SUBSTATION AUTOMATION SYSTEMS

A mini project submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the Degree of

BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY of the Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh By 1. Aashik Francis 2. Balakrishna Karthik Kuppa 08J41A0201 08J41A0211

Under the esteemed guidance of Mr. T.Sai Kumar

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING MALLA REDDY ENGINEERING COLLE GE Maisammaguda,Dhulapally,Kompally, Medchal Road, Hyderabad-501401. A.P. INDIA 2011-12

CERTIFICATE This is to certify that the project entitled

SUBSTATION AUTOMATION SYSTEM

BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY
of the Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh is record of bonafide work carried out by

1. Aashik Francis 2. Balakrishna Karthik Kuppa

08J41A0201 08J41A0211

MALLA REDDY ENGINEERING COLLEGE Maisamma guda,Dhulapally,Kompally Medchal Road, Hyderabad 501401.

Under our supervision and guidance

Mr.T.Sai Kumar

Lab Manager

External Examine r

Acknowledgment

With great pleasure we want to take this opportunity to express our heartfelt gratitude to all the people who helped in making this project work a grand success.

We are very much thankful to Mr. Hanumanth Rao and Mr. T.Sai Kumar for giving us this opportunity to do this project and help us get a learning expierence in the Substation. We express our deep sense of gratitude to Mr. T.Sai Kumar for his constant guidance throughout our project work.

First of all we would like to thank Mr.A.N.Sarma. , Head of the Department of Electrical & Electronics Engineering, for being moral support throughout the period of our study in MREC.

We are highly indebted to Principal Prof. M. Ralinga Reddy, for giving us the permission to carry out this project.

We should likely to thank all teaching and nonteaching staff of Department of Electrical & Electronics Engineering for sharing their knowledge with us.

Last but not least; we express our sincere thanks to Ch.Malla Reddy,Chairman, Malla Reddy group of institutions, for his continuous care towards our achievements.

Mr. Aashik Francis Mr. Karthik Balakrishna Kuppa

CONTENTS:

Chapter No. 1

Description Introduction

Page No.

Chapter-I INTRODUCTION

Introduction to the Industry

An Overview
BHEL is the largest engineering and manufacturing enterprise in India in the energyrelated/infrastructure sector, today. It is among the most profitable companies in India for the past three decades. BHEL is one of the only four Indian companies and the only Indian Public Sector Enterprise figuring in 'The Global Innovation 1000' of Booz & Co., a list of 1,000 publicly-traded companies which are the biggest spenders on R&D in the world. BHEL has also won the coveted CII-Thompson Reuters Innovation Award 2010 in the 'Hi-tech Corporate' category. The award recognizes BHEL's innovation and entrepreneurship in India based on number of patents and efficiency and impact of innovation as measured by patent citations. It is a Navratna Company. BHEL strength is in its core segments. Its core segments are: 1. Power generation 2. Transmission 3. Transportation 4. Oil & Gas

Core Sectors
1. Captive Power Generation: Supplied more than 400 captive power plants in India & abroad Largest supplier of Co-generation Plants for Sugar industry in the world

Industrial Steam Turbines as generator drives as well as drive Turbines for compressors, pumps & blowers up to 150 MW unit rating

Complete range of heavy duty Gas Turbines under technical collaboration with GE, USA and Siemens, Germany up to 250 MW unit rating (fuels like natural gas, LPG, distillate oil, naptha, kerosene & LSHS)

Industrial boilers, chemical recovery boilers, FBC boilers, HRSGs Diesel Generating Sets up to 16 MW unit rating.

2. Transmission: Supplied transformers and reactors totaling more than 200,000 MVA capacity in India and Abroad Completed 500kV, 1500 MW, HVDC line projects, Rihand, Delhi & Chandrapur

Padghe and 200 MW, 200 kV National HVDC line project High Voltage Direct Current (HVDC) systems, reactive power substations Complete power system studies Transmission products include transformers, switchgear, insulators, energy meters compensation,

3. Transportation: Locomotives Traction Equipment Electric Trolley Bus system Light Rail Transit system Mass Rapid Transit system 66% of Indian Railways rolling stock runs on BHEL manufactured traction equipment supplied more than 50,000 traction motors BHEL is the first in India to supply dual voltage AC/DC locomotives - Supplied over 160 locomotives to Indian Railways Countrys first underground metro at Calcutta is equipped with BHEL drives & controls Diesel electric shunting locomotives for industrial applications EMU based mass rapid transit systems

4. Oil & Gas: Valves Oil Rigs Pumps

Seamless Steel Tubes & Piping Shoot Blowers for Refinery Heaters Oil Tank automation System

BHEL in R&D
To remain competitive and meet customers' expectations, BHEL lays great emphasis on the continuous up gradation of products and related technologies, and development of new products. BHEL's commitment to advancement of technology is reflected in its involvement in the development of futuristic technologies like fuel cells and superconducting generators. BHEL's investment in R&D is amongst the largest in the corporate sector in India. During the year 2010-11, BHEL invested Rs.10,050 Million on R&D efforts- 21% higher than the previous year. R&D and technology development are of strategic importance to BHEL as it operates in a competitive environment where technology is a key driver. Technology development efforts undertaken by BHEL have led to the filing of patents and copyrights at the rate of nearly one a day, significantly enhancing the company's intellectual capital. In 2010-11, BHEL filed 303 patents and copyrights, enhancing the company's intellectual capital to 1,438 patents and copyrights filed, which are in productive use in the company's business. The year saw a massive growth in grant of patents and copyrights. A total of 91 patents and copyrights were granted during the year. Currently, 532 patents & copyrights are in force. Notably, BHEL has been ranked as the Number One Company in India in terms of filing of patents by the Economic Times Intelligence Group. Significantly, BHEL is one of the only four Indian companies and the only Indian Public Sector Enterprise figuring in 'The Global Innovation 1000' of Booz & Co., a list of 1,000 publiclytraded companies which are the biggest spenders on R&D in the world. BHEL has also won the coveted CII-Thompson Reuters Innovation Award 2010 in the 'Hi-tech Corporate' category. The award recognizes BHEL's innovation and entrepreneurship in India based on number of patents and efficiency and impact of innovation as measured by patent citations. The company's Corporate R&D division at Hyderabad leads BHEL's research efforts in a number of areas of importance to BHEL's product range. Research and Product Development (RPD) centers at all its manufacturing divisions play a complementary role. BHEL has introduced, in the recent past, several state of the art products. Commercialization of products and systems developed by way of in-house Research and Development contributed Rs.77,580 Million corresponding to around 18% to the company's total turnover in 2010-11.

In keeping with the National commitment to a clean environment, BHEL has developed the technology for Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle (IGCC) power plants and is pursuing the development of Advance Ultra Supercritical Thermal Power Plants in the country. BHEL is also actively working on a number of projects in futuristic areas like Clean Coal Technology Nano , Technology, Fuel Cells, Superconductivity and thin film solar cells, etc. to advance the development of technologies for power and industry sector. The engineering and technology character of the organization will be further enhanced with increased focus on innovation and R&D.

Products
1. Power: Air Pre-heaters Boilers Control relay panels Electrostatic precipitators Fans Gas turbines Pumps Pulverizers Hydro Power Plants Steam Turbines Steam Generators

2. Transmission: Bushings Capacitors Energy Meters Switch Gears Insulators Power semiconductor devices HVDC transmission systems

3. R&D products: Fuel cells Surface coatings Automatic storage & retrievals Load sensors

Transparent conducting oxide

BHEL on Environment
BHEL has joined the "Global Compact" of United Nations and has committed itself to support it and the set of core values enshrined in its ten principles. The "Global Compact" is a partnership between the United Nations, the business community, international labour and NGOs. It provides a forum for them to work together and improve corporate practices through co-operation rather than confrontation. BHEL has developed a CSR Scheme and its Mission Statement on CSR is "Be a Committed Corporate Citizen, alive towards its Corporate Social Responsibility". BHEL's contributions towards Corporate Social Responsibility till date include adoption of villages, free medical camps/charitable dispensaries, schools for the underprivileged and handicapped children, ban on child labour, disaster/natural calamity aid, Employment for handicapped, Widow resettlement, Employment for Ex-serviceman, irrigation using treated sewage, pollution checking camps, plantation of millions of trees, energy saving and conservation of natural resources through environmental management. As part of social commitment, 3626 Act Apprentices were trained in the company; 7011 students/trainees from various professional institutions underwent vocational training; 56 villages having nearly 80,000 inhabitants have been adopted. In addition, BHEL provides financial assistance to various NGOs/Trusts/Social Welfare Societies that are engaged in social welfare activities throughout the country. BHEL shares the growing concern on issues related to Environment and Occupational Health & Safety (OHS), and is committed to protecting Environment in and around its own establishment, and to providing safe and healthy environment to all its employees. For fulfilling these obligations, a Health, Safety & Environmental Policy has been formulated and implemented through management systems. In recognition of this, BHEL has been awarded the ISO 14001 Environmental Management Systems Certification and OHSAS 18001 Occupational Health & Safety Management Systems Certification from M/s Det Norske Veritas (DNV). Under UNDP programme for specialized services in the area of Environment, BHEL has set up a Pollution Control Research Institute (PCRI). BHEL also has a Model Centre for Occupational Health Services at Trichy, which is a pioneer in this field in India. Today it offers a wide range of occupational health care as well as expertise in work Environment monitoring, Toxicology, Ergonomics and in organization of OHS to

multitude of industries for different sectors in India. Few ILO sponsored candidates from African countries have undergone training at this Model centre. BHEL is a member of CoRE (Corporate Roundtable on Development of Strategies for Environment) launched by The Energy Research Institute (TERI). CoRE is envisaged as a means to facilitate a proactive and catalytic role for industry in addressing the environmental problems plaguing India and helping the industry towards sustainability paradigm. CoRE is now a partner organization to the WBCSD (World Business Council for Sustainable Development). It has signed a memorandum of understanding with WBCSD, now called as CoRE-BCSD, India. Interfaces between companies such as BHEL, TERI and the WBCSD would provide an important link to address issues of sustainable development at a global level and to learn and exchange experience of the participating companies. BHEL's commitment to environmental issues can be seen as an integral part of its core business. In the field of Non-conventional and Renewable Energy, BHEL has successfully launched products like wind electric generators, solar heating systems, solar photovoltaic systems, solar lanterns and battery powered road vehicles. Technology up gradation has been done to minimize environmental impact of fossil energy products, by way of low-NOx oil/ gas burners, circulating fluidized bed combustion boilers etc