PRINCIPLES OF

INHERITANCE
AND
VARIATION
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01.If a genetic disease is transferred from a phenotypically normal but
carrier female to only some of the male progeny, the disease is
(a) autosomal dominant
(b) autosomal recessive
(c) sex-linked dominant
(d) sex-linked recessive.
02. In sickle cell anaemia glutamic acid is replaced by valine. Which
one of the following triplets codes for valine ?
(a) GGG
(b) AAG
(c) GAA
(d) GUG
03. Person having genotype IA IB would show the blood group as AB.
This is because of:
(a) pleiotropy
(b) co-dominance
(c) segregation
(d) incomplete dominance.
04. ZZ/ZW type of sex determination is seen in-
(a) platypus
(b) snails
(c) cockroach
(d) peacock
05. Which of the following will not result in variations among siblings ?
(a) Independent assortment of genes
(b) Crossing over
(c) Linkage
(d) Mutation
06. Females with Turner’s syndrome have
(a) small uterus
(b) rudimentary ovaries
(c) underdeveloped breasts
(d) all of these.
07. Grasshopper is an example of XO type of sex determination in
which the males have:
(a) one X chromosome
(b) one Y chromosome
(c) two X chromosomes
(d) no X chromosome
08. Chromosomal theory of inheritance was given by
(a) Morgan et al
(b) Sutton and Boveri
(c) Hugo deVries
(d) Gregor J. Mendel
09. ABO blood grouping in human beings cites the example of
(a) incomplete dominance
(b) co-dominance
(c) multiple allelism
(d) both (b) and (c)
10. What is the probability of production of dwarf offsprings in a cross
betweeen two heterozygous tall pea plants ?
(a) Zero
(b) 50 %
(c) 25 %
(d) 100 %
11. Which of the following is not a hereditary disease?
A)Cystic fibrosis
B)Thalassaemia
C)Haemophilia
D)Cretinism
12. Haemophilia is more commonly seen in human males than in
human females because:
A)A greater proportion of girls die in infancy
B)This disease is due to a Y-linked recessive mutation
C)This disease is due to an X-linked recessive mutation
D)This disease is due to an X linked dominant mutation
13. woman with 47 chromosomes due to three copies of chromosome
21 is Characterized by:

A)Superfemaleness
B)Triploidy
C)Turner's syndrome
D)Down's syndrome.
14. a plant, red fruit (R) is dominant over yellow fruit (r) and tallness
(T) is dominant over shortness (t). If a plant with RRTt genotype is
crossed with Plant that is rrtt,

A)25% will be tall with red fruit

B)50% will be tall with red fruit
C)75% will be tall with red fruit
D)All the offspring will be tall with red fruit.
15. How many different kinds of gametes will be produced by a plant
having the genotype AABbCC?

A)Two
B)Three
C)Four
D)Nine
16.If a colour blind woman marries a normal visioned man, their sons
will be

A)all colour blind

B)all normal visioned
C)one-half colour blind and one-half normal
D)three-fourths colour blind and one-fourth normal
17. Inheritance of skin colour in humans is an example of

A. Point mutation
B. Polygenic inheritance
C.Codominance
D. Chromosomal aberration
18. Which one of the following conditions in humans is correctly
matched with chromosomal abnormality/linkage?

A.Erythroblastosis foetalis - X-linked

B.Down's syndrome -44 autosomes +X O
C.Klinefelter's syndrome -44 autosomes + XXY
D.Colour blindness - Y-linked
19. A normal- visioned man whose father was colourblind, marries a
woman whose father was also colour-blind. They have their first child
as a daughter. What are the chances that this child would be colour-
blind?

A.100%
B.Zero percent
C.25%
D.50%
20. Down's syndrome in humans is due to

A.three 'X' chromosomes

B.three copies of chromosome 21
C.monosomy
D.two 'Y' chromosomes.
21. Genetics is the branch of biology which deals with
(a) variation (b) inheritance
(c) Both (a) and (b) (d) study of characters
22. The inheritance of characters from parents to offspring is
(a) variation
(b) heredity
(c) inheritance
(d) resemblance
23.The tendency of offspring to differ from their parents is called
(a) variation
(b) heredity
(c) inheritance
(d) resemblance
24. Mendel's hybridisation experimental material was
(a) Pisum sativum
(b) Lathyrus odoratus
(c) Oryza sativa
(d) Mirabilis jalapa
25.Which one from those given below is the period of
Mendel 's hybridisation experiments?
(a)1856-1863
(b) 1840-1850
(c) 1857-1869
(d) 1870-1877
26. Mendel investigated characters in garden pea plant manifested in
two traits which were
(a) similar
(b) non-zygote
(c) identical
(d) opposite
27. A true breeding line is characterised by the presence of

(a) stable trait inheritance due to the continuous selfpollination

(b)varying traits in different generations due to the cross pollination
(c)single trait in all generations due to allogamy
(d)varying trait inheritance in a single generation due to geitonogamy
28.How many pairs of true breeding varieties were selected by Mendel
for his experiment on pea plant?
(a) 12
(b) 13
(c) 14
(d) 15
29. Out of 7 contrasting trait pairs selected by Mendel, how many
traits were dominant and recessive?
(a)7 and 7
(b) 8 and 6
(c) 6 and 8
(d) 5 and 9
30. Among the following characters, which one was not considered by
Mendel in his experiments on pea?
(a)Stem — Tall or Dwarf
(b)Trichomes — Glandular or Non-glandular
(c)Seed — Green or Yellow
(d) Pod — Inflated or Constricted
31. Which is correct about traits choosen by Mendel for his
experiment on pea plant?
(a) Terminal pod was dominant
(b) Constricted pod was dominant
(c) Green coloured pod was dominant
(d) Tall plants were recessive
32. What contributed to Mendel 's success?
I. Selection of pureline pea varieties.
Il. Knowledge ofhistory.
Ill. Selecting one character at a time.
IV. Statistical analysis and mathematical logic.
Choose the correct option.
(a) 1, II, IIIand IV (b) II and III
(c) 1, III and IV (d) II, IIIand IV
33. The first hybrid progeny obtained by Mendel were called
(a) F1progeny
(b) Fo-progeny
(c) F2 gen
(d) F3 progeny
34.progeny of a cross between pure tall and dwarf plant is always
(a)Tall
(B)Short
(C)Intermediate
(d)None of these
35. According to Mendel 's observation, which generation of progeny
always represents the phenotype of the dominant parent?

A) F4
B) F2
C) F1
D) F0
36. The Mendel crossed true breeding tall and dwarf plant varieties in
his experiment. Tallness was the dominant character and dwarfness
was recessive. The recessive character appeared in

A) F1
B) F2
C) F3
D) F2 andF3
37.How did Mendel obtained recessive (dwarf) character in F2
generation?
(a) By self-pollinating F1
(b) By self-pollinating F2
(c) By cross-pollinating F2
(d) By cross-pollinating F2
38. The proportion of plants that were dwarf and tall, respectively in
F2 generation of Mendel 's experiment was

A) 1/4 and 3/4

B. 3/4 and 1/4
C. 2/3 and 1/3
D. 1/3 and 4/3
39. Mendel crossed tall and dwarf plants. In F2 -generation both the
tall and dwarf plants were produced. This shows
(a) blending of characters
(b) atavism
(c) non-blending of characters
(d) intermediate characters
40. During his experiments, Mendel used the term factor for
a) genes
b) traits
c) characters
d) qualities
41. Genes which codes for a pair Of contrasting characters
(a) recessive character
(b) dominant character
(c) alleles
(d) alternative gene
42. Choose the incorrect match.
(a) Phenotype — Physical appearance of an organism
(b) Genotype — Expressed genes
(c) Homozygous — Identical alleles of a gene present at the same locus
(d) Heterozygous — Genes of an allelic pair are not same
43. Types of gametes produced by a homozygous and a heterozygous
individuals of genotype AA and Aa, respectively are
a) I and 2
b) 2 and 3
c) 3 and 5
d) many
44. A cross in which parents differ in a single pair of contrasting
characters is called
(a) monohybrid cross
(b) dihybrid cross
(c) trihybrid cross
(d) tetrahybrid cross
45. The phenotypic ratio of a monohybrid cross in F1generation is
A. 3:1
B. 1:2:1
C. 2:1:1
D. 9:3:3:1
46. The genotypic ratio in mono hybrid cross in F2 gen is:
A. 3:1
B. 1:2:1
C. 2:1:1
D. 9:3:3:1
47. F2-generation in a Mendelian cross showed that both genotypic
and phenotypic ratios are same as I : 2 : I. It represents a case of
(a) codominance
(b) dihybrid cross
(c) monohybrid cross with complete dominance
(d) monohybrid cross with incomplete dominance
48.If the male plant has the genotype TT and the female plant has the
genotype tt then they contribute pollen and egg, respectively with
(a) T and T gametes
(b) tt and TT gametes
(c) TT and tt gametes
(d) T and t gametes
49.Graphical representation to calculate the probability of all possible
genotype of an offspring in genetic cross is called
(a) Bunett square
(b) Morgan square
(c) Punnett square
(d) Mendel square
50. Test cross involves a cross between
(a)recessive F1-plant and dominant F2-plant
(b) recessive F2-plant and dominant F3 plant
(c) dominant F2-pIant and recessive parent plants
(d) dominant F2 plant and heterozygous parent plants
51. Mendel performed test cross to know the
(a)genotype of F1
(b) genotype of F 2
(c) genotype of F 3
(d) genotype Of F 4
52. When alleles of two contrasting characters are present together
and one of the character expresses itself during the cross while the
other remains hidden gives the
(a) law of purity Of gametes
(b) law of segregation
(c) law of dominance
(d) law of independent assortment
53. The allele which expresses itself in both homozygous and
heterozygous condition is called
(a) dominant allele
(b) recessive allele
(c) incomplete dominant allele
(d) split allele
54. 3:1 ratio in Frgeneration is explained by
(a) law of partial dominance
(b) law of dominance
(c) law of incomplete dominance
(d) law of purity of gametes
55. The law of dominance is applicable in inheritance of
(a) seed colour in pea
(b) flower colour in Mirabilisjalapa
(c) starch grain size in pea
(d) roan coat colour in cattles
56.Mendel's principle of segregation means that the germ cells always
receive
(a) one pair to alleles
(b) one quarter of the genes
(c) either one allele of father or one allele of mother
(d) any pair of alleles
57. The law based on fact that the characters do not show any
blending and both the characters are recovered as such in F2
generation although one character was absent in F1-progeny, is
(a) law Of purity of gametes
(b) law of independent assortment
(c) law of incomplete dominance
(d) law of dominance
58.Mendel crossed tall and dwarf plant. In F2-generation the
observed ratio was 3:1 (tall : short). From this result, he deduced
I. law of dominance.
Il. law of independent assortment.
Ill. law of segregation.
IV. incomplete dominance.
Choose the correct option.
(a) I, II, III and IV (b) I AND III
(c) II, III and IV (d) 1, II and III
59. Correctly select the genotype and phenotype of Fl -generation (R
= dominant and red, r = recessive and white) from the given cross in
plant snapdragon showing incomplete dominance.
(a) Rr and white (b) Rr and red
(c) Rr and pink (d) cannot predict
60.Theoretically in incomplete dominance one allele functions as
normal, while another allele may function as
(a) normal allele
(b) non-functional allele
(c) normal but less efficient allele
(d) All of the above
61. Incomplete dominance is similar to codominance in having
identical
(a)phenotypic ratio
(b) genotypic ratio
(c) Both (a) and (b)
(d) None of the above
62. TtRr represents (heterozygous tall, heterozygous pink). If this
plant is self crossed then
(T—dominant, t—recessive, R—dominant, r—recessive)
I. 25% plants have red flowers.
II. 25% plants have white flowers.
III 50% plants have pink flowers.
IV. plants are tall.
Choose the correct option.
(a) I and Il (b) I, II and 111
(c) II, III and IV (d) I ,II, III and IV
63.Which Mendelian idea is depicted by a cross in which the Fl -
generation resembles both the parents?

(a) Incomplete dominance

(b) Law of dominance
(c) Inheritance of one gene
(d) Codominance
64. What will be the ratio of offspring in a cross between the red
coloured and pink coloured flowers of Mirabilis jalapa.
(a) Red : Pink = 1 : 1 (b) Red : Pink= 3:1
(c) Red :Pink- 1: 3 (d) Red : Pink = 2:3
65. The recessive trait in case of incomplete dominance is seen due to
the
(a) non-functional enzyme produced by modified gene
(b) absence of any enzyme that may otherwise be produced by
modified gene
(c) normal or less efficient enzyme produced by recessive allele
(d) Both (a) and (b)
66.The ABO blood groups are controlled by
(a) I-gene
(b) c-gene
(c) B-gene
(d) n-gene
67. Out of the three alleles of gene I, the sugar polymers on the
plasma membrane of RBCs is controlled by how many alleles?
(a) All three
(b) Two
(c) One
(d)Zero
68.In human blood group inheritance
(a) IA and IB are codominant
(b) IA and IB are dominant over I
(c) IA is dominant over Io
(d) Both (a) and (b)
69. A human male contains the karyotype of . .. A... and a human
female has . . .B . . . chromosomes.
(a)44 + XX 44 + XY
(b)44 + XY 44 +XX
(c)44 + XO 44 +XX
(d)44 + XX 44 + XO
70.The number of chromosomes in females and males honeybees are
a) 32
(b) 16
(c) 32 and 16, respectively
(d) 16 and 32, respectively
71. The unfertilised eggs in honeybees develop into
(a)males
(b) queen
(c) worker
(d) Both (a) and (c)
72. In honeybees, male and female gametes are produced through
(a) mitosis (b) mitosis and meiosis, respectively
(c) meiosis (d) meiosis and mitosis, respectively
73. Pedigree analysis is very Important In humans because
(a) it helps genetic counselors to avoid disorders
(b) it shows origin of traits
(c) it shows the flow of traits in family
(d) All of the above
74. 114 Identify the correct choice for given symbols (A and B).

(a) A—Consanguineous mating; B—Mating

(b) A—Mating; B—Mating between relatives
(c) A—Mating; B—Consanguineous mating
(d) Both (b) and (c)
75. Identify the symbols given below and the select correct option
with respect of A,B, C and D.
(a) A-Male, B—Female, C—Sex unspecified, D—Affected male
(b) A-Male, B—Female, C—Sterile, D—Carrier male
(c) A-Male, B—Female, C—Fertile, D—Affected female
(d) A—Female, B-Ma1e, C—Sex unspecified, D—Carrier female
76.Morgan's experimental organism was
(a)Drosophila melanogaster
(b) Mangifera indica
(c) Mirabilisjalapa
(d) Drosophila indica
77. Both chromosome and gene (Mendelian factors) whether dominant
or recessive are transmitted from generation to generation in

(a) changed form

(b) unaltered form
(c) altered form
(d) disintegrated form
78.Polygenic traits are controlled by
(a) one gene
(b) two genes
(c) three or more genes
(d) mutant genes
79.The polygenic traits
(a) are influenced by environment
(b) phenotype reflect the contribution of each allele
(c) effect of each allele is additive
(d) All of the above
80.In human skin colour which is a polygenic trait, all dominant and
all recessive alleles show
(a) Darkest and lightest skin colour, respectively
(b) Lightest and darkest skin colour, respectively
(c) Only darkest skin colour
(d) Only lightest skin colour
81. In human skin colour inheritance, the genotype with three
dominant and three recessive alleles will produce
(a) darkest skin colour
(b) lightest skin colour
(c) intermediate skin colour
(d) patches of black and white
82.A pleiotropic gene
(a) is not found in humans
(b) is a single gene which exhibit multiple phenotypic expressions
(c) show effect on metabolic pathways, so as to produce various
phenotypes
(d) Both (b) and (c)
83. Phenylketonuria is caused due to
(a) pleiotropy
(b) multiple alleles
(c) codominance
(d) incomplete dominance
84. Phenylketonuria in human
(a) manifests through phenotypic expressions
(b) is characterised by mental retardation
(c) leads to hair reduction and skin pigmentation
(d) All of the above
85. Which one of the following pairs is wrongly match -

(a) XO type of sex-determination — Grasshopper

(b) ABO blood grouping — Codominance
(c) Starch synthesis in pea — Multiple allele
(d) TH Morgan — Linkage
86. Map units on linkage map cannot be relied upon to calculate
physical distances on a chromosome for which of the following
reasons?
(a) The relationship between recombination frequency and map units
is different in every individual
(b) Physical distances between genes change during the coures of cell
cycle
(c) Linkage map distances are identical between males and females
(d) The frequency of crossing over varies along the length of the
chromosome
87. Linkage group is
(a) linearly arranged group of linked gene
(b) non-linearly arranged group of linked gene
(c) non-linearly arranged group of unlinked gene
(d) non-linearly arranged group of single gene
88. Linkage groups are always present on the
(a) homologous chromosomes
(b) analogous chromosomes
(c) sex chromosomes
(d) heterologous chromosomes
89. Genetic maps can be used in human genome project
(a) starting point in the sequencing of whole genome
(b) measure the distance between genes
(c) map the position of genes on chromosomes
(d) All of the above
90. Genes A, B and C are linked. Genes A and B are more close than A
and C.
I. A might be before B and C.
Il. B might be between A and C.
III.C might be between A and B.
IV. More crosses cannot occur between A and C than A and B.
Find out the correct option for the given information.
(a) I and Il
(b) Il and Ill
(c) III and IV
(d) I, II and IV
 ANSWERS

01. D 11. D 21. C 31. C 41. C 51. B 61. C 71. A 81. C

02. D 12. C 22. B 32. C 42. B 52. C 62. B 72. B 82. D
03. B 13. D 23. A 33. A 43. A 53. A 63.D 73. D 83. a
04. D 14. B 24. A 34. A 44. A 54. B 64. A 74. D 84. D
05. C 15. A 25. A 35. C 45. A 55. A 65. D 75. A 85. C
06. D 16. A 26. D 36. B 46. B 56. C 66. A 76. A 86. D
07. A 17. B 27. A 37. A 47. D 57. A 67. B 77. B 87. A
08. B 18. C 28. C 38. A 48. D 58. B 68. D 78. C 88. A
09. D 19. B 29. A 39. C 49. C 59. C 69.B 79. D 89. D
10. C 20. B 30. B 40. A 50. C 60. D 70. C 80. A 90. A