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Standard Operating Procedure 1 (22)

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E.ON Elnät Sverige AB NUT-091103-027 D10-0015669 6.0

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Anläggning 2013-03-11
Dokumentansvarig Sekretessklass Godkänt av

Claes Ahlrot Open Roger Appelberg

Titel

Technical Requirements for Power Transformers

LIST OF CONTENTS

1 General............................................................................................................2
1.1 Scope .........................................................................................................2
1.2 Standards ...................................................................................................2
1.3 Marking .....................................................................................................2
2 Changes compared to earlier version...........................................................3

3 Electrical, mechanical and other requirements ..........................................3

3.1 Electrical requirements..............................................................................3
3.1.1 On-load tap-changer and cooling equipment .....................................7
3.2 Mechanical requirements ..........................................................................7
3.2.1 Transformer tank................................................................................7
3.2.2 Valves and manhole covers................................................................7
3.2.3 Surface treatment ...............................................................................8
3.2.4 Surge arresters....................................................................................8
3.2.5 Junction boxes/control cubicles and cables .......................................8
3.3 Other requirements ....................................................................................9
3.3.1 Oil and oil system ..............................................................................9
3.3.2 On-Load Tap-Changer (OLTC) .......................................................10
3.3.3 Bushings...........................................................................................12
3.3.4 Current transformers ........................................................................12
3.3.5 Cooling equipment...........................................................................14
3.3.6 Surge arresters..................................................................................15
3.3.7 Monitoring equipment......................................................................16
3.3.8 Sound power ....................................................................................17
3.3.9 Impact recorder ................................................................................18
4 Functional requirements .............................................................................18

5 Testing ...........................................................................................................18

6 Documentation .............................................................................................21

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1 General

1.1 Scope
This document constitutes E.ON Elnät Sveriges technical demands at
procurement of power transformers.
These requirements cover the general demands made by E.ON Elnät
Sverige on three-phase, 50 Hz, oil-immersed, two-winding power
transformers with rated power 6.3-125 MVA and highest voltage for
equipment 12-145 kV. Relevant parts of the requirements are also
applicable to transformers with three windings.
These requirements are not applicable on generator step-up
transformers, GSU-transformers.

1.2 Standards
The transformer supplied with accessories shall be designed,
manufactured and tested in accordance with the latest edition of the
Swedish standards. If Swedish standard is missing corresponding
European standard shall be applied. In the event of differences between
this document and the relevant standard, the technical requirements in
this document shall have precedence.

1.3 Marking
The rating plate shall contain all rated data for the transformer, the
serial number, year of manufacture, weights, type of oil, vacuum proof
tank, etc. The connections used shall be shown. On transformers with
tap-changer, the tapping position shall also be shown.

Rating plates and signs shall be made of stainless steel. Rating plate
shall be provided on the operating side of transformer. The plates and
signs shall be secured by stainless steel screws.

Transformers with tap-changers shall be provided with signs that

specify the voltage and current ratios in all tap-changer positions.

For current transformers, including those for winding temperature

measurement, a sign shall be provided for each current transformer with
a clear diagram of the current transformer connection, ratio and
terminal marking.

Durable terminal marking of bushings shall be provided on the

transformer tank cover adjacent to each bushing, by means of raised
letters which are welded or secured by screws to the tank cover. The
terminal marking shall follow international standard according to IEC
(1U, 1V, 1W etc). Each bushing shall have a rating plate with type
designation and article number. For 12 and 24 kV bushings the

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designation can be punched on the flange or be specified on special

plate on the transformer.
Cables shall be marked with embossed metal plates. All junction boxes,
thermometers, etc shall be marked with a clear description of their
functions.

2 Changes compared to earlier version

Changes compared to earlier versions are marked with a line in the right
side of the document.

3 Electrical, mechanical and other requirements

The transformer shall be designed and manufactured so that the
stipulated requirements in accordance with valid standard will be met.
Upon request, the manufacturer shall produce the necessary technical
data for the construction and design of the transformer. Examples of
such data may be information regarding the calculated electrical,
mechanical and thermal stresses associated with short circuit, current
density in the windings and the calculated flux density in the core.

The transformer shall be constructed so that required air distances are

respected without use of any special arrangements such as shields or
elevation at site.

The transformer shall be equipped with junction boxes with degree of

protection at least IP 43, according to SS-EN 60529.

3.1 Electrical requirements

Creepage distance
The creepage distance must not be less than 25 mm/kV corresponding
to “High” degree of fouling in accordance with SS-EN 60815.

Insulation levels
The transformer shall be designed and manufactured for the insulation
levels tabulated below.

Test voltages for 3-phase transformers

Rated voltage Highest voltage ACSD ACSD ACSD ACSD
primary side for equipment U1 (phase- U2 (phase- U1 (phase- U2 (phase-
(kV) primary side (kV) phase) kV phase) kV earth) kV earth) kV
140 145 230 189 230 126
77 82.5 150 107 150 62
57.5 72.5 140 - 140 -
46 52 95 - 95 -
34.5 36 70 - 70 -
23 24 50 - 50 -

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For transformers with connection group YNd5, the phase-earth test

shall be carried out with connection a1) according to SS-EN 60076-1
figure 2.

The tap-changer position for the test shall be selected according to SS-
EN 60076-3 chapter 6 to reach following voltages on secondary side.

Rated voltage Highest voltage for ACSD

secondary side equipment secondary U1 (phase-earth kV)
(kV) side (kV)
57.5 72.5 140
46 52 95
34.5 36 70
23 24 50
11.5 12 28

Separate source voltage withstand test

Highest voltage for Test voltage for
equipment primary side neutral
(kV) (kV)
145 140
82.5 or below -

The air clearance between the phase bushing terminals and earth shall
not be less than the air clearance specified in the table below SS 421 01
01, which have some deviations compared to SS-EN 60076. All air
clearances on the transformer shall consider necessary connection
terminals.

Minimum air
Highest voltage for System earthing LIWL clearances
equipment [kV] [kV] [mm]
12 Indirectly earthed 75 150
24 Indirectly earthed 125 220
36 Indirectly earthed 170 320
52 Indirectly earthed 250 480
72.5 Indirectly earthed 325 630
82.5 Indirectly earthed 380 750
145 Directly earthed 550 (phase) 1100 (phase)
325 (neutral) 630 (neutral)

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Safety distances
The transformer shall be mounted in such way that the safety distances
in chapter 6.2.4 in SS 421 01 01 are fulfilled. If extra equipment is
necessary it shall be part of the transformer delivery.

Short circuit capability

The transformer shall fulfil the short circuit requirements according to
SS-EN 60076-5. The short circuit capability shall be verified. Unless
otherwise specified the following times for thermal capability shall at
least be valid.

5 seconds on transformers rated  40 MVA

2 seconds on transformers rated > 40 MVA

Unless otherwise specified following short circuit power in the network

shall at least be valid.

Highest voltage for equipment (kV) Short-circuit power (MVA)

 24 800
36 1 000
52, 72.5 and 82.5 3 000
145 10 000

Unless otherwise specified, the short-circuit impedance shall be

selected according to the table below.

Rated power (MVA) 6.3 10 12.5 16 20 25 40 63 100 125

Rated voltage (kV) Short-circuit impedance (%)
Primary Secondary
side side
23 11.5 7 8 8
34.5 11.5 7 8 8 9
46 23 11.5 7 8 8 9 10
57.5 23 11.5 7 8 8 9 10 10
77 23 11.5 8 8 9 10 10 10
140 23 11.5 9 10 10 10 12 12 12
140 57.5 46 10 12 12 12
140 34.5 9 10 10 10 12 12 12

Connection group & Ratios

The connection group and precise voltage ratio shall be specified in the
project unique technical specification for the transformer.

Stabilizing winding (delta connected)

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All transformers with connection symbol Y/y shall be provided with a

delta connected stabilizing winding. The stabilizing winding shall be
performed with open delta connection via two bushings. Closing the
delta and earthing shall be done on the transformer tank cover.

Earthing
For earthing of 145 kV transformers neutral and surge arresters in both
neutral and phases for all voltages the transformer shall be provided
with a conductor insulated from the transformer tank. The conductor
shall be connected to the secondary side of the surge arrester. For
directly earthed neutrals these conductors shall be connected directly to
the neutral terminal.

For earthing of the transformer tank a plate shall be welded at two

diametrically opposite points at the bottom of the transformer tank. The
plate shall be provided with four holes, with a distance between centres
of 40 mm vertically and 50 mm horizontally. The holes shall be 14 mm
diameter. The surface shall be protected against corrosion and have
good electrical conductivity.

All current transformer secondary terminals shall be brought down to a

separate junction box, where every 3-phase group shall be connected by
its own earth conductor to a common earthing point. A copper
conductor with a cross-section area of at least 25 mm2 shall also be
connected to this earthing point.

Power supply for motors and control equipment

Equipment shall be designed for a maximum permitted voltage
variation between -15% to +10% in the connection point of the
apparatus.

Auxiliary contacts/switches
The rated current of the auxiliary contacts shall be at least 0.4 A at 110
V DC inductive circuit with a time constant of 40 ms.

Terminal blocks
Terminal blocks for external cables shall be provided with open-
circuiting facilities and 4 mm test outlets. The terminal board screw for
securing the wire shall not be of the lift cage type.

Power and control cables

Shielded or wire-armoured cables shall be used.

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The cable size shall be decided by the transformer supplier, although

the cross-section area for the current transformers shall not be less than
2.5 mm2 and for other applications not less than 1.5 mm2.

3.1.1 On-load tap-changer and cooling equipment

Fan and pump motors shall be designed for a 400 V, 3-phase, 50 Hz
power supply. The control voltage shall be 230 V, 50 Hz. Failure of a
fan to start shall be detectable by sensing the contactors. The equipment
shall have degree of protection IP 54 according to SS-EN 60529.

The control voltage for the on-load tap-changer shall be 110 V DC.
Unless otherwise specified, the drive motor shall be designed for 400 V
AC, 3-phase, 50 Hz power supply.

For protection against condensation the OLTC drive mechanism shall

be equipped with a permanently connected heater element provided
with a guard to prevent inadvertent touching and designed for a 230 V,
50 Hz power supply.

3.2 Mechanical requirements

3.2.1 Transformer tank

General
The tank shall be designed and manufactured so that it will withstand
full internal vacuum (vacuum-proof), and all welds shall be continuous
welds. Pressure relief valves must not be fitted to the transformer.

Bottom
The bottom of the transformer tank shall be flat and self-supporting.

Jacks
The tank shall be provided with clearly marked places to which jacks
can be applied. The distance between the bottom of the tank and the
jacking surface shall be between 300 and 350 mm. The size of the
jacking surface should not be less than 300 x 300 mm.

Tank cover
The transformer tank cover shall be welded to the transformer tank.
Welding shall be done in such a manner that it will allow for simple
opening of the tank in the future. Clear instructions for opening shall be
included in the transformer documentation. The transformer tank cover
shall be designed to prevent accumulation of water.

3.2.2 Valves and manhole covers

Sampling
Two separate valves shall be provided for oil sampling at the bottom of
the transformer tank for analysis of the bottom and top oil. The valves

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shall be clearly marked “Provtagning bottenolja” and “Provtagning

toppolja”. The valve connections shall have R ¾” male threads.

Oil regeneration
All transformers shall be provided with two valves for connection to an
oil treatment unit. The size shall at least be DN 80 with R 1 ½” male
thread.
Manhole covers
Transformers with immersed on-load tap-changers in the transformer
tank shall be provided with manhole cover for possible future
inspection of the contacts on the selector section of the tap-changer. The
manhole cover shall be continuous welded.

3.2.3 Surface treatment

External surface treatment
The transformer tank and the accessories fitted to it shall be surface
treated according to corrosivity category C4 specified in SS-EN ISO
12944. The expected durability shall be high (H) > 15 years. Corrosion
protection system shall be designation S4.22.

Internal treatment
The inside of the transformer tank and conservator shall be degreased,
shot blasted to at least surface cleanliness Sa 2 ½ according to SIS 05
59 00, blown clean and then painted.
Painting shall be carried out with a varnish that does not cause elevated
gas evolution in the oil or that has an otherwise detrimental effect on
the performance of the transformer.

Control cabinets, cooling radiators, brackets and screws

All external components on the transformer shall be either hot-dip
galvanized or made of stainless steel. Cooling radiators and brackets
shall be hot-dip galvanized with a zinc coat thickness of at least 60 m,
and shall not be painted. Control cabinets shall be of stainless steel or
aluminium. Screws and bolts shall be of stainless steel.

3.2.4 Surge arresters

Mechanical design
The surge arrester shall be designed to withstand static and dynamic
forces in the direction that is most disadvantageous.

3.2.5 Junction boxes/control cubicles and cables

Separate junction boxes for each purpose are preferable, although the
supplier is free to connect the equipment to a common control cubicle,
provided that distinct partitions clearly separate the various parts.

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NOTE! Current transformers and any capacitive terminals shall always

be wired to separate junction boxes.

Junction box 1. Supervisory equipment;

Gas-actuated protective device (Buchholz relay)
Oil level indicators
Thermometers
Pressure switch for tap-changer
Junction box 2. Secondary windings of the current transformers on the
transformer primary side
Junction box 3. Secondary windings of the current transformers on the
transformer secondary side
Junction box 4. Cooling equipment controls. This control cubicle shall
be mounted on anti-vibration pads

Power and control cables

Cables running on the transformer must not rest directly on the cover or
the tank. Cables shall be protected against physical damage by sheet
steel protection or effective armouring. However, the protection of the
cables must not be located so that water run-off will be hampered.
Clamps and straps shall be made of stainless steel.
Cables shall enter the junction boxes from below or diagonally from
below, so that water will be unable to run along the cable towards the
seal.

3.3 Other requirements

3.3.1 Oil and oil system

Oil
The necessary quantity of transformer oil for commissioning the
transformer shall be included in the delivery. The oil shall be
naphthene-based, inhibited with at least 0.3 % of anti-oxidant of di-tert
butyl paracresol (DBPC) according to SS-EN 60296, class (03)
classification “Special Applications Arctic High Grade”. Only oil that
has been approved in writing by the Purchaser is acceptable, as example
Nynäs Nytro 10XN and Shell Diala DX can be used.

The supplier shall submit an oil specification for the Purchaser’s

approval. The specification shall clearly specify the principal base of
the oil, the refining site and the country of origin.

Contents of PCB in the oil are strictly forbidden, down to lowest

detectable ppm level of PCB.

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Oil system
The oil system of the transformer shall be separated from the
surrounding with for example a rubber bag or another expansion
system. If rubber bag is used it shall be air filled and have same
temperature capability as the transformer. The filler opening on the
conservator shall have a diameter of at least 150 mm, so that the sensor
for the oil level indicator can be tested by activating it by hand, where
applicable.

The connection between the conservator and the transformer tank shall
be fitted with a shut-off valve, to enable the oil level in the tank to be
lowered without the need for draining the oil from the conservator. In
addition, the conservator of both the transformer and the on-load tap-
changer shall be equipped with a drain valve at the bottom. Similarly,
the on-load tap-changer shall be equipped with shut-off and drain
valves for draining the tap-changer compartment.

The dehydrating breather shall be equipped with an oil trap through

which the air drawn in must flow before it comes into contact with the
dehydrate material. The quantity of dehydrate material shall consist of
at least 0.5 litres Ambragel for each 1000 kg oil. The dehydrating
breather shall be located a maximum of 1.2 metres from the bottom of
the tank.

All pipes between conservator, transformer tank and dehydrating

breathers shall be of steel. Rubber hose, flexible hose or other similar
materials will not be accepted.

3.3.2 On-Load Tap-Changer (OLTC)

On-load tap changing shall be carried out by means of a quick-
switching tap-changer utilizing both local and remote control. The
OLTC shall withstand the routine and type tests according to SS-EN
60214.

The OLTC shall be rated for at least the same current as the transformer
winding. When over current flows through the OLTC, the drive motor
shall stop. This shall be arranged by means of external breaking
contacts in series with the control circuit in the drive mechanism. When
the external breaking contacts re-close, i.e. when the over current has
ceased, the operation shall be completed.

Diverter switch shall be vacuum type. The oil in the diverter switch
compartment shall be totally separated from the oil in the transformer.
This applies also for vacuum type diverter switches. The OLTC
conservator shall be equipped with oil level indicator similar to the
transformer conservator oil level indicator.

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The OLTC shall be equipped with a pressure activated switch that is

wired to the junction box for supervisory equipment.

The drive mechanism shall utilize electrical operation directly from

controls on the drive mechanism and from the control room. It shall
also be possible to operate the OLTC by hand using a crank.

The drive mechanism shall be provided with an electrical extra limit

position for interlocking of higher voltages on the transformer
secondary side.

The motor circuit must not contain fuses located in the drive
mechanism and the motor itself shall be protected against overload by a
motor protective switch. The circuits for the motor, control and position
indication shall be galvanically separated.

OLTC position shall be shown in the drive mechanism. Number of

operations shall be recorded by a six-digit mechanical counter, readable
from the outside. It shall not be possible to reset the counter.
When the drive mechanism isn’t in it’s rest position this shall be
indicated, both mechanically and electrically.

The drive mechanism shall be provided with distinct and durable

marking with arrows for both operating directions when using the
crank.
Operation towards a higher tapping position shall correspond to a
reduced ratio implying a higher voltage on the secondary side of the
transformer.

An electrical operation that has been started shall be completed even if

the duration of the control signal is shorter than the drive mechanism
operating time.

End positions shall be equipped with contacts opening both motor and
control circuits for relevant direction.

Following auxiliary contacts and functions shall be provided and clearly

visible in documents and drawings:

 One change-over contact activated as soon an operation is initiated

and remains activated until the operation is finalized.

 One auxiliary contact that is closed during switching of the primary

current. The operation of this contact shall correspond as closely as
possible to the critical switching time.

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 OLTC position shall be indicated by two analogue resistance path’s

with as many positions as the OLTC and OLTC minus one. Path
one shall have 50 ohm resistances and path two shall have 10 ohm
resistances.

3.3.3 Bushings
Bushings shall fulfill SS-EN 60137. For windings rated 52 kV and
higher condenser (capacitor) bushings with capacitive taps shall be
used. The taps shall be grounded.

Bushing terminals shall be according to following if not otherwise

specified:

Terminal Type of terminal Material

145, 82.5 and 72.5 Cylindrical stud: Length 125 Aluminum
kV Phase and mm. For rated currents <
neutral 1600 A  30 mm. ≥ 1600
A, max 4000 A  60 mm.

52, 36, 24 and 12 Vertical plate: Four holes for Brass

kV Phase and currents < 2500 A. Nine holes
neutral for currents ≥ 2500 A. Hole
diameter  14 mm, c-c 40
mm.

Bushings rated 52 kV and higher are preferred to be free from oil and
have silicone rubber insulator.

3.3.4 Current transformers

Terminals
All phase bushings for a highest voltage for equipment ≥52kV shall be
provided with current transformers. The current transformers shall be
designed, manufactured and tested in accordance with SS-EN 60044.

For 145 kV also the neutral bushing shall be provided with a current
transformer. The ratio for the neutral current transformer shall be the
same as for current transformers at phase bushings. The current
transformer in the neutral shall have two relay cores and no metering
core.

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Current transformers shall be selected as follows:

Highest voltage for Rated Ratio of Ratio of

equipment power metering protection
(kV) (MVA) core, 1 unit cores,
(A) 3 units (A)
145 10 60/2 60/1
145 12.5 75/2 75/1
145 16 100/2 100/1
145 20 125/2 125/1
145 25 150/2 150/1
145 40 250/2 250/1
145 63 400/2 400/1
145 100 600/2 600/1
145 125 750/2 750/1

Highest voltage for Rated Ratio of Ratio of

equipment power metering protection
(kV) (MVA) core, 1 cores, 2
unit (A) units (A)
82.5 10 100/2 100/1
82.5 12.5 125/2 125/1
82.5 16 200/2 200/1
82.5 20 200/2 200/1
82.5 25 250/2 250/1
82.5 40 400/2 400/1
82.5 63 750/2 750/1
82.5 100 1000/2 1000/1

Highest voltage for Rated Ratio of Ratio of

equipment power metering protection
(kV) (MVA) core, 1 cores, 2
unit (A) units (A)
72,5 6,3 100/2 100/1
72.5 10 150/2 150/1
72.5 12.5 200/2 200/1
72.5 16 250/2 250/1
72.5 20 300/2 300/1
72.5 25 400/2 400/1
72.5 40 600/2 600/1
72.5 63 1000/2 1000/1
72.5 100 1500/2 1500/1

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Highest voltage for Rated Ratio of Ratio of

equipment power metering protection
(kV) (MVA) core, 1 cores, 2
unit (A) units (A)
52 6,3 150/2 150/1
52 10 200/2 200/1
52 12.5 250/2 250/1
52 16 300/2 300/1
52 20 400/2 400/1
52 25 500/2 500/1
52 40 750/2 750/1
52 63 1500/2 1500/1
52 100 2000/2 2000/1

In the standard case, the precision class requirements on current

transformers are as follows:

Protection cores
Class 5P20
Rated burden 20 VA

Metering core
Class 0.2s FS 5
Rated burden 10 VA

For each current transformer following shall be stated:

 Rct-value (Secondary winding resistance at 75 oC) and
 ALF (Accuracy Limit Factor)

The markings P1 of the current transformers shall face towards the

external connection of the bushing. The instrument core shall be located
nearest the external connection of the bushing. The secondary circuit
shall be earthed towards S1.

A test conductor with an area of 35 mm2 shall be provided in each

current transformer (also the CT for the compensated winding
thermometer), drawn once through the core. The test conductor shall be
earthed at the end corresponding to P2.

3.3.5 Cooling equipment

For transformers with forced cooling, the cooling equipment shall be
controlled by means of adjustable temperature sensors which follow the
temperature in the hottest winding and in the top oil. The contacts for
the hottest winding and top oil shall be connected in parallel.

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Transformers with a rated power not exceeding 40 MVA shall have

cooling equipment assembled into one group. A top oil temperature
sensor and a winding temperature sensor that reflects the hottest
winding shall be provided for control and supervision.

Transformers with a rated power exceeding 40 MVA shall have cooling

equipment divided into two groups. One top oil temperature sensor and
two mutually independent winding temperature sensors shall be
provided for control and supervision.

3.3.6 Surge arresters

Surge arresters shall be zinc oxide arresters and designed, manufactured
and tested according to SS-EN 60099-4.
Transformer shall be provided with surge arresters for phase terminals
and neutral. The surge arresters shall be mounted on the transformer.

The surge arrester shall have following rated voltage:

Highest voltage for Location of surge Rated voltage
equipment (kV) arrester (kV)
145 Phase 120
” Neutral 84
82.5 Phase 90
” Neutral 60
72.5 Phase 66
” Neutral 42
52 Phase 54
” Neutral 36
36 Phase 36
” Neutral 24
24 Phase 26
” Neutral 18
12 Phase 13
” Neutral 10

Deviations from above shall be specified. Consoles for surge arresters

shall always be included, also if no surge arresters are included in the
delivery due to a special agreement.

The surge arrester housings shall be made of silicone rubber or proven

polymer material. Porcelain will not be accepted.

Surge arresters with highest voltage for equipment 52 -145 kV shall be

provided with insulated base to permit connection to a counter.

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Rated discharge current

The rated discharge current shall be at least 10 kA for highest voltage
for equipment  145 kV.

Line discharge class

The line discharge class shall be at least class 2.

Guaranteed max protective data

Maximum residual/discharge voltages at current waves:
Rated voltage Discharge Max residual/discharge voltage
(kV) current (kA) (kV/Ur)

Steep- Fast-front/ Slow-

front/FOW 1) lightning 2) front/
10 kA 10 kA switching
3)

0.5 kA
 145 10 3.1 2.75 2.2

1) Steep-front/FOW 1/(2-20) μs
2) Fast-front/lightning 8/20 μs
3) Slow-front/switching 30/60 μs

Short-circuit capability
Arrester with silicone rubber housing does not need to be equipped with
pressure release device but shall however fulfill following short-circuit
capability:

Rated voltage Short-circuit capability

(kV) (kA, 0.2 s)
145 40
 82.5 20

3.3.7 Monitoring equipment

The transformer shall be equipped with following equipment:
 Gas relay/Buchholz relay
 Oil level indicator transformer
 Oil level indicator OLTC
 Thermometer, top oil temperature
 Thermometer, winding temperature

Gas relay/Buchholz relay

Gas relay shall be provided with shut-off valves and a by-pass to enable
replacement of the gas relay as quickly as possible. The valves shall

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have distinct position indication “ÖPPET” (open) and “STÄNGT”

(closed).
The gas relay shall be provided with two galvanically separated set of
contacts with following functions:

 Contacts that close in the event of slow gas production, intended for
alarm.
 Contacts that close in the event of a rapid oil flow or low oil level,
intended for trip. Function for low oil level shall be possible to de-
activate.

The gas relay shall have valves and pipe connections for sampling of
the gas and for testing of the gas relay.

Oil level indicator

The oil level indicator shall visually present the oil level and be
equipped with normally open contacts for high and low oil level. The
float shall be accessible for testing of the oil level indicator.

Thermometers/temperature instruments
Transformers shall be provided with following thermometers and
thermometer pockets:

Rated power Thermometer for Number of thermometer

(MVA) pockets
< 10 Top oil temperature 2
 10 and Top oil temperature and 3
< 25 hottest winding
temperature
 25 and Top oil temperature and 4
< 40 hottest winding
temperature
 40 Top oil temperature and 5
all winding temperatures
Each thermometer/temperature instrument shall have four galvanically
separated contacts. Thermometers/temperature instruments shall be
installed using resilient mountings and be positioned on the operating
side of the transformer, maximum 1.2 m from the bottom of the tank.

3.3.8 Sound power

Unless otherwise specified in the enquiry documentation, the noise
levels from the transformer may not, under any circumstances, exceed
the following limit values of maximum sound power. This applies both
with and without the cooling system in operation.

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Rated power (MVA) Max. Sound power

level, dB(A)
6.3 65
10 and 12.5 68
16 72
20 and 25 77
40 82
63 85
100 and 125 88

3.3.9 Impact recorder

During transport the transformer shall be equipped with an impact

recorder to register g-forces in x-, y- and z-directions.

4 Functional requirements
Operating conditions
The transformer shall be designed and verified for continuous operation
at a rated power stated in the technical specification.
A transformer with ONAF cooling shall without fans be possible to
load up to at least 60% of rated load without exceeding permissible
temperatures or temperature rises according to SS-EN 60076-2.

The transformer with accessories shall be possible to load up to at least

140% of rated load at an ambient temperature of -10 °C without
influencing the expected lifetime of the transformer with accessories
calculated according to SS-EN 60076-7.

The transformer shall, without negative consequences, energized or not

withstand a lowest average ambient temperature of -40 ºC during one
hour.

Bushings, OLTC, DETC, CT´s and all other accessories shall be

designed and chosen so that they can carry at least the highest current
for respective ratio and/or the highest current for the winding during a
time that is at least equal to the time for the corresponding winding.

5 Testing
Testing of the power transformer shall be performed as factory
acceptance test on the manufacturer factory area. Following chapters
describes the scope, steering standards and the purchaser requirements.
The manufacturer shall at tender stage clearly describe what type of site
acceptance test that will be performed before commissioning to secure
that the transformer have arrived to site without any internal or external
damages.

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Scope
Unless otherwise specified, the transformer shall be subject to the
following tests. At pre-delivery testing, a test programme shall be set up
so that the testing will be carried out in the order listed below:

 Measurement of winding resistance according to SS-EN 60076-1

chapter 10.2
 Measurement of voltage ratio and check of phase displacement
according to SS-EN 60076-1 chapter 10.3
 Measurement of zero-sequence impedances according to SS-EN
60076-1 chapter 10.7
 Measurement of short-circuit impedance and load loss according to
SS-EN 60076-1 chapter 10.4
 Temperature rise test according to SS-EN 60076-2
 Lightning impulse test according to SS-EN 60076-3 chapter 13 and
14 (also for transformers with highest voltage for equipment 72.5
kV or below)
 Separate source withstand voltage test according to SS-EN 60076-3
chapter 11
 Short-duration induced AC withstand voltage test (ACSD)
according to SS-EN 60076-3 chapter 12.2 and 12.3 including partial
discharge (PD) measurement
 Measurement of no-load loss and no-load current according to SS-
EN 60076-1 chapter 10.5
 Measurement of sound levels according to SS-EN 60076-10
 Tests on on-load tap-changer according to SS-EN 60076-1 chapter
10.8

Standards
Unless otherwise specified, testing shall follow the scope and
requirements on test results specified in the relevant SS-EN standard.
However, if there are conflicting interpretations between Swedish and
international standards, the Swedish standard have precedence.

Requirements
PD
At induced voltage test with simultaneous partial discharge
measurement according to SS-EN 60076-3, chapter 12, shall maximal
partial discharge level never exceed 100 pC during measuring period D
which shall be 15 minutes. If this is the case, the test duration shall be
extended by a further 30 minutes to a total of 45 minutes.

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If the stationary discharge level should exceed 100 pC during the last 30
minutes, the test results shall be rejected, and the source of the defect
shall be located and corrected.

Lightning impulse
Unless otherwise stated in the specification, a lightning impulse voltage
test (1.2/50 s) shall be performed on all transformers in accordance
with the latest revision of the SS-EN standard. All phase bushings shall
be tested directly, while the neutral point shall preferably be tested
indirectly via the phase bushings with a 1.2/50 surge. The impulse level
shall then be measured over an impedance between the neutral point
and earth. However, if the neutral point is fully insulated (uniform
insulation) or if, for some other reason, an indirect test cannot be carried
out at the neutral bushing, a direct surge may be applied.

When testing the phases, the position of the on-load tap-changer shall
be changed as the test proceeds. Example:
Phase U is tested in the minimum position of the tap-changer
Phase V is tested in the principal position of the tap-changer and
Phase W in the maximum position of the tap-changer.
If a direct surge at the neutral point is applied during surge voltage
testing, the position of the tap-changer shall be selected in consultation
between the supplier and E.ON Elnät Sverige AB.

Current transformers (CT)

Current transformers shall be tested individually on place in the
transformer during transformer factory acceptance test to an extent that
verifies CT installation. Tests shall also be performed according to
following table, but might be performed in separate test bench with a
conductor with same dimension and location at current transformer as
the one located at transformer. A test report shall be established
including at least following tests.
Tested at Indicated test result
Current dependence 1, 5, 20, 100 and 120% of In Current failure (%),
angle failure (min)
Burden dependence 1 VA, 25 and 100% rated Current failure (%),
burden at above % of In angle failure (min)
Accuracy limit Type test or routine test Constants a and b
factor

Measured values shown in test report shall be according to international

(SI) System of Units.

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Sound
Sound level measurement shall be carried out on all transformers,
unless otherwise stated in the specification. The measurement method,
background noise and the frequency spectrum of the sound emitted
shall be shown in the test report. The measurement shall be carried out
according to SS-EN 60076-10.

Zero-sequence impedance
Measurement of zero-sequence impedance shall be carried out for y-
and z-connected windings in principal position of tap-changer and both
extreme positions. For each y- and z-connected winding in the
transformer shall the imaginary- (X0) and real part (R0) of the zero-
sequence impedance be determined. For transformers with a design that
result in a non linear impedance shall the current dependence of the
zero-sequence be recorded with measurements for at least four different
current levels, to have a picture of the impedance current dependence
obtained. Applied voltage, recorded current, phase angle and impedance
value shall be shown in the test report. Impedance value shall be
assigned in ohm per phase.

Gas analysis (DGA)

The transformer oil shall be sampled before, during and after the
temperature rise test in order to analyse the level and occurrence of the
different gases. The results shall be shown in the test report.

Additional DGA test during the warranty period shall be agreed

separately.

Capacitive total current bushing terminal

At rated voltage and short circuit between a voltage terminal and earth,
at least the following capacitive total current shall be obtained from the
three phases:

Rated voltage Capacitive current

(kV) (mA)
140/3 10
77/3 8
57,5/3 7
46/3 6

6 Documentation
All dimensional drawings, signal- and wiring diagrams shall be in A3
format. Disposition of terminals and marking/labelling shall be clearly

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included on drawings and wiring diagrams etc. The documentation shall

be submitted on paper, as dwg files and as pdf files.

The dimensional drawings shall include type of accessories,

manufacturer and accessory drawing number. Material in primary
terminals, transformer weight and outer dimensions shall be clearly
specified in the dimensional drawings. Main data shall at least include
rated power, rated voltage and connection group.

A transport drawing shall be included. The transport drawing shall

include centre of gravity, positioning of hydraulic jacks, usable wagons
and weights.

Scope
Documents for review and approval during execution of the project:
 Rating plate
 Dimensional drawings and list of accessories
 Transport and installation drawings
 Circuit diagrams, list of apparatus, list of cables, lay-out drawings
for cubicles and control equipment
 Inspection and test program
 E.ON:s form for technical data

Final documentation shall be submitted in dwg- and pdf format and in

paper (three copies in binders) including at least following documents:
 Rating plate
 Dimensional drawings and list of accessories
 Transport and installation drawings
 Circuit diagrams, list of apparatus, list of cables, lay-out drawings
for cubicles and control equipment
 Product data sheet for the oil
 Pictures of the active part four different sides
 Test protocolls and test results
 Instructions for maintenance and operation
 Assembly instructions
 Instruction for touch-up panting
 List of gaskets with dimensions and material included
 Instruction for opening of welded cover.
 E.ON:s form for technical data

Technical Requirements for Power Transformers.doc