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Thermodynamics Neet Champion

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Thermodynamics Neet Champion

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Rohith Mungath
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P@WER EXERCISE 12.3: Zeroth Law of Thermodynamics 2013 1. The zeroth law of thermodynamics for three systems A, Band C in contact demands that (@) and B are in thermal equilibrium (b) Band Care in thermal equilibrium (©) Aand Care in thermal equilibrium @ 4, Band C are in thermal equilibrium (J&K CET) 2012 z Which of the following laws of thermodynamics forms the basis for the definition of temperature ? (a) First law (b) Zeroth law (©) Second law (@) Third law (J & K CET) ele eel ee 12.5 : First Law of Thermodynamics EW oF thermodynamics 2016 3. Which of the following is not a path function ? (a) AQ (b) AQ+ AW (© aw (@) AQ- AW WIPMER) 2015 4 Ina given process of an ideal gas, dWV = 0 and dO <0. Then for the gas (a) the temperature will decrease (b) the volume will increase (c)_ the pressure will remain constant (@) the temperature will increase (WJIPMER) 2014 5. The change in intemal energy of a thermodynamical system which has absorbed 2 kcal of heat and done 400 J of work is (1 cal = 4.2 J) (a) 2kJ (6) 8kI- (ce) 3.5kI (d) SSK) (©) 4.2K (Kerala PMT) 2013 6. Assystem is taken from state ato state c by two paths adc and abc as shown in the figure. The internal energy at P| a is U, = 10 J, Along the path adc the amount of absorbed 89, - 50 J and the work obtained 8H, = 20 J whereas ong the path abc the heat absorbed 80, = 36 ; ‘The amount of work along the path abc is (@ 107 (b) 12) © 363 @) 65 (NEET Karnataka 2013, AMU (Med.) 2071 2012 a ‘An ideal gas goes from state A to state B via three different processes as indicated in the P-V diagram, If Q,, Q, QO; indicate the heat absorbed by the gas along the a three processes and AU), AU, AU, indicate the change in internal energy along the three processes 8 respectively, then v—— (@) Q,>Q,>Q, and AU; = AU; = AU; (b) Q,>Q,>Q, and AU, = AU, = AU, (©) Q)=@;~=@, and AU, > AU; > AU, (@)_ Q;>,>O, and AU, > AU; > AU; (AIPMT (Mains)) 0.100 mol of an ideal gas is heated from 10 to 20°C keeping its (a) volume constant (b) pressure constant. Let AU, and AU, denote the change in the intemal energy of the gas due to process (a) and (b) respectively Then which of the following shall be true? (a) AU,=AU, (b) AU,> AU, (©) AU, 3 7 W&KCEN The height of a waterfall is 50 m. Ifg=9.8 ms” the difference between the temperature at the top and the bottom of the waterfall is ) 217°C (@) 117°C (© o.117°C (a) 143°C 2 Lat ago Oia Oe @ (WB JEE) 2008 26. For an ideal gas i 31. (a) Cpis less than Cy (b) Cp is equal to Cy : (©) Cpis greater than Cy (d) Cp = Cy=0 (6) If assertion is true but reason is false. (@ If both assertion and reason are false. (IMS) The processes 3, 2 and 1 represent the respective isobaric, isothermal and adiabatic expansion of one 3 mole of a gas initially at a pressure P from volume 7 Hake) to 2V. The work done is 12.7 : Thermodynamic State Variables and (a) maximum in the process 1 g (b) maximum in the process2 J Equation of State (©) minimum inthe process 1 (@) minimum in the process 2009 " Volume WeKcen 27. Which of the following is not a thermodynamic 32, A gas is compressed isothermally to half its initial coordinate? volume. The same gas is compressed separately (a) Gas constant (R) through an adiabatic process until its volume is again (©) Volume (1) reduced to half. Then (a) Compressing the gas isothermally or adiabatically 2008 28. Which of the following parameters does not will require the same amount of work. characterise the thermodynamic state of matter? (b) Pressure (P) (@)_ Temperature (7) (Karnataka CET) (6) Which of the case (whether compression through isothermal or through adiabatic process) requires ‘more work will depend upon the atomicity ofthe gas. (a) Temperature (b) Pressure (©) Compressing the gas isothermally will require (©)_ Work (a) Volume (UP CPMT) more work to be done. (4) Compressing the gas through adiabatic process 12.8 : Thermodynamic Processes will require more work to be done. a (NET Phase-l 2017 eee A 33. One mole of an ideal monoatomic gas undergoes a 29. ee nunie Processes are indicated in the process described by the equation PV? = constant. The Sorc eae heat capacity of the gas during this process is 3 3 =R za @ 7 @) 3 (©) 2R (@) R (NET Phase-tl) 2015 34. An ideal gas is compressed to half its initial volume by means of several processes, Which of the process results in the maximum work done on the gas? Match the following (@)_Isochoric (b) Isothermal Column-1 Column-2 (c) Adiabatic (d)_Isobaric (AIPMT) P. Process I ‘A. Adiabatic , S. Athermod: QQ. Process Il B. Isobaric a ‘esdiad oul Care ay wl R. Process III C._ Isochoric original state D to an yl, S. Process IV D. Isothermal intermediate state E by “97° (a) PC, Q>A, R4D, SB the linear process shown (6) P3C, QOD, RB, SA in figure (c) PD, Q>B, RA, S9C The total work done by Ver (d) PA, QC, RD, S9B (NET) the gas from D to Eto Fis 2016 (@) 1003 (b) 800) (©) 3003 (a) 205 30. Assertion : In an adiabatic process, change in intemal : i energy of @ gas is equal to work done on or by the gas 36. Consider the process on asystem in the process, shown in figure below. During Reason : Temperature of gas remains constant in an adiabatic process, (a) If both assertion and reason are true and reason is the correct explanation of assertion, (b) If both assertion and reason are true but reason is not the correct explanation of assertion. 7 the process, the work done by the system (a) continuously increases (b) continuously decreases (©). first increases then decreases (d) first decreases then increases (amu (Med) 37. 38. 39. 40. 41. 42, 43. ‘An ideal gas is taken from state A to state B and then from state 2 to state C as shown in figure. Which of the following statements is true? (a) Process AB is isochoric, while process BC is isobe (b) Process AB is isobaric, while process BC is isochoric. (c) Process AB is isothermal while process BC is adiabatic (d) Process AB is adiabatic while process BC is isothermal. (AMU (Med.)) In an isochorie process (a) Work done is constant (b) ©) Volume changes, work done remains same Volume remains constant and no work is done by the system Both volume and work done changes (COMEDK) In acyclic process, the change in the intemal energy of a system over one complete cycle (a) depends on the path (b)_ is always negative (c)_ is always zero (d)_ is always positive W&K CEN In an adiabatic process, the state of a gas is changed from P;, V;, T; to P;, V2, T2- Which of the following relations is correct? Am TP, qd) (b) PWV = Pabst! @) TY" = Te (JIPMER) If AU represents the increase in intemal energy and W the work done by the thermodynamic system, then -W is an isothermal process W is an isothermal process —Wis an adiabatic process W is an adiabatic process Wis an isochoric process (Kerala PMT) In which of the following processes the P-V indicator diagram is a straight line parallel to volume axis? (a) adiabatic (0) irreversible (©) isobaric (d)_ isothermal Se The pressure p, volume V and temperature 7 for a AT - BT? Vv certain gas are related by p= » where and B are constants. The work done by the gas when the temperature changes from 7, to T, while the Pressure remains constant, is given by, (a) A()-7)+B(3 -7)) AC, Bry -T) yo nh (b) (©) AM,-%)- BO} 7) @ ABB) (WB JEE) 2014 44, A monoatomic gas at a pressure P, having a volume V expands isothermally to a volume 2V and then adiabatically to a volume 16V. The final pressure of the gas is (Take y= 5/3) (a) 64P (b) 32P— (c) P/64 (d)- GP (AIPM) 45. A thermodynamic system undergoes cyclic process ABCDA as shown in figure. The work done by the system in the cycle is 4 3 (a) Palo 3B, B (b) 2% 2 i Py} Y @ Bh i ‘r 2 % ev (@ zero (pun) 46, ‘The four curves 4}, 4p, 43 and A, are shown on PY diagram. Which of the curves represents adiabatic process? v © A (@) A, (AMU (Med.)) 47. When the gas expands with temperature using the relation V= K7°” for the temperature change of 40 K, the work done is (a) Ay (b) 4g (a) 20.1R (b) 30.2R (c) 26.6R (d) 35.6R (J &K CET) 48. In an isothermal process, there is (a) change in temperature (b) heat supplied is used to do work against external surrounding. (©) change in internal energy (d)_ none of these (JIPMER) 49. Internal energy of a gas remains unchanged in an/a () isothermal process (II) adiabatic process (111) reversible process (IV) eyelie process Which of the these are true? (a) I and IV only (b) I, Ill and IV only (©) Wand only (4) ‘Il. and IV only (WIPMER) 50. A cycle tyre bursts suddenly, What is the type of this 8? (a) Isochoric (b) Isothermal (c) Isobaric (d) Adiabatic (Karnataka CET) 51, OnemoleofavanderWaals'gas P. obeying the equation ‘P)... a P+ |v—syerr ( ? ) » », undergoes the quasi-static i eyclic process which is shown Vy 1 in the P-V diagram, The net heat absorbed by the gas in this process is ©) FA-AMK-F) &) HR+PH-) () E a}n “hy 3 1 a a @ ia oath alm -;) — (WBAEE) 2013 52. A gas is taken through the cycle A > B—» C > A, as shown. What is the net work done by the gas? P (10° Pa) r 5 < x 1 0 oS ¥(10~ m’) (a) Zero (b) - 2000) (c) 20003 (10003 (NET) 53. During an adiabatic process, the pressure of a gas is found to be proportional to the cube of its temperature. The ratio of £2 forthe gas is Gy 5 3 @;5 o® 5 ©) @) 2 (NEET) 54. Which of the following relations does not give the equation of an adiabatic process, where terms have their usual meaning? (a) P!-" T= constant (b) PY = constant (©) TVY~'=constant (d) P'T'~Y = constant (NEET Karnataka) 55, Ina cyclic process, work done by the system is (a) zero (b) more than the heat given to the system (©) equal to heat given to the system (@)_ independent of heat given to system (AIMS) 56. One mole of oxygen of volume | litre at 4 atm pressure to attain 1 atm pressure by result of isothermal expansion. The work done by the gas during expansion wie 2 is nearly (a) 1553 (b) 2859 (6) 3553) $55) (Ais) 57, Starting with the same initial conditions, an ideal guy expands from volume V; to V, in thee different ways, The work done by the gas is # if the process is purely isothermal, W if purely isobaric and W5 if purely adiabatic, Then (a) W> Wy, > Wy (© M>W.> Ws (b) W,> Wy> @) Wi>Wy>M, (AMU(Med,) 58, A frictionless piston-cylinder based enclosure contains some amount of gas at a pressure of 400 kPa, Then heat is transferred to the gas at constant pressure in «1 quasi-static process. The piston moves up slowly through a height of 10.cm. If the piston has a cross. sectional area of 0.3 m’, the work done by the gas in this process is (a) OKI (b) 12K (c) 7.5 kJ (d) 24k (WB JEE) 2012 59. A thermodynamic system is aap. taken through the eyele ABCD as shown in figure. Heat § rejected by the gas during the i cycle is v3 (a) 2PV (by) 4PY Volume—> © sev (@ Pv (apn) 60. One mole of an ideal gas goes from an initial state A to final state B via two processes ; It first undergoes isothermal expansion from volume V to 3 and then its volume is reduced from 3V to V at constant pressure. ‘The correct P-V diagram representing the two processes is 61. Conversion of water to steam is accompanied bY which process? (a) Adiabatic (©) Isochoric (b) Isothermal @) Cyclic (aims) «a. Whatisthe slope for an isothermal process? @ Z ) ©) Zero (4) w (AIMS) ‘Anidealgasis taken through the cycle d+ B+ C. 3. “spown i figure. Ifthe net heat supplied to the ae thecycleis 5J, the work done by the gas in the pro A> Bis P(N/m®)—> @2) 37 © 4) @s5 (aims) 64. For an adiabatic process y represents (Cpr o & é ? © (@) Cp+Cy (AFM) oy 65. Which of the two, (i) compressing a gas isothermally until its volume is reduced by half (ii) compressing the same gas adiabatically until its volume is reduced by half, will require more work to be done? @ @ (b) (ii) (©) both will require the same amount of work. (@) it will depend upon the nature of the gas. W&K CED 66. Pick out the correct match from the following Process Feature (@ Isothermal - Pressure constant (&) Isobaric - Volume constant (©) Isochoric - AQ=0 (@ Adiabatic - Temperature constant © Cyclic - AU=0 (Kerala PMT) 67. One mole of an ideal gas is taken A then back to 4. The variation of its volume with temperature 5 for that change is as shown. Its =T Pressure at A is Py, volume is Vo. Then, the internal energy (@) at A is more than at B (b) at Cis less than at B (c) at B is more than at A (@) at 4 and B are equal (Karnataka CET) 8. In a thermodynamic process, if the volume remains constant, then the process is known as (®) isothermal (b) isobaric (©) isochoric (@) adiabatic from A to B, from B to C and t \ (QJEE) 2011 69. A mass of diatomic gas (y = 1.4) at a pressure of 2 atmospheres is compressed adiabatically so that its temperature rises from 27°C to 927°C. The pressure of the gas in the final state is (a) 8 atm (b) 28 atm (©) 68.7 atm (d) 256 atm (AIPMT (Mains) 70. For an adiabatic process, (@) AS=0 (bo) AU=0 © 0 (@ w= 0 (AIMS) ‘71. For cyclic process which of the following quantity is zero? (@) Av) AU) @ 40 (Alms) 72, Assertion : During rapid pumping of air in tyres, air inside the tyre is hotter than atmospheric air. Reason : Adiabatic process occurs at very high rate. (@)_ If both assertion and reason are true and reason is the correct explanation of assertion. (b) If both assertion and reason are true but reason is not the correct explanation of assertion. (©) If assertion is true but reason is false. (@) If both assertion and reason are false. (AIMS) 73. A gas is expanded from volume V, to volume V; in three processes, shown in the figure. If Uy, Up, Ucand Up represent the internal energies of the gas when in state A, B, C and D respectively, then which of the following is not correct? Isobarie P| Wosy (a) Up-U,>0 (b) Uc-U,=0 (©) Up-U,<0 (@) Us=Uc=Up (AMU'(Med.)) 74, At 27°C, a gas is suddenly compressed such that + its pressure becomes (@) of original pressure. 8 “Temperature of the gas will be (" ’) (a) 420K (b) 327°C (c) 300K (a) -142°C (BHU) 75. A thermodynamic process in which the system is insulated from the surroundings and no heat flows between the system and the surroundings is an (@) isothermal process (b) adiabatic process (©) isochoric process _(d)_isobaric process (J & KCET 2011, Kerala PMT 2009) 76. An ideal gas is compressed isothermally until its pressure is doubled and then allowed to expand adiabatically to regain its original volume (y~ 1.4 and 2-'4 = 0.38). The ratio of the final to initial pressure is (a) 0.76:1 (bo) 1:1 (c) 0.66:1 (d) 0.86:1 (WB JEE) 2010 77. A monoatomic gas at pressure P, and volume V; is compressed adiabatically to * volume. What isthe final pressure ofthe gas? (®) 64%) ©) 167, @) 327, (AIPMT (Mains) 78. During an adiabatic expansion, the increase in volume is associated with which of the following possibilities war. pressure and temperature? of its original Pressure ‘Temperature (a) increase increase (b) decrease decrease (c) increase decrease (d) decrease increase (AMU (Med.)) 79. 400 ce volume of a gas having y = 5/2 is suddenly compressed to 100 ce. If the initial pressure is P, then the final pressure will be (a) P32 (b) 8P (c) 32P (d) 16P. (BHU) 80. The volume of one mole of an ideal gas changes from V to 2V at temperature 300 K. If R is universal gas constant, then work done in this process is (a) 300RIn2 () 600RIn2 (©) 300In2 @) 600In2 (J &K CET) 81. During an adiabatic process, the pressure of a gas is found to be proportional to 4 power of its absolute temperature. The y for the gas is 4 3 @ 3 4 2 5 = b) a) > Os ) @3 (uP cPMn 2009 82. In thermodynamic processes which of the following statements is not true? (a) Inan isochoric process pressure remains constant. (b) Inn isothermal process the temperature remains constant. (c) In an adiabatic process PV’ = constant, (d) In an adiabatic process the system is insulated from the surroundings, (PMT) 83. Assertion : For an isothermal process in an ideal gas, the heat absorbed by the gas is entirely used in the work done by the gas, Reason : During a process taking place in a system, the temperature remains constant then the process is isothermal (a) If both assertion and reason are true and reason is the correct explanation of assertion. (b) If both assertion and reason are true but ey, is not the correct explanation of assertion (©) Ifassertion is true but reason is false. (4) If both assertion and reason are false. Aqys 84. A box (thermally insulated) ‘has to chang, separated by a membrane. One of volume V conain an ideal gas at temperature T: The other of volun, (2) is evacuated. Ifthe membrane breaks down 2 {gas temperature will be 3 or (@) 37 ) > ©r (d)_ none of these (AMU (Med) 85. A graph of pressure versus volume for an ideal gas fy different processes is as shown. In the graph curve 0¢ represents ——r (b) isothermal process (d) adiabatic process (Karnataka CEN) (a) isochoric process (c)_ isobaric process 86. In which of the processes does the intemal energy of the system remain constant? (a) Adiabatic (b) Isochoric (©) Isothermal (d)_Isobaric (QJEE, Karnataka CET 2008) 2008 87. If Q, E and W denote respectively the heat added, change in intemal energy and the work done in 8 closed cycle process, then (a) E=0 (b) Q=0 (©) W=0 (@ Q=W=0 (APM) 88. Anidealmonoatomicgasis —‘f on taken round the cycle Pp ABCA as shown in the ao figure. The work done during the cycle is — (a) zero (b) +3PV (©) -3PV (d) none of these (AMU (Med.), Kamataka CED 89. Ideal gas undergoes an adiabatic change in its st! from (P;, V;, T,) to (Py, Vy, Ty). The work done (?) in the process is (d= number of moles, Cp and Cy #* molar specific heats of gas) E~ WT) =T;)Cp (db) W = wT, ~ wer ©) W= WT, +T)Cp (a) W= WT, + TIC i+ T)Cp (a) HC Kc 90, Anideal gasis taken around the cycle ABCA as shown in the P-V diagram ‘The total work done by the gas during the cycle is @) PV (bo) 2PV (e) 4FY. (@) 3PV (© 6PV (Kerala PMT) 91. ThePVdiagramofacyclic 200 c process is showm, the | work done by the gas during ABCA as shown Pre}?T “E> * in figure is Sntaperaly (a) 205 (b) -207 ¥ (ia cs) —> (©) -103 (@) 105 (oute) 92, 1mm’ ofa gas is compressed at | atmospheric pressure and temperature 27°C to 627°C. What is the final pressure under adiabatic condition? (y for the gas = 1.5) (a) 27 10° Nim? (b) 80 * 10° Nim* (©) 36 * 105 Nim? (@)_ 56 «10° Nim? (ouee) 93. The work of 146 kJ is performed in order to compress one kilo mole of a gas adiabatically and in this process the temperature of the gas increases by 7°C. The gas is (R= 8.3 Jmol! K) (@) diatomic (©) triatomic (©) a mixture of monoatomic and diatomic (d) monoatomic (UP CPMT) 12. leat Engines 2011 94, 200 cal of heat is given to a heat engine so that it rejects 150 cal of heat, if source temperature is 400 K, then the sink temperature is (a) 300K (b) 200K (c) 100K (4) SOK (QUE) 2009 95. What is the value of sink temperature when efficiency of engine is 100%? () OK —(b) 300K (c) 273K (d) 400K (QUE) 2008 96. ‘The sink temperature of a heat engine is 77°C. The efficiency is 30%. The source temperature is {a) 323°C (b) 123°C (e) 423°C (d) 227°C (OJEE) 12.1 2016 97. The temperature inside a refrigerator is ¢, °C and the room temperature is f, °C. The amount of heat delivered to the room for each joule of electrical energy consumed ideally will be Refrigerators and Heat Pumps _ t,+273 Plage (by + ® On tty © io 44273 (NET Phase-l) 2015 98. The coefficient of performance of a refrigerator is 5. If the temperature inside freezer is -20°C, the temperature of the surroundings to which it rejects heat is (@ 1c (b) 21°C © 3°c @ arc a) 2009 99. On opening the door of refrigerator, the room temperature (a) remains constant (b) decreases (©) increases (@) none of these (QJEE) 100. The freezer in a refrigerator is located at the top section so that (@) the entire chamber of the refrigerator is cooled quickly due to convection (b) the motor is not heated (©) the heat gained from the environment is high (4) the heat gained from the environment is low. (WB JEE) 12.11 : Second Law of Thermodynamics 2014 101. Assertion : It is not possible for a system, unaided by an external agency to transfer heat from a body at lower temperature to another body at a higher temperature. Reason : It is not possible to violate the second law of thermodynamics, (@) If both assertion and reason are true and reason is the correct explanation of assertion. () If both assertion and reason are true but reason is not the correct explanation of assertion, (©) [assertion is true but reason is false. (@) If both assertion and reason are false. (Als) 2008 129. If sink is at a temperature of -39°C and source at 0°C, then efficiency will be (a) 39.4% (b) 14.2% ©) 35.2% @) 45.5% (AFMC) __12.A:: Entropy 130. In a container, 200 gm of aluminum (sp. heat 900 J/kg K) at 100°C is mixed with 50 gm of water at 20°C, with the mixture thermally isolated. Find the entropy change of the aluminum-water system. @ 42.8 5K (b) -22.1 JK (c) +24.9 /K (d)_ None of these 2013 131. 1 mole of an ideal gas expands isothermally so that its pressure falls from 1.0 x 10° Pa to 0.5 x 10° Pa. The change in entropy of the gas is equal to (AMU (Med.)) @ 0 (b) 0.693 J/K (©) 5.76 VK (@)_none of these (AMU (Med.)) 2012 132.An ideal gas undergoes a reversible isothermal expansion from a state ‘to f. The change in entropy AS Gofris (b) >0 f@) 0 (@)_ not defined for the process (AMU (Med,)) ©) <0 133. Which of the following is a true statement ? (a) The total entropy of thermally interacting systems is conserved. (b) Carnot engine has 100% efficiency. (©) Total entropy does not change in a reversible process. (d) Total entropy in an irreversible process can either increase or decrease. (J & K CET) 2011 134, When 1 kg of ice at 0°C melts to water at 0°C, the resulting change in its entropy, taking latent heat of ice to be 80 cal/g, is (a) 273 cal/K (b) 8 = 10* cal/K (©) 80 ca/K (d) 293 cal/K —(AIPMT) 2009 135. When water is converted into ice, its entropy (@) increases (b) decreases (c) remains unchanged (d) first decreases and then increases, (OJEE) SIWNNATIONS 1. (d): The zeroth law of thermodynamics states that if two systems A and B are each in thermal equilibrium with a third system C, then A and B will be in thermal equilibrium with each other. 2. (b) 3. (@):AU=AQ-AW The internal energy is independent of path. 4. (a) : By first law of thermodynamics, dQ = dU + dW As dW=0 and dO<0, sodU<0 But for an ideal gas, U« 7; -. dT<0 Hence temperature of the gas decreases. 5, (b): Here, Heat absorbed, AQ = 2 kcal =2*10°*4.25=84003 ( Lcal=4.29) Work done, AV = 400 J From first law of thermodynamics, the change in internal energy is AU= AQ- AW=8400 J- 400 J=8 « 10°J=8kI 6. (d): According to first law of thermodynamics, 8Q = 8U + 5W Along the path ade ‘Change in internal energy, 8U, = 80, 6H, = 50J-205=30) Along the path abe ‘Change in internal energy, 5U = 8Q, ~ 8W, = 36 J- 5W, As change in internal energy is path independent, *. 8U,=8U, or 303= 365-8, or 57, = 63 7. (a) :Change in intemal energy is path independent ‘and depends only on the initial and final states. As the initial and final states in the three processes are same, therefore, AU, = AU; = AU; Workdone, 17 = Area under P-V graph ‘As area under curve I > area under curve 2> area under curve 3 W\>Wa> Ws According to first law of thermodynamics, Q=W+AaU As W, > W,> W, and AU, = AU; = AU; Q1>O,>0s 8. (a) 9. (©): Heat supplied to the gas, AQ = 1500 J Work done by the gas, "AV = (2.1 x 10° N m?)(2.5 x 107 m’) 25x 10°Nm=525J According to first law of thermodynamics, AQ=AW +AU AU=AQ -AW= 1500J-525J=975 (6): During an isothermal expansion, work has been Moe by ga8 = -150 J, $0 150 J of heat has been added tothe Gro Kep the temperature of gas same, 1. (6): The only quantity (Q — 1) which itself is the intemal energy of the system is independent of the path. {2. (@): According o first law of thermodynamics AQ-AU+AW or AU=AQ-AW 1c, 50 = 351, A= 155 Hee y= 35.) -(-153)= 505 £ swisnegative because work is done on the system. 13, (©): According to first law of thermodynamics, the mount of heat absorbed by a system is given by = dU + dW where dU is the change in internal energy fnd dis the work done. Given dQ = 2 kcal = 2000 * 4.2 J and dW’= 5003 2000*4,2= dU +500 or dU= 79005 \s no work is done, therefore dQ=dU + dW=nCydT jer =2x—* 2 (-1) 15. (a) In adiabatic process, no heat transfer takes place between gas and surrounding ie., AQ =0 AQ" mAT Again, for isothermal process, AT=0 c- 42 mAT ‘or the process at constant pressure 100 =300R From definition of specific heat, C= =0 i) (Using (i)) 17. (&): Theamount of best required at constant pressure is AQ=nCpAT -. Co=—= == As GG, nAT 235-30) 2 Cy=Cp-R=7-2=5Scal mol K™ The amount of heat required at constant volume is AQ = nCyAT = 2 x 5 x (35 - 30) = 50 cal Ss 18. (b): Fora diatomic gas, Cy = ze Cp At constant pressure, AQ = nCpAT and AU = nC, AT = n(n ar From first law of thermodynamics, 999-00
    (Area), > (Area); W,>W,>W; 58. (b): At constant pressure the work done by the gas to move the piston up is W= PAV = PA(IA) = PAAI = 400 x 10° «0.3 x 10x 107 = 121g 59. (a) : Ina cyclic process work done is equal to the area AQ=AW+AU For a cyclic process, AU = 0 AQ=AW= Wiy+ Wc + Weg or S=Mygt+0+2 or Wyg=3) GE % Work done = area under P-V curve From the graph, Wasa > Wiso under the cycle and is positive if the cycle is clockwise and © (€):{ Process Feature negative if anticlockwise. Isothermal | ‘Temperature constant + AW = ~ Area of rectangle ° gop c Isobaric Pressure constant ABCD =- PQY)=—2PY i 4 I Volume constant | According to first law of g —Adiabatic 40 thermodynamics iia Cyclic ay AQ=AU+AW 1 =a : But for a cyclic process, AU=0 ‘Volume—> 67. (d): The internal energy of an ideal gas is only AQ=AW dependent upon its temperature. 4 Le., heat supplied to the system is equal to the work done, From the graph, ' So heat absorbed, AQ = AW'=~2PV The ideal gas at same temperature at A Heat rejected by the gas = 2P/ and B. BC 60. (a): 61. () 62, (b): For an isothermal process, PY = constant Differentiating both sides, we get V+ Ve oe Pe PdV+VaP=0 of Fo=—— ap _P Thus, slope =< = -7 us, slope Fi 63. (b): Process B > C Sameera) Hence, Wye=0 Process C > A occurs at ‘constant process. Hence the work done in the process is Wea = PAV = (XV, -Ve)=(1) (4-2) =25 According to the first law of thermodynamics Vim?)| a ‘The internal energy at A and B are cat equal. or U,=Us 68. (6): A thermodynamic process in which volume remains constant is known as isochoric process. Y 69. (d): For an adiabatic process, —_ — constant prt Ai) Here, T= 27°C = 300K, 7,= 927°C = 1200 K, P.=2atm, y= 14 Substituting these values in eqn (i), we get 14 4-02 256 atm, + For an adiabatic process, change in entropy of the system is zero, ie, AS=0 71, (b): As internal energy is a state variable and final state coincides with the initial state in cyclic process, «AU=0 72. (a) 43. (@): Process AB is an isobaric expansion (Le, pressure remains constant). Hence temperature of gas will increase. “» Up—U,> an isothermal expansion ie., temperature remains constant. .. Ue—U,= process AD is an adiabatic expansion. Hence temperatur of gaswill fall. -. Up—U,<0 oe 44, (a) Here, T, = 27°C = 300K, P, = P, nee 8 Since, the gas is suddenly compressed, therefore adiabatic process. TY Foran aabatie process, T= constant yt aoa 8) ra f = (@)"=2.297 qT, o == 32M 131 K=-142°C 297 2.297 75. (b): An adiabatic process is a thermodynamic process in which the system is insulated from the surroundings and 10 heat flows between the system and the surroundings. In an adiabatic process, AQ = 0. 16. (a) : Let V be the original volume of the gas. For an isothermal process, PY = constant R P= PV; ot Vy -«(F} a y-r()-¥ 2p) 2 Foran adiabatic process, PV’ = constant According to question vr en(5) =pyt B 0.76 = - = 20277 = 202) 4 = 2. (0.38) =~ ‘or an adiabatic process, PV’ = constant Py! For a monoatomic gas, Y= 1. @ BH 2 3 ny? 5 ‘ nue =a (4) or BaP * (2°32, 78. (b): According to first law of thermodynamics Foe AO = AU aw Apebiwr ‘or an adiabati =0, a Dey ert 0. pas Tate AU will be negative, so internal energy decreases and hence emperature of the system decreases. For an adiabatic process, PY” = constant 79. (6) : Here V; = 400 ce, Py = 100 co, Y= Pi=P,P,=7 3 Sudden compression is an adiabatic process. For an adiabatic process, PYY= constant... RY;T = P, VI : 2 or Ran (h =( = Px? =32P A 100 80, (a) : Work done in an isothermal process waar!) y i Here, n= 1, T= 300K, V, = Vand ¥,=2V w=1xex300in(}-s00R m2 81. (a) : According to the given question PeT* or PT*= constant wai) For an adiabatic process; PTY = constant Gil) Comparing (i) and (ii), we get J -4 or y=444y ley 4 or 3y=4 of Y= 82. (a) 83. (b): In case of an ideal gas internal energy depends only upon the temperature of the gas. Therefore, if an ideal gas undergoes an isothermal process, there will be no change in its internal energy i.e. AU = 0; Then Q= W 84. (c) : This is a case of free expansion. There will be no change of temperature. 85. (d): Inthe graph, () curve OA represents isobaric process (pressure is constant) The slope of adiabatic process is more steeper than the isothermal process. Hence, (ii) curve OB represents isothermal process. ii) curve OC represents adiabatic process (steeper than OB). (iv) curve OD represents isochoric process (volume is constant). 86. (¢) :In an isothermal process, temperature remains constant. Therefore, the internal energy which is a function of temperature only, will remain constant during the isothermal process. 87. (a) ; Internal energy depends only on the initial and final states and not on the path. Ina cyclic process, as initial and final states are the same, therefore the change in internal ‘energy is zero. Here Bis AU, the change in internal energy. (©) : In a cyclic process work done is equal to the area tiie he eyes ad i pontve the eyeles elock wie and sees i aethockit Work done ding the exces W=~ wea of AABC =~ 1QV)3P) = -3PV 89. (b): Work done during an adiabatic change is y WRG) Y a, yt LGR eG Gy TG DDE aye, -15%y (@) : The total work done by the gas during the cycle is W= Area of AABC = be 2V x 3P=3PV 91. (e) Work done by the gas = Area of AABC = 4x (4B)(BC) 2 = C= (200-120)x1000 = 25080) 1000 _ 1g 2x10 ‘Work done by the cycle is taken to be negative if the cycle is anticlockwise. W=-105 2. ® ‘or an adiabatic process, P!- YT" = constant PL y= PL nyt P, ct i yr a (#) “G or (ay"- (2 y-@y 1 273+ 627 900. 7 1y* yos 3, w taro (()'a a= (=) =m 1 atm = 108 Nim’ ; s. P,= 27% 10° Nim? AQ=AU+ AW In a adiabatic process, AQ= 0 2 AU=-AW= As AU=nC,AT = 146 kd v= AT =1°C=7K) 1x10? x7 = 20.8 J mol! K" naT For diatomic gas, C, 8.3= 208 Jmol? K? 94, (a) : Here, Q, = 200 cal, Q, = 150 cal, 7, = OF Q 150 As Ae Th=2xT, = = Qh * Bg Xt x 400 = 300K 95. (a) : Efficiency of an engine is =1-72 where T; is the source temperature (higher) and 7, 4, sink temperature (lower). For n= I (i-e., 100%), either T, =o of T;=0K. a 10 Z 10 or 7, = 500-273 = 227°C 97. (b): Temperature inside refrigerator =f, °C Room temperature = f, °C For refrigerator, Heat given to high temperature (Q,)__ 7 Heat taken from lower temperature (Q;) 7; Q 44273, Q _ 4 +273 Qe => 7 Q, +273 Q-W |+273 _Y _G+IBW , 4~h Q +2730, | 4 +273 The amount of heat delivered to the room for each joule of electrical energy (W = 1 J) 4 +273 “hb 98. (c) : The coefficient of performance of a refrigerator is where T, and T, are the temperatures of hot and cold reservoirs (in kelvin) respectively. Here, a= 5, 7, =-20°C = -20 + 273 = 253 K T=? 253K “7-253 K or ST, ~5(253K)=253K or $7, =253 K+ 5(253 K) = 6(253 K) 6 or Fi =5(253K)~ 303.6 K = 303.6-273 = 30.6°C = 31°C 9% © 100. (a) 101. (a): The second law of thermodynamics can be explained with the help of example of a refrigerator. As W° know that in a refrigerator, the working substance extracts heat from colder body and rejects a large amount of heat 0 a hotter body with the help of an external agency i.e, the electric supply of the refrigerator. No refrigerator can ever work without external supply of electric energy to it 102. (a) 103. (0) : Efficiency of a heat engine, 1 =1— 2 i q Fort =| (ie. 100%) either 7; =o or 7,=9K As source at infinite temperature of sink at O K are not stainable, therefore heat engine cannot have efficiency 1 104.(©) : 10S. (a) : The elation between coefficient of performance and efficiency of Camot's engine is given as = 1-1 10 since, B= 2, where Q, is the amount of energy absorbed from the reservoir 0, = BW =9x 10 = 90) 106. (b) : Efficiency, 1 = | @73427) * 151" 0734127) piso n= Work done by engine _ ~ Heat supplied by source 40k W=40n =40x4 = 10kd 107, (d) : The efficiency of a Carnot engine is where 7, and T, are the temperatures (in kelvin) of the source and the sink respectively. 201 109. () : Given, T, = 4°C = 277K, T, = 30°C = 303 K = 600 cal per second Coefficient of performance, o:= - 27 an 303-277" 26 —_— Th = Also, a= ‘Work to be done per second = power required Q _ 26 =w- 2.26 a= 577 * 600 cal per second = 25 600% 42 J per second =236.5W ‘110. (4): If Q, is the energy input and Q, is the energy Tejected to the sink, then work done W=0,-0, Dividing by Q, on both sides, we get Bayh rr! As Q, = 3W (given) Here, 7, = $00 K, 7, = 300 K 1 300K _ 500 K-300K 500 K 500K = 200K 2 2, sc0% = 40% 500K 5 5 112. (a) : Efficiency of a Camot engine, n Here, 7, = 550K and T,=320K 320K _550K-320K _ 230K ASR = OR 0 8 OK eas 550K 550K 550K n= 7 a 113. (€) : Efficiency of a Camot engine, = 1-2 q where 7, and 7; are the temperatures of source and sink respectively. Here, = 70% = =0.7, T= 27°C =27 +273 = 300K 300 q 300 O7=1- or — =1-0,7=0: 7 1-0.7=03 or T= = K=1000K=727°C = LZ 114. (¢) : Efficiency of a Camot engine. = 1-7 where 7, is the temperature of source and 7; is the temperature of sink respectively. Tr For engine 4, n, = 1-7 i For engine B, ng = As per question, 1, = Np efi) According to second case T, -62 2 q “63 ‘q i) Equating equations (i) and (ii), we get 5_2, 62 5_2_ 62 Bigg Oi gg 52-52 637, 7 or 4 6 116. (b) : Here, Source temperature, 7, = 127°C = 127 + 273 = 400 K Sink temperature, T, = 27°C = 27 + 273 = 300 K Efficiency of a Camot engine 300100 _1 SO = 2 = = 0,25 = 25: i 400° 4007 4° ” 117. (d) : Efficiency of a Camot engine, q=l- where 7; and 7; are the temperatures of source and sink respectively. Inall four cases, 7, - T, = 200 K. Therefore, n is maximum when 7; is minimum. 118. (c) : Efficiency of the Camot engine, n= the sink. Here, 1 = 70%, T, = 1000 K, 7) 10 Tyas at On 30 300 ='~ tooo 1000 ~ 100 30 or 7, = 22 4 1000 = 300K 1 = mp 100 119. () 120. (c) : Here, 7, = 450 K, 7, = 225 K, Q, = 6503 ds Dey = Bg = ZR 6505-3255! t i OF 450K tL 121. (©) Efficiency of a Camot engine, N= 1-7 sy i 60 = 60% =— Here, 7) 100 T, = 127°C = 127 + 273 = 400K, 7, =? 06 -0.6=04 or T,= 160 K = 160-273 =~ 113°C 122. (d) : Efficiency of a Camot engine, 1=1-% Here, n = 25%, T, = 27°C = 300K qT 25,300. 300. 1. 300_3 25,300 GF 300_ (ee 10: i ge T,=400K= 127°C 123. (¢) : For Camot engine efficiency, 1) = =O, Coefficient of performance of a refrigerator 1 ey leo etal 10 n ~I0 Also a= 2 (where Wis the work done) or Q,=axW=9x10=90I 124. (a): For second heat engine, 0. Efficiency remains the same when both 7, and 7; at increased by same factor Therefore, the temperature of source and sink of second engine are 7'=27,, Tj = 27, 126. (¢) : Efficiency of a Camot engine, 1 where, 7, = temperature of source temperature of sink 27°C = 400 K, T, = 77°C = 350K 350_ 50 350 _ 50 199 = 12.59 00 7 400% 100 = 12.5% 127. (0): Here, ‘Temperature of a source, 7, = 127°C = 400 K ‘Temperature of a sink, 7 = 27°C = 300 K Work done per eycle, W’= 200 J i ‘Amount of heat absorbed from the source in each cycle, 21 rh i) Efficiency of a Camot’s engine = 1~ 7 7 i Ww i Also, n=— a t, q From equations (i) and (ii), we get 91-8 Qa qt substituting the given values, we get or 0,747 2005= 8005 128, (¢) : Here, temperature of source, T, = 227°C = 500 K Temperature of sink, T; = 127°C = 400 K Heat absorbed from the source, Q; = 6 « 10* cal Heat rejected to the sink Q, = ? 6x108 cal _ a 4 is or Qh = 5 x6x10 cal = 4.810" cal W=Q,~ Q; =6%10° cal~4,8%10* cal=1.2x10* cal 129. (b) : Efficiency, = 23-13-39) . 9 2 .142=14.2% 273 273 130. (a) : Here, ‘Mass of aluminum, m,, = 200 gm = 200 = 10° kg Mass of water, Myxter = 50 gm = 50 * 10° kg Specific heat of water, Sqajer = 4200 kg K Specific heat of aluminum, sq, = 900 J/kg K Let final temperature of the mixture be 7. Then, Heat lost by aluminum is Q, = 200 = 10°? x 900 = (100 ~ 7) Heat gained by water is Q, = 50 x 10°* x 4200 = (T- 20) According to principle of calorimetry, Heat lost = Heat gained % * QA 3 or 200 107 x 900 (100-7) = 50 10" « 4200 = (T-20) or 18(100 - T) = 21(T- 20) or 1800 187= 217-420 or 397=2220 or 7- B20 ~src=330K a somes | = (200 « 10° kg 900 J/kg K) In The entropy change of the water is 330K 5, =mae tear f T aK = (50 * 10 "22001 pee 293K ‘The total entropy change of the aluminum-water system is AS= AS, + AS, = ~ 22.1 JK + 24.9 JK = + 2.8 JK 131. (©) : Here, P; = 1.0 * 10° Pa, P, = 0.5 10° Pa, n= 1 and R=8.3J mol! K" ‘Change in entropy of the gas is asennin( 4) -r<4axto( 2212 ) BR 0.5x10° =83*In2=5.76)K" 132. (0) 133. (©) 134. (d) : Heat required to melt 1 kg ice at 0°C to water at 0°C is Q= mice Lice = (I kg) (80 cal/g) = (1000 g) (80 cal/g) = 8 * 10* cal Q _8x108 cal __ Change in entropy, AS = = To 135. (b) : Entropy is a measure of disorder. When water is converted into ice, disorder decreases, entropy decreases. } +249 9K 293 ca/K ©OO

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