8.3 Solving Equilibrium Problems For Bases (SCH4U)
Uploaded by
Michelle Ng8.3 Solving Equilibrium Problems For Bases (SCH4U)
Uploaded by
Michelle NgName: _______________ Date: _____________
8.3 Solving Equilibrium Problems for Bases (SCH4U)
For strong bases, there is 100% dissociation. Thus, if there is 0.1 mol/L NaOH(aq), then
[OH-]= 0.1 mol/L (1:1). Similarly 0.1 mol/L Ca(OH) 2(aq), would yield [OH-]= 0.2 mol/L
(2:1).
(Arr.) NaOH(aq) → Na+(aq) + OH-(aq)
(B-L) NaOH(aq) + H2O(l) → Na+(aq) + OH-(aq) + H2O(l)
(Arr.) Ca(OH)2(aq) → Ca2+(aq) + 2OH-(aq)
(B-L) Ca(OH)2(aq) + H2O(l) → Ca2+(aq) + 2OH-(aq) + H2O(l)
Group 1 hydroxides are strongest, Group 2 hydroxides are somewhat strong. All other
bases are weak. Most weak bases contain amines or are derived from ammonia.
Solving problems with weak bases
Hydrazine is a weak base. Other weak bases are listed on P. 404 and P. 597
N2H4(aq) + H2O(l) ⇌ HO-(aq) + N2H5+(aq)
− +
[𝐻𝑂 (𝑎𝑞)][𝑁2𝐻5 (𝑎𝑞)]
K= [𝑁2𝐻4(𝑎𝑞)][𝐻2𝑂(𝑙)]
Density of water – constant
− +
[𝐻𝑂 (𝑎𝑞)][𝑁2𝐻5 (𝑎𝑞)]
Kb = [𝑁2𝐻4(𝑎𝑞)]
P. 597 Kb values
Note that N2H5+(aq) is a conjugate acid of hydrazine. Thus, in the reverse:
N2H5+(aq) + H2O(l) ⇌ H3O+(aq) + N2H4(aq)
+
[𝐻3𝑂 (𝑎𝑞)][𝑁2𝐻4(𝑎𝑞)]
Ka = +
[𝑁2𝐻5 (𝑎𝑞)]
If we multiply Ka and Kb,
+ − +
[𝐻3𝑂 (𝑎𝑞)][𝑁2𝐻4(𝑎𝑞)] [𝐻𝑂 (𝑎𝑞)][𝑁2𝐻5 (𝑎𝑞)]
Ka x Kb = + x [𝑁2𝐻4(𝑎𝑞)]
[𝑁2𝐻5 (𝑎𝑞)]
Ka x Kb = [HO-(aq)] x [H3O+(aq)]
But Kw = [HO-(aq)] x [H3O+(aq)]
Therefore Kw = Ka x Kb or 1 x 10-14 = Ka x Kb
Name: _______________ Date: _____________
Sample problem: Q29 P. 407
NH3(aq) + H2O(l) ⇌ NH4+(aq) + OH-(aq)
R 1 1 1 1
I 0.105 / 0 0
C -x / +x +x
E 0.105 - x / x x
Use Kb from P. 597 = 1.8 x 10-5
2
𝑥
1.8 x 10-5 = 0.105 − 𝑥
Using 1000 rule, assume x = 0 in denominator
−5
x = 1. 8 × 10 × 0. 105
x = 0.00137 mol/L = [OH -]
pOH = -log 0.00137 = 2.86
pH = 14 - 2.86 = 11.14
HW P. 407 Q30-34
Conjugate Bases
Anions of acids are formed from reaction with water and are called conjugate bases of the
acid. Conjugate bases when reacted with water, will form a basic solution.
Take for example the bicarbonate ion (HCO3-(aq)). This ion is the conjugate base of
carbonic acid (H2CO3(aq)). We can also get this ion from a salt such as sodium
bicarbonate or lithium bicarbonate. When the bicarbonate reacts with water, a base forms.
HCO3-(aq) + H2O(l) ⇌ HO-(aq) + H2CO3(aq)
Sample Problem: If 0.20 mol/L sodium bicarbonate dissolves in water, what is the pH?
Ans:
Since sodium bicarbonate is soluble, all of the sodium bicarbonate will dissociate 100%.
NaHCO3(aq) → Na+(aq) + HCO3-(aq)
Name: _______________ Date: _____________
Use the bicarbonate ion equilibrium to solve for pH. Use an ICE chart
HCO3-(aq) + H2O(l) ⇌ HO-(aq) + H2CO3(aq)
I 0.20 / 0 0
C -x / +x +x
E 0.20 - x / x x
Since this is a basic solution, we need Kb(not Ka). There is no Kb value on P. 597, thus,
use Ka1 to find Kb. You will need an equilibrium constant to solve for x. Solve for OH-,
then pH.
Ka1 = 4.5 x 10-7
Kb = Kw/Ka = 1 x 10-14/4.5 x 10-7 = 2.22 x 10-8
2
𝑥
0.20 − 𝑥
= 2.22 x 10-8
[OH-] = x = 6.67 x 10-5 mol/L
pOH = -log 6.67 x 10-5
pOH = 4.18
pH = 14 - 4.18 = 9.82
