English for Academic and

Professional Purposes

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English for Academic and Professional Purposes
Quarter 4 – Module 13: Summarizing findings and executing the report
through narrative forms
First Edition, 2020

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Published by the Department of Education - Schools Division of Pasig City

Development Team of the Self-Learning Module

Writer: Maria Jasmin J. Tampes
Editor: Julius Cezar D. Napallatan
Reviewers: Julius Cezar D, Napallatan, Cristina Sofia D.R. Rafallo
Rowena D. Roxas
Illustrator: Edison P. Clet
Management Team: Ma. Evalou Concepcion A. Agustin
OIC-Schools Division Superintendent
Carolina T. Rivera, CESE
OIC-Assistant Schools Division Superintendent
Manuel A. Laguerta EdD
Chief Curriculum Implementation Division
Victor M. Javena, EdD
Chief - School Governance and Operations Division
Education Program Supervisors

Librada L. Agon EdD (EPP/TLE/TVL/TVE)

Liza A. Alvarez (Science/STEM/SSP)
Bernard R. Balitao (AP/HUMSS)
Joselito E. Calios (English/SPFL/GAS)
Norlyn D. Conde EdD (MAPEH/SPA/SPS/HOPE/A&D/Sports)
Wilma Q. Del Rosario (LRMS/ADM)
Ma. Teresita E. Herrera EdD (Filipino/GAS/Piling Larang)
Perlita M. Ignacio PhD (EsP)
Dulce O. Santos PhD (Kindergarten/MTB-MLE)
Teresita P. Tagulao EdD (Mathematics/ABM)

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 English for Academic and
Professional Purposes

Quarter 4
Self-Learning Module12
Summarizing Findings and Executing
the Report through Narrative Forms

Introductory Message

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 For the Facilitator:

Welcome to the English for Academic and Professional Purposes: Self-

Learning Module on Summarizing findings and executing the report through
narrative forms

This Self-Learning Module was collaboratively designed, developed and

reviewed by educators from the Schools Division Office of Pasig City headed by its
Officer-in-Charge Schools Division Superintendent, Ma. Evalou Concepcion A.
Agustin, in partnership with the City Government of Pasig through its mayor,
Honorable Victor Ma. Regis N. Sotto. The writers utilized the standards set by the K
to 12 Curriculum using the Most Essential Learning Competencies (MELC) in
developing this instructional resource.

This learning material hopes to engage the learners in guided and

independent learning activities at their own pace and time. Further, this also aims
to help learners acquire the needed 21st century skills especially the 5 Cs, namely:
Communication, Collaboration, Creativity, Critical Thinking, and Character while
taking into consideration their needs and circumstances.

In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the
body of the module:

Notes to the Teacher

This contains helpful tips or strategies
that will help you in guiding the learners.

As a facilitator you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this
module. You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing them
to manage their own learning. Moreover, you are expected to encourage and assist
the learners as they do the tasks included in the module.

For the Learner:

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Welcome to the English for Academic and Professional Purposes: Self-Learning
Module on Gathering Information from Survey, Observation or Experiment!
This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful
opportunities for guided and independent learning at your own pace and time. You
will be enabled to process the contents of the learning material while being an
active learner.

This module has the following parts and corresponding icons:

Expectations - This points to the set of knowledge and skills

that you will learn after completing the module.

Pretest - This measures your prior knowledge about the lesson

at hand.

Recap - This part of the module provides a review of concepts

and skills that you already know about a previous lesson.

Lesson - This section discusses the topic in the module. 

Activities - This is a set of activities that you need to perform.

Wrap-Up - This section summarizes the concepts and

application of the lesson.

Valuing - This part integrates a desirable moral value in the

lesson.

Posttest - This measures how much you have learned from the
entire module.

EXPECTATIONS

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This is your self-instructional learner module in EAPP 12. All the activities provided
in this lesson will help you learn and understand: Summarizing findings and
executing the report through narrative forms

You are expected to learn the following:

1. identify the parts of data presentation and data analysis;
2. explain how data presentation and interpretation is done;
3. determine the useful expressions in reporting results and trends; and
4. show how one values his/her family as reflected in the given
quotation.

PRETEST

Read each statement and write A if you AGREE or D if you DISAGREE.

1. A table is often used to present voluminous data.
2. A figure is ideal for showing general trends and patterns and for
pointing out comparisons among data.
3. The summary expression a sentence that identifies what figure/table is
being discussed.
4. The location expression presents what data a figure/table contains.
5. The summary expression is where you indicate the data contained in the
table or figured.

RECAP

Now, let’s have a short recap on our previous lessons on by

enumerating the general rules in gathering data from survey, observation or
experiment.

1. Keep it simple.
2. First general, then specific
3. Data should answer the research questions identified earlier.
4. Do not include any discussion.
5. Always use past tense in describing results.
6. Select the best method to convey the message.

LESSON

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 Social media plays a vital role in our everyday lives by connecting
people and developing relationships. People meet online, businessmen
market their products and services through social media, and people voice
out their feedbacks online.

Figure 1

With nearly 2.4 billion active users, Facebook is used by a sizeable

chunk of the population of the entire planet. Instagram crossed the
billion mark, with WhatsApp and Messenger having 1.6 billion and
1.3 billion active users respectively. This cements the complete hold
that Facebook has over the world of social media, one that has
proven to be very tough to shake especially as far as its competitors
are concerned. (Muhammad 2019)

As shown in the data presented, Facebook has become a part of one’s

life, hence, people spend more and more time online. It has become a
platform to exchange ideas, find friends, and share memorable photos.
Moreover, it has played a significant role in connecting not only friends
but also family and long distance relationships. But of course, spending
quality time with your friends and loved such as bonding moments, family
meal time and family hour must be valued more.

DATA PRESENTATION

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 Data are often presented graphically for order and greater clarity.
Graphic data presentation can be in the form of tables or figures. A table
is often used to present voluminous data. On the other hand, a figure is
anything other than a table, like charts, graphs, pictures, and maps. A
figure is ideal for showing general trends and patterns and for pointing
out comparisons among data.

LOCATION AND SUMMARY EXPRESSIONS

The next part of the report is actually just a sentence that

identifies what figure/table (the location expression) is being discussed
and what data this figure/table contains (the summary expression). Each
table and figure in a paper have to be discussed separately, so you have
to refer each one by its number, or location element, so as not to confuse
the reader. The number is usually an Arabic number although in some
organizations, related tables are labeled with the same Arabic number but
different letters. For example, all figures/diagrams that are about social
media users are numbered 1 but the data from one region may be 1.a and
those from another 1.b.

The summary expression is where you indicate the data

contained in the diagram or figure. You have two ways of doing this:

Active Voice style – Example: Figure 1 [location element] shows

[verb of report always in the present tense] the number of social media
users in the world [summary element.]

Passive Voice style – Example: The number of social media

users [summary expression] is shown [verb ‘to be’ + past participle of the
verb] in Table 1 [location element]. Take note that if you choose to use the
passive voice, you have to ensure the correct Subject-Verb agreement.
‘The number of social media users’ happens to be singular so the verb to
use is ‘is.’

HIGHLIGHTING STATEMENTS

This part of a data-based commentary is where you discuss the

significant data. Usually significant data are the highest or predominant
and the lowest. Sometimes the unexpected result could be significant, too,
and deserves discussion. It is in this part where you can show your
analytical ability by pointing out patterns and trends. Remember, a
pattern is something that is repeated and a trend is a general direction
(going up? going down?) over a period of time. In the hypothetical above,
what claim or interpretation can you make based on the significant data?
For example, which social media has the most number of active users? Is

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 there a pattern in the harvest over three decades? Complete the sentence
to answer the questions: As seen in Figure 1, ….

Useful expressions when reporting results:

The majority (_____%) of respondents said …
Approximately half (or whatever) …,
_____ per cent of respondents said …
As can be seen in the Table _____, the dry season in _____ (place) is
longer/shorter than in ____ (place).
Useful expressions when reporting trends:
There has been a gradual (decrease) in
There is a steady (increase)/marked (fall), steep (rise in …)
There is a sharp (drop in …)
Price of _____ has been stable in the last _____ (period of time).
As you comment on the data, cite the relevant figure(s) in the
table/figure. However, remember the data discussion is not mere
repetition of the figures in paragraph form. You need to mention the
significance of the figure: Is it highest? Lowest? Sometimes, to discuss the
data you also need to compare values or frequencies.

A claim is writer’s view or interpretation of the data. The claims

you make may vary in terms of strength. When you are very sure of the
reliability and credibility of the data, you may make a strong claim. When
your claim is made to appear like a statement of fact, or when you don’t
qualify it then the statement appears to be very sure. This is a strong
claim. However, when you have limited data or when you’re not too sure
of the quality of research done, or when you’re in doubt as to the general
applicability of a finding, you have to HEDGE your statements. Hedging is
the use of expressions to weaken or to qualify your claim.

Hedging can be done by:

1. Expressing probability through MODAL AUXILIARY.
Example: Reduced speed may result in fewer injuries.
It is probable that reduced speed will…
There is a slight possibility that reduced…

2. Distancing yourself from a strong claim.

Example: Consumers seem to have less confidence in the economy.
It would appear that consumers have less confidence in the economy.
According to this preliminary study, consumers have less confidence…
On the limited data available, it would seem like consumers have less
confidence…

3. Qualifying a generalization.
Example: Consumers tent to have less confidence in the economy.
A majority of consumers have less confidence in the economy.
Except for the rich, a majority of consumers have less confidence in
the economy.

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4. Using a weaker verb.
Example: The political instability contributed to the low confidence in the
economy.

When presenting numerical, you don’t use hedging expressions

because the figures speak for themselves; however, in commenting on
data, you often need to hedge. For example: In the latest SWS survey,
more than 4 million Filipinos are jobless. This could be due to the
mismatch between labor needs and labor qualifications.

CONCLUSION

You conclude a commentary by giving explanations or

discussing the implications of the data. In academic writing, researched-
based explanations carry more weight than cursory comments or
speculations. In this regard, remember to observe proper documentation
of your sources of information.

You may also conclude a data commentary by suggesting future

research directions, if appropriate.

ACTIVITIES

Activity No. 1

Identify the word being described in each statement.

1. The part where one can suggest future research directions.
2. It is the writer’s view or interpretation of the data.
3. It is where one indicates the data contained in the diagram or figure.
4. The part where one discusses the significant data.
5. It can be in the form of tables or figures.

Activity No. 2

Identify the correct words that will complete the thought of the
paragraph.

The summarized findings are written in the present tense, active

or passive voice. They may (1.)__________ A. suppress B. limit C. contain D.
control statistics (quantities, decimal numbers, percentages, ratios, and
proportions). However, these statistics are (2.)__________ A. limited B.
boundless C. incomplete D. ceaseless to general or salient items. Moreover,
insignificant or unnecessary (3.)__________ A. decision B. verdict C. findings
D. definition are excluded from the list. Presented in a tabular format or in

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another form, the main findings are expected to provide key (4.)__________ A.
knowledge B. word C. news D. information concerning the quality of
evidence (5.)__________ A. dispersed B. gathered C. distributed D. mobilized
through the survey, experiment, observation, or another method and the
sum of the available data on the main outcomes.

Activity No. 3

Read each statement carefully and write A if you AGREE and D if you
DISAGREE.
1. All presented tables and figures can be discussed in one paragraph.
2. As one comments on a data, he/she must cite the relevant figure(s) in
the table/figure.
3. One can conclude a commentary by giving explanations or discussing
the implications of the data.
4. A figure is ideal for showing general trends and patterns and for
pointing out comparisons among data.
5. A data discussion is a repetition of the figures in paragraph form.

WRAP-UP

Now, based on your understanding of the lesson, I’d like you to complete the
given statement:
I have learned/discovered that in order to present data I must:
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

VALUING

Let’s us now reflect on the given passage about family:

“Family is the support you will never have to pay for because
come rain, or shine, they will be there to cheer you on every of
your life goals.” ̴ Davis Macron

POSTTEST

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Study the given diagram. Provide three-five sentence analysis on the title
and the data given.

Usage of Social Media by Age

18.3

42.1

39.6

Adolescents Adults Senior Citizens

________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________

REFERENCES

Barrot, J., and P. Sipacio. “Communicate Today English for Academic and
Professional Purposes”. Manila: C & E Publishing, Inc., 2016
Miciano M., and R. Miciano. “Enhanced English Engagements English for
Academic and Professional Purposes. Makati City: SalesianaBooks by Don
Bosco Press, Inc., 2016.

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Menoy, Jesus Z. 2016. English for Academic and Professional Purposes: A
Multidisciplinary Approach. Mandaluyong: Books Atbp. Publishing Corp.
Muhammad, Zia. 2019. Digital World. October. Accessed August 2020.
https://www.digitalinformationworld.com/2019/10/monthly-active-users-
of-top-social-media-platforms-and-messaging-apps.html.

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