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Biology Investigatory Project

Brain tumors can be cancerous (malignant) or noncancerous (benign). Primary brain tumors originate in the brain, while secondary brain tumors spread from other parts of the body to the brain. Symptoms depend on the location and size of the tumor and can include headaches, vomiting, blurred vision, and seizures. Treatment may involve surgery to remove the tumor, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy. Diagnosis involves physical exams, CT scans, MRI scans, skull x-rays, and biopsies of the tumor tissue.

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5K views14 pages

Biology Investigatory Project

Brain tumors can be cancerous (malignant) or noncancerous (benign). Primary brain tumors originate in the brain, while secondary brain tumors spread from other parts of the body to the brain. Symptoms depend on the location and size of the tumor and can include headaches, vomiting, blurred vision, and seizures. Treatment may involve surgery to remove the tumor, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy. Diagnosis involves physical exams, CT scans, MRI scans, skull x-rays, and biopsies of the tumor tissue.

Uploaded by

zahir khan
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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BIOLOgy

INVESTIGATORY
PROJECt
TOPIC : CANCER- BRAIN TUMOR
Certificate
This is to certify that the following project on Cancer-
brain tumor has been successfully submitted by SHIPRA
DWIVEDI of class XII B during the academic year 2021-22.

Hall ticket number:

Internal examiner external examiner

Date Institution’s stamp

Acknowledgement
I take this opportunity to express my
profound gratitude and deep regards to my
Biology teacher ,Mrs.Dr.Srilatha Mam for
her exemplary guidance, monitoring and
constant encouragement throughout the
course of this project.
I also take this opportunity to express a deep
sense of gratitude to,Mrs.Jyoti Aparna Mam,
Principal of Bhartiya vidya Bhavans for her
cordial support, information and guidance,
which helped in completing this task through
various stages.
Remarkably,I would also like to express my
hearty gratitude to the friends ,who guided
me throughout the completion of this project.
Introduction
 A brain tumor is a collection, or mass, of
abnormal cells in your brain. Your skull, which
encloses your brain, is very rigid. Any growth
inside such a restricted space can cause

problems. Brain tumors can be cancerous


(malignant) or noncancerous (benign). When

benign or malignant tumors grow, they can

cause the pressure inside your skull to increase.

This can cause brain damage, and it can be life-


threatening.
Types:
• Brain tumors are categorized as primary or
secondary. 
• A primary brain tumor originates in your brain.
Many primary brain tumors are benign
• A secondary brain tumor, also known as a
metastatic brain tumor, occurs when cancer cells
spread to your brain from another organ, such as
your lung or breast.
• Secondary malignant tumors:
Secondary brain tumors make up the majority of
brain cancers. They start in one part of the body
and spread, or metastasize, to the brain. The
following can metastasize to the brain:
• lung cancer
• breast cancer
• kidney cancer
• skin cancer
primary malignant tumors:
Primary brain tumors originate in your brain.
They can develop from your brain cells. the
membranes that surround your brain, which are
called meninges
nerve cells
glands
Primary tumors can be benign or malignant.
symptoms
• It depend on the location and size of the tumor.
Some tumors cause direct damage by invading
brain tissue and some tumors cause pressure on
the surrounding brain. 
• Headaches are a common symptom of a brain
tumor.
• vomiting ,blurred vision or double vision
• Confusion ,seizures (especially in adults)
• weakness of a limb or part of the face
• a change in mental functioning

treatment
• The treatment of a brain tumor depends on:
• the type , size, location of tumor
• your general health
• The most common treatment for malignant
brain tumors - surgery. The goal is to remove as
much of the cancer as possible without causing
damage to the healthy parts of the brain.
• Surgery can be combined with other
treatments, such radiation therapy and
chemotherapy

Diagnosis;
• 1. PHYSICAL EXAM
ophthalmoscope, which is an instrument that shines a light
through your pupils and onto your retinas to check if there’s
any swelling of the optic nerve. When pressure increases
inside the skull, changes in the optic nerve can occur.

• CT- SCAN
 in CT scan of the head by using a special dye that helps
doctors see some structures, like blood vessels, more
clearly.
• Mri scan
IN MRI, a special dye can be used to help your
doctor detect tumors. An MRI is different from a CT
scan because it doesn’t use radiation, and it generally
provides much more detailed pictures of the
structures of the brain itself.
• Skull X-rays
Brain tumors can cause breaks or fractures in the
bones of the skull, and specific X-rays can show if
this has occurred. These X-rays can also pick up
calcium deposits, which are sometimes contained
within a tumor. Calcium deposits may be in your
bloodstream if your cancer has moved to your bones.
• Biopsy

A small piece of the tumor is obtained during


a biopsy. A specialist called a neuropathologist
will examine it. The biopsy will identify if the
tumor cells are benign or malignant.
Questionnaire:
q.1.What is a brain tumour? mention the types?
A cancerous or non-cancerous mass or growth of
abnormal cells in the brain.
Tumours can start in the brain, or cancer elsewhere
in the body can spread to the brain.
Symptoms include new or increasingly strong
headaches, blurred vision, loss of balance, confusion
and seizures. In some cases, there may be no
symptoms
Types- malignant and benign.
q.2. Which is the most dangerous type of brain
cancer?

• Glioblastoma multiforme (also known as


GBM) is the deadliest of all (primary) brain
cancers and is widely regarded as incurable and
universally fatal, killing 95% of patients within
five years of diagnosis.
Q.3.Write different ways of treating brain tumor?
Radiation therapy :Radiation therapy uses high-
energy beams, such as X-rays or protons, to kill
tumor cells.
Surgery
Chemotherapy uses drugs to kill tumor cells.
Chemotherapy drugs can be taken orally in pill
form or injected into a vein.
Bibliography
• CLASS 12 NCERT TEXTBOOK
• Chapter- Human diseases
• Wikipedia
• Google
• www.mayoclinic.org
• all in one -arihant publication

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