1.

Demography:
 It refers to the study of population.
 It focuses on five aspects: (1) size, (2) geographic distribution, (3) composition, (4) the components
of change (births, deaths, migration), and (5) the determinants and consequences of population
change.
 It includes statistical factors that influence population growth or decline. These are: population size,
density, age structure, fecundity (birth rates), mortality (death rates), and sex ratio.
 Most demographic concepts are expressed as rates or ratios.
 Statistical concepts essential to demography include birth rate, death rate, infant mortality rate,
fertility rate, and life expectancy.

2. The current crude birth rate of the world is 18.9 per 1000 population and death rate is 7.5 per 1000
population.
WORLD BIRTH AND DEATH RATES:

BIRTH RATE DEATH RATE

401,300 births per day 158,686 deaths per day

16,720 births each hour 6,611 deaths each hour

3. Birth Rate is the term used to define the number of babies born every year per 1000 people in a
population. Death Rate is the term used to define the number of deaths every year per 1000 people in a
population. Birth rate is the number of births per 1,000 people and death rate is the number of deaths
per 1,000 people.

4. Rate of natural increase (RNI):

 It is also known as natural population change.
 It is defined as the birth rate minus the death rate of a particular population over a particular time
period.
 It is typically expressed either as a number per 1,000 individuals in the population or as a
percentage.
 Natural increase in a population occurs where Birth rate is greater than death rate. That is, there
are more births than deaths in that population in a year.
 Natural decrease occurs when death rate is greater than birth rate. This means that more deaths
occur in a population than babies are born, so population numbers decline.

5. Worldwide, around 385,000 babies are born each day.

6. Healthy birth rate:

 Birth rates ranging from 20 to 40 births per 1,000 may be considered as healthy birth rate.
 Birth rates ranging from 10 to 20 births per 1,000 are considered low, while rates from 40 to 50
births per 1,000 are considered high.
 There are problems associated with high birth rates, and there may be problems associated with
low birth rates.
7. Which country has the lowest birth rate?
 Monaco has the lowest birth rate in the world at 6.63 average annual births per 1,000 people per
year.

8. Which country has the highest birth rate ?

 In 2021, the fertility rate in Niger was estimated to be 6.91 children per woman. With a fertility rate
of almost 7 children per woman, Niger is the country with the highest fertility rate in the world
followed by Mali.

9. The crude birth rate is 18.2 births per 1,000 population or 267 births globally per minute or 4.5 births every
second (2018 estimate).

10. What is the rarest month to be born in?

 February is the least common birth month.

11. What country has the lowest death rate?

 Qatar has the lowest mortality rate in the world at 1.2 deaths per 1,000 people.

12. How is the natural increase found?

Natural Increase (per cent) = (Birth rate - death rate)/10
13.

If birth rate is higher than death rate = Larger

If Death rate is higher than birth rate = Smaller
Population or a Natural increase in the population
Population or a natural decrease in the population
size

14. Birth rate in India:

 2.20 births per woman.
 There are 24.02 million births in India in 2021. That is 65,797 per day, which is ranked 1st.
 The crude birth rate is 17.23 per 1000 people.

15. What is the population of India in 2021?

 The population of India is projected at 1,393,409,038 or 1.39 billion or 1393.4 million or 139
crore as of July 1, 2021.
16. What is birth rate and death rate in India?
 17.1 births/1,000 population (2021 est.) 7.3 deaths/1,000 population (2021 est.)
 There are 10.23 million deaths in India in 2021.

17. What is daily birth rate in India?

 Every day 67,385 babies are born in India, that's one sixth of the world's child births. Every minute
one of these newborns dies.

18. What is birth rate and death rate in India? 17.1 births/1,000 population (2021 est.) 7.3 deaths/1,000
population (2021 est.)

19. Is the birth rate declining in India?

  India made history recently. Decades of government efforts to control the population growth are
finally showing the much-needed result.
 The Total Fertility Rate (TFR) -- which is the average number of children who would be born to any
women in her lifetime – has declined from 2.2 in 2015-16 to 2.0 in 2019-21
 The Total Fertility Rate is the average number of children born per woman of child-bearing age in a
country.

20. Which country has lowest FERTILITY rate?

 In 2021, the fertility rate in Taiwan was estimated to be at 1.07 children per woman, making it the
lowest fertility rate worldwide.

21. Which country has highest FERTILITY rate?

 With a fertility rate of almost 7 children per woman, Niger is the country with the highest fertility
rate in the world followed by Mali.
 The total population of Niger is growing at a fast pace. The population growth in Niger is amongst
the top 10 highest in the world.

22. Who was the first baby born on earth? Virginia Dare (born August 18, 1587, in Roanoke Colony, date of
death unknown) was the first English child born in a New World English colony.

Virginia Dare

Known for first English child born in the New World

Parents Ananias Dare (father) Eleanor White (mother)

23. What is the formula for birth rate?

 To determine the crude birth rate, the number of live births in a year is divided by the population
size, and this result is then multiplied by 1,000.

24. What is the formula of death rate?

 death rate = deaths / population * 10n , where,
deaths - Deaths measured within specified time interval for a certain population;
n - The exponent and gives you the answer per every 10n people.

25. What is CBR and CDR?

 Both the crude birthrate (CBR) and the crude death rate (CDR) represent a simple concept: the
number of births or deaths which occur in a given year per 1000 population. They can also be used
to calculate another fundamental measure, the rate of natural increase.
26. How is birth rate calculated India?
 The birth rate in a period is the total number of live births per 1,000 population divided by the
length of the period in years.
27. What is population growth formula?
 Change in Population Size = (Births + Immigration) - (Deaths + Emigration).
 It can be expressed as a Percentage.
  Crude Birth Rate (CBR) - annual number of live births per 1000 people in a given area.
 Crude Death Rate (CDR) - annual number of deaths per 1000 people in a given area.
 Annual Population Growth Rate (%) = (Annual Population Change / total population) x 100
 Zero Population Growth (ZPG)—the birth rate (plus immigration) equals the death rate (plus
emigration) so that the population in a given area is neither increasing or decreasing.
 Infant Mortality Rate—number of babies who die before 1 year of age per 1000 live births
 Child Mortality Rate—number of children who die before 5 years of age per 1000 live births
 Life Expectancy (at birth)—the average number of years that a newborn baby is expected to live, if
current death rates do not change.

Annual Rate of Population Change (%) = 100 (Change in Pop/Total Pop)

Crude Birth Rate (CBR) = Annual number of live births per 1000 population
Crude Death Rate (CDR) = Annual number of deaths per 1000 population

Ignoring Migration (Immigration and Emigration) then

Annual Rate of Population Change (%) = (CBR - CDR)/10

Doubling Time (Years) = 70/ Percent Annual Rate of Population Change

28. Age structure of india : In 2020, about 26.16 percent of the Indian population fell into the 0-14 year
category, 67.27 percent into the 15-64 age group and 6.57 percent were over 65 years of age. India is one
of the largest countries in the world and its population is constantly increasing.

29. What is a age structure?

 The composition of a population in terms of the proportions of individuals of different ages;
 It is represented as a bar graph with younger ages at the bottom and males and females on either
side.
 It is a natural characteristic of a population in a country or a region. The age structure is closely
related to the birth rate, death rate and migration of a population.

30. What are the 3 categories of age structure?

 It is common in demography to split the population into three broad age groups: children and
young adolescents (under 15 years old) the working-age population (15-64 years) and. the elderly
population (65 years and older)

31. What is the age structure of the country?

 The age structure of a country has a strong impact on society and the economy.
 If the proportion of 0–14-year-olds is very high, there may be a so-called youth bulge.
 If, on the other hand, the proportion of over 65 is very high, the social systems of a country can be
heavily burdened.

32. What is age structure and importance?

 The age structure of a population is the distribution of people of various ages.
 It is a useful tool for social scientists, public health and health care experts, policy analysts, and
policy-makers because it illustrates population trends like rates of births and deaths.
33. What are the 4 general types of age structure diagrams?
 The different age-structure diagrams are represented by different shapes. Four general types are
the pyramid, column, an inverted pyramid (top-heavy), and a column with a bulge.

34. What is fertility and its determinants?

 Fertility refers to the ability of an individual or couple to reproduce through normal sexual activity.
 In the mid-1950s Davis and Blake proposed eleven proximate determinants of fertility which
include: the proportion of married women; prevalence of contraception; rate of induced abortion,
frequency of sexual intercourse; sterility; and spontaneous intrauterine mortality and duration of
the fertile period.

35. What is fertility in a woman?

 Female fertility is a woman's ability to conceive a biological child.
 The sperm and uterus work together to move the sperm towards the fallopian tubes. If an egg is
moving through your fallopian tubes at the same time, the sperm and egg can join together. The
sperm has up to six days to join with an egg before it dies. When a sperm cell joins with an egg, it's
called fertilization.
 Fertility relates to our ability to be able to reproduce. In short, being fertile means having the
ability to conceive, or have children.
 Women become fertile over a number of fertile days in the menstrual cycle, known as the fertile
window, or pregnancy window.