1. EXPOSURE TIME (MIN) = 4.

IQI:
1
𝐓𝐇𝐈𝐂𝐊𝐍𝐄𝐒𝐒
 For 1", 2”,..35 " DWDI only on IQI source side
𝐒𝐅𝐃² (𝐈𝐧)𝐱 𝐅𝐅 𝐱 𝟐 𝐇𝐕𝐋 𝐱 𝟔𝟎 shall be used
𝑹𝑯𝑴 𝒙 𝐂𝐈 𝐱 𝟒𝟎²  For panoramic technique at least four IQIs
source side shall be used, and spaced equally
 FILM FACTOR (FF):
around the circumference
 FILM FACTOR (FF) FOR KODAK AA400 = 1.3
 FILM FACTOR (FF) FOR KODAK FOR MX = 3  For more than 5"(the length of the film to be
interpreted ) two IQIs shall be used one at one
 THICKNESS: inch from the end of the film end and one at the
 FOR DWSI OR DWDI, THICKNESS WILL BE
center of the film length to be interpreted.
= THICKNES x 2 + 3
 FOR PANAROMIC OR PLATE, THICKNESS Note: the IQIs mention above means the require
WILL BE= THICKNESS + 2 wire to be visible.
 For 5" (the length of the film to be interpreted)
 SOURCE TO FILM DISTANCE (SFD): or less, one IQI at the center shall be used.
 SFD FOR 6" = 6" ,
5. Number Belt:
 SFD FOR 2" = 16",
 SFD FOR 30" = 15" For pipe size more than 3.5 inches up to 8
inches, I inch spacing shall be used.
 HVL FOR CARBON STEEL IR-192 = 13MM
 RHM = 0.48 5.
6.
2 𝑅𝐻𝑀 𝑋 𝐴𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑖𝑡𝑦(𝐶𝑖)
2. SAFE DISTANCE (D) = √
𝐼𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝑅/ℎ

2 0.48 𝑋 𝐴𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑖𝑡𝑦(𝐶𝑖)
SAFE DISTANCE (D) = √ 0.00075 𝑅/ℎ

𝐟𝐗𝐭
3. GEOMETRY UNSHARPNESS (Ug) =
𝐝

𝐟𝐗𝐛
f = sourceUgor=focal spot size. (For Ir-192 = 0.113")
d = distance from𝐚 x-ray source to front surface of material/object
t = distance from the front surface of the object to the film
1- FOR 30 INCHES PIPE: B\ Geometrical Unsharpness (UG) =
𝑭𝒅 0.113 𝑥 0.5 0.0575
= = = 0.010"
𝑫 6−0.5 5.5

3 × 62 ×22.18 ×60
C\ EXPOSURE TIME =
𝐶𝑖 ×0.48 × 402

3- FOR 2 INCHES PIPE:

A\ SAFE DISTANCE CALCULATIION:

2 0.48 𝑋 𝐴𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑖𝑡𝑦(𝐶𝑖)
Safe distance (D) = √
0.00075 𝑅/ℎ

B\ Geometrical Unsharpness (UG) =

𝑭𝒅 0.113 𝑥 0.375
= = 0.0029"
𝑫 14.625

1.2 × 152 ×20.89 ×60

C\ EXPOSURE TIME= A\ SAFE DISTANCE CALCULATIION:
𝐶𝑖 ×0.48 × 402

2 0.48 𝑋 𝐴𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑖𝑡𝑦(𝐶𝑖)
Safe distance (D) = √
2- FOR 6 INCHES PIPE: 0.00075 𝑅/ℎ

B\ Geometrical Unsharpness (UG) =

𝑭𝒅 0.113 𝑥 2 0.23
= = = 0.0161"
𝑫 16−2 14

3 × 162 ×21.1 ×60

C\ EXPOSURE TIME =
𝐶𝑖 ×0.48 × 402

A\ SAFE DISTANCE CALCULATIION:

MUHANAD H ABDALLAH
2 0.48 𝑋 𝐴𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑖𝑡𝑦(𝐶𝑖)
Safe distance (D) = √
0.00075 𝑅/ℎ NDT LEVEL III