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Week-3 Q3 Homeostasis

Here is a draft brochure on diabetes: [FRONT COVER] Diabetes Understanding Your Condition [INSIDE LEFT PAGE] What is Diabetes? Diabetes is a condition where your body cannot properly process sugar (glucose) from food for use as energy. This happens because your body either does not produce enough insulin (Type 1 Diabetes) or does not use insulin properly (Type 2 Diabetes). Insulin is a hormone produced by the pancreas that helps glucose enter your cells to be used for energy. With diabetes, glucose builds up in your blood instead of going into your cells. Over time, high blood sugar can lead to serious health problems. [INSIDE M

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50 views28 pages

Week-3 Q3 Homeostasis

Here is a draft brochure on diabetes: [FRONT COVER] Diabetes Understanding Your Condition [INSIDE LEFT PAGE] What is Diabetes? Diabetes is a condition where your body cannot properly process sugar (glucose) from food for use as energy. This happens because your body either does not produce enough insulin (Type 1 Diabetes) or does not use insulin properly (Type 2 Diabetes). Insulin is a hormone produced by the pancreas that helps glucose enter your cells to be used for energy. With diabetes, glucose builds up in your blood instead of going into your cells. Over time, high blood sugar can lead to serious health problems. [INSIDE M

Uploaded by

Lila Kyst
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Science 10

Week 3
Nervous System
Nervous System

❑ Controls and coordinates the activities


of all your body parts

❑ Regulates the body’s responses to


internal and external stimuli
Nervous System

Central Nervous System Peripheral Nervous System

BRAIN SPINAL CORD Somatic Nervous Autonomic


System Nervous System

Cerebrum
Spinal Nerves Sympathetic

Cerebellum
Cranial Nerves Parasympathetic

Brain Stem
Central Nervous System

❑ Serves as the main


processing center for the
entire nervous system.

❑ Receives information from


the sense organs,
interprets this
information and generates
responses
BRAIN
❑ An organ located within the skull that
functions as organizer and distributor
of information for the body

Cerebrum ❑ Large, upper part of the brain that


controls activity and thought

❑ The part under the cerebrum that


Cerebellum controls posture, balance and
coordination

❑ The part that connects the brain to the spinal cord and
Brain Stem controls the automatic functions such as breathing,
digestion, heart rate and blood pressure
SPINAL CORD

❑ This serves as channel for signals


between the brain and the rest of
the body and controls simple
musculoskeletal reflexes without
input from the brain
Peripheral Nervous System

❑ Connects the central


nervous system to the
organs and limbs.
Somatic Nervous System

❑ This system is associated with the voluntary control of body


movements

Two (2) Parts


❑ The nerves that carry motor and sensory
Spinal Nerves signals between the spinal cord and the body

❑ The nerve fibers that carry information into


Cranial Nerves
and out of the brain stem
Autonomic Nervous System

❑ This system is associated with the


involuntary control of the body movements

Two (2) Subdivisions


❑ It is activated when the body is in a dynamic role or stress (e.g.
Sympathetic increased heart rate and breathing, dilation of pupil, sweating)

❑ It maintains body functions and restores the body to normal or


Parasympathetic relaxed mode
Nervous System

Central Nervous System Peripheral Nervous System

BRAIN SPINAL CORD Somatic Nervous Autonomic


System Nervous System

Cerebrum
Spinal Nerves Sympathetic

Cerebellum
Cranial Nerves Parasympathetic

Brain Stem
Nerve Cell
❑The basic unit of nervous system

❑ These are called Neurons with the ability to carry signals or impulses.

Cell body containing


nucleus

Dendrites – carry impulses Axons – carry impulses AWAY from the


TOWARDS the cell body cell body and pass it to the dendrites of
other neurons or cell body of muscle cells
Three (3) Types of Neurons (Nerves)

Autonomic Nerves
- Nerves that control the involuntary functions of our body

Motor Nerves
- Are the ones that control our voluntary functions like our movement

Sensory Nerves
- Are nerves that receive stimulus or information from our sense organs
Nerve Impulse
❑ Is a combination of an electrical charge and a chemical reaction. It is not a flow of
electricity, but an electrochemical signal moving along a neuron.

❑ Cannot jump from one neuron to


another. When a nerve impulse comes
to the end of an axon, it produces the
chemical, called neurotransmitter,
to be released. The chemical crosses the
space between neurons called
synapse and stimulates the nerve
impulse to start in the next dendrite
❑ The nervous system is assisted by five sense organs- the eyes, ears, nose,
tongue and skin. These sense organs are constantly receiving information
from the environment and sending messages to the brain. These senses aid in
the survival of human beings.

Stimulus

❑ Is any factor in the environment that may


trigger a nerve impulse.

Response

❑ Is a reaction to a stimulus
Sensory Neurons
❑ Transmit impulses from the receptor to the brain

Motor Neurons
❑ Transmit impulses from the brain to the effector
Endocrine System

• Is consists of glands that


secrete different types of
hormones that affect
almost every cell, organ
and function of our body.
Endocrine System

• Endocrine glands secrete


chemicals known as HORMONES
into the bloodstream, which carries
them throughout the body. When a
hormone in the blood reaches the
target organ, it produces a notable
effect.
• Stimulates growth and
controls the functions of • Helps regulate body’s internal
other glands clock

• Regulates body metabolism


and causes storage of calcium • Enables the body to produce
in bones certain antibodies

• Prepares the body for action,


• Regulates blood sugar
controls the heart rate and
breathing in times of emergency

• Control maturation and male


• Influence female traits and
characteristics
support reproductive function
Nervous System Working Together with Endocrine
System to Maintain Homeostasis

Homeostasis
• Is the state reached when each part of the body functions in
equilibrium with other parts. This is attained through the regulation of
the bodily functions by the endocrine and nervous systems.

• Is the maintenance of internal balance in an organism despite


changes in the environment.
Communicating
Systems

Nervous Endocrine
system HYPOTHALAMUS system

Nerve impulse Hormones

They dictate to the target cell or


organs in the body how to respond
with internal and external changes
Feedback Mechanisms
Negative Positive
Feedback Feedback

Homeostasis
PARTS OF THE FEEDBACK LOOP

Stimulus – something that disrupts


the body’s homeostasis

Sensor – detects the change in


homeostasis

Control Center – part of the body


that responds to the change and
acts. The pituitary gland in the brain
is the control center

Effector – any organ or cell that


ultimately responds to the stimulus

Response – a response from the


effector balances out the original
stimulus to maintain homeostasis
Thermoregulation
Blood Glucose Level
Having too much sugar in the blood for
long periods of time can cause serious
health problems if it's not treated.
Hyperglycemia can damage the vessels
that supply blood to vital organs, which
can increase the risk of heart disease and
stroke, kidney disease, vision problems,
and nerve problems.

Low blood sugar levels can also cause a


variety of problems within your central
nervous system. Early symptoms include
weakness, lightheadedness, and
dizziness. Headaches can occur from a
lack of glucose, especially if you have
diabetes. You may also feel signs of stress,
such as nervousness, anxiety, and
irritability.
Blood Calcium Level
Too much calcium in your blood can
weaken your bones, create kidney
stones, and interfere with how your
heart and brain work.
Hypercalcemia is usually a result of
overactive parathyroid glands.

Hypocalcemia, also known as


calcium deficiency disease, occurs
when the blood has low levels of
calcium. A long-term calcium
deficiency can lead to dental
changes, cataracts, alterations in the
brain, and osteoporosis, which
causes the bones to become brittle.
Task
Choose on the suggested topics below. Create a
brochure/leaflet.

TOPICS: CONTENT OF
✓ Diabetes BROCHURE/LEAFLET:
✓ Parathyroid Cancer ➢ Causes
➢ Symptoms
➢ Treatment
➢ Suggested Lifestyle

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