 The final task the researcher is required to perform is to summarize what the has been done, what

has been learned, and how others might benefit from this project’s experience.

QUALITATIVE

Qualitative research question examples

 How does social media shape body image in teenagers?

 How do children and adults interpret healthy eating in the UK?
 What factors influence employee retention in a large organization?
 How is anxiety experienced around the world?
 How can teachers integrate social issues into science curriculums?

 It is important to develop the style of writing findings because there is certain expectation that
readers have.
 Use of quotations is simply key findings under which main theme using appropriate verbatim
quotes to illustrate those things and to add evidence

 The main point to remember while presenting qualitative interview data is that the reader should
not be bored with the minute details – mention the key points and themes as they relate to the
research question, rather than reporting everything that the interviewees said; use charts or tables
to help the reader

MIXED METHOD

Mixed methods research is often used in the behavioral, health, and social sciences, especially in
multidisciplinary settings and complex situational or societal research.

Mixed methods research question examples:

 To what extent does the frequency of traffic accidents (quantitative) reflect cyclist
perceptions of road safety (qualitative) in Manila?
 How do student perceptions of their school environment (qualitative) relate to
differences in test scores (quantitative)?
 How do interviews about job satisfaction at Company X (qualitative) help explain year-
over-year sales performance and other KPIs (quantitative)?
 How can voter and non-voter beliefs about democracy (qualitative) help explain election
turnout patterns (quantitative) in Town X?
 How do average hospital salary measurements over time (quantitative) help to explain
nurse testimonials about job satisfaction (qualitative)?

As you formulate your research question, try to directly address how qualitative and quantitative
methods will be combined in your study. If your research question can be sufficiently answered via
standalone quantitative or qualitative analysis, a mixed methods approach may not be the right fit.

Research example
  You want to research cycling safety in high-traffic areas of Manila. If you’re interested in the
frequency of accidents and where they occur, this could be a straightforward quantitative analysis.
If you’re interested in the nature of complaints submitted by cyclists, or their perceptions about
cycling in particular areas, then a qualitative approach may fit best.
 But mixed methods might be a good choice if you want to meaningfully integrate both of these
questions in one research study.
 For example, you could use a mixed methods design to investigate whether areas perceived as
dangerous have high accident rates, or to explore why specific areas are more dangerous for
cyclists than others.

STRUCTURE: Structure is therefore very important.

1. Introduce the reader to the issue that your study addresses.

An introduction is a crucial part of your study because it gives your readers a road map of what they
can expect in reading your paper. It doesn't need to be long or elaborate, but it has to include the
following elements.

The introduction of a research paper includes several key elements:

1. A hook to catch the reader's interest.

2. Relevant background on the topic.
3. Details of your research problem.
4. A thesis statement or research question.
5. Sometimes an overview of the paper.

Provide a concise overview of the problem and mention briefly how previous studies (if any)
attempted to solve it. Don't go into details here. You'll have a chance to write a more in-depth
literature review later.
 Purpose of the study-What did you want to study or find out (You just have to remind the
purpose of your study

What is justification of the study in research? Research justification refers to the rationale for the
research, or the reason why the research is being conducted, including an explanation for the design
and methods employed in the research.

2. METHODOLOGY. where you describe the participants, what was measured, how you collected
data and how the data was analyzed
2.1 How were respondents recruited?
2.2 Description of the sample
2.3 Description of selection biases if any
2.4 What instruments were used to collect the data?
    You may want to include the topic list or questionnaire in an appendix
2.5 Over which period of time was the data collected?
3. RESULTS: WHAT ARE KEY FINDINGS? The results of qualitative methods provide a deep
understandings of how people perceive their social realities, and in consequence, how they act
within the social world. ... A good example of a qualitative research method would be unstructured
interviews which generate qualitative data through the use of open questions.
 Telling the story:
 Research Question: Present your question(This is my question)
 Theme. this is my theme that addresses the research question
 Meaning: this is the meaning of the theme
 Evidence: evidence of the data to support

4. Discussion: the discussion is an in-depth exploration of the results, going into detail about the
meaning of your findings and citing relevant sources to put them in context.

4.1 What were the strengths and limitations of the information?

4.2 Are the results similar or dissimilar to other findings

(if other studies have been done)?

The discussion chapter is where you delve into the meaning, importance and relevance of your
results. It should focus on explaining and evaluating what you found, showing how it relates to
your literature review and research questions, and making an argument in support of your
overall conclusion. There are many different ways to write this section, but you can focus your
discussion around four key elements:

 Interpretations: what do the results mean?

 Implications: why do the results matter?
 Limitations: what can’t the results tell us?

Discussing your findings

 DO: Provide context and explain why people should care. DON'T: Simply rehash your
results. ...
 DO: Emphasize the positive. DON'T: Exaggerate. ...
 DO: Look toward the future. DON'T: End with it.

5. Conclusion and Recommendations

: Recommendations: what practical actions or scientific studies should follow?

 Research conclusions are subjective in nature when conducting qualitative research. The
researcher may derive conclusions based on in-depth analysis of respondent attitude, reason
behind responses and understanding of psychological motivations.
  How do you write a conclusion for a qualitative research?

 Restate your research topic. Your first step when writing your conclusion should be to
restate your research topic. ...
 Restate the thesis. ...
 Summarize the main points of your research. ...
 Connect the significance or results of the main points. ...
 Conclude your thoughts.

6. Appendices (including the interview guide(s)/ topic guide)

 An appendix contains supplementary material that is not an essential part of the text
itself but which may be helpful in providing a more comprehensive understanding of the
research problem or it is information that is too cumbersome to be included in the body
of the paper
 Appendices can consist of figures, tables, maps, photographs, raw data, computer
programs, musical examples, interview questions, sample questionnaires, etc. ... We
recommend you include a copy or scan of your IRB approval letter as an appendix

CONCRETE EXAMPLE: findings

How satisfied are students with their studies? Sino ang mas magaling sa math
Quantitative= The survey showed that Class A: 25 out of 30 have shown higher grade of 90 and above,
while Class B: 10 students displayed a grade of 90 and above.

Qualitative= The students primarily expressed that having a remarkable performance in math the
students should have diligence, focus and attention