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Module 12.3 Magnetism

The document summarizes key concepts about magnetism and magnetic fields. It discusses how magnetism is created by moving charges like electrons spinning and creating magnetic dipoles with north and south poles. It describes how compasses interact with magnetic fields from magnets and the Earth. Magnetic fields are defined as being created by moving charges and having field lines and flux. The document also covers the formula for calculating the magnetic force on a moving charge, using the right hand rule to determine force direction. Sample problems demonstrate applying the concepts.

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Claire G. Magluyan
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51 views

Module 12.3 Magnetism

The document summarizes key concepts about magnetism and magnetic fields. It discusses how magnetism is created by moving charges like electrons spinning and creating magnetic dipoles with north and south poles. It describes how compasses interact with magnetic fields from magnets and the Earth. Magnetic fields are defined as being created by moving charges and having field lines and flux. The document also covers the formula for calculating the magnetic force on a moving charge, using the right hand rule to determine force direction. Sample problems demonstrate applying the concepts.

Uploaded by

Claire G. Magluyan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Module 12.

3
Magnetism
▪ Magnetism is a physics phenomenon created
by moving charge.

▪ The fundamental property that creates


magnetism is electrons spin.

▪ An election spinning creates dipoles. A dipole


relates to the two poles, north and south,
created by a spinning electron. When a north
and south pole is present, a magnetic field is
created.
Magnetic Attraction & Repulsion

Source: https://www.stickmanphysics.com/stickman-physics-
home/magnets-and-magnetism/intro-to-magnetism/
The Compass
▪ A compass is a magnet that is free to rotate
when interacting with a magnetic field. The earth
itself is acts like a magnet believed to be caused
by current in its outer core.

▪ When a magnet is brought close to a compass


the stronger local magnet field will interact with
the compass.
Magnetic Fields
▪ Magnetic fields are created when you have a
moving charge like a bunch of similar spinning
electrons in a permanent magnet or current
running through an electromagnet.

▪ Any magnet has a dipole, a north and south


pole.
Magnetic Fields
▪ Magnetic field lines around a bar magnet.

https://www.stickmanphysics.com/stickman-physics-home/magnets-and-
magnetism/magnetic-fields/
Magnetic Fields
▪ Magnetic Flux
It is a measure
of the number of
magnetic field lines
passing through a
given point. The more
magnetic field lines the
stronger the flux and
interaction with other www.stickmanphysics.com

magnets and ferromagnetic


materials.
Force on Magnetic Fields
▪ A force (F) on a moving charge (q) will be
maximum at a velocity (v), perpendicular to
Magnetic Field (B).
▪ Force will be less with velocity at any angle
less than perpendicular to the magnetic field
and no force is present when velocity is
parallel.
▪ The amount of the force relates to the size
of magnetic field, the magnitude of charge,
and the velocity it is moving.
Force on Magnetic Fields

𝑭 = 𝑩𝒒𝒗
𝑭𝒐𝒓𝒄𝒆 = (𝒎𝒂𝒈𝒏𝒆𝒕𝒊𝒄 𝒇𝒊𝒆𝒍𝒅)(𝒄𝒉𝒂𝒓𝒈𝒆)(𝒗𝒆𝒍𝒐𝒄𝒊𝒕𝒚)
Force on Magnetic Fields
▪ A charge or current moving parallel to the
magnetic field would have no force. Any velocity
between perpendicular and parallel would only
have the perpendicular component used in the
solution for force.
Force on Magnetic Fields
▪ Moving Positive Charge in a Magnetic Field
Right Hand Rule (RHR)

When holding your hand open with your thumb


up at a right angle to your fingers:

Force: the direction of your thumb


Magnetic Field: the direction your palm is facing
Velocity: the direction of your fingers for the
positive charge
Force on Magnetic Fields
▪ Moving Positive Charge in a Magnetic Field
Right Hand Rule (RHR)

When holding your hand open with your thumb


up at a right angle to your fingers:

Force: the direction of your thumb


Magnetic Field: the direction your palm is facing
Velocity: the direction of your fingers for the
positive charge
Force on Magnetic Fields
▪ Moving Positive Charge in a Magnetic Field
Right Hand Rule (RHR)

Source: https://www.stickmanphysics.com/stickman-physics-
home/magnets-and-magnetism/force-on-a-moving-charge/
Variables Used in Force on a
Moving Charge
Variable MKS Unit Symbol
Charge q Coulomb C
Current I Ampere A
Force F Newton N
Length L Meter m
Magnetic Field B Tesla T
Velocity v meter/sec m/s
Sample Problem
1. What is the magnitude of force when a 2.51 C
charge is traveling 422 m/s perpendicular to a
magnetic field of 2.20 T?

Solution: 𝑭 = 𝑩𝒒𝒗

F = 2.20 2.51 422 = 2330 N


Sample Problem
▪ What direction is a positive charge moving if
force is going to the right and the magnetic field
is directed away from you?
Sample Problem
3. A charge of +3.2 x10-6 C is traveling at north at
450 m/s in a magnetic field to the east. The
magnetic force it experiences is 4.25 x 10-3 N
What is the strength of the magnetic field and
direction of the force?

When your fingers (velocity) are facing north and your palm is facing east, your thumb
is pointed down into the ground.

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