SECTION 6 : FOUNDATION

6.1 GENERAL

All foundations shall be designed to withstand settlement, overturning and sliding when
subjected to specified conditions of loading. Allowances shall be made during the design
stage for hydrostatic pressure where such a condition exist, and the effects of seasonal
rain, drying out, cyclic loading, changes in water table level, etc on the soil.

6.1.1 Plinths

The design shall take into account the vertical load and overturning moment. The
vertical load shall comprise of the weights of the equipment and the steel structure
supports. The overturning moment consist of wind loads on the steel members and the
equipment. Wind pressure on steel members shall be 810 N/m2 on 1.5 x the projected
area of the structure and equipment. Any longitudinal load or pull of conductor on steel
structure causing overturning moment shall also be considered. All loadings are to have
a factor of safety of 2.5. The foundation design shall comply with BS 8004 : 1986.

6.1.2 Piled Foundation

Where investigations of subsoil have indicated a ground condition with low bearing
capacity and/or high water table or other special circumstances, piled foundation or
other “special” foundation shall be designed in accordance with established principles of
soil mechanics. The piles shall be of precast reinforced concrete conforming to BS8110-
Part 1 : 1997, and BS8004 : 1986.

6.2 PRECAST REINFORCED CONCRETE PILES

6.2.1 Description

The work shall comprise the supply and installation of precast reinforced concrete piles
(where required, hydraulic injection piles), inclusive of pitching and driving, lengthening
and cutting and preparation of pile heads, all in accordance with the Specification and to
the details shown on the working drawings. The Contractor shall be responsible in
providing all plant, appliances, temporary works and all items related to casting,
handling, driving, installing, and, if required, extracting piles or steel casings where
applicable.

6.2.2 Materials
a) Concrete
Unless otherwise specified, Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) of minimum Grade
45, and complying to MS 522 : Part 2 : 2005, shall be used for the casting of
piles.
b) Reinforcement
Steel reinforcement used shall conform to MS146 : 2006. The main
reinforcement bars in piles, shall in one continuous length, not exceed 12 metres
in length, unless otherwise specified by the Engineer. For piles exceeding
12metres in length, joints shall be permitted in main longitudinal bars at 12 metre
nominal intervals. Joints in adjacent bars shall be staggered at least one metre
apart along the length of the pile.

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 Joints shall be butt welded. Other means of jointing reinforcement, such as by
means of mechanical coupling, shall need the approval of the Engineer.

c) Pile Shoes
Piles need appropriate shoes to protect themselves from damages. Contractor
will propose the type of pile shoes subject to the soil strata.
The type of pile shoes to be used shall comply with the following requirements,
where relevant :
(i) ‘Chilled-hardened’ cast iron shoes , or
(ii) Mild steel to BS 4-1 : 2005, or
(iii) Cast steel to BS EN 10293 : 2005.

6.2.3 Manufacture And Storage Of Piles

a) Casting
The length of piles to be cast shall be as shown on the working drawings,
subject to revision by the Engineer based on the results of pile driving
resistance and/or load tests carried out on piles driven on site. In addition, the
Engineer may from time to time order the lengths of piles to be modified.

Piles shall be cast on a horizontal platform in an approved mould. The casting

of each pile shall be completed in one continuous operation and no
interruptions shall be allowed. Lifting holes shall be formed during the casting
operations.

Any pile face shall not deviate by more than 6mm from a straight edge,
3metre long laid on the face, and the centroid of any cross-sections of the
pile shall not deviate by more than 12mm from the staright line connecting the
centroid of the end faces of the pile.

After a pile has been cast, the date of casting, reference number, and the
length shall be clearly and permanently marked on the top surface and on the
head of the pile. In addition, each pile shall be marked at intervals of 0.5
metre along its length before driven.

b) Handling And Storage

The method and sequence of lifting, handling, transporting and storing piles
shall be such that piles are not damaged. Only the designed lifting and
support points shall be used. During transport and storage, piles shall be
placed with adequate supports located under the lifting points of the piles. All
piles within a stack shall be in groups of the same length. Packing of uniform
thickness shall be provided between piles at the lifting points.

6.2.4 Installation Of Piles

a) Pitching Of Piles
Piles shall be pitched accurately in the positions. At all stages during driving and
until the pile has set or been driven to the required length, all exposed piles shall
be adequately supported and restrained by means of leaders, trestles,
temporary supports or other guide arrangements to maintain position and
alignment, and to prevent buckling and damage to piles.

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 b) Driving Of Piles
Each pile shall be driven continuously until the specified set and/or depth has
been reached, unless otherwise approved by the Engineer. The driving
equipment used shall be of such type and capacity to the approval of the
Engineer. A dolly shall only be used upon the Engineer’s approval.
Detailed records of the driving resistance over the full length of each pile shall be
kept. The log shall record the number of blows for every 0.5 metre of pile
penetration. The Contractor shall inform the Engineer without delay if
unexpected changes in driving characteristics are encountered.
Where required by the Engineer, sets shall be taken at approved intervals during
the driving to establish the behaviour of the piles. A set shall be taken only in the
presence of the Engineer unless otherwise approved. The Contractor shall
provide all facilities to enable the Engineer to check driving resistances. The final
set of a pile other than a friction pile, shall be recorded as the penetration in
millimetres per 10 blows. The temporary compression of the pile shall be
recorded if required by the Engineer.
Piles shall be driven in an approved sequence to minimise the detrimental
effects of heave and lateral displacement of the ground. When required, careful
levelling from a datum unaffected by the piling shall be made on the pile heads
already driven, before and after driving subsequent piles. Any displaced or
heaved piles, deemed caused by driving of adjacent piles, shall be redriven by
the Contractor, at his own expense, to the required depth.

c) Repair To Damaged Pile Heads

If a pile is to be subjected to further driving, any damaged pile head shall be cut
off, and all loose particles shall be removed by wire brushing, followed by
washing with water. Care shall be exercised to ensure that the reinforcement in
the pile head is not in any way damaged. Any damaged reinforcement shall be
made good to the satisfaction of the Engineer.
The head shall be replaced with concrete of an approved grade and casted truly
in line with the remainder of the pile and to be properly cured and allowed to
harden sufficiently to develop the strength necessary for further driving. If a pile
has been driven to the required set or depth, the pile shall be made good to the
cut-off level as described above.

d) Lengthening Of Piles
Where piles have to be lengthened, other than by means of welding of steel
plates, the reinforcement shall be stripped of all surrounding concrete for a
distance equal to 30 times the diameter of the main reinforcement measured
from the pile head for spliced joints, and 300mm for butt welded joints. All lateral
reinforcements shall be removed.
The lengthening bars shall butt on the exposed bars in true alignment and shall
be butt welded as specified or be spliced with bars of the same diameter as the
main pile bars. New binders of similar size shall be provided and spaced at half
the centres of the binders in the main body of the pile, and shall be securely
bound with 1.63mm soft annealed iron wire. Care shall be taken to form the joint
between the hardened and fresh concrete as described in the Specification.
Any extension shall be truly in line with the remainder of the pile, and be properly
cured and allowed to harden sufficiently to develop the strength necessary for
further driving.

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 e) Rejection Of Piles
Piles deviating from position or inclination by more than the allowable tolerance
shall be liable to rejection by the Engineer. However at the entire discretion of
the Engineer, the piles may be accepted provided that all related costs involved
in the amendment of the supported structure to accommodate the altered
position of the piles are borne by the Contractor.

Any pile which is damaged or rejected, if the Engineer so directs, shall be

removed from the Site to a tip to be provided by the Contractor, who shall bear
the cost of removal and provision of tip.

6.3 PILE INSTALLATION RECORDS

The Contractor shall maintain and submit to the Engineer, a complete record of all pile
installation, containing the following information :

a) Name of Contractor.
b) Name of drill rig operator.
c) Pile number and location.
d) Shaft diameter.
e) Ground elevation.
f) Top elevation of shaft.
g) Bottom elevation of shaft.
h) Groundwater elevation.
i) Caving or sloughing of excavation.
j) Drilling difficulties.
k) Casing insertion, size and length, and whether or not removed.
l) Date and Time of start and finish of excavation.
m) Length and diameter of reinforcing bar cage.
n) Date and time of concrete placed.
o) Calculated volume of excavation based on the diameter and length of shaft.
p) Total quantity of concrete placed.
q) Details of re-driving (if any).

6.4 BORED PILING (Where applicable)

6.4.1 General

This section covers foundation bored piling installation of temporary metal casings, and
placing of concrete for piers.

6.4.2 Disposal Of Excavated Materials

The Contractor shall dispose of all excavated materials in a manner and to a location
acceptable to the Engineer.

6.4.3 Classification Of Materials

No classification of excavated materials shall be made except for identification purposes.

Drilling shall include the removal and subsequent handling of all materials encountered
in drilling of piles to the depth required.

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6.4.4 Blasting Works

Blasting will not be permitted on Site. Any damage incurred to any adjacent works or
properties due to unauthorised blasting works by the Contractor, including all related
costs, shall be the responsibility of the Contractor.

6.4.5 Drilling Works

Foundation piles shall be drilled with an auger or other approved equipment where
required to advance the pile. Casings shall be used where the sides of the excavation
are unstable and may be used at all locations. Drilling equipment shall be designed to
drill straight and clean holes. The Contractor may elect to advance the excavation and
facilitate the removal of cuttings by utilising a densified fluid.

The Contractor shall place a temporary casing or casings by appropriate means.

Temporary casing shall be of metal and of ample strength to withstand handling
stresses and the external pressure of the caving soil, rock, and/or water, and shall be
watertight. The casing shall be smooth and its interior shall be clean. The outside
diameter of the casing shall not be less than the specified diameter of the drilled shaft.

Temporary casing shall be removed by the use of a vibratory extractor. During removal,
the casing shall be continually plumb and the concrete surface within the casing shall be
continually observed for maintenance of concrete ‘head’ sufficient to offset any concrete
loss and the casing’s external water head. A minimum head of between 1.2 to 1.5
metres of concrete shall be maintained above the bottom of the casing during extraction.
The Contractor shall use appropriate means to clean the bottom of the excavation such
that no more than 25mm of loose material is present.

Each pile shall be accurately located, sized and plumbed. The maximum variation of any
pile from its designated location shall not be more than 50mm at its top elevation. No
pier shall be out of plumb more than 16mm in one metre of height. Variation of pile
location within the specified limits shall not be cause for variation in anchor bolt or pile
cap location. All pile depths shall be checked immediately prior to any concrete
placement.

6.4.6 Inspection Of Pile Excavation

Any pile excavation shall be inspected by the Engineer or his Representative prior to the
placement of reinforcing steel or concrete. The Contractor shall be responsible in
providing all arrangements necessary for this inspection.

6.4.7 Concrete For Bored Piles

All concreting works for foundation piles shall conform to the requirements as described
earlier in SECTION 5 ‘CONCRETE WORKS’. Unless otherwise specified by the
Engineer, concrete shall be placed in the pile holes on the same day the holes are
drilled. Any loose materials must be removed from the holes and reinforcing shall be
thoroughly cleaned before any concrete is placed.
Concrete shall be placed with a tremie or funnel to prevent segregation, and the top 1.8
metres shall be rodded or vibrated to provide a dense mass free of voids. During laying
of concrete, the concrete ‘slump’ shall not exceed 150mm.

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 All reinforcements shall be installed and secured to prevent shifting during the
placement of concrete. Anchor bolts for steel structure foundations shall be installed
plumb and within 3mm of their specified plan location. The upper portion of the piles
shall be formed where indicated on the working drawings.

Records shall be kept by the Contractor indicating the volume of each pile excavated
which shall then be compared to the volume of concrete actually placed in each pile. A
lesser amount of concrete placed than calculated may indicate faulty pile construction. In
the event of such an occurrence, the Engineer shall be notified, and immediate remedial
action shall then be taken by the Contractor.

6.4.8 Underwater Concreting Works

Underwater concrete shall be placed through tremies, equipped with a tremie seal at
the lower end and a hopper at the upper end. The tremie shall be watertight and large
enough to allow a free flow of concrete. Any agitation of deposited concrete must be
avoided. The entire mass of concrete shall be placed as quickly as possible for ease of
flow without the necessity of horizontal shifting below the water.

The water shall be quiescent when concrete is deposited therein. After placing, the
groundwater level in the adjacent areas shall be kept static until the initial set of the
concrete has been taken.

6.5 PILE TESTING

6.5.1 Definitions

a) Compression Pile
A pile that is designed to resist an axial force such as, would cause it to
penetrate into the ground.

b) Tension Pile
A pile that is designed to resist an axial force such as, would cause it to be
extracted from the ground.

c) Test Pile
A compression pile to which a load is applied to determine the “Load vs.
Settlement Characteristics” of the pile and the surrounding ground. A tension pile
to which a load is applied to determine the “Load vs. Uplift Characteristics” of the
pile.

(i) Preliminary Test Pile

A pile which is installed prior to the installation of working piles in order to
establish that the proposed pile satisfy the requirements of the Engineer
with regard to bearing capacity and settlement.
(ii) Working Test Pile
A pile which is installed as part of the foundation and tested to ensure
that the standards of materials and workmanship are being maintained.

d) Kentledge
The dead weight used in a loading test.

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6.5.2 Testing Of Piles
The minimum period between the installation and the test load of a pile shall be one
week. The Contractor shall notify the Engineer, at least 48 hours, before the
commencement of any pile test.
All pile operations shall be stopped during any load testing period.

6.6 LOAD TEST ON PILES

A Maintained Load Test (MLT) shall be carried out on every test pile. The Engineer may,
at his discretion, decide to carry out the Constant Rate Of Penetration (CRP) Test or
Dynamic Pile Testing (using the Pile Driving Analyser or PDA) on the trial piles, upon
completion of the MLT, and selected works piles.

6.6.1 Test Load Kentledge

The test load shall be applied by means of a hydraulic jack of adequate capacity fitted
with measuring devices capable of registering loads in increments not exceeding 50kN.
The hydraulic jack and measuring devices shall be approved by the Engineer before
use. Certificates of calibration for all measuring devices shall be provided at the
Engineer' s request.

The kentledge shall be provided by a heavy mass of dead load, exceeding the
maximum test load required, supported centrally over the test pile on a suitably
constructed temporary staging or by means of anchor piles.

If anchor piles are used to provide reaction for the jack, the centre to centre distance
between the piles and the test pile must not be less than 1.5 metres. Where the pile
diameter exceeds 1.5 metres, this diameter will be used as the minimum. Any anchor
piles, which later form part of the piled foundation for the structure, shall be re-driven to
the set or level as required by the Engineer.

6.6.2 Settlement Measurement

Vertical movements of any test pile shall be measured by at least two dial gauges, i.e.
25mm travel, graduated to an accuracy of 0.05 mm.

The gauge shall be erected on stiff steel beams, the ends of which shall rest on or be
fixed to reliable supports. Such supports shall be located not closer than two metres
away from the test pile, and shall be rigidly fixed to the ground to a depth of not less than
one metre of a concrete surround. The elevation of the supports shall be constantly
checked with reference to a fixed benchmark.

The entire measuring assembly shall be properly protected against rain, direct sunlight
and other disturbances that might affect its reliability. Temperature readings shall be
taken when requested by the Engineer.

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6.6.3 Equipment And Personnel For Load Test

All kentledge, staging, anchor piles, equipment, shelter, supports, etc. required for the
load test shall be provided by the Contractor, who shall also provide all necessary
facilities to enable the Engineer or his Representatives to check all readings during the
progress of the test.
The Engineer shall supervise and direct the whole process of the test and provide skilled
staff to assist in taking and recording all readings. The Contractor shall provide all the
labour required for the proper execution of the test, including the construction and
dismantling of the load staging, and handling of the kentledge materials on and off the
load stage etc. and for continuous and competent supervision of the whole test to the
full satisfaction of the Engineer.

6.6.4 Procedure Of Testing

a) Maintained Load Test (MLT)

The load shall be applied in increments of 25% of the working load until a
maximum test load of twice the working load is reached. Each increment of load
shall be applied as smoothly and as expeditiously as possible. Settlement
readings and time observations shall be taken before and after each new load
increment.
A settlement-time graph shall be plotted to indicate when the rate of settlement
of 0.1mm in 20 minutes is reached. A further increment of load shall be applied
when this rate of settlement is achieved or until a minimum time of 2 hours has
elapsed, whichever is later. The process is repeated until the maximum test load
is reached. The maximum test load shall then be maintained for a minimum of
25 hours, and time-settlement readings shall be taken in regular intervals as for
the other load stages.
The test load shall then be decreased in four equal stages and time-settlement
readings taken as described aforesaid until movement ceases. An interval of at
least 60 minutes shall be allowed between the unloading decrements.
The tested pile shall be deemed to have failed if :-
i. The residual settlement after removal of the test load exceeds 6.5mm.
ii. The total settlement under the Working Load exceeds 12.5mm.
iii. The total settlement under twice the Working Load exceeds 38.0mm, or
10% of pile diameter / width, whichever is the lower value.

b) Dynamic Pile Test (PDA Test)

The Contractor shall engage an independent specialist firm that has extensive
experience and proven track record in carrying out the PDA Test and
interpretation of the results. The Contractor shall allow in the Contract Price for
any delays caused by the dynamic testing of piles. All testing or measurements
shall be made in the presence of the Engineer’s representatives. The PDA Test
carried out shall comply with ASTM D4945-00 “Standard Test Method For High-
Strain Dynamic Testing Of Piles”. The piles to be tested must be exposed to a
minimum length of one (1) metre to prevent damage to the gauges by the
hammer.

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6.6.5 Testing Of Work Piles

The tender shall include and cater for the testing of work piles to twice the working load
applied by incremental loading as already described. The Engineer shall decide and
select piles that are to be tested after their installation. Selected piles shall not be loaded
until one week after their installation.

6.6.6 Failure Of Work Piles

In the event of one or more piles failing to satisfy the test requirements, the Contractor
shall, at his own expense, test such additional piles as may be required by the Engineer.
The Piling Contractor shall bear the cost of all additional works including the driving of
additional piles as the Engineer may consider necessary due to the failure of one or
more piles to satisfy the requirements of the loadings test.

6.6.7 Final Report

A final report for the tested piles must be prepared on completion of field work,
incorporating results of the tested piles together with the details of pile instrumentation
and recording equipment, records of field measurements made and analysis of the
measured data. This report will be sent to the Engineer within 3 weeks after the testing
completed.

6.7 PROTECTION AGAINST CORROSION

Where protection against corrosion is considered necessary, piles shall be coated

externally with bituminous composition, tar, or preservative paint of approved quality
before they are driven. In other cases, all surfaces shall be coated. if tar is employed, it
should be neutralized with slaked lime obtained from the high temperature distillation of
coal.
When a considerable degree of corrosion by the action of soil, water or stray electrical
currents is expected, an allowance for the loss of thickness in the metal shall be made or
cathodic protection should be provided.

6.8 SPLICING

The butting surfaces of adjoining portions of a pile shall be truly square to ensure
contact over the whole cross-section. The joints shall be formed to withstand the
handling stresses and to develop the necessary column strength during driving and
during the finished pile state. Bolted or welded cover plates shall be provided. There
shall not be more than one joint in each pile.

6.9 WELDING

All surfaces to be welded shall be free of rust, grease and dirt. Welding electrodes shall
comply with BS EN ISO 2560 : 2005. Welding operations shall conform to BS EN 1011-
1 : 1998. “ Specification for Arc welding of Carbon Steel”.

All welding shall be done in an approved manner to prevent any distortion. Only skilled
welders shall be employed on the site and shall have previously undertaken selected
tests as described in MS1206 : Part 2 : 1991. Gas welding shall not be permitted on
Site. All fillet welds shall not be less than 8mm unless otherwise stated.

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6.10 CUTTING PILES TO REQUIRED LEVELS

All piles driven to the required set and above the ground shall be cut-off at the required
levels. The length of pile to be bonded in a pile cap shall be such that the permissible
bond stress is not exceeded. All cut-off piles shall be disposed of as waste and removed
from site or re-used as directed by the Engineer.

The Contractor shall survey all pile levels, and provide to the Engineer, details of the
actual location of the driven piles compared to their positions as indicated on the pile
layout drawings.

6.11 FINAL SURVEY

Upon completion of the piling works, the Contractor shall be required to employ a
Licensed Surveyor to prepare a Survey Plan for the Engineer showing the final positions
and the top levels of the piles.

6.12 FOUNDING LEVELS

The responsibility for obtaining the required resistance to withstand the limited
settlement as specified shall rest with the Contractor. A longer pile length due to
unfavourable ground condition, shall only be permitted when the Contractor is able to
produce practical evidence that the increased pile length would be more economical and
provide equivalent safety. Where a pile is to be constructed in good ground, the
Contractor must provide sufficient proof that the reduced length of pile can safely carry
the required load.

6.13 PILING TOLERANCE

The centreline of each pile shall not deviate from its true position in the working draw-
ings by more than 12.5% of the least lateral dimension of the pile in any direction. Such
deviation, however, shall be limited to a maximum of 76mm.

The vertical position of piles, and any inclination of raked piles shall not deviate at any
point by more than 1 in 120 from their true vertical or raked positions respectively.
Additional costs, in relation to the amendment of pile caps or beams etc., due to pile
eccentricities exceeding the above tolerances shall be borne by the Contractor.

6.14 DAMAGED OR DISPLACED PILES

Piles shall be handled carefully to avoid dropping or severe jarring while they are in a
horizontal position, and be formed, in such a manner, as to ensure that the previously
formed piles in adjacent positions sustain no damage. Where a pile has been damaged
due to handling, driving or displaced due to installation or driving test loading, the
Contractor shall drive replacement pile(s) at a location to be agreed by the Engineer. All
costs with regard to the above, including any ammendment in the pile caps and all
additional strapping beams as may be required to achieve the required bearing capacity
at the original location, shall be borne by the Contractor.

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6.15 SITE SURFACING WORKS

The Contractor is to allow for any special surfacing that may be required for piling rigs.
For the purpose of the Tender, piling may be assumed to take place from the existing
ground level.]

6.16 DISPOSAL OF EARTH

The Contractor shall be responsible in removing all surplus earth resulting from any
piling operation from Site. All costs related herewith are deemed included in the Contract
Price.

6.17 EQUIPMENT AND LABOUR

The Contractor shall provide all frames, equipment-lifting devices and labour necessary
for the driving of piles. Before commencement of working piles, the Contractor shall
submit to the Engineer full details of his working schedule, including the number and
type of frames and hammers which he intends to use. The Engineer shall order the
removal or replacement of any equipment or staff whenever he thinks that such
equipment and staff for the works are inadequate.

6.18 LIFTING AND PITCHING

Piles shall be pitched accurately in their location, and on the appropriate lines and levels.
No piles, which has deflected or heaved from its true course or has been wrongly
aligned shall be forcibly brought back to alignment.

6.19 DRIVING OR BORING

The Tenderer shall include in his Rates, driving or boring through old foundations,
brickwork, any breaking up of surface concrete etc. and any other obstructions met with.
Driving shall cease when the pile has reached rock or at a level when the calculated set
is achieved. The set shall be determined from the test pile calculated using Hiley' s
formula or as directed by the Engineer.

6.20 RECORDS

The Contractor shall provide three copies of continuous records of driving piles to the
Engineer. These records, must be made by a competent inspector, and shall include
weight and drop or energy of driving piles, the date, time, total length of penetration, rate
of penetration and number of blows for every metre penetration under last ten blows of
hammer, temporary compression, and any other data deemed relevant by the Engineer.

6.21 REDRIVING OF PILES

All heaved piles deemed by the Engineer was a result of driving displacement shall be
redriven to the required set or level at the Contractor' s expense. The Engineer may also
require for the Contractor to redrive certain pile not caused by the heave. For this
situation, the Contractor shall be entitled to any additional pile costs.

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6.22 GENERAL SITE WORKS

The Contractor is to keep the whole Site, during the Contract Period, free from any
excessive surface water by the provision of temporary drains or other means of
drainage.

6.23 DAMAGE TO ADJACENT PROPERTIES

The Contractor shall be responsible for any damages to adjacent properties due to his
piling activities. All necessary precautions to safeguard adjacent properties shall be
taken by the Contractor by providing shoring, underpinning or other approved methods.

6.24 UNSET PILES IN LIMESTONE FORMATION

The Contractor shall bear the full costs of the supply and installation of non-setting piles
if in the opinion of the Engineer, the inability of the pile to attain the specified set is
attributable to the following causes :

a) The flanges at the toe of the driven pile buckled and were torn apart in
penetrating through the limestone strata, and / or
b) In attempting to find itself in the vicinity of the pinnacles of the limestone
formation, the buried leading lengths of the driven piles are deviated from their
vertical alignment on being further driven.

The Contractor shall submit his remedial proposal as regards to any revised method of
pile installation, the numbers and layout of the piles replacing these unset piles for the
approval of the Engineer.

Notwithstanding the acceptance of the remedial proposal by the Engineer, the

Contractor shall at his own cost pay all expenses for :

a) the supply and installation of the excess numbers of piles derived by taking the
difference between the total numbers of work piles driven to set and the
numbers of work piles actually required (with no allowance for defective piles) all
as specified on the Engineer' s drawings.
b) the supply and installation of all unset replacement piles.
c) any enlargement or modification of pile caps to encase the replacement piles.
d) all other items of works related to the site investigation of the unset piles.

The Engineer' s decision on the outcome of the investigation conducted to establish the
cause of work piles failing to achieve the specified set, after taking fair and objective
consideration of all relevant information available, shall be taken as final.

6.25 INTERFERENCE DURING PROGRESS OF WORK

Where obstructions of are met during the driving of piles, redriving of work piles or
heaved piles, or other remedial operations, no claims for additional costs will be
entertained by the Engineer in relation to the Contractor'
s labour or equipment idling
time or any overhead charges.

TRANSMISSION TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION

TENAGA NASIONAL BERHAD PART 2 : TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS
SECTION 6 : FOUNDATION
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6.26 STOPPAGE AND REDRIVING

In the event of any temporary interruption or stoppage of piling or driving operations

either authorised or recommended by the Engineer resulting in any idling of plant or
labour, the Contractor shall be deemed to have allowed for such situation in his Tender.

6.27 RECTIFICATION OF PILING WORK

Any rectification works on piles such as pile found to be out of alignment, piles cast too
long or too short, additional size of pile caps, additional piles etc. shall be made good at
the Contractor' s expense and the cost shall be deducted from any money due to the
Contractor under the Contract.

6.28 PILE LENGTHS

For Tender purposes, a basic pile length of an average anticipated penetration is to be

assumed. The length and numbers of piles given in the Bills of Quantities are
provisional. The Contractor shall not be entitled to any additional rates or expenses
should the lengths and number of piles differ from the actual lengths and number of piles
installed.

The Contractor is not to base his order for materials on the quantities in the Bill of
Quantities and will not be reimbursed for materials delivered to Site in excess of the total
requirement on completion.

TRANSMISSION TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION

TENAGA NASIONAL BERHAD PART 2 : TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS
SECTION 6 : FOUNDATION
Doc. No. TTS-CV-FDN Revision No. 1 Date 2 Aug 2011 Page 13 of 13
Printed from EDMS System