Scribd
Upload
88 views

Biology Investigatory Project: Congenital Heart Disease

This project discusses congenital heart disease. It describes how congenital heart defects are present at birth and can affect the structure and function of the baby's heart. The project outlines nine common types of congenital heart defects, including patent ductus arteriosus, atrial septal defect, and ventricular septal defect. It lists some potential symptoms like cyanosis, shortness of breath, and fatigue. While there is no cure for congenital heart disease, the project explains that treatments may include surgery, cardiac catheterization, or medication to repair defects or help the heart function best.

Uploaded by

Draco Malfoy
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
88 views

Biology Investigatory Project: Congenital Heart Disease

This project discusses congenital heart disease. It describes how congenital heart defects are present at birth and can affect the structure and function of the baby's heart. The project outlines nine common types of congenital heart defects, including patent ductus arteriosus, atrial septal defect, and ventricular septal defect. It lists some potential symptoms like cyanosis, shortness of breath, and fatigue. While there is no cure for congenital heart disease, the project explains that treatments may include surgery, cardiac catheterization, or medication to repair defects or help the heart function best.

Uploaded by

Draco Malfoy
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 16

Biology Investigatory project

Congenital heart disease

- keertana.p
Class XI SCiENCE
Mahindra World School
Biology Project
Exam: XI-SCIENCE
Name: KEERTANA.P
Roll. No:
Year: 2021-2022
Class: XI
Date:
Subject: Biology
Code: 044
Biology Project
Submitted to:
The Central Board of Secondary Education
In partial fulfillment of the required for
XI-SCIENCE in Biology (2021-2022)
by
Student name: Keertana.P
Roll. No:
under the supervision and guidance of
Ms. Bindu K Taneja
Department of Biology

Mahindra World School


CERTIFICATE
Certified that this is a bonafide project work done by
Keertana.P, Roll No. of class XI,
Mahindra World School, Natham Post office,
Chengalpattu - 603004, during the academic year
2021-2022.

Date:
Place:

Internal Examiner
Acknowledgement

I, Keertana.P of class XI would like to express my greatest


gratitude to our Principal, Ms. Suganthi Medasani, and the people
who have helped and supported me throughout my project.

It is my humble pleasure to acknowledge my deep gratitude to my


biology faculty Ms. Bindu K Taneja, for all the support,
monitoring and constant encouragement, without her guidance this
project would not have come forth. Special thanks to Mr. Ashok
who helped me for my project throughout the year.

I want to thank my parents for their undivided support and interest


who inspired and encouraged me to go my own way without which
I would be unable to complete my project. A special thanks to all
my friends who appreciated me for my work and motivated me.

Last but not least, I would like to thank the almighty for giving me
strength, focus and constant determination in the successful
completion of my project.
INDEX

Sr. Contents Page


No. No.
1 Aim of the project 1
2 Synopsis of the project 2
3 Introduction 3
4 How it is caused 4
5 Different types 5-10
6 Symptoms 11
7 Cure 12
8 Bibliography 13

AIM: To study about congenital heart diseases and types of it


Synopsis of this project
This project tells us information about
congenital heart diseases . It also gives information about
different types of this disease
This project gives in detailed information on
various types of disease and symptoms .This projects
also discusses about cure for this disease .
What are Congenital Heart Defects (CHDs)?

CHDs are present at birth and can affect the structure of a


baby’s heart and the way it works. They can affect how blood
flows through the heart and out to the rest of the body. CHDs
can vary from mild (such as a small hole in the heart) to severe
(such as missing or poorly formed parts of the heart).

About 1 in 4 babies born with a heart defect has a critical


CHD (also known as critical congenital heart defect).1 Babies
with a critical CHD need surgery or other procedures in the
first year of life.

How it is caused?
Chromosomes defects: heart problems do occur
more often in families, so there may be a genetic link to
some heart defects.
Some heart problems are likely to occur if the mother
had a disease while pregnant and was taking medicines.
The mother having poorly controlled diabetes.
The mother smoking or drinking alcohol during
pregnancy

Types of heart congenital disease.

1. Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA).


This defect occurs when the normal closure of the ductus arteriosus, which is
present in all fetuses, does not occur. Extra blood goes from the aorta into the lungs and may
lead to "flooding" of the lungs, rapid breathing, and poor weight gain. PDA is often seen in
premature infants.
2.Atrial septal defect (ASD).
In this condition, there is a hole between the 2 upper chambers of the heart—the
right and left atria. This causes an abnormal blood flow through the heart.

3. Ventricular septal defect (VSD).


In this condition, a hole in the ventricular septum (a dividing wall between the 2
lower chambers of the heart— the right and left ventricles) occurs. Because of this opening,
blood from the left ventricle flows back into the right ventricle, due to higher pressure in the
left ventricle. This causes an extra volume of blood to be pumped into the lungs by the right
ventricle, which can create congestion in the lungs.

4.Atrioventricular canal (AVC or AV canal).


AVC is a heart problem that involves several abnormalities of structures inside
the heart. These include atrial septal defect, ventricular septal defect, and improperly formed
mitral and/or tricuspid valves.

5.Aortic valve stenosis


Aortic valve stenosis is a serious type of congenital heart defect.
In aortic valve stenosis, the aortic valve that controls the flow of blood out of the main
pumping chamber of the heart (the left ventricle) to the body's main artery (the aorta) is
narrowed. This affects the flow of oxygen-rich blood away from the heart, towards the rest of
the body, and may result in the left ventricle muscle thickening because the pump must work
harder.

6.Coarctation of the aorta


Coarctation of the aorta (CoA) is where the main artery (the aorta) has a narrowing, which
means that less blood can flow through it.
CoA can occur by itself or in combination with other types of heart defects – such as a
ventricular septal defect or a type of defect known as a patent ductus arteriosus.
The narrowing can be severe and will often require treatment shortly after birth.

7.Ebstein's anomaly

Ebstein's anomaly is a rare form of congenital heart disease, where the valve on the right side
of the heart (the tricuspid valve), which separates the right atrium and right ventricle, does not
develop properly. This means blood can flow the wrong way within the heart, and the right
ventricle may be smaller and less effective than normal.
Ebstein's anomaly can occur on its own, but it often occurs with an atrial septal defect.
8.Pulmonary valve stenosis

Pulmonary valve stenosis is a defect where the pulmonary valve, which controls the flow of
blood out of the right heart pumping chamber (the right ventricle) to the lungs, is narrower
than normal. This means the right heart pump must work harder to push blood through the
narrowed valve to get to the lungs.
9.Septal defects

A septal defect is where there is an abnormality in the wall (septum) between the main
chambers of the heart. The two main types of septal defect are outlined below.

Symptoms of Congenital heart diseases


Some types of congenital heart diseases may have no
symptoms, in other types symptoms may appear later in life.
Common symptoms include:
 Newborns may show poor feeding, poor growth, and low
birth weight
 Irregular heartbeat
 Cyanosis (bluish skin, lips, or nails)
 Digital clubbing (changes in nails)
 Shortness of breath
 Swelling of tissues or organs
 Becoming tired too quickly on exertion

Cure
Not everyone with a congenital heart defect (CHD) requires treatment.
Some people may only need to visit a cardiologist and stay under
observation. In other cases, surgery or a cardiac catheterization may
be needed to reduce the effects of the heart defect, or to repair the
defect. Even when a defect is treated in childhood, further conditions
may develop later, making additional medical treatment beneficial.
Many medical treatments are available to help the heart perform at its
best. Sometimes one child may have multiple conditions and each issue
may require medication for treatment.
There is no cure for congenital heart disease. Many people have
surgeries to repair their heart, however, they are not cured. There may
be long-term effects of heart surgery, such as abnormal heartbeats. A
cardiologist can often detect problems with your heart before you
notice any symptoms.

Bibliography: -
https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/congenital-
heart-disease/
https://www.webmd.com/heart-disease/types-
congenital-heart-defects

You might also like