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Week 4

The document outlines the major stages of regional integration in the Caribbean, including: (1) The West Indies Federation from 1958-1962 which collapsed after Jamaica withdrew; (2) The Caribbean Free Trade Association (CARIFTA) from 1968-1973 which aimed to unite member economies and representation; (3) The Caribbean Community (CARICOM) established in 1973 which continues to promote economic integration and cooperation among its members. Later stages include the Organization of Eastern Caribbean States (OECS), Association of Caribbean States (ACS), and the CARICOM Single Market and Economy (CSME).

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elton adams
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52 views

Week 4

The document outlines the major stages of regional integration in the Caribbean, including: (1) The West Indies Federation from 1958-1962 which collapsed after Jamaica withdrew; (2) The Caribbean Free Trade Association (CARIFTA) from 1968-1973 which aimed to unite member economies and representation; (3) The Caribbean Community (CARICOM) established in 1973 which continues to promote economic integration and cooperation among its members. Later stages include the Organization of Eastern Caribbean States (OECS), Association of Caribbean States (ACS), and the CARICOM Single Market and Economy (CSME).

Uploaded by

elton adams
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Week 4.

Regional Integration
The Major Stages in the Integration Movement
(a) Stages
(i) West Indies Federation.
(ii) Caribbean Free Trade Association (CARIFTA).
(iii) Caribbean Community (CARICOM).
(iv) Organization of Eastern Caribbean States (OECS)
(v) Association of Caribbean States (ACS)
(vi) The CARICOM Single Market and Economy (CSME).

(b) Membership
(i) West Indies Federation (1958 – 1962)
(ii) CARIFTA (1968 – 1973)
(iii) CARICOM (1973)
(iv) OECS (1981)
(v) ACS (1995)
(vi) CSME

West Indies Federation


The West Indies Federation was an attempt at political union amongst a group of British colonies
whose aim was to seek independence from Britain as a single state. It was established by the
British Caribbean Federation Act of 1956 and when it was formed in 1958 it comprised the
following states:
 Antigua and Barbuda
 Barbados
 Dominica
 Jamaica
 Grenada
 St. Kitts – Nevis – Anguilla
 Montserrat
 St. Lucia
 St. Vincent and the Grenadines
 Trinidad and Tobago
A federal government was established and there were moves towards centralized planning and
taxation. Jamaica held a referendum on membership in 1961, the results of which were
overwhelming in favour of withdrawal. Jamaica left and the federation collapsed in January
1962.

Referendum refers to:


- A direct and universal vote in which an entire electorate is invited to vote on a particular
proposal and can have nationwide or local forms.

Caribbean Free Trade Association (CARIFTA)


The CARIFTA was founded in 1965 with the signing of the Dickenson Bay Agreement. Original
members were:
 Antigua and Barbuda
 Barbados
 Guyana
 Trinidad and Tobago
Dominica, Grenada, St. Kitts – Nevis – Anguilla, St. Lucia and St. Vincent and the Grenadines
joined in July 1968, Montserrat and Jamaica in August of that year and by Belize (the British
Honduras) in 1971.
CARIFTA was established to unite the economics of these countries and to give them a more
powerful, joint international presence.
CARIFTA became the Caribbean Community (CARICOM) in 1973.

CARICOM
CARICOM members are:
 Montserrat
 Dominica
 St. Vincent and the Grenadines
 Antigua and Barbuda
 Grenada
 St. Lucia
 Belize
 The Bahamas
 Barbados
 Guyana
 Suriname
 Jamaica
 Trinidad and Tobago
 Haiti
Associate members are: Anguilla (1999), Bermuda (2003), British Virgin Islands (1991),
Cayman Islands (2002), Turks and Caicos Islands (1991).
CARICOM promotes economic integration and functional cooperation among its members.

Organization of Eastern Caribbean States (OECS)


OECS is a grouping of LDC’s of the Commonwealth Caribbean. It was established in1981,
following the signing of the Treaty of Basseterre in the previous year.
The British Virgin Islands joined the organization in 1984 and Anguilla joined in 1995.

Association of Caribbean States (ACS)


The convention establishing ACS was signed on 24th July, 1994 in Cartagena de India’s,
Columbia and brought together a number of Caribbean and Latin American states. The main
objectives of ACS concern strengthening the processes of regional cooperation and integration
and promoting sustainable development across the Greater Caribbean.
Associate member states include Aruba, France (on behalf of French Guiana, Guadeloupe and
Martinique), Netherlands Antilles, and Turks and Caicos Islands.

CARICOM Single Market and Economy (CSME)


The CARICOM Treaty was revised in2002 with the intention of establishing a single market
and economy. The resulting CSME is an arrangement that establishes a single large market
among the participating member states.
The organization is in part a response to the challenges and opportunities of globalization and
trade liberalization. Part of the trade liberalization is the removal of protectionist policies that
restricted trade through the imposition of tariffs and the application of quotas.

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