J Electr Eng Technol Vol. 8, No.

1: 11-19, 2013 ISSN(Print) 1975-0102

http://dx.doi.org/10.5370/JEET.2013.8.1.011 ISSN(Online) 2093-7423

Analysis of Magnitude and Rate-of-rise of VFTO

in 550 kV GIS using EMTP-RV

Hun-Chul Seo*, Won-Hyeok Jang*, Chul-Hwan Kim†,

Young-Hwan Chung**, Dong-Su Lee** and Sang-Bong Rhee***

Abstract – Very Fast Transients (VFT) originate mainly from disconnector switching operations in
Gas Insulated Substations (GIS). In order to determine the rate-of-rise of Very Fast Transient
Overvoltage (VFTO) in a 550 kV GIS, simulations are carried out using EMTP-RV. Each component
of the GIS is modeled by distributed line model and lumped model based on equivalent circuits. The
various switching conditions according to closing point-on-wave and trapped charge are simulated, and
the results are analyzed. Also, the analysis of travelling wave using a lattice diagram is conducted to
verify the simulation results.

Keywords: DS, EMTP-RV, Lattice diagram, Rate-of-rise, Travelling wave, Very fast transient
overvoltage

1. Introduction using a lattice diagram. Finally, all the cases of the rate-of-
rise of VFTO according to the simulation conditions are
In GIS, VFTOs are generated during the switching discussed.
operation of a Disconnect Switch (DS) or a circuit breaker.
During the switching operation, a number of pre-strikes or
re-strikes occur because of the slow speed of the moving 2. Rate-of-Rise of VFTO
contact of DS. These strikes generate VFTO with very high
frequency oscillations [1-8]. Even though their magnitudes The rate-of-rise of VFTO can be defined as the
are lower than Basic Insulation Level (BIL) of the system, magnitude of voltage per microsecond, i.e. in kV/µs. In this
they contribute to the aging on the insulation of the system paper, firstly, previous methods to calculate the rate-of-rise
due to their frequent occurrences. Also, VFTO can of voltage are discussed.
influence on the insulation of other GIS equipment such as Fig. 1 shows the methods to calculate the rate-of-rise of
transformers [9-13]. Hence, it is necessary to estimate the voltage [14].
magnitudes and the rate-of-rise of VFTO generated during
switching operations for insulation coordination of GIS
components.
This paper proposes a new method to calculate the rate
of rise of VFTO and analyzes the magnitude and rate-of-
rise of VFTO at transformer terminals in a 550 kV GIS
using EMTP-RV. Firstly, the calculation methods of rate-
of-rise are discussed. Secondly, the modelling of each
component in GIS is presented. Each component is
modelled by distributed line models and lumped line
models based on the equivalent circuits recommended by Fig. 1. Methods to calculate rate-of-rise of voltage
IEEE. Thirdly, the simulations with various switching
In Fig. 1, the rate-of-rise can be calculated as follows:
conditions are performed. The waveform and rate-of-rise of
VFTO for each case are presented. The simulation results (1) A: the slope at t=0
of rate-of-rise are verified by analysis of travelling wave (2) B: the average value of method A and method C
† Corresponding Author : College of Information and Communication (3) C: the slope from t=0 to the first peak voltage
Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Korea ([email protected])
* College of Information and Communication Engineering, Sung-
kyunkwan University, Korea ({hunchul0119, bihyn}@ hanmail.net)
This paper proposes the new method to calculate the
** Power & Industrial Systems PG, Hyosung Corporation, Changwon- rate-of-rise defined in (1). The proposed method uses the
city, 641-050, Korea ({gozip, dslee07}@hyosung.com). second-order difference based on the moving window
*** Dept. of Electrical Engineering., Yeungnam University, Korea
technique, which is used in transient analysis and
([email protected])
Received: August 8, 2011; Accepted: May 17, 2012 protection algorithm of power system. In this paper, a ∆t

11
 Analysis of Magnitude and Rate-of-rise of VFTO in 550 kV GIS using EMTP-RV

Fig. 2. GIS model

(timestep) is set as 50ns. 3.2 Modelling of each component in GIS

 V [i ] − V [i − 2]  Due to the travelling wave nature of VFTO in a GIS,

VRate − of − rise = Max   (1)
 2 ∆t  modelling of the GIS components, such as a busbar, a
circuit breaker, and a DS, makes use of electrical
Where V[i] and V[i-2] mean the voltage magnitude at equivalent circuits composed of lumped elements and
present sample and the voltage magnitude of the sample at distributed parameter lines. Therefore, this paper performs
two times ago. the modelling of each component using the values
Since method A and C look at only the beginning part of recommended by IEEE as shown in Table 1 [1-4].
the VFTO waveform, there is a possibility to miss the The parameters such as resistance, surge impedance, and
maximum rate-of-rise VFTO which may occur after the propagation time, of transmission lines, used to model the
first peak as the travelling waves arrive. This potential busbar, the circuit breakers, and the DS, are calculated by
problem can be solved by the proposed method as it takes EMTP-RV using the geometrical and electrical data of a
into account the entire VFTO waveform. By comparing the cable [15-17]. These data are inputted to the distributed
proposed method with method A and C in Fig. 1, the exact line model of EMTP-RV to model the GIS. In case of the
time at which VFTO with the maximum steepness occurs circuit breaker, the capacitance of 430pF between each
can be found. Also, the magnitude of impulse waveform pole is added.
for field tests can be determined based on (1).
3.3 Modeling of transformer
3. Modeling of GIS using EMTP-RV The modelling of a transformer can be performed by the
VFT transformer model as shown in Fig. 3. In this model,
3.1 GIS model

The GIS in Fig. 2 consists of DS, circuit breakers,

earthing switches, feeders connected with transformer (TR
feeders), feeders connected with transmission lines (T/L
feeders), busbars, coupling feeders, and etc. The rated
voltage of GIS is 550 kV. The number of generators
connected to transformers is 46 and the capacity of each
generator is 83.34MVA. In Fig. 2, L1~L5 indicate the T/L
feeders and T1~T12 are the TR feeders. Also, circles signify
the DS and rectangles express the circuit breakers. Fig. 2
shows the switching configuration at steady state. The black
circles and rectangles illustrate the close state and the white
circles and rectangles indicate the open state [15]. Fig. 3. VFT transformer model

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 Hun-Chul Seo, Won-Hyeok Jang, Chul-Hwan Kim, Young-Hwan Chung, Dong-Su Lee and Sang-Bong Rhee

Table 1. Equivalent modeling of GIS components

GIS component Equivalent model

Bus bar Transmission line model (untransposed)

open close
Circuit Breaker
state state

open close
Disconnect Switch
state state

Surge Arrester Capacitance to ground: 50pF

Earthing Switch Capacitance to ground: 45pF

Bushing Capacitance to ground: 500pF

low voltage terminals and neutral are grounded [15].

4. Simulation

4.1 Simulation conditions

This paper conducts the simulation of VFTO occurred

by closing a DS at each feeder of Fig. 2. Table 2 shows the
simulation conditions. Case 1, 2, 3, 10, and 11 are the cases
of closing a DS at the T/L feeder L1, L2, L3, L4 and L5, Fig. 4. Waveform of the VFTO measured at the transformer
respectively. Case 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, and 9 are the cases of T1 when the closing point-on-wave is 90°
closing a DS at the TR feeder T1, T4, T7, T8, T10 and T12,
respectively. For each case, the simulations according to
the various closing points-on-wave and the trapped charge The VFTO is analyzed by using a lattice diagram to
are also performed. verify the simulation results [18, 19]. Fig. 5 shows the
result of the VFTO analysis for Case 1 using the lattice
Table 2. Simulation Conditions diagram. Because many transmission lines between the DS
Case Operating Disconnector and the transformer terminal have various surge
Case 1 L11 (LC1 kept open) impedances and velocities, the analysis using lattice
Case 2 L21 (LC2 kept open) diagram from t=0 to the simulation time represented in Fig.
Case 3 L31 (LC3 kept open) 4 is impossible. Hence, this paper performs the VFTO
Case 4 T11 (TC1 kept open)
analysis using the lattice diagram until the first surge
Case 5 T41 (TC4 kept open)
Case 6 T71 (TC7 kept open)
waveform arrives at the transformer terminal. In Fig. 5, α is
Case 7 T81 (TC8 kept open) the reflection coefficient and β is the refraction coefficient.
Case 8 T101 (TC10 kept open) Also, the subscript 1 indicates the direction of the surge
Case 9 T121 (TC12 kept open) wave from the DS toward the transformer terminal and the
Case 10 L41 (LC4 kept open) subscript 2 indicates the direction of the surge wave from
Case 11 L51 (LC5 kept open) the terminal toward the DS. For example, α51 and β51 mean
the reflection coefficient and the refraction coefficient,
4.2 Simulation results respectively, for the surge wave at node 5 travelling from
the DS to the transformer. As shown in Fig. 5, the rate-of-
Fig. 4 shows the waveform of the VFTO measured at the rise calculated by the lattice diagram analysis for Case 1 is
transformer T1 when the closing point-on-wave for Case 1 437.233 kV/µs and this result is very similar to the
is 90°. The VFTO waveform represents the characteristics simulation result. Also, the wave travelling time from the
of travelling wave and the maximum value of the VFTO is DS to the transformer terminal is 255µs and this result is
1.515pu. equal to the simulation result in Fig. 5.

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 Analysis of Magnitude and Rate-of-rise of VFTO in 550 kV GIS using EMTP-RV

Fig. 5. Verification of Simulation results using lattice diagram for Case 1

4.3 Discussion

4.3.1 Magnitude of VFTO for each case

First, we discuss the magnitude of the VFTO for each
case as shown in Fig. 6. The maximum value of the VFTO
is 1.515pu in Case 1 and the minimum value of the VFTO
is 1.216pu in Case 8. The average value of VFTO for all
case in studied system is 1.347pu.

(a) Method A

Fig. 6. Magnitude of VFTO for each case

4.3.2 Rate-of-rise of VFTO according to various closing

points-on-wave
Fig. 7 shows the rate-of-rise calculated by method A and (b) Method C
method C according to the various closing points-on-wave Fig. 7. Rate-of-rise according to various closing points-on-
for all cases. As the closing point-on-wave approaches 90° wave
and 270°, the rate-of-rise increases as shown in Fig. 7. On
the other hand, as the closing point-on-wave approaches 0° closing-point-on-wave is 90°. The rate-of-rise calculated
and 180°, the rate-of-rise decreases. The rate-of-rise by method C is the smallest among three methods. The
calculated by method A and C has similar patterns. rate-of-rise calculated by the proposed method is smaller
Fig. 8 shows the rate-of-rise calculated by proposed than the one calculated by method A. However, the
method in (1) for all cases. It has a similar trend with Fig. 7. difference between two values is negligible. Therefore, it
Table 3 shows the rate-of-rise for each method when the indicates that the VFTO with maximum steepness is

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 Hun-Chul Seo, Won-Hyeok Jang, Chul-Hwan Kim, Young-Hwan Chung, Dong-Su Lee and Sang-Bong Rhee

occurred when the first surge waveform arrives at the Table 4. Comparison of Simulation Results in Descending
transformer terminal. Order of Rate-of-rise
Surge
Rate-of- Branches on surge propagation time
Operating
Case rise propagation route and from DS to
feeder
(kV/µs) resistance transformer
terminal (µs)

1 444.24 T/L 255

3 400.575 226
11 397.382 T/L 240
10 401.623 240
9 389.031 301
6 376.81 TR 363
5 378.091 363
Fig. 8. Rate-of-rise calculated by proposed method
2 300.67 T/L 255
Table 3. Rate-of-rise calculated by each method
Method A Method C Proposed Method
(kV/µs) (kV/µs) (kV/µs) 4 275.384 TR 363
case 1 448.314 3.222 444.24
case 2 305.3 1.786 300.67 8 247.156 363
case 3 422.87 2.639 400.575 TR
case 4 281.102 1.702 275.384 7 186.934 363
case 5 387.057 1.191 378.091
case 6 387.52 1.195 376.81
case 7 191.542 1.149 186.934
case 8 252.255 1.009 247.156
case 9 409.691 1.493 389.031
case 10 407.79 2.649 401.623
case 11 410.628 2.649 397.382

4.3.3 Rate-of-rise of VFTO for each case when the

closing point-on-wave is equal Fig. 9. Equivalent circuit to verify result analysis
Even though simulations are conducted at the same
closing points-on-wave in each case, the rates-of-rise of the First, if we assume V2=1pu in case of the closing point-
VFTO are all different from each case as shown in Fig. 7. on-wave from 0° to 180°, (1) can be written by
The reason of this can be explained by two factors; the
number of branches on the surge propagation route and the (2V1 − 1) Z 2 + Z1
V= (2)
length of propagation route from DS to transformer Z 2 + Z1
terminals on surge propagation route.
In Table 4, cases are organized in descending order of Let’s 2V1-1=α, then change of V according to the change
rate-of-rise which is calculated by proposed method. The of Z2 by the number of parallel lines is
cases in the same row have the same number of branches
on the surge propagation route. In case of surge
propagation time with 255µs, Case 1 has higher rate-of-rise α Z 2 + Z1 α ( Z 2 − ∆Z 2 ) + Z1
∆V = −
than Case 2. Also, in case of surge propagation time with Z 2 + Z1 Z 2 − ∆Z 2 + Z1
(3)
363µs, Case 5, 6 and 9 have higher rate-of-rise than Case 7 Z1∆Z 2 (α − 1)
and 8. From this result, we can conclude that as the number =
( Z 2 + Z1 )( Z 2 − ∆Z 2 + Z1 )
of branches on the route increases, the rate-of-rise
decreases. This can be also verified by the analysis of
travelling wave based on the equivalent circuit as shown in In (3), the denominator is larger than 0 and Z1∆Z2 in the
Fig. 9. numerator is also larger than 0 so that the sign of (3)
In Fig. 9, the surge voltage V toward Z2 is depends on α-1, i.e. 2(V1-1). The magnitude of V1 is
0<V1<1, and hence α-1<0, which means ∆V<0. This result
2Z 2 Z − Z2 indicates that more branches on the surge propagation route
V= V1 + 1 V2 (1) cause a bigger surge voltage and this leads to the lower
Z 2 + Z1 Z1 + Z 2
rate-of-rise as shown in Fig. 10.

15
 Analysis of Magnitude and Rate-of-rise of VFTO in 550 kV GIS using EMTP-RV

the latter cases is that the former cases have shorter surge
propagation times from the DS to the transformer terminal
than the latter cases. Shorter propagation time is derived
from the shorter propagation length and the resistances per
unit length on the propagation routes are the same.
Therefore, shorter propagation time indicates that the route
has smaller resistance and vice versa. As the resistance on
the route is smaller, the damping of surge also becomes
smaller, and consequently, the rate-of-rise becomes higher.
Fig. 12 illustrates the relation between the rate-of-rise and
the propagation time. This result satisfies regardless of
closing point-on-wave.
Fig. 10. Relation between rate-of-rise and number of
branches on route in case of the closing point-on-
wave from 0° to 180°

Second, if we assume V2=-1pu in case of the closing

point-on-wave from 180° to 360°, (1) can be written as

(2V1 + 1) Z 2 − Z1
V= (4)
Z 2 + Z1

Let’s 2V1+1=α, then we can find the change of V by the

Fig. 12. Relation between rate-of-rise and surge propagation
method represented above.
time

α Z 2 − Z1 α ( Z 2 − ∆Z 2 ) − Z1 There are exceptional cases. Case 9 and 10 does not

∆V = −
Z 2 + Z1 Z 2 − ∆Z 2 + Z1 apply with this result exactly since even though Case 9 has
(5)
Z1∆Z 2 (α + 1) longer surge propagation time than Case 10, the rate-of-rise
= in Case 9 is lower than one in Case 10. This is because
( Z 2 + Z1 )( Z 2 − ∆Z 2 + Z1 )
Case 10 has more branches on the surge propagation route
than Case 9. Case 2 is also exceptional. Although Case 2
In (5), the sign of (5) depends on α+1, i.e. 2(V1+1). The has shorter surge propagation time than Case 9, 6 and 5,
magnitude of V1 is -1<V1<0, and hence α+1>0, which the rate-of-rise in Case 2 is lower than Case 9, 6 and 5.
means ∆V>0. This result indicates that more branches on This is because it has more branches than Case 9, 6 and 5
the surge propagation route cause a smaller surge voltage so that this fact affected the rate-of-rise to be lower as
and this leads to the lower rate-of-rise as shown in Fig. 11. aforementioned. The exceptional cases do not follow the
relation described in Fig. 10, 11 and 12 because the
combination of the two factors for the rate-of-rise needs to
be considered for those cases. This discussion is based on
the rate-of-rise calculated by proposed A. Similarly, the
rate-of-rise calculated by method A and C has a same
pattern.

4.3.4 Relation between magnitude of first waveform of

Time( surge and rate-of-rise according to closing points-
μs) on-wave
We compare the maximum rate-of-rise at closing point
between 0° and 180° with the magnitude of the first
Fig. 11. Relation between rate-of-rise and number of waveform of the surge voltage as shown in Fig. 13. For all
branches on route in case of the closing point-on- cases, the first peak of the surge voltage is less than 0.87pu,
wave from 180° to 360° which means that the slope of the initial surge voltage for
all cases is negative when the closing point is between 0°
Also, we can find that the rates-of-rise in Case 1, 3, 10, and 180°. However, since the magnitude of rate-of-rise, not
and 11 are higher than the rates-of-rise in Case 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, its polarity, is the critical factor, the rate-of-rise is
and 9. The major difference between the former cases and expressed as an absolute value. Therefore, the rate-of-rise

16
 Hun-Chul Seo, Won-Hyeok Jang, Chul-Hwan Kim, Young-Hwan Chung, Dong-Su Lee and Sang-Bong Rhee

is inversely proportional with the magnitude of the first section. The surge toward the measurement point cannot go
waveform of the surge voltage when the closing point is into the section of the trapped charge as shown in Fig. 16
between 0° and 180°. and Fig. 17. It means that the first surge waveform
For closing point of between 180° and 360°, on the other measured after closing a DS does not influence on the
hand, the rate-of-rise is proportional with the magnitude of trapped charge. Therefore, the trapped charge does not
the first waveform of the surge voltage as shown in Fig. 14. influence on the rate-of-rise calculated by proposed method.
This is because the first peak of the surge voltage is bigger
than –0.87pu for all cases, which mean that the slope of the
initial surge voltage is positive.

Fig. 15. Rate-of-rise of VFTO according to trapped charge

calculated by proposed method

Fig. 13. Relation between the rate-of-rise at closing point

between 0° and 180° and the magnitude of the first
waveform of the surge voltage

Fig. 14. Relation between the rate-of-rise at closing point

between 180° and 360°and the magnitude of the Fig. 16. Simplified equivalent circuit for the cases of
first waveform of the surge voltage closing a DS at the T/L feeder

4.3.5 Rate-of-rise of VFTO according to trapped charge

Finally, we discuss the rate-of-rise of the VFTO
according to the trapped charge. Fig. 15 shows the rate-of-
rise calculated by proposed method for each case. The rate-
of-rise remain constantly even with the variation of the
trapped charge in all cases. The reason of this result can
be discussed using Fig. 16 and 17. Fig. 16 and Fig. 17
show the simplified equivalent circuit for the cases of
closing a DS at the T/L feeder (Case 1, 2, 3, 10, and 11)
and the cases of closing a DS at the TR feeder (Case 4, 5, 6,
7, 8, and 9), respectively. In Fig. 16 and Fig. 17, the black
circles and rectangles illustrate the close state and the white
circles and rectangles indicate the open state. In Fig. 16,
the section between operating DS and open CB is Fig. 17. Simplified equivalent circuit for the cases of
preloaded, which means charges are trapped within the closing a DS at the TR feeder

17
 Analysis of Magnitude and Rate-of-rise of VFTO in 550 kV GIS using EMTP-RV

5. Conclusion [2] D. Povh, H. Schmeitt, O. Volcker, and R. Witzmann,

“Modeling and Analysis Guidelines for Very Fast
In this paper, analysis of the rate-of-rise of VFTO was Transients”, IEEE Trans. on Power Delivery, Vol. 11,
conducted using EMTP-RV. For GIS components, such as No. 4, pp. 2028-2035, October, 1996.
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on electrical equivalent circuits is performed using EMTP- Fast Transients in GIS”, IEEE Trans. on Power
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summarized as follows; Delivery, Vol. 16, No. 4, pp. 539-544, Oct., 2001.
[5] A. Tavakoli, A. Gholami, A. Parizad, H. M.
(1) The maximum value of the VFTO measured at the Soheilipour, H. Nouri, “Effective Factors on the Very
transformer terminal in the studied system is 1.515 Fast Transient Currents and Voltages in the GIS”,
pu in Case 1 and the minimum value of the VFTO is IEEE Transmission & Distribution Conference &
1.216pu in Case 8. Exposition: Asia and Pacific, 2009.
(2) As the number of branches on the surge propagation [6] Q. Liu, “Study of Protection of Transformer from
route is increased, the rate-of-rise is decreased and Very Fast Transient Over-voltage in 750kV GIS”,
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maximum value of the surge voltage, i.e. 90° and Overvoltage Based on 550 kV GIS and 800kV GIS”,
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point-on-wave approaches the minimum value of Engineering and Application, Chongqing, China,
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(5) In case of closing point-on-wave with positive half [8] Qing Liu, Yufeng Zhang, “Influence of Switching
cycle (from 0° to 180°), the rate-of-rise is inversely Conditions on Very Fast Transient Over-voltage in
proportional with the magnitude of the first 500kV Gas Insulated Substation”, International
waveform of the surge voltage. Conference on Electrical Machines and Systems,
(6) In case of closing point-on-wave with negative half 2008.
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proportional with the magnitude of the first H. Kozawa, “Suppression of Fast Transient Over-
waveform of the surge voltage. voltage during Gas DS in GIS”, IEEE Transactions
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of-rise. 201, October 1986.
[10] J. Amamathl, D.R.K. Paramahamsa, K. Narasimharao,
We will study the transient phenomena caused by B.P.Singh, K.D. Shrivastava, “Very fast transient
lightning surge and temporary surge using GIS model over-voltages and transient enclosure voltages in gas
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ference on Electrical Insulation and Dielectric
Phenomena.
Acknowledgements [11] D. S. Pinches, M. A. Al-Tai, “Very Fast Transient
Overvoltages Generated by Gas Insulated Substa-
This work was supported by the National Research tions”, International Universities Power Engineering
Foundation of Korea (NRF) grant funded by the Korea Conference, 2008.
government (MEST) (No.2011-0027556). [12] N. Fujimoto, S. A. Boggs, “Characteristics of GIS
Disconnector-Induced Short Risetime Transients
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[1] IEEE PES Special Publication, “Tutorial on [13] S. A. Boggs, F. Y. Chu, N. Fujimoto, A. Krenicky, A.
Modeling and Analysis of System Transients using Plessel, D. Schlicht, “Disconnect Switch Induced
Digital Programs”, IEEE Working Group 15.08.09, Transients and Trapped Charge in Gas-Insulated
1998. Substations”, IEEE Transactions on Power Apparatus

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 Hun-Chul Seo, Won-Hyeok Jang, Chul-Hwan Kim, Young-Hwan Chung, Dong-Su Lee and Sang-Bong Rhee

and Systems, Vol. 10, No. 10, pp. 3593-3602, October Chul-Hwan Kim In 1990 he joined
1982. Cheju National University, Cheju, Korea,
[14] Dean E. Perry, Richard C. Raupach, C. A. EDWARD, as a full-time Lecturer. He has been a
“A Switching Surge Transient Recording Device”, visiting academic at the university of
IEEE Trans. on Power Apparatus and Systems, Vol. BATH, UK, in 1996, 1998, and 1999.
PAS-87, No. 4, pp. 1073-1078, April, 1968. Since March 1992, he has been a pro-
[15] Hun-Chul Seo, Won-Hyeok Jang, Chul-Hwan Kim, fessor in the School of Electrical and
Toshihisa Funabashi, Tomonobu Senju, “Analysis of Computer Engineering, Sungkyunkwan
rate-of-rise of VFTO according to Switching Conditions University, Korea. His research interests include power
in GIS”, International conference on Power System system protection, artificial intelligence application for
Transients 2011. protection and control, the modelling/protection of underground
[16] Hun-Chul Seo, Chul-Hwan Kim, “The analysis of cable and EMTP software. He received his B.S and M.S
power quality effects from the transformer inrush degrees in Electrical Engineering from Sungkyunkwan
current: A case study of the Jeju power system, University, Korea, 1982 and 1984, respectively. He
Korea”, IEEE Power and Energy Society General received a Ph.D in Electrical Engineering from Sungkyun-
Meeting - Conversion and Delivery of Electrical kwan University in 1990. Currently, he is a director of
Energy in the 21st Century, 2008. Center for Power IT(CPIT) in Sungkyunkwan University.
[17] DCG-EMTP(Development coordination group of
EMTP) Version EMTP-RV, Electromagnetic Transients Young-Hwan Chung He received his
Program. [Online]. Avaliable : http://www.emtp.com. B.S and M.S degrees in School of
[18] Allan Greenwood, “Electrical Transients in Power Electrical Engineering from Pusan
Systems”, John Wiley & Sons 1991. National University, Korea, in 1998
[19] Van der Sluis, “Transients in Power System”, John and 2000. At present, he has been the
Wiley & Sons 2001. manager for reliability engineering
team since 2006. His research interest
includes power system transients and
reliability of high voltage equipments
Hun-Chul Seo He received his B.S
and M.S degrees in School of
Electrical and Computer Engineering Dong-Su Lee He received his B.S and
from Sungkyunkwan University, Korea, M.S degrees in School of Electrical
2004 and 2006. He worked for Korea Engineering from Hong-ik University,
Electrical Engineering & Science Korea, in 2004 and 2006. At present,
Institute, Seoul, Korea, as a researcher he has been the senior researcher for
in power system division from 2006 to reliability engineering team since 2007.
2009. At present, he is working on his Ph. D thesis. His His research interest includes power
research interests include power system transients, system transients and reliability of high
protection and stability. voltage equipments.

Sang-Bong Rhee He received his B.S,

Won-Hyeok Jang He received his B.S M.S, and Ph.D. degrees from Hanyang
and M.S degree in School of Electrical University, Korea, in 1994, 1999, and
and Computer Engineering from Sung- 2004, respectively. He was a research
kyunkwan University, Korea, 2008 and professor in the School of Electrical
2010. At present, he is working with and Computer Engineering, Sungkyun-
Sungkyunkwan University. His research kwan University, Korea. Currently, he
interests include power system transients, is an assistant professor with the dept.
protection and stability. of electrical engineering at Yeungnam University, Korea.
His research interests include a distribution system control
and operation, and artificial intelligence applications to
power system protection.

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