Volume 7, Issue 5, May – 2022 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology

ISSN No:-2456-2165

Assessment of School Security Practices Implemented

at Visayas State University Tolosa in the New Normal
Marieli Cherry Catacio Cipres
College of Criminal Justice Education, Doctor of Philosophy Student,
University of the Cordilleras, Philippines, 0000-0003-0575-9342

Abstract:- This study purposely examined school security security risks. These security practices include rules and
measures implemented at Visayas State University Tolosa regulations regarding student conduct such as potentially
in Eastern Visayas specifically in the Municipality of violence arising from students’ activities. The security
Tolosa. The Theoretical Framework of Scheider, Walker, measures also include security strategies like monitored door
Sprague (2000), on Safe School Design for educational gates or exits, the use of metal detectors, the presence of
leaders applying the principles of crime prevention security guards on campus patrol and possibility of students to
through environmental design was used in the study. The link with terrorist or fraternities causing negative effects and
study utilized quantitative methods for which a responses. All of these are examples on the value of school-
questionnaire was employed to elicit information on the based security practices done at the academic institutions
nature of school security practices on the aspects of specifically in Visayas State University Tolosa on the security
human, physical, technological/electronic security concerns.
practices as well as from the recent Commission on Higher
Education (CHED) and Department of Health (DOH) Presently, one of the major challenges that our Philippine
Minimum Public Health standards as adapted from government is facing is the issue on the Covid 19 Pandemic as
CHED-DOH Joint Memorandum Circular No. 2021-004. students across the attends classes through the internet for
The security measures included monitoring of school gates millions of students in the Philippines are staying home for
and exits, use of metal detectors and presence of security almost two years (Gutierrez, et.al, 2021). However, the
officers, as well as the emergency/crisis preparedness of the government’s pandemic task force approved last year the
institutions. The questionnaires were administered to a phased rollout of face to face classes for colleges and
total of 170 respondents all of whom are school employees. universities, (Abad, 2021)” Limited face-to-face classes are
The results of the study revealed that the Institution now allowed under Alert 1,2 and 3 subject to certain
implemented some security measures on various aspects conditions,” Resolution No. 148-G of the inter-Agency Task
like infrastructure/physical security, and Force (IATF) for the Management of Emerging Infectious
personnel/human security practices. At some point the Diseases.
level effectiveness of security measures was observed very
much effective for Structure/Physical security, as well as In a briefing conducted last November 2021 before the
very much effective for personnel/human security house committee on higher and technical education, CHED
measures and much effective for technological or Chairperson Prospero de Vera emphasized “for schools to be
electronic security and very much effective for the allowed to conduct the classes, CHED will require them to
implementation of the Commission on Higher Education- retrofit, facilities to be protective from COVID-19 and to
Department of Health minimum public health standards. comply with minimum public health standards. Thus, CHED
Overall, most of the gaps observed were on less has released the Memorandum Circular No. 2021-004
involvement of the employees to security measures, Guidelines on the implementation of Limited Face-to-face
inadequate technological and electronic security classes for all program of Higher Education Institution’s
equipment. Moreover, from the recent traumatic (HEIs) in Areas Under Alert Levels System for Covid 19
experience of the employees of the School from a disaster Response.
affecting the region, more security personnel, including
student and school employees were recommended to be Another major challenges that Philippine government is
trained to equip them to handle any future and similar facing before the school lockdown is the issue on managing
crisis/emergency situations. the increasing trends of violence in academic settings. It has
become the forefront responsibility of schools to protect the
Keywords:- Assessment, School, Security, Measures, welfare of our younger generations as molded in academic
Practices, Higher Educational Institution, New Normal. institutions especially that schools is now allowed to gradually
open for face to face classes. Recent study describes State
I. INTRODUCTION universities and Private colleges’ security practices to prevent
rising condition of threats in campus. Media reports
Security is one of the primary concerns of the nationwide also highlighted violence which is no longer new
governments. Full attention has been given to Higher in some schools and occurrence of serious violence such as
Education Institutions (HEIs) security to address the security shootings are happening in few HEIs campuses while other
threats. Thus, all HEIs in the country are also allocating funds forms of violence are even unreported continue to take place.
on security purposes in order to address possible arising The incidents like physical attacks, fights (without a weapon),

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Volume 7, Issue 5, May – 2022 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165
theft, larceny, or vandalism and weapons carried in school Columbine shooting, elementary schools were 16 percentage
premises are threatening. Any school-based violence is points more likely to lock exits after Columbine and, over
alarming and has become a public’s knowledge in local media time, were more likely to use visitor sign in procedures. In
taking place in schools and universities. These occurrences not several models, the racial/ethnic composition of the school had
only maligned school reputation but it also possesses questions a moderating influence. Policy and educational implications
on campus security of children where schools are considered are examined.
safe haven for youth and children.
In a study conducted by (Bergeron, 2016) found out that
Several studies conducted abroad about School based the biggest threat or concern related to school security within
security measures among of these was conducted by Jonson the school were the following: Active shooter, intruder,
(2017) this was about the massacres at Columbine High neighborhood, entry points, crazy people and natural disasters.
School, Virginia Tech, and Sandy Hook Elementary School The following security measures should also be put into
drew public attention to the issue of school shootings. Many considerations; (1) Access control and doors/entry/exit- these
schools hired armed security personnel, restricted access to should be secured in order to avoid intruder in the school
campus buildings, installed metal detectors, and trained facility; (2) knowledge and training these includes Information
individuals on how to respond when a shooter enters school on school safety and security is disseminated and
grounds in response to calls for something to be done to communicated. (especially between the teachers and staff and
safeguard our children, faculty, and staff. Many of these the administration); More opportunities for educators and staff
security measures, on the other hand, were adopted with little to participate in school safety training. policies, methods,
to no reference to the empirical research. Failure to implement priorities, and practices; and There will be more opportunities
evidence-based remedies has had unintended budgetary and for practice, rehearsals, and drills across the board. critical
hidden implications that are only now becoming apparent. circumstances that could occur at school (3) Student
This essay fills that hole by evaluating the empirical facts Concerns- Student supervision issues (i.e., a lack of student
underlying typical security measures taken in reaction to well- supervision) and student compliance issues are almost evenly
publicized school shootings and advocating for a data-driven distributed. Students' concerns included the ability for students
approach to school safety. to essentially roam the halls freely in some schools, as well as
compliance issues such as student non-compliance with school
In a case study written by Kwon, et.al (2021) when it safety and security procedures (complacency) or more
comes to school security and to promote safety they found out deliberate disruptive actions (subterfuge) on the part of
in their study that to protect students from infection, a "school students to circumvent or sabotage school safety and security
disinfection plan" was implemented at the individual and class efforts; (4) Parental issues- Non-compliance by parents with
level. In addition, for effective implementation, school health guest check-in/out, drop-off, and pickup procedures. Concerns
activities were carried out with a "personal protection safety about problems with custody issues involving pupils and non-
belt" and a "community protection safety belt." The custodial parents coming to school, as well as potentially
"prevention safety belt strategy" was introduced in accordance aggressive or violent parents both at home and potentially in
with governmental guidelines to sequentially implement the school context, were almost equally voiced, indicating the
various preventive measures necessary to ensure need for mitigation strategies; (5) Notification and Alarm
environmental safety of schools in order to ensure a safe Systems In some schools, there was no dependable notice or
educational environment for high school students and to public address system (one depended solely on its typical bell
ensure smooth execution of face-to-face classes (in-person system), and in others, there were uncertainties about the
teaching). Personal preventative safety belts were activated by usefulness of existing systems; and lastly (6) School resource
checking students' symptoms when they entered the school Officers and/or Armed Security officers- This category is
and throughout each class, and self-made disinfectants were about dealing with guns and weapons, and it was created in
provided by spraying alcohol on wet-wipes. These were cost- response to a perceived need among some faculty and staff for
effective and sustainable approaches utilized in this school. designated (non-security) personnel to have weapons training
The experience of designing a prevention safety belt approach and access to firearms at school, or to allow concealed carry
to fit the local education office's recommendations to the weapon permit holders to have access to their own weapons
school environment was shared. The concept of prevention while on school grounds.
safety belts served to unite and inspire voluntary engagement
of students in health promotion activities by focusing on the In the research article of Nguyen.et.al (2020) and
school community as well as individual students and teacher. Jaarsveld (2011) discusses physical security as part of security
that one is able to see. It is implemented as a security measure
As mentioned by Curran,et.al (2020) Policymakers and in order to ensure the safety of personnel and property. When
educators seek strategies to prevent school shootings after physical security measures are implemented in the correct and
high-profile incidents, but there has been little study on effective manner, it will ensure maximum protection.
school-level responses in the early aftermath of such incidents. However, it is important to bear in mind that physical security
Using a nationally representative sample of elementary school only forms a part of a total integrated security system and
principals from the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study, this should not be used on its own.
study examines how school-level security measures and
practices changed after the 1999 Columbine shooting. Using
variation in the timing of survey completion relative to the

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Volume 7, Issue 5, May – 2022 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165
Fry, et.al (2016) study found out that Many schools in the might often cause more problems than the ones they are
United States try to create safe learning environments by intended to solve.
putting in place visible security measures including cameras,
metal detectors, and security guards. This study looked at how Thus, this study has sought to assess school-based
people use visible security measures and some of the factors security practices whether real or perceived. This study will
that influence them. Multiple waves of two nationally describe existing gaps in security measures, an issue schools
representative surveys yielded responses from school faced. This study further looked into the school security
administrators and students. There were three latent kinds of measures and implementation of the COVID 19 protocol
visible security measures discovered. The heaviest security which was specified under CHED-DOH minimum public
latent class was connected with student race/ethnicity and health standards which was just implemented in the institution
school disorder and was most commonly found in large this academic year.
metropolitan high schools in the South. The findings have
implications for future study into the efficiency of visible To date, from observation, the researcher did not have
security measures. any document to support studies on school-based security
measures in local context. The study is limited to the use of
Mowen & Manierre (2017) found out that despite the fact one-shot data collection by means of using questionnaire and
that delinquency in US schools is at record lows, school documents to describe school-based security measures
authorities, parents, and policymakers continue to be implemented in Visayas State University Tolosa.
concerned about the issue. Many academics believe that the
current disciplinary method in the United States is excessively  Statement of the Problem
severe. While some studies have looked at the impact of This study attempted to answer the following questions:
punitive security on students' perceptions of safety and general 1. What are the School-Based Security Measures
well-being, there has been little focus on the influence of these Implemented at VSU Tolosa?
measures in extracurricular activities. The findings reveal that 2. What is the level of effectiveness of school security
kids who attend schools with more security measures are less measures applied at VSU Tolosa?
involved in extracurricular activities, while the existence of
security measures does not correlate with lower levels of II. METHODS
participation over time.
This study uses the evaluation framework employing
As studied by Fisher, et.al (2021) school-based security quantitative approach in order to answer possible complex
is most likely perceived by the presence of security cameras as questions anchored in this research. It objectively measures
the prevalent methods for preventing and detecting school the variable(s) of interest and constructs identified, with
crime and violence since the late 1990s in their study using attention to validity and reliability. A quantitative research
multiple waves of the nationally representative School Survey typically reduces the data through mean, median, and
on Crime and Safety. It investigates the link between installing statistics. In this study, a quantitative research designed was
school security cameras and the outcomes of crimes following evaluation approach. Using the evaluation
documented by the school. The number of offenses reported to approach, the data were collected from survey
the police, the frequency of social disturbances, and the questionnaires. Furthermore, some of the data were
amount of exclusionary punishment imposed are all factors to acquired through the document reviews which provided
consider. The findings revealed null effects for all outcomes insights into the practice, and how the school stakeholder
and a number of alternate specifications, indicating that crime viewed these security circumstances in the research sites.
and punishment patterns in schools with cameras were similar The quantitative nature of the study begins with a
to those in schools without cameras. Theoretical and practical theoretical perspective or views of the stakeholders’
concerns are used to understand the findings. security management and practices observed in the school.

According to Rooney (2015) The recent decade has The total enumerated population for this study are
witnessed an increase in the development of high-security teaching (76), non-teaching (94), a total of (170) one
fences surrounding schools, in a movement away from the hundred seventy personnel was considered in this study.
open or low-fenced grounds that have traditionally been a
staple of Australian school design. These structures, far from Table 1. Respondents of the study.
being passive and inert, act to reshape the landscape's RESPONDENTS CODE NUMBER OF
possibilities for mobility and connectivity. Beyond the impact RESPONDENTS
of fences on safety and security, this research investigates the FACULTY 1 76
broader ramifications of these constructions. The STAFF 2 94
study conducted opens up new pathways for thinking about TOTAL 170
how children's learning is impacted by the relationship
between school, community, and the boundaries between them The research site of this study is purposively selected
by bringing together perspectives on children's experience of by the researcher and it is one of the HEIs located in Eastern
independent movement, belonging, and attachment to place. It Visayas(EV). Eastern Visayas is designated as the Region
serves as a starting point for understanding how high-security VIII composed of two main islands. The study locale is
limits affect children's development and why these structures Visayas State University-Tolosa which nestle in 18

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Volume 7, Issue 5, May – 2022 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165
hectares’ land of Barangay Tanghas, Tolosa, Leyte this indicators each and Part is an Adopted Survey
particular academic institution is directly facing the Pacific Questionnaire from CHED-DOH Minimum Public Health
Ocean (Wikipedia, 2021) which from the researcher Standards with 20 indicators. The questionnaires’ validity
perspective to consider that aside from the threat of this was subjected to three experts who reviewed the item
COVID-19 Pandemic it is also important that the school- statements and constructs identified per section. The three
based security and disaster preparedness should always be experts were identified from a security officer, a criminal
in place for this school. One of the pressing issues of justice educator, and personnel from the office of academic
Eastern Visayas is its high vulnerability to natural disasters. affairs. The questionnaire has also undergone a reliability
Studies have reported Eastern Visayas (Leyte) in the test from other HEI’s.
Philippines as a disaster capital from recent studies Permission was requested from the Campus
(Philippine Star 12/22/2013). Its infrastructure identified by Chancellor. The data collection was conducted on a one
DPWH as vulnerable when a strong earthquake hits. At shot survey through google forms and will be requested to
present, there are 31 public school buildings, 22 municipal submit immediately to the researcher upon filled-up.
buildings and others which are either dilapidated or have
storm hairline cracks as floor, walls, ceilings which are sign For statistical analysis the researcher used the
of possible collapse. Majority of the buildings were quantitative statistics was employed using means and
constructed in 1950s. percentage to describe the data from the questionnaire

The data gathered in objective was analyzed and

interpreted based on the following mean range and
interpretation.

Mean Range Interpretation

4 Very Much Effective
3 Much Effective
2 Effective
1 Less Effective

This research was conducted without monetary or food

consideration the respondents of this study are all
encourage to be involved voluntarily and names are not
indicated in the instrument, the data collected was
processed only by the researcher and stored in the email
Fig 1. Image showing the study site drive storage of the researcher.
(Source:https://www.google.com.ph/maps/place/Visayas+
State+University+Tolosa/@11.0456657,125.03427,351m/ III. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
data=!3m1!1e3!4m5!3m4!1s0x3307da7eddf8be93:0xa9b6
10441247db19!8m2!3d11.0456183!4d125.0346509) School-Based Security Measures Implemented at Visayas
State University Tolosa
Presently, the region where this institution is located School Based Physical Security Measures
have experience reported flooding caused by typhoons such
that disaster and risk reduction must be taught in public Figure 1 presents the school-based physical security
schools, Disaster risk reduction is also an integral part of measures as perceived by the respondents. This presents the
security practice in the study. The purpose of the study on different types of School-based security measures as
security measures implemented by VSU Tolosa is to assess implemented at VSU Tolosa this “new normal”. Data
vulnerability to risk and update schools in order to create a presented in this figure were the different indicators of
stable, fairly predictable environment which school clients School-Based Physical Measures and ranked from 1st to the
can move freely and safely. Thus, security measure in the 15th. Bar graphs indicates the number of responses from the
“new normal” is also included in this present study. respondents as well as the total average weight. The
physical security measures weighted mean was 3.50
This Survey questionnaire consisted of 3 parts and interpreted as “very much effective”. Accordingly, the
uses the 4 point Likert scale. Part 1 outlined the indicator Log and record each visitors and contractor entry
respondents’ profile while Part 2 solicited the school-based as well as the badge/tagged issue and return for each
security measures namely; (Physical, Human and individual with a mean of 3.99 was interpreted “very much
Technological/Electronic Security Measures) with 15 effective” ranked 1.

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Volume 7, Issue 5, May – 2022 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165

Fig 1. The School-Based Physical Security Measures as implemented at VSU Tolosa.

OVERALL WEIGHTED MEAN RATING: 3.50 Keeping school records including visitors record is
OVERALL important especially in tracing the identity of the visitor’s
DESCRIPTIVE RATING: VERY MUCH EFFECTIVE so as this new normal it is not only the name of the person
LEGEND: visiting the school as well as the requirement under health
4 3.26 - 4.00 VERY MUCH protocols as established by the Department of Health has
EFFECTIVE also been carefully checked, this is also the same with the
3 2.51 – 3.25 MUCH EFFECTIVE identity of the personnel in the institution it is very
2 1.76 – 2.50 EFFECTIVE important to display the name through an identification card
1 1.00 – 1.75 LESS EFFECTIVE of every person who are working specially in government
WM Weighted Mean services as required by the Civil Service Commissions
under Republic Act No. 11032 known as Anti-Red Tape
Concerning with the result Gama, U. G. (2010) stated Authority, this is not only for the purpose of identifying the
that the very Visitors' books, log books, and school records name of the employee but also as well for the clientele
are examples of book forms. Records were evaluated to making sure that the person they are transacting with is
identify whether are essential, substantial, important, or less legally employed in the said institution. Recently the
beneficial in school management. Following this the Chancellor of VSU Tolosa has released Memorandum
indicator Employees wear their issued identification at all Circular No. 008 series of 2022; Monitoring and ensuring
times while in school facilities and school grounds with a compliance on Anti-Red Tape Act pursuant to RA 9485 as
mean of 3.98 an interpreted as “very much effective” amended by RA No. 11032.
ranked 2.

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Volume 7, Issue 5, May – 2022 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165
Based on the results there were five indicators that got windows with the lowest mean of 2.94 and interpreted as
the most number of 1 “less effective” responses from the “much effective”, these last ranked indicators are identified
survey questionnaire.The indicator Fencing by the respondents “less effective” in the survey
(wood/concrete barrier around the school) ranked number questionnaire.
11 with the weighted mean 3.32 interpreted as “very much
effective” and indicator Signs are posted on all doors Meanwhile, Moore, P.et.al (2021-p4) study revealed
directing visitors to report to the main office, ranked 14 that a systems approach involves considering school
with the weighted mean 3.27 interpreted as “very much physical security as a component of a larger school safety
effective”, can also be observed despite of getting the mean system, which includes components of prevention,
with “very much effective” in its interpretation, these two response, and recovery. Protection and risk mitigation go
indicators got the most number of 1 or “less effective” beyond physical security to influence and interact with key
responses in the survey questionnaire. VSU Tolosa has a aspects of school violence prevention, such as student
perimeter fence that secured the Campus. However, mental health and school atmosphere, as well as emergency
because of typhoon “Odette” that cause wreckage of the response and recovery operations.
fenced that is facing directly to the shore, and left that part
of the campus opened, thus affecting the responses of the This implies that VSU Tolosa under the School-based
respondents. There were also posting found inside the security measures specifically Physical Security with a
campus but not directly pointing to the main office but general weighted mean of 3.50 and this particular school-
pointing to the areas were usually access by the students based security measures are implemented and is “very
such as the Offices of Students Affairs and Services where much effective” as observed by the employees.
this building has the support services of the school is
located, and some directions going to the canteen and to the  School-Based Human Security Measures
areas were Colleges or classrooms were located. This figure presents the School-Based Human
Security Measure indicators which comprises of the
While indicator; There is a central alarm system in the different school-based security measures applied at VSU
school, ranked 13 with weighted mean 3.20 interpreted as Tolosa.
“much effective”, and indicator; Doors secured with
security gates ranking number 14 with 3.12 mean with
“much effective” interpretation and Burglars/Grill bars on

Fig 2. School-Based Human Security Measures implemented at VSU Tolosa

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Volume 7, Issue 5, May – 2022 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165
OVERALL WEIGHTED MEAN RATING: 3.28 management (HRM) and human resource planning, as well
OVERALL DESCRIPTIVE RATING: VERY MUCH as the duties played by HR professionals. Human Resource
EFFECTIVE Planning for the Twenty-First Century delves into HRM
LEGEND: systems and their responsibilities in the workplace, as well
4 3.26 - 4.00 VERY MUCH EFFECTIVE as HR strategies for crises, the implications of downsizing
3 2.51 – 3.25 MUCH EFFECTIVE on company brand, and the potential impact of
2 1.76 – 2.50 EFFECTIVE globalization on corporate social responsibility and HRM.
1 1.00 – 1.75 LESS EFFECTIVE
WM WEIGHTED MEAN This study also reveals that there were two indicators
ranked last; Adopt-a-cop program which got the mean
Figure 2 shows that the average mean of School-Based average of 2.73 translated as “Much effective”. The
Human Security Measures implemented at VSU Tolosa institution seeks assistance of Tolosa Police Station
was 3.28 interpreted “very much effective,” the indicator specially during special events of the institution which is
Security personnel are involved in the school’s safe school very ideal for the safety and protection of the VSU Tolosa
planning process with a mean of 3.79 was interpreted as clientele. Meanwhile the study of Patalinghug, M (2017)
“very much effective” ranked 1, while the indicator lead to the conclusion that crime prevention programs were
Security personnel have clearly defined roles and successful in reducing crime. The community has benefited
responsibilities with a mean of 3.77 interpreted as “very from increased police visibility, patrolling, and other
much effective” ranked 2, this only means that VSU Tolosa initiatives, which have greatly aided the community's
employees observed the Human Security particularly the efforts to maintain peace and order.
security officer is very much visible and given importance
in the campus. Thus, resulting to a high score in the And the indicator that ranked 15 th stating
weighted means. On the other hand, this concept can also Administrators and staff are trained in personnel safety
be observed in the study conducted by Wittie, M. C. (2012) with general weighted mean of 2.51 observed as “Much
which mentioned that School-based law enforcement effective” by the VSU Tolosa employees. Meanwhile, same
security personnel or officers is a subset of the criminal result of the study conducted by Jonathan,G.K and Mbogo,
justice system that has a significant impact on the pupils R.W. (2016) it discovered that the bulk of the teaching staff
with the violation committed in schools the present of a had not participated in any of the training programs
security officers are very much important in mitigating or designed to provide them with occupational safety skills.
avoiding possible crimes. The majority of them were not active in workplace safety
discussions this threatened the safety of instructors at work
Figure 2 also reveals that there were five (5) indicators to a great amount, compromising their preparedness for
rated as “highly effective” by the respondents, and health threats and, as a result, their overall performance.
remarkably there were two (2) indicators got the same
average mean of 3.16 thus both were occupying the ranked This implies that Human Security of VSU Tolosa
11.5, Administrators and staff (including security and law implemented is ‘very much effective”, nonetheless starting
enforcement personnel) are trained in implementation of from ranked 9 down to ranked 15 was rated by the
the crisis management plan and have the training updated respondents “Much effective”. Despite of the perceived
annually. And School safety and violence prevention implementation of the security measures all 7 indicators
information is regularly provided as part of staff was observed that involvement of all employees in the crisis
development plan. The institution has an available crisis management plan and its training annually and involvement
management plan, however not all employees were trained of development plan in school safety and violence
or involved in the revision of the said plan since it is only prevention as well as the involvement of all personnel in
limited to the upper management and not all are even the training in conflict resolution methods and trainings in
involved in this particular activity. The changes in this personnel safety was given the most 1 “less effective”
approached is also accepted in the study of Athamneh rating by the respondents in the survey questionnaire.
(2018) and Starosta(2014) which states that humans have
been picked, distributed, and organized depending on their  School-Based Technological/Electronic Security
skills and job qualifications since the birth of civilization. Figure 3 presents the Technological/Electronic
Human Resources (HR) professionals' responsibilities now Security Measures implemented at VSU Tolosa it also
extend beyond recruiting and human capital management. shows the average mean of every indicator as identified
Human Resource Planning for the Twenty-First Century under the said school-based security measures.
examines contemporary trends in human resource

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Fig 3. School-Based Technological/Electronic Security

OVERALL WEIGHTED MEAN RATING: 3.00 ranked 2. And, the indicator Videoing, storing of video
OVERALL DESCRIPTIVE RATING: surveillance with the weighted mean of 3.25 interpreted as
MUCH EFFECTIVE “much effective”. The first 3 ranks in the
LEGEND: technological/electronic security measures was been
4 3.26 - 4.00 VERY MUCH EFFECTIVE observed specifically by the employees of VSU Tolosa
3 2.51 – 3.25 MUCH EFFECTIVE since the main building were the administration offices was
2 1.76 – 2.50 EFFECTIVE observed using this above mentioned security measures.
1 1.00 – 1.75 LESS EFFECTIVE However, ranked 2 and ranked 3 were observed with a high
WM WEIGHTED MEAN number of 1 “less effective” responses in the survey
questionnaire. It very much important that these security
Figure 3 reveals that the overall weighted mean rating measures should be implemented in every academic
of Technological/Electronic Security Measures as institutions as Fisher, et.al (2021) states that one of the most
implemented in VSU Tolosa is 3.00 interpreted as “much prevalent approaches for preventing and detecting school
effective”. It can be observed that in this type of school- crime and violence is the use of surveillance cameras in
based security measures there were only two (2) indicators schools.
that got the rating of “very much effective”. The indicator
Metal detectors or handheld detectors with the weighted It can be observed that more than 60% respondents
mean of 3.41 interpreted as “very much effective”, ranked have answered 1 “less effective” responses on the survey
1. And, the indicator; CCTV Closed Circuit Television with questionnaire on the following security measures; ranked
3.41 weighted mean interpreted “very much effective” (4) Intruder alarm, (5) Electrical rooms are protected by

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Volume 7, Issue 5, May – 2022 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165
high security locks and alarm systems, (6) Computer of some technology, as well as the potential for privacy
Laboratories are protected by high alarm and security infractions among pupils. Nearly half of the stakeholders
system, (7) Medical and dental Clinic is protected by high emphasized the importance of using non technological
security locks and alarm system, (8) Biology Laboratory is ways to support technology.
protected by high security locks and alarms system,
(9)Sprinkler systems (to control fire damage),(10) Canteen However, in the article written by Passow (2019)
is protected by high security locks and alarm system, (11) states that there are solutions that school leaders must
There is a two-way communication between the main office consider for achieving security in school such as: cameras
and duty stations/security office,(12) Library is protected and sensors that can detect everything from youngsters
by high security locks and alarm system,(13) The main using e-cigarettes to people entering or exiting school
office is protected by high security locks and alarm system, grounds, as well as analytics software that connects to
and (14) There is a two-way communication between the digital surveillance cameras and sensors, allowing
main office and teaching and non-teaching personnel administrators to respond proactively to possible threats.
outside the building (all locations have communication) Schools cannot have only one product to have a good safety
while indicator; Fire Alarm has 65% of 3-much effective plan. They require a web of interconnected technologies
responses. that can provide digital solutions from start to finish in the
event of an emergency.
It is not only VSU Tolosa as an institution that
hesitates on applying technological/electronic security Another study suggest that the use of technology gives
measures as Schneider (2010) states that before an advantage for a better security as mentioned in the
implementing high-tech security measures, school officials findings of Ekpoh, et.al (2020) states that the significance
should consider the possibility of unexpected for a safe school environment were reviewed, and one of
repercussions. It's possible that technological solutions the proposals was that the university management fund and
aren't the best fit for the problems at hand. They can be quite equip the security unit with modern technology to improve
costly. Any network will require ongoing maintenance, performance.
eventual upgrades, and regularly updated virus prevention
and intrusion detection systems (IDS) to guard against This implies that VSU Tolosa has implemented the
hackers and unwanted data transfers. In most cases, a full- Technological/Electronic Security as part of their School-
fledged information technology (IT) department will be based security practices as perceived by the employees as
required. “highly Effective”.

Study conducted by Schwartz.et.al (2016) also states DOH-CHED Minimum Public Health Standards
that some technology, according to experts, could be Figure 4 presents the adopted minimum standards
dangerous. Metal detectors and X-ray machines, according from Department of Health – Commission on Higher
to over 80% of panelists in the urban panel and a Education Public Health Standards. This is the recent joint
comparable percentage in the suburban/rural panel, memorandum circular as Guidelines on the Implementation
promote students to have unfavorable attitudes toward of Limited Face-to-face classes for all programs of Higher
school by making schools appear unduly fortified and Institutions in the Philippines.
unwelcoming. Experts were also concerned about the cost

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Volume 7, Issue 5, May – 2022 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165

Fig 4. DOH-CHED Minimum Public Health Standards

OVERALL WEIGHTED MEAN RATING: 3.75 There were 20 indicators set in this survey
OVERALL DESCRIPTIVE RATING: VERY MUCH questionnaire given the category DOH-CHED Minimum
EFFECTIVE Public Health Standards and identified as important
LEGEND: security measures especially this “new normal”. The
4 3.26 - 4.00 VERY MUCH EFFECTIVE indicator; Reduce transmission- VSU Tolosa ensures that
3 2.51 – 3.25 MUCH EFFECTIVE proper and regular wearing of the appropriate Personal
2 1.76 – 2.50 EFFECTIVE Protective Equipment (PPE) by the students, teaching and
1 1.00 – 1.75 LESS EFFECTIVE non-teaching personnel, and visitors while inside the
WM WEIGHTED MEAN campus premises with 3.84 weighted mean interpreted as
“very much effective” ranked 1. And the indicator;
Figure 4, shows the results of the different indicators Physical Distance in HEIs: 1.5 meters- VSU Tolosa strictly
as adopted in CHED Joint Memorandum Circular No. implement physical distancing protocols for their teaching
2021-001 known as the Guidelines on the Gradual and non-teaching personnel while inside the school
Reopening of Campus Higher Education Institutions for premises: The physical distance among teaching and non-
Limited Face-to-face classes during the Covid-19 teaching personnel attending limited face-to-face classes
Pandemic. This mandate is necessary to every institution shall be 1.5 meters with the weighted mean of 3.92
under CHED office they must follow and ensures that as interpreted as “very much effective” ranked 2.
students attend classes in in their respective institution’s
they must be safe, secured and protected this time of Meanwhile the study conducted by Lim, et.al (2020)
Pandemic. and Cirrincione, et.al (2020) states that the transmission
rate was dramatically lowered by social distancing and the
use of personal protective equipment (PPE).

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Volume 7, Issue 5, May – 2022 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165
Another study conducted by Ingram, et,al (2021) also This implies that VSU Tolosa also implements the
discusses that in the context of COVID-19 and at the start CHED-DOH Mandate Joint Memorandum Circular
of future epidemics, early and thorough infection No.2021-004 known as Guidelines on the implementation
prevention and control measures can allow workers to of Limited face-to-face classes for all programs of Higher
safely remain in or return to the workplace. Education Institutions (HEIs) in areas under alert levels
system for covid-19 response. With the overall weighted
Figure 4 also shows the 2 indicators belonging to the mean rating 3.75 interpreted as “Very much effective”. In
lower ranked; Conduct Simulations and Drills (a)Prior to addition, the institution was given the certification by
reopening of campuses for limited face-to-face classes, CHED for the gradual opening of its doors to graduating
HEIS shall conduct simulations and drills of their human undergraduate (BS Fisheries, BEEd, BSEd and BS
traffic system, crowd management, and classroom Criminology) and graduate (MS Fisheries) students for the
management, and implementation of their health and safety face-to-face classes.
protocols(b) Has a plan how to conduct drills on fire, bo mb
threat, earthquake, and other emergencies adherent to IV. CONCLUSIONS
health and safety protocols most especially physical
distancing and use of PPE (c) Has available health and Based on the data analysis and findings of the study,
safety officer, at least one (1) per occupied building/area, the researcher deduces the following conclusions; (1)
roaming around the campus to monitor strict Based on the assessment derived from the respondents;
implementation and observance of the health and safety Teaching and Non-teaching employees , that Visayas State
protocols at all times, with the weighted mean of 3.52 University Tolosa has implemented the following security
interpreted as “very much effective”. measures namely; physical, human, and
technological/electronic security measures as well as the
This means that among the Ched-DOH guidelines the CHED-DOH Public Health Protocol are all implemented;
respondents perceived this as the 2nd lowest guidelines (2) The overall security measures implemented at Visayas
implemented or applied at VSU Tolosa. In the study State University Tolosa is “very much effective” and
conducted by Unver, et.al (2018) contested that according among the four (4) classes of security measures the CHED-
to the large majority of participants, who disapproved or DOH Minimum Public Health Protocol was the most
strongly disagreed. More than 96% agreed or strongly perceived protocol especially that the institution was given
agreed that the simulator would be a useful teaching tool the certification by CHED Regional Office 8 this academic
who agreed significantly less strongly, all participants year 2021-2022 for the gradual opening of its doors to
agreed that the simulators closely resembled real-life graduating undergraduate (BS Fisheries, BEEd, BSEd and
events, accurately reflected disease states, and heightened BS Criminology) and graduate (MS Fisheries) students for
the realism of patient evaluation and treatment options the face-to-face classes.
during the drill.
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AUTHORS’ INFORMATION FORM

Title page information for first page of the manuscript

<Please fill below information>
<Marieli Cherry Catacio Cipres>
College of Criminal Justice Education, Doctor of Philosophy Student, University of the Cordilleras, Philippines

First Author – Information

<Please fill below information>
Name : Marieli Cherry Catacio Cipres
Designation :Ph.D. Student
Department :College of Criminal Justice Education
University :University of the Cordilleras
Course :Criminal Justice Education with specialization in Criminology
Residential Address :Tacloban City, Leyte, Philippines
ORCID id (if u have) : 0000-0003-0575-9342

Authors biography

MCC Cipres (Marieli Cherry Catacio Cipres) obtained her Bachelor’s degree in Criminology
from Asian Development Foundation College Tacloban City,Philippines. Then she obtained her
Master’s degree in Criminal Justice Education with specialization in Criminology from Western
Mindanao State University in Zamboanga City, Philippines. She is a registered Criminologist
having a specialization in Forensic Ballistics taken at the Professional Academy of the
Philippines, Naga City, Cebu. At present she is a Ph,D. student of University of the Cordilleras,
Baguio City, Philippines.

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