INTRODUCTION TO LITERATURE

ANALYZING POEMS

TBI 4C

Member of Group 6:

1. Bunga Nabila Sukran (2011230068 ) Units of meaning & Third Layer

Lecturer :

Andriadi. M.Pd

DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH EDUCATION

TARBIYAH AND TADRIS FACULTY

ISLAMIC UNIVERSITY OF BENGKULU

2021/2022

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 PREFACE

Alhamdulillah , all praise are bestowed on the presence of Allah SWT, which has given us
abundant pleasure. Our blessings and greetings may remain devoted to Allah SWT the prophet
Muhammad SAW for his temperament, we are still in the taechings of Islam.

In making Reading and Analizyng in which presented about the understanding and overall
objectives of thus paper, in addition to knowing the meaning is also useful for developing
instititution and the goals of the institution itself.

Thank you to our supporting lecturer, Mr. Andriadi, M.Pd. who have entrusted the making
of this paper, thank God we have finished it well, in the making of this paper, we also got a lot of
obstacle because of our limited knowledge as well as minimal book facilities, then if there is a
wrong word or in writing this paper we really want criticism and advices from the lecturer and
also from firends, hopefully this paper can be useful for writers and generally for readers.

Bengkulu,May 20, 2022

Author

TABLE OF CONTENTS

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COVER

PREFERENCE..............................................................................................................................ii

CONTENTS .................................................................................................................................iii

CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION..................................................................................................1

A.Background .....................................................................................................................1

B.Problem Formulation........................................................................................................1

C.Purpose Of The paper.......................................................................................................1

CHAPTER II DISCUSSION........................................................................................................2

A. Introduction Of Poem......................................................................................................2

B. Sound Stratum.................................................................................................................3

C. Units of meaning............................................................................................................4
D. Third Layer Units Of Meaning......................................................................................5
E. Fourth Layer (lapisan Dunia) ........................................................................................6
F. Fifty Layer (lapisan Metafisi) .......................................................................................6

CHAPTER III CLOSING.............................................................................................................8

A.Conclusion........................................................................... ...........................................8

B.Suggestion........................................................................................................................8

REFERENCES...............................................................................................................................9

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 CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

A. Background

Literature is a form and product of work and creative art whose object it is to be a man
and his life by using language as his medium. As if using a human and every facet of his life, he
does not want to forget a medium to convey ideas, theories, or thought systems, but also the
media to host human ideas, theories, or thinking systems. As karyakreative, literature must be
able to beget a beautiful creation and strive to fuel the needs of human beauty. Additionally,
literature would have to be capable of serving asa container of thought and felt for thought and
experience by literature on the life of the people. Literary works in general can be differentiated
into three: poetry, prose, and drama. Some scholars formulating the notion of poetry use a variety
of approaches. The slamet mulyana (1956) limits poetry by using a psychoolinguistic approach,
since it is a work of art that deals not only with language but also with the problem of the soul.
The slamet mulyana approach concluded that poetry is the synthesis of various language events
that have been fragmented as pure and various processes of the soul searching for the nature of
its experience, composed with a corresponding correspondence system of one form.

B. Problem Formulation

1. How to analyze poetry using Strata Normal Roman ?

C. Purpose of the paper

1. To know how to analyze poetry with the strata normal roman

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 CHAPTER II

DISCUSSION

A. Introduction of poem

Poetry is a literary form that USES beautiful words and is rich in meaning. The
beauty of a poem is due to the diction, majas, rhyme and rhythm contained in the
literature. As for the richness of meaning contained in poetry because of the stupension of
all the elements of language (kosasah, 2012:97). Poetry is a literary work that reveals a
poet's thoughts and feelings imaginative and composed by concentrating all the power of
language and his physical and inner structures (waluyo, 1987:25), whereas according to
Herbert spencer the understanding of poetry is an emotional form of pronouncing ideas in
the light of beauty.
It can thus be concluded that poetry is a literary form that reveals a poet's thoughts and
feelings objectively by using beautiful words and rich meanings by concentrating all the
strength of language by the emotional concentration of his physical and inner structures
and by carefully reflecting beauty.
As a unique and colorful work of literature, poetry is made up of complex
languages, so it needs to be analyzed to fully understand it (pradopo, 1990: 13).
Hasanuddin says there are five Strata Normal Roman ingarden in the study of a poem.
Among other things, these norms; (1) sound layer; (2) curvature meaning; (3) third layer;
(4) fourth layer; And (5) fifth layer. The five Normal Strata of Roman ingarden do not set
themselves apart, but one norms that led to another. The Normal Strata Roman that has
these five layers of strata analyzes poetry in detail, so that the layer of poetry being
analyzed will be more systematic and easier to understand, the poem being studied using
this theory will be more readily underdeveloped because the lining explains the poem's
usually difficult element in detail.

Here is an analysis of the poem "how do I love thee" by Elizabeth Barrett

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 “How Do I Love Thee”
I love thee to the depth and breadth and height
My soul can reach, when feeling out of sight
For the ends of Being and ideal Grace
I love thee to the level of everyday's
Most quiet need, by sun and candle-light.
I love thee freely, as men strive for Right;
I love thee purely, as they turn from Praise.
I love thee with the passion put to use
In my old griefs, and with my childhood's faith
I love thee with a love I seem to love
With my lost saints, - I love thee with the breath,
Smiles, tears, of all my life! - and, if God choose,
I shall but love thee better after death.

B. Sound Stratum
The poem how do I love thee by Elizabeth Barrett has 14 lines which divide into
octave and statet with rhyme sceheme abab and cdcdcd, with an emotionally inclined
tone.
I love thee to the depth and breadth and height
My soul can reach, when feeling out of sight
For the ends of Being and ideal Grace
I love thee to the level of everyday's
Most quiet need, by sun and candle-light.
I love thee freely, as men strive for Right;
I love thee purely, as they turn from Praise.

In the poem "how do I love thee" by Elizabeth Barrett Browning, this layer of sound used was
alliteration and insurance. It is a repetition of the consonant sound of the successive words for
the effects of the settling of the sound, the repetition of the consonant in the poem "how do I love
thee" that is /c/, /d/, /f/, /g/, /h/, /l/, /m/, /n/, /p/, /r/, s/, /t/, /v/, /y/, /q/ In the letter /c/ found in the
word candle, can, reach, grace. The letter /d/ found in the word breadth, and, depth, ends, ideal.

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Alliteration letter /f/ also found in words from, for, of. And in the alliteration there was in the
word right, light, sight, height, being, grace. Pada Aliterasi huruf /h/ Found in the word the, thee,
right, height, when. Alliteration /l/ It also appears in words purely, love, freely, feeling,
ideal,candle, light. Alliteration letter /m/ loo at the words from, men, mysoul, most. Furthermore,
the alliteration of the letter /n/ appears in the word candle, can, sun, and, ends, need. Alliteration
letter /p/ on the words praise, purely. Alliteration letter /r/ on the words right, praise, from, strive,
for. then literacy on the letter /s/ praise, sun, ends, everyday’s, sight, soul. Last letter
Alliteration /t/ obtained from the word right, strive, turn, depth, sight, height, right, light, quiet,
breadht.

while assonance is the repetition of vowel sounds in a series of words. The alliteration
used is consonant sound, while the assonance that appears to be used repeatedly in the poem is
vowel sound /a/, /i/, /u/, /e/ dan /o/. The poem above uses beautiful words and makes the poem
look beautiful and attractive with the repetition of the vowel sound. Assonance /a/ that appears in
the word breadth, reach, ideal, grance, everyday’s, candle, praise. Continued on Assonance /i/
looks at the word queit, praise, ideal, being, height, striveThen the assonance on the letter /i/ is
feeling, everyday’s, level, freely, need, queit, love, purely, they, praise, ideal, men, ends, being,
depth, breadth, height, reach, candle, strive. Then the letter assonance /u/ in the words purely,
turn, sun, soul, out. And then the letter assonance /o/ soul, out, for, love, to, of, from, most.

C. Units of Meaning

Units of meaning is phonemies, syllables, words, phrases, and sentences. All of them are
sense units. The set of sentences is aline, chapter, and the whole story or the whole rhyme
(pradopo, 2012:15). It needs special tools to understand poetry because it is a structure of
elements or layers of norms. That's why poetry needs to be analyzed and interpreted. Poetry also
implies something more than what it implies. In addition, poetry saves' a world 'that is poured
through meaningful language symbols (susilastri, d. (2020). Poetry is of the literary genres which
expresses the feelings and ideas. The sentences and the words in the poetry has a lot of meaning,
and the meaning in the poetry is depth. The balance between mind and feeling is most important
to understand and to analyzing a poetry. The mind (logic) which to analyse the word and the
sentence, the feeling (emotion) to understanding the meaning in a poetry. It is same like the
balance from the left brain and the right brain (HURSEPUNY, R. V. (2017)).

So the conclusion of the meaning layer is the fonem, syllable, phrase, and phrase in which
all of this series is very important in analyzing poetry because the layers of meaning make it

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easier to analyze poetry, where we know that a poem always has meaningful, difficult language.
In the first verse, 'how do I love thee? Let me count the ways' means: she feels grateful to be
loved by aman like her husband 'I love you to the depths and breadth and heights my soul can
reach,' : "she loves her husband pure, sincerely, and freely". In the second verse; For the ends of
being and ideal grace I love thee to the level of everyday's most quiet need, by sun and candle-
light: her husband brings a new happiness to herself that she considers her husband to be a new
sun or light in her life.

The third verse: again it is the expression of the woman who adores her husband for how
he contended so much even when the woman's father proposed her marriage because of her
sickness, so she was fond of him and even offered up her life and death only for him. She also
told him that her love was pure, in other words, her love was the unconditional love of the .
fourth verse, showing the woman's fragility in which she had come when some of the special
people she loved left, her mother and her two brothers, and the man came and raised her from her
grief with such genuine love that she slowly rose and got the love that was once lost. Even if
death do them part, she will love her man for life.

D. Units of meaning

The third layer of sense units gives rise to a third layer, of the objects presented, the
background, the doers, and the world's author. Objects to be expressed: love, the man, the past,
the sun, struggle, loyalty, and death. Perpetrator or character: me. Background of the place:
Florence, the Italian, world author: Several of Elizabeth Barrett Browning’s poems reflect of her
life. Elizabeth Barrett Browning wrote down the poems and gave the information to the readers
about her life experience into her poems. She made the poem from all her life experiences.
Elizabeth Barrett Browning has complication illness and her life is not simples full of worry,
prejudice, and complicated. But her life is not all of about sadness, Elizabeth Barrett Browning
also made her poems with some expression, they are: sadness, happiness, and sympathy,
Background, perpetrator, and story structure (grooves):

Their romance is which romance was strongly opposed by his father, who didn't want his
son marry. In 1846, the couple eloped and settled in Florence, Italy, where Elizabeth's health
improved and she gave birth to a son, Robert Wideman Browning. Elizabeth Barrett Browning

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describes her life when she felt happy after marrying someone he loves. He feels grateful to have
loved by men like her husband. She loves her husband with pure, sincerely,He came when some
special people he loved away, his mother and two brothers. Her husband gave new happiness to
wipe away her tears. Elizabeth Barrett Browning loves her husband with his breath, his smile,
and also his tears. But if he dies with all this happiness, she will always love her husband with
the same love, and also with more love.

E. Fourth Layer (lapisan Dunia)

The next layer is the world that appears in poetry. Describing the atmosphere felt in the poem
"how do I love thee," Browning wrote about the love he felt for him. The tone of a poem is the
mood or feeling implied in the message. This sonnet is just a love poem, revealing how deeply
she loved her husband. Thus able to convey an indirect message to the reader how the power of
love is felt by women and how a Elizabeth's heart is with l the man she loves in every word of
these two poems where at the time women were ata very low degree compared to men but
Elizabeth was brave enough to openly express to the world what she felt. The effect of repetition
in verse is to emphasize how much the speaker loved. The tone found in the poem lifts the spirits
and describes the happiness of a love that cannot be painted.

The shadow compared with his love by speech is abstract and therefore difficult to measure.
The atmosphere in her poem is clear that the mood of sadness, love and happiness in loving
someone experienced by the poet is that the poet expresses deep longing. She misses her husband
very much. He said "I love you to the depths and breadth and height my soul can reach out, when
feeling invisible". Browning said that even when he couldn't touch her with his hands or any part
of her body, his soul would still reach out to her.

F. Fifty Layer (Lapisan Metafisis)

Lapis metafisis (which is sublim, which is tragic, terrible or terrifying and sacred), with
these qualities art can offer contemplation to its readers, in philosophy, metaphysics is an
abstraction that reveals elements of matter by putting aside other matters, while in literature, it is

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the latest in literary strata that can provide contemplation in literature discussed. The poem "how
do I love thee" discusses Elizabeth's love for her husband. In this poem Elizabeth Browning
emphasizes grief without anyone knowing is like death 'sorrow for those who die in such silence
"Which means sadness in the silence is born from death. There are some symptoms such as loss
of appetite, moving away from society, even pressing a very dangerous one. Parents, friends,
siblings, family, beloved are the closest people around who are loved. In the stanza above
Elizabeth Browning stated
about her beloved, it can be known that she has lost her beloved as it can be seen from stanza I
see thine image through my tears to night‘ it stated that her beloved is not with her, she only can
image him while she cries. From the stanza above it can be known that losing beloved cause the
sadness moreover the imagination about her beloved smile make her night more miserable so the
concept of sadness in the stanza

above is loss of beloved. The peculiarity of the term is packed in a spoilt literary work and
in the precision of expression of authors. Thus, the writer urged his readers to be grateful to be
with our loved ones at all times.

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 CHAPTER III

CLOSING

A.Conclusion

Analyzing the poem How Do I Love Thee by Elizabeth Barrett Browning using the Strata
Normal Roman method, it turns out that the meaning, meaning, and sound of the poem is easier
to understand. After much analyzing the life of Elizabeth Barrett Browning seen in his selected
poems,Elizabeth Barrett Browning's poems vary, there are: happiness, sadness and sympathy.
The first poem is about his love, the second poem is about having feelings when he feels afraid
to face death alone, the third poem was about his sympathy with the Italian cause after the
outbreak of fighting. That the fourth poem is about child labor being condemned and helping to
abolish children works, poetry because of the many problems that happened before, in this poem
he describes his life even the image of his imminent death. this poem reflects the early life of
Elizabeth Barrett Browning the poem "How Do I Love Thee" wrote in 1850 in Italy, this poem
tells about him life when she feels happy after marrying someone she loves. This poemshe is
dedicated to her lover (Robert Browning) and the secret is written before marriage, which was
finally published by her husband after Elizabeth Barrett Browning died

B.Suggestion

The suggestion that the author can convey for the material about reading and analyzing
poetry is of course the author has realized that in the preparation of this paper it is still far from
perfect and there are still many errors. from several sources more and criticism from readers or
lecturers.

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SUSILASTRI, D. (2020). Strata Norma Roman Ingarden dalam Apresiasi Puisi. JSSH (Jurnal
Sains Sosial dan Humaniora), 4(2), 89-96.

HAMIDA, S., Mislan, M., & Firdiansyah, F. (2019). ELIZABETH BARRETT BROWNING’S
LIFE AS REFLECTED BY HER SELECTED POEMS (Doctoral dissertation, UIN SULTHAN
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