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CAM Assignment - Prabodh Deka-X03019

The cooperative dairy movement in Gujarat began in the 1940s when the British government wanted to improve milk quality in Bombay City. A scheme called BMCMSS procured milk from Kaira district and sold it in Bombay, but farmers were exploited by contractors. On the advice of Sardar Vallabhai Patel, farmers started organizing dairy cooperatives, leading to the formation of AMUL. The cooperative movement removed middlemen and linked farmers to district cooperatives, generating income and employment while giving farmers access to services. By the late 1990s, 18 districts were covered by cooperative unions managed by GCMMF, efficiently processing and marketing milk.

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53 views

CAM Assignment - Prabodh Deka-X03019

The cooperative dairy movement in Gujarat began in the 1940s when the British government wanted to improve milk quality in Bombay City. A scheme called BMCMSS procured milk from Kaira district and sold it in Bombay, but farmers were exploited by contractors. On the advice of Sardar Vallabhai Patel, farmers started organizing dairy cooperatives, leading to the formation of AMUL. The cooperative movement removed middlemen and linked farmers to district cooperatives, generating income and employment while giving farmers access to services. By the late 1990s, 18 districts were covered by cooperative unions managed by GCMMF, efficiently processing and marketing milk.

Uploaded by

Sanjay
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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PROJECT TITLE

Cooperative Dairy Movement in Gujarat


Submitted By Prabodh Deka (x03019)

Brief History
The evolution of the cooperative dairy movement has a long history. It all
started in the early 1940’s when the British Govt. in India had decided to
improve the milk quality of Bombay city. In accordance with that the
municipal corporation had introduced a scheme called Bombay Municipal
Corporation Milk supply scheme(BMCMSS) in late November 1945 for
carrying milk from Kaira District in the state of Gujarat to Bombay city &
sell milk & milk products at a subsidized rate. and selling at subsidized
rate to expectant mothers and children. Apart from Kaira district, BMCMSS
also procured fixed amount of milk from Polson Ltd. which is a private
dairy firm from Anand, Gujarat. Under the scheme, Polson limited was
making good amount of margin by proving less price to the milk farmers
and the farmers were exploited to a large extent which was possible
because they had a large network of contractors who were working in the
district for Polson.

The BMCMSS encountered many issues in its early days. However in the
mid 1946, Govt of Bombay tookover the control of the scheme and
established a statutory body for the operation of the scheme. In its early
days Bombay Milk Scheme awarded a monopoly right to Polson for
procuring milk in Kaira District which happened to be strong political
conflict in Kaira district as the producer members were not getting the price
benefit of the scheme which Polson was exploiting. The farmers were not
equally benefited from the scheme and they were controlled by the
contractors of the district and had to sell the milk at a fixed rate to the
contractors. Henceforth, the farmers met Sardar Vallabhai Patel and
addressed the issue. And, on his advice farmers of Kaira District had
started a campaign to organize dairy cooperative which was a stepping
stone the AMUL model of dairy development in India.

Co-operative movement and socio economic impact in Gujarat.


The dairy co-operative movement in Gujarat itself is a success story, it had
started with an initiative to organize 20 villages in Kaira district of Gujarat
which was primarily aiming at to procure milk and supply it to Bombay.
And this initiative of cooperation lead to form Anand Milk Union which is
popularly known as AMUL with help of National Dairy Development Board.
Gradualy the collection of milk has increased upto 170 districts of India in
1980s. This movement had removed the middle man from the system and
linked farmers to the district level cooperatives. The Gujarat model has
helped the farmers wellbeing and gradually it replicated the dairy industry
other states as well.

The dairy cooperative sector is the key institution that helps generate the
income and employment for the rural farmers. The milk is procured at
village level cooperative societies and are processed by the district unions
and market the liquid milk. And the surplus mil & milk products are
marketed by Gujarat Co-operative Milk Marketing Federation Limited. Later
the State Government had established Gujarat Dairy Development
Coopration (GDDC) in 1973 to support dairy development programme to
boost its operations for better efficiency. By the end of 1995-96, 18 districts
had been covered under the co-operative unions of Gujarat and most of the
plants are managed by GCMMF which includes 5 milk product factories.
The average milk capacity was around 30 lakh liters per dairy and 24 lakh
LPD was used for processing milk products. Furthermore. there were 10
cattle feed factories with a total capacity of 1800 MT per day and 35
chilling centres having capacity of 14.82 lpd. The co-operative dairy
structure is very efficient in central, north and partially in the southern
region of the state. The milk producers of these regions have no major
problem for the marketing of milk even in flush seasons. Major quantity of
milk has been procured by the co-operative societies, however few
producers used to sell milk produce directly to consumers or to the
contractors. With the dairy cooperative movement producers have direct
access to all types of veterinary services available in cooperative societies.
However, it is noteworthy to be mentioned the co-operative structure in
Saurastra & katch is very weak than the other states since there were in
the influence of small and private traders popularly known as dudhias who
who procure milk from the farmers and transport it to nearby towns and
sell it. There the milk farmers were totally in control of the dudhias who
offered them slightly better price in the lean season and low price at the
flush season. Since milk is a perishable commodity small producers are
compelled to sell their produce at low prices to meet their cash
requirements and many farmers have to travel to the nearest towns for
marketing their produce in absence of a fair marketing structure which is
often times non-profitable. However, with the cooperative model, those
exploited farmers came under the governance of Dairy cooperatives helps
them to earn their living sustainably.

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