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Cryptographic Algorithm For Enhancing Data Security: A Theoretical

Approach

Research Proposal · March 2021

DOI: 10.13140/RG.2.2.34062.48964

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Published by : International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT)
http://www.ijert.org ISSN: 2278-0181
Vol. 10 Issue 03, March-2021

Cryptographic Algorithm For Enhancing Data

Security: A Theoretical Approach
Tushar1, Aniket Sharma2, Ankit Mishra 3
Department of Computer Science, Amity University Chhattisgarh
Department of Computer Science, Amity University Chhattisgarh
Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering , Amity University Chhattisgarh

Abstract: The quick progress of this technology becomes

vital in upcoming years. Any type of data present in cloud is
confidential for individual and this can be hacked by attackers
while sharing it with the intended recipient.The demand for
veracity, privacy, fortification, solitude and procedures
required for handling is increased. This paper discussed
brief about cryptographic methods and a new cryptographic
Algorithm method for securing the data for Enhancing Data
Security that can be used to secure applications on cloud
computing

Keywords:- Cryptography,Symmetric key , 2’s Compliment

encryption, Data Security, Encryption, Decryption

I. INTRODUCTION
The Greek meaning of Cryptography is Secret Writing. Data
Security is one of the major concerns in today's world.
Cryptography is a method to fulfill the confidentiality of
data. Cryptography provides the privacy of data for an
Fig. 2 Cryptography Characteristics
individual or organization by converting the original data to
a readable ununderstandable format for an unauthorized (B). TYPES OF CRYPTOGRAPHY
person and converting back to original data for the Cryptography is a method that is linked to convert plain text
authorized individual[1]. Cryptography Technique into cipher text i.e called encryption and convert back to
translates the plain text to another format, which is called plain text i.e know as decryption. Various type of encryption
cipher Text with an Encryption Key and can also Convert and decryption are available but the most commonly used
cipher text back to plain text with the same or different algorithms for cryptography are
encryption key based on the technique used to encrypt the (C). SYMMETRIC KEY CRYPTOGRAPHY
data. In this Cryptographic approach, a single key is used to
encrypt and decrypt the data. The key must be known to both
the clients to read/write the data. There are different methods
of Symmetric key Algorithm like DES, 3DES, AES, and
more.

Fig. 1 Cryptography Process

(A). CHARACTERISTICS OF CRYPTOGRAPHY

• Data Security – Secures the plain text
• Data Breaches – Protects from the release of
confidential information to the environment
• Authentication and Authorization – Allow only Fig. 3 Symmetric Cryptography
the authentic individual to read/write the data

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(D). ASYMMETRIC KEY CRYPTOGRAPHY 6. Dr. Prerna Mahajan et al. proposed “A Study of
In this Cryptography approach, there are two different keys Encryption Algorithm AES, DES, and RSA for
to encrypt and decrypt the data. The key used to encrypt the Security,” Authors reviewed three encryption
data is called Public Key and the second key is used to techniques like AES, DES, and RSA mentioned the
decrypt the data called the Private key. Both keys are comparison results of the effectiveness of each
different from each other. Private Key is only available to algorithm.[7]
the receiver.
III. SYMMETRIC APPROACH
Symmetric Key Encryption takes less execution time and is
always easy to implement in real-life applications, yet their
drawback is that both clients need to move their key’s
security[8]. This approach highlights improving the standard
method of encryption by using the Substitution technique[4].
In this proposed algorithm, the first single character is
converted into its respective ASCII code value, and further
encryption continues.

IV. PROPOSED SYMMETRIC KEY

ALGORITHM
Fig. 4 Asymmetric Cryptography
• Encryption Algorithm
II. LITERATURE REVIEW
Step 1: Convert a Single Character to its ASCII value.
1. Reema Gupta proposed “Efficient Encryption Step 2: Add a key as 100, add it to the character’s ASCII
Techniques in cryptography Better Security value and store it in a variable.
Enhancement.” The paper promotes the encryption Step 3: Generate the Binary value from the variable got in
technique and reviewed their restrictions and Step 2.
approach. Also, talked about the transpositional Step 4: Make the Binary Number of 8 digits by adding 0 on
approach like Simple columnar, simple row, Route the number’s left side.
Cipher transposition.[2] Step 5: Reverse the Binary got from Step 4.
2. Ayushi proposed “A Symmetric Key Step 6: Split Binary numbers in two equal parts as element-
Cryptographic Algorithm.”; She had introduced 1 and element-2.
two primary types of cryptography, Symmetric Step 7: Find the 2’s Compliment for both equal parts and
Key and Asymmetric Key technique. She also store them in complementElement-1 and
proposed a fast symmetric cryptography algorithm. complementElement-2, respectively.
She used keys as greater or equal to 1000 and Step 8: Concatenate complementElement-2 with
converted the plain text to cipher text using some complementElement-1
binary and mathematical calculations.[3] Step 9: Find the 2’s Compliment of the Binary got in Step 8
3. Ekta Agarwal et al. had proposed “A Secure and Step 10: Generate the Hexadecimal value of the Binary got
Fast Approach for Encryption and Decryption of in Step 9.
Message Communication”; the Authors had Step 11: Formate the Hexadecimal value got from Step 10 to
discussed Cryptography architecture, performance, have a minimum of eight-digit if already the code is not of a
and more. They had compared the symmetric minimum of eight-digit and return that as a CipherText.
technique of Ayushi[3] with their proposed Example:-
algorithm and found their algorithm much Let us take a Single Character, “C” Now, we will get the
faster.[4] following steps according to my proposed algorithm.
4. Abhishek Joshi and their co-author proposed “An
Efficient Cryptographic Scheme for Text Message Step 1: ASCII of “C” is 67.
Protection against Brute Force and Cryplanalytic Step 2: Adding 100 as a key to ASCII of “C” in
Attacks,” The paper describes the cryptographic s1=100+67=167
scheme and protection from Brute Force attacks. Step 3: Now we got the Binary of 167 as 10100111
The author shows that this technique can be used Step 4: Binary in Step 3 is already of 8 digits to continue
for significant applications.[5] with Binary we have in Step 3 as 10100111.
5. Suyash Verma et al. proposed “An efficient Step 5: Now, the reverse of the Binary we have in Step 4 will
Developed New Symmetric Key Cryptography be 11100101.
Algorithm for Information Security.” The proposed Step 6: Now, we have to split the Binary from Step 5 into
new block cipher technique is faster than the equal halves as element-1: 1110 and element-2: 0101.
existing mechanism. They concluded the result by Step 7: Now, 2’s Compliment of each element got in step 6
calculating with different plain text in the same respectively will be complementElement-1: 0010 and
key(DPSK) mode.[6] complementElement-2: 1011.

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Step 8: Next, we have to Concatenate complementElement- Example:-

2 with complementElement-1 that will be 10110010. Now, Let us take CipherText as “000f4696”. Now
Step 9: Further, 2’s Complement of Binary got in Step 8 will according to the proposed decryption algorithm, we will get
be 01001110. the following steps.
Step 10: Finally, the Binary received from Step 9 in
hexadecimal will be f4696. Step 1: Converting CipherText to Binary, we would get
Step 11: Formating the Hexadecimal code got from Step 10 1001110.
to a minimum of eight-digit as 000f4696. Step 2: After Formating Binary Number from Step 1 to 8
digit, we will get 01001110.
Step 3: 2’s Complement of Binary got in Step 2 will be
10110010.
Step 4: Now, we have to split the Binary from Step 4 into
equal halves as element-1: 1011 and element-2: 0010.
Step 5: Now, 2’s Compliment of each element got in step 4
respectively will be complementElement-1: 0101 and
complementElement-2: 1110.
Step 6: Next, we have to Concatenate complementElement-
2 with complementElement-1 that will be 11100101.
Step 7: Now, the reverse of the Binary we have in Step 6 will
be 10100111.
Step 8: ASCII of the Binary got from Step 7 will be 167.
Step 9: After Subtracting the key (100) from the value
received in Step 8, we get 67 (167-100).
Step 10: The character Value of the ASCII we get from Step
9 will be “C,” which is the Plain Text

Figure 5 shows the architecture of the proposed encryption

Algorithm

• Decryption Algorithm
Step 1: Convert CipherText to Binary.
Step 2: Format the Binary to 8 digits by adding 0 on the left
side of the Binary is not already formatted.
Step 3: Find 2’s Compliment of the Binary got in Step 1.
Step 4: Split the Binary got in Step 2 into two halves as
element-1 and element-2.
Step 5: Find the 2’s Compliment for both equal parts and
store them in complementElement-1 and
complementElement-2, respectively.
Step 6: Concatenate complementElement-2 with
complementElement-1 Fig 6: Shows the architecture of the proposed decryption
Step 7: Reverse the Binary got from Step 5. Algorithm
Step 8: Find the ASCII value of the Binary got from Step 6.
Step 9: Subtract the Key 100 from the ASCII got in Step V. EXPERIMENTAL ANALYSIS
7.Step 10: Convert and return the ASCII value from Step 8 For experimental analysis, the proposed algorithm with the
to its respective Character value as Single Character. symmetric key is codded in Python 3.8.5. The i7

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preprocessor(2.6GHz Intel processor with 12MB cache VII. REFERENCES

memory) and 8GB RAM(DDR4 2933 Mhz). A single [1] Neha Sharma, Prabhjot and Er. Harpreet Kaur, “A Review of
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Figure 7. Encryption Output
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