Subnetting Exercises

IP Address Classes
Class A 1 – 127 (Network 127 is reserved for loopback and internal testing)
Leading bit pattern 0 00000000.00000000.00000000.00000000
Network . Host . Host . Host

Class B 128 – 191 Leading bit pattern 10 10000000.00000000.00000000.00000000

Network . Network . Host . Host

Class C 192 – 223 Leading bit pattern 110 11000000.00000000.00000000.00000000

Network . Network . Network . Host

Class D 224 – 239 (Reserved for multicast)

Class E 240 – 255 (Reserved for experimental, used for research)

Private Address Space

Class A 10.0.0.0 to 10.255.255.255

Class B 172.16.0.0 to 172.31.255.255

Class C 192.168.0.0 to 192.168.255.255

Default Subnet Masks

Class A 255.0.0.0

Class B 255.255.0.0

Class C 255.255.255.0

Produced by: Robb Jones

[email protected]
Frederick County Career & Technology Center
Cisco Networking Academy
Frederick County Public Schools
Frederick, Maryland, USA

Special Thanks to Melvin Baker and Jim Dorsch

for taking the time to check this workbook for errors,
and to everyone who has sent in suggestions to improve the series.

Workbooks included in the series:

IP Addressing and Subnetting Workbooks

ACLs - Access Lists Workbooks
VLSM Variable-Length Subnet Mask IWorkbooks

Inside Cover
 ANDING With
Custom subnet masks

When you take a single network such as 192.100.10.0 and divide it into five smaller networks
(192.100.10.16, 192.100.10.32, 192.100.10.48, 192.100.10.64, 192.100.10.80) the outside
world still sees the network as 192.100.10.0, but the internal computers and routers see five
smaller subnetworks. Each independent of the other. This can only be accomplished by using
a custom subnet mask. A custom subnet mask borrows bits from the host portion of the
address to create a subnetwork address between the network and host portions of an IP
address. In this example each range has 14 usable addresses in it. The computer must still
AND the IP address against the custom subnet mask to see what the network portion is and
which subnetwork it belongs to.

IP Address: 192 . 100 . 10 . 0

Custom Subnet Mask: 255.255.255.240

Address Ranges: 192.10.10.0 to 192.100.10.15

192.100.10.16 to 192.100.10.31
192.100.10.32 to 192.100.10.47 (Range in the sample below)
192.100.10.48 to 192.100.10.63
192.100.10.64 to 192.100.10.79
192.100.10.80 to 192.100.10.95
192.100.10.96 to 192.100.10.111
192.100.10.112 to 192.100.10.127
192.100.10.128 to 192.100.10.143
192.100.10.144 to 192.100.10.159
192.100.10.160 to 192.100.10.175
192.100.10.176 to 192.100.10.191
192.100.10.192 to 192.100.10.207
192.100.10.208 to 192.100.10.223
192.100.10.224 to 192.100.10.239
192.100.10.240 to 192.100.10.255

Sub
Network Network Host
IP Address: 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 . 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 . 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 . 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 (192 . 100 . 10 . 33)
Custom Subnet Mask: 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 . 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 . 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 . 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 (255 . 255 . 255 . 240)
AND: 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 . 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 . 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 . 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 (192 . 100 . 10 . 32)

Four bits borrowed from the host

portion of the address for the
custom subnet mask.
The ANDING process of the four borrowed bits
shows which range of IP addresses this
particular address will fall into.

In the next set of problems you will determine the necessary information to determine the
correct subnet mask for a variety of IP addresses.
9
 How to determine the number of subnets and the
number of hosts per subnet
Two formulas can provide this basic information:

Number of subnets = 2 s (Second subnet formula: Number of subnets = 2s - 2)

Number of hosts per subnet = 2 h - 2

Both formulas calculate the number of hosts or subnets based on the number of binary bits
used. For example if you borrow three bits from the host portion of the address use the
number of subnets formula to determine the total number of subnets gained by borrowing the
three bits. This would be 23 or 2 x 2 x 2 = 8 subnets

To determine the number of hosts per subnet you would take the number of binary bits used in
the host portion and apply this to the number of hosts per subnet formula If five bits are in the
host portion of the address this would be 2 5 or 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 = 32 hosts.

When dealing with the number of hosts per subnet you have to subtract two addresses from
the range. The first address in every range is the subnet number. The last address in every
range is the broadcast address. These two addresses cannot be assigned to any device in
the network which is why you have to subtract two addresses to find the number of usable
addresses in each range.

For example if two bits are borrowed for the network portion of the address you can easily
determine the number of subnets and hosts per subnets using the two formulas.

195. 223 . 50 . 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

The number of subnets The number of hosts created by

created by borrowing 2 leaving 6 bits is 26 - 2 or
bits is 2 2 or 2 x 2 = 4 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 = 64 - 2 = 62
subnets. usable hosts per subnet.

What about that second subnet formula:

s
Number of subnets = 2 - 2

In some instances the first and last subnet range of addresses are reserved. This is similar to
the first and last host addresses in each range of addreses.

The first range of addresses is the zero subnet. The subnet number for the zero subnet is
also the subnet number for the classful subnet address.

The last range of addresses is the broadcast subnet. The broadcast address for the last
subnet in the broadcast subnet is the same as the classful broadcast address.
10
Class C Address unsubnetted:

195. 223 . 50 . 0

195.223.50.0 to 195.223.50.255
Notice that the subnet and
broadcast addresses match.
Class C Address subnetted (2 bits borrowed):

195. 223 . 50 . 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

(Invalid range) (0) 195.223.50.0 to 195.223.50.63

(1) 195.223.50.64 to 195.223.50.127
(2) 195.223.50.128 to 195.223.50.191
(Invalid range) (3) 195.223.50.192 to 195.223.50.255

The primary reason the the zero and broadcast subnets were not used had to do pirmarily with
the broadcast addresses. If you send a broadcast to 195.223.255 are you sending it to all 255
addresses in the classful C address or just the 62 usable addresses in the broadcast range?

The CCNA and CCENT certification exams may have questions which will require you to
determine which formula to use, and whehter or not you can use the first and last subnets. Use
the chart below to help decide.

When to use which formula to determine the number of subnets

s s
Use the 2 - 2 formula and don’t use the Use the 2 formula and use the zero and
zero and broadcast ranges if... broadcast ranges if...

Classful routing is used Classless routing or VLSM is used

RIP version 1 is used RIP version 2, EIGRP, or OSPF is used

The no ip subnet zero command is The ip subnet zero command is

configured on your router configured on your router (default setting)

No other clues are given

Bottom line for the CCNA exams; if a question does not give you any clues as to whether or not
to allow these two subnets, assume you can use them.
s
This workbook has you use the number of subnets = 2 formula.

11
 Custom Subnet Masks

Problem 1
Number of needed subnets 14
Number of needed usable hosts 14
Network Address 192.10.10.0

C
Address class __________

255 . 255 . 255 . 0

Default subnet mask _______________________________

255 . 255 . 255 . 240

Custom subnet mask _______________________________

16
Total number of subnets ___________________

16
Total number of host addresses ___________________

14
Number of usable addresses ___________________

4
Number of bits borrowed ___________________

Show your work for Problem 1 in the space below.

Number of
256 128 64 32 16 8 4 2 - Hosts
Number of
Subnets - 2 4 8 16 32 64 128 256
128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1 - Binary values

192 . 10 . 10 . 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

128
16 Observe the total number of
Add the binary value
64 hosts.
numbers to the left of the line to
-2
32
14
create the custom subnet mask. Subtract 2 for the number of

+16
usable hosts.

240

12
 Custom Subnet Masks

Problem 2
Number of needed subnets 1000
Number of needed usable hosts 60
Network Address 165.100.0.0

B
Address class __________

255 . 255 . 0 . 0
Default subnet mask _______________________________

255 . 255 . 255 . 192

Custom subnet mask _______________________________

1,024
Total number of subnets ___________________

64
Total number of host addresses ___________________

62
Number of usable addresses ___________________

10
Number of bits borrowed ___________________

Show your work for Problem 2 in the space below.

65,

32,

16,3

4,0

2,0

1,02
8,19

512
536

768

Number of
84

96

48

. 256 128 64 32 16 8 4 2
2

Hosts -

65,
32,
16,3
4,0
102

204

8,19

536
512

Number of
768
84
96

Subnets - 2 4 8 16 32 64 128 256.

2
4

Binary values - 128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1 . 128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1

165 . 100 . 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
128 128
64 +64
32 192 64
Observe the total number of
16 hosts.
Add the binary value
numbers to the left of the line to 8 -2
62
Subtract 2 for the number of
create the custom subnet mask.
4 usable hosts.

2
+1
255
13
 Custom Subnet Masks

Problem 3 /26 indicates the total number of

bits used for the network and
subnetwork portion of the
Network Address 148.75.0.0 /26 address. All bits remaining belong
to the host portion of the address.
B
Address class __________

255 . 255 . 0 . 0
Default subnet mask _______________________________

255 . 255 . 255 . 192

Custom subnet mask _______________________________

1,024
Total number of subnets ___________________

64
Total number of host addresses ___________________

62
Number of usable addresses ___________________

10
Number of bits borrowed ___________________

Show your work for Problem 3 in the space below.

65,

32,

16,3

4,0

2,0

1,02
8,19

512
536

768

Number of
84

96

48

. 256 128 64 32 16 8 4 2
2

Hosts -

65,
32,
16,3
4,0
102

204

8,19

536
512

Number of 768
84
96

Subnets - 2 4 8 16 32 64 128 256.

2
4

Binary values - 128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1 . 128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1

148 . 75 . 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
128 128
64 +64
32 192 64
Observe the total number of
16 hosts.
Add the binary value
numbers to the left of the line to 8 -2
62
Subtract 2 for the number of
create the custom subnet mask.
4 usable hosts.

2 1024
+1 Subtract 2 for the total number of
-2
255
subnets to get the usable number of

1,022
subnets.

14
 Custom Subnet Masks

Problem 4
Number of needed subnets 6
Number of needed usable hosts 30
Network Address 210.100.56.0

Address class _______

Default subnet mask _______________________________

Custom subnet mask _______________________________

Total number of subnets ___________________

Total number of host addresses ___________________

Number of usable addresses ___________________

Number of bits borrowed ___________________

Show your work for Problem 4 in the space below.

Number of
256 128 64 32 16 8 4 2 - Hosts
Number of
Subnets - 2 4 8 16 32 64 128 256
128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1 - Binary values

210 . 100 . 56 . 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

15
 Custom Subnet Masks

Problem 5
Number of needed subnets 6
Number of needed usable hosts 30
Network Address 195.85.8.0

Address class _______

Default subnet mask _______________________________

Custom subnet mask _______________________________

Total number of subnets ___________________

Total number of host addresses ___________________

Number of usable addresses ___________________

Number of bits borrowed ___________________

Show your work for Problem 5 in the space below.

Number of
256 128 64 32 16 8 4 2 - Hosts
Number of
Subnets - 2 4 8 16 32 64 128 256
128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1 - Binary values

195 . 85 . 8 . 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

16
 Custom Subnet Masks

Problem 6
Number of needed subnets 126
Number of needed usable hosts 131,070
Network Address 118.0.0.0

Address class _______

Default subnet mask _______________________________

Custom subnet mask _______________________________

Total number of subnets ___________________

Total number of host addresses ___________________

Number of usable addresses ___________________

Number of bits borrowed ___________________

Show your work for Problem 6 in the space below.

4,19

2,09

1,04

52

262

131

65,5

32,7

16,3

4,0

2,0

1,02
4,2
4,30

8,19
8,57
7,15

Number of
,07
,144

512

. 256 128 64 32 16 8 4 2
36

96

48
84

Hosts
68

-
88

2
2

2
4

4
6

1,04

2,09

4,19
262

52
131
65,5
32,7
16,3
1,02

2,0

4,0

4,2

4,30
8,19

8,57

7,15

Number of
,07

,144
512

.
36
48

96

84

68

Subnets - 2 4 8 16 32 64 128 256 .

88
2

2
4

4
6

Binary values -128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1 . 128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1 . 128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1

118. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

17
 Custom Subnet Masks

Problem 7
Number of needed subnets 2000
Number of needed usable hosts 15
Network Address 178.100.0.0

Address class __________

Default subnet mask _______________________________

Custom subnet mask _______________________________

Total number of subnets ___________________

Total number of host addresses ___________________

Number of usable addresses ___________________

Number of bits borrowed ___________________

Show your work for Problem 7 in the space below.

65,

32,

16,3

4,0

2,0

1,02
8,19

512
536

768

Number of
84

96

48

. 256 128 64 32 16 8 4 2
2

Hosts -

65,
32,
16,3
4,0
102

204

8,19

536
512

Number of
768
84
96

Subnets - 2 4 8 16 32 64 128 256.

2
4

Binary values - 128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1 . 128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1

178 . 100 . 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

18
 Custom Subnet Masks

Problem 8
Number of needed subnets 3
Number of needed usable hosts 45
Network Address 200.175.14.0

Address class _______

Default subnet mask _______________________________

Custom subnet mask _______________________________

Total number of subnets ___________________

Total number of host addresses ___________________

Number of usable addresses ___________________

Number of bits borrowed ___________________

Show your work for Problem 8 in the space below.

19
 Custom Subnet Masks

Problem 9
Number of needed subnets 60
Number of needed usable hosts 1,000
Network Address 128.77.0.0

Address class _______

Default subnet mask _______________________________

Custom subnet mask _______________________________

Total number of subnets ___________________

Total number of host addresses ___________________

Number of usable addresses ___________________

Number of bits borrowed ___________________

Show your work for Problem 9 in the space below.

20
 Custom Subnet Masks

Problem 10
Number of needed usable hosts 60
Network Address 198.100.10.0

Address class _______

Default subnet mask _______________________________

Custom subnet mask _______________________________

Total number of subnets ___________________

Total number of host addresses ___________________

Number of usable addresses ___________________

Number of bits borrowed ___________________

Show your work for Problem 10 in the space below.

21
 Custom Subnet Masks

Problem 11
Number of needed subnets 250
Network Address 101.0.0.0

Address class _______

Default subnet mask _______________________________

Custom subnet mask _______________________________

Total number of subnets ___________________

Total number of host addresses ___________________

Number of usable addresses ___________________

Number of bits borrowed ___________________

Show your work for Problem 11 in the space below.

22
 Custom Subnet Masks

Problem 12
Number of needed subnets 5
Network Address 218.35.50.0

Address class _______

Default subnet mask _______________________________

Custom subnet mask _______________________________

Total number of subnets ___________________

Total number of host addresses ___________________

Number of usable addresses ___________________

Number of bits borrowed ___________________

Show your work for Problem 12 in the space below.

23
 Custom Subnet Masks

Problem 13
Number of needed usable hosts 25
Network Address 218.35.50.0

Address class _______

Default subnet mask _______________________________

Custom subnet mask _______________________________

Total number of subnets ___________________

Total number of host addresses ___________________

Number of usable addresses ___________________

Number of bits borrowed ___________________

Show your work for Problem 13 in the space below.

24
 Custom Subnet Masks

Problem 14
Number of needed subnets 10
Network Address 172.59.0.0

Address class _______

Default subnet mask _______________________________

Custom subnet mask _______________________________

Total number of subnets ___________________

Total number of host addresses ___________________

Number of usable addresses ___________________

Number of bits borrowed ___________________

Show your work for Problem 14 in the space below.

25
 Custom Subnet Masks

Problem 15
Number of needed usable hosts 50
Network Address 172.59.0.0

Address class _______

Default subnet mask _______________________________

Custom subnet mask _______________________________

Total number of subnets ___________________

Total number of host addresses ___________________

Number of usable addresses ___________________

Number of bits borrowed ___________________

Show your work for Problem 15 in the space below.

26
 Custom Subnet Masks

Problem 16
Number of needed usable hosts 29
Network Address 23.0.0.0

Address class _______

Default subnet mask _______________________________

Custom subnet mask _______________________________

Total number of subnets ___________________

Total number of host addresses ___________________

Number of usable addresses ___________________

Number of bits borrowed ___________________

Show your work for Problem 16 in the space below.

27
 Subnetting

Problem 1
Number of needed subnets 14
Number of needed usable hosts 14
Network Address 192.10.10.0

C
Address class __________

255 . 255 . 255 . 0

Default subnet mask _______________________________

255 . 255 . 255 . 240

Custom subnet mask _______________________________

16
Total number of subnets ___________________

16
Total number of host addresses ___________________

14
Number of usable addresses ___________________

4
Number of bits borrowed ___________________

What is the 4th

192.10.10.48 to 192.10.10.63
subnet range? _______________________________________________

What is the subnet number

192 . 10 . 10 . 112
for the 8th subnet? ________________________

What is the subnet

broadcast address for
192 . 10 . 10 . 207
the 13th subnet? ________________________

What are the assignable

addresses for the 9th
192.10.10.129 to 192.10.10.142
subnet? ______________________________________

28
 Show your work for Problem 1 in the space below.

Number of
256 128 64 32 16 8 4 2 - Hosts
Number of
Subnets - 2 4 8 16 32 64 128 256
128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1 - Binary values

192. 10 . 10 . 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

(0) 0 0 0 0 192.10.10.0 to 192.10.10.15

(1) 0 0 0 1 192.10.10.16 to 192.10.10.31
(2) 0 0 1 0 192.10.10.32 to 192.10.10.47
(3) 0 0 1 1 192.10.10.48 to 192.10.10.63
(4) 0 1 0 0 192.10.10.64 to 192.10.10.79
(5) 0 1 0 1 192.10.10.80 to 192.10.10.95
(6) 0 1 1 0 192.10.10.96 to 192.10.10.111
(7) 0 1 1 1 192.10.10.112 to 192.10.10.127
(8) 1 0 0 0 192.10.10.128 to 192.10.10.143
(9) 1 0 0 1 192.10.10.144 to 192.10.10.159
(10) 1 0 1 0 192.10.10.160 to 192.10.10.175
(11) 1 0 1 1 192.10.10.176 to 192.10.10.191
(12) 1 1 0 0 192.10.10.192 to 192.10.10.207
(13) 1 1 0 1 192.10.10.208 to 192.10.10.223
(14) 1 1 1 0 192.10.10.224 to 192.10.10.239
(15) 1 1 1 1 192.10.10.240 to 192.10.10.255

128
64
32 16 16
+16 -2 -2
240 14 14
Custom subnet Usable subnets Usable hosts
mask

The binary value of the last bit borrowed is the range. In this
problem the range is 16.

The first address in each subnet range is the subnet number.

The last address in each subnet range is the subnet broadcast

address.
29
 Subnetting

Problem 2
Number of needed subnets 1000
Number of needed usable hosts 60
Network Address 165.100.0.0

B
Address class __________

255 . 255 . 0 . 0
Default subnet mask _______________________________

255 . 255 . 255 . 192

Custom subnet mask _______________________________

1,024
Total number of subnets ___________________

64
Total number of host addresses ___________________

62
Number of usable addresses ___________________

10
Number of bits borrowed ___________________

What is the 15th

165.100.3.128 to 165.100.3.191
subnet range? _______________________________________________

What is the subnet number

165 . 100 . 1 . 64
for the 6th subnet? ________________________

What is the subnet

broadcast address for
165 . 100 . 1 . 127
the 6th subnet? ________________________

What are the assignable

addresses for the 9th
165.100.2.1 to 165.100.0.62
subnet? ______________________________________

30
 65,
32,
16,3
4,0
2,0

8,19
1,02
Number of

768
84
96
48
4
512

536
Hosts - . 256 128 64 32 16 8 4 2

65,

32,

16,3

4,0
8,19

102
204
Number of

512
96
84
768

4
8
2
536
Subnets - 2 4 8 16 32 64 128 256.
Binary values - 128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1 . 128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1
165 . 100 . 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
(0) . 0 165.100.0.0 to 165.100.0.63
(1) 1 165.100.0.64 to 165.100.0.127
64 128 1 0 165.100.0.128 to 165.100.0.191
(2) 1 1 165.100.0.192 to 165.100.0.255
Usable -2 64
hosts 62 (3)
32
(4) 1 . 0 0 165.100.1.0 to 165.100.1.63
16
(5) 1 . 0 1 165.100.1.64 to 165.100.1.127
8 1 . 1 0 165.100.1.128 to 165.100.1.191
Custom 128 4
(6)
1 . 1 165.100.1.192 to 165.100.1.255
1
subnet mask +64 (7)
2
192 (8) 1 0 . 0 0 165.100.2.0 to 165.100.0.63
+1
The binary value of the last bit borrowed is (9) 1 0 . 0 1 165.100.2.64 to 165.100.0.127
the range. In this problem the range is 64. 255
(10) 1 0 . 1 0 165.100.2.128 to 165.100.0.191
The first address in each subnet range is the 1 0 . 1 1 165.100.2.192 to 165.100.0.255
subnet number.
(11)
The last address in each subnet range is the
(12) 1 1 . 0 0 165.100.3.0 to 165.100.3.63
subnet broadcast address. (13) 1 1 . 0 1 165.100.3.64 to 165.100.3.127
(14) 1 1 . 1 0 165.100.3.128 to 165.100.3.191
(15) 1 1 . 1 1 165.100.3.192 to 165.100.3.255
Show your work for Problem 2 in the space below.

Down to
(1022) 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 . 1 0 165.100.255.128 to 165.100.255.191
(1023) 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 . 1 1 165.100.255.192 to 165.100.255.255

31
 Subnetting

Problem 3
Number of needed subnets 2
Network Address 195.223.50.0

Address class __________

Default subnet mask _______________________________

Custom subnet mask _______________________________

Total number of subnets ___________________

Total number of host addresses ___________________

Number of usable addresses ___________________

Number of bits borrowed ___________________

What is the 3rd

subnet range? _______________________________________________

What is the subnet number

for the 2nd subnet? ________________________

What is the subnet

broadcast address for
the 1st subnet? ________________________

What are the assignable

addresses for the 3rd
subnet? ______________________________________

32
 Show your work for Problem 3 in the space below.
Number of
256 128 64 32 16 8 4 2 - Hosts
Number of
Subnets - 2 4 8 16 32 64 128 256
128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1 - Binary values

195. 223 . 50 . 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

33
 Subnetting

Problem 4
Number of needed subnets 750
Network Address 190.35.0.0

Address class __________

Default subnet mask _______________________________

Custom subnet mask _______________________________

Total number of subnets ___________________

Total number of host addresses ___________________

Number of usable addresses ___________________

Number of bits borrowed ___________________

What is the 15th

subnet range? _______________________________________________

What is the subnet number

for the 13th subnet?
________________________
What is the subnet
broadcast address for
the 10th subnet?
________________________
What are the assignable
addresses for the 6th
subnet?
______________________________________

34
Show your work for Problem 4 in the space below.

35
 Subnetting

Problem 5
Number of needed usable hosts 6
Network Address 126.0.0.0

Address class __________

Default subnet mask _______________________________

Custom subnet mask _______________________________

Total number of subnets ___________________

Total number of host addresses ________________

Number of usable addresses ___________________

Number of bits borrowed ___________________

What is the 2nd

subnet range? _______________________________________________

What is the subnet number

for the 5th subnet? ________________________

What is the subnet

broadcast address for
the 7th subnet? ________________________

What are the assignable

addresses for the 10th
subnet? ______________________________________

36
Show your work for Problem 5 in the space below.

37
 Subnetting
Problem 6
Number of needed subnets 10
Network Address 192.70.10.0

Address class __________

Default subnet mask _______________________________

Custom subnet mask _______________________________

Total number of subnets ___________________

Total number of host addresses ___________________

Number of usable addresses ___________________

Number of bits borrowed ___________________

What is the 9th

subnet range? _______________________________________________

What is the subnet number

for the 4th subnet? ________________________

What is the subnet

broadcast address for
the 12th subnet? ________________________

What are the assignable

addresses for the 10th
subnet? ______________________________________

38
Show your work for Problem 6 in the space below.

39
 Subnetting

Problem 7
Network Address 10.0.0.0 /16

Address class __________

Default subnet mask _______________________________

Custom subnet mask _______________________________

Total number of subnets ___________________

Total number of host addresses ___________________

Number of usable addresses ___________________

Number of bits borrowed ___________________

What is the 11th

subnet range? _______________________________________________

What is the subnet number

for the 6th subnet? ________________________

What is the subnet

broadcast address for
the 2nd subnet? ________________________

What are the assignable

addresses for the 9th
subnet? ______________________________________

40
Show your work for Problem 7 in the space below.

41
 Subnetting

Problem 8
Number of needed subnets 5
Network Address 172.50.0.0

Address class __________

Default subnet mask _______________________________

Custom subnet mask _______________________________

Total number of subnets ___________________

Total number of host addresses ___________________

Number of usable addresses ___________________

Number of bits borrowed ___________________

What is the 4th

subnet range? _______________________________________________

What is the subnet number

for the 5th subnet? ________________________

What is the subnet

broadcast address for
the 6th subnet? ________________________

What are the assignable

addresses for the 3rd
subnet? ______________________________________

42
Show your work for Problem 8 in the space below.

43
 Subnetting

Problem 9
Number of needed usable hosts 28
Network Address 172.50.0.0

Address class __________

Default subnet mask _______________________________

Custom subnet mask _______________________________

Total number of subnets ___________________

Total number of host addresses ___________________

Number of usable addresses ___________________

Number of bits borrowed ___________________

What is the 2nd

subnet range? _______________________________________________

What is the subnet number

for the 10th subnet? ________________________

What is the subnet broadcast

address for
the 4th subnet? ________________________

What are the assignable

addresses for the 6th
subnet? ______________________________________

44
Show your work for Problem 9 in the space below.

45
 Subnetting

Problem 10
Number of needed subnets 45
Network Address 220.100.100.0

Address class __________

Default subnet mask _______________________________

Custom subnet mask _______________________________

Total number of subnets ___________________

Total number of host addresses ___________________

Number of usable addresses ___________________

Number of bits borrowed ___________________

What is the 5th

subnet range? _______________________________________________

What is the subnet number

for the 4th subnet? ________________________

What is the subnet

broadcast address for
the 13th subnet? ________________________

What are the assignable

addresses for the 12th
subnet? ______________________________________

46
Show your work for Problem 10 in the space below.

47
 Subnetting

Problem 11
Number of needed usable hosts 8,000
Network Address 135.70.0.0

Address class __________

Default subnet mask _______________________________

Custom subnet mask _______________________________

Total number of subnets ___________________

Total number of host addresses ___________________

Number of usable addresses ___________________

Number of bits borrowed ___________________

What is the 6th

subnet range? _______________________________________________

What is the subnet number

for the 7th subnet? ________________________

What is the subnet

broadcast address for
the 3rd subnet? ________________________

What are the assignable

addresses for the 5th
subnet? ______________________________________

48
Show your work for Problem 11 in the space below.

49
 Subnetting

Problem 12
Number of needed usable hosts 45
Network Address 198.125.50.0

Address class __________

Default subnet mask _______________________________

Custom subnet mask _______________________________

Total number of subnets ___________________

Total number of host addresses ___________________

Number of usable addresses ___________________

Number of bits borrowed ___________________

What is the 2nd

subnet range? _______________________________________________

What is the subnet number

for the 2nd subnet? ________________________

What is the subnet

broadcast address for
the 4th subnet? ________________________

What are the assignable

addresses for the 3rd
subnet? ______________________________________

50
Show your work for Problem 12 in the space below.

51
 Subnetting

Problem 13
Network Address 165.200.0.0 /26

Address class __________

Default subnet mask _______________________________

Custom subnet mask _______________________________

Total number of subnets ___________________

Total number of host addresses ___________________

Number of usable addresses ___________________

Number of bits borrowed ___________________

What is the 10th

subnet range? _______________________________________________

What is the subnet number

for the 11th subnet? ________________________

What is the subnet

broadcast address for
the 1023rd subnet? ________________________

What are the assignable

addresses for the 1022nd
subnet? ______________________________________

52
Show your work for Problem 13 in the space below.

53
 Subnetting

Problem 14
Number of needed usable hosts 16
Network Address 200.10.10.0

Address class __________

Default subnet mask _______________________________

Custom subnet mask _______________________________

Total number of subnets ___________________

Total number of host addresses ___________________

Number of usable addresses ___________________

Number of bits borrowed ___________________

What is the 7th

subnet range? _______________________________________________

What is the subnet number

for the 5th subnet? ________________________

What is the subnet

broadcast address for
the 4th subnet? ________________________

What are the assignable

addresses for the 6th
subnet? ______________________________________

54
Show your work for Problem 14 in the space below.

55
 Subnetting

Problem 15
Network Address 93.0.0.0 \19

Address class __________

Default subnet mask _______________________________

Custom subnet mask _______________________________

Total number of subnets ___________________

Total number of host addresses ___________________

Number of usable addresses ___________________

Number of bits borrowed ___________________

What is the 15th

subnet range? _______________________________________________

What is the subnet number

for the 9th subnet? ________________________

What is the subnet

broadcast address for
the 7th subnet? ________________________

What are the assignable

addresses for the 12th
subnet? ______________________________________

56
Show your work for Problem 15 in the space below.

57
 IP Address Breakdown
/24 /25 /26 /27 /28 /29 /30
8+8+8 8+8+8+1 8+8+8+2 8+8+8+3 8+8+8+4 8+8+8+5 8+8+8+6
255.255.255.0 255.255.255.128 255.255.255.192 255.255.255.224 255.255.255.240 255.255.255.248 255.255.255.252
256 Hosts 128 Hosts 64 Hosts 32 Hosts 16 Hosts 8 Hosts 4 Hosts
0-3
0-7
4-7
0-15
8-11
8-15
12-15
16-19
16-23
20-23
16-31
24-27
24-31
28-31
0-63
32-35
32-39
36-39
32-47
40-43
40-47
44-47
48-51
48-55
52-55
48-63
56-59
56-63
60-63
0-127
64-67
64-71
68-71
64-79
72-75
72-79
76-79
80-83
80-87
84-87
80-95
88-91
88-95
92-95
64-127
96-99
96-103
100-103
96-111
104-107
104-111
108-111
112-115
112-119
116-119
112-127
120-123
120-127
124-127
0-255
128-131
128-135
132-135
128-143
136-139
136-143
140-143
144-147
144-151
148-151
144-159
152-155
152-159
156-159
128-191
160-163
16-167
164-167
160-175
168-171
168-175
172-175
176-179
176-183
180-183
176-191
184-187
184-191
188-191
128-255
192-195
192-199
196-199
192-207
200-203
200-207
204-207
208-211
208-215
212-215
208-223
216-219
216-223
220-223
192-255
224-227
224-231
228-231
224-239
232-235
232-239
236-239
240-243
240-247
244-247
240-255
248-251
248-255
252-255

79
 Visualizing Subnets Using
The Box Method

The box method is the simplest way to visualize the breakdown of

subnets and addresses into smaller sizes.

Start with a square. The whole square

is a single subnet comprised of 256
addresses.

/24
255.255.255.0
256 Hosts
1 Subnet

Split the box in half and you get two

subnets with 128 addresses,

/25
255.255.255.128
128 Hosts
2 Subnets

Divide the box into quarters and you

get four subnets with 64 addresses,

/26
255.255.255.192
64 Hosts
4 Subnets
80
Split each individual square and you
get eight subnets with 32 addresses,

/27
255.255.255.224
32 Hosts
8 Subnets
Split the boxes in half again and you
get sixteen subnets with sixteen
addresses,

/28
255.255.255.240
16 Hosts
16 Subnets
The next split gives you thirty two
subnets with eight addresses,

/29
255.255.255.248
8 Hosts
32 Subnets
The last split gives sixty four subnets
with four addresses each,

/30
255.255.255.252
4 Hosts
64 Subnets
81
 Class A Addressing Guide
# of Bits Subnet Total # of Total # of Usable # of
CIDR Borrowed Mask Subnets Hosts Hosts
______________________________________________________________________________________________
/8 0 255.0.0.0 1 16,777,216 16,777,214
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
/9 1 255.128.0.0 2 8,388,608 8,388,606
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
/10 2 255.192.0.0 4 4,194,304 4,194,302
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
/11 3 255.224.0.0 8 2,097,152 2,097,150
______________________________________________________________________________________________
/12 4 255.240.0.0 16 1,048,576 1,048,574
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
/13 5 255.248.0.0 32 524,288 524,286
________________________________________________________________________________________________
/14 6 255.252.0.0 64 262,144 262,142
______________________________________________________________________________________________
/15 7 255.254.0.0 128 131,072 131,070
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
/16 8 255.255.0.0 256 65,536 65,534
___________________________________________________________________________________________________
/17 9 255.255.128.0 512 32,768 32,766
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
/18 10 255.255.192.0 1,024 16,384 16,382
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________
/19 11 255.255.224.0 2,048 8,192 8,190
______________________________________________________________________________________________
/20 12 255.255.240.0 4,096 4,096 4,094
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
/21 13 255.255.248.0 8,192 2,048 2,046
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
/22 14 255.255.252.0 16,384 1,024 1,022
________________________________________________________________________________________________
/23 15 255.255.254.0 32,768 512 510
____________________________________________________________________________________________________
/24 16 255.255.255.0 65,536 256 254
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________
/25 17 255.255.255.128 131,072 128 126
____________________________________________________________________________________________________
/26 18 255.255.255.192 262,144 64 62
___________________________________________________________________________________________________
/27 19 255.255.255.224 524,288 32 30
____________________________________________________________________________________________________
/28 20 255.255.255.240 1,048,576 16 14
____________________________________________________________________________________________________
/29 21 255.255.255.248 2,097,152 8 6
________________________________________________________________________________________________
/30 22 255.255.255.252 4,194,304 4 2

Class B Addressing Guide

# of Bits Subnet Total # of Total # of Usable # of
CIDR Borrowed Mask Subnets Hosts Hosts
______________________________________________________________________________________________
/16 0 255.255.0.0 1 65,536 65,534
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
/17 1 255.255.128.0 2 32,768 32,766
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
/18 2 255.255.192.0 4 16,384 16,382
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
/19 3 255.255.224.0 8 8,192 8,190
______________________________________________________________________________________________
/20 4 255.255.240.0 16 4,096 4,094
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
/21 5 255.255.248.0 32 2,048 2,046
________________________________________________________________________________________________
/22 6 255.255.252.0 64 1,024 1,022
______________________________________________________________________________________________
/23 7 255.255.254.0 128 512 510
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
/24 8 255.255.255.0 256 256 254
___________________________________________________________________________________________________
/25 9 255.255.255.128 512 128 126
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
/26 10 255.255.255.192 1,024 64 62
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________
/27 11 255.255.255.224 2,048 32 30
______________________________________________________________________________________________
/28 12 255.255.255.240 4,096 16 14
______________________________________________________________________________________________
/29 13 255.255.255.248 8,192 8 6
________________________________________________________________________________________________
/30 14 255.255.255.252 16,384 4 2

Class C Addressing Guide

# of Bits Subnet Total # of Total # of Usable # of
CIDR Borrowed Mask Subnets Hosts Hosts
______________________________________________________________________________________________
/24 0 255.255.255.0 1 256 254
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
/25 1 255.255.255.128 2 128 126
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
/26 2 255.255.255.192 4 64 62
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
/27 3 255.255.255.224 8 32 30
______________________________________________________________________________________________
/28 4 255.255.255.240 16 16 14
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
/29 5 255.255.255.248 32 8 6
________________________________________________________________________________________________
/30 6 255.255.255.252 64 4 2
82
Inside Cover