MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF

TECHNICAL EDUCATION
(MSBTE)
GOVERNMENT POLYTECHNIC YAVATMAL
Dhamangaon Road, Yavatmal-445001

DEPARTMENT OF
CIVIL ENGINEERING

CONSTRUCTION MANAGEMENT(22061)

Branch: CIVIL ENGINEERING Scheme: ‘I’ Scheme

Year: THIRD YEAR Sem:6TH (CE-6I)

Micro Project Title

‘’ Interpret the network figures used in given civil engineering projects

’’

GUIDED BY

Prof. S.N .BENGAL

GROUP MEMBERS
Roll No.: Name of Student Sign

20 Pranav Kishor Makode

29 Tarang Vijayrao Gulhane
42 Yash Shrikant Kandalkar
60 Himanshu Kashiram Chavhan
61 Shreyank Shrikant Mungilwar
 GOVERNMENT
POLYTECHNIC, YAVATMAL
Certificate

This is certified that the Micro-project report entitle ‘‘Interpret the

network figures used in given civil engineering projects’’ of the
subject Construction Management of Diploma in Civil Engineering.
In the partial fulfillment for the award of Micro project work as
prescribed by Board of Technical Education, Mumbai for the academic
year 2021 – 2022.

Submitted by
Roll No.: Name of Student Enrollment No.
20 Pranav Kishor Makode 1901350290
29 Tarang Vijayrao Gulhane 1901350300
42 Yash Shrikant Kandalkar 1901350313
60 Himanshu Kashiram Chavan 1901350332
61 Shreyank Shrikant Mungilwar 1901350333

Prof. S.N. Bengal Prof.N.P. Tathe

Guide Head of Department
Civil Engineering

Dr.R.P Mogare

Principal

Government Polytechnic,Yavatmal
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

It is an incident of great pleasure for us submitting this

micro project I take this opportunity to express our deep
sense of gratitude & great thanks to my guide prof. Mr. S.N
Bengal and head of department. Prof. N.P Tathe, who has
been a constant source of guidance and inspiration of
thoughts.
I will always be grateful to them for the
encouragement & suggestion given by them from time
to time. I would like to thank all the teaching members
of civil engineering department & sincere thanks to our
principal Dr. R.P Mogare sir who always inspire us.
I also thankful to our friends & library staff members
who’s encouragement Suggestion helped us to complete
our micro project. Last but not least I thankful to my
parents whose best wishes are always with me.
Annexure-1 PART-A Micro-project Proposal

TITLE: - ‘’ Interpret the network figures used in given civil

engineering projects.’’

5.0 Aims/benefits of the micro project :-

The Aim of this project is to Interpret the network figures used in given
civil engineering projects.

2.0 Course Outcomes : -

• Prepare network and bar charts for given civil engineering
projects.
3.0 Proposed Methodology:-
To create a micro project on guidelines required for
good presentation firstly micro project after collecting
all required materials we started our work. We visited
so many Website for collection extra information
about the given micro project. Firstly we visited on
Google and started searching information after
sometime we got one pdf based on road and road
components we take this pdf and started creating our
micro project. Each group member divides the work
and on specific date we collect data from each group
member. From all members we got some useful
information for creating our micro project. We collect
all information and merge into one ppt to get our
micro project ready.
Then we all of we referred some books and also
searched on internet related to our micro project, we
used this information for creation of our micro
project. Then we started writing a report of project .
 We also referred some websites and books:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page

4.0 ACTION PLAN-

SR.
NO. WEEK ACTIVITY PERFORMED SIGN OF GUIDE DATE

1 1st Discussion and finalization of topic

2 2nd Preparation and submission of Abstract

3 3rd Literature Review

4 4th Collection of Data

5 5th Collection of Data

6 6th Discussion and outline of Content

7 7th Formulation of Content

8 8th Editing and proof Reading of Content

9 9th Compilation of Report And Presentation

10 10th Seminar

11 11th Viva voce

12 12th Final submission of Micro Project

 5.0 Resource Required
Sr. No Name of Resources Specification Quantity
1 Computer System i3 -i5 preferable ram 4 GB 1
2 Pages A4 Size Page 28

Annexure II
Part-B Micro-Project
Report Title:
‘’Interpret the network figures used in given civil engineering projects.’’

5.0 Rationale:
In the construction practice, at the stage of planning of a
construction project, planners are trying to take into account the
possibility of unfavorable situations and their consequences
during the project execution. Therefore, planning decisions
should use appropriate tools for uncertainty modeling as well as
consider alternative options for the implementation of the entire
undertaking or the most sensitive (critical) works. Taking into
account the fact that the management and planning of
construction projects is carried out in conditions of non-stochastic
uncertainty, the authors propose to create an alternative model
with a fuzzy decision node based on classical network models.
This approach allows to model activities that are alternative to
each other. An important methodological element is the fuzzy
assessment of the considered alternatives with the use of fuzzy
set theory. The proposed alternative network model with a fuzzy
decision node gives the possibility to conduct a comprehensive
 analysis with the possibility of taking into account and modeling
the uncertainty of input data in an easy way. The numerical
example shows the possibility of quick selection of the best
variant based on the adopted assessment criteria and allows to
serialize work variants, which gives additional information in the
alternative activities of the network model in the form of
preferences. The combination of a decision model in the form of
a decision node with a network model can be useful in both
strategic and tactical planning of the implementation of
construction projects.

2.0 Aims/Benefits in the Micro Project:

The Aim of this project is to ‘’Interpret the network figures used in
given civil engineering projects’’

3.0 Course Outcomes Addressed

• Prepare network and bar charts for given civil engineering
projects.

4.0 Literature Review:-

Sr.No Title Of Book Author Publication

1 Construction Planning and Gahlot, New age limited e

management. P.S, Dhir international private
B.m limited new delhi

2 Construction Planning and Shrivastava. Galgotia Publication

Management U.K Pvt.Ltd
 5.0 Actual Methodology Followed:-
To complete this Micro project we all together as a group started
searching for topics and content, then we decided the topic which
was followed by distribution of work to each group member we
confirmed are Micro project from are responsible Prof. S.N.
bengalsir and completed the task containg Annexure1,2,
Certificates, Acknowledgement, Rationale, And Course Outcomes.

INTERPRET THE NETWORK FIGURES US ED IN

GIVEN CIVIL ENGINEERING PROJECTS

Abstract- Planning is a very important function in the management of a

construction project. The planning process begins before the approval of
the scope of works and continues during the execution of the project and
implementation of change orders. This means that the decisions made at
the planning level are of fundamental importance in the further stages of
the project.
The main goal of planning construction projects is to build a certain model
of the project’s course. Usually these are network models and schedules.

Planning of construction projects: Basic Concepts

In construction practice, planning is understood as defining the goal of the
project and ways to achieve it within the set time and cost. This means
that during planning there is developed a certain model of achieving the
project’s objective(s), based on the real possibilities and resources
available at the time the decision is made. The main project parameters
are determined in the planning process, such as scope of work, demand
for resources, duration of works, costs of works and technological and
organizational relationships between works.
All project plan parameters are interrelated. For example, the amount of
work determines the need for material, labor and financial resources. In
turn, the accepted (selected) technology of construction works determines
their duration, delivery time of various materials, the number and time of
involved contractors, etc. The plan with appropriate (possible at a given
planning stage) accuracy should take into account the impact of many
factors, constraints and conditions of the project, including uncertain and
random impact factors.

Planning takes place in accordance with established hierarchical

management levels, according to which three levels of planning and
systems of general, strategic and tactical project plans are created. The
general plan is a conceptual plan, reflecting the place and objectives of the
project in the general spatial development plan of the district, the city.
When developing a general (conceptual) plan based on the analysis of the
location (territory), condition of the real
estate market and the economic condition as a whole, the overall scope
(content) of the project is defned: goals, possible alternative options to
achieve the goal, main directions of the project implementation (thematic
areas), integrated structure of works, preliminary estimation of the duratio
n and cost of the project). The general plan is the basis for planning at the
second level—the development of a strategic plan.
A strategic plan is a long-term plan covering the whole life cycle of the
project, which breaks the project’s goals into meaningful and
technologically full stages. This is the level of the life cycle of a separate
project in which key stages, subprojects and milestones are analyzed, as
well as for each stage the terms and conditions for the preparation of
works fronts, their commencement and completion, delivery time of
equipment and cash fows for particular periods of work.
A tactical plan is a short-term plan developed for up to 1 year. Tactical
plans are diverse and numerous and include work plans of individual
project participants, types of works, stages of the project’s life cycle, etc.
The tactical plans include: current plans, in which activities of individual
project participants of responsible contractors are planned; operational
plans, in which tasks based on current plans are specified for a month, a
decade or a week; summary plans, in which all work related to the project
of the planned year is coordinated; detailed plans of stages and types of
works developed during the month or year.

Network Techniques

The predecessor to network techniques, the Gantt chart was developed,

during world war I, by Henry L Gantt, for the purpose of production scheduling.
An example of a Gantt chart is shown below.

The Gantt chart was later modified to a bar chart, which was used as an
important tool in both the project and production schedule.
The bar charts then developed into milestone charts and next into
network techniques (such as CPM and PERT). The bar chart didn't
give information about critical activity and interdependence among
activities. A bar chart is activity-oriented while a milestone chart is
event-oriented.
Network Construction

A network is the graphical representation of the project activities arranged in a

logical sequence and depicting all the interrelationships among them. A
network consists of activities and events.

Activity

An activity is a physically identifiable part of a project, which consumes both

time and resources. Activity is represented by an arrow in a network diagram.
The head of an arrow represents the start of the activity and the tail of the
arrow represents its end. The activity description and its estimated
completion time are written along the arrow. Activity in the network can be
represented by a number of ways: (i) by numbers of its head and tail events
(i.e. 10-20 etc.), and (ii) by a letter code (i.e. A, B etc.). All those activities,
which must be completed before the start of the activity under consideration,
are called their predecessor activities. All those activities, which have to
follow the activity under consideration, are called its successor activities.
An activity, which is used to maintain the pre-defined precedence relationship
only during the construction of the project network, is called a dummy
activity. A dummy activity is represented by a dotted arrow and does not
consume any time and resources.

An unbroken chain of activities between any two events is called a path.

Event

An event represents the accomplishment of some task. In a network diagram,

the beginning and end of an activity are represented as events. Each event is
represented as a node in a network diagram. An event does not consume any
time or resource. Each network diagram starts with an initial event and ends
at a terminal event.

Each node is represented by a circle and numbered by using Fulkerson's Rule.

The following steps are involved in the numbering of the nodes:

• The initial event, which has all outgoing arrows and no incoming arrow,
is numbered as 1.
• Delete all the arrows coming out from the node just numbered (i.e. 1).
This step will create some more nodes (at least one) into the initial
events. Number these events in ascending order (i.e. 2, 3 etc.).
• Continue the process until the final or terminal node which has all
arrows coming in, with no arrow going out, is numbered.

An illustration of Fulkerson's Rule of numbering the events is shown in. As a

recommendation, it must be noted that most of the projects are liable for
modifications, and hence there should be a scope of adding more events and
numbering them without causing any inconsistency in the network. This is
achieved by skipping the numbers (i.e. 10, 20, 30).

Rules for drawing a network diagram

Rule 1: Each activity is represented by one and only one arrow in the network.
Rule 2: No two activities can be identified by the same end events.

Rule 3: Precedence relationships among all activities must always be

maintained.

Rule 4: Dummy activities can be used to maintain precedence relationships

only when actually required. Their use should be minimized in the network
diagram.

Use of Dummy Activities

Rule 5: Looping among the activities must be avoided.

Critical Path Method(CPM)

This is based on the deterministic approach in which only a one-time estimate

is made for activity completion. The CPM (critical path method) system of
networking is used, when the activity time estimates are deterministic in
nature. For each activity, a single value of time, required for its execution, is
estimated. Time estimates can easily be converted into cost data in this
technique. CPM is an activity-oriented technique.

1. A network diagram in CPM is activity-oriented.

2. Cost is the most important criterion. Minimum is found corresponding
to the optimum time.
3. There is only a single time estimate for each activity.
4. The probability of completion of activity in this estimated duration is
100%.
5. It is based on a deterministic approach.
6. Suitable for the repetitive type of work.
7. The normal distribution is followed.

Activity times

(i) Earliest start time

(ii) Earliest start time

EFT = EST + Activity time

(iii) Latest finish time

LFT = TL of head event

(iv) Latest finish time

LST = LFT - tij

Float

Float denotes the range within which activity time or its finish time may
fluctuate without effecting the completion of the project.

(i) Total Float (FT):

FT = LST – EST or FT = LFT – EFT

(ii) Free Total (FF):

Or

Where Sj = Head event slack

(iii) Independent Float (FID):

Where Si = Tail event slack

FT = 0 – for critical path FT > 0 –for subcritical path

FT < 0 – for Supercritical path

(iv) Interfering float (FIN)

It is another name of head event slack.

CPM Systems

Mainly two systems are used in CPM analysis:

1. A-O-A System (Activity on arrow system)

An activity is graphically represented by an arrow.

The tail end and head end of the arrow represent the start and finish of activity
respectively.

1. A-O-N System (Activity on node system or precedence diagram).

Activity is represented by a circle or node. Events have no places.
Arrows are used only to show the dependency relationship between
activity nodes.

When two or more activities start parallel then an activity called DEBUT (D0) is
provided at the beginning. Likewise, a finish activity (F0) is provided at the end
when more than one activities finish parallel. Activity D & F have zero duration.