A Project Report

On
RESEARCH OF FINE GRIT ACCESS CONTROL
BASED ON TIME IN CLOUD COMPUTNG
Submitted by

S.PALLAVI (169L1A0574)
R.APARNALAKSHMI (179L5A0501)
S.GAMYA (169L1A0580)
M.KINNERA (169L1A0545)

in partial fulfillment for the award of the degree of

BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY
in
Computer Science and Engineering

Under the Guidance of

Mr. G. BALA GANGADHAR, M.Tech.,

Asst. Professor, Department of CSE.

DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

SIDDARTHA EDUCATIONAL ACADEMY GROUP OF INSTITUTIONS
(Approved by AICTE & Affiliated to JNTU Anantapur)
C. Gollapalli, Tirupati - 517 505
(2016-2020)
 SIDDARTHA EDUCATIONAL ACADEMY GROUP OF INSTITUTIONS
C. Gollapalli (vi), Tirupati - 517 505
DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the project entitled “RESEARCH OF FINE GRIT

ACCESS CONTROL BASED ON TIME IN CLOUD COMPUTING” is
the bonafide work carried out by

S.PALLAVI (169L1A0574)
R.APARNA LAKSHMI (179L1A0501)
S.GAMYA (169L1A0580)
M.KINNERA (169L1A0545)

B.Tech, students of SEAGI, Affiliated to JNTUA, Anantapuramu in partial

fulfillment of the requirements for the award of the Degree of BACHELOR OF
TECHNOLOGY with the specialization in COMPUTER SCIENCE AND
ENGINEERING during the Academic year 2016-2020.

Signature of the Guide Head of the Department

Viva-Voice held on

Internal Examiner External Examiner

 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

All endeavors over a long period can be successful only with the advice and support of
many well-wishers. I take this opportunity to express my gratitude and appreciation to all of
them.

we wish to express deep sense of gratitude to my beloved and respected guide

Mr.G.BALA GANGADHAR, ., Asst.Professor of CSE, Siddartha Educational
M.Tech

Academy Group of Institutions, Tirupati, for his valuable guidance, suggestions and constant
encouragement and keen interest enriched throughout the course of project work.

We extend sincere thanks to the HOD, Mr.N.ANAND REDDY for his kind co-
operation in completing and making this project a success.

We extend sincere thanks to the Principal, Prof. K. RAJASEKHAR for his kind co-
operation in completing and making this project a success.

We would like to thank the Management for their kind co-operation and for providing
infrastructure facilities.

We extend thanks to all the Teaching staff of the Department of CSE for their support
and encouragement during the course of my project work. I also thank the Non- Teaching staff
of CSE department for being helpful in many ways in successful completion of my work.

Finally I thank all those who helped me directly or indirectly in successful completion
of this project work.

S.PALLAVI (169L1A0574)
R.APARNA LAKSHMI (179L1A0501)
S.GAMYA (169L1A0580)
M.KINNERA (169L1A0545)
 SIDDARTHA EDUCATIONAL ACADEMY GROUP OF INSTITUTIONS
C.GOLLAPALLI, TIRUPATI – 517505 (A.P), INDIA
DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

DECLARATION
I hereby declare that the project work entitled “RESEARCH OF FINE
GRIT ACCESS CONTROL BASED ON TIME IN CLOUD COMPUTING”
is entirely my original work carried out under the guidance of Mr.G.BALA
GANGADHAR, Asst.Professor, Department of Computer Science and
Engineering, Siddartha Educational Academy Group of Institutions, C.Gollapalli,
Tirupati, JNTU Anantapur, Anantapuramu,A.P,India for the award of the degree
of BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY with the specialization in COMPUTER
SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING. The results carried out in this project report
have not been submitted in a part or full for the award of any degree or diploma
of this or any other university or institute.

S.PALLAVI (169L1A0574)
R.APARNA LAKSHMI (179L5A0501)
S.GAMYA (169L1A0580)
M.KINNERA (169L1A0545)
 ABSTRACT

As the wildly application and rapidly development of cloud computing, the security of cloud technology
has been raising more and more attention. The technology of access control in cloud plays the key role
in the whole application system. This paper introduces the traditional theory and models of access
control. Then, the unique challenges in cloud access control and the corresponding solutions are
analyzed. On the basis of these researches, the Time-restrained Fine-grit Access Control Model in Cloud
is proposed. The features of this model are analyzed in the following. In the final of this paper is the
summary of the whole research and the expectation in future research direction.
 CONTENTS
1. INTRODUCTION 1–2
2. LITERATURE SURVEY 3–4
3. SYSTEM STUDY 5–6
Feasibility Study
Economical Feasibility
Technical Feasibility
Social Feasibility
4. SYSTEM ANALYSIS 7–8
Existing System
Disadvantages of Existing System
Proposed System
Advantages of Proposed System
5. SYSTEM SPECIFICATION 9
Hardware Requirements
Software Requirements
6. SOFTWARE ENVIRONMENT 10 – 30
Introduction to Java
ODBC
JDBC
7. SYSTEM DESIGN 31 – 39
System Architecture
Data Flow Diagram
Usecase Diagram
Class Diagram
Sequence Diagram
Activity Diagram
8. IMPLEMENTATION 40 – 41
9. SAMPLE CODE 42 – 50
10. SCREENSHOTS 51 – 63
11. SYSTEM TESTING 64 – 66
Unit Testing
Integration Testing
Functional Testing
12. CONCLUSION 67
13. BIBLIOGRAPHY 68 – 69
 List of Figures
1. 6.1.1. Java Virtual Machine 11
2. 6.1.2. Java Program 11
3. 6.1.3. Java API 12
4. 6.1.4. Java2 SDK 14
5. 6.3.1. Work of Interpreter and Compiler 19
6. 6.3.2. TCP/IP Stack with OSI 20
7. 6.3.3. The 32-bit address is usually written as 4 21
integers separated by dots
8. 6.3.4. Web Application directory structure 28
9. 7.1. System Architecture 31
10. 7.2. Data Flow Diagram 32
11. 7.3. Usecase Diagram 34
12. 7.4. Class Diagram 35
13. 7.5. Sequence Diagram 36
14. 7.6. Activity Diagram 37
 Research of Fine Grit Access Control Based on Time in Cloud Computing

1. INTRODUCTION
Introduction
Cloud technology is one of the hot issues in computing and application pattern, which provides
all kinds of information resources and services based on the fundamental network
infrastructure. The cloud computing has some distinguishing features like flexible, easier to
expand, lower cost, high computing efficiency and so on. However, the security and privacy
problem is becoming the core restriction in the development of the cloud computing. There is
a growing trend of secure accidents in the cloud computing industry. For example, a mass of
Google users’ documents had been leaked in 2009. The Amazon Data Centre had crashed down
several times in 2012. The Microsoft Cloud provided error services in 2013. The back door
event in Apple Cloud was exposed in 2014. So many security incidents exposed frequently in
recent years makes researchers, industries and users have a crisis of cloud computing. The
Cloud Security Alliance is the most concerned organization focusing on the research of cloud
security, which released a report named The Treacherous 12-Top Threat to Cloud Computing
+ Industry Insights in 2016[1]. In this report, 12 key threats in cloud computing field is
summarized, which includes the Data Breaches, the Insufficient Identity, Credential and Access
Management, the System Vulnerabilities, the Account Hijacking, the Malicious Insider, the
Data Loss, the Abuse and Nefarious Use of Cloud Services and so on. According to the
Microsoft Analyzing Model STRIDE, all the threats are evaluated from six aspects including
Spoofing Identity, Tampering with Data, Repudiation, Information Disclosure, Denial of
Service and Elevation of Privilege. It is observed that the core method to deal with the cloud
security problem is to protect the confidentiality, the integrity and the availability of data
resource in cloud environment. And focuses on the technology of access control in cloud
computing. The access control was proposed to solve the data sharing problem of managing the
access authorization in mainframe systems. The main solution is to authorize the users
according to the settled strategy. However, the patterns of data computing, storing and applying
in cloud have make a big difference which the traditional access control methods are invalid to
protect the data resources anymore, which have to be improved and optimized on the basis of
the characteristics of cloud computing[2]. The traditional technology and models of access
control is introduced in section2. In section 3, we analyze the challenges in cloud access control
and summarize the research achievement in academic community.

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Based on that, the core content of this is that Time-restrained Fine-grit Access Control
Model in Cloud, is introduced with detail in section4. 978-1-5386-6243-4/19/$31.00 ©2019
IEEE 2019 IEEE 3rd Information Technology,Networking,Electronic and Automation Control
Conference (ITNEC 2019) 1897 Finally, in the final section of this summary of this research as
well as the sketch of the future work.

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2. LITERATURE SURVEY

Cloud Computing-Oriented Access Control Technology

The benefits that Internet-based applications and services have given to the end user with
today’s cloud computing technology are very remarkable. The distributed services instantly
scaled over the Internet provided by cloud computing can be achieved by using some
mechanisms in the background. It is a critical task for end users to control access to resources
because lack of control often leads to security risks. In addition, this may cause systems to fail.
This paper describes seven different access control mechanisms used in cloud computing
platforms for different purposes. Besides, the advantages and disadvantages of various models
developed from previous service-based architectures and used for cloud computing are detailed
and classified. During the assessments, NIST’s metrics were taken as a reference, and in the
study, 109 articles from the past decade were examined. We also compared our research with
the existing survey papers.

ACCESS CONTROL BASED RESOURCE ALLOCATION IN CLOUD

COMPUTING ENVIRONMENT
In this paper, we propose a new dynamic resource allocation scheme - Access Control-based
Resource Allocation (ACRA) for cloud users in order to address some deficiencies of the
current resources allocation mechanisms in some free cloud computing environment. The
proposed scheme comprehensively analyses behavior characteristics of cloud users and
evaluates user behavior trust using fuzzy analytic hierarchy process (FAHP), and then
dynamically adjusts the resources permission of cloud users according to their behavior trust
values, thus effectively controlling user resource utilization. Experimental results show that the
ACRA scheme can provide basis for allocating resources dynamically and reasonably to cloud
users with different behaviors and improve resource utilization in cloud computing systems.

ROLE-BASEDE ACCESS CONTROL [C].IN:PROC. OF THE 15TH

NATIONAL COMPUTER SECURITY
While Mandatory Access Controls (MAC) are appropriate for multilevel secure military
applications, Discretionary Access Controls (DAC) are often perceived as meeting the

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security processing needs of industry and civilian government. This paper argues that reliance
on DAC as the principal method of access control is unfounded and inappropriate for many
commercial and civilian government organizations. The paper describes a type of non-
discretionary access control - role-based access control (RBAC) - that is more central to the
secure processing needs of non-military systems than DAC.

SECURITY CONCERNS IN CLOUD COMPUTING

Cloud computing allows apps and services to be more robust with more resources available. It
also allows apps to run with more resilience by offering multiple redundancies and multiple
layers of protection. On top of these advantages, many organizations are leveraging the benefits
of cloud computing because operating on the cloud is also relatively more cost-efficient
compared to running conventional servers.
Which means practically everything runs in the cloud these days. The opposite side of the
benefits coin for running on the cloud is the disadvantages. The increase of data being stored in
the cloud increases the attack surface of cloud clusters. This makes security an even more
important aspect to focus on when deploying to the cloud. Despite the growing awareness of
the importance of cloud security, there are still several common security issues to anticipate .

A TASK-ROLE-BASED ACCESS CONTROL MODEL FOR CLOUD

COMPUTING
There are many information objects and users in a large company. It is an important issue how
to control user's access in order that only authorized user can access information objects.
Traditional access control models—discretionary access control, mandatory access control, and
role-based access control—do not properly reflect the characteristics of enterprise environment.
This paper proposes an improved access control model for enterprise environment. The
characteristics of access control in an enterprise environment are examined and a task–role-
based access control (T–RBAC) model founded on concept of classification of tasks is
introduced. Task is a fundamental unit of business work or business activity. T–RBAC deals
with each task differently according to its class, and supports task level access control and
supervision role hierarchy. T–RBAC is a suitable access control model for industrial
companies.

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3. SYSTEM STUDY

3.1 FEASIBILITY STUDY

The feasibility of the project is analyzed in this phase and business proposal is put forth with a
very general plan for the project and some cost estimates. During system analysis the feasibility
study of the proposed system is to be carried out. This is to ensure that the proposed system is
not a burden to the company. For feasibility analysis, some understanding of the major
requirements for the system is essential.
Three key considerations involved in the feasibility analysis are

 ECONOMICAL FEASIBILITY

 TECHNICAL FEASIBILITY

 SOCIAL FEASIBILITY

3.1.1 ECONOMICAL FEASIBILITY

This study is carried out to check the economic impact that the system will have on the
organization. The amount of fund that the company can pour into the research and development
of the system is limited. The expenditures must be justified. Thus the developed system as well
within the budget and this was achieved because most of the technologies used are freely
available. Only the customized products had to be purchased.

3.1.2 TECHNICAL FEASIBILITY

This study is carried out to check the technical feasibility, that is, the technical
requirements of the system. Any system developed must not have a high demand on the
available technical resources. This will lead to high demands on the available technical
resources. This will lead to high demands being placed on the client. The developed system
must have a modest requirement, as only minimal or null changes are required for implementing
this system.

3.1.3 SOCIAL FEASIBILITY

This aspect of study is to check the level of acceptance of the system by the user. This
includes the process of training the user to use the system efficiently. The user must not feel

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threatened by the system, instead must accept it as a necessity. The level of acceptance by the
users solely depends on the methods that are employed to educate the user about the system and
to make him familiar with it. His level of confidence must be raised so that he is also able to
make some constructive criticism, which is welcomed, as he is the final user of the system.

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4. SYSTEM ANALYSIS

4.1 EXISTING SYSTEM:

Because of the application of virtualization technology, the access control in cloud computing
expand the range of subject from the user to the virtual resources and cloud storage data. Thus
the concepts of subject and object in cloud access control have to be redefined. In cloud
computing environment, the owner, the manager and the requester of the resources can be in
different security management domains, which demands for mechanism supports for crossing-
security-domain authorization and access control. In cloud computing, the authorization
management for cloud tenants is changing along with the dynamic resource and network
environment. The situation of various roles, complex hierarchy and changes to the permission
allocation pattern in cloud ask for the dynamic and secure access control methods.

4.1.1 DISADVANTAGES OF EXISTING SYSTEM:

 The virtual resource is completely isolated from the underlying hardware equipment in
cloud, which increase the difficulty in discovering the hidden channels between virtual
machines.
 The trust and privacy problem needs to be solve in cloud access control.


4.2 PROPOSED SYSTEM:

In the proposed system, the trusted server checks the user’s access authorization. However, the
server is not trusted in cloud computing environment. In the meanwhile, the access permissions
of cloud tenants are highly selected and divided. Users in different tenant are also fine-grit
divided on demand. Thus, the data in cloud must be protected by fine-girt access control
mechanism based on the abundant technical resources. The attribute-based access control
technology selects and models the attributes of users, resources, actions and operating
environment to bind the access authority and attributes, which can refine the granularity of
access control.

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4.2.1 ADVANTAGES OF PROPOSED SYSTEM:

 In cloud computing, users request resources from cloud service provider on demand,
which make the relationship between subject and object being changeable. 
 The strategy execution module receives the access request from the subject and
transforms the request into the attributes set defined by the model. According to the
settled access control rules, the final judgment is selected and return to the execution
module

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5. SYSTEM SPECIFICATION

5.1 HARDWARE REQUIREMENTS:

 System : Pentium dual Core.

 Hard Disk : 120 GB.
 Monitor : 15'' LED.
 Mouse : Logitech.
 Ram : 1 GB.

5.2 SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS:

 Operating system : Windows /7.

 Coding Language : JAVA/J2EE
 IDE : Netbeans 8.2
 Database : MYSQL

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6. SOFTWARE ENVIRONMENT

6.1 INTRODUCTION TO JAVA:

Java technology is both a programming language and a platform.

The Java Programming Language

The Java programming language is a high-level language that can be characterized by all
of the following buzzwords:

 Simple
 Architecture neutral
 Object oriented
 Portable
 Distributed
 High performance
 Interpreted
 Multithreaded
 Robust
 Dynamic
 Secure

With most programming languages, you either compile or interpret a program so that
you can run it on your computer. The Java programming language is unusual in that a program
is both compiled and interpreted. With the compiler, first you translate a program into an
intermediate language called Java byte codes —the platform-independent codes interpreted by
the interpreter on the Java platform. The interpreter parses and runs each Java byte code
instruction on the computer. Compilation happens just once; interpretation occurs each time the
program is executed. The following figure illustrates how this works.

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Fig: Java Virtual Machine

You can think of Java byte codes as the machine code instructions for the Java Virtual
Machine (Java VM). Every Java interpreter, whether it’s a development tool or a Web browser
that can run applets, is an implementation of the Java VM. Java byte codes help make “write
once, run anywhere” possible. You can compile your program into byte codes on any platform
that has a Java compiler. The byte codes can then be run on any implementation of the Java
VM. That means that as long as a computer has a Java VM, the same program written in the
Java programming language can run on Windows 2000, a Solaris workstation, or on an iMac.

Fig: Java program

The Java Platform

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A platform is the hardware or software environment in which a program runs. We’ve

already mentioned some of the most popular platforms like Windows 2000, Linux, Solaris, and
MacOS. Most platforms can be described as a combination of the operating system and
hardware. The Java platform differs from most other platforms in that it’s a software-only
platform that runs on top of other hardware-based platforms.
The Java platform has two components:
 The Java Virtual Machine (Java VM)
 The Java Application Programming Interface (Java API)

You’ve already been introduced to the Java VM. It’s the base for the Java platform and is ported
onto various hardware-based platforms.
The Java API is a large collection of ready-made software components that provide many useful
capabilities, such as graphical user interface (GUI) widgets. The Java API is grouped into
libraries of related classes and interfaces; these libraries are known as packages.
The next section, What Can Java Technology Do? Highlights what functionality some of the
packages in the Java API provide.
The following figure depicts a program that’s running on the Java platform. As the figure
shows, the Java API and the virtual machine insulate the program from the hardware.

Fig: Java API

Native code is code that after you compile it, the compiled code runs on a specific hardware
platform. As a platform-independent environment, the Java platform can be a bit slower than
native code. However, smart compilers, well-tuned interpreters, and just-in-time byte code
compilers can bring performance close to that of native code without threatening portability.

What Can Java Technology Do?

The most common types of programs written in the Java programming language are
applets and applications. If you’ve surfed the Web, you’re probably already familiar with

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applets. An applet is a program that adheres to certain conventions that allow it to run within a
Java-enabled browser. However, the Java programming language is not just for writing cute,
entertaining applets for the Web. The general-purpose, high-level Java programming language
is also a powerful software platform. Using the generous API, you can write many types of
programs.
An application is a standalone program that runs directly on the Java platform. A special
kind of application known as a server serves and supports clients on a network. Examples of
servers are Web servers, proxy servers, mail servers, and print servers. Another specialized
program is a servlet. A servlet can almost be thought of as an applet that runs on the server side.
Java Servlets are a popular choice for building interactive web applications, replacing the use
of CGI scripts. Servlets are similar to applets in that they are runtime extensions of
applications. Instead of working in browsers, though, servlets run within Java Web servers,
configuring or tailoring the server.
How does the API support all these kinds of programs? It does so with packages of
software components that provides a wide range of functionality. Every full implementation of
the Java platform gives you the following features:

 The essentials: Objects, strings, threads, numbers, input and output, data structures,
system properties, date and time, and so on.
 Applets: The set of conventions used by applets.
 Networking: URLs, TCP (Transmission Control Protocol), UDP (User Data gram
Protocol) sockets, and IP (Internet Protocol) addresses.
 Internationalization: Help for writing programs that can be localized for users
worldwide. Programs can automatically adapt to specific locales and be displayed in the
appropriate language.
 Security: Both low level and high level, including electronic signatures, public and
private key management, access control, and certificates.
 Software components: Known as JavaBeans, can plug into existing component
architectures.
 Object serialization: Allows lightweight persistence and communication via Remote
Method Invocation (RMI).

 Java Database Connectivity (JDBC): Provides uniform access to a wide range of

relational databases.

The Java platform also has APIs for 2D and 3D graphics, accessibility, servers,

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collaboration, telephony, speech, animation, and more. The following figure depicts what is
included in the Java 2 SDK.

Fig: Java2 SDK

How Will Java Technology Change My Life?

We can’t promise you fame, fortune, or even a job if you learn the Java programming language.
Still, it is likely to make your programs better and requires less effort than other languages. We
believe that Java technology will help you do the following:

 Get started quickly: Although the Java programming language is a powerful object-
oriented language, it’s easy to learn, especially for programmers already familiar with
C or C++.
 Write less code: Comparisons of program metrics (class counts, method counts, and so
on) suggest that a program written in the Java programming language can be four times
smaller than the same program in C++.
 Write better code: The Java programming language encourages good coding practices,
and its garbage collection helps you avoid memory leaks. Its object orientation, its
JavaBeans component architecture, and its wide-ranging, easily extendible API let you
reuse other people’s tested code and introduce fewer bugs.
 Develop programs more quickly: Your development time may be as much as twice as
fast versus writing the same program in C++. Why? You write fewer lines of code and
it is a simpler programming language than C++.

 Avoid platform dependencies with 100% Pure Java: You can keep your program

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portable by avoiding the use of libraries written in other languages. The 100%
PureJava Product Certification Program has a repository of historical process manuals, white
papers, brochures, and similar materials online.

 Write once, run anywhere: Because 100% Pure Java programs are compiled into
machine-independent byte codes, they run consistently on any Java platform.

 Distribute software more easily: You can upgrade applets easily from a central server.
Applets take advantage of the feature of allowing new classes to be loaded “on the fly,”
without recompiling the entire program.

6.2 ODBC:

Microsoft Open Database Connectivity (ODBC) is a standard programming interface for

application developers and database systems providers. Before ODBC became a de facto
standard for Windows programs to interface with database systems, programmers had to use
proprietary languages for each database they wanted to connect to. Now, ODBC has made the
choice of the database system almost irrelevant from a coding perspective, which is as it should
be. Application developers have much more important things to worry about than the syntax
that is needed to port their program from one database to another when business needs suddenly
change.

Through the ODBC Administrator in Control Panel, you can specify the particular
database that is associated with a data source that an ODBC application program is written to
use. Think of an ODBC data source as a door with a name on it. Each door will lead you to a
particular database. For example, the data source named Sales Figures might be a SQL Server
database, whereas the Accounts Payable data source could refer to an Access database. The
physical database referred to by a data source can reside anywhere on the LAN.

The ODBC system files are not installed on your system by Windows 95. Rather, they
are installed when you setup a separate database application, such as SQL Server Client or
Visual Basic 4.0. When the ODBC icon is installed in Control Panel, it uses a file called

ODBCINST.DLL. It is also possible to administer your ODBC data sources through a stand-
alone program called ODBCADM.EXE. There is a 16-bit and a 32-bit version of this program
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and each maintains a separate list of ODBC data sources. From a programming perspective, the
beauty of ODBC is that the application can be written to use the same set of function calls to
interface with any data source, regardless of the database vendor. The source code of the
application doesn’t change whether it talks to Oracle or SQL Server. We only mention these
two as an example. There are ODBC drivers available for several dozen popular database
systems. Even Excel spreadsheets and plain text files can be turned into data sources. The
operating system uses the Registry information written by ODBC Administrator to determine
which low-level ODBC drivers are needed to talk to the data source (such as the interface to
Oracle or SQL Server). The loading of the ODBC drivers is transparent to the ODBC
application program. In a client/server environment, the ODBC API even handles many of the
network issues for the application programmer.
The advantages of this scheme are so numerous that you are probably thinking there must
be some catch. The only disadvantage of ODBC is that it isn’t as efficient as talking directly to
the native database interface. ODBC has had many detractors make the charge that it is too slow.
Microsoft has always claimed that the critical factor in performance is the quality of the driver
software that is used. In our humble opinion, this is true. The availability of good ODBC drivers
has improved a great deal recently. And anyway, the criticism about performance is somewhat
analogous to those who said that compilers would never match the speed of pure assembly
language. Maybe not, but the compiler (or ODBC) gives you the opportunity to write cleaner
programs, which means you finish sooner. Meanwhile, computers get faster every year.

6.3 JDBC:
In an effort to set an independent database standard API for Java; Sun Microsystems developed
Java Database Connectivity, or JDBC. JDBC offers a generic SQL database access mechanism
that provides a consistent interface to a variety of RDBMSs. This consistent interface is
achieved through the use of “plug-in” database connectivity modules, or drivers. If a database
vendor wishes to have JDBC support, he or she must provide the driver for each platform that
the database and Java run on.

To gain a wider acceptance of JDBC, Sun based JDBC’s framework on ODBC. As you
discovered earlier in this chapter, ODBC has widespread support on a variety of platforms.
Basing JDBC on ODBC will allow vendors to bring JDBC drivers to market much faster than
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developing a completely new connectivity solution. JDBC was announced in March of 1996. It
was released for a 90 day public review that ended June 8, 1996. Because of user input, the final
JDBC v1.0 specification was released soon after.

The remainder of this section will cover enough information about JDBC for you to know
what it is about and how to use it effectively. This is by no means a complete overview of
JDBC. That would fill an entire book.

JDBC Goals
Few software packages are designed without goals in mind. JDBC is one that, because of its
many goals, drove the development of the API. These goals, in conjunction with early reviewer
feedback, have finalized the JDBC class library into a solid framework for building database
applications in Java.

The goals that were set for JDBC are important. They will give you some insight as to why
certain classes and functionalities behave the way they do. The eight design goals for JDBC are
as follows:

1. SQL Level API

The designers felt that their main goal was to define a SQL interface for Java. Although
not the lowest database interface level possible, it is at a low enough level for higher-level tools
and APIs to be created. Conversely, it is at a high enough level for application programmers to
use it confidently. Attaining this goal allows for future tool vendors to “generate” JDBC code
and to hide many of JDBC’s complexities from the end user.

2. SQL Conformance

SQL syntax varies as you move from database vendor to database vendor. In an effort to
support a wide variety of vendors, JDBC will allow any query statement to be passed through
it to the underlying database driver. This allows the connectivity module to handle non-
standard functionality in a manner that is suitable for its users.

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3. JDBC must be implemental on top of common database interfaces

The JDBC SQL API must “sit” on top of other common SQL level APIs. This goal allows
JDBC to use existing ODBC level drivers by the use of a software interface. This interface
would translate JDBC calls to ODBC and vice versa.

4. Provide a Java interface that is consistent with the rest of the Java system

Because of Java’s acceptance in the user community thus far, the designers feel that
they should not stray from the current design of the core Java system.

5. Keep it simple

This goal probably appears in all software design goal listings. JDBC is no exception. Sun
felt that the design of JDBC should be very simple, allowing for only one method of completing
a task per mechanism. Allowing duplicate functionality only serves to confuse the users of the
API.

6. Use strong, static typing wherever possible

Strong typing allows for more error checking to be done at compile time; also, less error
appear at runtime.

7. Keep the common cases simple

Because more often than not, the usual SQL calls used by the programmer are simple
SELECT’s, INSERT’s, DELETE’s and UPDATE’s, these queries should be simple to perform
with JDBC. However, more complex SQL statements should also be possible.

Java has two things: a programming language and a platform. Java is a high-level
programming language that is all of the following

Simple Architecture-neutral
Object-oriented Portable
Distributed High-performance
Interpreted Multithreaded
Robust Dynamic
Secure

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Java is also unusual in that each Java program is both compiled and interpreted. With a
compile you translate a Java program into an intermediate language called Java byte codes
the platform-independent code instruction is passed and run on the computer.

Compilation happens just once; interpretation occurs each time the program is executed.
The figure illustrates how this works.

Java Program Interpreter

Compilers My Program

Fig: Work of Interpreter and compiler

You can think of Java byte codes as the machine code instructions for the Java Virtual
Machine (Java VM). Every Java interpreter, whether it’s a Java development tool or a Web
browser that can run Java applets, is an implementation of the Java VM. The Java VM can also
be implemented in hardware.

Java byte codes help make “write once, run anywhere” possible. You can compile your
Java program into byte codes on my platform that has a Java compiler. The byte codes can then
be run any implementation of the Java VM. For example, the same Java program can run in
Windows NT, Solaris, and Macintosh.

Networking
TCP/IP stack:
The TCP/IP stack is shorter than the OSI one:

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Fig: TCP/IP stack with OSI

TCP is a connection-oriented protocol; UDP (User Datagram Protocol) is a connectionless
protocol.

IP datagram’s:

The IP layer provides a connectionless and unreliable delivery system. It considers each
datagram independently of the others. Any association between datagram must be supplied by
the higher layers. The IP layer supplies a checksum that includes its own header. The header
includes the source and destination addresses. The IP layer handles routing through an Internet.
It is also responsible for breaking up large datagram into smaller ones for transmission and
reassembling them at the other end.

UDP:

UDP is also connectionless and unreliable. What it adds to IP is a checksum for the contents
of the datagram and port numbers. These are used to give a client/server model.

TCP:

TCP supplies logic to give a reliable connection-oriented protocol above IP. It provides a
virtual circuit that two processes can use to communicate.

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Internet addresses:

In order to use a service, you must be able to find it. The Internet uses an address scheme
for machines so that they can be located. The address is a 32 bit integer which gives the IP
address. This encodes a network ID and more addressing. The network ID falls into various
classes according to the size of the network address.

Network address:

Class A uses 8 bits for the network address with 24 bits left over for other addressing.
Class B uses 16 bit network addressing. Class C uses 24 bit network addressing and class D
uses all 32.

Subnet address:

Internally, the UNIX network is divided into sub networks. Building 11 is currently on one sub
network and uses 10-bit addressing, allowing 1024 different hosts.

Host address:

8 bits are finally used for host addresses within our subnet. This places a limit of 256
machines that can be on the subnet.

Total address:

Fig: The 32 bit address is usually written as 4 integers separated by dots.

Port addresses:
A service exists on a host, and is identified by its port. This is a 16 bit number. To send a
message to a server, you send it to the port for that service of the host that it is running on. This
is not location transparency! Certain of these ports are "well known".

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Sockets:
A socket is a data structure maintained by the system to handle network connections. A
socket is created using the call socket. It returns an integer that is like a file descriptor. In fact,
under Windows, this handle can be used with Read File and Write File functions.
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
int socket(int family, int type, int protocol);
Here "family" will be AF_INET for IP communications, protocol will be zero, and type will
depend on whether TCP or UDP is used. Two processes wishing to communicate over a
network create a socket each. These are similar to two ends of a pipe - but the actual pipe does
not yet exist.

JFree Chart:

JFree Chart is a free 100% Java chart library that makes it easy for developers to display
professional quality charts in their applications. JFree Chart's extensive feature set includes:

A consistent and well-documented API, supporting a wide range of chart types;

A flexible design that is easy to extend, and targets both server-side and client-side applications;
Support for many output types, including Swing components, image files (including PNG and
JPEG), and vector graphics file formats (including PDF, EPS and SVG);
JFree Chart is "open source" or, more specifically, free software. It is distributed under the
terms of the GNU Lesser General Public Licence (LGPL), which permits use in proprietary
applications.

1. Map Visualizations
Charts showing values that relate to geographical areas. Some examples include:
(a) Population density in each state of the United States,
(b) Income per capita for each country in Europe,
(c) Life expectancy in each country of the world.
The tasks in this project include:
Sourcing freely redistributable vector outlines for the countries of the world, states/provinces
in particular countries (USA in particular, but also other areas);

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Creating an appropriate dataset interface (plus default implementation), a rendered, and

integrating this with the existing XYPlot class in JFree Chart; Testing, documenting, testing
some more, documenting some more.

2. Time Series Chart Interactivity

Implement a new (to JFree Chart) feature for interactive time series charts --- to display a
separate control that shows a small version of ALL the time series data, with a sliding "view"
rectangle that allows you to select the subset of the time series data to display in the main chart.
3. Dashboards

There is currently a lot of interest in dashboard displays. Create a flexible dashboard mechanism
that supports a subset of JFree Chart chart types (dials, pies, thermometers, bars, and lines/time
series) that can be delivered easily via both Java Web Start and an applet.

4. Property Editors

The property editor mechanism in JFree Chart only handles a small subset of the properties that
can be set for charts. Extend (or reimplement) this mechanism to provide greater end-user
control over the appearance of the charts.

What is a Java Web Application?

A Java web application generates interactive web pages containing various types of markup
language (HTML, XML, and so on) and dynamic content. It is typically comprised of web
components such as Java Server Pages (JSP), servlets and JavaBeans to modify and temporarily
store data, interact with databases and web services, and render content in response to client
requests.

Because many of the tasks involved in web application development can be repetitive or require
a surplus of boilerplate code, web frameworks can be applied to alleviate the overhead
associated with common activities. For example, many frameworks, such as Java Server Faces,
provide libraries for templating pages and session management, and often promote code reuse.

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What is Java EE?

Java EE (Enterprise Edition) is a widely used platform containing a set of coordinated
technologies that significantly reduce the cost and complexity of developing, deploying, and
managing multi-tier, server-centric applications. Java EE builds upon the Java SE platform and
provides a set of APIs (application programming interfaces) for developing and running
portable, robust, scalable, reliable and secure server-side applications.

Some of the fundamental components of Java EE include:

 Enterprise JavaBeans (EJB): a managed, server-side component architecture used to
encapsulate the business logic of an application. EJB technology enables rapid and
simplified development of distributed, transactional, secure and portable applications
based on Java technology. 
 Java Persistence API (JPA): a framework that allows developers to manage data using
object-relational mapping (ORM) in applications built on the Java Platform.

JavaScript and Ajax Development

JavaScript is an object-oriented scripting language primarily used in client-side interfaces for

web applications. Ajax (Asynchronous JavaScript and XML) is a Web 2.0 technique that allows
changes to occur in a web page without the need to perform a page refresh. JavaScript toolkits
can be leveraged to implement Ajax-enabled components and functionality in web pages.

Web Server and Client

Web Server is a software that can process the client request and send the response back to the
client. For example, Apache is one of the most widely used web server. Web Server runs on
some physical machine and listens to client request on specific port.
A web client is a software that helps in communicating with the server. Some of the most widely
used web clients are Firefox, Google Chrome, and Safari etc. When we request something from
server (through URL), web client takes care of creating a request and sending it to server and
then parsing the server response and present it to the user.

HTML and HTTP

Web Server and Web Client are two separate softwares, so there should be some common

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language for communication. HTML is the common language between server and client
andstands for Hyper Text Markup Language.

Web server and client needs a common communication protocol, HTTP (Hyper Text Transfer
Protocol) is the communication protocol between server and client. HTTP runs on top of
TCP/IP communication protocol.
Some of the important parts of HTTP Request are:
 HTTP Method – action to be performed, usually GET, POST, PUT etc.
 URL – Page to access
 Form Parameters – similar to arguments in a java method, for example user, password
details from login page.
Sample HTTP Request:
1. GET /FirstServletProject/jsps/hello.jsp HTTP/1.1
2. Host: localhost:8080
3. Cache-Control: no-cache
Some of the important parts of HTTP Response are:
 Status Code – an integer to indicate whether the request was success or not. Some of
the well known status codes are 200 for success, 404 for Not Found and 403 for Access
Forbidden.
 Content Type – text, html, image, pdf etc. Also known as MIME type
 Content – actual data that is rendered by client and shown to user.

MIME Type or Content Type:

If you see above sample HTTP response header, it contains tag “Content-Type”. It’s also called
MIME type and server sends it to client to let them know the kind of data it’s sending. It helps
client in rendering the data for user. Some of the mostly used mime types are text/html, text/xml,
application/xml etc.

Understanding URL
URL is acronym of Universal Resource Locator and it’s used to locate the server and resource.
Every resource on the web has it’s own unique address. Let’s see parts of URL with an example.
http://localhost:8080/FirstServletProject/jsps/hello.jsp

http:// – This is the first part of URL and provides the communication protocol to be used in

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server-client communication.

localhost – The unique address of the server, most of the times it’s the hostname of the server
that maps to unique IP address. Sometimes multiple hostnames point to same IP addresses and
web server virtual host takes care of sending request to the particular server instance.

8080 – This is the port on which server is listening, it’s optional and if we don’t provide it in
URL then request goes to the default port of the protocol. Port numbers 0 to 1023 are reserved
ports for well known services, for example 80 for HTTP, 443 for HTTPS, 21 for FTP etc.

FirstServletProject/jsps/hello.jsp – Resource requested from server. It can be static html, pdf,

JSP, servlets, PHP etc.

Why we need Servlet and JSPs?

Web servers are good for static contents HTML pages but they don’t know how to generate
dynamic content or how to save data into databases, so we need another tool that we can use to
generate dynamic content. There are several programming languages for dynamic content like
PHP, Python, Ruby on Rails, Java Servlets and JSPs.

Java Servlet and JSPs are server side technologies to extend the capability of web servers by
providing support for dynamic response and data persistence.

Web Container
Tomcat is a web container, when a request is made from Client to web server, it passes the
request to web container and it’s web container job to find the correct resource to handle the
request (servlet or JSP) and then use the response from the resource to generate the response
and provide it to web server. Then web server sends the response back to the client.
When web container gets the request and if it’s for servlet then container creates two Objects
HTTPServletRequest and HTTPServletResponse. Then it finds the correct servlet based on the
URL and creates a thread for the request. Then it invokes the servlet service() method and based
on the HTTP method service() method invokes doGet() or doPost() methods. Servlet methods
generate the dynamic page and write it to response. Once servlet thread is complete, container
converts the response to HTTP response and send it back to client.

Some of the important work done by web container are: Communication Support – Container
provides easy way of communication between web server and the servlets and JSPs. Because of
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container, we don’t need to build a server socket to listen for any request from web server, parse the
request and generate response. All these important and complex tasks are done by container and all
we need to focus is on our business logic for our applications.

 Lifecycle and Resource Management – Container takes care of managing the

life cycle of servlet. Container takes care of loading the servlets into memory,
initializing servlets, invoking servlet methods and destroying them. Container also
provides utility like JNDI for resource pooling and management.
 Multithreading Support – Container creates new thread for every request to the
servlet and when it’s processed the thread dies. So servlets are not initialized for each
request and saves time and memory.
 JSP Support – JSPs doesn’t look like normal java classes and web container provides
support for JSP. Every JSP in the application is compiled by container and converted to
Servlet and then container manages them like other servlets.
 Miscellaneous Task – Web container manages the resource pool, does memory
optimizations, run garbage collector, provides security configurations, support for
multiple applications, hot deployment and several other tasks behind the scene that
makes our life easier.

Web Application Directory Structure

Java Web Applications are packaged as Web Archive (WAR) and it has a defined structure.
You can export above dynamic web project as WAR file and unzip it to check the hierarchy. It
will be something like below image.

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Fig: Web Application Directory Structure

Deployment Descriptor

web.xml file is the deployment descriptor of the web application and contains mapping for
servlets (prior to 3.0), welcome pages, security configurations, session timeout settings etc.

MySQL:

MySQL, the most popular Open Source SQL database management system, is developed,
distributed, and supported by Oracle Corporation.
The MySQL Web site (http://www.mysql.com/) provides the latest information about MySQL
software.

 MySQL is a database management system.

A database is a structured collection of data. It may be anything from a simple shopping

list to a picture gallery or the vast amounts of information in a corporate network. To add,
access, and process data stored in a computer database, you need a database management
system such as MySQL Server. Since computers are very good at handling large amounts
of data, database management systems play a central role in computing, as standalone
utilities, or as parts of other applications.

 MySQL databases are relational.

A relational database stores data in separate tables rather than putting all the data in one
big storeroom. The database structures are organized into physical files optimized for
speed. The logical model, with objects such as databases, tables, views, rows, and

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columns, offers a flexible programming environment. You set up rules governing the
relationships between different data fields, such as one-to-one, one-to-many, unique,
required or optional, and “pointers” between different tables. The database enforces these
rules, so that with a well-designed database, your application never sees inconsistent,
duplicate, orphan, out-of-date, or missing data.
The SQL part of “MySQL” stands for “Structured Query Language”. SQL is the
most common standardized language used to access databases. Depending on your
programming environment, you might enter SQL directly (for example, to generate
reports), embed SQL statements into code written in another language, or use a language-
specific API that hides the SQL syntax.
SQL is defined by the ANSI/ISO SQL Standard. The SQL standard has been
evolving since 1986 and several versions exist. In this manual, “SQL-92” refers to the
standard released in 1992, “SQL:1999” refers to the standard released in 1999, and
“SQL:2003” refers to the current version of the standard. We use the phrase “the SQL
standard” to mean the current version of the SQL Standard at any time.

 MySQL software is Open Source.

Open Source means that it is possible for anyone to use and modify the software.
Anybody can download the MySQL software from the Internet and use it without paying
anything. If you wish, you may study the source code and change it to suit your needs.
The MySQL software uses the GPL (GNU General Public License),
http://www.fsf.org/licenses/, to define what you may and may not do with the software in
different situations. If you feel uncomfortable with the GPL or need to embed MySQL
code into a commercial application, you can buy a commercially licensed version from
us. See the MySQL Licensing Overview for more information
(http://www.mysql.com/company/legal/licensing/).

 The MySQL Database Server is very fast, reliable, scalable, and easy
to use.

If that is what you are looking for, you should give it a try. MySQL Server can run
comfortably on a desktop or laptop, alongside your other applications, web servers, and
so on, requiring little or no attention. If you dedicate an entire machine to MySQL, you
can adjust the settings to take advantage of all the memory, CPU power, and I/O

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capacity available. MySQL can also scale up to clusters of machines, networked together.
MySQL Server was originally developed to handle large databases much faster than
existing solutions and has been successfully used in highly demanding production
environments for several years. Although under constant development, MySQL Server
today offers a rich and useful set of functions. Its connectivity, speed, and security make
MySQL Server highly suited for accessing databases on the Internet.

 MySQL Server works in client/server or embedded systems.

The MySQL Database Software is a client/server system that consists of a multi- threaded
SQL server that supports different backends, several different client programs and
libraries, administrative tools, and a wide range of application programming interfaces
(APIs).

 A large amount of contributed MySQL software is available.

MySQL Server has a practical set of features developed in close cooperation with our
users. It is very likely that your favorite application or language supports the MySQL
Database Server.
The official way to pronounce “MySQL” is “My Ess Que Ell” (not “my sequel”), but we
do not mind if you pronounce it as “my sequel” or in some other localized way.

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7. SYSTEM DESIGN

7.1 SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE

Fig: System Architecture

7.2 DATA FLOW DIAGRAM

1. The DFD is also called as bubble chart. It is a simple graphical formalism that can be
used to represent a system in terms of input data to the system, various processing
carried out on this data, and the output data is generated by this system.

2. The data flow diagram (DFD) is one of the most important modeling tools. It is used to
model the system components. These components are the system process, the data used
by the process, an external entity that interacts with the system and the information
flows in the system.

3. DFD shows how the information moves through the system and how it is modified by a
series of transformations. It is a graphical technique that depicts information flow and
the transformations that are applied as data moves from input to output.

4. DFD is also known as bubble chart. A DFD may be used to represent a system at any
level of abstraction. DFD may be partitioned into levels that represent increasing
information flow and functional detail.

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Fig: Data Flow Diagram

UML DIAGRAMS

UML stands for Unified Modeling Language. UML is a standardized general-purpose

modeling language in the field of object-oriented software engineering. The standard is
managed, and was created by, the Object Management Group.

The goal is for UML to become a common language for creating models of object oriented
computer software. In its current form UML is comprised of two major components: a Meta-
model and a notation. In the future, some form of method or process may also be added to; or
associated with, UML.

The Unified Modeling Language is a standard language for specifying, Visualization,

Constructing and documenting the artifacts of software system, as well as for business modeling
and other non-software systems.

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The UML represents a collection of best engineering practices that have proven
successful in the modeling of large and complex systems.

The UML is a very important part of developing objects oriented software and the
software development process. The UML uses mostly graphical notations to express the design
of software projects.

GOALS:
The Primary goals in the design of the UML are as follows:

1. Provide users a ready-to-use, expressive visual modeling Language so that they can
develop and exchange meaningful models.
2. Provide extendibility and specialization mechanisms to extend the core concepts.
3. Be independent of particular programming languages and development process.
4. Provide a formal basis for understanding the modeling language.
5. Encourage the growth of OO tools market.
6. Support higher level development concepts such as collaborations, frameworks, patterns
and components.
7. Integrate best practices.

7.3 USE CASE DIAGRAM:

A use case diagram in the Unified Modeling Language (UML) is a type of behavioral
diagram defined by and created from a Use-case analysis. Its purpose is to present a graphical
overview of the functionality provided by a system in terms of actors, their goals (represented
as use cases), and any dependencies between those use cases. The main purpose of a use case
diagram is to show what system functions are performed for which actor. Roles of the actors in
the system can be depicted.

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Fig: Use Case Diagram

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7.4 CLASS DIAGRAM

In software engineering, a class diagram in the Unified Modeling Language (UML) is a
type of static diagram that describes the structure of a system by showing the system's classes,
their attributes, operations (or methods), and the relationships among the classes. It explains
which class contains information.

Fig: Class Diagram

7.5 SEQUENCE DIAGRAM

A sequence diagram in Unified Modeling Language (UML) is a kind of interaction

diagram that shows how processes operate with one another and in what order. It is a construct
of a Message Sequence Chart. Sequence diagrams are sometimes called event diagrams, event
scenarios, and timing diagrams.

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Fig: Sequence Diagram

7.6 ACTIVITY DIAGRAM

Activity diagrams are graphical representations of workflows of stepwise activities and

actions with support for choice, iteration and concurrency. In the Unified Modeling Language,
activity diagrams can be used to describe the business and operational step-by-step workflows
of components in a system. An activity diagram shows the overall flow of control.

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Services Admin

file upload Accept owners requests

cloud files Update time

self file
Owner unlock services

Cloud file

file services

self services

Accept

Fig: Activity Diagram

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INPUT DESIGN

The input design is the link between the information system and the user. It comprises the
developing specification and procedures for data preparation and those steps are necessary to
put transaction data in to a usable form for processing can be achieved by inspecting the
computer to read data from a written or printed document or it can occur by having people
keying the data directly into the system. The design of input focuses on controlling the amount
of input required, controlling the errors, avoiding delay, avoiding extra steps and keeping the
process simple. The input is designed in such a way so that it provides security and ease of use
with retaining the privacy.
Input Design considered the following things:

 What data should be given as input?

 How the data should be arranged or coded?

 The dialog to guide the operating personnel in providing input

 Methods for preparing input validations and steps to follow when error occur.

OBJECTIVES

1. Input Design is the process of converting a user-oriented description of the input into a
computer-based system. This design is important to avoid errors in the data input process and
show the correct direction to the management for getting correct information from the
computerized system.

2. It is achieved by creating user-friendly screens for the data entry to handle large volume of
data. The goal of designing input is to make data entry easier and to be free from errors. The
data entry screen is designed in such a way that all the data manipulates can be performed. It
also provides record viewing facilities.

3. When the data is entered it will check for its validity. Data can be entered with the help of
screens. Appropriate messages are provided as when needed so that the user will not be in maize
of instant. Thus the objective of input design is to create an input layout that is easy to follow.

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OUTPUT DESIGN

A quality output is one, which meets the requirements of the end user and presents the
information clearly. In any system results of processing are communicated to the users and to
other system through outputs. In output design it is determined how the information is to be
displaced for immediate need and also the hard copy output. It is the most important and direct
source information to the user. Efficient and intelligent output design improves the system’s
relationship to help user decision-making.

1. Designing computer output should proceed in an organized, well thought out manner; the
right output must be developed while ensuring that each output element is designed so that
people will find the system can use easily and effectively. When analysis design computer
output, they should Identify the specific output that is needed to meet the requirements.
2. Select methods for presenting information.
3. Create document, report, or other formats that contain information produced by the system.

OBJECTIVES
The output form of an information system should accomplish one or more of the following
objectives.
 Convey information about past activities, current status or projections of the
 Future.
 Signal important events, opportunities, problems, or warnings.
 Trigger an action.
 Confirm an action.

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8. IMPLEMENTATION
Implementation is the stage of the project when the theoretical design is turned out into a
working system. Thus it can be considered to be the most critical stage in achieving a successful
new system and in giving the user, confidence that the new system will work and be effective.

The implementation stage involves careful planning, investigation of the existing system
and it’s constraints on implementation, designing of methods to achieve changeover and
evaluation of changeover methods.

MODULES

After careful analysis the system has been identified to have the following modules:

1. Owner
2. Admin
3. Authorization center
4. Control center

MODULES DESCRIPTION

1. Owner

In the first step Data Owner was register into the application with time factor.In the
second step owner will get the access from the admin in the form of public key owner was
login into the application. In the third step owner login into the application then after the
owner will scan the QR code for secret key then after the owner will enter the both secret key
and public key within the time. After successful verification the owner will can perform his
actions like file upload File share, file view, file download operations. The owner time
attributes was expired he need to send the update request to the Admin.

2. Admin
The admin module will maintain the application server. The admin module will give the
authorization to the owner and send the public key to the owner. The admin will approve the
time update request which was requested by the owner. The admin will revoke the user when
was block.
.

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3. Authorization Center

During the authorization process, the subject is reflected to the identifiable subject
attributes in TFACM model according to the application information submitted voluntarily
by the subject. Then the access permission to the object represented by the object attributes is
setting. The subject Si submits the information and the valid access time period <T, t0> to the
authorization center. The tag generator receives the submission and generates the attribute tag
of Si=<AS1 AS2 􀄂 ASn>i according to the subject attributes set as well as the identity
certification which is returned back to the subject Si. The identity certification is used as a
digital proof of Si during the following access control process. The rule matching module
checks the attribute tag of the subject Si as well as the object attributes Oj and the access
actions <ax>. The time authorization module audits the submitted using time <T, t0>. If the
submission is rational, then the valid time tag is generated and added to the subject attribute
tag. Otherwise, the submission is sent back to the subject for the modifying. The subject
attributes tag with the valid time identification is authorized in the authorization center. And
the authorization information (Si, Oj, <ax>, <T, t0>)_Py is saved. So far, the authorization
process is finished.

4. Control Center
The control process is the checking and responding for the access request submitted by
the subject. During the control process, the identity information of the subject is checked at
the first, and then is the examination of the access permission. The core of the permission
judging module is the fine grit inspection mechanism based on the time restraint. The subject
requests for access and sends the identity certification to the Identity Center. After the
certificate of the subject’s identity, the access request information is sent to the access control
center. If the identity certificate is failed, the failure result of access requires is returned back
to the subject. The control center receives the subject access requires and gets the control
result after verify the authorization center and the access rules set under the fine grit
inspection mechanism based on the time restraint. Finally, the control result is returned back
to the subject and the object

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9. SAMPLE CODE
DBConnection.java:
package DBAction;

import java.sql.Connection;

import java.sql.DriverManager;

public class DBConnectionn {

public static Connection

con=null;
public static Connection getConnection(){
try {
Class.forName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver");
Connection
con=DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/grit","root","root");
if(con!=null){

return con;

else{

return con;

}}

catch(Exception e){

e.printStackTrace();

return con;}

ContentExtractor.java
package FileReador;

import java.io.BufferedReader;

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import java.io.IOException;

import java.io.InputStream;

import java.io.InputStreamReader;

public class ContentExtractor {

public static String getStringFromInputStream(InputStream is) {

BufferedReader br = null;

StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();

String line;

try {
br = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(is));
while ((line = br.readLine()) != null) {
sb.append(line + "\n");

} catch (IOException e) {

e.printStackTrace();

} finally {

if (br != null) {

try {

br.close();

} catch (IOException e) {

e.printStackTrace();

return sb.toString();

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QRCoder.java
/*
* To change this license header, choose License Headers in Project Properties.
* To change this template file, choose Tools | Templates
* and open the template in the editor.
*/

package com.javapapers.java;

import DBAction.DBConnectionn;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;

import java.io.File;

import java.io.FileInputStream;

import java.io.FileNotFoundException;

import java.io.IOException;

import java.util.Map;

import javax.imageio.ImageIO;
import com.google.zxing.BarcodeFormat;
import com.google.zxing.BinaryBitmap;
import com.google.zxing.MultiFormatReader;
import com.google.zxing.MultiFormatWriter;
import com.google.zxing.NotFoundException;
import com.google.zxing.Result;
import com.google.zxing.WriterException;
import com.google.zxing.client.j2se.BufferedImageLuminanceSource;
import com.google.zxing.client.j2se.MatrixToImageWriter;
import com.google.zxing.common.BitMatrix;
import com.google.zxing.common.HybridBinarizer;
import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.PreparedStatement;
import com.sun.mail.smtp.SMTPTransport;
import java.util.Properties;
import javax.mail.Message;
import javax.mail.MessagingException;

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import javax.mail.PasswordAuthentication;
import javax.mail.Session;
import javax.mail.Transport;
import javax.mail.URLName;
import javax.mail.internet.InternetAddress;
import javax.mail.internet.MimeMessage;
public class QRCoder extends HttpServlet {
public static void createQRCode(String qrCodeData, String filePath,
String charset, Map hintMap, int qrCodeheight, int qrCodewidth)
throws WriterException, IOException {
System.out.println(filePath);
BitMatrix matrix = new MultiFormatWriter().encode(new String(qrCodeData.getBytes(charset),
charset),
BarcodeFormat.QR_CODE, qrCodewidth, qrCodeheight, hintMap);
MatrixToImageWriter.writeToFile(matrix, filePath.substring(filePath.lastIndexOf('.') + 1), new
File(filePath));
}
public static String readQRCode(String filePath, String charset, Map hintMap)throws
FileNotFoundException, IOException, NotFoundException {
BinaryBitmap binaryBitmap = new BinaryBitmap(new HybridBinarizer(new
BufferedImageLuminanceSource(ImageIO.read(new FileInputStream(filePath)))));
Result qrCodeResult = new MultiFormatReader().decode(binaryBitmap,hintMap);
return qrCodeResult.getText();
}
public static void upSkey(String skey,String email){
Connection con=null;
try {
con=DBConnectionn.getConnection();
String sqlquery="update owner set qrcode='"+skey+"' where email='"+email+"'";
PreparedStatement ps=con.prepareStatement(sqlquery);
ps.executeUpdate();
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
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}
public static void pSkey(String skey,String email,String time){
Connection con=null;
try {
con=DBConnectionn.getConnection();
String sqlquery="update owner set publickey='"+skey+"',timeinterval='"+time+"' where
email='"+email+"'";
PreparedStatement ps=con.prepareStatement(sqlquery);
ps.executeUpdate();
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
public static void dreq(String email){
System.out.println("hi tisd dksfgkljdf");
Connection con=null;
try {
con=DBConnectionn.getConnection();
String sqlquery="delete from otimereq where email='"+email+"'";
PreparedStatement ps=con.prepareStatement(sqlquery);
ps.executeUpdate();
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
public static boolean sendMail(String msg, String userid, String to) {
Properties props = new Properties();
props.put("mail.smtp.host", "smtp.gmail.com");
props.put("mail.smtp.socketFactory.port", "465");

props.put("mail.smtp.socketFactory.class",
"javax.net.ssl.SSLSocketFactory");
props.put("mail.smtp.auth", "true");
props.put("mail.smtp.port", "465");
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// Assuming you are sending email from localhost

Session session = Session.getDefaultInstance(props,
new javax.mail.Authenticator() {
protected PasswordAuthentication getPasswordAuthentication() {
return new PasswordAuthentication("[email protected]","lx160cm@1");
}
});
try {
Message message = new MimeMessage(session);
message.setFrom(new InternetAddress(userid));
message.setRecipients(Message.RecipientType.TO,
InternetAddress.parse(to));
message.setSubject("File Acess key ");
message.setText(msg);
Transport.send(message);
return true;
} catch (MessagingException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
return false;
// throw new RuntimeException(e);
}
}
public static void uSkey(String skey,String email){
Connection con=null;
try {
System.out.println("pskey "+skey+" "+email);
con=DBConnectionn.getConnection();
String sqlquery="update owner set publickey='"+skey+"' where email='"+email+"'";
PreparedStatement ps=con.prepareStatement(sqlquery);

ps.executeUpdate();
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
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}
public static void uwkey(String email,int count){
Connection con=null;
try {
con=DBConnectionn.getConnection();
String sqlquery="update owner set count='"+count+"' where email='"+email+"'";
PreparedStatement ps=con.prepareStatement(sqlquery);
ps.executeUpdate();
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
public static void nSkey(String skey,String email){
Connection con=null;
try {
System.out.println("pskey "+skey+" "+email);
con=DBConnectionn.getConnection();
String sqlquery="update owner set publickey='"+skey+"' where email='"+email+"'";
PreparedStatement ps=con.prepareStatement(sqlquery);
ps.executeUpdate();
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
public static int ubOwner(String email){
Connection con=null;
int count=0;
int k=0;
try {

con=DBConnectionn.getConnection();
String sqlquery="update owner set count='"+count+"' where email='"+email+"'";
PreparedStatement ps=con.prepareStatement(sqlquery);
k=ps.executeUpdate();
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} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
return k; }
public static int tkey(String email, String time,String date){
Connection con=null;
int i=0;
try {
String publickey="requested";
con=DBConnectionn.getConnection();
String sqlquery="insert into otimereq(email,reqstatus,timeinterval)values(?,?,?)";
PreparedStatement ps=con.prepareStatement(sqlquery);
ps.setString(1, email);
ps.setString(2, publickey);
ps.setString(3, date+"-"+time);
i=ps.executeUpdate();
if(i>0){
System.out.println("ram is here");

}else{
System.out.println("fail");
}

} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
return i;
}
}

Signin.java
package action;
import DBAction.DBConnectionn;
import com.google.zxing.EncodeHintType;

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0.53
All rights reserved | Java Developer
<!-- Link back to Colorlib can't be removed. Template is licensed under CC BY 3.0. --></h5>
</div>
<div class="float-sm-right">
<ul>
<li><a href="#"><i class="fa fa-pinterest"></i></a></li>
<li><a href="#"><i class="fa fa-facebook"></i></a></li>
<li><a href="#"><i class="fa fa-twitter"></i></a></li>
<li><a href="#"><i class="fa fa-dribbble"></i></a></li>
<li><a href="#"><i class="fa fa-behance"></i></a></li>
<li><a href="#"><i class="fa fa-linkedin"></i></a></li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</footer>
<!--================End Footer Area =================-->

</body>

</html>

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9. SCREENSHOTS

Home Page

Fig: Home Page

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Base Idea Register Page

Fig: Base Idea

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Data Owner Registration page

Fig: Data Owner Registration

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Admin Home Page

Fig: Admin Home page

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Owner Activation Services

Fig: Owner Activation

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Owner Activated Services

Fig: Owner Activated

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Owner Sign-in Page

Fig: Owner Signin

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Public Key Generated

Fig: Public Key

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Owner Verification based on Secret Key

Fig: Owner Verification

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File Upload

Fig: File Upload

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Owner Cloud File

Fig: Cloud File

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Visibility of Data File

Fig: File Data

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Downloaded Cloud File

Fig: Cloud File

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10. SYSTEM TESTING

The purpose of testing is to discover errors. Testing is the process of trying to discover every
conceivable fault or weakness in a work product. It provides a way to check the functionality
of components, sub-assemblies, assemblies and/or a finished product It is the process of
exercising software with the intent of ensuring that the Software system meets its requirements
and user expectations and does not fail in an unacceptable manner. There are various types of
test. Each test type addresses a specific testing requirement.

TYPES OF TESTS

10.1 Unit Testing

Unit testing involves the design of test cases that validate that the internal program logic is
functioning properly, and that program inputs produce valid outputs. All decision branches and
internal code flow should be validated. It is the testing of individual software units of the
application .it is done after the completion of an individual unit before integration. This is a
structural testing, that relies on knowledge of its construction and is invasive. Unit tests perform
basic tests at component level and test a specific business process, application, and/or system
configuration. Unit tests ensure that each unique path of a business process performs accurately
to the documented specifications and contains clearly defined inputs and expected results.

10.2 Integration Testing

Integration tests are designed to test integrated software components to determine if they
actually run as one program. Testing is event driven and is more concerned with the basic
outcome of screens or fields. Integration tests demonstrate that although the components were
individually satisfaction, as shown by successfully unit testing, the combination of components
is correct and consistent. Integration testing is specifically aimed at exposing the problems that
arise from the combination of components.

10.3 Functional Testing

Functional tests provide systematic demonstrations that functions tested are available as
specified by the business and technical requirements, system documentation.

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Functional testing is centered on the following items:

Valid Input : identified classes of valid input must be accepted.
Invalid Input : identified classes of invalid input must be rejected.
Functions : identified functions must be exercised.
Output : identified classes of application outputs must be exercised.
Systems/Procedures : interfacing systems or procedures must be invoked.
Organization and preparation of functional tests is focused on requirements, key functions,
or special test cases. In addition, systematic coverage pertaining to identify Business process
flows; data fields, predefined processes, and successive processes must be considered for
testing. Before functional testing is complete, additional tests are identified and the effective
value of current tests is determined.

System Test
System testing ensures that the entire integrated software system meets requirements. It tests a
configuration to ensure known and predictable results. An example of system testing is the
configuration oriented system integration test. System testing is based on process descriptions
and flows, emphasizing pre-driven process links and integration points.

White Box Testing

White Box Testing is a testing in which in which the software tester has knowledge of the inner
workings, structure and language of the software, or at least its purpose. It is purpose. It is used
to test areas that cannot be reached from a black box level.

Black Box Testing

Black Box Testing is testing the software without any knowledge of the inner workings,
structure or language of the module being tested. Black box tests, as most other kinds of tests,
must be written from a definitive source document, such as specification or requirements
document, such as specification or requirements document. It is a testing in which the software
under test is treated, as a black box .you cannot “see” into it. The test provides inputs and
responds to outputs without considering how the software works.

Unit Testing:
Unit testing is usually conducted as part of a combined code and unit test phase of the

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software lifecycle, although it is not uncommon for coding and unit testing to be conducted as
two distinct phases.

Test strategy and approach

Field testing will be performed manually and functional tests will be written in detail.

Test objectives

 All field entries must work properly.

 Pages must be activated from the identified link.

 The entry screen, messages and responses must not be delayed.

Features to be tested
 Verify that the entries are of the correct format.
 No duplicate entries should be allowed.
 All links should take the user to the correct page.

Integration Testing

Software integration testing is the incremental integration testing of two or more integrated
software components on a single platform to produce failures caused by interface defects.
The task of the integration test is to check that components or software applications,
e.g. components in a software system or – one step up – software applications at the company
level – interact without error.

Test Results:

All the test cases mentioned above passed successfully. No defects encountered.

Acceptance Testing
User Acceptance Testing is a critical phase of any project and requires significant participation
by the end user. It also ensures that the system meets the functional requirements.

Test Results:

All the test cases mentioned above passed successfully. No defects encountered.

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11. CONCLUSION
Even though existing cloud platforms are used as shared repositories, they do not support any
notion of shared ownership. We consider this a severe limitation because contributing parties
cannot jointly decide how their resources are used.
In this paper, we introduced a novel concept of shared ownership and we described it
through a formal access control model, called SOM. We then propose two possible
instantiations of our proposed shared ownership model. Our first solution, called Commune,
relies on secure file dispersal and collusion-resistant secret sharing to ensure that all access
grants in the cloud require the support of an agreed threshold of owners. As such, Commune
can be used in existing agnostic clouds without modifications to the platforms. Our second
solution, dubbed Comrade, leverages the blockchain technology in order to reach consensus on
access control decision. Unlike Commune, Comrade requires that the cloud is able to translate
access control decisions that achieved consensus in the block chain into storage access control
rules. Comrade, however, shows better performance than Commune. Given the rise of personal
clouds (e.g., [9], [10]), we argue that Commune and Comrade find direct applicability in setting
up shared repositories that are distributively managed atop of the various personal clouds owned
by users. We therefore hope that our findings motivate further research in this area.

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12. BIBLIOGRAPHY

[1] The Treacherous 12-Top Threats to Cloud Computing + Industry Insights [R].
https://CloudSecurityalliance.org/group/top-treats.

[2] Wang Jingyu, GuRuichum. Cloud Computing-Oriented Access Control Technology

[M].Science Press.

[3]Lin C, Feng FJ, Li FS. Access Control in New Network Environment [J]. Journal of
software, 2007,18(4):955-966.

[4] Ferraio D, Kuhn DR. Role-Based Access Control[C]. In:Proc. of the 15th National
Computer Security Conf.1992.554-563.

[5] Sandhu R, Bhamidipati V, Munawer Q. The ARBAC97 Model for Role-Based

Administration of Roles [J]. ACM Trans. On Information and System Security (TISSEC),
1992,2(1):105-135.

[6] Kaur PJ, Kaushal S. Security concerns in Cloud Computing [c]. In:Proc. of the HPAGC
2011.CCIS 169,2011:103-112.

[7] Curry S, Darbyshire J, Fisher DW, Hartman B, Herrod S, kumar V, Martins F, Orrin S, Wolf
DE. Infrastructure Security: Getting to the Bottom of compliance in the cloud. The Security
Division of EMC,2010.

[8] Feng DG, Zhang M, Zhang Y, Xu Z, Study on Cloud Computing Security [J]. Journal of
software,2011,22(1):71-83.Wang XW, Zhao YM. A Task-Role-Based Access Control Model
for Cloud Computing [J]. Computer Engineering, 2012,38(24):9-13.

[9] Huang Y, Li KL, Model of Cloud Computing Oriented T-RBAC[J]. Application Research
of Computer ,2013,30(12):3735-3737.

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[10] Ei EM, Thinn TN. The Pricacy-Aware Access Control System Using Attribute- and Role-
Based Access Control in Private Cloud [C]. In: Proc. of the 2011 4th IEEE Ic.BNM,
2011:447-451.

[11] Huang JW, David MN, Rakesh B, Jun HH. A Framework Integrating Attribute-Based
Policies into Role-Based Access Control [C]. In:Prc. of the SCMAT 2012,2012:187-196.

[12] Factor M, Hadas D, Hamama A, Har'el N, Kolodner EK. Secure Logical Isolation for
Multi-Tenancy in Cloud Storage [C]. In:Proc. of the 29th SYMP. On Mass Storage Systems
and Technologies, IEEE, 2013:1-5.

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