, madam. milk shake.
5 He's dicing (some) tomatoes. He's going to
A: Could you please tell me where I can find some make a tomato sauce.
peanuts?
(5 He’s frying (some) chicken. He’s going to make
B: In the Nuts and snacks section, madam. chicken and chips.
A: Could you please tell me where I can find some
fizzy drinks? page 3 I
B: In the Beverages and refreshments section,
madam. 14 I am doing my homework now.
This afternoon I am going to play basketball.
A: Could you please tell me where I can find some Tomorrow evening I am going to visit my
lentils? grandmother.
B: In the Pulses section, madam.
This weekend I am going to the beach.
A: Could you please tell me where I can find some
cflsps? 15 When Andy moves to his new house, he will have
B: In the Nuts and snacks section, madam. to redecorate every room.
If Susan leaves for work now, she’ll arrive on time.
A: Could you please tell me where I can find some Unless we find the matches,we won't be able to
cereals? light the barbecue.
B: In the Pasta and grains section, madam.
159
 Suggested Answers Section

If I finish my homework before 8 pm, I will be able page 32

to watch my favourite TV show.
When Lily arrives at the airport, she will give me a 21 b) A: Ann,would you like some more rice?
call. B: Mmm... no, thanks. I've got plenty.
A: How about some more meat?
16 When I leave school, I will travel round the world. B: Oh, all right. Not too much, though.
When I get my driving licence, 1 will buy a car. A: Is that enough?
When 1 get my degree,1 will get a good iob. B: That's great, thanks.Can you pass the salt
When I go on holiday, I will go swimming every day. and pepper, please?
A: Yes, of course.
17 Don't touch the saucepan.You’ll burn yourself. B: Thanks. Can I have some more iuice,
She looked at herself in the mirror while she brushed her please?
hair. A: Here you are.
Let me introduce myself. My name’s Alan. B: This is really a tasty meal.
Paul cut himself while he was chopping vegetables.
Mother warned the twins not to go near the boiling page 33
water because they might scald themselves.
24 a) The writer has used present simple and present
18 a) Are there any carrots in the picture? continuous tenses, because a festival is a
Yes there are. regular event; it takes place every year.
Is there any bread in the picture?
Yes, there is. b) In paragraph1: the name of festival; when/
Is there a cauliflower in the picture? where it takes place; the reason for celebrating.
Yes, there is. In paragraph 2: the preparations
Is there a fish in the picture? ln paragraph 3: the actual day of the festival
Yes, there is. In paragraph 4: the reason for going and a
Is there any Coke in the picture? recommendation.
No, there isn't.
c) You could read this in a travel guide, brochure
b) To make breakfast 1 would use cornflakes and fruit. or magazine.
To make lunch I would use bread, cheese and
tomatoes. 25 b) it is highly entertaining festival. if you have a
To make dinner I would use chicken, peppers and sweet tooth, love pancakes and enioy nature,1
pasta. highly recommend it as the perfect way to
celebrate the end of winter. Don’t miss it!
19 b) To make an omelette you need: some eggs, 0
little milk, salt and pepper, 0 little butter, some 27 Name: Christmas
cheese. Where/When: All over the country/ 25th December
Reason: Religious celebration
A: Let’s make an omelette. I’m in the mood for
Preparations: Buying presents, putting up
one. decorations, decorating a tree.
Great idea.What do we need?
Actual day: Giving and receiving presents, eating
: Well, we need some eggs.
We've got three eggs.
meal with family, visiting friends.
: Good. We need a little milk, too.
28 All over Britain, every 25th December, people
We’ve got half a litre in the fridge.
celebrate Christmas.This is a Christian festival to
' Great. That's enough. Now, have we got
celebrate the birth of Jesus. People also see it as a
any cheese?
chance to get together with their family and
Hm We've got some. How much do we
need?
exchange presents.
Just a little.
Weeks before Christmas, people start buying
Well, that's OK, then. What else?
gifts for their friends and family. Most families also
How much butter have we got?
decorate their homes.They put up a Christmas tree
full of brightly-coloured lights.
Very little, actually.
That’s alright.We only need a little. And we On Christmas day, people live and receive
presents. Many families eat Christmas lunch
need some salt and pepper.
B: Great! We've got everything. Let's get
together. It is traditional to cook turkey and roast
cooking.
potatoes followed by a special pudding and mince
pies. .
lf you have the chance to spend Christmas with
a family, I would highly recommend it. It is the
perfect way to celebrate this traditional festival.
160
 Suggested Answers Section

1 0 b) B: I feel depressed when I hear sad news.

What about you?
page 34 A: l feel depressed when l see a sad film.
When do you feel aggressive?
l b) A: I wear a tailor-made suit, a waistcoat and a B: I feel aggressive when l see people being
striped tie. What do you wear when you go cruel to animals. What about you?
to a fancy restaurant? A: I feel aggressive when I see people throwing
B: l wear a knee-length skirt, a white shirt and rubbish on the street. When do you feel excited?
high-heeled shoes. B: | feel excited when| go to a basketball
game. What about you?
3 0 A: Do you enjoy going to rock concerts? A: I feel excited when| go to a rock concert.
B: Yes, I really like going to rock concerts. When do you feel cheerful?

.0?
0 A: Do you enjoy going to marine parks? | feel cheerful when I’m with my friends.
B: Yes, l quite enjoy going to marine parks. What about you?

PP???
0 A: Do you enjoy going to art galleries? I feel cheerful when I'm on holiday.
B: No, I don't like going to art galleries. When do you feel annoyed?
0 A: Do you enjoy going to parties? | feel annoyed when my sister uses my
B: Yes,I’m a party person. computer. What about you?
0 A: Do you enjoy going to the cinema? B: I feel annoyed when my brother plays his
B: Yes,I’m a cinema person. music really loud.
I A: Do you enjoy going to the theatre?
B: Not really.I’m not a theatre person. page 37
0 A: Do you enjoy going to the circus?
B: No, I hate going to the circus. 15 I don’t mind babysitting my sisters at weekends.
I can't stand waking up early when I'm on
page 35 holiday.
I'm looking foward to going to the beach for
8 b) 2 Shelly and Sandra are wearing white, short- two days.
sleeved cotton shirts, blue pleated skirts, I expect to get a letter from by best friend soon.
white socks and white shoes.
3 Carl is wearing a tailor-made brown suit, a 18 A: When you ride a bike you must wear a
purple cotton shirt, a striped tie and brown helmet.
walking shoes. B: That’s right. And you must stop at red lights
4 Helen is wearing a blue and white checkled) and at stop signs.
hat, a smart, blue and white checkledl dress, A: When you are at a football match you can't
white stockings and blue shoes. get into the stadium without a ticket.
5 Dan is wearing a blue cotton T-shirt, dark Yes, and you must behave yourself.
>9.”

blue shorts, white socks and sports shoes. : That’s right. You mustn’t go on the pitch, but
6 Greg is wearing a grey top hat, a tailor- you can ask a player for his autograph.
made suit, a grey waistcoat and a blue bow
tie. Amy is wearing a pink dress and white : When you drive a car, you must drive carefully.
93>

shoes. That’s right. And you must be considerate to

pedestrians.
page 36
19 I usually wake up at 6:30. What time do you
9 a) 0 shirt, jeans and shoes leave for school?
0 I have had my shirt for three months, my I leave for school at 8 o'clock. What about
jeans for a year and my shoes fora year and you?
a half. I leave for school at 8:30. How often do you
I wear my shirt once a week, my jeans three tidy your room?
times a week and my shoes every day. I tidy my room every day. What about you?
I got my shirt, jeans and shoes from a shop I tidy my room at the weekends. Do you wash
in the city centre. up after dinner?
: i sometimes wash up after dinner. What about
b) A: My shirt is white with blue stripes on it. you?
B: Well, my dress is yellow with little flowers on I never wash up after dinner. When do you do
it. etc the shopping?
I usually do the shopping on Saturday. What
time do you have dinner?
: l have dinner at 6 o’clock. What about you?
03>

: l have dinner at 7:30.

161
 Suggested Answers Section

page 38 Inside, the house is cosy.

There are big windows and shiny wooden floors. It
21 hOIIOWed out = with the inside part removed is nicely decorated in bright colours.The furniture is
0 carved = something formed by cutting it out of modern and comfortable.There is a staircase
wood or stone leading upstairs to a spacious bedroom and study.
shades of = degrees of colour
memorial = something which reminds of a past page 4]
event or person
honoured = showed respect to 27 a l l The Globe Theatre is in Southwark, london.
passing on = narrating, telling 2 It was originally built in l599 by William
derived from = came from Guthberd and Richard Burbage.
ancestor = people from whom somebody is 3 A fire destroyed the theatre in l 6 l 3 and it
descended was pulled down in l644.
visual = of something you can see 4 It was rebuilt and opened to the public in
stand = represent, symbolise l996.

page 39 b) The shape of the building is round with

twenty sides. It has small square windows and a
22 bl A: Hello. Rail Express Enquiries — Tony thatched roof.
speaking. How may l help you? Inside the theatre there is an open stage on
B: Hello. I’d like to book a ticket from London to the ground floor.There are two pillars and the
liverpool. ceiling of the small roof is painted with the sun,
>po>

: When do you want it for? moon and stars. There are two storeys of
Tomorrow night. galleries and the audience sit on benches.
: Hold on a second, Yes, there’s one at 9
o’clock from King's Cross which reaches c) Para B, because it includes general comments
liverpool at 3 am. and a recommendation.
Good. Make the reservation.
PP??P?>.UP>FP

: First class? 28 The Globe Theatre

Yes, please.
The Globe Theatre is in Southwark, london. It is
: Single or return?
one of the most famous theatres in the world, not
Return, please?
only for the plays that are staged there, but also
That's El 15. because of its historical significance.
Thank you very much. The theatre was built in l599 by William
Shakespeare and six of his colleagues. It was very
page 40
popular and people used to flock to the theatre
every night to see the plays in which even
24 l think you could read such an article in a tourist
Shakespeare himself sometimes acted.The theatre
magazine or a travel brochure.
was destroyed by fire in TOT 3, rebuilt in l 6 l 4 and
pulled down in l644. Nearly four centuries later,
25 The first sentence of each paragraph is the topic
in TQQO, this historical building was rebuilt.
sentence.
The new Globe Theatre is almost identical to the
Alternative sentences
original.The walls are made of traditional materials
Para 2: The original purpose of the museum was
from all over England. For example, bricks,wood
to show a collection of skeletons and
and a special plaster made from sand, lime and
dried plants, as well as objects from the
goat hair have been used to rebuild the theatre.The
ancient world.
building is round and has twenty sides. lt has also
Para 3: The exterior of the building is striking. got small, square windows and a thatched roof.
The inside of the Globe is very impressive.The
Para 4: The inside of the building is truly
stage,which is open, is on the ground floor and is
inspiring.
covered with a small roof. It has also got two pillars
and its ceiling is painted with the sun, the moon
26 The outside of the house is truly charming.
and stars.The stage is surrounded by two storeys of
It is painted in bright colours and even the chimney
galleries where the audience sit on benches.
is a rich, reddish brown. In the small front garden
The new Globe Theatre is a fascinating and
there are some beautiful flowers.There is a path wonderful place to visit. Visitors now have the
and four steps leading up to the front door. At the
opportunity to see how plays were performed over
back of the house there are some tall trees.
four hundred years ago.

162
 Suggested Answers Section

page 46

page 42 18 A: I hate it when you come home late at night.

B: So do I, but l have a lot of work at the moment.
i A: Why might northern Europe be the tropical (wife - husband)
\lO‘U‘iw

paradise of the future?

B: Because of global warming. Why has the sea You should ask before using the computer.
turned black off the coast of Norway? I’m sorry, I forgot. (parent - child)
A: Because there has been an oil spill. Why have
the animals living in Barton Wood been left You never tidy your room!
homeless? That's not true! i did it last week. (parent- child)

.3?
B: Because of deforestation. Why were ten school
We don't study hard enough. We're going to fail
children hospitalised with breathing problems?
A: Because of air pollution. the exam.
B: I do agree with that. We should study tonight.
(two friends)
b) T New laws needed to protect endangered
species. A: I think the children should do the washing-up
2 Africa suffering from maior drought. tonight.
3 Factory fined for pumping waste into river. B: Me too! [husband - wife)
4 Forest fire out of control.
A: Idon't think we should spend hours on the phone.
Rare plants are threatened by acid rain and Our last bill was huge!
logging companies. B: That's true. We have to be more careful.
Fish are threatened by waste and sewage. (flatmates)
Forests are threatened by logging companies and
acid rain. page 47
The ozone layer is threatened by the use of aerosols.
2 ] If people avoided using their cars whenever
page 43 possible, then air pollution levels would be reduced.
Long-term prison sentences would deter hunters from
8 2 It would be a good idea to use bicycles and
public transport more often. killing animals for their skin or ivory.
3 We should recycle as much of our rubbish as 22 2-c Another good idea would be to use alternative
possible. forms of energy. By doing this we would reduce
4 It would be a good idea to use unleaded petrol. the air pollution caused by harmful gases. This
5 We must stop using dangerous crop sprays on would also mean that the Earth's natural
our food. resources would not come to an end.
(5 I believe we must stop deforestation. 3-a Efforts should be made to recycle containers
and papers. These materials can be used to
page 44 make new products. This would also reduce
litter.
ii We use a pencil sharpener to sharpen pencils.
We use a nutcracker to crack nuts. 23 The Earth is suffering from many environmental
We use a tin opener to open tins. problems. Pollution is damaging the air we breathe
We use a hair dryer to dry hair. and our seas and rivers. The Earth's resources are
We use a dish washer to wash dishes. running out and many animals and birds are losing
We use a potato peeler to peel potatoes. their natural habitats. Something needs to be done
about these problems before it is too late.
page 45 Firstly, we should stop cutting down trees. This
would mean that birds and animals would not lose
162 Ten people were killed in Friday's tragic train their natural habitats.
crash. Another good idea would be to use alternative
3 Saltley museum will be/is to be opened by a forms of energy, such as wind power and
3?

local historian.
.907?. ?

hydroelectricity. By doing this we would reduce

4 The Taylor children were/have been reunited pollution and help to preserve the Earth's natural
with their parents. resources.
5 The hikers have been trapped in the avalanche Finally, efforts should be made to recycle
since Saturday. papers, aluminium cans and other containers.
6 Brad Pitt is expected to win two Oscars. These materials could be used to make new
products.If this were done, then there would also
be less waste and litter would be reduced.
 Suggested Answers Section

There are many things that we can do to help : What's a paramedic’s job like?
solve the world's environmental problems.If we all It's very exciting.
did our bit we could make the world a better place Really? Why do you think so?
for everyone. Because he gets to help in medical
emergencies.

>
: That's true, but it’s also stressful.It must be
very nerve-racking to be responsible for
people's lives.

: What's a careers advisor’s job like?

PP>FP>
It’s very interesting.
Roy is a traffic warden. : Really? Why do you think that?
He works on the city streets. Because careers advisors get to meet a lot of
He makes sure people don’t park illegally. people.
Gary is a lifeguard.

)>
: That's true. It’s also a satisfying iob. It must
He works at the beach/pool. be great to help people find the right career.
He rescues swimmers in danger.
Daniel is a paramedic. : What's wrong with you?
He works from an ambulance/in the : I've got toothache.
hospital. : Why don't you see a dentist?
He helps in medical emergencies.
Keiko is a careers advisor. : What's wrong with you?
She works in a job centre. : I've got earache.
She helps people find work. : Why don’t you use some ear-drops?
bl
: Where does a traffic warden work? : What's wrong with you?
He/She works on the city streets. : I've got backache.
: What do you think he/she does at work? : Why don't you lie down?
He/She makes sure people don't park
illegally. St: What’s wrong with you?
52: My shoulder/chest/knee/arm/back hurts.
' Where does a lifeguard work? Sf: Why don’t you take a painkiller?
He/She works at the beach/pool.
What do you think he/she does at work? page 50
He/She rescues swimmers in danger.
it eg. You can swim, can't you?
: Where does a paramedic work? You went to the cinema yesterday, didn’t
93>

He/She works from an ambulance/in a you?

hospital. She is pretty, isn’t she?
: What do you think he/she does at work? You work here, don’t you?
93>

He/She helps in medical emergencies. You haven't got a pen, have you?
Let's stay in tonight, shall we?
: Where does a careers adviser work?
F’?>.UF‘>

You were on the phone, weren’t you?

He/She works in a lab centre.
: What do you think he/she does at work? write when you were five?
He/She helps people find work. :ir'e'
5, I could. Could you dance when you were
five?
: What’s a traffic warden’s iob like? No, I couldn't. Could you swim when you were
It's very tiring. five?
Really? Why do you think so? : Y e s, I could. Could you use a computer when
Because he has to walk the streets for hours. y O u were five?
That’s true, but it's also rewarding. It must be : No, I couldn't. Could you ride a bike when you
satisfying to stop people parking illegally. were five?
' No, I couldn't. Could you tell the time when you
What’s a lifeguard's job like? were five?
>PP>PPR>

It’s very dangerous. : Y es, l could.

: Really? Why do you think so?
Because he could drown.
: That’s true, but it's also satisfying. It must be
very rewarding to save somebody from
drowning.
[64
 Suggested Answers Section

page 5 ] 0 There should be a place where they can go to

meet people, with a special bus service to take
l b » of 0 You can cure illnesses, aches and pains by them there and back. Also, there should be a
taking medicine or having an operation or grocery delivery service and doctors should
by having acupuncture or a massage. make regular home visits to elderly people.
0 (55' own answers) 0 Old people would not feel so lonely and would
I think the first picture shows different oils feel safe and looked after.
and plants. The second picture shows a
doctor massaging a patient's foot. The third 26 i B — ...get out and they wouldn't be
picture shows a large diamond/crystal. housebound or feel isolated.
2C— Leisure centres and lunch clubs should be
18 symptoms: changes in the body that indicate illness. established.If this happened, elderly
treatment: something done to help cure an illness. people would have a social life and
correspond: have a close connection. make friends, therefore, they would enjoy
toxins: poisons life more.
applied: placed or put 3A- Local supermarkets could provide a home
inhaled: breathed in delivery service. This would mean that
energising: giving energy to sb or sth elderly people would be less anxious and
orthodox: normal or usual stressed about shopping.In addition, they
would probably have a healthier diet.
page 52
27 Dear Sir,
2] b) Si: Are you free tonight? I am writing regarding the problems which
S2: Yes, why? What are you doing? elderly people in our area have to face. I do not
Si: Oh, nothing special. What about going to think that enough is being done to help elderly
the theatre? people and I would like to make some suggestions
S2: I don’t feel like that. Why don’t we go to on how to make life better for them.
the park? There's a free concert on tonight. To begin with, improvements should be made to
Si: That would be nice. What time does it the public transport service. Buses and trains should
start? be specially equipped and be more frequent. This
82: At 9 pm. Shall l pick you up? means that elderly people would be able to get out
S i : Yes, that would be great. more often. Therefore, they wouldn't feel
52: Okay. Let’s meet outside the baker’s near housebound or isolated.
your house at 8.30 pm. Secondly, if local supermarkets provided a free
St: Okay. See you then. Bye. home delivery service for elderly customers, older
people would be less anxious and stressed about
22 He lives on the streets. shopping and they wouldn't have to carry heavy
Begging for food/money. bags. They would also have a healthier diet, as they
To put things in. would be able to buy a greater variety of food.
All his possessions. Furthermore, I think it would be a good idea if
Ss’ own answers a leisure centre and a lunch club were set up for
elderly people in the area. This would encourage
page 53 them to make friends and have a better social life,
so they would enjoy life more.
24 i This would mean that people would not have to To sum up, I think we should all try to help our
park on the streets, so cities and towns would elderly friends and neighbours.If some of my
have more space for pedestrians. suggestions were carried out, the lives of elderly
2 This would reduce the problem of litter on the people would be much easier.
beaches. Yours faithfully,
3 This would result in fewer traffic toms and would J. Wilson.
be better for the environment.

25 0 85' own answers

0 They get lonely because they can’t get out to
meet people and some of them have no
families. They have trouble doing things like
shopping and housework. They get ill easily and
don't have anyone to care for them.

165
 Suggested Answers Section

5 I don't think you should join the boxing club,

because boxing is a dangerous sport and you can
easily be iniured. You get punched in the face a lot
page 54 and might have/get your nose broken. Yes, I know
it makes you fit and strong and you learn how to
2 a) People collect stamps, toy soldiers, CD5 and defend yourself, but I still don't think it's worth it. It's
coins. A basketball hoop, a golf ball and a too dangerous. Why don’t you play football or
football are used to play sport. tennis instead?

The saxophone and guitar are musical page 56

instruments.
9 a) He asked if/whether they had any special offers.
The most popular activity is sport, because most He asked what facilities were available.
people like to be healthy. He asked what the opening hours were.
The least popular activity is collecting items, He asked if/whether there were any changing
because many people consider it boring. rooms.
He asked if/whether the swimming pool was
b) I like volleyball because I can play it with all my open every day.
friends. He asked if/whether the staff were qualified.
I started when I was eleven.
I play at least three hours a week. )0 a) 2 The instructor told him to keep his back
straight.
page 55 3 The coach ordered him not to bend his
knees.
3 Football is played on a pitch. To play football you 4 The personal trainer asked him if/whether he
need (to wear) football boots. could feel his stomach muscles tightening.
5 The aerobics instructor told them to move on
Golf is played on a (golf) course. To play golf you to the next exercise.
need (golf) clubs.
b) 2 What time does the gym close?
Snooker is played on a (snooker) table. To play She asked what time the gym closed.
snooker you need a cue. 3 Is the gym open at weekends?
He asked if/whether the gym was open at
Baseball is played on a field. To play baseball you weekends.
need (to wear) a baseball mitt. 4 Is there a sauna?
She asked if/whether there was a sauna.
Water polo is played in a (swimming) pool. To play 5 Is the gym air-conditioned?
water polo you need (to wear) a swimming cap. He asked if/whether the gym was
air-conditioned.
a) A mountaineer needs to be athletic and
adventurous. l! What a pretty baby!
A ballet dancer needs to be athletic and How pretty that baby is!
graceful. 0 She's such a pretty baby!
A pointer needs to be imaginative and talented.
0 What a delicious cake!
b) A: Why does a mountaineer need to be athletic How delicious that cake is!
and adventurous? It's such a delicious cake!
B: Because mountaineering is physically
demanding and exciting, but dangerous. 0 What a funny hat!
How funny that hot is!
A: Why does a ballet dancer need to be It's such a funny hat!
athletic and graceful?
B: Because ballet (dancing) is physically 0 What lovely presents!
demanding and the dancer’s movements How lovely those presents are!
must flow smoothly. 0 They’re such lovely presents!

A: Why does a painter need to be imaginative What a lovely view!

and talented? How lovely the view is!
B: Because painting is creative and takes a lot lt's such a lovely view!
of artistic skill.

66
 Suggested Answers Section

0 What a great place for hiking! 4 The best thing you can do is talk to the other
0 It's such a great place for hiking! students who sit near you.
Why don't you try to find another student who
0 What clean air! lives near you? If you do this, you could walk to
How clean the air is! school together.
It's such clean air! Have you thought about joining school clubs?
That way, you are sure to make friends quickly.
page 5 7
17 if I were you, l'd get advice from your local iob
12 a) In sailing we use a boat or yacht to travel across centre. That way the counsellors can help you
the sea. We need to put up sails and steer the decide which jobs would suit you.
boat. Boats can be used in races or just to move
in a relaxing way from one place to another. Another good idea is to send your CV to different
In surfing we use a surfboard to ride the waves. companies. This would mean that businesses
Surfers have to stay on the board and do looking for part-time employees with your
difficult turns. qualifications can contact you.

page 58 The best thing you can do is look in the employment

section of the local newspaper.If you do this you
14 bl A: Hello —- Bradbury Community College. . will find out about the part-time jobs which are
Can I help you? available in your area.
B: Yes, I'm interested in taking your Business
Management course. Could you tell me what 18 DearJoe,
courses are available? Thanks for your letter.I'm glad to hear you have
A: Well, we have an introductory course that decided to get a part-time iob this summer.It's a
takes two months and an advanced course great way to earn some money and meet new
that takes two years. people at the same time. I know how hard it is to
B: Is the introductory course full-time or part- find the sort of work you want, but I hope the
time? following suggestions will help.
A: It's full-time. There are classes every day from If I were you, I'd get advice from your local iob
TO to 2 pm. centre. That way the counsellors can help you
B: That sounds perfect. How much does it cost? decide which jobs would suit you.
A: It’s .9500, plus the cost of books. Another good idea is to look in the employment
B: Well, it's a little expensive, but I suppose I section of the local newspaper.If you do this you
can afford it. How do | apply? will find out about the part-time iobs which are
A: Would you like me to send you further available in your area.
details? I hope I have given you some useful ideas.
B: That would be great! Please write back and let me know how your iob
hunting's going.
page 59 Good Luck!
Tim
16 T If I were you, I'd cut down on sugar.If you do
this, you are certain to lose a few kilos. I
wouldn't eat so many biscuits in between meals.
Why don't you try eating more fruit rather than
sweets? That way, you won't be hungry.
page 60
2 The best thing you can do is to put money into
a closed account. If you do this, it will be T 2 Alexander Fleming discovered penicillin.
impossible for you to touch the money.Have 3 Bill Gates devised the Windows computer
you ever thought about asking your parents to program.
look after your money? Thomas Edison invented the light bulb.
Alexander the Great founded the city of
3 Why don’t you take up some new hobbies? Alexandria.
Have you ever thought about joining clubs for
retired people?This would mean that you would 2 In the past, people used typewriters. Nowadays,
meet people in the same position. You shouldn’t w e use computers.
just sit at home and watch TV. 3 In the past, people used sundials. Nowadays,
we use watches and clocks.

167
 Suggested Answers Section

4 In the past, people used brooms. Nowadays, .. I had enough money.

we use vacuum cleaners. she would do better in school.
.. I would go out tonight.
4 2 A A hundred years ago, most people lived in .. he had been more careful.
wooden houses. .. you could have borrowed it from me.
Nowadays, many people live in blocks of .. she had known you were in trouble.
flats.
3 D A hundred years ago, people travelled by If Gloria's mother hadn't worked, Gloria
steam train. Nowadays,we travel by electric wouldn't have had to look after her sick father
train. and younger sister.
4 B A hundred years ago, people used to play If she had had a social life, she wouldn’t have
records on a gramaphone. Nowadays,we found peace and strength in playing the guitar
play CDs on a CD player. and singing.
If she hadn't attended Miami University, she
page 61 wouldn’t have joined The Miami Latin Boys.
If she hadn't joined The Miami Latin Boys, she
7 2 A: I don’t think you should travel around Europe wouldn’t have grown into a confident and sleek
on your own.Why don’t you ask one of your performer.
friends to go with you? You'd have a lot If she hadn’t gone on tour, she wouldn’t have
more fun and it would be much safer. had a road accident.
B: Well, I suppose you could be right, but none If she hadn’t had a road accident, she wouldn’t
of my friends can afford to come with me. have injured her spine.
A: Have you thought of lending someone the If she hadn't injured her spine, she wouldn’t
‘ money to go with you? etc have had to have physical therapy.
If she hadn’t had physical therapy, she wouldn't
3 A: I think it would be a mistake to buy a pet. have made a miraculous comeback.
You're always away on business and there's
no one to look after it while you’re not here. page 64
B: Yes, you're quite right, but I do get rather
lonely sometimes.What would you do in my 16 b) Karen: Bryant and Partners — Karen
place? speaking. How can I help you?
A: Well, if I were you l’d get a flatmate. etc Mark/ Sue: Good morning.Could l speak to the
director/sales manager, please?
page 62 Karen: May | ask who's calling?
Mark/ Sue: Mark Jones/Sue Carter.
9 2 If he didn't waste money, he wouldn’t be broke. Karen: Hold on a moment, please. I'll put
3 If I won the lottery, I would stop working. you through.(pause) I'm sorry, Mr
4 If she knew how to cook, she wouldn't order Jones/Ms Carter, but he's talking on
takeaways all the time. another line at the moment.Would
5 If she were a sporty person, she would enjoy you like to leave a message?
watching football. Mark/Sue: No, thank you. Just tell him I called/
6 if we didn’t like camping,we wouldn’t go on l'll hold.
camping holidays.
page 65
10 S2: at lOzOO am, she wouldn’t have missed
the bus to the driving school. 18 b i t In a magazine for teenagers.
83: If Sarah hadn’t missed the bus to the driving 2 The general public, teenagers and their
school, she wouldn't have arrived late for the parents.
test. 3 Informal.
54: If Sarah hadn’t arrived late for the test, she 4 Para l : name, location, who the camp is
wouldn't have done badly. suitable for
55: If Sarah hadn't done badly in the test, she Para 2: what the place offers
would have got a driving licence. Para 3: a recommendation and a contact
36: If Sarah had got a driving licence, she website
wouldn't have had to take the test again. 5 Addressing the reader directly.
6 The writer recommends the place by claiming
page 63 that you will have the time of your life.
14 l we had more street lights.
2 he wouldn't have been fired.
68
 Suggested Answers Section

2O ! Cybercamp. In the USA. B: She always has lunch at the campus

2 Children from 7 to !8 years old who are restaurant.
interested in computers. What is she doing now?
3 Learn how to create your own computer game. She is preparing a lecture.
Build a robot or cyberpet. Design your own web When is she travelling to France?
page. Produce a 3D animation film. Enioy a She is travelling to France in two weeks.
variety of sports and games.Take part in team 7 A: Is Mary going shopping with her mum on
building activities.Visit places of local interest Monday?
and go white-water rafting. B: Yes, she is.
4 beginning: If you are interested in computers A: Is Mary having a haircut on Monday?
and looking for something exciting B: No, she isn't. She’s having a haircut on
to do this summer, then Cybercamp Tuesday.
is the place for you! A: ls Mary meeting her brother for dinner on
ending: You will have the time of your life! Visit Tuesday?
our Website at www.computerexf.com B: Yes, she is.
for more details. A: ls Mary visiting her grandma on Monday?
5 para ! Computer camps with a difference! B: No, she isn't. She's visiting her grandma on
para 2 Lots to do! Wednesday.
para 3 We're waiting for you!
page 70
2! Cybercamps
Computer camps with a difference! If you are 8 2 A: Does Sarah play tennis on Sundays?
interested in computers and looking for something B: Yes, she does. She plays tennis on Sundays.
interesting to do this summer, then Cybercamp is the 3 A: Is Steve working on the computer now?
place for you! It is a fun-filled camp where young B: No, he isn't. He's sleeping now.
people aged 7-18 can learn all about computers. 4 A: What does Peter do every morning?
With 13 locations across the USA, there is sure to B: He takes his dog for a walk every morning.
be a location to suit you. 5 A: Is John picking flowers at the moment?
B: No, he isn’t. He's smelling flowers at the
Lots to do! moment.
At Cybercamps you can learn how to create your
own computer game, experience the satisfaction of 10 4 can be omitted
designing your own web page and share in the 5 cannot be omitted
excitement of producing a 3D animation film. You b can be omitted
can even build a robot or cyberpet,which is yours 7 cannot be omitted
to take home! At Cybercamps you will also take 8 can be omitted
part in team-building activities and enioy a variety 9 cannot be omitted
of sports and games. If all this is not enough,we 0 cannot be omitted
also offer special excursions to local places of
interest, as well as the opportunity to go white- 11 A baker is someone who bakes bread.
.09.)???

water rafting.We're waiting for you! A potter is someone w h o makes pottery.

Cornflakes are something (which) we eat.
If you have some free time this summer, and you A map is something (which! we use to wash
want to experience the wonderful world of the floor.
O

computers, come to Cybercamps.With so many Giraffes are animals whose necks are very long.
great activities, you're sure to find something you
enioy! Visit our website at www.computerexp.com.
C Grammar — Unit 2 )
C Grammar — Unit 1 ) page 75

page 69 2 2 Where did Cinderella lose her glass slipper?

At the ball.
4 a) Mrs Lyness is a university professor. She works Who lost her glass slipper at the ball?
from Q to 4. She always has lunch at the Cinderella.
campus restaurant. She is preparing a lecture What did Cinderella lose at the ball? Her
now. She is travelling to France in two weeks. glass slipper.
b) A: What are her working hours? 3 Who went to Mexico lastJuly? Sarah.
B: She works from Q to 4. Where did Sarah go lastJuly? To Mexico.
A: Where does she have lunch? When did Sarah go to Mexico? LastJuly.
4 Who wrote ”Frankenstein"? Mary Shelley.
169
 Suggested Answers Section
1
What did Mary Shelley write? ”Frankenstein”.
When did Mary Shelley write ”Frankenstein"? C Grammar - Unit 3
ln 18l8. page 80

2 Do you usually go to the gym? l A: Have you booked the reception hall?
Yes, I do. B: Yes, I have already booked the reception hall./
Did you go to the gym yesterday? No, I haven't booked the reception hall yet.
No, I didn’t. I stayed at home.
A: Have you hired the DJ?
: Do you usually walk your dog in the
B: Yes, I have already hired the DJ./
afternoon?
No, I haven't hired the DJ yet.
Yes, I do.
: Did you walk your dog yesterday afternoon?
: Have you ordered the flowers?

93>
No, I didn’t. I had to work late.
Yes, I have already ordered the flowers./
4;

: Do you usually drive to work?

No, I haven't ordered the flowers yet.
Yes, I do.
: Did you drive to work this morning?
: Have you arranged the seating plan?

93>
No, I didn't. l caught the bus.
Yes,I have already arranged the seating plan./
No, I haven't arranged the seating plan yet.
: What was Lia doing at 8:45 this morning?
She was eating breakfast.
page 8 l
: What was Lia doing at 9:45 this morning?
She was having a history lesson. 40)] found a cheap room near his college.
What was Lia doing at lO:45 this morning? He hasn't made friends yet.
She was playing football in the playground.
He ioined the drama society yesterday.
What was Lia doing at l 1:45 this morning?
2 Claire joined a gym last week.
She was working on the computer. She has already lost Weight.
: What was Lia doing at l2zl5 this afternoon?
She has never felt better.
She was having 0 Biology lesson in the
She hasn’t met any new people so for.
laboratory.
: What was Lia doing at 22l5 this afternoon?
b) I moved into my new house last month.
She was studying in the library. I haven't met any of my neighbours yet.
: What was Lia doing at 42l5 this afternoon?
I have already finished painting all the rooms.
She was going home.
I haven’t bought any new furniture yet.
: What was Lia doing at 5:30 this afternoon?
She was listening to music.
page 82
page 7 6
7 She has been working as a shop assistant for the
last three years.
10 I’ve got a big blue book.
She has been wearing the same style of clothes for
I've got a small green canvas wallet.
the last three years.
I've got a long yellow plastic ruler. etc
She has had her hair long for the last three years.
She has been living in a small flat for the last three
ll 2-f Amy got me a newspaper while she was out.
>93???

3-0 John watered my plants while I was on years.

She has been driving a Mini for the last three years.
holiday.
4-c He got up early and went for a run before
A: | play football.
work.
B: How long have you been playing football?
5-b She sang to the baby until it fell asleep.
A: I've been playing football for two years.
é-c We went straight to bed when we got home.

13 l-d He'll never forget the day when he won his

A: What’s your hobby?
B: I paint landscapes.
first medal.
A: How long have you been painting landscapes?
That's the shop where I bought the postcards
B: |'ve been painting landscapes since1996. etc
I sent you.
Tom wants to know the reason why Jenny
I went to France last summer.
can’t ioin us at the theatre.
I’ve been working here since August.
The local greengrocer's where we used to do
I’ve known John for a long time.
our shopping closed down last year.
I watched a horror film last Friday.
I often think of the time when| used to live in
I have been in Spain fora week.
South America.
I stayed in the hotel for three days.
’0
 Suggested Answers Section

l have been playing the guitar since 1998. The people in my town are friendlier than the
I haven't seen Tony for three months. people in London.
' I went to a party last night.
I broke my arm two weeks ago. 5 2 She wasn't hungry because she had just eaten.
3 They were tired because they hadn't slept.
T l b) B: It’s on the cabinet next to the sofa. Where is 4 I went to the bank because I had lost my credit
the painting? card.
A: It’s on the wall near the fireplace. Where is 5 The little girl was afraid of aeroplanes because
the window? she hadn't flown before.
B: It is behind the sofa, opposite the pouffe. 6 Tom didn't go to the party because he had had
Where are the cushions? an accident.
: They are on the sofa. Where is the fireplace?
05>

: It's opposite the armchair. Where's the 6 2 She was exhausted because she had been
armchair? dancing all night.
A: It's opposite the fireplace, next to the 3 His eyes were red because he had been
cabinet. reading all night.
4 Rita's knee was sore because she had been
riding her bike for miles.
5 John was tanned because he had been
C Grammar — Unit 4 J sunbathing for days.
(5 She was upset because she had been arguing
page 86
with her best friend.
2 Joe is the oldest of all.
Elizabeth is older than Amy. 8 l The old woman was happy because she had
Amy has got longer hair than Elizabeth. won the lottery.
Elizabeth is more smartly dressed than Amy. 2 Tony went to bed late because he had been out
David is more smartly dressed than Joe. with friends.
Amy and Joe more casually dressed than Joe or 3 The teacher was tired because she had worked
Elizabeth. all evening correcting tests.
Alex's hair is as fair as Amy's (is). 4 The boy was crying because he had sprained
Elizabeth has got shorter hair than Amy. his ankle.
5 The dog was hungry because it hadn’t eaten
page 87 anything for days.
6 The man had an accident because he had fallen
32A: The Hilton is more expensive than the Ritz. asleep while driving.
7 Jessica couldn’t find her hat because she had
B: Really? I think that the Ritz is the most
expensive hotel in New York. forgotten where she had put it.

3 A: Dumb anal Dumber is funnier than liar liar. page 88

B: Really? I think that liar liar is the funniest film
I've ever seen. 9 She had been travelling for four hours before she
' Pandas are cuter than koalas.
reached Paris.
Really? I think that koalas are the cutest She had been giving a radio interview for an hour
animals in the world.
and a half before she left for the theatre.
She had been talking to her agent for an hour and
: Porsches are faster than Ferraris. a half before she agreed to sign a new contract.
Really? I think that Ferraris are the fastest She had been shopping for two and a half hours
cars ever made. before she went to a dress rehearsal.
Brave New Wor/a’ is the most interesting She had been resting for three hours before she
book ever written. performed in front of an audience.
B: Really? I think that 1984 is the most She had been signing autographs for two hours
interesting book ever written. before she gave a press conference.

It is warmer in my town than in London. 10 A cook needs a knife to chop up vegetables and
There are more attractive buildings in London than meat.
in my town. A cook needs scales to weigh flour and sugar.
There aren't as many shopping centres in my town A scientist needs a microscope to examine
as in London. bacteria.
There aren't as many restaurants in my town as in A scientist needs test tubes to do experiments.
London, but they are cheaper and quieter. A scientist needs a computer to record their
research.
Suggested Answers Section

ll 0) Jim will take his camera with him so that he can 5 A: Is there any Cola left?
take some photographs. B: Just one can.
Jim will take his skis with him in case he wants
o A: ls there any flour left?
to go skiing.
B: Just one packet.
Jim will take sunscreen with him so that he
doesn't get sunburnt. etc 7 A: Is there any yogurt left?
B: Just one tub.
b) Ted took his camera with him in case he wanted
to take photographs. page 95
Ted took his skis with him in case he wanted to
go waterskiing. 8 2 A: Do we need any water?
Ted took sunscreen with him so that he wouldn’t B: Yes, we do. There’s only a little left.
get sunburnt. A: How much do we need?
B: I think a bottle will be enough.
3 A: Do we need any tea?
Grammar — Unit 5 ) B: Yes, we do. There’s only a little left.
page 93 A: How much do we need?
B: I think a packet will be enough.
: Will you play tennis later? 4 A: Do we need any sugar?
I’m sure I will. B: Yes, we do. There's only a little left.
: Will you go shopping this afternoon? A: How much do we need?
I hope l will. B: I think a kilo will be enough.
: Will you watch the thriller on Saturday? 5 A: Do we need any iam?
I don’t think I will. B: Yes, we do. There’s only a little left.
A: How much do we need?
: Will you be at John's party tonight? B: I think a jar will be enough.
I won’t be able to.
: Will you remember to wash the car? <5 A: Do we need any orange juice?
I'm sure I will. B: Yes, we do. There’s only a little left.
A: How much do we need?
: When are you going to phone the clients? B: I think a carton will be enough.
I'll phone them after I've finished this report.
If you don’t go to bed early, you’ll be tired in the
: When are you going to print that document? morning. (conditional type l )
I’ll print it after I've sent this e-mail. If you freeze water, it becomes ice. (conditional
type Oi
When are you going to post these bills?
I'll post them after I've tidied my desk. If you miss the train, you’ll be late for work.
(conditional type i )
:When are you going to put those files lf you don’t eat breakfast, you'll be hungry later.
away? (conditional type T)
‘ Pr"

I’ll put them away after I've made some If you put salt in your coffee, it tastes/will taste
phone calls. awful. (conditional type 0 / ”
A: When are you going to go to lunch?
If you don't water plants, they die/will die.
(conditional type 0 / ”
B: I’ll go to lunch when I've done all my work.
If you go to the party, you’ll have fun.
(conditional type T)
page 94
If you leave ice cream in the sun, it melts/will
melt. (conditional type O / l )
5 a) A: Is Mr Parker having lunch with his new boss
on Tuesday?
If you don’t study hard, you won't pass your
exams. (conditional type 1)
B: No, he's discussing a new protect. etc
10 . she’ll live in a flat.
72A: Is there any chocolate left? 2 If she lives in a flat, she won't have a garden.
B: Just one bar. : If she doesn't have a garden, she'll be unhappy.
lf she is unhappy, she'll move back to the
3 A: Is there any (am left? countryside.
B: Just one (or.
4 A: Is there any vinegar left?
B: Just one bottle.
 Suggested Answers Section

132 If I find a job, I'll buy a car. 0 He enjoys taking long walks in the country on
When I find a iob, I'll buy a car. Sundays.
I won’t buy a car unless I find a job.
If I pass the exams, I'll get a certificate. page 102
When I pass the exams, I’ll get a certificate.
I won't get a certificate unless I pass the exams. 8 0 You mustn't cook in your room.
If I save some money, I'll go on holiday. You mustn't have parties after 7 pm.
When I save some money, I'll go on holiday. You must turn off the lights when you leave your
I won't go on holiday unless l save some money. room.
If I get my degree, l’ll become a doctor. You must pay the rent on time.
When I get my degree, I'll become a doctor. You must respect other guests.
I won’t become a doctor unless l get my degree. You must keep the bathroom clean at all times.
If I need you, I'll call you.
When I need you, I’ll call you. 10 0 We have to make sure that the campfire is put

Gotham—I
I won't call you unless l need you. out before we go to sleep.
We don't have to wake up very early.
C We have to keep the campsite clean.
Grammar - Unit 6 ) We don't have to do any cooking.
page 10] ll You have to/ must get a visa.
You mustn’t drink the tap water.
4 b) Donna has always loved painting, ever since You don't have to book a hotel in advance.
she was a child. She began taking painting You don’t have to hire a local guide.
lessons five years ago and now she is planning You have to/must get a vaccination.
to become a professional artist. She is looking You have to/ must respect the local customs and
forward to having her own studio and she traditions.
hopes to be famous some day. 0 You mustn’t travel around without your passport.
I expect to hear from my brother soon. page 103
It’s difficult to play the piano.
He seems to have lost his keys. l 2 A: Can we eat during lessons?
She hasn’t got enough sugar to make a cake. B: No, we can’t. We have to behave ourselves.
I dislike watching sports on TV.
You may use my computer. Can we play computer games during lessons?
I'm happy to hear that you're doing well. No, we can't. We have to concentrate.
They decided to paint their house. : Can we use mobile phones at school?
She promised to ring me at ten o'clock. No, we can't.We have to turn off our mobile
We have considered hiring a caterer for the phones when we're in class.
party.
It's no use talking to Brian — he won’t listen to : Can we write in pencil?
you. No, we can't. We have to write in ink.
I can't stand eating fish. : Can we use a calculator?
I'm afraid to stay at home alone at night. N o , w e c a n ’ t . We h a v e to make our o w n
He refused to park his car somewhere else. calculations when we’re taking a Maths test.
Do you fancy eating Mexican food tonight?
I agreed to drive her to the airport. 13 You must
He would prefer to leave early. You mustn't/can’t
I can't help feeling sad about the news. You don't have to
It's no good taking an aspirin for your toothache. You can, you must/have to
You need to go to the dentist. you mustn’t/can’t
You must/ have to
He wants to open a gallery in london.
He’ll always remember meeting his favourite t o
[\J

In a doctor's waiting-room. You mustn’t/can't

photographer when he was a child. smoke.
He loves travelling all over the world taking 3 At a supermarket.You must/have to pay in
photos. cash.
He hopes to own a house in the south of France 4 On a restaurant menu.You needn’t/don’t have
one day. to tip for service.
He can't stand living in the city. 5 In a hotel.You mustn't/can't take your pet with
He finds it difficult to meet new people. you.
 Suggested Answers Section

page 104 9 Coastal areas were polluted by the oil spill.

Plant life is being destroyed by acid rain.
18 a) He must be a businessman. The whole planet is (being) threatened by global
He can't be a student. warming.
He must have finished work. The atmosphere is less contaminated by unleaded
He must be talking to a friend. petrol than ordinary petrol.
He must be going home. Air pollution is caused by exhaust fumes.
Global warming is caused by greenhouse gases.
They must be friends.
They can't be students.
They must be having a good time.
They must be in the park.
C
Grammar — Unit 8 D
They must have been jogging for two hours.
They can't have had lunch yet. page 115
bi : He looks quite old, doesn't he?
He must be at school.
He can’t be at home. Yes, he does.
He must be working hard. : He's a happy person, isn’t he?
He can't be playing. etc Yes, he is.
: His name is Stanley, isn't it?
He must be a student.
Yes, it is.
He must be happy.
He can’t be working. : She's a musician, isn’t she?
He can't be at school. etc Yes, she is.
: She plays a musical instrument, doesn't she?
Yes, she does.
: She isn't very old, is she?
C Grammar — Unit 7 ) No, she isn’t.
: She looks very serious, doesn’t she?
page 108
Yes, she does.
4 Her name is Debbie, isn’t it?
The rubbish hasn't been collected yet.
Yes, it is.
The bin hasn't been emptied yet.
The trees are being cut down.
(0100—0

travelling.
The forest will be cleared by next week.
The flowers are grown in her (own) garden. etc Does he? He can play the piano.
: Can he? He has got two cats and a dog.
My bike was stolen yesterday. Has he? He Went to the theatre yesterday.
I have been invited to a party. : Did he? He went to Spain on holiday last
His car was being repaired.
summer.
B: Did he?
No. Hopefully, we will be told soon.
It was built in 1826.
Pete said (that) he had met lots of interesting
Nearly.It is being typed at the moment.
Yes, he was arrested last night.
people.
Anne told him (that) she wanted to know what she
Great! | was/have been given a promotion.
could do to help.
lan told him (that) they were opening a new shelter
page 109
the following month.
Carl said (that) he liked helping people in need.
8 b) SA: They were hunted for food and for
yvhalebone. What was whalebone used
page 116
or?
SS: It was used to make women's clothing.
9 She says (that) she works/worked with a team of
How many blue whales were killed in
1930?
twenty-four doctors and assistants. She said (that)
they fly/flew all over the world to any place where
SO: Thirty thousand. is commercial whaling
sick people need/needed help. She said (that) they
allowed today?
were/had been in Rwanda last year/the previous
57: No, it isn't. it is banned. What is thought
year. They stayed/had stayed for three months,
about the future of the blue whale?
then they left/had left for India. They have
88: It is hoped that thousands will be seen in
been/had been in India for thirteen months. She
the future.
said (that) next week/the following week they
are/were going to Nigeria.

174
 Suggested Answers Section

11 a) 3 Mark used to go climbing. b) water the plants I

4 Fred didn't use to live in a flat. hand in my essay X
5 Mary used to have short blonde hair. feed the cat I
6 Roy didn't use to go to bed late. post letters I
wash the car X
bl I didn’t use to help my mother around the house.
1 used to watch cartoons on TV. I told my friend to water the plants. etc
| used to play with my younger sister.
I didn't use to do any homework. 6 1 "Why do you want to be a teacher?"
2 ”Stop talking!”
3 "Manchester United is the best football team in
. the world.”
C Grammar — Ul‘lll' 9 D ”Why are you late for work?”
”I'm going to ioin a gym.”
page 119
"Have you got a driver's licence?"
”Can I borrow your dictionary?”
2 bl How old is the car?
What colour is the car?
8 How strange/silly/etc she looks!
What is the price of the car?
What condition is the car in?
Doesn't she look strange/silly/etcl
She looks so strange/silly/etc!
Cl
I asked him how old the car W05. How peaceful/beautiful/etc it is!
I asked him what colour the car was. Isn't it peaceful/beautiful/etcl
| asked him what the price of the car was. It looks so peaceful!
i asked him what condition the car was in.

3 Tidy your room.

Drink your milk. C Grammar — Unit 10 )
Do your homework.
page 126
Listen to the teacher.
(30 to bed.
Don't touch the wire.
8 B | wish I had called my best friend on her
birthday.
Don’t play with matches.
If only I had called my best friend on her
Turn off the CD player.
birthday, I wouldn’t feel terrible about it now.
Don't speak so fast.
Drive carefully. C
| wish I hadn’t bought a very expensive leather
jacket.
page 120
lf only I hadn’t bought a very expensive leather
jacket, I would have money to pay the rent.
4 Angela asked Lynn what the weather was like in
New York.
D | wish I were happy with my present iob.
Angela asked Lynn if she needed to bring warm If only I were happy with my present job, I
clothes with her.
wouldn’t have to find a better one.
Angela asked Lynn how much money she would
need LO exchange/she ShOUId. exchange. 9 32: he wouldn't have found a purse in the
Angela asked Lynn If her mobile phone would work road
over there. . . S3: If he hadn't found a purse in the road, he
Angela asked Lynn If there was anything she ld , h k . h l' .
needed from England. wou nt ave ta en It to t e po Ice station.
S4: If he hadn't taken it to the polIce station, the
police wouldn't have been able to find the
5 0) She told him not to cut the grass. name and phone number of the owner.
She told him to buy his mum a birthday present. 55
: If the police hadn't been able to find the name
She told him to change his dentist's appointment. and phone number of the owner, the owner
She told him not to do the ironing. wouldn't have offered Jim a generous reward
She told him to pay the electricity bill.
for his good deed.
She told him not to let the dog sit on the sofa.
She told him not to cancel the milk.

175
 Suggested Answers Section

page 127

12 All of them are making salad.

Both the women are blonde.
Neither the women nor the man are wearing a
chef's hat.
Both of the women are smiling.
None of them/Neither the women nor the man
have set the table.
None of them will be eating at a restaurant tonight;

i6
 Tapescripf section

Man: The next thing I knew we'd crashed

and there was smoke and flames
Ex. 21 (p. 8) ' everywhere.
IntervieWer: So how did you manage to escape?
Kate: Being a vet is very rewarding, don't you think, Man: It was just instinct, really. l saw a way
Mike? out through the smoke and I took it.
Mike: Most of the time, but it can be really tiring
being a country vet. Some of my customers call 2 Woman: Well, you can imagine how
me out at all hours of the day and night! terrified l was when I realised we’d
Kate: Well, that’s understandable. I mean for farmers, sailed into the Bermuda Triangle —
their cattle and sheep are their livelihood, and then when we ran into a storm —
aren't they? well, that was it. I was sure we'd
Mike: Yes, but I cover a wide area and sometimes I never get out of there alive! What?
have to drive for miles only to find there's Oh, yes, we had life jackets and the
nothing wrong with the animal that couldn’t radio was working okay, but that’s not
wait until morning! much comfort when 50-foot waves are
Kate: I suppose I'm lucky I have a permanent position crashing down on you! Stephen? Oh,
at the 200. | work shifts, so I'm not on call he was just as scored as lwas! He
twenty-four hours a day. really knows how to handle the boat,
Mike: Your job must have its drawbacks, though .'.. though.If it weren’t for him, we’d
Kate: Of course. For one thing, quite a lot of the probably be at the bottom of the
animals I work with can be quite dangerous at ocean now!
the best of times and they get even more
aggressive when they're ill. 3 Man: In the event of an earthquake, you
Mike: Don't you have an assistant? should never run outside. If you're
Kate: Yes, but it’s usually only a trainee vet, so they indoors — stay indoors!
aren't always that much help. In fact, I often Woman: But it's human nature to want to get
end up having to look after them as well as the outside. The last thing anyone wants
animals! What about you? is to be trapped under a load of
Mike: Well i don’t really need an assistant, because rubble!
the farmers always help me out. They don't
expect me to do everything myself and I can Man: Yes, but you have far more chance of
rely on them, because they've all had as much being killed on the staircase of a tall
experience handling animals as I have. building. There are several places
Kate: You sound like you have a very good inside your home or office where you
relationship with your clients. can shelter.
Mike: Yes, most of them have become very good Woman: Such as?
friends. Man: Well, under a solid wooden table or
Kate: That's nice; to be such an important part of a bed, or you could stand under the
community must be rewarding.I almost envy arch of a doorway. All of those will
you. protect you from falling rubble.
Mike: Yes, you're right; my job is rewarding after all. Woman: Maybe you're right — but I still think I'd
Thanks. rather take my chances and get
Kate: For what? outside.
Mike: For making me realise that.
4 Woman: Well, I was terrified at the time, of
course. After all, no one expected the
river to burst its banks! The town
became flooded so quickly that we
Ex. l b (p. 14) barely had time to save ourselves, let
alone any of our belongings! The
l IntervieWer: So, can you tell us what happened? house quickly filled up with water so
Man: Not really. I don't remember much all we could do was climb on to the
about what happened. I just roof and wait to be rescued. Of
remember hearing a terrible noise course we lost everything and the
from the engines and then the pilot house is uninhabitable; but, now it's
announced that we would have to all over, we're just glad that we’re still
make an emergency landing. here!
Interviewer: And then what happened?

177
 Tapescripf section

September, and experience the sights, sounds and

smells of a medieval village. You can see the daily
Ex. 20 (p. 20) life of craftsmen and meet many of the people who
once lived in the castle, including a court jester and
Speaker 1 (man) a ratcatcher. The excitement increases at the
I hate preparing for journeys and I always leave my weekend when, in the evening, you can watch brave
packing to the last minute. For example, last year I knights fighting on horseback dressed in traditional
started packing only an hour before we had to leave for costume. You must book for this event, however.
the airport. What a disaster!It took me an hour and a On 7th and 8th July, we have the Grand Summer
half to pack, then l got stuck in a traffic jam on the way Concert with fireworks — a summer’s evening of
.. and once at the airport I realised I'd left my wallet beautiful music from the world famous Philharmonic
with all my money at home! Orchestra followed by a spectacular firework display
set in the castle grounds.
Speaker 2 (woman) Tickets for the evening events must be bought in
My problem is that, when I travel, I worry that if I advance. All daytime events are included in the
don't take something,I'll need it, so | always take too admission price of 2 ! 5. The castle is open every day
many things that most of the time I never use. This year, except Christmas Day from ) 0 am to 6 pm. Parking
when we went on holiday to Majorca, I had three at the castle is no problem as there are over 300
suitcases. The airline charged me for being over the parking spaces available. We recommend that you
limit! My husband couldn't believe it. He said to me, allow at least 3V2 hours to enjoy the castle and
”Did you remember to bring the kitchen sink as well?” grounds.
For tickets to evening events call our ticket line on
Speaker 3 (woman) 0870 442 2008.
When I go on holiday I never seem to have enough
money to see me through to the end. For one thing, I
always spend too much money in the duty-free shop at
the airport.I just can't resist! This year I spent so much
before we'd even left the airport that I didn’t have Ex. 20 (p. 31)
enough left to enjoy my holiday and pay for the hotel.I
had to borrow from my friends! Speaker 1 - Kaye
I always try to include plenty of fresh fruit and
Speaker 4 (man) vegetables in my diet — organic, if possible. lalso
I hate planning journeys in advance.I like to leave take multi-vitamin tablets every day just in case I miss
everything to chance, but sometimes things can go something. l hardly ever get ill. I think that if you want
horribly wrong. Like the time when I went to stay in a to be healthy you have to pay attention to what you
tiny village in Scotland called Glendoe, and they only eat.
had one guesthouse, which was full. Luckily I had my
tent with me, but it wasn't very nice camping out in the Speaker 2 - J o e
snow in the middle of the Scottish Highlands,I can tell I have a fried breakfast every morning — the full
you. works. It keeps me going till I get home at around5
o'clock, when lusually have fish and chips or pie
and chips for my tea. You shouldn’t believe
everything these ”health" magazines tell you. There's
nothing wrong with me and | feel great!
Ex. ) 8 (p. 25)
Speaker 3 — Sarah
Woman I used to eat three large meals every day, plus
If you are interested in history and like a good snacks and sugary drinks in between. And| used to
time, then you need to know about the special events wonder why I was overweight! I never seemed to
that Warwick Castle has organised for you this year. have much energy, either. Since I changed my ways
From medieval festivals to candle-lit tours of the castle I feel great. Cutting down on the amount of fat you
and grounds, we have something for all the family to eat and following a healthy eating plan doesn't mean
enjoy. that you have to go hungry. I still eat three meals a
The year begins in February when, to mark the day, but light ones, and| only ever snack on fruit.
100th anniversary of Queen Victoria’s death, the
Great Hall houses an exhibition of photographs taken Speaker 4 — Alan
at Warwick Castle during Victoria's reign. The My mother is always trying to make me eat things
exhibition runs throughout the whole of February like carrots or spinach. Yuck! I mean, they're
except for the 17th and 25th. completely tasteless, aren’t they? ! can't stand them.
Join us this summer, from 12th May until 9th Now, give me a burger any day. They're far tastier

’8
 Tapescript section

and much more filling. I keep telling her, I’m a Speaker 2

growing lad and l need proper meals, not rabbit In 2050, many people will have to wear masks to
food, but she won't listen! help them to breathe because the air will be very
badly polluted and many people will have asthma.
All the rivers and seas will have become polluted and
people will have to pay thousands of pounds for a
few glasses of clean drinking water.
Ex. 23 lp. 39)
Speaker 3
Laura: Can art that has been painted using a i think that by 2050 our lives will be much better.
computer really be described as art? People will have learned to live peacefully with their
Max: Well, it really depends on what you mean neighbours and everyone will have a home and
by 'art’. We call photography an art form, enough food to eat because no one will be greedy
so w h y not computerised pictures? any more. The world will become the paradise that
Laura: But what’s so great about computer art? we dream about.
Max: Well, the main advantage of painting with a
computer is you don’t have to get the picture Speaker 4
right the first time. By 2050 we will have invented a pollution sucking
Laura: Can you explain what you mean? machine to get rid of all the poisonous gases and
Max: Well for example, if you paint a picture fumes in the air. New forms of fuel that won't harm
using oil-based paints and you make a the environment will have been discovered to replace
mistake, you can't really go over it. But, with the fossil fuels that are running out. The earth will be
a computer, changes can be made as often much cleaner and almost pollution-free.
as you like without having to start all over
again.
Laura: Yes, but can you honestly say computer art
requires the same level of skills as
conventional art? Ex. 2 0 (p. 52)
Max: it certainly requires skill — maybe a different
kind of skill, but you still need to be creative. James: Hello, Lisa! Fancy meeting you here.
Laura: ls computer art worth a lot of money? Lisa: Hi, James.Hello, Sarah. How are you — or is
Max: Well, some paintings have been sold for that a silly question?
thousands of pounds, but it's not valued as James: Well, I’m not too good. I've had a pain in my
much as traditional art yet However, back for the past two weeks.
these paintings cost a lot of money to Lisa: Oh, no! Did you fall or something?
produce, because it takes many hours of James: No, but I think I pulled a muscle when l was
work and we use special light-resistant, long- fixing the car last weekend. It’s been getting
lasting ink that's very expensive. So not worse and worse and now I can hardly move.
everyone can afford to point this way. Sarah had to give me a lift down here.
Laura: So it's still a specialised art form, then? Lisa: That was nice of you, Sarah.
Max: Definitely, but l'm sure it will catch on in the Sarah: Well, actually,I had an appointment today
near future.It always takes time for people anyway.
to get used to new ideas. Lisa: Oh dear! What's wrong with you?
Laura: Well, l wish you luck with Sarah: Well, l’ve had earache for the past couple of
days.I think i might have an infection.
Lisa: l know what’s good for earache. You should
pour warm olive oil into your ear.
Sarah: Ugh!It sounds a bit messy.
Ex. 1 7 (p. 45) Lisa: It is, but it really works. Try it!
James: So, what are you doing here, Lisa? I didn’t
Speaker 1 know you were one of Dr Michaels' patients.
I think that by the year 2050 many people will Lisa: Well, actually, l'm not. The thing is, We been
have moved to outer space to live because our planet feeling run down for ages, and my doctor
will have become so overcrowded. Those who doesn't know what's wrong with me, so i
decide to stay on planet Earth will live in the decided to visit Dr Michaels and see what he
mountains, under the sea and in the countryside to thought.
get away from the pollution. James:| see. Have you seen him yet?
Lisa: Yes. He ran a few tests and now I'm iust
waiting for the results.

179
Suggested Answers Section

Sarah: He's a very good doctor. He always seems to Valerie: And now for our last caller, Nadia from
know exactly what's wrong with you and he's Preston. Hello. What can I do for you?
very friendly. Nadia: Hello. I'm having problems with my little
James: Well, that's good news. I’m a bit scared of sister. I have to share a room with her and
doctors, to be honest. she's really untidy. She leaves clothes and
Sarah: There's no need to be scared. I've been a toys all over the floor. It’s awful. I’ve tried
patient of Dr Michaels’ since I was six years talking to her about it but she won't listen.
old and I've never had any problems with him. Valerie: Perhaps if you spoke to your sister again
James: Oh, I know he's a good doctor. Perhaps it's just about how you feel, she might change her
the white coat that scares me! ways. Maybe if you offered to lend her your
Lisa: You are silly, James! clothes on the condition that she keeps the
room tidy, it might help. Try to be friends
with her instead of making her feel like she's
just a nuisance.Good luck.
Nadia: Thank you. Bye.
Ex. I 3 (p. 58) Valerie: Goodbye that's all for today on Teen Talk

Valerie: Good afternoon, listeners, and welcome to

'Teen Talk’, the phone-in Chat Show for
teenagers and our first caller is Alison.
Hello, Alison
Alison: Hello. I'm ringing because my parents Ex.17 (p.64)
criticise me all the time. They don’t like my
hair, my friends, my clothes or the music that Amy: What would you say the most important
I listen to what can I do? invention of the 20th century was, Mark?
Valerie: Well, if I were you, I would try to sit down Mark: Hmm. I'd have to say the Internet.
with them and tell them how I felt. But you Amy: Oh. Why?
must be prepared to listen to their point of Mark: Well, it’s iust so easy to do research these
view, too. Remember that they still care days. You can learn about any subiect on the
about you, even if they do come across as net. Why, what do you think the most
old-fashioned. important invention of the 20th century was?
Pause Amy: I think it was the aeroplane. It’s so much more
Valerie: Now for our next caller, Beatrice from convenient and much quicker to get from one
Burnley. Hello place to another than it used to be.
Beatrice: Hello. I wonder if you can give me some Simon: Well, I disagree with both of you. The
advice. Some girls are bullying me at computer was definitely the best thing to
school. They make fun of me because I come out of the last century.Computers have
wear glasses and they call me names made my iob a hundred times easier. I think
because I get good marks at school I most people would say the same.
don't know what to do. I’m beginning to Mark: Well, the Internet makes a lot of people's jobs
hate going to school. easier, too.
Valerie: Well, Beatrice, if I were you, I would try not Simon: Yes, but you wouldn't have the Internet if you
to let these bullies upset me so much.That's didn’t have computers,would you? 80
where they get their enioyment. If you don't computers are more important.
get annoyed when they make fun of you, Mark: Oh, OK, you win! What do you think, Jane?
they’ll soon get bored. It always happens. Jane: Well, I think CDs are really great. If it wasn't
Beatrice: Well I’ll try.Thanks for your advice. for that particular invention, my music
Valerie: Bye. And now for our next caller, Eric from collection would fill my entire house! It's
Blackpool. amazing to think that hours of music can be
Eric: Hello I've got lots of exams coming up kept on such tiny discs.
and I'm so worried about getting good : Yes, CDs are useful, but they're not really as
grades that I can't study. I iust wish that I important as computers or planes. What’s
didn’t have so much work to do. your opinion, Toby?
Valerie: First of all, Eric, you should make sure that Toby: You all know what I think. Spaceships are the
you get plenty of rest and eat properly. A greatest invention ever, because we can
study plan would help too. Give yourself explore space and find out more about our
plenty of breaks in between your study universe.
periods but above all, stop worrying. Jane: Now you’ll tell me you want to be an
That's not going to help you at all. astronaut!
Pause Toby: Don't laugh, but it’s always been a dream of
mine!
 KON3
Click on 3‘ is a modular secondarydevel course for young
learners. The series combines active English learning with a
variety of lively topics presented in themed units.
Key Features
five modules of two units each
realistic, stimulating dialogues featuring people in-
everyday situations
development of vocabulary and grammar skills
through interactive tasks
clear presentation and thorough practice of the
target language
carefully controlled dialogues for learners to
reproduce
wide variety of listening practice
writing sections containing models and project work
variety of stimulating and interesting texts
pronunciation sections, games and songs
regular module self-assessment sections
a story in ten episodes giving learners the chance
to have tun while learning
a special section on British and American culture
fully dramatised audio CD5
0 Full-colour Workbook with a separate grammar
section

Components

Student's Book
Teacher's Book
Workbook (Student's)
Workbook (Teacher's)
Test Booklet 7-i‘.‘
437““
.j i".
Class Audio CDs ‘
Student's Audio CD ExpressPublishing