Journal of Xi'an University of Architecture & Technology ISSN No : 1006-7930

Automatic Fire Detection and Alert System

Ala Rohika Reddy1, M Vara Raghava Sai2, Jollu Vamsi3, C.S.K Raju4
1,2
Computer Science Department, GITAM Deemed to be University, Bengaluru-561203, India
3
Electronics and communication Department, GITAM Deemed to be University, Bengaluru-561203, India.
4
Department of Mathematics, GITAM Deemed to be University, Bengaluru-561203, India

Abstract:
Fire detection systems are the most critical element of any building design these days. In recent
days, fire incidents are commonly reported. This might be due to the negligence of people in many
cases. Consider a few examples, in places like fuel filling stations, crackers shops, houses, and
mainly in workplaces, etc. There are nearly thousands of fire accidents reported in a year. By taking
all these into consideration, in this paper, an automatic fire detection using a fire sensor is
introduced. The existing fire detection system detects the fire by using a fire sensor, but our
proposed system is different from that. The existing systems are with fire alarms and alerts by
raising alarm when the fire is detected within a limited space. The proposed system contains the
fire alarm, in addition to that it sends a notification to our mobile and mail can be sent to the
attached mail id which will be having the information of the accident-prone area, and also the
information needed to alert the fire station about the incident. This implemented fire detection
system will be more efficient and provide more safety when compared to the conventional fire
alarm systems available.
Keywords: NodeMCU, Fire sensor, Buzzer, Blynk app, Alarmed, Fire accident, Fire detection,
Arduino IDE.
1. Introduction:
Fire detection systems are the most critical element of any building design these days. For high-
rise buildings and multi-winged structures such as hotels and hospitals, these designs can become
complex and it is mandatory to have it installed well in advance.
Fire detection systems are designed to discover fire incidents early in their development itself. This
would help in the safe evacuation of occupants, when time will still be available. Early detection
of fire also plays a significant role in safety and alerting the emergency response personnel. By
doing so, life loss and property loss can be reduced, and the time taken for the emergency response
operation can be minimized through early detection. Because in case of early detection, the control

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efforts can be started while the fire is just starting. Most alarm systems work by providing alert
messages to the emergency responders from the location of the fire and hence speeding the process
of fire control. The loss might occur in huge scale.
By taking this into consideration, in 1993 Healey et al. [1] proposed a scheme for color video based
real time fire detection with help of spectral, spatial and temporal properties of fire. Later, In the
field of Robotics numerous researches were done on firefighting detection using robots, among
them Amano et al. [2] discussed a robot with vertically riveting moving handrails for fire detection.
Verner et al. [3] and Pack et al. [4] are discussed independent mobile robot that navigates via a
maze incisive for a fire (simulated via a burning candle), notices the candle's flame, quenches the
flame, and proceeds to a designated initial location in the maze. San-Miguel-Ayanz et al. [5]
discussed the uses of the mid-infrared and thermal bands of sensors on board airborne stages and
satellites licenses the recognition of energetic fires on the Earth’s surface. Su et al. [6] proposed
with help of Multisensor fire detection algorithm (MSFDA). The fire detection system was
executed with firefighting robot. If fire accident is true, the robot can find out fire source using the
proposed method by fire detection system and move to fire source to fight the fire using quench.
The SnakeFighter thought and designates the generic element within this perception in the form of
a water hydraulic snake robot and also, they discussed the snake fighter advantages and
disadvantages by Liljebeck Pal et al. [7]. Merino et al. [8] studied a supportive perception system
for manifold heterogeneous UAVs unmanned aerial vehicles. It contains dissimilar kind of sensors:
infrared and visual cameras and fire detectors. This system works based on a set of multiuse low-
level image-processing functions such as geo-referencing, stabilization of classifications of images
and segmentation, and it also encompasses data fusion algorithms for supportive perception. Chien
et al. [9] developed a multiple interfaced firefighting (MIB) robot with help of aluminum frame in
2007. Yuan et al. [11] has conducted a survey on methods for remote sensing and fighting of forest
fires using unmanned vehicles in 2015. Later on, in 2016 Rakib et al. [13] proposed PID controller
for an autonomous firefighting robot with fabrication process and using multisensor. With help of
image processing technique, the fire detection was examined by Toulouse et.al. [12]. In 2017&18
through IoT Kang et al. [14] with his Room temperature control and fire alarm. Susmitha et al.
[15] developed an Arduino based robot with high pressure sprinkler for firefighting.
By motivating above literature, In the existing system, we get only alarm when fire detected. In
this case, if anyone is not there near to the accident-prone area, then we cannot know that the fire

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accident has happened. Due to this we have incorporated the Automatic Fire Detection Using FIRE
SENSOR and NODE MCU.
2. Proposed system: -
This proposed system is an automated fire detection system, which on detecting fire, will take
proactive measures of alerting the respective personnel, in addition to raising the alarm like a
conventional fire detection system. It is implemented using the components like Node MCU, Fire
sensor Buzzer and blynk app (for getting a notification and sending mail). All components are
interfaced with the NodeMCU and works by automation as per uploaded code. when fire is
detected within the deployed area, the notification regarding the fire accident will be send to our
mobile and an alert mail, with the specifications of the accident location will be send to the fire
station along with the alarm buzzing, alerting the people around. With this system, we can
overcome the problem which is in the existing system. The fire sensors are deployed in small black
box around the space to be monitored. If any fire is detected by the sensor, it sends the information
to the Nodemcu. We have designed the code in such a way that whenever the fire is detected by
the sensor the alarm rings, a notification will be sent to mobile and mail will be sent to the fire
station. Blynk app is used for sending the notification and mail.

Fig 1. Fire detection system

Working:
Components Required:

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Journal of Xi'an University of Architecture & Technology ISSN No : 1006-7930

1. NodeMCU ESP8266
2. Micro USB Cable
3. Fire Sensor
4. Jumper Wires
5. Buzzer
Make the connections as given in the circuit diagram. Then upload the code in NodeMCU using
Arduino IDE. The fire sensor is connected at D0 pin to give the digital input to the NodeMCU and
Buzzer is connected at D1 pin to get digital output from the NodeMCU. If fire is detected by the
fire sensor then it gives “0” and NodeMCU turns on the buzzer, sends notification to the mobile
and a mail to the attached mail address.

Fig 2. Circuit diagram of Fire sensor

Fig.3 Fire sensor model

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FLOWCHART or Algorithm:

char auth

=”Auth token”

char ssid

=”NETWORK_SSID”

char pass

“PASSWORD”

Const int flame = D0

Const int buzz = D1

Void setup()

pinMode(flame,INPUT)

pinMode(buzz,OUTPUT)

Blynk.begin(auth, ssid, pass)

Void loop()

Int t =digitalRead(flame)

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Serial.println(t)

t==0

digitalWrite(buzz,HIGH)

Serial.println(“”)

Blynk.notify(“ALERT:Fire detected”)

Blynk.email(“[email protected]”,”ALERT”,”FIRE DETECTED AT :ADDRESS”)

digitalWrite(buzz,LOW)

Blynk.run()

Source code:
#define BLYNK_PRINT Serial
#include <ESP8266WiFi.h>
#include <BlynkSimpleEsp8266.h>
// You should get Auth Token in the Blynk App.
// Go to the Project Settings (nut icon).
char auth[] = "Auth_token"; //Enter authentication token of Blynk app.
// Your WiFi credentials.
// Set password to "" for open networks.
char ssid[] = "NETWORK_SSID"; //Enter your Network_SSID.
char pass[] = "PASSWORD"; //Enter your wifi password.
const int flame = D0;
const int buzz = D1;
void setup()
{

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pinMode(flame,INPUT);
pinMode(buzz,OUTPUT);
Blynk.begin(auth, ssid, pass);
}
void loop()
{
int t = digitalRead(flame);
Serial.println(t);
if (t==0)
{
digitalWrite(buzz,HIGH);
Serial.println("");
Blynk.notify("ALERT:Fire detected");
Blynk.email("[email protected]","ALERT","FIRE DETETED AT :ADDRESS"); // Enter
the Mail to be notified.
}
digitalWrite(buzz,LOW);
Blynk.run();
}
3. Conclusion:
In present days lot of fire accidents are occurring and been reported. Though it is been reported to
the fire rescue or emergency help personnel, the percentage of life loss and property loss are
considerably high. This is due to the lack of communication or due to the delay in informing and
getting the services of the fire rescue or emergency help personnel during an accident. So, by
adopting the proposed system, we can alert the surrounding people and also inform the firemen
regarding the accident along with the accurate location of accident area specified. Hence this is an
era of automation the proposed system is apt for the environment and to ensure the safety of all.
4. Acknowledgement:
We are very much thankful for the GITAM ELITE club members for their valuable guidance and
suggestions to improve the quality of the manuscript.

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5. References:
[1]. Healey, Glenn, David Slater, Ted Lin, Ben Drda, and A. Donald Goedeke. "A system for
real-time fire detection." In Proceedings of IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and
Pattern Recognition, pp. 605-606. IEEE, 1993.
[2]. Amano, Hisanori, Koichi Osuka, and T-J. Tarn. "Development of vertically moving robot
with gripping handrails for fire fighting." In Proceedings 2001 IEEE/RSJ International
Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems. Expanding the Societal Role of Robotics
in the the Next Millennium (Cat. No. 01CH37180), vol. 2, pp. 661-667. IEEE, 2001.
[3]. Verner, Igor M., and David J. Ahlgren. "Fire‐fighting robot contest: Interdisciplinary
design curricula in college and high school." Journal of Engineering Education 91, no. 3
(2002): 355-359.
[4]. Pack, Daniel J., Robert Avanzato, David J. Ahlgren, and Igor M. Verner. "Fire-fighting
mobile robotics and interdisciplinary design-comparative perspectives." IEEE
Transactions on education 47, no. 3 (2004): 369-376.
[5]. San-Miguel-Ayanz, Jesus, and Nicolas Ravail. "Active fire detection for fire emergency
management: Potential and limitations for the operational use of remote sensing." Natural
Hazards 35, no. 3 (2005): 361-376.
[6]. Su, Kuo L. "Automatic fire detection system using adaptive fusion algorithm for fire
fighting robot." In 2006 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man and Cybernetics,
vol. 2, pp. 966-971. IEEE, 2006.
[7]. Liljeback, Pal, Oyvind Stavdahl, and Anders Beitnes. "SnakeFighter-development of a
water hydraulic fire fighting snake robot." In 2006 9th International Conference on Control,
Automation, Robotics and Vision, pp. 1-6. IEEE, 2006.
[8]. Merino, Luis, Fernando Caballero, J. Ramiro Martínez‐de Dios, Joaquin Ferruz, and Aníbal
Ollero. "A cooperative perception system for multiple UAVs: Application to automatic
detection of forest fires." Journal of Field Robotics 23, no. 3‐4 (2006): 165-184.
[9]. Chien, Ting L., H. Guo, Kuo L. Su, and Sheng V. Shiau. "Develop a multiple interface
based fire-fighting robot." In 2007 IEEE International Conference on Mechatronics, pp.
1-6. IEEE, 2007.
[10]. Cho, Bo-Ho, Jong-Wook Bae, and Sung-Hwan Jung. "Image processing-based fire
detection system using statistic color model." In 2008 International Conference on

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Advanced Language Processing and Web Information Technology, pp. 245-250. IEEE,
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[11]. Yuan, Chi, Youmin Zhang, and Zhixiang Liu. "A survey on technologies for automatic
forest fire monitoring, detection, and fighting using unmanned aerial vehicles and remote
sensing techniques." Canadian journal of forest research 45, no. 7 (2015): 783-792.
[12]. Toulouse, Tom, Lucile Rossi, Turgay Celik, and Moulay Akhloufi. "Automatic fire pixel
detection using image processing: a comparative analysis of rule-based and machine
learning-based methods." Signal, Image and Video Processing 10, no. 4 (2016): 647-654.
[13]. Rakib, Tawfiqur, and MA Rashid Sarkar. "Design and fabrication of an autonomous fire
fighting robot with multisensor fire detection using PID controller." In 2016 5th
International Conference on Informatics, Electronics and Vision (ICIEV), pp. 909-914.
IEEE, 2016.
[14]. Kang, Do-Hun, Min-Sung Park, Hyoung-Sub Kim, Da-young Kim, Sang-Hui Kim, Hyeon-
Ju Son, and Sang-Gon Lee. "Room temperature control and fire alarm/suppression IoT
service using MQTT on AWS." In 2017 International Conference on Platform Technology
and Service (PlatCon), pp. 1-5. IEEE, 2017.
[15]. R. Sushmitha, S. Uma Bharathi, S. Sandiya, Arduino Based Fire Fighting Robot with High
Pressure Water Sprinkler, International Journal of Engineering Science and Computing,
8(4) (2018) 16804-16806.

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