GE 2 – PURPOSIVE COMMUNICATION

1st Exam Mechanics & Guidelines

1st Exam Guide

INTRODUCTION
I. BACKGROUND
Two of the most beautiful countries in Asia are Japan and Philippines.
These two countries are both found in eastern part of Asia and speaks
languages that though different, are closely related. Japan is located east of the
Korean Peninsula, between the Sea of Japan and the North Pacific Ocean.
Philippines, on the other hand, is an island country of Southeast Asia and is
found in the Western Pacific Ocean. Both countries have their own beautiful
geographical features. Japan is known for its natural sights like cherry blossoms
and Mount Fuji while Philippines is known for having an abundance of beautiful
beaches like Boracay, El Nido, and Siargao. The two countries also have a
common in religion like Christianity, but Japan’s national religion is Buddhism.
They both have their own similarities, however, there are many differences
between Japan and Philippines in terms of their climate, languages,
government, population, and religion.

II. COMPARISON AND CONTRAST

Description JAPAN PHILIPPINES

Flag
 The current population of The current population of
Japan is 125,860,808 as of the Philippines is
Friday, February 4, 2022, 111,898,732 as of Friday,
based on Worldometer February 4, 2022, based on
Population elaboration of the latest Worldometer elaboration of
United Nations data and is the latest United Nations
equivalent to 1.62% of the data and is equivalent to
total world population. 1.41% of the total world
population.
The most widely spoken Filipino, the standardized
language in Japan is form of Tagalog, is the
Japanese, which is national language and used
separated into several in formal education
dialects with Tokyo dialect throughout the country.
considered standard Filipino and English are
Japanese. In addition to the both official languages and
Japanese language, English is commonly used
Language/s Ryukyuan languages are by the government. Eight
spoken in Okinawa and (8) major dialects spoken
parts of Kagoshima in the by majority of the Filipinos:
Ryukyu Islands. In Tagalog, Cebuano,
Hokkaido, there is the Ainu Ilocano, Hiligaynon or
language, which is spoken Ilonggo, Bicolano, Waray,
by the Ainu people, who are Pampango, and
the indigenous people of Pangasinense.
the island
Japan is an island country The Philippines is an
in East Asia. It is situated in archipelago, or string of
the northwest Pacific over 7,100 islands, in
Ocean and is bordered on southeastern Asia between
the west by the Sea of the South China Sea and
Location Japan, while extending the Pacific Ocean. The two
from the Sea of Okhotsk in largest islands, Luzon and
the north toward the East Mindanao, make up for two-
China Sea and Taiwan in thirds of the total land area.
the south. Only about one third of the
islands are inhabited.
 The terrain of Japan is Philippine islands are
mostly rugged and classified into three main
mountainous with 66% geographical areas –
forest.[12] The population Luzon, Visayas, and
is clustered in urban areas Mindanao. Because of its
on the coast, plains and archipelagic nature,
valleys.[13] Japan is in the Philippines is a culturally
Terrain northwestern Ring of Fire diverse country. With its
on multiple tectonic topography consisting of
plates.[14] East of the mountainous terrains,
Japanese archipelago are dense forests, plains, and
three oceanic trenches. coastal areas, the
Philippines is rich in
biodiversity.
Japan has four distinct The Philippines has a
seasons with a climate tropical climate, but it is
ranging from subarctic in marginally less hot and
the north to subtropical in humid than many tropical
the south. Conditions are countries for most of the
different between the year. Although the sun
Pacific side and the Sea of shines almost year-round,
Japan side. Northern Japan there are slight seasonal
has warm summers and variations in the weather.
very cold winters with The dry summer season,
heavy snow on the Sea of which runs from about late
Japan side and in April to early June is hot
mountainous areas. and humid and with little
Eastern Japan has hot and rainfall. The typhoon
Climate humid summers and cold season runs from June to
winters with very heavy September, with frequent
snow on the Sea of Japan drenching rains that can
side and in mountainous temper the heat somewhat
areas. but also preclude any
Western Japan has very outdoor activities.
hot and humid summers
(with temperatures
sometimes reaching
35^o֯ ֯ ֯C or above) and
moderate cold winters.
Okinawa and Amami have
a subtropical oceanic
climate.
 According to the Some four-fifths of Filipinos
Government of Japan, profess Roman
69.0% of the population Catholicism. Adherents of
practises Shintō, 66.7% other denominations of
practise Buddhism,1.5% Christianity constitute
practise Christianity and roughly one-tenth of the
6.2% practise other population. The Philippine
religions as of 2018.1 Independent Church (the
However, people tend to Aglipayans), established in
identify with no religion 1902 in protest against
when asked about religious Spanish control of the
belief. For instance, when Roman Catholic Church,
asked which religion they has several million
personally believed in, 62% members. The indigenous
of responders selected church called Iglesia ni
none, 31% selected Cristo, also founded in the
Buddhism, 3% selected early 20th century, has a
Religion Shintō, 1% selected smaller but nonetheless
Christianity,1% selected significant following. Islam
some other religion, and was brought to the
2% did not respond. This southern Philippines in the
reflects a general view of 15th century from Brunei
Shintō and Buddhism as a (on Borneo) to the west.
set of practices or a way of Small numbers of Filipinos
life that can be practiced in practice Buddhism or local
conjunction with other religions. Buddhism is
beliefs. Moreover, people associated primarily with
generally do not hold or communities of Chinese
express intense religious descent. Local religions are
feelings, except for those maintained by some of the
who feel strongly rural indigenous peoples.
connected to their religious
identity.
 The government of Japan The Philippines is a
is now based on a republic with a presidential
constitution that stipulates form of government
the separation of powers wherein power is equally
between the legislative, divided among its three
executive, and judicial branches: executive,
branches. The emperor’s legislative, and judicial. The
major role now consists of government seeks to act in
such formalities as the best interests of its
appointing the prime citizens through this system
minister—who is first of check and balance. The
designated by the Diet Philippines is a democratic
Government (Kokkai)—and appointing and republican State.
the chief justice of the Sovereignty resides in the
Supreme Court (Saikō people and all government
Saibansho), convoking authority emanated from
sessions of the Diet, them. One basic corollary in
promulgating laws and a presidential system of
treaties, and awarding state government is the principle
honours—all with the of separation of powers
advice and approval of the wherein legislation belongs
cabinet (naikaku). to Congress, execution to
the Executive, and
settlement of legal
controversies to the
Judiciary.

CONTENT
III. SIMILARITIES AND DIFFERENCES
In each country, there is a distinct culture that is either kept alive or
modified to the times. Many elements, such as how we celebrate special
occasions and/or how we interact with our daily lives, may differ between
cultures. Our focus, however, is on the cultures of Japan and the Philippines.
Let’s start with their Childbirth Practices. In Japan, women stay at their
maternal home for up to eight weeks after the baby is born. There a postpartum
woman can rest, recuperate, and learn how to take care of the infant. While in
the Philippines, burying the placenta is believed to signify the end of pain and
blood loss for the mother. However, men in both countries are far removed from
pregnancy because it isn't occurring in their bodies; they are therefore often
exempt from maternity courses, medical visits, as well as sometimes the birth
event itself.
In Parenting Styles, young children in the Philippines are often raised by
an extended family household with various relatives taking on child-rearing
responsibilities. Children are often taking on responsibility at an early age. Girls
especially are expected to help with cooking and household chores and look
after younger siblings. In Japan, on the other hand, Japanese parents also
emphasize maintaining high moral standards. So virtues like honesty, humility,
honour and trustworthiness become the bedrock of their parenting culture. It is
especially interesting with permissive parenting being so popular these days.
Talking about the Wedding Rites, in Japan, there are various styles of
wedding ceremonies such as Shinto, Buddhist, Christian, and civil ceremonies.
A Shinto wedding is often held at a shrine, and some shrines have strict rules
for the ceremony such as limiting the number of guests and prohibiting
photography and conversation in the temple. While in the Philippines, a typical
Filipino wedding consists of the following rituals: a candle lighting, a coin
blessing, a veiling, the tying of the nuptial cord, as well as the throwing of rice
grains.
In Dining Etiquette, Japanese uses chopsticks while Filipinos uses
Spoon and fork. Japanese people use chopsticks because it is considered more
lacquer ware friendly than other sharp eating utensils. While we Filipinos prefer
the easy way and use spoon and fork. After the eating, everyone craves for
dessert, right? We Filipinos like sweets while Japanese prefer fruits. Lastly,
Japanese people had a maintained diet. They only eat mostly 80% full and
continue with their lives compared to us Filipinos which eat all we can until we
are satisfied.
In terms of Work Ethics, the Filipinos emphasize the importance of quality
and efficiency. Filipino employees strive to finish tasks assigned to them on time
and with as little errors as possible. The quality-oriented approach to work and
the eagerness to learn new trades make Filipino employees a great fit for any
business. On the other hand, Japanese employees embrace a group mentality
and look to their superiors for approval before making big decisions.
In a Family Orientation, Filipinos are known for having strong and close
family ties. They place high regard and put importance on their family before
anything else. They work all day and do all they can to feed and provide for their
family. On the other hand, the traditional family unit in Japan consists of a
mother, father, and their children. This type of family group is called Kazoku.
Traditionally, three-generation households were the norm, with adult children
living with their parents and their own husband and kids.
Lastly, the Burial Custom of both countries. On the day of a Filipino
funeral, a hearse takes the casket to the church in a funeral procession. After
the funeral service and mass are concluded, a hearse takes the casket to the
cemetery for the burial. For nine days after the burial, also known as a novena,
mourners say prayers such as the rosary. In Japan, more than 99% of the dead
are cremated. There are not many cemeteries where a body can be buried.
While the law does not prohibit interment, plans to create a cemetery for
interring the dead can face massive obstacles -- most notably opposition from
the local community.

IV. PICTOGRAPH

Description PHILIPPINES JAPAN

Childbirth
Practices

Parenting
Styles

Wedding
Rites
 Dining
Etiquette

Work Ethics

Family
Orientation

Burial
Customs

CONCLUSION
V. CULTURAL APPRECIATION
We come to the conclusion that Japan and Philippines has its own unique
culture and traditional beliefs that made them a country. They both continue
their culture thus preserving them and keeping them alive. We must always
acknowledge our own culture and remember it when we visit other countries,
and we also need to respect the countries culture to avoid unnecessary conflict
that may arise or to keep ourselves from embarrassment. Remember the things
that you've learn and apply it in your life because a way to the understandings
of one another is through respect and that will give us unity and peace.