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Lecture 6 Mechanical Resistance Exercises

1) Mechanical resistance exercises are commonly used in rehabilitation programs to improve muscle strength and functional abilities. 2) They provide quantifiable resistance beyond what therapists can manually apply. However, they are not appropriate for very weak muscles and may not accommodate painful ranges of motion. 3) Resistance training guidelines vary based on age. For children, low-intensity body weight exercises are emphasized, while for adults a full-body routine incorporating warming is recommended. For older adults, the focus is on functional exercises and safety.

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Mohammed Badie
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364 views

Lecture 6 Mechanical Resistance Exercises

1) Mechanical resistance exercises are commonly used in rehabilitation programs to improve muscle strength and functional abilities. 2) They provide quantifiable resistance beyond what therapists can manually apply. However, they are not appropriate for very weak muscles and may not accommodate painful ranges of motion. 3) Resistance training guidelines vary based on age. For children, low-intensity body weight exercises are emphasized, while for adults a full-body routine incorporating warming is recommended. For older adults, the focus is on functional exercises and safety.

Uploaded by

Mohammed Badie
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Mechanical Resistance

exercises
By Prof. Dr. Ghada Elrefaye
Objectives
• By the end of the lecture the students should be able
to:
1- Define Mechanical resistance exercise.
2- understand how to use Mechanical resistance exercise
is commonly implemented in rehabilitation programs .
3- Know Advantages and disadvantages of mechanical
resistance exercise.
4- Describe how to use resistance Training exercise in
children , adult and elderly.
5- Describe parameters of using resistance Training
exercise .
Active resisted exercise

• It is any form of active exercise in


which dynamic or static muscle
contraction is resisted by an
outside force.
• The external force may be
applied manually or mechanically.
Types of resistance exercise
• Resistance can be dynamic or static
muscle contractions.
• resistance exercises can be carried out
either:
• 1) isotonic (concentric or eccentric),
isokinetic and isometric exercises.

• 2)Manual or mechanical.
1) Isotonic resistance exercise
• It is dynamic form of exercise that is
carried out against constant or variable
load as a muscle lengthens or shortens
through the available range of motion.
• or involving muscular contraction against
resistance in which the length of the
muscle changes.
• It could be eccentric or concentric
2 Isokinetic exercise

• It is form of dynamic exercise


in which the velocity of muscle
shorting or lengthening is
controlled by a rate limiting
device that controls the speed
of movement of a body part.
3- isometric resistance exercise

• It is a static form of exercise that


occurs when a muscle contracts
without change in the length of
the muscle or without visible joint
motion.
Manual resistance exercise
• Is a type of active resistive exercise in
which resistance is provided by
therapist or other health
professional.
• A patient can be taught how to apply
self resistance to selected muscle
group.
• Mechanical resistance exercise is any
form of exercise in which resistance
(the exercise load) is applied by means
of some type of exercise equipment.

• Frequently used terms that denote the


use of mechanical resistance are
resistance training, weight training,
and strength training.
Mechanical resistance exercise is
commonly implemented in
rehabilitation programs to:
• 1- Eliminate or reduce deficits in
muscular strength, power, and
endurance caused by an pathological
conditions and
• 2- to restore or improve functional
abilities.
Advantages

practical quantitative objective

Intermediate Exercise
and advanced loading for motivation
phases of athletes
rehab

Dynamic Variable
and variation resistance
static through range
Advantages of mechanical resistance
exercises
1- Establish a quantitative ,objective baseline
measurement of muscle performance

2- Most appropriate during intermediate and


advanced phases of rehabilitation when muscle
strength is 4/5 or greater or when the strength of the
patient exceeds the therapist’s strength.
3- Provides exercise loads far beyond that which can
be applied manually by a therapist to induce a
training effect for already strong muscle groups.
4- Providers quantitative documentation of
incrémental increases in the amount of
resistance (source of motivation).
5- Useful for improving dynamic or static
muscular strength.
6- Adds variety to a resistance training
program.
7- Practical for high-repetition training to
improve muscular endurance.
8- Some equipment provides variable
resistance through the ROM ( Isokinetic).
Dis advantages
1- Not appropriate when muscles are very
weak or soft tissues are in the very early
stages of healing
2- Equipment that provides constant external
resistance maximally loads the muscle at only
one point in the ROM.
3- No accommodation for a painful arc
4- Expense for purchase and maintenance of
equipment.
Application in conditioning
programs
• In rehabilitation
Programs------ resistance training

Complements - •aerobic training


flexibility exercises
and -----
in conditioning and fitness programs.
Children and Resistance Training
• Use of body weight as a source of
resistance and

• Equipment specifically designed


to fit a child contributes to
program safety
For children < 6 to 7 years of age
1- No formal resistance training;
2- age-appropriate physical activity
through organized and free play
(play ground activities).
Play ground activities
At age 6 to 7 years
1- Introduce the concept of an exercise
session;

2- Encourage 60 or more minutes of low-


intensity physical activity daily or at least 3 to
4 days per week;

3- Focus on aerobic activities.


> 6 years to puberty

Low Aerobic
intensity ex

Wt. bearing Wt training Multi


with
ex.
supervision
joint

Increase
Proper fitting
concentric repetitions
not weight equipment
4- Include weight-
bearing exercises,

-such as push-ups
and
-jumping activities for
bone strengthening
- 3 days per week.
5- When introducing weight-
training in the pre puberty
years:
Maintain close and continuous
supervision by trained
personnel or a parent who has
received instruction.
6- Emphasize low-intensity exercise
throughout childhood to avoid
potential injury to a child’s growing
skeletal system and to joints and
supportive soft tissues.
7- Emphasize multi-joint, combined
movements.
8- Avoid or limit the use of vigorous
resistance exercises.
9- Initially progress resistance
training by increasing repetitions,
not resistance, or by increasing the
total number of exercises. Later,
increase weight by no more than
5% at a time.
10- Use properly fitting
equipment that is designed or can
be adapted for a child’s size
.
Resistance Training in
Conditioning Programs for
Healthy Adults <50–60
years old
• warm-up
• A program of gradually increasing activi
ty to raise muscle temperature and hear
t rate in preparation for more
strenuous exercise.
Cool Down a period of low
impact or slower exercise following
a more intense workout to allow the body
to gradually return to its
normal physiological level.
1- warm up exercises, then flexibility
training
2- dynamic exercises through the full,
available, and pain-free ROM and target
the major muscle groups of the body for
total body fitness
3- Balance flexion-dominant (pulling)
exercises with extension-dominant
(pushing) exercises.
4- Include both concentric (lifting) and
eccentric (lowering) muscle actions.
• 1RM stands for One Repetition
Maximum. It is the maximum
amount of weight that one can
lift for a given exercise
Older Adults and Resistance Training

• A major goal of resistance training in


older adults is
1- to maintain or improve their levels of
functional independence and
2- reduce the risk of age-related diseases.
3- improve balance, speed of walking, and
the ability to rise from a chair and
4- minimize the incidence of falls.
Guidelines for resistance training
for old adults (>65 years)
1- Secure approval to initiate exercise from
the participant’s physician.
2- Institute close supervision during the
early phase of training to ensure safety.
3- Monitor vital signs (H.R-B.P-R.R),
particularly when the program is progressed.
4- Perform at least 5 to 10 minutes of warm-
up activities before each session of
resistance exercises.
5- Avoid high-load resistance exercises to
reduce excessive stresses on joints.
6- Avoid flexion-dominant resistance training that
could emphasize postural changes.
7- use weight machines that allow the participant
to perform exercises in a seated position to avoid
loss of balance.
8- Include low-impact weight-bearing exercises
(squats, step-ups/step downs) against the
resistance of body weight.
• Resistance training should be coupled
with aerobic training ,flexibility exercises,
and balance activities.
THANK YOU

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