UCSPGr

ade
11Week1-10
AMALEAKS.
BLOGSPOT.
COM
TRUEORFALSE:
Communi
cat
ioncanonl
ybel
ear
nedi
nschool
Fal
se

Whi
chofthef
oll
owi
ngarethe2for
msofv er
balcommuni
cat
ion?
Wri
tt
enandoral wri
teenandspokenl
angueag

Paral
anguagei
sabouthowwesound
True

Emoj
i
sar
efor
msofcommuni
cat
ion
Tr
ue

TRUEORFALSE:
Communi
cat
ioncompet
encecanbel
ear
nedqui
ckl
y
True

Pi
tchdescr
ibest
hef
orceoft
hev
oice
Tr
ue

Wri
ti
ngi
saf
orm ofv
erbal
communi
cat
ion
Tr
ue

Thisi
showlanguagei
sused
Pragmati
cs

Whataret
hetwomainchannel
sofcommuni
cat
ion.
Ver
balandnon-
ver
bal

Di
ffer
entconnot
ati
on/
meani
ngs
Denotat
ions

Thespacebet
weent
wopeopl
ecancommuni
cat
ethei
rrel
ati
onshi
p
True

2mainchannel
sofcommuni
cat
ionar
ever
bal
andv
isual
Fal
se

Emot
ionssuchasner
vousnessorsadnesscanbehear
dthr
ought
hispar
alanguage
el
ement.
Pi
tch

Sy
ntax-howwor
dsar
eputt
oget
hert
ofor
m sent
ences
Tr
ue
Todeterminet
hekindsofcommunicat
ion;
andTounder
standhowt
heseki
ndsar
eused
tobeanef f
ect
ivecommunicat
or.
Object
ivesoft
hischapt
er

Lownessorhi
ghnessoft
oneoft
hev
oicePi
tch

Whichofthef
oll
owi
ngr
efer
stopausesandst
opsmadebet
weent
hought
sorut
ter
ance?
Fr
icat
ives

Hapti
csi
sthel
anguageoft
ime
fal
se

Proxemi
csi
sthest
udyofwhi
choft
hef
oll
owi
ng?
Space

Communi
cat
ioni
set
hical
True

Communi
cat
ioni
sat
wo-
waypr
ocess.
True

Howmanyf
ormsofcommuni
cat
ionar
ether
e?
5

Thi
sfor
m ofcommuni
cat
ional
l
owsy
out
oanal
yzeandr
efl
ect
I
ntr
aper
sonal
communi
cat
ion

Busi
nessinthewestisli
kehunti
ngwhil
ebusi
nessint
heeasti
sli
kepl
ant
ingr
ice.
Whichnon-v
erbal
languageisthi
sthi
nki
ngatt
ri
but
edto?
Ti
me

I
tisaf or
m ofcommunicat
ionwhi
chi
nvol
vesut
ter
anceofwor
ds,
sent
encesandphr
ases
VerbalCommunicat
ion

Whichofthesearetheparal
anguageelement
s?
vocalqual
it
y,pi
tch,
t empo,vol
ume,junct
ures

Communi
cat
ioni
sat
ransact
ional
processTr
ue

Por
celai
ndesi
gnsi
sunderwhatki
ndofnon-
ver
bal
communi
cat
ion?
Art
if
act
Whati
sthemostfundament
aldef
ini
ti
onofcommuni
cat
ion
t
osendandrecei
vemessagesusingachanne

I
tist
helanguageoft
hebody
.
Ki
nesi
cs

I
ntr
aper
sonal
communi
cat
ioni
saboutcommuni
cat
ingwi
thot
her
s
Fal
se

Thesearecommuni cat
ionpat
ter
nst hatar
efr
om psy
chol
ogi
cal
,soci
al,
cul
tur
alor
societ
alpat
ter
nsorgainedknowledge.
fi
eldofexperi
ence

Whataret
hecharact
eri
sti
csofali
nearmodel?
a.unidir
ecti
onal,
si
mpl e,
per
suasionnotmut
ualunder
standi
ng,
soci
alov
er
psy
chologi
calef
fects

Thi
sr ef
erstobel
i
efs,
soci
alst
atus,
val
ues,
andot
hersoci
alf
act
ors.
socialsyst
em

Whenamessagei
ssenti
nthef
orm ofav
ideo,
text
,dance,
orcul
tur
e.
Channel

Thi
srefer
stot
hear
rangementofel
ement
sint
hecont
entoft
hemessage.
Str
uct
ure

Youar
etr
yingtodeci
deifyouwantt
otakeMedi
cineorEngi
neer
ing,
whatki
ndof
communi
cati
onishappeni
ng?
I
ntr
aper
sonal
Communi
cat
ion

Dance'
sHeli
xModel
isanexampl
eof
Int
eract
ive

Thi
selementcanonlybeseeni
ntheSchr
amm communi
cat
ionmodel
.
fi
eldofexper
ience

Whoinvent
edt
hespi
ral
model
ofcommuni
cat
ion?
Dance
Communi cati
onmodel
wher
ether
ecei
verandsendert
aket
urnsi
nconv
eyi
ngt
hei
r
message.
Transact
ional

Apr
obl
em sol
vi
ngmeet
ingbel
ongst
owhatf
orm ofcommuni
cat
ion?
gr
oupcommuni
cat
ion

Thi
sisanobj
ectt
hathasat
hree-
dimensi
onal
shapel
i
keawi
reorcy
li
nderorcone.
Pyr
amid

Thi
sistheent
ir
etyoft
hemessaget
hiscov
ersf
rom t
hebegi
nni
ngt
otheend.
Content

Whoconcept
ual
i
zedt
heSMCRmodel
?
Ber
lo

Thisi
showyoupackagey
ourmessage.
Treat
ment

Anexample/
sofalinearcommuni
cat
ionmodel
.
Shannon-
WeaverandBerlo'
sSMCR

Li
steni
ngt
oSpot
if
yadsshowswhatf
orm ofcommuni
cat
ion?
MASSCOMMUNI
CATI
ON.
.

Thismodel st
atesthatcommunicat
iveacti
onwil
lal
way
sbeanaccumul
ati
onofpast
exper
iences,event
s,orbehav
ior
sandt hatcommuni
cat
ional
way
smoveforwar
d.
Dance

Whichmodeli
sal
socal
l
edt
heconv
ergencemodel
?
I
nteract
ive

WhenwasSchr
amm’
smodel
dev
eloped
1954
Yourcousi
nscanhav
eadi
ff
erentcul
tur
efr
om y
ou.
True

Li
steni
ngandHear
ingar
ethesame.
Fal
se

Whatprobl
em isencount
eredever
yti
meweheart
histhought
:"Whywearcl
othesthat
show toomuchski nifyou'r
enotinter
est
edi
nat t
racti
ngment othi
nkofl ustf
ul
thought
saboutyou?!
"
Bothofthegi
venchoicesarecorr
ect

Roost
erscr
owi
ngat2a.
misanext
ri
nsi
cnoi
se.
Fal
se

Whosai
dthatf
il
ipi
nosav
oidt
alki
ngaboutmoney
?
Vi
nceRApi
sura

Thesearecommunicat
ionpat
ter
nst hatar
efr
om psy
chol
ogi
cal
,soci
al,
cul
tur
alor
soci
etalpat
ter
nsorgai
nedknowledge.
f
actualnoi
se

Thesearecommunicat
ionpat
ter
nst hatar
efr
om psy
chol
ogi
cal
,soci
al,
cul
tur
alor
soci
etal
patter
nsorgai
nedknowledge.
f
iel
dofexperi
ence

Whichcul
tur
ecancancel schedul
esorappoi
ntment
sduet
oper
sonal
and
soci
alr
esponsi
bil
i
ties?
Al
loft
heanswerscorrect

Roost
erscr
owi
ngat2a.
misani
ntr
insi
cnoi
se.
FALSE

Whichmodeli
sal
socal
l
edt
heconv
ergencemodel
?
Int
eract
ive

Theant
hropol
ogi
stwhogav
ethedef
ini
ti
onofr
eli
gioni
nthemodul
e:
Geer
tz
Whatemer
gedi
nourl
i
vest
hatmadei
tpossi
blef
orust
ogett
oknowourf
ell
owmenf
rom
afar
?
I
nter
net

Ther
eisnoneedt
ounder
standy
our
sel
fwhenl
i
steni
ng.
Fal
se

Thefi
rstst
epi
nimpr
ovi
ngy
ourl
i
steni
ngski
l
lsi
stost
opt
alki
ng.
Fal
se

Ther
ear
efourkindsofnoisethataf
fectt
hecommuni
cati
onprocess.Li
stt
hem
down.f
eedback,int
ernalnoi
se,semanti
cnoi
se,
fact
ualnoi
se

Thisel
ementcanonlybeseeni
ntheSchr
amm communi
cat
ionmodel
.
fi
eldofexper
ience

Noi
seonl
yhappensext
ernal
l
y.
Fal
se

Whichcul
tur
eismor
eri
gidwi
tht
ime?
Easter
n

You'r
etryi
ngt oli
stentoy
ourteacherbutyoukeeponremember
ingthefunni
ghtyouhad
wit
hy ourfr
iends.Whentheteachercal
ledyoutoreci
teandy
oudidnothearwhatthe
questi
onwas, whatkindofnoi
sewaspr esent
?
inter
nalnoise

Whi
chMcdonal
d’scommer
cial
wasusedasanexampl
eint
hemodul
e?

Thi
snoi
seprevent
sy oufr
om get
ti
ngt hemaini
deaoft
hever
balmessagebecausey
ouzer
o
i
nondetai
lsr
atherthanputt
hem togethert
oseet
hewhol
epict
ure.
semant
icnoi
se

Ethnocent
ri
sm canalsohappenwhensomeonef
rom Mi
ndanaoi
sdi
scr
imi
nat
ed
bysomeoner om Luzon.
False

WhyareChi
nesekidsaheadofFi
l
ipi
noswheni
tcomest
oMat
h?
I
tispar
toft
heircult
ure
Li
steni
ngtoSpoti
fyadsi
sanexampleofwhi
choft
hef
oll
owi
ngf
ormsof
communicat
ion?MassCommunicat
ion

Int
er personalcommuni cati
onisaboutcommuni cat
ingwith
other sTrue
Whi chcul tur
ecancancel schedulesorappointmentsduetoper
sonal
and
social r
esponsi bi
li
ti
es?
Highcont extcult
uresaremoret oler
antofbeingrej
ected.
False

I
nthePhili
ppi
nes,wher
ethemajori
tyisbr
owskinned,
fai
rski
nisequat
edt
obeaut
yand
weal
th.Whatkindofi
nter
cul
tur
alprobl
em i
sthi
s?
St
ereoty
ping

Li
steni
nghel
psi
nenhanci
ngori
mpr
ovi
ngourr
elat
ionshi
pwi
thour
sel
vesandot
her
s.
Tr
ue

Lowcont
extcul
tur
esdonott
oler
atebei
ng
rej
ect
edTrue

All
weal
thypeopl
ewor
kbl
ue-
col
l
arj
obs.
Fal
se

Whichcul
tur
eismor
eanal
yti
cal
andr
equi
resmor
ever
bal
cues?
Et
hnic

Whyar
eChi
neseki
dsaheadofFi
l
ipi
noswheni
tcomest
oMat
h?
I
tispar
toft
hei
rcul
tur
e
Answer

Hear
ingi
ssy
nony
moust
oli
st ng.Fal
eni se

Cul
tur
ecanonl
ybeobser
vedi
fsomeonei
sfr
om anot
hercount
ry.
Fal
se

Sel
ect
ivehear
ingi
ncr
easesourchancesofunder
standi
ngsomeone.

Fal
se

Noi
seonl
yhappensi
nter
nal
l
y.

Fal
se
Thi
sisanyki
ndofst
imul
itooursenseswhi
chaf
fect
showmessagesar
e

conv
eyedNoi
se

Theant
hropol
ogi
stswhogav
ethedef
ini
ti
onofr
eli
gioni
nthemodul
e

Geer
tz
I
t'
sokayt
othi
nkaboutwhaty
ouwantt
otel
lyourf
ri
endwhi
l
eshe'
stal
ki
ngt
oyou.

Tr
ue

Whatproblem i
sencounter
edev
eryt
imethi
sol
dadagei
srel
ayedt
ochi
l
dren:
"Wagkang
makul
it
,sigeka,kukuni
nkanungbumbay
".

Pr
ejudi
ce

Team col
l
abor
ati
oni
nsi
det
hecl
assr
oom i
swhatf
orm ofcommuni
cat
ion?

Gr
oup

Thi
sref
erst
obel
i
efs,
soci
alst
atus,
val
ues,
andot
hersoci
alf
act
ors.

soci
alsy
stem

Thi
ssect
ionat
tempt
stoanswer:
whatmat
eri
alswer
eusedandhowt
heywer
eused.

Mat
eri
alsandMet
hods

notpass)y
ourexamsi
fyoudon'
tst
artwor
kinghar
der
.

Wi
llnotpass

Ter
msusedt
obot
hsexesgr
ant
ingbot
hst
atusandr
espect
.

Gender
-fr
eet
erms

WeuseMLAst
ylef
orar
ts,
li
ter
atur
eandt
hehumani
ti
es.

Tr
ue

Hesuf
fer
edf
rom _
___
___
___
___
___
thathecoul
dpr
edi
ctt
heendoft
hewor
ld.

Del
usi
on
Themethodsectionoftheabst
ractshoul
dexplai
nhowyouwentaboutsol
vi
ngt
he
probl
em orexpl
oringt
heissueyouident
if
iedasyourmai
nobj
ecti
ve.

Tr
ue

Suppor
tsmai
nar
gument
swi
thcont
ri
but
ionsf
rom l
i
ter
aryaut
hor
it
iesand

r
efer
ences.Pr
oof
s/ev
idences

Acondensedi
nfor
mat
ioni
ncl
udi
ngdet
ail
,whi
l
enotbei
ngconcer
nedaboutl
engt
h.

Summar
y

I
'
m meet
ingmymot
heratt
heai
rpor
ttomor
row.

Schedul
edev
ent

I
ndev
elopingthefi
naloutl
ineofar
esear
chpaper
,iti
simpor
tantt
oest
abl
i
sh
t
hesi
gnif
icanceofyourresear
chby,

Nar
rowi
ngdowny
ourt
opi
c.

Expr
essi
onst
hatshoul
dbeav
oidedwhenwr
it
ingasci
ent
if
icr
epor
t.

Sl
ang/
Idi
oms

y
ou/
go)t
othepar
tyt
omor
rowni
ght
?

Ar
eyougoi
ng

Av
oidusi
ngt
hemet
ri
csy
stem ofmeasur
ement
s.

Fal
se

TheHomeOffi
ceint
eri
ormini
str
yhasmadecont
actwi
thOmar
'sf
ami
l
yandi
s
assi
sti
ngt
hem i
n"tr
avel
li
ng"t
oBrit
ain.

obj
ectoft
hepr
eposi
ti
on

Ani
ntent
ional
oruni
ntent
ional
useofsomeoneel
se'
swor
dsandt
aki
ngt
hem asy
ourown.

Pl
agi
ari
sm

Apersonwi
thpoorl
i
steni
ngski
l
lswoul
dhav
eexempl
aryr
elat
ionshi
pswi
theachot
her
.
Fal
se

Whatar
ethechar
act
eri
sti
csofaLinearmodel
ofcommuni
cat
ion?
Bot
hShannon-
WeaverandBerl
o'sSMCR
Kissi
ngthehandsofel
der
sisanex
ampl
eofwhi
chnon-
ver
bal
cue?
hapti
cs

Communicat
ionwi
llal
waysel
i
citar
esponse.I
nwhatway
scant
her
esponsecomei
n?
non-
ver
balandver
balcues

Whichoft
hefol
lowi
ngmodel sstat
esthatcommunicati
veacti
onwill
alwaysbean
accumul
ati
onofpastexper
iences,
event
s,orbehav
iorsandthatcommunicat
ion
al
waysmov ef
orward?
Dance

Tr
ueorFal
se:
Communi
cat
ioni
spr
ogr
essi
ve.Tr
ue

UseBerl
o'scommunicat
ionmodelt
oident
if
ywhatisbei
ngasked:
Thi
sist
heent
ir
etyof
themessage.Thi
scover
sfrom t
hebegi
nni
ngtotheend.
Content

Tr
ueorFal
se:
Communi
cat
ioncanonl
ybel
ear
nedi
nschool
.Fal
se

TrueorFal
se:
Weneedt
ofol
l
owr
ulesandv
alueswhencommuni
cat
ing.
False

UseBerlo'
scommunicati
onmodel
toi
dent
if
ywhati
sbei
ngasked:
Thi
sishowy
ou
packageyourmessage.Tr
eat
ment

TrueorFal
se:
Anexampl
eofal
i
nearcommuni
cat
ionmodel
ist
heHel
i
cal
model
.
False

Howmanypr
inci
plesofcommuni
cat
ionar
ether
e?
11

I
tispossi
blet
ousehapt
icsi
napr
ofessi
onal
set
ti
ng.
Tr
ue

UseBerl
o'
scommunicat
ionmodelt
oidenti
fywhati
sbeingasked:
Thisisanobj
ectt
hat
hasathr
ee-
dimensi
onal
shapel
ikeawire,
cyli
nder
,orcone.Nocorr
ectanswer

Tr
ueorFal
se:
Rel
ati
onshi
pbecomemor
eful
fi
ll
i
ngbecauseofcommuni
cat
ion.
Tr
ue

TrueorFal
se:Emoji
sar
efor
msof
communicati
onTrue

Whatdoy oucall
thecommunicat
ionpat
ter
nst
hatar
efr
om psy
chol
ogi
cal
,soci
al,
cul
tur
al,
soci
etal
patter
nsorgainedknowl
edge?
f
iel
dofexperi
ence

ThisishowI
nnui
ts,
Afr
icans,
andsomeAsi
ansseet
ime.
Cycli
cal

Whi chofthefol
lowi
ngi
sacommunicat
ionmodel
wher
eint
her
ecei
verandsendert
ake
turnsinconveyi
ngthemessage?
Transacti
onal

TrueorFal
se:
Inacommuni
cat
iveact,
ther
ewi l
lalwaysbenoef
fect
stot
hepar
ti
cipant
s.
Anymessageconv
eyedwi
ll
onl
yhav eoneint
erpretat
ion.
False

DanceHeli
xModel
isanexampl
eofwhi
choft
hef
oll
owi
ngcommuni
cat
ionmodel
s?
Int
eract
ive

Whatarethethreestandardsofcommuni
cat
ionmodel
?
Li
near
,transact
ional
,int
eracti
ve

"
Stri
kewhi
l
ethei
roni
shot
"tal
ksaboutwhatnon-
ver
bal
cue?
Time

Whosaid"Thedi
ff
erencebetweenagoodwordandt
heri
ghtwor
dist
hesameast
he
di
ff
erencebet
weenal i
ght
ningbugandli
ght
ning"
?Mar
kTwain

Kinesics,
proxemics,
hapti
cs,chr
onemi
cs,
appear
ance,
art
if
act
s,andpar
alanguagear
eal
l
el
ement sofwhichofthefol
l
owing?
non-verbalcommunicati
on

Whoinvent
edt
hespi
ral
model
ofcommuni
cat
ion?
Dance

Thi
scommuni cat
ionst
atest
hatsett
ingacommonpoi
ntshoul
dbeest
abl
i
shedbef
ore
communicat
ingtoavoi
dnegati
veimpact
.
Cont
ext
ual
UseBerl
o'
scommuni cationmodel toi
denti
fywhati
sbei
ngasked:
Whenamessagei
ssent
i
ntheform ofav
ideo,text,dance,
orcult
ure.
Code

TrueorFal
se:
Oral
communi
cat
ioncompet
encemeansy
ou'
regoodi
nspeaki
ngonl
y.
False

Thi
sisanykindofst
imul
itooursenseswhi
chaf
fect
showmessagesar
econv
eyed.
Noi
se
Nor
thPole,
Temperat
eZone,summit
-
geogr
aphy
Eval
uati
ngdetai
lstomakej
udgment
.
-
drawingconcl
usion

Thehumansexchr omosomesar eoftheXX-XYpatt

ern.TheYchromosomei smuchsmal l
er
thantheXchr omosome.Twot ypesofsperm cel
l
sareformedduri
nggamet ogenesi
s;hal
fof
thesehavetheXchr omosomeandt heothershavet
heYchr omosome.Ev er
yeggcellhasanX
chromosome; ther
efore,f
erti
l
izati
ondeter
minesthesex.IfaYsperm cel
lfer
ti
li
zestheegg,a
maledevelops.
Whatistheaut hor
'spurpose?
-i
nformthestepsinferti
li
zati
on.

Com -i
sapr efi
xwhi
chmeans'
toget
her
'or'
wit
h'.I
fyouar
easkedt
oser
vewi
thot
her
sona
proj
ect
,thegroupi
susual
l
ycal
l
eda
-commit
tee

Untilt
he1960s, peopl eint heUni tedSt atesdi dnotpar ti
cul arl
ypayat tenti
ont othenat ural
envir
onment .Rat her ,Amer i
canswer emor ef ocusedont heeconomy .Howev er ,
wi than
i
ncreasei noi lspills,poll
ut ingfact oriesandpowerpl ants, andt hel ossofwi l
der ness,
suddenl ypeopl er ealizestheyshar edcommonv alues.Theycal ledf oranat i
onal or ganizati
on
toprotectt heenv i
ronment .Accor dingly,onApr il22,1970, thefirstEar t
hDAY, 20MI LLION
Amer i
canst ookt ot hest reets,par ksandaudi t
oriumst odemonst r
at eforaheal thy,
sustainabl eenv ironment .Thousandsofcol legesanduni versit
iesor ganizedpr otest sagainst
thedet eriorationoft heenv ir
onment .
Thef i
rstEar thDayl edt ot hecr eat i
onoft heUni tedSt atesEnv ir
onment alProtectionAgency
(EPA)andt hepassageoft heCl eanAi r
,Cl eanWat er,andEndanger edSpeci esAct s.President
RichardNi xonandCongr esswor kedt oget hert oestablishedt heEPAi nresponset ot he
growingpubl i
cdemandf orcl eanerwat er ,airandl and.Pr iortot heest abli
shmentoft heEPA,
thenat i
onal gov ernmentwasnotst ructuredt omakecoor dinatedat tackont hepol l
utants,
whichhar m humanheal thanddegr adet heenv i
ronment .TheEPAwasassi gnedt hedaunt i
ng
taskofr epai ri
ngt hedamageal readydonet ot henat ural env i
ronment .Whydoest heaut hor
ment i
ont hef ir
stEar thDayi npar agr aph2?
-toil
l
ust ratehowt hisev entr esul t
edi nani mpor tantor gani zati
on
Sl
angwor
dsar
eexampl
esofi
nfor
mal
Engl
i
sh.
-
tr
ue

PASSAGE: Study: Teenagebr ainl acksempat hyBySar aGoudar zi Ify ouev ersenset eenager s
arenott aki ngy ourf eelingsi nt oaccount ,it
'spr obabl ybecauset hey 'rej usti ncapabl eofdoi ngso.
Thear eaoft hebr ainassoci at edwi thhi gher -l
ev el thinking, empat hy ,andgui l
ti sunder usedby
teenager s, repor tsanewst udy .Whenconsi der inganact ion, thet eenagemedi al prefront al
cortex, locat edi nf rontoft hebr ain, doesn' tgetasmuchact i
onasadul t s." Thi nkingst rategies
changewi t
hage, "sai dSar ahJay neBl akemor eoft heUni v ersityCol legeLondonI nst i
tuteof
Cogni tiveNeur osci ence." Asy ougetol dery ouusemor eorl esst hesamebr ainnet wor kt o
makedeci sionsabouty ouract i
onsasy oudi dwheny ouwer eat eenager , butt hecr uci al
diff
er encei st hatt hedi st ri
but ionoft hatbr ainact ivityshi ftsf rom t hebackoft hebr ain( when
youar eat eenager )t othef r
ont( wheny ouar eanadul t)
."Teent hinkingI nt hest udy ,teensand
adultswer easkedhowt heywoul dr eactt ocer tai nsi tuat i
ons.Ast heyr esponded, r
esear cher s
i
magedt hei rbr ains.Al t
houghbot hadul tsandt eensr espondedsi mi larlyt ot hequest ions, their
brainact ivitydi ff
er ed.Themedi al prefront alcor texwasmuchmor eact i
v ei nt headul t
st hani n
thet eens.Howev er ,thet eenager shadmuchmor eact i
vit
yi nt hesuper i
ort empor al sulcus, the
brainar eai nv olvedi npr edict ingf utur eact i
onsbasedonpr eviousones.Adul tswer eal somuch
fasteratf igur ingouthowt hei ract ionswoul daf fectt hemsel vesandot herpeopl e."Wet hink
thatat eenager '
sj udgmentofwhatt heywoul ddoi nagi vensi tuat i
oni sdr ivenbyt hesi mple
quest ion: 'Whatwoul dIdo? '
"Bl akemor esai d."Adul ts, ont heot herhand, ask: '
Whatwoul dIdo,
givenhowIwoul df eel andgi v enhowt hepeopl ear oundmewoul df eel asar esul tofmy
actions? '"Dev elopi ngsensi ti
v ityChi ldrenst arttaki ngi ntoaccountot herpeopl e'sf eelings
aroundt heageoff iv e.Butt heabi l
itydev elopswel l bey ondt hisage, thenewr esear chsuggest s.
Andwhi lesomeoft hissensi tivitycoul dbet her esul tofundev elopedr egi onsi nt hebr ain, t
he
exper iencet hatadul tsacqui ref rom soci al i
nteract ionsal sopl ay sani mpor tantr ole.Mypur pose
i
nr eadi ngt his: Readi ngSt r
at egyIwi l
luse: 12" What ev ert her easons, iti scl eart hatt eenager s
aredeal ingwi th, notonl ymassi vehor monal shi fts, butal sosubst ant ial neur al changes, "
Blakemor esai d."Thesechangesdonothappengr adual lyandst eadi l
ybet weent heagesof
0–18.Theycomeoni ngr eatspur t
sandpuber tyi soneoft hemostdr amat icdev el
opment al
stages. "Ther esul tsoft hest udywer epr esent edt odayatt heBAFest ival ofSci encei nt heUK.
Whydi dt heaut horment ion‘ hor monal shi f
t’int hear ticle?
-toval i
dat et hecl aim oft her esear chont eens’ behav iorinr elationt ot hei rbr aindev elopment
Academi
cEngl
i
shusesacompl
exgr
ammat
ical
str
uct
ure.
-
True
Get
ti
ngt
hegi
stofat
ext
.
-
ski
mming

Ther
ever
seofi
ncr
easei
s
-
decr
ease

Unti
lthe1960s,peopleintheUni t
edSt atesdidnotpar ticularl
ypayat tenti
ont ot henatur
al
envi
ronment.Rather,Amer i
canswer emor efocusedont heeconomy .Howev er,wit
hani ncrease
i
noilspil
l
s,poll
utingfactori
esandpowerpl ants,andt hel ossofwi l
derness, suddenlypeople
real
i
zestheysharedcommonv alues.Theycal ledforanat i
onalorganizationt oprotectt
he
envi
ronment.Accordingl
y ,
onApr il22,1970,thef i
rstEar thDAY, 20MI LLIONAmer i
canstookt o
thestr
eets,
parksandaudi tori
umst odemonst rateforaheal thy,sustainableenv ir
onment .
Thousandsofcollegesanduni versit
iesorganizedpr otest sagainstthedet eriorati
onofthe
envi
ronment.Thef i
rstEarthDayledt othecreat i
onoft heUni tedStates
Envir
onment alPr otecti
onAgency( EPA)andt hepassageoft heCleanAir,
CleanWat er,and
Endanger edSpeci esAct s.Pr
esidentRichardNixonandCongr essworkedtogetherto
establi
shedt heEPAi nresponsetot hegr owi
ngpublicdemandf orcl
eanerwater,ai
randl and.
Pri
ort otheestabl i
shmentoft heEPA, thenat
ionalgovernmentwasnotstruct
uredt omake
coordinatedattackont hepol l
utants,whichharm humanheal t
handdegradetheenv ir
onment .
TheEPAwasassi gnedthedaunt i
ngt askofrepair
ingthedamageal r
eadydonet othenat ur
al
envir
onment .
Whydi dt heauthorwr it
et hepassage?
-t
odi scusstheincr easeinpublicawar enessforacleanerenvi
ronment
Usepredict
ioninunder
standi
ngat
ext
.
-
cri
ti
calreading

Recor
dingquest
ionsf
orf
oll
ow–up.
-
cri
ti
calreadi
ng

Unt i
lthe1960s, peoplei ntheUni tedSt at esdi dnotpar ticularl
ypayat tentiont ot henat ural
env i
ronment .Rather,Amer icanswer emor efocusedont heeconomy .Howev er ,withan
i
ncr easei noi l
spill
s,polluti
ngf actoriesandpowerpl ant s,andt helossofwi l
der ness, suddenly
peopl ereal i
zestheyshar edcommonv alues.Theycal ledf oranat ional organi zationt oprotect
theenv i
ronment .Accor dingly,
onApr il22, 1970, t
hef i
rstEar thDAY, 20MI LLIONAmer i
cans
tookt ot hest r
eets,parksandaudi t
oriumst odemonst ratef oraheal thy,sust ainabl e
env i
ronment .Thousandsofcol legesanduni versit
iesor ganizedpr otestsagai nstt he
deter i
orationoft heenv i
ronment .Thef irstEar thDayl edt othecreat i
onoft heUni tedSt ates
Env i
ronment alProtecti
onAgency( EPA)andt hepassageoft heCl eanAi r,CleanWat er,and
Endanger edSpeci esAct s.PresidentRi char dNi xonandCongr esswor kedt oget hert o
establishedt heEPAi nresponset othegr owingpubl icdemandf orcl eanerwat er,airandl and.
Priortot heest abli
shmentoft heEPA, thenat ional gover nmentwasnotst ructuredt omake
coor dinatedat t
ackont hepol l
utants, whi chhar m humanheal t
handdegr adet heenv ir
onment .
TheEPAwasassi gnedt hedaunt ingt askofr epai r
ingthedamageal readydonet ot henat ur
al
env i
ronment .
Whati stheaut hor’spurposei npar agr aph2?
-todescr ibehowt hegov ernmentbecamemor einvolvedi ncleaningt heenv i
ronment
Thechil
drenal
lsmi
l
eduponr
ecei
vi
ngt
hei
rpr
esent
.
-PREsent
AcademicEngl
i
shdeal
swi
thunder
standi
ngofl
exi
cal
knowl
edgeandt
hephonol
ogi
cal
feat
ures
ofEngl
ish
-
true

DearTall
,DarkandHandsome—Thi sisyourl
uckyday!Thegi
rlofyourdr
eamsi sj
ustaphone
callaway
.Iam 5’ 10’
’
,sli
m, pret
ty,andonly23.Il
ovepopmusic,goodbooks,exoti
cfoods,
and
forei
gntr
avel.Gi
vemear inganydayaf t
er6P.M.Youwon’tbesorry
.
Yourgal,
Jackie.
Howdi dthespeakerexpresshermessage?
-byint
egr
atinghumorwi t
hsomei nter
esti
ngfact
sinhermessage
Lookingfori
temsi
nGoogl
esear
ch.
-scanni
ng

Aregressi
vemov
eisamov
eback;
anmov
ewoul
dmeanamov
etoort
owar
d.
-
aggressiv
e
PASSAGE: St udy: Teenagebr ainlacksempat hyBySar aGoudar zi Ify ouev ersenset eenager s
arenott aki ngy ourf eelingsi nt oaccount ,i
t'
spr obabl ybecauset hey 'rej usti ncapabl eofdoi ngso.
Thear eaoft hebr ainassoci atedwi thhi gher -l
ev el thinking, empat hy ,andgui l
ti sunder usedby
teenager s,r epor tsanewst udy .Whenconsi der inganact i
on, thet eenagemedi al prefront al
cortex, locat edi nf rontoft hebr ain, doesn'tgetasmuchact i
onasadul ts." Thi nkingst rategies
changewi thage, "sai dSar ahJay neBl akemor eoft heUni versityCol legeLondonI nst i
tuteof
Cogni tiveNeur osci ence." Asy ougetol dery ouusemor eorl esst hesamebr ainnet wor kt o
makedeci si onsabouty ouract ionsasy oudi dwheny ouwer eat eenager ,butt hecr uci al
diff
er encei st hatt hedi st r
ibut i
onoft hatbr ainact ivityshi ft
sf rom t hebackoft hebr ain( when
youar eat eenager )t othef r
ont( wheny ouar eanadul t
)."Teent hinkingI nt hest udy ,teensand
adultswer easkedhowt heywoul dr eactt ocer tai nsi tuat i
ons.Ast heyr esponded, r
esear cher s
i
magedt hei rbr ains.Al t
houghbot hadul tsandt eensr espondedsi mi larlyt ot hequest ions, their
brainact iv
itydi ff
er ed.Themedi al pref r
ontal cor texwasmuchmor eact ivei nt headul t
st hani n
thet eens.Howev er ,thet eenager shadmuchmor eact ivi
tyint hesuper iort empor al sulcus, the
brainar eai nv olvedi npr edict i
ngf utur eactionsbasedonpr eviousones.Adul tswer eal somuch
fasteratf i
gur ingouthowt hei ract ionswoul daf fectt hemsel v esandot herpeopl e."Wet hink
thatat eenager '
sj udgmentofwhatt heywoul ddoi nagi vensi tuat i
oni sdr ivenbyt hesi mple
quest ion: '
Whatwoul dIdo? '
"Bl akemor esai d."Adul ts, ont heot herhand, ask: '
Whatwoul dIdo,
givenhowIwoul df eel andgi venhowt hepeopl ear oundmewoul df eel asar esul tofmy
actions? '"Dev elopi ngsensi ti
v i
tyChi ldrenst arttaki ngi ntoaccountot herpeopl e'sf eelings
aroundt heageoff iv e.Butt heabi l
itydev elopswel l bey ondt hi sage, thenewr esear chsuggest s.
Andwhi lesomeoft hissensi ti
vitycoul dbet her esul tofundev elopedr egionsi nt hebr ain, t
he
exper iencet hatadul tsacqui ref rom soci alinteract ionsal sopl ay sani mpor tantr ole.Mypur pose
i
nr eadi ngt his: Readi ngSt r
at egyIwi l
luse: 12" What ev erther easons, itiscl eart hatt eenager s
aredeal ingwi th, notonl ymassi vehor monal shi fts, butal sosubst ant ial neur al changes, "
Blakemor esai d."Thesechangesdonothappengr adual l
yandst eadi l
ybet weent heagesof
0–18.Theycomeoni ngr eatspur t
sandpuber tyi soneoft hemostdr amat icdev el
opment al
stages. "Ther esul tsoft hest udywer epr esent edt odayatt heBAFest ival ofSci encei nt heUK.
Wi t
hwhi chst atementl istedbel owwoul dt heaut horoft hisar ticlemostl i
kel yagr ee?
-Parent sshoul dNOTt akei tper sonal l
ywhent hei rt eensdon’ tf eel sor ryf orhowl ongt heywor k
i
naday
Thewor dister
r aci
de.I
tisnotcommi t
tedwithgunsandkni ves, butwithrel
entl
essbull
dozers,
roar
ingdumpt rucks,andgiantshovelsli
kemy t
hological
beast s.Dy namitecutsandri
psapar t
mountainstoreacht hemineralsi
nside,l
eavi
ngnot hi
ngbutempt y,nakedhil
l
s.Thelandisleft
wastedandal l
owedt osli
dedownuponhousesandi ntostreams, makingthelandunl
ivabl
eand
thestr
eam wat erundri
nkable.Thi
sisterraci
de,ori
fyoupr efer
, stri
pmi ni
ng.
Whichofthesebestdescr i
best heauthor’
sviewabouthissubj ect?
-sati
ri
cal
Thepref
ixad-means"
to"or"t
oward"
.Wheny
ousuppor
tsomet
hingandcal
lot
her
stoaccept
yourpoi
ntofvi
ew,y
ouareit
ssupport
.
-
advocate

Ci
v i
lWar,
Gul
fWar
,apar
thei
d
-
histor
y
Cer
tai
namountcanbet
akenawayorf
rom i
ncomet
axr
etur
ns.
-
deduct
ed

Thesuper
visorwasf
ir
edduet
oaquest
ionabl
econducti
ntheWor
kpl
ace.
-
CONduct
Si
mpleconnect
orsar
eusedi
nAcademi
clanguage.
-
fal
se

Whenaper sonhasasmi
l
ethatl
uresorat
tract
speopl
e,wecal
lhi
m/
her-
all
uri
ng

PASSAGE: St udy: Teenagebr ainlacksempat hyBySar aGoudar zi Ify ouev ersenset eenager s
arenott aki ngy ourf eelingsi nt oaccount ,i
t'
spr obabl ybecauset hey 'rej usti ncapabl eofdoi ngso.
Thear eaoft hebr ainassoci atedwi thhi gher -l
ev el thinking, empat hy ,andgui l
ti sunder usedby
teenager s,r epor tsanewst udy .Whenconsi der inganact i
on, t
het eenagemedi al prefront al
cortex, locat edi nf rontoft hebr ain, doesn' tgetasmuchact i
onasadul ts." Thi nkingst rategies
changewi thage, "sai dSar ahJay neBl akemor eoft heUni versit
yCol legeLondonI nst i
tuteof
Cogni tiveNeur osci ence." Asy ougetol dery ouusemor eorl esst hesamebr ainnet wor kt o
makedeci si onsabouty ouract ionsasy oudi dwheny ouwer eat eenager ,butt hecr uci al
diff
er encei st hatt hedi st r
ibut i
onoft hatbr ainact ivityshi ft
sf r
om t hebackoft hebr ain( when
youar eat eenager )t othef r
ont( wheny ouar eanadul t)
."Teent hinkingI nt hest udy ,teensand
adultswer easkedhowt heywoul dr eactt ocer tai nsi tuat i
ons.Ast heyr esponded, r
esear cher s
i
magedt hei rbr ains.Al t
houghbot hadul t sandt eensr espondedsi mi larlyt ot hequest ions, their
brainact iv
itydi ff
er ed.Themedi al prefront al cor texwasmuchmor eact ivei nt headul t
st hani n
thet eens.Howev er ,thet eenager shadmuchmor eact ivi
tyint hesuper iort empor al sulcus, the
brainar eai nv olvedi npr edict i
ngf utur eact ionsbasedonpr evi
ousones.Adul tswer eal somuch
fasteratf i
gur ingouthowt hei ract ionswoul daf fectt hemsel vesandot herpeopl e."Wet hink
thatat eenager '
sj udgmentofwhatt heywoul ddoi nagi vensi tuat i
oni sdr ivenbyt hesi mple
quest ion: '
Whatwoul dIdo? '
"Bl akemor esai d."Adul ts, ont heot herhand, ask: '
Whatwoul dIdo,
givenhowIwoul df eel andgi venhowt hepeopl ear oundmewoul df eel asar esul tofmy
actions? '"Dev elopi ngsensi ti
v i
tyChi ldrenst arttaki ngi ntoaccountot herpeopl e'sf eelings
aroundt heageoff iv e.Butt heabi l
itydev elopswel l bey ondt hisage, thenewr esear chsuggest s.
Andwhi lesomeoft hissensi ti
vitycoul dbet her esul tofundev elopedr egionsi nt hebr ain, t
he
exper iencet hatadul tsacqui ref rom soci alinteract ionsal sopl ay sani mpor tantr ole.Mypur pose
i
nr eadi ngt his: Readi ngSt rat egyIwi l
luse: 12" What ev erther easons, itiscl eart hatt eenager s
aredeal ingwi th, notonl ymassi vehor monal shi fts, butal sosubst ant ial neur al changes, "
Blakemor esai d."Thesechangesdonothappengr adual l
yandst eadi l
ybet weent heagesof
0–18.Theycomeoni ngr eatspur t
sandpuber tyi soneoft hemostdr amat icdev el
opment al
stages. "Ther esul tsoft hest udywer epr esent edt odayatt heBAFest ivalofSci encei nt heUK.
Whati st hedomi nantf eelingoft heaut hori nhi sar ticle?
-opt i
mi st i
c
Marki
ngkeywordsandsummar
izi
ng.
-
cri
ti
calr
eadi
ng

Untilthe1960s, peopleintheUni tedSt at esdi dnotpar ticularl

ypayat tenti
ont ot henatural
environment .Rat her,Amer i
canswer emor ef ocusedont heeconomy .Howev er,wit
hani ncrease
i
noi lspi l
l
s,pollutingfactori
esandpowerpl ant s, andt hel ossofwi l
derness, suddenlypeopl e
real
izest heyshar edcommonv alues.Theycal ledf oranat i
onalorganizationt oprotectthe
envir
onment .Accor dingl
y ,
onApr il22,1970, t
hef ir
stEar thDAY, 20MI LLIONAmer i
canst ookto
thest reets,
parksandaudi toriumst odemonst ratef oraheal thy,sustainableenv ir
onment .
Thousandsofcol legesanduni v
er sit
iesor ganizedpr ot est sagainstthedet eriorati
onoft he
envir
onment .Thef i
rstEarthDayl edt ot hecr eat i
onoft heUni tedStatesEnv i
ronment alProtect
ion
Agency( EPA)andt hepassageoft heCl eanAi r, CleanWat er
,andEndanger edSpeci esAct s.
PresidentRi chardNi xonandCongr esswor kedt oget hert oest abli
shedt heEPAi nresponset othe
growi ngpubl i
cdemandf orcleanerwat er,airandl and.
Priortotheest abli
shmentoft heEPA, t
henationalgover
nmentwasnotst ruct
uredtomake
coor di
natedattackont hepollut
ants,whichharm humanhealthanddegradetheenvir
onment
.
TheEPAwasassi gnedthedauntingtaskofrepair
ingthedamagealreadydonetothenat
ural
env i
ronment .
Whi choft hefollowingbestdescri
bestheauthor’satt
it
udetowardthecreati
onofEPA?
-Theaut horbelievesontheadv ocacyoftheEPA
Qui
ckl
yreadi
ngat
rav
elbr
ochur
e.
-
ski
mmi ng

Thegr
oupjoi
nedt
hedebat
econt
est
.
-
CONtest
Untilthe1960s, peopl eint heUni tedSt atesdi dnotpar ticularl
ypayat tentiont othenat ural
environment .Rat her ,Amer i
canswer emor ef ocusedont heeconomy .Howev er ,
wi than
i
ncreasei noi lspills,poll
ut ingfact or i
esandpowerpl ants, andt hel ossofwi lder ness,
suddenl ypeopl er ealizestheyshar edcommonv alues.Theycal ledf oranat ional or gani zati
on
topr otectt heenv i
ronment .Accor dingly,onApr il22,1970, thefirstEarthDAY, 20MI LLI ON
Amer i
canst ookt ot hest reets, parksandaudi t
oriumst odemonst r
at eforaheal thy,
sustainabl eenv ironment .Thousandsofcol legesanduni versi
tiesor ganizedpr otest sagai nst
thedet eriorationoft heenv ir
onment .
Thef ir
stEar thDayl edt ot hecr eat i
onoft heUni tedSt atesEnv ir
onment alPr otectionAgency
(EPA)andt hepassageoft heCl eanAi r,Cl eanWat er,andEndanger edSpeci esAct s.Pr esident
RichardNi xonandCongr esswor kedt oget hert oestabl i
shedt heEPAi nresponset ot hegr owi
ng
publicdemandf orcl eanerwat er,ai randl and.Pr iortot heest ablishmentoft heEPA, the
national gov ernmentwasnotst r
uct uredt omakecoor dinatedat tackont hepol l
utant s, which
harm humanheal thanddegr adet heenv ironment .TheEPAwasassi gnedt hedaunt i
ngt askof
repairi
ngt hedamageal readydonet othenat uralenvironment .Whydi dtheaut horment i
onthe
protestinpar agraph1?
-todescr ibet hef i
rstEar thDay

PASSAGE: Study: Teenagebr ainl acksempat hyBySar aGoudar zi Ify ouev ersenset eenager s
arenott akingy ourf eelingsi ntoaccount ,i
t'
spr obabl ybecauset hey 'rejusti ncapabl eofdoi ngso.
Thear eaoft hebr ainassoci atedwi thhi gher -
levelthinking, empat hy ,andgui l
ti sunder usedby
teenager s,repor tsanewst udy .Whenconsi deringanact i
on, t
het eenagemedi alprefront al
cortex, locatedi nf rontoft hebr ain, doesn'tgetasmuchact i
onasadul ts." Thi nkingst rategies
changewi thage, "sai dSar ahJay neBl akemor eoft heUni versit
yCol legeLondonI nst i
tuteof
Cogni tiveNeur osci ence." Asy ougetol dery ouusemor eorl esst hesamebr ainnet wor kt o
makedeci sionsabouty ouract i
onsasy oudi dwheny ouwer eat eenager , butt hecruci al
diff
er encei st hatt hedi st r
ibutionoft hatbr ainact i
vityshi f
tsf r
om t hebackoft hebr ain( when
youar eat eenager )tot hef r
ont( wheny ouar eanadul t
)."Teent hinkingI nt hest udy,teensand
adultswer easkedhowt heywoul dr eactt ocer t
ai nsi t
uat i
ons.Ast heyr esponded, r
esear chers
i
magedt heirbr ains.Al t
houghbot hadul tsandt eensr espondedsi mi larlyt ot hequest ions, t
heir
brainact i
vitydi ff
er ed.Themedi al prefrontal cortexwasmuchmor eact i
v ei nt headul t
st hanin
thet eens.Howev er ,thet eenager shadmuchmor eact ivi
tyint hesuper iort empor al sulcus,the
brainar eai nv olvedi npr edict i
ngf ut ur eactionsbasedonpr evi
ousones.Adul tswer eal somuch
fasteratf i
gur ingouthowt heiract ionswoul daf fectt hemsel vesandot herpeopl e."Wet hink
thatat eenager '
sj udgmentofwhatt heywoul ddoi nagi vensi tuat i
oni sdr ivenbyt hesi mple
quest ion: '
Whatwoul dIdo? '
"Bl akemor esai d."Adul ts,ont heot herhand, ask: '
Whatwoul dIdo,
givenhowIwoul df eel andgi venhowt hepeopl ear oundmewoul df eel asar esultofmy
actions? '"Dev elopi ngsensi ti
vityChi ldrenst arttakingi ntoaccountot herpeopl e'sfeelings
aroundt heageoff iv e.Butt heabi litydev elopswel lbey ondt hisage, thenewr esearch
suggests.Andwhi lesomeoft hi
ssensiti
vitycouldbet her esultofundev elopedregionsi nthe
brain,t
heexper i
encethatadul tsacquir
ef rom sociali
nt eractionsalsoplaysani mpor tantrole.
Mypur posei nreadi
ngt his:
Readi ngStrategyIwi l
luse: 12" Whatev erthereasons,itisclear
thatteenagersaredealingwi th,notonl
ymassi vehormonal shifts,butalsosubstantialneural
changes,"Blakemoresai d."Thesechangesdonothappengr adual l
yandst eadil
ybetweent he
agesof0–18.Theycomeoni ngreatspur t
sandpuber tyisoneoft hemostdr amatic
development alst
ages."Ther esultsofthest udywerepr esentedt odayattheBAFest ivalof
ScienceintheUK.
Whydi dtheaut horment i
onaboutt hemedi alpref
rontal cortex?
-toencourageust otakecar eofourbr ain
Not
et aki
ng.
-
cri
ti
calreadi
ng

Formal
Engl
i
shi
susedi
nAcademi
clanguage
-t
rue

Whendriv
ing,
youar
efor
cedt
oleav
ethehi
ghwaybecauseofr
oadr
epai
rs.y
out
her
efor
etur
n
awayona
-det
our

Thestudent
ssur
veyt
hei
slandwher
etheywi
l
lconductt
hei
rcasest
udi
es.
-
surVEY

Gener
alEngl
i
shr
equi
resgr
ammat
ical
compet
ence
-
fal
se

oasi
s,si
err
a,i
sthmus
-
geography
BatisaLat
inwor
dmeani
ng'
fi
ght
'.'
Tof
ightwi
th'
ist
hemeani
ng
of-combat

Lookingforadef
ini
ti
oni
nadi
cti
onar
y.
-scanni
ng

Anexposi
tor
ytexti
sanexampl
eofacademi
cEngl
i
sh.
-
True

GeneralEngli
shpert
ainstothelanguageofacademi
cdi
sci
pli
nes,
oft
ext
sandl
i
ter
atur
e,andof
extended,reasoneddiscourse.
-f
alse

Usest
op–downandbot
tom–uppr
ocesses.
-
drawi
ngconcl
usi
on

Per
sonal
Pronoun"
I"i
susedi
nAcademi
cEngl
i
sh.
-
fal
se

Whenaforesti
sent
ir
elyst
ri
ppedoft
reesandot
herpl
ant
s,wesayt
hati
thasbeen
-
defor
est
ed

AGal
l
upsur
veyshowst
hatFi
l
ipi
nosar
eamongt
hehappi
estpeopl
eint
hewor
ld.
-
SURvey
PASSAGE: St udy: Teenagebr ainlacksempat hyBySar aGoudar zi Ify ouev ersenset eenager s
arenott aki ngy ourf eelingsi nt oaccount ,it
'spr obabl ybecauset hey 'rej usti ncapabl eofdoi ngso.
Thear eaoft hebr ainassoci atedwi thhi gher -l
ev el thinking, empat hy ,andgui l
ti sunder usedby
teenager s,r epor tsanewst udy .Whenconsi der inganact i
on, t
het eenagemedi al prefront al
cortex, locat edi nf rontoft hebr ain, doesn' tgetasmuchact i
onasadul ts." Thi nkingst rategies
changewi thage, "sai dSar ahJay neBl akemor eoft heUni versit
yCol legeLondonI nst i
tuteof
Cogni tiveNeur osci ence." Asy ougetol dery ouusemor eorl esst hesamebr ainnet wor kt o
makedeci si onsabouty ouract ionsasy oudi dwheny ouwer eat eenager ,butt hecr uci al
diff
er encei st hatt hedi st r
ibut i
onoft hatbr ainact ivityshi ft
sf r
om t hebackoft hebr ain( when
youar eat eenager )t othef r
ont( wheny ouar eanadul t
)."Teent hinkingI nt hest udy ,teensand
adultswer easkedhowt heywoul dr eactt ocer tai nsi tuat i
ons.Ast heyr esponded, r
esear cher s
i
magedt hei rbr ains.Al t
houghbot hadul tsandt eensr espondedsi mi larlyt ot hequest ions, their
brainact iv
itydi ff
er ed.Themedi al prefront alcor texwasmuchmor eact ivei nt headul t
st hani n
thet eens.Howev er ,thet eenager shadmuchmor eact ivi
tyint hesuper iort empor al sulcus, the
brainar eai nv olvedi npr edict i
ngf utur eact i
onsbasedonpr evi
ousones.Adul tswer eal somuch
fasteratf i
gur ingouthowt hei ract ionswoul daf fectt hemsel vesandot herpeopl e."Wet hink
thatat eenager '
sj udgmentofwhatt heywoul ddoi nagi vensi tuat i
oni sdr ivenbyt hesi mple
quest ion: '
Whatwoul dIdo? '
"Bl akemor esai d."Adul ts, ont heot herhand, ask: '
Whatwoul dIdo,
givenhowIwoul df eel andgi venhowt hepeopl ear oundmewoul df eel asar esul tofmy
actions? '"Dev elopi ngsensi ti
v i
tyChi ldrenst arttaki ngi ntoaccountot herpeopl e'sf eelings
aroundt heageoff iv e.Butt heabi l
itydev elopswel l bey ondt hisage, thenewr esear chsuggest s.
Andwhi lesomeoft hissensi ti
vitycoul dbet her esul tofundev elopedr egionsi nt hebr ain, t
he
exper iencet hatadul tsacqui ref rom soci al i
nteract ionsal sopl ay sani mpor tantr ole.Mypur pose
i
nr eadi ngt his: Readi ngSt rat egyIwi l
luse: 12" What ev erther easons, itiscl eart hatt eenager s
aredeal ingwi th, notonl ymassi vehor monal shi fts, butal sosubst ant ial neur al changes, "
Blakemor esai d."Thesechangesdonothappengr adual l
yandst eadi l
ybet weent heagesof
0–18.Theycomeoni ngr eatspur t
sandpuber tyi soneoft hemostdr amat icdev el
opment al
stages. "Ther esul tsoft hest udywer epr esent edt odayatt heBAFest ivalofSci encei nt heUK.
Whi chst atementbestdescr ibest heaut hor ’
sat t i
tudet owar dteenager s?
-Teensdon’ tt hinkt hi ngsoutcl ear l
yandt herefor et heyar eunabl et omakel ogi cal deci sions.
I
fprogressis'
steppingfor
war d'
andr
egr
essmeans'
steppi
ngback'
,thewor
dwhi
chl
i
ter
all
y
means' st
eppi
ngt ogether
'is
-
congress

Bat
aanDeat
hMar
ch,
Wat
ergat
eScandal
,Buboni
cPl
ague-
hi
stor
y
Thewor di ster
r aci
de.I
tisnotcommi tt
edwi thgunsandkni ves, butwithrel
entl
essbull
dozers,
roari
ngdumpt rucks,andgiantshov el
slikemy t
hological
beast s.Dy namitecutsandri
psapar t
mount ainstoreacht hemineralsinsi
de,leavi
ngnot hi
ngbutempt y,nakedhil
l
s.Thelandisleft
wastedandal l
owedt osli
dedownuponhousesandi ntostreams, makingthelandunl
ivabl
eand
thestream wat erundri
nkable.Thisisterraci
de,ori
fyoupr efer
, stri
pmi ni
ng.Whatisthe
author'
spur pose?
-i
nformy ouoft hedangersoft err
acide.
Tofuisapr oductthati
sbecomi ngv er
ypopularasal ow-calori
e,chol
ester
ol-
freemeat
substi
tute.Formerlyi
twasfoundexcl usi
velyi
nOr ientalmarketsandhealt
hf oodstores,
but
todaytofucanbepur chasedinmostsuper mar ketproducedepartments.Thiswhite,
cheese
l
ikesubst anceismadef r
om thecondensedmi l
kofsoy beans.Iti
sextremelyhighinprotei
n
andlowi nsodium.Tofuisalmostt astel
essbyi t
self,
butitcanbeeasilymixedi nt
osaucesand
soups;itcanevenbemadet oimitatescrambledeggs.
Whati
stheaut
hor
'spr
imarypur
pose?
-
inf
ormther
eader
saboutalowcal
ori
edi
et
Ourcr i
minaljusti
cesystem todayi sadi sgr
ace.Moder ndaycriminalshavemor erightsthanan
honestci ti
zenev erimaginedwer ewr i
ttenintoourU.S.Constit
uti
on.Mur derersandr api
stsare
typicall
ysetf reeonlegaltechnical
iti
esandsel dom faceanyjailt
ime.Whi l
et hatscum isback
towor kfi
ndingnewv i
cti
ms, thepleasoft hosetheyhav eki
ll
ed,mai med,orv i
olat
edgounhear d.
Unt i
l webegingi vi
ngsomer ealconsiderati
ontopeoplewhoobeyt helaw, i
nsteadoft hosewho
breaki t,t
hingsaregoingt ocont i
nueget ti
ngwor se.Whatistheauthor’sperspecti
veabouthis
subj ect?
-disapproving
v
acci
nati
on,
ser
um,
car
bohy
drat
es
-
heal
th
Ourcriminaljusticesy st
em todayi sadi sgr
ace.Moder ndaycr i
mi nalshav emor erightst hanan
honestciti
zenev erimaginedwer ewr i
ttenintoourU. S.Const i
tuti
on.Mur derersandr apistsare
typi
call
ysetf reeonl egal t
echnicalit
iesandsel dom f aceanyj ail
time.Whi l
et hatscum isback
towor kfi
ndingnewv i
ctims,thepl easoft hoset heyhav ekil
l
ed, mai med, orv i
olat
edgounhear d.
Until
webegi ngi v i
ngsomer ealconsi derati
ont opeopl ewhoobeyt hel aw, i
nsteadoft hosewho
breakit,
thingsar egoi ngtocont i
nueget ti
ngwor se.
Howdi dtheaut horexpr esshi s/
herdi sappr ovaloft hecr i
minal j
usticesy stem inAmer ica?
-bycompar i
ngt hepl i
ghtofthev icti
msandt hef reedom oft hecrimi nals
ThisisPhili
ppi
nel i
ter
atureatit
sfinest.Forami ll
ennium,i
thasbeenv er
ymuchal i
ve,shapi
ng
curr
entev ent
s,inf
luenci
ngpr eval
entideologiesandsociet
aldi
ctat
es,fuel
ingourpatr
ioti
sm,
promot i
ngasenseofgr eat
ergoodandbest owinghopesandaspirat
ionsthatt
hisnation
couldinscri
beinthechronicl
eofitssoul .
Whati sthepurposeoft hespeakerinthepassage?
-t
oinformt hereadersaboutthecontributi
onofPhi l
ippi
neli
ter
atur
etoourcountry.
Tomakeadel iciousNewEngl andpie,pr oceedasf ol
l
ows: takesomewat erandfl
our;t
hen
constr
uctabullet-
proofdough.Maket hisi ntoadisk-
shapedobject.Dryitforacoupleofdaysin
ami l
dtemperature.Pouronsteweddr iedappl esandslabsofcitron;l
eavei ti
nasafeplaceunti
l
i
tpetri
fi
es.Servecoldatbreakfastandi nviteyourmother-
in-l
aw.Whati stheauthor'
spurpose?

-
ent
ert
ainof(
sat
ir
ize)NewEngl
andcooki
ng.
Anarr
ati
vetextt
ell
sast oryandusuall
yfol
l
owsaf amil
iarstr
uctur
e.Itcanbei
nthef
orm of
r
eport
ingoffact
ualevents,ort
heretel
li
ngofat
alefrom oralt
radi
ti
on.Iti
soft
enwri
tt
enin
i
nfor
mal,ever
ydayEngli
sh.
-
tr
ue

(Writ
eInformalEngli
shorAcademicEngli
sh)
:InAugust
,HenryandHenr y'
sbi
gdogMudge
al
way swentcampi ng.Theywentwit
hHenry'
sparent
s.Henry
'smot herhadbeenaCampFir
e
Girl
,sosheknewal laboutcampi
ng.Sheknewhowt osetupatent.Sheknewhowt obui
l
da
campf i
re.Sheknewhowt ocookcampf ood.
-Inf
ormal Engl
ish
"
Inresent
ingprogr
essandchange,amanl
ayshi
msel
fopent
ocensur
e."(
E.B.Whi
te,
"
ProgressandChange"
)
-
cri
ti
cism,expr
essi
onofdisappr
oval
Theref
ore
-Resul
t
Thepur
poseoft
hepsy
chi
atr
isti
stomi
ti
gat
ethesuf
fer
ingoft
hepat
ient
.
-
makemi l
der
However
-
Contr
ast
Originsoft heEngl ishLanguage
1)I nst ar ti
ngourst udyoft heEngl i
shl anguage, wemustknowsomet hingabouti ts
begi nni ngsoror igins.TheEngl ishl anguagehasi t
sbegi nni ngsi nmanyot herl anguagest hat
gof arbacki ntoanci entt imes.
2)Wemustst artourst udyasf arbackast heinvasi onoft woGer mant ribes, theAngl esandt he
Saxons, intoGr eatBr itain.Thi sinv asionoccur r
edaboutf ourhundr edy ear saf tert hebi rthof
Chr i
st .Thesebar bar ict ribesov er rant hei slandofGr eatBr itainandi ntroducedanewwayofl i
fe.
Theyal soi ntroducednewwor dsi ntot hel anguaget hatl at erbecamet heEngl ishwespeakand
wr i
tet oday .Fr om t heirGer mani cgods, forexampl e, comet heday soft heweek: Tui, t
hegodof
war( Tuesday );Woden, fatheroft hegods( Wednesday );Thor , godofThunder( Thur sday )
.
3)Thenwemustcompr ehendorunder standhowt hei nv asi onoft heNor mansi nt oGr eat
Britain-knownast hel andoft heAngl es, orEngland–al sochangedourmot hert ongue.The
Nor manswer ef rom Fr ance.I n1066t heyconquer edt heAngl esandt heSaxonsandmade
them sl av es.Theol dEngl i
shspokenbyt heAngl esandSaxonssur vi
v ed; howev er ,some
Frenchwor dswer eadded.Thesenewwor dshel pedt omakeourl anguager i
cher .Fr om these
ear l
yFr enchmen, forexampl e,thewor dpor cmeans“ pig”.Today ,weuset hewor dpor k,
howev er,onl ywhenwespeakoft hef leshofapi g.Thi sisbecauset heear lyFrenchNor mans,
ast hemast er sofEngl and, sawt heani mal onlywheni twascookedandser vedt ot hem ont he
dinnert abl e.TheAngl eandSaxonsl av es, howev er ,whot endedt heani mal whi lei twasal iv
e,
calledi tpi g.Soev ennowt hef l
eshoft hispar ti
cularani mal wheneat eni spor k, butt heani mal
i
tsel fisknownasapi g.
4)And, int urn, wemustunder standorcompr ehendhowt heFr enchl anguagebr oughtt o
Engl andbyt heNor manconquer orshadi tsrootsint heanci entl anguagesofGr eeceandRome.
Manyoft hewor dsbor rowedf rom t heNor mansatt hist ime, forexampl eshowedt he
relationshi pofar ulingcl asst oitssubj ect s.Mostoft hesewor dscanbet racedal lthewayback
toLat i
n.Thewor dconquer oritselfcomesf rom theol dFr enchwor dconquer r ewhi ch, inturn,
comesf rom t heLat i
nwor dconquar ere, whi chsimpl ymeans“ towi n”.
5)Onl ybyabr iefst udyoft hesechr onol ogicalevent sandt heiri nfl
uencescanwecompr ehend
whyt heEngl ishl anguagewespeakt odayi ssor i
chi nmeani ng.
Quest i
on: Whatt r ansi ti
onsi gnalsar eusedt oindicat echr onol ogi calev ent s?
-i
nst arting/ then
Thisisagr
oupofsent
encesdeal
i
ngwi
thonesi
ngl
eidea.
-paragr
aph

Aft
erspendi
ngt
hreeweeksi
nthehospi
tal
,Ihadasur
fei
tofday
timeTVpr
ogr
ammi
ng.
-
excessi
ve
I
ti sdif
fi
cultt
oimagi
neasurf
eitoftal
enti
noneindivi
dual
,yetLeonar
dBernst
einsi
mplydoes
nothav etheti
metomakecompleteuseofhi
stalentasconductor
,perf
ormer
,wri
ter
,and
l
ect ur
er.
-excess
I
f'gyne'i
saGreekwor
dforwoman,
thenawomanhat
eri
sa_
___
___
___
___
__
-
mi sogy
nist
(Writ
eInfor
mal Engl
ishorAcademi
cEngl
i
sh)
:Theyl
aidi
ntot
hegov
ernmentf
orf
ail
i
ngt
o
all
ocateenoughfunding.
-I
nformalEngl
ish

Theprisoner
sli
ber
atedf
rom t
heNazi
deat
hcampwer
esoemaci
atedt
hatt
heyl
ookedl
i
ke
skel
etons.
-v
erythin
AftertheRomansl ef
t,amil
lenni
um andahal
fpassedbefor
epeopl
eagai
nli
vedinsuch
comf ort.Chur
chi
l
lwr ot
e,“
From t
heyear400unt
ilt
heyear1900noonehadcent
ralheat
ingand
veryfewhadhotbat hs.
”
-1000y ears
TheGr eekword'gamos'
means'
mar
ri
age'
.Aper
sonwhohat
esmar
ri
agei
scal
l
eda
___
_ __
_____
____
__.
-
mi sogamist
Or i
ginsoft heEngl i
shLanguage
1)I nst arti
ngourst udyoft heEngl i
shl anguage, wemustknowsomet hi
ngabouti ts
begi nni ngsoror igins.TheEngl ishl anguagehasi t
sbegi nni ngsi nmanyot herl anguagest hat
gof arbacki ntoanci entt imes.
2)Wemustst artourst udyasf arbackast heinvasionoft woGer mant ri
bes, theAngl esandt he
Saxons, intoGr eatBr i
tai n.Thi sinv asionoccur r
edaboutf ourhundr edy earsaf tert hebi r
thof
Chr i
st .Thesebar bar ict ribesov er rant hei slandofGr eatBr itainandi ntroducedanewwayofl i
fe.
Theyal soi ntroducednewwor dsi ntot hel anguaget hatl at erbecamet heEngl ishwespeakand
wr i
tet oday .Fr om t hei rGer mani cgods, forexampl e,comet heday soft heweek: Tui, t
hegodof
war( Tuesday );Woden, fatheroft hegods( Wednesday );Thor , godofThunder( Thur sday )
.
3)Thenwemustcompr ehendorunder standhowt hei nv asi onoft heNor mansi nt oGr eat
Br i
tain-knownast hel andoft heAngl es, orEngland–al sochangedourmot hert ongue.The
Nor manswer ef rom Fr ance.I n1066t heyconquer edt heAngl esandt heSaxonsandmade
them sl av es.Theol dEngl i
shspokenbyt heAngl esandSaxonssur vi
v ed;howev er ,some
Frenchwor dswer eadded.Thesenewwor dshel pedt omakeourl anguager icher .Fr om these
ear l
yFr enchmen, forexampl e,thewor dpor cmeans“ pig”.Today ,weuset hewor dpor k,
howev er,onl ywhenwespeakoft hef leshofapi g.Thi sisbecauset heear l
yFr enchNor mans,
ast hemast er sofEngl and, sawt heani mal onlywheni twascookedandser v edt ot hem ont he
dinnert abl e.TheAngl eandSaxonsl av es, howev er,whot endedt heani mal whi lei twasal iv
e,
calledi tpig.Soev ennowt hef l
eshoft hispar ti
cularani mal wheneat enispor k, butt heani mal
i
tsel fisknownasapi g.
4)And, i
nt urn, wemustunder standorcompr ehendhowt heFr enchl anguagebr oughtt o
Engl andbyt heNor manconquer orshadi tsrootsint heanci entl anguagesofGr eeceandRome.
Manyoft hewor dsbor rowedf rom t heNor mansatt hist ime, forexampl eshowedt he
relationshi pofar ulingcl asst oitssubj ect s.Mostoft hesewor dscanbet racedal lthewayback
toLat in.Thewor dconquer oritselfcomesf rom theol dFr enchwor dconquer r ewhi ch, inturn,
comesf rom t heLat inwor dconquar ere, whi chsimplymeans“ towi n”.
5)Onl ybyabr iefst udyoft hesechr onol ogicaleventsandt heiri nfl
uencescanwecompr ehend
whyt heEngl ishl anguagewespeakt odayi ssor i
chi nmeani ng.
Inpar agr aph2, whatt ransi tionsignal isusedt oexplainhowt heGer mani clanguagei nfl
uenced
theEngl i
shl anguage?
-forexampl e
Thisiswherepri
maryar
gumenti
spr
esent
edf
ir
stf
oll
owedbyr
easonsandsuppor
ti
ngdet
ail
sto
provehisorherar
gument.
-t
hesisstr
uctur
e

Originsoft heEngl i
shLanguage
1)I nst artingourst udyoft heEngl ishl anguage, wemustknowsomet hi
ngabouti ts
begi nni ngsoror igins.TheEngl ishl anguagehasi t
sbegi nni ngsi nmanyot herl anguagest hat
gof arbacki nt oanci entt imes.
2)Wemustst ar tourst udyasf arbackast heinvasionoft woGer mant ri
bes, theAngl esandt he
Saxons, i
nt oGr eatBr i
tai n.Thi sinv asi onoccur r
edaboutf ourhundr edy earsaf tert hebi rthof
Chr i
st .Thesebar bar ict ribesov er rant hei slandofGr eatBr itainandi ntroducedanewwayofl i
fe.
Theyal soint roducednewwor dsi nt ot hel anguaget hatl at erbecamet heEngl ishwespeakand
wr i
tet oday .Fr om t hei rGer mani cgods, forexampl e,comet heday soft heweek: Tui, t
hegodof
war( Tuesday );Woden, fatheroft hegods( Wednesday );Thor , godofThunder( Thur sday )
.
3)Thenwemustcompr ehendorunder st andhowt hei nv asi onoft heNor mansi nt oGr eat
Britain-knownast hel andoft heAngl es, orEngl and–al sochangedourmot hert ongue.The
Nor manswer ef rom Fr ance.I n1066t heyconquer edt heAngl esandt heSaxonsandmade
them sl aves.Theol dEngl i
shspokenbyt heAngl esandSaxonssur vi
v ed;howev er ,some
Frenchwor dswer eadded.Thesenewwor dshel pedt omakeourl anguager icher .Fr om these
ear l
yFr enchmen, forexampl e,thewor dpor cmeans“ pig”.Today ,weuset hewor dpor k,
howev er,onl ywhenwespeakoft hef leshofapi g.Thi sisbecauset heear lyFr enchNor mans,
ast hemast ersofEngl and, sawt heani mal onlywheni twascookedandser v edt ot hem ont he
dinnert able.TheAngl eandSaxonsl av es, howev er,whot endedt heani mal whi lei twasal iv
e,
calledi tpi g.Soev ennowt hef l
eshoft hispar ti
cularani mal wheneat enispor k, butt heani mal
i
tsel fisknownasapi g.
4)And, intur n, wemustunder standorcompr ehendhowt heFr enchl anguagebr oughtt o
Engl andbyt heNor manconquer orshadi t srootsint heanci entl anguagesofGr eeceandRome.
Manyoft hewor dsbor rowedf rom t heNor mansatt hist ime, forexampl eshowedt he
relationshi pofar ulingcl asst oitssubj ect s.Mostoft hesewor dscanbet r acedal lthewayback
toLat i
n.Thewor dconquer oritsel fcomesf rom theol dFr enchwor dconquer r ewhi ch, inturn,
comesf r
om t heLat inwor dconquar er e, whi chsimplymeans“ towi n”.
5)Onl ybyabr i
efst udyoft hesechr onol ogi caleventsandt heiri nfl
uencescanwecompr ehend
whyt heEngl i
shl anguagewespeakt odayi ssor i
chi nmeani ng.
Whati st het opicsent encei npar agr aph3?
-Thenwemustcompr ehendorunder st andhowt heinv asi onoft heNor mansi nt oGr eatBr i
tain-
knownast hel andoft heAngl es, orEngl and–al sochangedourmot hert ongue
Suchar et
hev i
cissi
tudesofhi
stor
y.Not
hingr
emai
nst
hesame.Thr
eehundr
edy
ear
sofpeace
endedindarknessandconfusi
on.
-changes
Thereisnodoubtthatt
heideaofl
ivi
nginsuchabeni
gncli
matewasappeal
i
ng.Thei
slander
s
seemedt okeept
heirvi
tal
i
tyandli
velongert
hanEur
opeans.
-f
avorabl
e
Thejobcandidat
e’sbackgr
oundwasimpeccabl
e–goodr
efer
encesandmanyy
ear
sof
experi
ence,
butthecompanydidnotgi
veherthejob.
-noerror
"
Rogerwasthankfulf
ortheclot
heshehadchosent oweart
oday,
becausei
fther
ewasev
era
t
imeheneededsar t
ori
alarmor,itwasr
ightnow.
"(Tom Wol
fe,
AMani nFul
l
)
-
rel
atedt
oclothi
ngorstyleofdress
Likewi
se
-Compari
son
Agasol
i
neis_
___
___
___
___
_,oreasi
l
ybur
ned.
-f
lammabl
e

Aplantt hatget
sfoodf
rom t
heai
rbutgr
owsuponanot
herpl
anti
scal
l
edan
____
_ __
__ _
_____
___
__
-epiphyte

Originsoft heEngl i
shLanguage
1)I nst ar tingourst udyoft heEngl i
shl anguage, wemustknowsomet hingabouti ts
begi nni ngsoror igins.TheEngl ishl anguagehasi t
sbegi nni ngsi nmanyot herl anguagest hat
gof arbacki ntoanci entt imes.
2)Wemustst artourst udyasf arbackast heinvasionoft woGer mant ri
bes, theAngl esandt he
Saxons, int oGr eatBr i
tai n.Thi si nv asionoccur r
edaboutf ourhundr edy ear saf tert hebi rthof
Chr i
st .Thesebar bar ict ribesov er rant hei slandofGr eatBr itainandi ntr oducedanewwayofl i
fe.
Theyal soi ntroducednewwor dsi ntot hel anguaget hatl at erbecamet heEngl ishwespeakand
wr i
tet oday .Fr om t hei rGer mani cgods, forexampl e,comet heday soft heweek: Tui, t
hegodof
war( Tuesday );Woden, fatheroft hegods( Wednesday );Thor , godofThunder( Thur sday )
.
3)Thenwemustcompr ehendorunder standhowt hei nv asi onoft heNor mansi nt oGr eat
Britain-knownast hel andoft heAngl es, orEngland–al sochangedourmot hert ongue.The
Nor manswer ef rom Fr ance.I n1066t heyconquer edt heAngl esandt heSaxonsandmade
them sl av es.Theol dEngl i
shspokenbyt heAngl esandSaxonssur vi
v ed; howev er ,some
Frenchwor dswer eadded.Thesenewwor dshel pedt omakeourl anguager icher .Fr om these
ear l
yFr enchmen, forexampl e, thewor dpor cmeans“ pig”.Today ,weuset hewor dpor k,
howev er, onl ywhenwespeakoft hef leshofapi g.Thi sisbecauset heear l
yFr enchNor mans,
ast hemast er sofEngl and, sawt heani mal onlywheni twascookedandser v edt ot hem ont he
dinnert abl e.TheAngl eandSaxonsl av es, howev er,whot endedt heani mal whi lei twasal iv
e,
calledi tpi g.Soev ennowt hef leshoft hispar ti
cularani mal wheneat eni spor k, butt heani mal
i
tsel fisknownasapi g.
4)And, int urn, wemustunder st andorcompr ehendhowt heFr enchl anguagebr oughtt o
Engl andbyt heNor manconquer orshadi tsrootsint heanci entl anguagesofGr eeceandRome.
Manyoft hewor dsbor rowedf rom t heNor mansatt hist ime, forexampl eshowedt he
relationshi pofar ulingcl asst oi tssubj ect s.Mostoft hesewor dscanbet racedal lthewayback
toLat i
n.Thewor dconquer ori tselfcomesf rom theol dFr enchwor dconquer r ewhi ch, inturn,
comesf rom t heLat inwor dconquar ere, whi chsimplymeans“ towi n”.
5)Onl ybyabr iefst udyoft hesechr onol ogicaleventsandt heiri nfl
uencescanwecompr ehend
whyt heEngl ishl anguagewespeakt odayi ssor i
chi nmeani ng.
Whati st hebestsequenceoft het wot ribal i
nvasionsofGr eatBr i
taint hatmadeani nfluence
onEngl ishl anguage?
-TheAngl esandt heSaxons- >TheNor mans
Second
-
Sequence

'
Anthr
op'i
saLat
inwor
dforahumanbei
ng.Onewhohat
espeopl
eisa_
___
___
___
__
-
misanthr
opy

Consequent
ly
-Resul
t
Therei
sal
argedemandal
lov
ert
heUni
tedSt
atesf
orpl
ant
sindi
genoust
othedeser
t.-
nati
ve
TheRussi
ansareski
ll
fulatsendi
ngcrypti
cmessages,
opentomanyint
erpr
etat
ions.OurSt
ate
Depar
tmentspendsdayspuzzli
ngoverthei
rmeani
ngs.-hi
ddenmeani
ng

Thetranqui
li
zedgri
zzl
ybearwasl
ethar
gicenoughf
ort
hesci
ent
ist
stosaf
elyexami
nehi
steet
h
andtattoohi
sears.
-sl
eepy
Bobdeci
dedtobepr
udentandcal
laheadf
orr
eser
vat
ions,
inst
eadofj
ustshowi
ngup.
-
caref
ulj
udgment
Theper
iodoft
imebet
weenhappeni
ngsorev
ent
siscal
l
edt
het
ime_
___
___
___
___
___
___

(Wri
teInf
ormalEngl
ishorAcademi
cEngl
i
sh)
:Mar
ciai
sunpr
edi
ctabl
e.
-AcademicEngl
ish

Grammati
cal
l
yindependenti
nuni
t.
-sent
ence

Mybrot
hersai
d,“
Ijustf
reedmy
sel
ffr
om av
eryl
oquaci
oushi
stor
ypr
ofessor
.Al
lheseemedt
o
wantwasanaudi
ence.”
-
tal
kat
ive
(Writ
eInf
ormal
Engli
shorAcademicEngli
sh)
:Hippopotamusesaret
hethir
dheavi
estki
nd
oflandmammal i
ntheworl
d.Theyweighinr
ightaft
erelephant
sandrhi
nos.-
Academic
Engli
sh

Accor
dingl
y
-
Sequence

Originsoft heEngl ishLanguage

1)Inst artingourst udyoft heEngl ishl anguage, wemustknowsomet hi
ngabouti ts
beginni ngsoror igi
ns.TheEngl i
shl anguagehasi tsbegi nni ngsinmanyot herl anguagest hat
gof arbacki nt oanci entt imes.
2)Wemustst ar tourst udyasf arbackast heinvasionoft woGer mant ri
bes, theAngl esandt he
Saxons, i
nt oGr eatBr itain.Thi sinv asionoccur redaboutf ourhundr edy earsaf terthebi rt
hof
Christ.Thesebar barict ribesov errant hei slandofGr eatBr itai
nandi ntroducedanewwayofl i
fe.
Theyal soint roducednewwor dsi ntot hel anguaget hatl aterbecamet heEngl ishwespeakand
wr i
tetoday .Fr om t heirGer mani cgods, f
orexampl e,comet hedaysoft heweek: Tui, t
hegodof
war( Tuesday );Woden, fatheroft hegods( Wednesday );Thor ,godofThunder( Thur sday).
3)Thenwemustcompr ehendorunder standhowt hei nv asionoftheNor mansi ntoGr eat
Brit
ain-knownast hel andoft heAngl es, orEngland–al sochangedourmot hert ongue.The
Nor manswer ef rom Fr ance.I n1066t heyconquer edt heAngl esandt heSaxonsandmade
them sl aves.Theol dEngl i
shspokenbyt heAnglesandSaxonssur vi
v ed;howev er,some
Frenchwor dswer eadded.Thesenewwor dshelpedt omakeourl anguager icher .Fr om these
earlyFr enchmen, f
orexampl e,t
hewor dpor cmeans“ pig”.Today ,weuset hewor dpor k,
howev er,onl ywhenwespeakoft hef leshofapi g.Thi sisbecauset heear l
yFr enchNor mans,
ast hemast ersofEngl and, sawt heani mal onlywheni twascookedandser v edt ot hem ont he
dinnert able.TheAngl eandSaxonsl av es,howev er,whot endedt heani mal whi leitwasal i
ve,
call
edi tpi g.Soev ennowt hef l
eshoft hi
spar ti
cularani mal wheneat enispor k, butt heanimal
i
tselfisknownasapi g.
4)And, intur
n,wemustunder standorcompr ehendhowt heFr enchlanguagebr oughtt
o
Englandbyt heNor manconquer orshadi t
sr ootsint
heanci entlanguagesofGr eeceandRome.
Manyoft hewordsbor r
owedf rom theNor mansatt histime, forexampleshowedt he
relati
onshipofar ul
ingclasstoi tssubj ects.Mostoft hesewor dscanbet racedallthewayback
toLat i
n.Thewor dconquer oritselfcomesf rom theoldFrenchwor dconquer rewhich,i
ntur
n,
comesf r
om theLatinwor dconquar ere,whi chsimpl
ymeans“ towi n”
.
5)Onl ybyabr i
efstudyoft hesechr onol ogicalevent
sandt heirinfl
uencescanwecompr ehend
whyt heEnglishlanguagewespeakt odayi ssorichinmeani ng.
Whatst r
uctureoftextisusedi nt hepassage?
-thesi
sst r
ucture
Iti
semphasi
zedi
nat
opi
csent
ence.
-maini
deas

Theout
erl
ayerofaski
niscal
l
ed_
___
___
___
___
___
___
_
-epi
der
mis

An_____
____
____
___
__agr
eementi
sonet
hati
smadebet
weenoramongnat
ionsoft
he
worl
d.
-i
nter
nati
onal

Weknewhecoul
dn’
tholdoutmuchlonger
,becausehehadbeendoomedf
rom t
hebegi
nni
ng.
Oneni
ghthemethi
sinel
uctabl
efat
e.
-i
nevi
tabl
e
Thestudentswhoar
ri
vedl
atet
oldt
het
eacherani
mpl
ausi
blest
oryaboutst
oppi
ngt
owat
cha
UFO.
-
non-bel
ievabl
e
ThisisPhili
ppi
neliter
atureatit
sf i
nest.Forami ll
enni
um,i
thasbeenv er
ymuchal i
ve,shapi
ng
curr
entev ent
s,inf
luencingpreval
entideologiesandsoci
etal
dict
ates,
fuel
ingourpatr
ioti
sm,
promot i
ngasenseofgr eat
ergoodandbest owinghopesandaspir
ati
onsthatt
hisnation
couldinscri
beinthechronicl
eofi t
ssoul .
Whati stheauthor’
sv i
ewaboutt hesubject?
-pr
oud

Anothert
ermformai
nideaoft
hepassage.
-
thesisst
atement

Ori
ginsoft heEngl i
shLanguage
1)Inst ar
ti
ngourst udyoft heEngli
shl anguage, wemustknowsomet hingabouti ts
beginningsoror igi
ns.TheEngl i
shl anguagehasi tsbegi nningsinmanyot herlanguagest hat
gofarbacki ntoanci entt imes.
2)Wemustst ar tourst udyasf arbackast heinvasionoft woGer mant ri
bes,t
heAngl esandthe
Saxons, i
ntoGr eatBr i
tain.Thisinvasionoccur redaboutf ourhundredy earsaf
tert hebirt
hof
Chri
st .Thesebar bari
ct ribesoverranthei slandofGr eatBritai
nandintroducedanewwayofl i
fe.
Theyal soint
roducednewwor dsintot hel anguaget hatlaterbecamet heEngli
shwespeakand
wri
tet oday.From theirGer manicgods, forexampl e, comet hedaysoftheweek: Tui
,thegodof
war( Tuesday);Woden, fatherofthegods( Wednesday );
Thor ,godofThunder( Thursday).
3)Thenwemustcompr ehendorunder standhowt hei nvasionoftheNor mansi ntoGreat
Bri
tain-knownast helandoft heAngl es,orEngl and–al sochangedourmot hert ongue.The
Nor manswer efrom Fr ance.I n1066t heyconquer edt heAngl esandt heSaxonsandmade
them sl av es.Theol dEngl i
shspokenbyt heAnglesandSaxonssur vi
v ed;howev er ,some
Fr enchwor dswer eadded.Thesenewwor dshelpedt omakeourl anguager icher .Fr om t
hese
ear l
yFr enchmen, forexampl e,thewor dporcmeans“ pig”.Today ,weuset hewor dpor k,
howev er,onl ywhenwespeakoft hef l
eshofapi g.Thi sisbecauset heear l
yFr enchNor mans,
ast hemast ersofEngl and, sawt heani mal onlywheni twascookedandser vedt ot hem ont he
dinnert abl e.TheAngl eandSaxonsl aves,howev er,whot endedt heani mal whilei twasal i
ve,
cal l
edi tpig.Soev ennowt hef l
eshoft hi
spar ti
cularani mal wheneat enispor k,butt heanimal
i
t selfisknownasapi g.
4)And, int urn,wemustunder standorcompr ehendhowt heFr enchl anguagebr oughtt o
Engl andbyt heNor manconquer or shadi tsrootsintheanci entlanguagesofGr eeceandRome.
Manyoft hewor dsbor rowedf rom t heNor mansatt hist i
me, forexampl eshowedt he
relationshi pofar uli
ngcl asst oitssubj ects.Mostoft hesewor dscanbet racedal lthewayback
toLat i
n.Thewor dconquer oritsel fcomesf rom theol dFr enchwor dconquer rewhi ch,inturn,
comesf r
om t heLat inwor dconquar ere,whi chsimplymeans“ t
owi n”.
5)Onl ybyabr i
efst udyoft hesechr onologicaleventsandt heirinfl
uencescanwecompr ehend
whyt heEngl i
shl anguagewespeakt odayi ssorichi nmeani ng.
Whatpar agraphwr apsuporr est atest hemai nideaoft heessay ?
-par agraph5
Ifsomeone'
swr
it
ingi
snotr
eadabl
e,wewoul
dcal
li
t__
___
___
___
-il
legi
ble

Forinst
ance
-Example/
Il
lust
rat
ion

Originsoft heEngl i
shLanguage
1)I nst artingourst udyoft heEngl ishl anguage, wemustknowsomet hi
ngabouti ts
begi nni ngsoror igins.TheEngl i
shl anguagehasi t
sbegi nni ngsi nmanyot herl anguagest hat
gof arbacki nt oanci entt imes.
2)Wemustst ar tourst udyasf arbackast heinvasionoft woGer mant ri
bes, theAngl esandt he
Saxons, i
nt oGr eatBr i
tai n.Thi sinv asionoccur r
edaboutf ourhundr edy earsaf tert hebi rt
hof
Chr i
st .Thesebar bar ict ribesov errant hei slandofGr eatBr i
tainandi ntroducedanewwayofl i
fe.
Theyal soint roducednewwor dsi ntot hel anguaget hatl aterbecamet heEngl ishwespeakand
wr i
tet oday .Fr om t hei rGer mani cgods, f
orexampl e,comet heday soft heweek: Tui, t
hegodof
war( Tuesday );Woden, fatheroft hegods( Wednesday );Thor ,godofThunder( Thur sday).
3)Thenwemustcompr ehendorunder standhowt hei nv asionoft heNor mansi nt oGr eat
Britain-knownast hel andoft heAngl es, orEngland–al sochangedourmot hert ongue.The
Nor manswer ef rom Fr ance.I n1066t heyconquer edt heAngl esandt heSaxonsandmade
them sl aves.Theol dEngl i
shspokenbyt heAngl esandSaxonssur vi
v ed;howev er ,some
Frenchwor dswer eadded.Thesenewwor dshel pedt omakeourl anguager icher .Fr om these
ear l
yFr enchmen, forexampl e,t
hewor dpor cmeans“ pig”.Today ,weuset hewor dpor k,
howev er,onl ywhenwespeakoft hef leshofapi g.Thi sisbecauset heear l
yFr enchNor mans,
ast hemast ersofEngl and, sawt heani mal onlywheni twascookedandser v edt ot hem ont he
dinnert able.TheAngl eandSaxonsl av es,howev er,whot endedt heani mal whi lei twasal i
ve,
calledi tpi g.Soev ennowt hef l
eshoft hi
spar ti
cularani mal wheneat enispor k, butt heanimal
i
tsel fisknownasapi g.
4)And, intur n, wemustunder standorcompr ehendhowt heFr enchl anguagebr oughtt o
Engl andbyt heNor manconquer or shadi tsrootsint heanci entlanguagesofGr eeceandRome.
Manyoft hewor dsbor rowedf rom t heNor mansatt hist ime, forexampl eshowedt he
relationshi pofar ulingcl asst oitssubj ects.Mostoft hesewor dscanbet racedal lthewayback
toLatin.Thewor dconquerorit
sel
fcomesf rom t
heoldFrenchwordconquerrewhi
ch,
intur
n,
comesf rom t
heLatinwordconquarere,whichsi
mplymeans“ t
owin”.
5)Onl ybyabr i
efstudyofthesechronol
ogicalev
entsandthei
rinf
luencescanwecomprehend
whyt heEngl i
shlanguagewespeakt odayissorichi
nmeaning.
Whatwor dsuggeststheti
mesequenceusedi ntheessay
?
-chr
onol ogi
cal
Thisref
erstothecorr
ectpr
esent
ati
onoff
act
sandev
idencesi
nwr
it
inga
passage.-
accuracy

Moreover
-
Additi
on

Ahatr
edformeni
scal
l
ed_
___
___
___
___
___
___
__
-
misandr
y

Acombi
nat
ionoffogandi
ndust
ri
alsmoke,
cal
l
edsmog,
hasv
iti
atedt
heai
rinandar
ound
manybi
gci
ties.
-
spoi
l
I
f'miso'
meanst
ohat
e,t
henmi
sonei
sm mean_
___
___
___
___ofnewt
hings.
-
hat
red
I
fapersonbr
eaksbet
weenusi
naconv
ersat
ion,
wesayt
hathe/she_
___
___
___
___
___
__
-
int
err
upts

Originsoft heEngl i
shLanguage
1)I nst artingourst udyoft heEngl i
shl anguage, wemustknowsomet hi
ngabouti ts
begi nni ngsoror igins.TheEngl ishl anguagehasi t
sbegi nni ngsi nmanyot herl anguagest hat
gof arbacki nt oanci entt imes.
2)Wemustst ar tourst udyasf arbackast heinvasionoft woGer mant ri
bes, theAngl esandt he
Saxons, i
nt oGr eatBr i
tai n.Thi sinv asionoccur r
edaboutf ourhundr edy earsaf tert hebi rthof
Chr i
st .Thesebar bar ict ribesov er ranthei slandofGr eatBr itainandi ntroducedanewwayofl i
fe.
Theyal soint roducednewwor dsi ntot hel anguaget hatl at erbecamet heEngl ishwespeakand
wr i
tet oday .Fr om t hei rGer mani cgods, f
orexampl e,comet heday soft heweek: Tui, t
hegodof
war( Tuesday );Woden, fatheroft hegods( Wednesday );Thor ,godofThunder( Thur sday )
.
3)Thenwemustcompr ehendorunder standhowt hei nv asi onoft heNor mansi nt oGr eat
Britain-knownast hel andoft heAngl es, orEngland–al sochangedourmot hert ongue.The
Nor manswer ef rom Fr ance.I n1066t heyconquer edt heAngl esandt heSaxonsandmade
them sl aves.Theol dEngl i
shspokenbyt heAngl esandSaxonssur vi
v ed;howev er ,some
Frenchwor dswer eadded.Thesenewwor dshel pedt omakeourl anguager icher .Fr om these
ear l
yFr enchmen, forexampl e,thewor dpor cmeans“ pig”.Today ,weuset hewor dpor k,
howev er,onl ywhenwespeakoft hef leshofapi g.Thi sisbecauset heear l
yFr enchNor mans,
ast hemast ersofEngl and, sawt heani mal onlywheni twascookedandser v edt ot hem ont he
dinnert able.TheAngl eandSaxonsl av es,howev er,whot endedt heani mal whi lei twasal iv
e,
calledi tpi g.Soev ennowt hef l
eshoft hi
spar ti
cularani mal wheneat enispor k, butt heani mal
i
tsel fisknownasapi g.
4)And, intur n, wemustunder standorcompr ehendhowt heFr enchl anguagebr oughtt o
Engl andbyt heNor manconquer orshadi tsrootsint heanci entlanguagesofGr eeceandRome.
Manyoft hewor dsbor rowedf rom t heNor mansatt hist ime, forexampl eshowedt he
relationshi pofar ulingcl asst oitssubj ects.Mostoft hesewor dscanbet racedal lthewayback
toLat i
n.Thewor dconquer oritselfcomesf rom theol dFr enchwor dconquer r ewhi ch, inturn,
comesf rom theLatinwordconquarere,whi chsimplymeans“towin”.
5)Onl ybyabr i
efstudyofthesechr
onologi calevent
sandt hei
rinf
luencescanwecompr
ehend
whyt heEnglishlanguagewespeakt odayissor i
chinmeaning.
Invocabularylearni
ng,‘Conquar
rer
’and‘ por c’
areexamplesof?
-st
ructural
anal y
sis
Thei
rvoci
fer
ouschat
termademewi
shIhadear
plugs.
-l
oud
TheGreatFl
oodofNoah’
sdaywascausedbyi
ncessantr
aint
hatf
ell
for40day
sandni
ght
s.
-
non-
stop
Inancientt
imes,
itwasv
eryi
mpor
tantt
obui
l
dcast
leswi
th_
___
___
___
___
_for
ts.
-impregnabl
e

Itr
estatesthemai
nar
gumenti
nthei
ntr
oduct
orypar
tbutusi
ngot
herwor
ds.
-conclusi
on

(Writ
eInformalEngli
shorAcademi cEngli
sh):
ReportshowsOr egondoingwel lon"
highl
yquali
fi
ed"t
eacherrequi
rements
EUGENE, Ore.(
AP)--Mor ethan80percentofOregonstudent
slastspri
ngwerebeingtaughtby
teacherswhomeett hefederalgover
nment'snewdefi
niti
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i
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"accor
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heOr egonDepar t
mentofEducati
on.

(Writ
eInfor
mal Engl
i
shorAcademi
cEngl
i
sh)
:NowDr
agoncoul
dnotf
iti
ntohi
scar
,"Oh!What
am Igoingtodo?"cri
edDr
agon.
-I
nformalEngl
ish

Originsoft heEngl ishLanguage

1)Inst artingourst udyoft heEngl ishl anguage, wemustknowsomet hi
ngabouti ts
beginni ngsoror igi
ns.TheEngl i
shl anguagehasi t
sbegi nni ngsi nmanyot herl anguagest hat
gof arbacki nt oanci entt imes.
2)Wemustst ar tourst udyasf arbackast heinvasionoft woGer mant ri
bes, theAngl esandt he
Saxons, i
nt oGr eatBr itain.Thi sinv asionoccur r
edaboutf ourhundr edy earsaf tert hebi rt
hof
Christ .Thesebar barict ribesov errant hei slandofGr eatBr i
tainandi ntroducedanewwayofl i
fe.
Theyal soint roducednewwor dsi ntot hel anguaget hatl aterbecamet heEngl ishwespeakand
wr i
tet oday .Fr om t heirGer mani cgods, f
orexampl e,comet heday soft heweek: Tui, t
hegodof
war( Tuesday );Woden, fatheroft hegods( Wednesday );Thor ,godofThunder( Thur sday).
3)Thenwemustcompr ehendorunder standhowt hei nv asionoft heNor mansi nt oGr eat
Brit
ai n-knownast hel andoft heAngl es, orEngland–al sochangedourmot hert ongue.The
Nor manswer ef rom Fr ance.I n1066t heyconquer edt heAngl esandt heSaxonsandmade
them sl aves.Theol dEngl i
shspokenbyt heAngl esandSaxonssur vi
v ed;howev er ,some
Frenchwor dswer eadded.Thesenewwor dshel pedt omakeourl anguager icher .Fr om these
earlyFr enchmen, f
orexampl e,t
hewor dpor cmeans“ pig”.Today ,weuset hewor dpor k,
howev er,onl ywhenwespeakoft hef leshofapi g.Thi sisbecauset heear l
yFr enchNor mans,
ast hemast ersofEngl and, sawt heani mal onlywheni twascookedandser v edt ot hem ont he
dinnert able.TheAngl eandSaxonsl av es,howev er,whot endedt heani mal whi lei twasal i
ve,
call
edi tpi g.Soev ennowt hef l
eshoft hi
spar ti
cularani mal wheneat enispor k, butt heanimal
i
tselfi sknownasapi g.
4)And, intur n, wemustunder standorcompr ehendhowt heFr enchl anguagebr oughtt o
Engl andbyt heNor manconquer or shadi tsrootsint heanci entlanguagesofGr eeceandRome.
Manyoft hewor dsbor rowedf rom t heNor mansatt hist ime, forexampl eshowedt he
relat
ionshi
pofar uli
ngclasstoit
ssubjects.Mostoft hesewor dscanbet racedal
ltheway
backt oLati
n.Thewor dconquerori
tsel
fcomesf rom theoldFrenchwor dconquer
rewhich,i
n
turn,comesfrom theLatinwordconquarere,whichsimplymeans“ t
owi n”
.
5)Onl ybyabriefstudyofthesechr
onologicaleventsandt hei
rinf
luencescanwecompr ehend
whyt heEngli
shlanguagewespeakt odayi ssor i
chinmeani ng.
Whatki ndofreadingstr
ategyusedinfi
ndingt heanswerf ornumber7?
-scanning
Awitt
ystat
ementuponsomemat
teri
san_
___
___
___
___
___
-epi
gram

Or iginsoft heEngl i
shLanguage
1)I nst artingourst udyoft heEngl i
shl anguage, wemustknowsomet hi
ngabouti ts
begi nni ngsoror igins.TheEngl ishl anguagehasi t
sbegi nni ngsi nmanyot herl anguagest hat
gof arbacki nt oanci entt imes.
2)Wemustst ar tourst udyasf arbackast hei nvasionoft woGer mant ri
bes, theAngl esandt he
Saxons, i
nt oGr eatBr i
tai n.Thi sinv asi onoccur r
edaboutf ourhundr edy earsaf tert hebi rthof
Chr ist .Thesebar bar ict ribesov er rant hei sl andofGr eatBr itainandi ntroducedanewwayofl i
fe.
Theyal soint roducednewwor dsi ntot hel anguaget hatl at erbecamet heEngl ishwespeakand
wr itet oday .Fr om t hei rGer mani cgods, f
orexampl e,comet heday soft heweek: Tui, t
hegodof
war( Tuesday );Woden, fatheroft hegods( Wednesday );Thor , godofThunder( Thur sday )
.
3)Thenwemustcompr ehendorunder standhowt hei nv asi onoft heNor mansi nt oGr eat
Br it
ai n-knownast hel andoft heAngl es, orEngl and–al sochangedourmot hert ongue.The
Nor manswer ef rom Fr ance.I n1066t heyconquer edt heAngl esandt heSaxonsandmade
them sl aves.Theol dEngl i
shspokenbyt heAngl esandSaxonssur vi
v ed;howev er ,some
Fr enchwor dswer eadded.Thesenewwor dshel pedt omakeourl anguager icher .Fr om these
ear lyFr enchmen, forexampl e,thewor dpor cmeans“ pig”.Today ,weuset hewor dpor k,
howev er,onl ywhenwespeakoft hef leshofapi g.Thi sisbecauset heear l
yFr enchNor mans,
ast hemast ersofEngl and, sawt heani mal onlywheni twascookedandser v edt ot hem ont he
dinnert able.TheAngl eandSaxonsl av es,howev er,whot endedt heani mal whi lei twasal iv
e,
cal l
edi tpi g.Soev ennowt hef l
eshoft hi
spar ti
cularani mal wheneat enispor k, butt heani mal
i
t sel fisknownasapi g.
4)And, intur n, wemustunder standorcompr ehendhowt heFr enchl anguagebr oughtt o
Engl andbyt heNor manconquer orshadi tsr ootsint heanci entl anguagesofGr eeceandRome.
Manyoft hewor dsbor rowedf rom t heNor mansatt hist ime, forexampl eshowedt he
relat ionshi pofar ulingcl asst oitssubj ects.Mostoft hesewor dscanbet racedal lthewayback
toLat i
n.Thewor dconquer oritselfcomesf rom theol dFr enchwor dconquer r ewhi ch, inturn,
comesf r
om t heLat inwor dconquar er e,whi chsi mplymeans“ towi n”.
5)Onl ybyabr i
efst udyoft hesechr onol ogical eventsandt heiri nfl
uencescanwecompr ehend
whyt heEngl i
shl anguagewespeakt odayi ssor i
chi nmeani ng.
Whi chst atementi st ruebasedont hedef initi
onf rom thepassage?
-all oft hechoi ces
Hi
slucidl
ect
ures,
alongwi
thhi
scl
ear
lypr
esent
edexpl
anat
ions,
madehi
m apopul
ar
pr
ofessor
.
Ahatr
edf
orar
gumenti
s__
___
___
___
___
_
-
misol
ogy
e

Manyyearsbef
ore,
Caesar’
smenhadtri
edandfail
edt
oinv
adeBrit
ain.Nodoubtt
his
cont
ri
butedtot
hexenophobiaoft
heRomans.Theywer
ecaut
iousaboutstr
anger
swho
enter
edt
heircount
ry.
-f
earoff
orei
gners
Originsoft heEngl i
shLanguage
1)I nst artingourst udyoft heEngl i
shl anguage, wemustknowsomet hi
ngabouti ts
begi nni ngsoror igins.TheEngl ishl anguagehasi t
sbegi nni ngsi nmanyot herl anguagest hat
gof arbacki nt oanci entt imes.
2)Wemustst artourst udyasf arbackast heinvasionoft woGer mant ri
bes, theAngl esandt he
Saxons, i
nt oGr eatBr i
tai n.Thi sinv asionoccur r
edaboutf ourhundr edy earsaf tert hebi rthof
Chr i
st .Thesebar bar ict ribesov er rant hei slandofGr eatBr itainandi ntroducedanewwayofl i
fe.
Theyal soint roducednewwor dsi ntot hel anguaget hatl at erbecamet heEngl ishwespeakand
wr i
tet oday .Fr om t hei rGer mani cgods, forexampl e,comet heday soft heweek: Tui, t
hegodof
war( Tuesday );Woden, fatheroft hegods( Wednesday );Thor , godofThunder( Thur sday )
.
3)Thenwemustcompr ehendorunder standhowt hei nv asi onoft heNor mansi nt oGr eat
Britain-knownast hel andoft heAngl es, orEngland–al sochangedourmot hert ongue.The
Nor manswer ef rom Fr ance.I n1066t heyconquer edt heAngl esandt heSaxonsandmade
them sl aves.Theol dEngl i
shspokenbyt heAngl esandSaxonssur vived;howev er ,some
Frenchwor dswer eadded.Thesenewwor dshel pedt omakeourl anguager icher .Fr om these
ear l
yFr enchmen, forexampl e,thewor dpor cmeans“ pig”.Today ,weuset hewor dpor k,
howev er,onl ywhenwespeakoft hef leshofapi g.Thi sisbecauset heear l
yFr enchNor mans,
ast hemast ersofEngl and, sawt heani mal onlywheni twascookedandser v edt ot hem ont he
dinnert able.TheAngl eandSaxonsl av es, howev er,whot endedt heani mal whi lei twasal iv
e,
calledi tpi g.Soev ennowt hef l
eshoft hispar ti
cularani mal wheneat enispor k, butt heani mal
i
tsel fisknownasapi g.
4)And, intur n, wemustunder standorcompr ehendhowt heFr enchl anguagebr oughtt o
Engl andbyt heNor manconquer orshadi tsrootsint heanci entl anguagesofGr eeceandRome.
Manyoft hewor dsbor rowedf rom t heNor mansatt hist ime, forexampl eshowedt he
relationshi pofar ulingcl asst oitssubj ect s.Mostoft hesewor dscanbet racedal lthewayback
toLat i
n.Thewor dconquer oritselfcomesf rom theol dFr enchwor dconquer r ewhi ch, inturn,
comesf r
om t heLat inwor dconquar ere, whi chsimplymeans“ towi n”.
5)Onl ybyabr iefst udyoft hesechr onol ogicaleventsandt heiri nfl
uencescanwecompr ehend
whyt heEngl i
shl anguagewespeakt odayi ssor i
chi nmeani ng.
Whati st hemai ni deaoft heessay ?
-TheEngl i
shl anguagehasi tsbegi nningsi nmanyot herl anguagest hatgof arbacki ntoanci ent
ti
mes.
Hewassoi
mpudentt
ohi
smot
hert
hatIwoul
dhav
epuni
shedhi
mifhet
alkedt
omet
hat
way.
-
rude
Animportantparti
napassaget
hatpr
ovi
desev
idencest
othet
hesi
sst
atementor
mainargument.
-support
ingdetai
ls
Ori
ginsoftheEngli
shLanguage
1)Instar
ti
ngourst udyoft heEngl
ishl anguage,wemustknowsomet hi
ngabouti t
s
beginni
ngsororigi
ns.TheEngl i
shl anguagehasi tsbeginningsinmanyotherlanguagesthat
gofarbackintoancientt imes.
2)Wemustst artourst udyasf arbackast heinvasi
onoft woGer mantri
bes,t
heAngl esandthe
Saxons,i
ntoGreatBr i
tain.Thisinvasionoccurredaboutf ourhundredyear
safterthebirt
hof
Chri
st.Thesebarbari
ct ribesoverr
ant hei sl
andofGr eatBritai
nandint
roducedanewwayofl i
fe.
Theyalsoint
roducednewwor dsintot helanguagethatlaterbecametheEngli
shwespeak
andwr itet oday.Fr om theirGer mani cgods, forexampl e, comet heday softheweek: Tui,t
he
godofwar( Tuesday );Woden, f
at herofthegods( Wednesday );Thor,godofThunder
(Thur sday ).
3)Thenwemustcompr ehendorunder standhowt hei nv asionoft heNor mansi nt oGr eat
Britain-knownast helandoft heAngl es,orEngl and–al sochangedourmot hert ongue.The
Nor manswer efrom Fr ance.I n1066t heyconquer edt heAngl esandt heSaxonsandmade
them sl av es.Theol dEngl i
shspokenbyt heAngl esandSaxonssur vi
v ed;howev er ,some
Frenchwor dswer eadded.Thesenewwor dshel pedt omakeourl anguager icher .Fr om these
ear l
yFr enchmen, forexampl e,thewor dporcmeans“ pig”.Today ,weuset hewor dpor k,
howev er,onl ywhenwespeakoft hef l
eshofapi g.Thi sisbecauset heear l
yFr enchNor mans,
ast hemast ersofEngl and, sawt heani mal onl ywheni twascookedandser v edt ot hem ont he
dinnert abl e.TheAngl eandSaxonsl aves,howev er,whot endedt heani mal whi l
ei twasal i
ve,
calledi tpig.Soev ennowt hef l
eshoft hi
spar ti
cularani mal wheneat enispor k,butt heani mal
i
tsel fisknownasapi g.
4)And, int urn,wemustunder standorcompr ehendhowt heFr enchl anguagebr oughtt o
Engl andbyt heNor manconquer orshadi tsroot sintheanci entlanguagesofGr eeceandRome.
Manyoft hewor dsbor rowedf rom t heNor mansatt hist ime, forexampl eshowedt he
relationshi pofar uli
ngcl asst oitssubj ects.Mostoft hesewor dscanbet racedal lthewayback
toLat i
n.Thewor dconquer oritselfcomesf rom t heol dFr enchwor dconquer r ewhi ch, inturn,
comesf rom t heLat inwor dconquar ere,whi chsi mplymeans“ t
owi n”.
5)Onl ybyabr i
efst udyoft hesechr onological eventsandt heirinfl
uencescanwecompr ehend
whyt heEngl i
shl anguagewespeakt odayi ssor ichi nmeani ng.
Whatt ransi t
ionsi gnal i
susedi npar agraph3?
-then
(
WriteI
nfor
malEngl
i
shorAcademi
cEngl
i
sh)
:She'
sabi
tofal
oosecannon
-
Inf
ormalEngl
i
sh

Visi
ti
ngmystudents’
placesisl
ikewalki
ngalongalaby
rint
hofhouseswi
thv
erynar
row
andwindi
ngstr
eets.
-amaze,apl
acewher eit
'shar
dt of
indyourwayaround
Thi
siswherethemai
npoi
ntt
heaut
horwant
stoemphasi
zei
napar
agr
aphi
sfound.
-t
opicsent
ence

(Writ
eInfor
malEnglishorAcademi
cEngl
i
sh)
:Theycr
it
ici
zedt
hegov
ernmentf
orf
ail
i
ngt
o
all
ocateenoughfunding.
-AcademicEngl
ish

Fir
st
-Sequence

Thi
siswheretheaut
hordi
scussest
hecent
ral
ideaandhowt
hedi
scussi
onwi
l
lbeor
gani
zed.
-
int
roduct
ion

(
WriteI
nfor
malEngl
i
shorAcademi
cEngl
i
sh)
:Of
ftoZamboangat
oday
.Lot
stov
isi
tther
e.
-
Inf
ormalEngl
i
sh
Fur
ther
more
-Addi
ti
on

Theambigui
tyofJoe’
sdi
rect
ionsmadei
tal
mosti
mpossi
blet
ofi
ndhi
shouse.
-
noclearmeani
ng
(Wr
it
eI nf
ormalEngl
ishorAcademi
cEngl
i
sh)
:Wewentt
oSubi
cfort
heweekend.Wehav
eal
ot
oft
hingstotel
lyou.
-
AcademicEngli
sh

Thespeakerorwri
terst
art
sbypr
esent
inganar
gumentei
therexpl
i
citori
mpl
i
citbef
orear
ri
vi
ng
ataconclusi
on.
-subj
ect
ive

Awordi
sfor
medf
rom t
hei
nit
ial
let
ter
sorsy
ll
abl
es.
-
Acr
onymy

Uni
tyofal
lsent
encesi
napar
agr
aph.
-
cohesi
on

Supportsmainargumentswit
hcont
ri
but
ionsf
rom l
i
ter
aryaut
hor
it
iesand
ref
erences.-Pr
oofs/evi
dences

Thepr
ocessoffor
mingawor
dfr
om t
wowor
dsorpar
tsoft
wowor
dsbei
ng
combi
ned.-Bl
endi
ng

Caesar
eani
sanexampl
eof-
-Fol
kOrPopul
arEt
ymol
ogy

t
wirl
comesf
rom t
hewor
d--
-
tur
nandswi
rl

Ashor
tenedf
orm ofawor
d.
-cl
i
ppi
ng

l
abcomesfrom t
hewor
d-
-
Labor
ator
y

Thewordunder
goeschangesi
nmeani
ngt
omakei
tmor
eli
keaf
ami
l
iarwor
d.
-
Blendi
ng

Iti
spresenti
ngt
hei
deasandsent
encesi
nal
ogi
cal
way
.
-coherence

Awor dcombinati
onoftwoort
hreewor
dsputt
oget
hert
ofor
m anewwor
dwi
thameani
ng
di
ff
erentfrom i
tspar
ts.
-Cl
ipping

Ascienti
fi
ct y
peofar
gument
ati
vet
extbasedonagi
vendat
afr
om bi
bli
ogr
aphi
cref
erencesof
r
elevantauthors.
-
objecti
ve

I
sdefi
nedasj ust
if
yinganopi
nionort
hesi
sthr
oughr
easoni
ngwi
tht
heai
m ofchangi
ngt
he
v
iewsofotherperson.
-
Argument
ation

Tigonisanexampl
eof-
-
-Blendi
ng
Ispresent
edint
het
hesi
sst
atement
.
-Proposit
ion

LASERst
andsfor--
-Li
ghtAmpl
if
icat
ionbySt
imul
atedEmi
ssi
onofRadi
ati
on

Atypeofdiscour
seconcer
nedwi
thpr
esent
ati
onandev
aluat
ionofar
gument
stoper
suadeand
convi
ncetheaudience.
-Ar
gumentati
veText

Aimedtoref
utet
heargument
sori
deasagai
nstt
hemai
nthesi
stobedev
eloped.
-negat
ivear
gument

Awordiscutei
theratt
hebegi
nni
ngoratt
heend.
-Cl
i
pping

I
tinvol
vesexposi
ti
on,
expl
anat
ion,
def
ini
ti
onori
nter
pret
ati
onofagi
veni
ssue.
-
object
ive

Thespeakerorwr
it
erdesi
ret
ocommuni
cat
ecer
tai
nideast
opr
ovoket
heaudi
ence.
-subj
ect
ive

Aimedtorei
nfor
cethet
rut
hoft
het
hesi
sbasedonr
elev
antaut
hor
s,per
sonal
exper
ience
oranal
ogy.
-posi
ti
veargument

Opposit
ethought
sot
hersi
deoft
hei
ssueoft
hear
gumentar
epr
esent
ed.
-
Refutat
ion

Aty
peofargumentat
ivet
extf
oundi
nresear
chdocument
sexper
iment
sandf
iel
d
r
eport
s-obj
ecti
ve

(
hel
p)y
ouwi
tht
hehousewor
kinal
i
ttl
ewhi
l
e.

Iwi
l
lhel
p

Wheny
oumakeani
n-t
extci
tat
ioni
nMLAf
ormat
,besur
etogi
ve:

Al
loft
hechoi
ces

Hur
ryup!Thet
rai
n depar
ts 
i
n10mi
nut
es.

Pr
edi
cti
ons/
stat
ement
soff
act

Al
phabet
ical
li
sti
ngofal
lwor
ksci
tedbyt
hel
astnamesoft
heaut
hor
s.

Li
ter
atur
eCi
ted

Av
oidkeepi
ngt
he_
___
___
___
__sent
encest
ruct
ure.

Same

Hi
sanal
ysi
soft
hepr
obl
em i
s__
___
___
___
___
__wr
ong.

Al
toget
her
Howdoest
heconceptpaperusei
nthef
iel
dofr
esear
ch?

agui
def
ort
hei
mpl
ement
ati
onoft
hepr
ogr
am orf
ull
proposal

Taki
ngdi
recti
nfor
mat
ionf
rom at
extandci
ti
ngwher
eyougott
hemat
eri
al.

Summar
izi
ng

I
nwr i
ti
ngaconceptpaper
,whyi
sther
eaneedt
ost
atet
hepr
obl
em andt
hegoal
oft
he
pr
oject
?

noneoft
hechoi
ces

I
tpr
esent
st hesummar
yoft
hedat
afr
om t
heexper
iment
sanddi
scussi
onsof
t
hei
rimpl
icati
ons.

Resul
ts/
Discussi
on

I
dent
if
ythepr
operAPAFor
mati
n-t
extci
tat
ion.

Gibson,1987,
confi
rmedthedi
scov
eryofColemant
hatel
ephant
sfearcheese,
andt
hati
t
occursamongbothAfr
icanandAsi
anelephant
s.

Asummar yoft
hepur
poseoft
her
epor
t,t
hedat
apr
esent
ed,
andt
heaut
hor
'smaj
or
concl
usi
ons.

.Abst
ract

Caesar
eani
sanexampl
eof

Fol
kOrPopul
arEt
ymol
ogy

Aposi
ti
onpaperi
sal
socal
l
ed,

poi
ntofv
iewpaper

Usequot
ati
onmar
ksi
nquot
ingf
ivesent
ences.

Fal
se

Deduct
ivemeans,
from gener
alt
ospeci
fi
c

At
ypeofquest
ionnai
ret
hatr
equi
reschoosi
ngar
esponsef
rom di
ff
erentchoi
ces.

Mul
ti
pleChoi
ceQuest
ionnai
res

Whati
sthecor
rectAPAf
ormati
nmot
ionpi
ctur
es?

Par
amountPi
ctur
es.Smi
th,J.D.(
Producer
),&Smi
thee,
A.F.(
Dir
ect
or)
.(2001)
.Real
l
ybi
g
di
sast
ermovi
e[Moti
onpi
cture]
.Unit
edStates
Pr
esentst
hepr
ocessesi
nget
ti
ngt
her
esul
ts.
Method
Cl
air
e'scaris__
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
herbr
other
's.
di
ff
erentthan

1.)Chooset hel et t
eroft hesent encet hatshowst hecor rectsent enceconst r
uction.
=Usi ngdr onescanr epor tstori
eswi thoutget ti
ngr isksofper sonal injur
yt oreport
ers.
=Isi tpossi blet ot ravel throughspacei nashor tper i
odoft ime?
=HughesEl ect r onicswi thit
sdi rectTVcanbeam cabl edir
ect l
yt oy ourhome.
=Af tersur fi
ngt hei nternetf oranhour ,Erwi nleftthecomput er.
2.)Chooset heconci sesent encebel ow.
=Thi si st hemostat tract iv
eof ferI'
ver eceived.
=Wecanachi ev eourgoal st hr
oughcooper ati
on.
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ght.
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3.)Wr i
t ethecor r ectv er bfor m( i
npr esentandpr esentcont i
nuoust ense)oft he
verbsi nsidet hepar ent heses.( REDPOYUNGSAGOT)
=Notl ike: Don' tl ike
=Do: Isdoi ng
=Notmi nd: Don' tmi nd
=Recogni ze: Recogni ze
=NotBel ieve: Don' tBel iev e
=Pr efer :Pref er
4.)Compl etet hef ollowi ngwi t
hsi mpl epresent ,pr esentcont inuous, presentperfect
orpr esentper f ectcont inuousf ormsoft hev erbsi nparent heses.( REDPOYUNG
SAGOT)( BLUE
POYUNGSAGOTNAHI NDINAI TAMANGOED.IMEANTAMAPOSI YAPEROHI NDI
TINAMANGOED)
=Begi n: Hadbegi n
=Make: Make
=Incr ease: HadI ncr eased
=At tract :Attract s
=Pay :Pay s
=Recei ve: Recei v es
=Be: Ar e
=St udy / Usual ly: Usual l
y
5.)Thei temsbel owr equi r
est woanswer s.First,identif
yt hecor rectmeani ngof
theunder li
nedwor dint hesent ence.Fort hesecondone, givewhi cht ypeof
cont extcl uet hewor dis.Dr aganddr opthecor rectanswert othebl anks.
=Oyst er:AShel l
;Def ini
ti
on
=Spor adic:Appear i
ngi nScat t
eredInstance;Restatement
=Tawdr y :CheaporUgl yinAppear ance;Contrast/Antonym
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=Gruel i
ng: VeryDi ffi
cult;Restatement
=Eccent ri
c: Bi
zar re;Sy nonym
6.
)Dr aganddr opt hecor rectanswert otheblanks.(Tr
ansi
tion)[
Sunod-
sunodpo'
to]
=Asar esult
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=Mor eov er
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=Ther efore
7.
)Looki ngf oradef init
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=Scanni ng
8.
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=Crit
ical Readi ng

9.)Errorinpr inti
ngi scall
ed_ ___
_ ___
_ _
______
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________
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11.)Inanci enttimes,itwasv eryi
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ngquest i
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ticalReadi ng
14.)Thel anguageusedi nt heclassroom andi nprofessi
onalsett
ing.
=Academi cEngl i
sh
15.)Thewr i
tercommuni catescer tainideastoprovoketheaudience._
______
_ _
=Subj ective
16.)Whopr ovidethisdefinitiononr eading?
=Hudel son
Quest
ion1
Quest
iont
ext

Hav
inganact
ivel
i
fest
ylecanhel
pmanageone'
sst
ress.

Sel
ectone:
Tr
ue
Fal
se

Quest
ion2
Quest
iont
ext

Ahugepar
tofMil
a'
sexerci
set
rai
ningi
ncludesj
oggi
ngandcardioexer
cises.Whi
chof
t
hefol
lowi
ngcomponent
sofphysi
calf
it
nessshewil
lmostl
ikelydevel
op?

Sel
ectone:
a.Fl
exi
bil
i
ty
b.Muscul
arst
rengt
h
c.Muscul
arendur
ance
d.Aer
obi
ccapaci
ty

Quest
ion3
Quest
iont
ext

Aer
obi
cwor
kouti
scapabl
eofr
eli
evi
ngone'
sst
ress.

Sel
ectone:
Tr
ue
Fal
se

Quest
ion4
Quest
iont
ext

Whi
choft
hef
oll
owi
ngFI
TTpr
inci
plesr
efer
stot
hedur
ati
onofanexer
cisesessi
on?
Sel
ectone:
a.Fr
equency
b.I
ntensi
ty
c.Ti
me
d.Ty
pe

Queston5
i
Notyetanswer
ed
Markedoutof1.
00
Thef
oodst
hatemot
ional
eat
erscr
avear
eof
tenr
efer
redt
oas:

Sel
ectone:
a.Fuel
food
b.Soci
alf
ood
c.Sweet
s
d.Comf
ortf
ood

Queston6
i
Notyetanswer
ed
Markedoutof1.
00
Quest
iont
ext

Ther
ear
enopot
ent
ial
war
ningsi
gnsf
oremot
ional
eat
ing.

Sel
ectone:
Tr
ue
Fal
se

Queston7
i
Notyetanswer
ed
Quest
iont
ext

Psychol
ogical
l
y,peopl
ewhot endtoconnectf
oodwithcomfort
,power
,orforany
otherr
easonsthanprovi
dingfuel
tothei
rbodycanbepronetoemoti
onaleati
ng.

Sel
ectone:
Tr
ue
Fal
se

Quest
ion8
Quest
iont
ext

Whi
choft
hef
oll
owi
ngi
sNOTat
ypeofphy
sical
act
ivi
ty?
Sel
ectone:
a.Bi
ki
ngt
otheof
fi
ce
b.Cl
eani
ngt
hehouse
c.Nocor
rectanswer
d.Runni
ng

Queston9
i
Notyetanswer
ed
Quest
iont
ext

Heal
thprof
essi
onalsareabl
etoassessemot
ional
eat
ingt
hroughphy
sical
and
mental
healt
hscreeni
ng.

Sel
ectone:
Tr
ue
Fal
se

Queston1
i 0
Notyetanswer
ed
Quest
iont
ext

Menandwomenar
eaf
fect
edbysoci
aleat
ingdi
ff
erent
ly.

Sel
ectone:
Tr
ue
Fal
se

Quest
ion11
Quest
iont
ext

Whi
choft
hef
oll
owi
ngi
sleastl
i
kel
ytohappent
osomeonewhonegl
ect
sphy
sical
act
ivi
ti
es?

Sel
ectone:
a.He/
shewi
l
lexper
iencemor
est
ress
b.He/
shewi
l
lbecomeov
erwei
ght
c.He/
shewi
l
lfeel
phy
sical
l
yweak
d.He/
shewi
llbeabl
eli
veaheal
thy
,nor
mall
if
e

Quest
ion12
Quest
iont
ext

Thi
sref
erst
otheabil
i
tyoft
hehear
t,l
ungsandbl
oodv
essel
stosuppl
yoxy
genand
nut
ri
ent
sthr
oughoutt
hebody.
Sel
ectone:
a.Aer
obi
cCapaci
ty
b.Fl
exi
bil
i
ty
c.Muscul
arst
rengt
h
d.Bodycomposi
ti
on
e.Muscul
arendur
ance

Quest
ion13
Quest
iont
ext

Sar
aisanaspi
ringfi
gur
eskat
er.St
ret
chingisanimpor
tantpar
tofherexerciserout
ine.
Sar
aistr
yingt
oi mpr
oovewhi
chofthefoll
owingcomponentsofphy
sicalf
itness?

Sel
ectone:
a.Muscul
arSt
rengt
h
b.Aer
obi
cCapaci
ty
c.Fl
exi
bil
i
ty
d.Muscul
arendur
ance

Quest
ion14
Quest
iont
ext

Whi
choft
hef
oll
owi
ngar
ebenef
it
sofhav
inganact
ivel
i
fest
yle?

Sel
ectone:
a.I
tcanhel
prel
i
evest
ress
b.Al
loft
hegi
venchoi
ces
c.I
tboost
sthebodyandmi
nd
d.I
tcani
mpr
oveone'
smood

Quest
ion15
Quest
iont
ext

TheEndurancepr
ogram ai
mst
oincr
easemuscl
esi
zewi
thoutv
eingconcer
ned
wit
hincr
easingst
rengt
h.

Sel
ectone:
Tr
ue
Fal
se

Quest
ion16
Quest
iont
ext
TRUEORFALSE:
LongandSl
owTr
aini
ngmustbemai
ntai
nedwi
thi
naper
iodof20
seconds.

Sel
ectone:
Tr
ue
Fal
se

Quest
ion17
Quest
iont
ext

Whi
choft
hef
oll
owi
ngr
efer
stot
hemuscl
e'
scapaci
tyt
owi
thst
andf
ati
gue?

Sel
ectone:
a.Muscul
arendur
ance
b.Fl
exi
bil
i
ty
c.Aer
obi
ccapaci
ty
d.Bodycomposi
ti
on
e.Muscul
arst
rengt
h

Quest
ion18
Quest
iont
ext

Spor
tsandexer
cisemayf
all
underwhi
choft
hef
oll
owi
ng?

Sel
ectone:
a.Occupat
ional
phy
sical
act
ivi
ty
b.Tr
anspor
t-
rel
atedphy
sical
act
ivi
ty
c.Househol
dphy
sical
act
ivi
ty
d.Recr
eat
ional
phy
sical
act
ivi
ty

Quest
ion19
Quest
iont
ext

Emot
ional
eat
ingcani
nter
fer
ewi
thmai
ntai
ningaheal
thydi
et.

Sel
ectone:
Tr
ue
Fal
se
Quest
ion20
Quest
iont
ext

Whichoft
hefol
l
owingphysicalf
it
nesscomponent
sisbei
ngdev
elopedwhenaper
son
doesst
ret
chi
ngexer
cisesdail
y?

Sel
ectone:
a.Muscul
arst
rengt
h
b.Fl
exi
bil
i
ty
c.Muscul
arendur
ance
d.Bodycomposi
ti
on
e.Aer
obi
ccapaci
ty

TRUEORFALSE:
Exer
cisewi
l
lonl
yincr
easeani
ndi
vi
dual
'
sanxi
ety
.FALSE

Physi
calf
it
nessi
sabroadter
mr efer
ri
ngtotheper
son'
scapaci
tyt
oef
fect
ivel
ycopewi
th
thedemandsofdai
l
yorlei
sur
elyacti
vi
ti
es.TRUE

Howdoy
oucal
cul
atey
ourBMI
?c.Di
vi
det
hewei
ghtbyt
hesquar
eoft
hehei
ght

Li
l
iatakesbal
l
etclasses.Hert
rai
ningpr
ogram i
ncludesvar
iousstret
chi
ngexerci
ses.
Whichofthef
oll
owingcomponentsofphysical
fit
nessshe'
lll
ikel
ydevel
op?Flexi
bil
it
y

Whichofthefol
l
owi ngcanproduceenergyrapi
dly
,buti
sunabl
etomaxi
mizeenergy
product
ionduetothefactt
hatitcannotusemostofthetempor
ari
l
yst
oredener
gyin
themolecul
es?b.Glycol
yti
csystem

Fat
spr
ovi
del
ast
ingener
gy.TRUE

TRUEORFALSE:
TheAer
obi
csy
stem t
akesashor
tert
imet
hant
heGl
ycol
yti
csy
stem.
TRUE

theresul
tsoft
heSi
tandReachtesti
sbasedonwhichoft
hef
oll
owi
ng?
c.Iti
sbasedonthefar
thestr
eachofthet
hreet
ri
als

TRUEORFALSE:Chi
l
drenandadol
escent
smustbecar
eful
whent
heyt
rydoi
ngr
esi
stance
tr
aini
ng.TRUE

Whi
choft
hef
oll
owi
ngexer
cisei
sideal
fori
mpr
ovi
ngmuscul
arst
rengt
h?Wei
ghtl
if
ti
ng

Whi
choft
hef
oll
owi
ngi
sat
ypeofaer
obi
ctr
aini
ngpr
ogr
am?
Sel
ectone:
a.Far
tl
ekt
rai
ning
TRUEORFALSE:Exer
cisetrai
ningpr
ogram i
sessent
ial
becausei
tser
vesasagui
det
oa
bal
anced,
saf
eandeffi
cientworkout
.TRUE

Emot
ional
eat
ingdoesnotl
eadt
oobesi
ty.FALSE

Thi
sref
erst
othet
otal
make-
upoft
hehumanbody
.a.Bodycomposi
ti
on

Thi
srefer
stotheperson'
stendencyt
orespondt
ost
ressbyeat
ing,
evenwhenheorshei
s
nothungr
y.d.Emoti
onaleati
ng

Whi
choft
hef
oll
owi
ngi
sanon-
communi
cabl
edi
sease?b.al
loft
hechoi
ces

I
nresi
stancetrai
ning,
whichofthef
oll
owi
ngty
pesofprogr
amscanhel
pincr
easet
he
f
orceproduct
ioncapacit
yofthehumanmuscl
e?d.St
rengt
hprogr
am

Whi
choft
hef
oll
owi
ngcont
ainheal
thyamount
sofcar
bohy
drat
es?

Howl
ongshoul
dyourexer
cisewor
koutbewheny
ousetupahi
ghi
ntensi
typr
ogr
am?

d.Ashor
tper
iodoft
ime

Whatisthegoal
oft
heOneMi
l
eRun?b.Tof
ini
sht
hedi
stancei
nthef
ast
estt
ime
possi
ble

Exer
cisehel
psi
mprov
eaper son'
smood.Accor
dingt
oscienti
sts,
whattypeof"
feel
-
good"chemi
cal
doesthebodyrel
easei
nordert
oachiev
ethis?a.Endor
phin

Thi
sref
erst
othet
otal
make-
upoft
hehumanbody
.d.Bodycomposi
ti
on

TRUEORFALSE:
TheGl
ycol
yti
csy
stem br
eaksdownt
heCPmol
ecul
etor
eleaseener
gy.
TRUE

TRUEORFALSE:
TheAer
obi
csy
stem t
akesashor
tert
imet
hant
heGl
ycol
yti
csy
stem.
TRUE

Whi
choft
hef
oll
owi
ngmayl
eadt
ohy
per
tensi
on?Al
loft
hegi
venanswer
sar
ecor
rect

Hav
inganact
ivel
i
fest
ylecanhel
pmanageone'
sst
ress.TRUE
Whi
choft
hef
oll
owi
ngi
smostsui
tabl
eforwar
m-upexer
cises?Dynami
c
st
ret
ches

Whichofthefol
l
owi
ngref
erstothenumberofexer
ciset
rai
ningsessi
onst
hataper
son
hastoundergoi
naweek?a.Frequency

Ext
remel
yhi
ghbodyt
emper
atur
ecanbef
atal
.TRUE

Tr
ueorFalse:
Phy
sical
act
ivi
ti
esar
eonl
ybenef
ici
alt
oyourheal
thi
fyoudoi
tsev
eral
times
aweek.FALSE

Changesi
nbodyt
emper
atur
ecanhel
pdet
ermi
net
hecur
rentheal
thcondi
ti
onofaper
son.
TRUE

Havi
ngadiast
oli
cpressureof139mmHgandsyst
oli
cpr
essur
eof89mmHgmeans
t
hatyouar
eonpr ehyper
tensi
onstage.TRUE

Whichofthefoll
owingrefer
stotheforceexer
tedbyt
hebl
oodupont
hear
ter
iesast
he
heartpumpsblood?c.bloodpressur
e

Ast
hephy
sical
fit
nessl
evel
incr
eases,
sodoest
hei
ntensi
tyoft
hewor
kout
.FALSE

What
'st
henor
mal
bodyt
emper
atur
e(i
nFahr
enhei
t)
?98.
6

Thi
simpl
iest
hatt
herei
sanopti
mall
evel
ofoverl
oadthatmustbeattained,
andan
opt
imalt
imefr
amefort
hisov
erl
oadt
ooccur.d.Pr
inci
pleofPr
ogression

Fev
ercanbecausedbysev
eret
raumaori
njur
y.TRUE

Whati
sther
est
inghear
trat
eofawel
l
-tr
ainedat
hlet
e?b.40beat
spermi
nut
e

Whichoft
hefol
lowingr
efer
stotheki
ndofact
ivi
tythatanindi
vidualmustdoi
nor
dert
o
bui
l
daspecif
icpartoff
it
nessandgai
naspeci
ficbenefi
t?b.Frequency

Whi
choft
hef
oll
owi
ngi
sapossi
blecauseoff
ever
?a.Al
loft
hechoi
ces

Tr
ueorf
alse:
Bloodpr
essur
edoesnotchangeashumansgetol
der
.FALSE

FI
TTPr
inci
plest
andsf
orwhi
choft
hef
oll
owi
ng?c.Fr
equency
,Int
ensi
ty,
Time,
andTy
pe
Bl
oodpr
essur
ewhent
hehear
tisatr
estbet
weenbeat
s.a.Di
ast
oli
cpr
essur
e

Toi
mprovethebody
,onemusthav
eawor
kloadt
hati
slesschal
l
engi
ngt
hanwhatt
hebody
i
susedto.FALSE

I
fanindiv
idual
'ssystol
icpressur
e150mmHgandhisdi
ast
oli
cpr
essur
eisat95,
hei
s
mostli
kelytohave:d.Highbloodpr
essur
eSt
age1

Gener
all
yspeaki
ng,t
hehi
ghert
hephy
sical
fit
nessl
evel
,thel
oweraper
son'
srest
inghear
t
rat
eshal
lbe.TRUE

Hypot
her
miaoccurswhent hebodyf
ail
stocont
rol
itsownt
emper
atur
eandt
he
t
emperat
urekeepsri
sing.FALSE

Aer
obi
ctr
aini
ngi
snotr
hyt
hmi
cinnat
ure.TRUE

Thi
spri
ncipl
estat
esthatt
hebodymustwor
khar
deri
nor
derf
ori
ttoadap
Pri
nci
pleofOverl
oad

Al
loftheadapt
ati
onsthatt
akepl
aceasar
esul
toft
rai
ningar
eal
lrev
ersi
ble.
Pr
inci
pleofRever
sibi
li
ty

ThePri
ncipl
eofSpecif
ici
tyst
atest
hatt
hebodywi
l
ladaptspeci
fi
cal
l
ytot
hewor
kload
i
texper
iences.TRUE

I
nthi
sstageofoveruseinjur
y,t
hei
ndi
vi
dual
mightcompl
ainofpai
ndur
ingandaf
ter
t
hephysi
calact
ivi
ty.c.StageII

Whichofthefol
lowi
ngisanexampleofeust
ress?
b.Georgibr
okeupwithhisgi
rl
fr
iend.Hedeci
dedtowor
koutandmakehi
msel
flook
bett
erandmov eon.

Tr
ueorFal
se:
Properat
ti
rei
srel
evanti
nor
dert
opr
eventi
njur
y.TRUE

Whichofthefol
lowi
ngtypesofi
njur
yoccurwhenanindi
vi
dualhasbeentrai
ningf
ora
l
ongperiodofti
mewi t
houtpr
operamountofrestandr
ecover
yinbetween?a.Overuse
i
njur
ies

Whichofthef
oll
owingi
strueaboutbodyt
emperat
ure?
d.t
hebloodvessel
snarr
owwhent hetemper
atureget
scol
d

TheI
ntensi
tyofanexer
cisewor
kloadcanbemeasur
edi
ntwoway
s.TRUE
Thesear
eov
erst
ret
chedl
i
gament
s.Spr
ain

Gener
all
yspeaki
ng,t
hehi
ghert
hephy
sical
fit
nessl
evel
,thel
oweraper
son'
srest
inghear
t
rat
eshal
lbe.TRUE

Whichofthefol
l
owingistr
ueaboutt
heheartr
ateofahuman?
b.Theheartr
atevar
iesfr
om per
sontoperson

Ahi
ghi
ntensi
tywor
koutshoul
dlastf
oral
ongt
ime.FALSE

Accordi
ngtothePri
ncipl
eofIndi
vi
dual
i
ty,
peopl
ehav
ethesamel
evel
ofadapt
ati
ont
o
theexer
ciseworkl
oad.FALSE

Thi
sist
hemostcommonov
erusei
njur
y.c.Tendi
ti
s

AccordingtothePri
ncipl
eofRever
sibi
l
ity
,theadapt
ati
onst
hatt
ookpl
aceasar
esul
t
ofexercisescannolongerber
ever
sed.FALSE

Whi
choft
hef
oll
owi
ngi
str
ueaccor
dingt
othePr
inci
pleofSpeci
fi
cit
y?

Whichofthef
oll
owi
ngmustbeconsi
der
edwhenpl
anni
ngy
ourexer
ciset
rai
ningpr
ogr
am?
b.Alloft
hegi
venchoi
ces

Thedi
ast
oli
cpr
essur
eist
hebl
oodpr
essur
ewhent
hehear
tbeat
swhi
l
epumpi
ngbl
ood.
FALSE

Concussi
oni
sli
fe-
thr
eat
eni
ngasi
tmaydi
sruptt
henor
mal
funct
ionoft
hebr
ain.
True

Whichoft
hefol
lowi
ngi
sanexampl
eofst
ressmanagementst
rat
egy
?
Al
lofthegi
venchoi
ces

Whichoft
hefoll
owingwil
lhel
pyouassessy
ourwei
ghtandhei
ght
?
BodyMassIndex(BMI)

Whati
sthenor
mal
BPf
oradul
ts?120/
80mmHg

Ahi
ghi
ntensi
tywor
koutshoul
donl
ylastf
orashor
tti
me.FALSE

Comprehensi
veTr
aini
ngPr
ogr
am shoul
donl
yaddr
esst
hef
it
nesspar
amet
ers.
FALSE
Whi
chofthef
oll
owingi
sanexampleofdistr
ess?
a.Michel
ebecamemoresull
enafterthedeathofhi
syoungersi
ster
.

Whichofthefol
l
owingistr
ueaboutstress?
Itcanei
therbeposit
iveornegat
ive,
dependingont
heper
son'
scase
Thi
sinj
uryiscommoni ngrowi
ngbones.Fractur
e

Whi
choft
hef
oll
owi
ngi
str
ueaboutspr
ain?a.Noneoft
hechoi
ces

Whi
chpar
toft
hebodydoest
heOneMi
nut
eCur
l-
Upassess?d.Abdomi
nalAr
ea

Anaer
obi
ctr
aini
ngcanbeusedt
oimpr
ovest
rengt
h,power
,muscul
arendur
anceandsi
ze.
TRUE

Whenper
formingt
heSi
tandReach,
howf
arshoul
dthei
ndi
vi
dual
'
sfeetbeapar
t?
a.30centi
meter
sapar
t

Thesyst
oli
cpr
essur
eref
erst
othebl
oodpr
essur
ewhent
hehear
tisatr
estbet
weenbeat
s.
Fal
se

Exer
cisecanmakest
ressanddepr
essi
onwor
se.Fal
se

Whi
choft
hef ol
l
owingi
sTRUEaboutPhosphagenSystem?
b.I
tbreaksdowngl
ucose(
carbohydr
ates)toconsumeener
gy.

ThePNForPropri
ocepti
veNeur
omuscularFaci
l
itat
ionprogram of
tenr
equi
resanassi
stant
.
TRUE
Car
bohydr
ate,
protei
n,andf
atareal
lkey
st oafueli
ngdiet.Fal
se

PNFst
andsf
orPer
cept
iveNeur
omuscul
arFaci
l
itat
ion.Tr
ue

TRUEORFALSE:
Accor
dingt
oexper
ts,
thei
deal
timel
i
mitf
orcool
-downexer
cisesi
s10
minutTr
ue

TRUEORFALSE:
Spor
tsar
eat
ypeofRecr
eat
ional
phy
sical
act
ivi
ty.Tr
ue

JJ'
strai
ningprogram mostl
yconsi
stsofsquats,
push-
upsandpul l
-upsthatwi
l
lhel
p
i
ncreasetheamountoff or
cethathewil
lexer
t.Whichofthefol
lowingcomponent
s
ofphysi
calfi
tnesshe'
llmostli
kel
ygoingtodevel
op?Aerobiccapacit
y

Thepr
imar
ydi
ffer
encebetweenemot
ional
eat
ingandbi
ngeeat
ingi
nvol
vest
heamount
off
oodbei
ngconsumed.True
Whichoft hefoll
owingisadisti
ncti
vementalil
l
nesscharacter
izedbyr ecur
rentepi
sodes
ofcompul si
veov er
eati
ng,inthataff
ectedpeopleuncont
rol
lablyeatanamountoff ood
thati
ssignifi
cantl
ylar
gerthanthatwhichmostpeopleeatinadi st
inctperi
odoftime(f
or
example,overtwohours),
evenwhent heyar
enothungry?Bingeeatingdisorder

TRUEORFALSE:Thebodycanr el
easefeel
-goodchemi
cal
sknownasendor
phi
nsmor
e
easi
l
ywhenanindi
vi
dualexer
cises.Tr
ue

Howdoesexer
cisehel
prel
i
evest
ress?.Nocor
rectanswer

Di
ff
erentphy
sical
act
ivi
ti
espr
omot
edi
ff
erentcomponent
sofphy
sical
component
s.Tr
ue

Communicablediseasesar
emedi
cal
condi
ti
onst
hatar
enon-
inf
ect
uousornon
-
transmi
ssi
ble.False

Yuur
iwoul
dli
ket
oassesshi
sfl
exi
bil
i
ty.Whi
choft
hef
oll
owi
ngt
est
sshoul
dhet
ry?
Si
tandReach

Whichofthefol
lowingtest
saimstoeval
uat
ethemuscul
arf
it
nessoft
he
abdominalmuscles?OneMi nut
eCur
lUp

TRUEORFALSE:
Phy
sical
act
ivi
tyi
sli
mit
edt
ospor
tsandexer
cise.Fal
se

Whi
chAerobi
ctrai
ningusesl
owtomoderat
eintensit
yexer
cisesthatmustbe
mai
ntai
nedwit
hinami ni
mum per
iodof45minutes?Far
tl
ekTr ai
ning

Wecannotr
elyonf
lexi
bil
i
tyf
ort
henor
mal
mov
ementpat
ter
nsandpost
ureofani
ndi
vi
dual
.
Tr
ue

Exer
ciseisdefi
nedasaplannedprogr
am consi
sti
ngofv
ari
ousphy
sical
act
ivi
ti
eswhi
ch
wil
lhelpboostone'
sphy
sicalfi
tnessl
evel
.True

Whichoft
hefol
lowi
ngresist
anceexer
ciseswil
lhel
pboostmuscl
esi
zewi
thout
bei
ngconcer
nedwit
hincreasi
ngstr
ength?Hypert
rophypr
ogr
am

Whichofthefol
l
owingfl
exi
bil
i
tyt
rai
ningpr
ogramsincorpor
atesvar
iousr
api
dmov
ement
s
t
olengthenthemuscl
esbeyonft
henormalrange?Bal
li
sti
cstret
ches

Thebodycomposi
ti
oni
scomposedoft
hel
eanbodymassandt
hebodyf
atTr
ue

Accor
dingt
oexper
ts,
thei
deal
timel
i
mitf
orcool
-downexer
cisesi
s10mi
nut
es.Tr
ue
TRUEORFALSE:
Exer
cisecanhel
ppeopl
ewhoar
ecopi
ngwi
thdepr
essi
onTr
ue

Thi
srefer
stot
heamountofef
for
torwor
kthatmustbei
nvest
edi
naspeci
fi
cwor
kout
.
I
ntensi
ty

Thi
spri
ncipl
est
atesthateachi
ndi
vi
dual
hav
evar
iousl
evel
sofadapt
ati
ont
othewor
kout
.
Pri
nci
pleofI
ndi
vidual
it
y

Whichoft
hef
oll
owi
ngr
efer
stohowof
tenoneper
sonwi
l
lexer
cise?
Fr
equency

WhendoesHy
pot
her
miahappen?Al
loft
hegi
venchoi
cesar
ecor
rect

Atwist
,pull
,ortearofmuscl
eort
endont
hatr
esul
tsf
rom ov
erst
ret
chi
ngorov
er
cont
ract
ion.Str
ain

Howlongdoesaper
sonexper
ienci
ngSt
ressFr
act
ureneedt
orestandav
oidexer
cise?
4weeks

TrueorFal
se:
Youdonothav
etoi
ncl
uder
ecov
eryst
rat
egi
esi
nyourt
rai
ningpr
ogr
am.
False

Bloodpr
essur
echangesaspeopl
egetol
der
.
False

Whi
choft
hef
oll
owi
ngi
ndi
vi
dual
sis/
areexper
ienci
ngeust
ress?

Sel
ectone:
a.Jackal
way scomeshomet
ofi
ndhi
spar
ent
sfi
ght
ing.Thi
scauseshi
mtoper
for
m
poorl
yatschool
.
b.Emilal
waysarr
ivesatt
heoffi
cel
ooki
nggrumpybecauseheal
way
shast
oendur
ebei
ng
i
nsidet
hecrowdedbusont hewayt
owork.
c.Rebeccaisangrybecauseshecannotper
for
m pr
oper
lyatt
heof
fi
ceduet
o
hor
ri
bleint
ernetconnect
ion
d.Sar
a,f
eelingthepr
essur
ecausedbytheexpect
ati
onofev
ery
oneforhert
owi
ngol
din
t
heOlympics,tr
ainsr
egul
arl
yunt
ilsheper
fect
edherfi
gur
eskat
ingr
outi
ne.

TrueorFalse:
aCompr
ehensi
veTr
aini
ngPr
ogr
am shoul
donl
yaddr
esst
hef
it
ness
parameter
s.False

Accordi
ngtothi
sprinci
ple,adapt
ati
onst
hatt
hebodyhasachi
evedt
hroughexer
cisecanbe
rev
ersed.Pr
inci
pleofRev er
sibi
li
ty
Concussi
oni
scommonl
ycausedbyasev
erebl
owt
othehead.Tr
ue

TheFITTPri
ncipleisdesignedtoaddressthecur
rentf
it
nesslevel
ofanindi
vidual
,aswel
l
asfi
ndmeanst ot r
iggernegati
veadaptati
ons.Tr
ue
Whichofthefol
lowingisdesignedforassessi
ngthecardi
ovascul
arendur
anceofaperson?
One-Mil
eRun

Hi
ghbl
oodpressur
eisal
soknownas
Hy
pert
ensi
on

Accordi
ngtot
hePrinci
pleofRever
sibi
l
ity,di
scont
inui
ngy
ourexer
ciset
rai
ningwi
l
lcause
thebody'
sphy
sical
fit
nesslevel
tolower.True

Whatdoesthebodyneedaccor
dingtothePr
inci
pleofOverl
oad?
Thebody'
smusclesmustbeov erwor
kedinorderfori
ttoexceedi
tsl
imi
t.

Whenpl
anni
nganexerci
seprogram, keepinmindthatt
imei
sinf
luencedbyt
hei
ntensi
ty
andt
ypeofact
ivi
tyt
hatyouareplanningtodo.True

Whichst
ageofov
erusei
njur
ycausest
hei
ndi
vi
dual
tof
eel
pai
nwhet
heratr
estoratpl
ay?
St
ageIII

Howmanyst
agesofov
erusei
njur
iesar
ether
e?
3

Thi
spri
ncipl
estat
esthatt
hebodymustwor
khar
deri
nor
derf
ori
ttoadapt
.
Pri
nci
pleofOverl
oad

Bursi
ti
sisacommoni
njur
yamongwhi
choft
hef
oll
owi
ng?
Runners

Bur
sit
isi
sthei
nfl
ammat
ionofwhi
choft
hef
oll
owi
ng?
Bur
sa

TheFITTPr
inci
plesar
ehel
psani
ndi
vi
dual
findpr
opermeanst
oov
erl
oadt
hebody
.
True

Whichoft
hefoll
owi
ngi
snottrueaboutTendi
ti
s?
I
tisthel
eastcommonover
useinj
ury

I
tisi
mpor
tantf
orat
hlet
est
oconsumef
oodf
rom av
ari
etyofsour
ces.
Tr
ue

Thebodyexper
iences_
___
___
_loadst
hanusual
dur
ingphy
sical
act
ivi
ti
es.
Higher

Accordi
ngt
oexper
ts,t
heamountoff
oodweeatcanbeaf
fect
edbyt
heset
ti
ngwear
ein
andwhowearewith.
True

Howl
ongshoul
daper
sont
akeaday
timenapi
nor
dert
oeaset
hemi
ndandbodyofst
ress?
3to5hour
s

Emot
ional
eat
inghappensasar
esponset
ost
ress.
Tr
ue

Whyshoul
dathl
etesconsumefat
?
Al
loft
hestat
ementsarecorr
ect

Al
cohol
canhel
pmakepeopl
eloset
hei
rinhi
bit
ions.
Tr
ue

AssessingyourHRFi
snoti
mpor
tanti
ndet
ermi
ningt
heappr
opr
iat
eexer
cisepr
ogr
am
foryou.Fal
se

StageIIOv
eruseI
njur
iescausesaper
sont
ofeel
pai
nwhet
hert
heyar
eatr
estorpl
ay.
False

DuringtheSt
age____
_ofanOveruseI
njur
y,t
heindi
vi
dual
mayexper
iencepai
ndur
ing
andaf t
eraphysi
cal
acti
vi
ty,
butnotwhi
leatrest
.
StageII

Howlongshoul
daper
sonr
estwhenhe/
shehasast
ressf
ract
ure?
ar
oundfourweeks

Acutei
njur
iesoccurwhenani
ndi
vi
dual
hasbeent
rai
ningf
oral
ongper
iodoft
imewi
thout
pr
operrestandrecover
y.
True

Oneoft
hemostr
elev
antappr
oachest
omanagest
ressi
smanagi
ngt
hest
ressor
s.
Tr
ue
Whichoft hefoll
owingstat
est
hatadapt
ati
onst
hatt
akepl
aceasar
esul
toft
rai
ning
ar
er eversi
ble?
Pr
incipleofReversi
bil
it
y

Howmanyhoursofsl
eepatni
ghtdoesapersonneedi
nor dertolessnstr
ess?
7to9hours
Whichoft
hefol
l
owingref
erst
othewearandtearofaj
ointthatresult
stoit
sdeter
ior
ati
on?
Ost
eoart
hri
ti
s

Whenitcomestowar
m upexer
cises,
whatisthemai
ngoal
ofdy
anmi
cst
ret
chi
ng?
emphasi
zeontheact
iver
angeofmotionoft
hejoi
nt

Thesearekeyfact
orsi
ndesi
gni
nganexer
cisepr
ogr
am.
FI
TTPrinci
ples

Exer
cisei
snotgoodf
orpeopl
ewhowantt
orel
i
evest
ress.
Fal
se

Beingphy
sical
l
yact
ivecanhel
pyoumanagest
ress.
True

AComprehensiv
eTrai
ningPr
ogram shoul
daddr
essthef
it
nesspar
ameter
ssuchasaer
obi
c
andstr
ength,aswell
asassesstheweaknessesandabnormal
it
iesofaper
son'
s
movements.
True

Over
comi
ngemot
ional
eat
ingi
nvol
vesst
arv
ingt
hei
ndi
vi
dual
.
Fal
se

Whi
choft hef
oll
owi
ngi
snotat
ypeofphy
sical
act
ivi
ty?
I
nsi
tut
ional

Howmanyper
centofpeopl
ehav
etendt
oeatmor
ewhenst
ressed?
about30%

Whichoft
hefoll
owi
ngi
sawi
del
y-
accept
edt
ool
inassessi
ngt
hebody
'scomposi
ti
on?
BodyMassIndex

Whi
chpar
toft
hebodyi
susual
l
yaf
fect
edbyst
ressf
ract
ure?
Bur
sa
I
nter
nall
y,anindi
vi
dual
canidenti
fyt
heint
ensi
tyofhi
sorhert
rai
ningpr
ogr
am bygaugi
ng
thel
eveloffati
gueorexhaust
ionfel
t.
True

Wheredoesost
eoar
thr
it
iscommonl
yoccur
?
kneej
oint

Thissac-
li
kemuscul
oskel
etal
str
uct
urepr
ovi
dessuppor
tandcushi
oni
ngt
othe
j
oint.Bur
sa

Lackofappr
opr
iat
eti
mef
orr
estmaycauseov
erusei
njur
iesi
nthef
utur
e.
True

Ti
meisi
nfl
uencedbyt
hei
ntensi
tyandt
ypeofact
ivi
tyt
hataper
soni
spl
anni
ngt
odo.
Tr
ue

Whichofthef
oll
owi
ngi
snotcausedbyemot
ional
eat
ing?
Happiness

Thebodycomposi
ti
onofanindi
vi
dual
iscomposedofwhi
choft
hef
oll
owi
ng?
Bot
hleanbodymassandbodyfat

St
ressf
ract
urei
schar
act
eri
zedbyadul
l
,achi
ngpai
nthatwor
sensov
ert
ime.
Tr
ue

Tr
ueorFal
se:
Bur
sit
isi
scommonamongswi
mmer
s.
Tr
ue

WhatistheusualcauseofTendi
ti
s?
Muscl
eimbalancebetweenmusclepai
rs

Whichofthefol
l
owi
ngisapossi
blecausef
oremot
ional
eat
ing?
al
lofthegiv
enchoi
ces

Whyarecooldownexer
cisesessent
ial
par
tofanexer
cisepr
ogr
am?
al
loft
hegivenchoi
cesarecorr
ect

Whi
choft
hefol
l
owingi
saproperwayt
opr
eventspor
tsi
njur
ies?
Al
loft
hegiv
enchoi
cesar
ecorr
ect
Whichoft
hefol
l
owingphy
sical
assessment
sai
mtoassesst
hemuscul
arf
it
nessof
t
heuppertor
so?
OneMinut
ePush-Up

Thisisal
soknownasnegat
ivest
ress.
Dist
ress

Osteoar
thi
ti
sget
sev
enwor
sewhent
heper
sonaf
fect
edi
sanor
exi
c.
True

Tr
ueorFalse:Oneoft
hemostr
elev
antappr
oachest
omanagest
ressi
smanagi
ngt
he
st
ressor
s.True

Whi
choft
hefol
l
owingi
strueaboutphy
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pe

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Recr
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Quest
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JamesLov el
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Knownast
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fat
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EdmundHusser
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Shei
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Kantusedtranscendent
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Itof
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Whi
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Sel
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His"l
ooki
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lect
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Carper
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Sel
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Accor
dingtoAr i
stot
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prudencebeginswit
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standi
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pr
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ext

Accordi
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imater
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I
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I
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Thephil
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al"t
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ofbei
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I
mmanuel
kant
Answer
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Thi
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Sel
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Ecol
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onf
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yont
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The"
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Whichoft
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abookhewrotein1926?

Sel
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Hedevel
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anscendent
al?Phi
l
osophywhi
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Sel
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Paul
Sar
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b.Dav
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I
DENTI
FICATI
ON:
I
tist
hedisci
pli
nei
nphil
osophythatst
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alr
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pofhumanbei
ngst
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t
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ronmentandi
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Env
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alEt
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Answer
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ext

ThisbookbyTer
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tonpopul
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What
"
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"and"
Nowwhat?"

Sel
ectone:
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str
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b.TheRef
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ivePr
act
it
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c.Reach,
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ext

Thi
sbookwri
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nter
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eself
-consci
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enceaworl
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s.

Sel
ectone:
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rectanswer
b.Cr
it
iqueofPur
eReason
c.Bei
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d.Tr
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I
DENTI
FICATI
ON:
Ki
ngSol
omon'
steachi
ngsaboutwi
sdom wasf
urt
hernar
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Answer
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TheFal
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oft
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?
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Thi
sint
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alpar
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Sel
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oresi
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Quest
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ext

Consequenti
ali
stethi
calt
heor
iesmai
ntainthatwhet
heranacti
onisri
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ongi
s
forof
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tsconsequencesaregoodorbad.

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I
DENTI
FICATI
ON:
Astat
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sbel
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view,
orj
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nion

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Whi
chi
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nions?

Sel
ectone:
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nionsar
ebasedonbel
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eel
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b.Theyar
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sofact
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tyandexper
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c.Theydonothav
etobebasedonl
ogi
calr
easoni
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Whati
stheGr
eekt
ermf
or"
all
"or"
tot
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?

Sel
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a.Compl
etar
e
b.I
ntegr
um
c.Achev
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d.Hol
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ext

Env
ironment
ali
sm i
stheposit
iont
hathumansarethemosti
mpor
tantorcri
ti
calel
ement
i
nanygivensi
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thatt
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waysbeit
sownpri
mar yconcer
n.

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Theauthorof"TheRef
lect
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,"abookt
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ntroducedt
heconceptof 
ref
lect
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-
in-
act
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of 
i
mprov i
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Sel
ectone:
a.Chr
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gyr
is
b.Chr
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opherJohns
c.noneoft
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d.Donal
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I
DENTI
FICATI
ON:
Al
doLeopol
dwr ot
ethisbooki
n1949whi
chemphasi
zedt
hei
mpor
tanceof
gi
vi
ngimpor
tancetolandasanent
it
y.
Answer
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manac

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I
tisast
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hati
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ivei
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-suppor
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Sel
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act
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Tom Reganint
roducedtheso-
cal
led"
non-i
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atesthatwedonot
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sto
whom suchobli
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Mat
eri
ali
sm r
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Theabi
l
ityt
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yhigherl
awstomatt
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Whati
stheGr
eekt
ermf
or"
wisdom?
"

Sel
ectone:
a.At
hena
b.sophi
a
c.phi
l
os

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I
tref
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i
tyorst
ateofbei
ngcont
ainedwi
thi
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son,
t
heworld,ort
hemind.
Sel
ectone:
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ranscendent
ali
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sm
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Sol
ert
iai
stheLat
int
ermf
orshr
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whi
chi
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udence.

Sel
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Tr
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I
nthi
sbook,
Ari
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.

Sel
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c.Pol
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ArneNaessref
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sas 
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ightagai
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ion,t
hemai
n
goalofwhi
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einthedevel
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ies.

Sel
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a.deepecol
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il
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I
DENTI
FICATI
ON:
Thephi
l
osopherwhost
atedt
hatopi
nioni
sint
ermedi
arybet
weenknowl
edgeandi
gnor
ance

Pl
ato
Answer
:

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Chr
isArgyri
sand 
DonaldSchönconcept
ual
i
zedt
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deaofsi
ngl
e-l
oopl
ear
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l
ooplearni
nginwhatyear
?
Sel
ectone:
a.1988
b.1978
c.1982
d.1990

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ext

Thi
srefer
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cmannerof
 consi
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ati
onwheni
tcomest
ohowonesees
somethi
ng.

Sel
ectone:
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b.wor
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c.pr
oposi
ti
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att
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ant
agepoi
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ext

PopeBenedi
ctXVI
'
sency cl
i
cal"
Laudat
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'
"cr
it
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env
ironment
al
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andglobal
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Sel
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Tr
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Whatdoct
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atesthat 
awor
dacqui
resi
tsmeani
ngonl
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thi
nthecont
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apr
oposit
ionorsentence?

Sel
ectone:
a.r
educt
ioni
sm
b.phi
l
osophyofl
anguage
c.compl
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stem
d.cont
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Quest
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ext

Whi
choft
hesei
snotapr
oposi
ti
onundert
hedeepecol
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inci
ple?

Sel
ectone:
a.nocor
rectanswer
b.humanpopul
ati
oncont
rol
c.si
mpl
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vi
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Thisphi
losophi
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osetoprotestagai
nstt
hegener
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of
i
ntell
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sm andspi
rit
ual
i
tyduri
ngthelate1820'
s.

Sel
ectone:
a.t
ranscendent
ali
sm
b.st
oici
sm
c.my
sti
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d.Ger
manI
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Quest
iont
ext

Thisisconsi
deredameanstowardsachi
evingacer
tai
nend,
thusdet
ermi
ningt
he
successofbri
ngingaboutapar
ti
cul
arpurpose?

I
nst
rument
alv
alue
Answer
:

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agquest
ion

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iont
ext

Mor
ali
sm pr
oposest
ounder
standmor
ali
tyandassesst
heet
hical
qual
i
tyofact
ions.

Sel
ectone:
Fal
se
Tr
ue

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ion

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iont
ext

Envi
ronment
alethi
csisabranchofappli
edphil
osophyt
hatst
udi
est
he
concept
ualf
oundati
onsofenvir
onmentalval
ues

Sel
ectone:
Tr
ue
Fal
se

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agquest
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iont
ext

I
DENTI
FICATI
ON:
Thegodofwi
sdom i
nHi
ndui
sm

Sar
aswat
i
Answer
:
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agquest
ion

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iont
ext

hi
sphi
l
osophi
cal
mov
ementar
oset
opr
otestagai
nstt
hegener
alst
ate?
ofi
ntel
l
ect
ual
i
s

Sel
ectone:
a.r
egr
essi
ve
b.pr
ogr
essi
ve
c.nocor
rectanswer
d.aggr
essi
ve

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agquest
ion

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iont
ext

Whatki
ndofhol
i
sm st
atesthat
 noi
ndi
vidualst
atementcanbeconf
ir
medordi
sconf
ir
med
byanempi
ri
calt
est
,butonl
yasetofstatements?

Sel
ectone:
a.semant
ichol
i
sm
b.phi
l
osophyofl
anguage
c.t
otal
hol
i
sm
d.conf
ir
mat
ionhol
ism

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agquest
ion

Quest
iont
ext

I
tref
erstothequal
i
tyorst
ateofbei
ngcont
ainedwi
thi
ntheboundar
iesofaper
son,
t
heworld,ort
hemind.

Sel
ectone:
a.i
deal
i
sm
b.st
oici
sm
c.t
ranscendent
ali
sm
d.i
mmanence

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agquest
ion

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iont
ext

ThisbookbyTer
ryBor
tonpopul
ari
zedal
ear
ningcy
clecomposedoft
hequest
ions"
What
"
"Sowhat?,
"and"
Nowwhat?"

Sel
ectone:
a.TheRef
lect
ivePr
act
it
ioner
b.Reach,
TouchandTeach
c.Noneoft
hechoi
cesi
str
ue
d.Bot
hoft
hechoi
cesar
etr
ue

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agquest
ion
Quest
iont
ext

I
tisast
atementt
hati
sobj
ect
ivei
nnat
ureandwel
l
-suppor
tedbyev
idence.

Sel
ectone:
a.opi
nion
b.bot
hfactandopi
nion
c.f
act

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agquest
ion

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iont
ext

I
nW.
V.OQui
ne'
sname,
"O"st
andsf
orwhat
?

Sel
ectone:
a.Oscar
b.Or
man
c.Or
vil
l
e
d.Owen

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agquest
ion

Quest
iont
ext

Thi
sbookwri
ttenbyImmanuelKantwasusedtoargueforadeepi
nter
connecti
on
bet
weentheabil
i
tytohav
eself
-consci
ousnessandexperi
enceaworl
dofobject
s.

Sel
ectone:
a.nocor
rectanswer
b.Tr
anscendent
alDeduct
ionoft
heCat
egor
ies
c.Cr
it
iqueofPur
eReason
d.Bei
ngandNot
hingness

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agquest
ion

Quest
iont
ext

Kantusedtranscendent
alar
gument st
oshowt hatsensoryexperi
enceswoul
dnotbe
possi
bleapartfr
om ourcont
ribut
ingtothem t
heirspat
ial
andt emporalf
orm,
asnarr
ated
i
nthisbook.

Sel
ectone:
a.Cr
it
iqueofPur
eReason
b.Tr
anscendent
alDeduct
ionoft
heCat
egor
ies
c.Heav
enandHel
l
d.Bei
ngandNot
hingness

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agquest
ion

Quest
iont
ext

Thi
sref
erst
other
epr
esent
ati
onoft
hewor
ldorawayt
hewor
ldcoul
dpossi
blybe.
Sel
ectone:
a.pr
oposi
ti
on
b.opi
nion
c.ar
gument

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 Fl
agquest
ion

Quest
iont
ext

I
nthecont
extofphil
osophyoflanguage,
thi
sref
erst
ot hepositi
onthatsentences 
hav
e
meani
ngthatar
eindependentofthei
rrel
ati
onst
oothersentencesorbeli
efs.

Sel
ectone:
a.Epi
stemol
ogi
cal
reduct
ioni
sm
b.Cont
extpr
inci
ple
c.At
omi
sm
d.Semant
ichol
i
sm

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i 1
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agquest
ion

Quest
iont
ext

Whati
stheot
hert
erm usedf
orepi
stemol
ogi
cal
hol
i
sm?

Sel
ectone:
a.conf
ir
mat
ion
b.semant
ic
c.ont
ologi
cal
d.mat
eri
ali
sm

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i 2
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agquest
ion
Quest
iont
ext

I
DENTI
FICATI
ON:
Thegodofwi
sdom i
nHi
ndui
sm

ganesh
Answer
:

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agquest
ion

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iont
ext

I
DENTI
FICATI
ON:
Taoi
stsadher
etot
heseasbasi
sfort
hei
rdoct
ri
neofwi
sdom.

Tao
Answer
:

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agquest
ion

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iont
ext

Itof
tenref
erstoanexper
iencewi
tht
hedi
vi
neorsupr
emebei
ng,
whi
chi
sconcei
vedas
absolut
eorinf
ini
te.
Answer
: Tr
anscendence

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agquest
ion
Quest
iont
ext

I
tisusedi
nphenomenol
ogyt
oref
ert
othet
ermi
nusofani
ntent
ionasgi
ven
f
orconsci
ousness.

Sel
ectone:
a.i
ntent
ional
i
ty
b.st
oici
sm
c.t
ranscendence
d.noema

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i 6
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agquest
ion

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iont
ext

Hei
sthephi
l
osopherwhof
ormul
atedt
heso-
cal
l
ed"
cont
extpr
inci
ple"i
nsemant
ichol
i
sm.

Sel
ectone:
a.Got
tl
obFr
ege
b.Donal
dDav
idson
c.Ludwi
gWi
tt
genst
ein
d.W.
V.O.Qui
ne

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i 7
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agquest
ion

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iont
ext

Whi
chi
snott
rueaboutopi
nions?

Sel
ectone:
a.Theyar
est
atement
sofact
ual
i
tyandexper
ience.
b.Opi
nionsar
ebasedonbel
i
efsandf
eel
i
ngs.
c.Theydonothav
etobebasedonl
ogi
calr
easoni
ng.

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agquest
ion

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iont
ext

I
DENTI
FICATI
ON:
I
nthi
sbook,
wisdom wasdef
inedast
heunder
standi
ngofcauses.

Met
aphy
sics
Answer
:

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i 9
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agquest
ion

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iont
ext

Knownast
he"
fat
herofphenomenol
ogy
"

EdmundHusser
l
Answer
:

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ion

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iont
ext

I
DENTI
FICATI
ON:
Ki
ngSol
omon'
steachi
ngsaboutwi
sdom wasf
urt
hernar
rat
edi
nthi
sbookofHol
yBi
ble.

BookofEccl
esi
ast
es
Answer
:

Theaut
horof"
Bei
ngandNot
hingness,
"abookwhi
chmost
lyt
ackl
est
ranscendence

Jean-
PaulSar
tre
Thisphi
losophi
calmovementar
osetoprotestagai
nstt
hegener
alst
ate?
of
i
ntell
ect
uali
sm andspi
rit
ual
i
tyduri
ngthelate1820'
s.

Tr
anscendent
ali
sm

Hi
sbook"Heav
enandHell"gi
vesadet
ail
eddescr
ipt
ionoft
heaf
ter
li
fe,
howpeopl
eli
veaf
ter
t
hedeat
hofthephy
sical
body.

EmanuelSwedenbor
g

Theper
soni
fi
cat
ionofwi entRomansMi
sdom amonganci ner
va

I
DENTIFI
CATI
ON:
TheChr
ist
ianphi
l
osopherwhopr
oposedt
hatwi
sdom i
sthe"
fat
herofal
l
v
irt
ues.
"

ThomasAqui
nas

Whatdoct
ri
nestat
est hat
 awor
dacqui
resi
tsmeani
ngonl
ywi
thi
nthecont
extofa
pr
oposi
ti
onorsentence?

- cont
extpr
inci
ple
Thi
sref
erst
oaspeci
fi
cmannerof
 consi
der
ati
onwheni
tcomest
ohowoneseessomet
hing.

- poi
ntofv
iew
Thewor
d"t
ranscendence"comesf
rom t
heLat
int
erm"
tr
anscender
e"whi
chmeanwhat
?

t
ogobey
ond

Her
efer
redt
owi
sdom as"
ther
ightuseofknowl
edge.
"

Char
lesHaddonSpur
geon

Whati
stheGr
eekt
ermf
or"
wisdom?
"

- Sophi
a
Pl
atoopposedtheconceptoft
ranscendencebymeansoft
hispr
inci
ple,
thus
cr
eati
nganotherbr
anchofphil
osophyknownas:
Epi
stemol
ogy

Theprinci
plei
ntr
oducedbyEdmundHusser
lwhichisconsi
der
edamaj
or
phi
losophi
calmovementint
hetwent
iet
hcentur
y.phenomenol
ogy

Theauthorof"TheRefl
ect
ivePracti
ti
oner
,"abookt
hati
ntroducedt
heconceptof 
ref
lect
ion
-
in-
act
ion whi
chexplai
nhowpr ofessi
onal
smeetthechal
lengesoft
hei
rworkwi t
haki nd
of 
i
mprov i
sat
ion.Donal
dSchon

Theot
hert
ermf
or"
wisdom"i
nphi
l
osophy

- sapi
ence

Chr
isArgyr
isand 
Donal
dSchönconcept
ual
i
zedt
hei
deaofsi
ngl
e-l
oopl
ear
ninganddoubl
e-l
oop
l
ear
ninginwhatyear
?

1978

Thenumberofst
epsi
nvol
vedi
nGr
aham Gi
bbs'
ful
lst
ruct
ureddebr
ief
ing.

- 6

Deepecol
ogyi
sthear
gumentf
ort
hei
ntr
insi
cval
ueori
nher
entwor
thoft
heenv
ironment
.

Sel
ectone:
True
Accordingt
oAndr
ewBr ennan,l
ibert
ari
anext ensioni
soneoft
het
hreegener
alet
hical
approachesi
nval
uingournatur
al r
esources.False

Consequenti
ali
stethi
calt
heor
iesmai
ntainthatwhet
heranacti
onisri
ghtorwr
ongi
s
forof
tenindependentofwhet
heri
tsconsequencesaregoodorbad.Fal
se

Ecol
ogicextensi
onf
ocusesonlyont
hewor
thoft
heenv
ironmenti
nter
msofi
tsut
il
it
y
orusef
ulnesstohumans.Fal
se

Hecl
aimedt
hathumani
tyandal
lot
herbei
ngsar
easpect
sofasi
ngl
eunf
oldi
ngr
eal
i
ty.

War
wickFox 
  

Envi
ronment
alethi
csisabranchofappli
edphil
osophyt
hatst
udi
est
he
concept
ualf
oundati
onsofenvir
onmentalval
uesTrue

Ant
hropocent
ri
cenvir
onmental
ism i
sconcer
nedwit
htheconservat
ionoft
he
env
ironmentonl
yforexpl
oit
ati
onbyandforhumanpurposes.Tr
ue
JamesLov el
ock'
s"GaiaHypothesi
s"stat
esthat"
theplanetearthalt
ersi
tsgeo-
physi
ologi
calst
ruct
ureoverti
mei nordert
oensurethecontinuati
onofanequil
ibr
ium of
evol
vi
ngor gani
candinor
ganicmat t
er.
"True

Thi
siswheretheci
rcumst
ancesmustbewei
ghedt
odet
ermi
net
hecor
rect
act
ion.pr
udenti
alj
udgment

Accordi
ngtoPeterVardy,weakanthr
opocentr
ism ar
guest
hathumansar
eatt
hecent
er
ofreal
it
yanditi
srightforthem t
obeso.False

I
net
hics,
a"pr
udent
ialjudgment"i
sonewher
etheci
rcumst
ancesmustbewei
ghed
t
odet
erminet
hecorrectact
ion.Tr
ue

ArneNaessref
erstothi
sas 
thef
ightagai
nstpoll
uti
onandresour
cedeplet
ion,t
hemai
n
goalofwhi
chistheheal
thandaf
fluenceofpeopl
einthedevel
opedcountr
ies.
shal
lowecol
ogymov ement 
 

I
tref
erst
otheabi
l
ityt
ogov
ernanddi
sci
pli
neonesel
fbyt
heuseofr
eason.Pr
udence

Sheclaimedt
hatahuman-cent
eredanthr
opocentr
icper
spect
ivewoul
dhavet
o
supportbr
oadenv
ironment
ali
sm fori
ttobevi e.Ba
abl rbaraMcKi nnon
For
esi
ghti
stheabi
l
ityt
otakeal
lrel
evantci
rcumst
ancesi
ntoaccount
.Fal
se

Ly
nnWhi
teseesr
eli
gionast
hebasi
sofenv
ironment
alst
ewar
dshi
p.Tr
ue

PeterVardyar
guedthathumanst
endt
oassesst
hingswr
ongl
yint
ermsoft
hei
r
useful
nesstous.Fal
se

Goodj
udgmenti
sani
ntegr
alpar
tofpr
udence.Fal
se

Enl
ightenedorAnswer recognizest
hatdut
iest
owar
dst
he
env
ironmentemanatefrom ourdut
iest
oit
shumani nhabi
tant
s?

Pr
udent
ialAnt
hropocent
ri
sm

AccordingtoConf
uci
us,
thi
sis"
thebi
tt
erestway
"toacqui
rewi
sdom.
Exper
ience

GeorgeSessi
onsar
ti
cul
atedt
hepr
inci
plesoft
henewDeepEcol
ogyMov
emental
ongwi
th
ArneNaess.Tr
ue

Thepr
inci
pleofhol
i
sm wassummar
izedi
n"Met
aphy
sics"
,wr
it
tenbywhi
chphi
l
osopher
?
 - Ar
ist
otl
e
TheFal
lacyofPartandWholeconsi
stsi
nappl
yi
ngonestandar
dforonegr
oupori
ndi
vi
dual
,
andanotherst
andardforanopposi
nggr
ouporindi
vi
dual
.Fal
se

Envi
ronmental
ethi
csref
erstothecrucial
rol
eofet
hicsi
nthest
udyofr
elat
ionof
humanbeingsandtheenvi
ronment.True

Accordi
ngtoSt.ThomasAquinas,
prudencebegi
nswit
hanunder
standi
ngoft
he
fi
rstpri
nci
plesofpr
act
ical
reason,
alsoknownas?Synder
esi
s

Heposit
stheuni
queness 
ofal
lanimal
sand 
broadenst
hescopeoft
hemor
alobl
i
gat
ion
ofcar
etoincl
udeal
lindi
vi
dual
beingsMart
iKheel

Command,whichisthedi
rectappl
i
cat
ionofgoodcounsel
andj
udgment
,ist
hepr
inci
pal
actofpr
udence.Tr
ue

Under
standi
ngCult
ure,
Soci
etyandPol
it
icsG11
UCSP111PARAPOSA
LAHATG11PAKIRE
ATTEMPNALANGPO
PARAMAPERFECTSCORE
NYOSIYAWAGNYO
TI
GILANPAGATTEMPPAG
DPARINMAPERFECT.

I
tgivesconcr
etet
ermshowweshoul
dbehav
e--
whatweshoul
ddoandwhatweshoul
dnot
do.norms

Soci
eti
est
hatf
eat
ureaneconomybasedonser
vicesandt
echnol
ogy
,notpr
oduct
ion.

POST-
INDUSTRI
ALSOCI
ETY
Whichoft
hefol
l
owi
ngi
ndi
vi
dual
sissai
dtobet
hef
ounderofSoci
ology
?
AugusteComte
Anthropol
ogyandSociol
ogyar
edi
ff
erentsci
encest
hatdeal
wit
hhumanbei
ngsand
thei
rcharact
eri
sti
cs.
FALSE

Ar
ecultur
alrepresent
ati
onsofr
eal
ity
.Theygi
vemeani
ngst
oev
ent
sandt
hingsl
i
ke
astat
ue,handshake,col
l
egeri
ng,f
laget
c.
Symbols

I
tinv
olv
esj
udgi
ngot
hercul
tur
esagai
nstt
hest
andar
dsofy
ourowncul
tur
e.
Et
hnocent
ri
sm

Thi
sisast
ruggl
ebet
weensegment
sofsoci
etyov
erv
aluedr
esour
ces.

Soci
alConf
li
ct

st
art
edt
hedomest
icat
ionandbr
eedi
ngofani
mal
sforf
ood.

Past
oralsoci
eti
es

I
tisint
angibl
ebutinfl
uencesourbehavi
orli
keourl
anguage,
bel
i
efs,
val
ues,
rul
esof
behavi
or,
familypatt
ernsandpoli
ti
calsy
stem.

Non-
mat
eri
alcul
tur
e
Conf
li
ctTheor
yispr
imar
il
ybasedont
hewor
kof
:

Kar
lMar
x

Thissocialsci
encedealswi
thhumancult
ure,
aswel
last
hephy
sical
andsoci
al
charact
erist
icsthatcr
eatet
hatcul
tur
e.

Ant
hropol
ogy

Agroupofpeoplel
iv
ingt
oget
heri
napar
ti
cul
arpl
aceoratapar
ti
cul
art
imeand
hav
ingmanythi ncommon.Commu
ngsi nit
y
Theyar
epeopl
ewhohav esomethingi
ncommonandwhobel
i
evet
hatwhatt
heyhav
ein
commonissi
gnif
icant
.Organi
zat
ion

Whi
choft
hef
oll
owi
ngi
sconsi
der
eda“
taboo”
?al
loft
hechoi
ces

Soci
alSci
enceat
tempt
stocompr
ehend,
expl
ainandpr
edi
ctev
ent
sinournat
ural
envi
ronment
.Fal
se

At
ypeofpol
ygamousmar
ri
agewher
einahusbandcant
akemanywi
vesatt
hesamet
ime.
pol
ygamy

AJoi
ntStockCompanyi
saneconomicorgani
zat
ionthatconsi
stsofconsumers
whosubscr
ibet
oit
scapi
tal
,whi
chisdiv
idedupintoalargenumberofshares.Tr
ue

Consangui
neouski
nshi
piski
nshi
pbybl
ood.
Consangui
neal
kinshi
p

Theact
ionsandbehav
iorofor
gani
zat
ionscanaf
fectani
ndi
vi
dual
orev
enaf
fecteachot
her
.
True

Theeconomyisanessenti
alinsti
tut
ion,
whi
chaddr
essespr
obl
emsr
egar
dingt
he
l
imit
edresour
cesofthesociety.
Fal
se

I
nNegati
ver
ecipr
oci
ty,
aper
sonof
fer
ssomet
hingwi
thoutt
heexpect
aionof
i
mmediat
eret
urn.Tr
ue

Thebasi
sofev
erysy
stem ofaut
hor
it
y.
Legi
ti
macy

I
neconomics,
iti
sthet
heor
y,pol
i
cyorpr
act
iceofl
esseni
ngorr
educi
ngi
nequal
i
ties
i
nincome.
REDI
STRI
BUTI
ON

Chi
efdom hasagov
erni
ngbodyheadedbyachi
ef.Tr
ue

Humanscanbeapar tofmor ethanonesocialorgani

zation.
True
Def
inedbyBur
gesandLockasagr oupofpersonsunit
edbyt iesofmarri
age,bl
oodor
adopti
onconsi
tut
ingasingl
ehouseholdint
eracti
ngwitheachot heri
nthei
rrespect
ivesoci
al
rol
eofhusbandandwife,motherandfat
her,brot
herandsistercreat
ingacommoncul tur
e.
Fami
l
y

Thesmall
estt
ypeofpolit
icalorgani
zati
on,
iti
susual
l
yasmal
lgr
oupconnect
edby
fami
lyt
iesandispol
i
tical
lyindependent
.
Band

I
tref
erst
othepopul
araccept
anceofagov
ernment
,oranysy
stem ofaut
hor
it
y.
Legi
ti
macy
At
ypeofpol
ygamousmar
ri
agei
nwhi
chawi
fecanhav
emanyhusbands.
Pol
yandr
y

Atypeoffami l
ythati
scomposedofanuclearf
ami
l
ypl
usot
herr
elat
ivessuch
asgrandparent
s,aunt
s,uncl
esandcousi
ns.
ext
endedf amil
y

Accordi
ngtoWeber ,
iti
scompul
sor
ypoli
ti
calorgani
zat
ionwi
thacent
ral
i
zed
governmentthatmai
ntai
nsamonopol
yofthelegit
imat
euseoff
orcewit
hinacer
tai
n
ter
ri
tory.St
ate

Compadr
azgoi
sanexampl
eofki
nshi
pbymar
ri
age.
Fal
se

Thesyst
em ofacknowl
edgedsoci
alpar
ent
age,
whi
chl
i
mit
sthecl
aim ofki
nshi
pti
es
wi
thanot
her
.
Descent
Thefi
rstschooli
nthePhi
l
ippi
neswhi
chof
fer
edabachel
or'
sdegr
eei
nsoci
ology
Uni
versi
tyofSto.Tomas

I
sanacti
vi
tyt
hati
sfor
biddenorsacr
edbasedonr
eli
giousbel
i
efsormor
als.
Taboo

Thedataanal
yzedbysoci
ologi
stsar
eusedbygov
ernmentof
fi
cial
sand
marketr
esear
chers.
Fal
se

Accor
dingtoRober
tMer
ton,
theobv
iousf
unct
ionweopenl
yint
endasoci
alsy
stem
toper
form ar
e
Manif
estfuncti
ons

Thisisthehi
stor
icalchangefrom tr
adi
tion-sent
imentsandbeli
efspassedfr
om one
generati
ontoaothertorat
ionali
ty-del
iber
ate,matt
er-
of-
factcal
cul
ati
onofthecost
eff
ectivemeanstoaccompl i
shat askasadomi nantmodeofhumant hought
.
Rationali
zat
ionofSoci et
y

I
sonecomponentt
hatmakesourl
i
feeasi
er.Wecanhav
evol
umepr
oduct
ionofgoodst
hat
canbeusedbyus
thr
oughthi
scomponent
.
Technol
ogy

Fr
om t
hesymbol
i
cint
eract
ionper
spect
ive,
whi
choft
hef
oll
owi
ngi
sasy
mbol
?
Al
loft
hem ar
esymbol
s

Thechangethatoccursasasoci
etyacqui
resanewt
echnol
ogy
Soci
ocultur
alEvoluti
on

Dur
ingt
hisst
ate,
manusedsi
mpl
etool
stohuntani
mal
sandv
eget
ati
on.
Pal
eol
i
thi
cage

Thesesoci
eti
esuseadv
ancedsour
cesofener
gy,
rat
hert
hanhumanandani
mal
s,t
orun
l
argemachiner
y .
I
ndustri
alSocieti
es

Acoll
ect
ionofpeoplewhohappent
obeatt
hesamepl
aceatt
hesamet
imebutwho
hav
enoot herconnect
iont
ooneanot .Ag
her gr
egate

Whi
chofthefol
l
owingi
str
ueaboutSer
fi
nM.Macarai
g?
Hepubl
ishedabookenti
tl
ed"AnInt
roduct
iont
oSociol
ogy
"in1938.

Thefi
rstFi
li
pinowhohasacqui
redadoct
orat
edegr
eei
n
Soci
ologySerfai
nM.Macar
aig

I
trefer
stoaf orm ofl
eader
shi
pmadel
egi
ti
mat
ebyr
ati
onal
i
tyorl
egal
l
egit
imacy.Authori
ty

Apol
i
tical
organi
zat
iongov
ernedbyagov
erni
ngbodyl
edbyachi
ef.
pol
i
tical
par
ty

Atypeofpol
i
tical
organi
zati
onof
tendescr
ibedasacombinat
ionofsmal
l
erki
nornon-
ki
ngroupswhichareuni
tedbyacommoncul t
ure.Tr
ibe

Theconceptofr
ightt
oissueandf
orceacommandbymeansofcoer
civ
epower
.
AUTHORI
TY

Asy
stem ofsoci
alor
gani
zat
ionwhi
chi
sbasedonr
eal
orr
ecogni
zedf
ami
l
yti
es
.ki
nshi
p

Adescentsy
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hatconsi
stsofbot
hmal
eandf
emal
eli
nes.
Bi
l
ineal
kinshi
p

Descentt
hati
sbasedont
hemal
eli
ne.
Pat
ri
li
neal
kinshi
p

Defi
nedbyBurgesandLockasagr oupofpersonsunit
edbytiesofmarri
age,bl
oodoradopti
on
consi
tut
ingasingl
ehousehol
dint
eracti
ngwitheachotherint
heirr
espect
ivesocialr
oleof
husbandandwife,
motherandfat
her,br
otherandsist
ercreat
ingacommoncul ture.
Fami
l
y

At
ypeofmar
ri
agei
nwhi
chaper
sonhasmor
ethanonespouseatat
ime.
Pol
ygamy

Compadr
azgoi
sanexampl
eofki
nshi
pbymar
ri
age.
True

Whichoft
hef
oll
owi
ngi
saGr
eekt
ermf
or"
study
"?
Logos

Soci
ologyf
ocusesont
hebi
gpi
ctur
eofhumancul
tur
e.
Fal
se

Thi
sref
erstoanunpl
annedgr
oup
I
nfor
malgroup

Peopl
ewhoownandoper
atef
act
ori
esandot
herbusi
nessesi
npur
sui
tofpr
ofi
ts.
Capi
tal
ist
s

Membersoft
hesesoci
eti
est
endcr
opswi
thanani
mal
har
nessedt
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ow.
Agr
icul
tur
alSoci
eti
es

Hedescr
ibedsoci
etyasbey
ondi
ndi
vi
dual
s’per
sonal
exper
iences.
Emi
leDurkhei
m

Thesoci
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ocusedoncl
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ruggl
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Kar
lMarx

ALat
int
erm whi
chmeans“
compani
on”or“
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us

WhoistheEnglishsoci
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oposedt
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spar
all
eli
sm bet
weenhow
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Her
bertSpencer

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psindi
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dual
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het
rueor
igi
nsand
char
acteroftheprobl
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Whichoft
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oll
owi
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?
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MaxWeber

Ref
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Refer
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andar
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abi
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ori
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sui
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it
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peopl
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iat

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ormal
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Whati
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i
ndust
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zat
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Kar
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Emil
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osophi
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posi
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sm?

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hesamet
imebutwho
hav
enoot herconnect
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.

Aggr
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Fami
l
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imar
ygr
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t
rue

Whi
choft
hef
oll
owi
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str
ueaboutSer
fi
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led"
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ntr
oduct
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Mai
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eractregul
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nGer
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Dur
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mpl
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s.
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om aspeci
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Webappl
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Whi
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oll
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Whichoft
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SocialMedi
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Whichoft
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i
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i
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ojan

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gov

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choft
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Whichofthefol
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c

InLibr
eOf
fi
ce,t
heset
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hepagear
e
cal
ledFor
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Emai
lst
andsf
orEl
ect
roni
cmai
l

Othert
hatyouruser
nameoremail
addr
ess,
whatel
sei
sal
mostal
way
srequi
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oaccess
youronl
ineaccount
s?Passwor
d
arepeopl
ewhosendunwant
edandunsol
i
cit
edmessages.
Scammers

ar
esecti
onsofanemai
lcl
i
entt
hatar
eusedt
ost
oredi
ff
erentki
ndsof
emai
l.Fol
ders

Chrome'
sdef
aul
tsear
chengi
nei
sGoogl
eSear
ch.
True

Whi
chi
sNOTt
rue?
ALLSOURCEG11SANAMAKATULONGSANYO
LAHATPARASANYOYAN.SALAMATLANGOK
NA
DIMAPERFECTATTEMPLANGNYOHANGGANGSA
MAPERFECTSCORE

G11EAPP111WEEK1TO10

G11PEDH111WEEK1TO10

G11PHI
LO121WEEK1TO10

G11USCP111WEEK1TO10

G11I
CT 112WEEK1TO10

G11ENGL 111WEEK1TO10

G11GMATH WEEK1TO10
TRUEORFALSE:
Communi
cat
ioncanonl
ybel
ear
nedi
nschool
Fal
se

Whi
chofthef
oll
owi
ngarethe2for
msofv er
balcommuni
cat
ion?
Wri
tt
enandoral wri
teenandspokenl
angueag

Paral
anguagei
sabouthowwesound
True

Emoj
i
sar
efor
msofcommuni
cat
ion
Tr
ue

TRUEORFALSE:
Communi
cat
ioncompet
encecanbel
ear
nedqui
ckl
y
True

Pi
tchdescr
ibest
hef
orceoft
hev
oice
Tr
ue

Wri
ti
ngi
saf
orm ofv
erbal
communi
cat
ion
Tr
ue

Thisi
showlanguagei
sused
Pragmati
cs

Whataret
hetwomainchannel
sofcommuni
cat
ion.
Ver
balandnon-
ver
bal

Di
ffer
entconnot
ati
on/
meani
ngs
Denotat
ions

Thespacebet
weent
wopeopl
ecancommuni
cat
ethei
rrel
ati
onshi
p
True

2mainchannel
sofcommuni
cat
ionar
ever
bal
andv
isual
Fal
se

Emot
ionssuchasner
vousnessorsadnesscanbehear
dthr
ought
hispar
alanguage
el
ement.
Pi
tch

Sy
ntax-howwor
dsar
eputt
oget
hert
ofor
m sent
ences
Tr
ue
Todeterminet
hekindsofcommunicat
ion;
andTounder
standhowt
heseki
ndsar
eused
tobeanef f
ect
ivecommunicat
or.
Object
ivesoft
hischapt
er

Lownessorhi
ghnessoft
oneoft
hev
oicePi
tch

Whichofthef
oll
owi
ngr
efer
stopausesandst
opsmadebet
weent
hought
sorut
ter
ance?
Fr
icat
ives

Hapti
csi
sthel
anguageoft
ime
fal
se

Proxemi
csi
sthest
udyofwhi
choft
hef
oll
owi
ng?
Space

Communi
cat
ioni
set
hical
True

Communi
cat
ioni
sat
wo-
waypr
ocess.
True

Howmanyf
ormsofcommuni
cat
ionar
ether
e?
5

Thi
sfor
m ofcommuni
cat
ional
l
owsy
out
oanal
yzeandr
efl
ect
I
ntr
aper
sonal
communi
cat
ion

Busi
nessinthewestisli
kehunti
ngwhil
ebusi
nessint
heeasti
sli
kepl
ant
ingr
ice.
Whichnon-v
erbal
languageisthi
sthi
nki
ngatt
ri
but
edto?
Ti
me

I
tisaf or
m ofcommunicat
ionwhi
chi
nvol
vesut
ter
anceofwor
ds,
sent
encesandphr
ases
VerbalCommunicat
ion

Whichofthesearetheparal
anguageelement
s?
vocalqual
it
y,pi
tch,
t empo,vol
ume,junct
ures

Communi
cat
ioni
sat
ransact
ional
processTr
ue

Por
celai
ndesi
gnsi
sunderwhatki
ndofnon-
ver
bal
communi
cat
ion?
Art
if
act
Whati
sthemostfundament
aldef
ini
ti
onofcommuni
cat
ion
t
osendandrecei
vemessagesusingachanne

I
tist
helanguageoft
hebody
.
Ki
nesi
cs

I
ntr
aper
sonal
communi
cat
ioni
saboutcommuni
cat
ingwi
thot
her
s
Fal
se

Thesearecommuni cat
ionpat
ter
nst hatar
efr
om psy
chol
ogi
cal
,soci
al,
cul
tur
alor
societ
alpat
ter
nsorgainedknowledge.
fi
eldofexperi
ence

Whataret
hecharact
eri
sti
csofali
nearmodel?
a.unidir
ecti
onal,
si
mpl e,
per
suasionnotmut
ualunder
standi
ng,
soci
alov
er
psy
chologi
calef
fects

Thi
sr ef
erstobel
i
efs,
soci
alst
atus,
val
ues,
andot
hersoci
alf
act
ors.
socialsyst
em

Whenamessagei
ssenti
nthef
orm ofav
ideo,
text
,dance,
orcul
tur
e.
Channel

Thi
srefer
stot
hear
rangementofel
ement
sint
hecont
entoft
hemessage.
Str
uct
ure

Youar
etr
yingtodeci
deifyouwantt
otakeMedi
cineorEngi
neer
ing,
whatki
ndof
communi
cati
onishappeni
ng?
I
ntr
aper
sonal
Communi
cat
ion

Dance'
sHeli
xModel
isanexampl
eof
Int
eract
ive

Thi
selementcanonlybeseeni
ntheSchr
amm communi
cat
ionmodel
.
fi
eldofexper
ience

Whoinvent
edt
hespi
ral
model
ofcommuni
cat
ion?
Dance
Communi cati
onmodel
wher
ether
ecei
verandsendert
aket
urnsi
nconv
eyi
ngt
hei
r
message.
Transact
ional

Apr
obl
em sol
vi
ngmeet
ingbel
ongst
owhatf
orm ofcommuni
cat
ion?
gr
oupcommuni
cat
ion

Thi
sisanobj
ectt
hathasat
hree-
dimensi
onal
shapel
i
keawi
reorcy
li
nderorcone.
Pyr
amid

Thi
sistheent
ir
etyoft
hemessaget
hiscov
ersf
rom t
hebegi
nni
ngt
otheend.
Content

Whoconcept
ual
i
zedt
heSMCRmodel
?
Ber
lo

Thisi
showyoupackagey
ourmessage.
Treat
ment

Anexample/
sofalinearcommuni
cat
ionmodel
.
Shannon-
WeaverandBerlo'
sSMCR

Li
steni
ngt
oSpot
if
yadsshowswhatf
orm ofcommuni
cat
ion?
MASSCOMMUNI
CATI
ON.
.

Thismodel st
atesthatcommunicat
iveacti
onwil
lal
way
sbeanaccumul
ati
onofpast
exper
iences,event
s,orbehav
ior
sandt hatcommuni
cat
ional
way
smoveforwar
d.
Dance

Whichmodeli
sal
socal
l
edt
heconv
ergencemodel
?
I
nteract
ive

WhenwasSchr
amm’
smodel
dev
eloped
1954
Yourcousi
nscanhav
eadi
ff
erentcul
tur
efr
om y
ou.
True

Li
steni
ngandHear
ingar
ethesame.
Fal
se

Whatprobl
em isencount
eredever
yti
meweheart
histhought
:"Whywearcl
othesthat
show toomuchski nifyou'r
enotinter
est
edi
nat t
racti
ngment othi
nkofl ustf
ul
thought
saboutyou?!
"
Bothofthegi
venchoicesarecorr
ect

Roost
erscr
owi
ngat2a.
misanext
ri
nsi
cnoi
se.
Fal
se

Whosai
dthatf
il
ipi
nosav
oidt
alki
ngaboutmoney
?
Vi
nceRApi
sura

Wheny ouusey ourownknowl

edgei
nint
erpr
eti
ngthesentdat
aandyoufi
ndoutthatyour
preconcei
v ednoti
onsandt
hemeani
ngofthemessagearenotcompat
ibl
e,whi
chkindof
noiseispresent?
factualnoise

Thesearecommunicat
ionpat
ter
nst hatar
efr
om psy
chol
ogi
cal
,soci
al,
cul
tur
alor
soci
etal
patter
nsorgai
nedknowledge.
f
iel
dofexperi
ence

Whichcul
tur
ecancancel schedul
esorappoi
ntment
sduet
oper
sonal
and
soci
alr
esponsi
bil
i
ties?
Al
loft
heanswerscorrect

Roost
erscr
owi
ngat2a.
misani
ntr
insi
cnoi
se.
FALSE

Whichmodeli
sal
socal
l
edt
heconv
ergencemodel
?
Int
eract
ive

Theant
hropol
ogi
stwhogav
ethedef
ini
ti
onofr
eli
gioni
nthemodul
e:
Geer
tz
Whatemer
gedi
nourl
i
vest
hatmadei
tpossi
blef
orust
ogett
oknowourf
ell
owmenf
rom
afar
?
I
nter
net

Ther
eisnoneedt
ounder
standy
our
sel
fwhenl
i
steni
ng.
Fal
se

Thefi
rstst
epi
nimpr
ovi
ngy
ourl
i
steni
ngski
l
lsi
stost
opt
alki
ng.
Fal
se

Ther
ear
efourkindsofnoisethataf
fectt
hecommuni
cati
onprocess.Li
stt
hem
down.f
eedback,int
ernalnoi
se,semanti
cnoi
se,
fact
ualnoi
se

Thisel
ementcanonlybeseeni
ntheSchr
amm communi
cat
ionmodel
.
fi
eldofexper
ience

Noi
seonl
yhappensext
ernal
l
y.
Fal
se

Whichcul
tur
eismor
eri
gidwi
tht
ime?
Easter
n

You'r
etryi
ngt oli
stentoy
ourteacherbutyoukeeponremember
ingthefunni
ghtyouhad
wit
hy ourfr
iends.Whentheteachercal
ledyoutoreci
teandy
oudidnothearwhatthe
questi
onwas, whatkindofnoi
sewaspr esent
?
inter
nalnoise

Whi
chMcdonal
d’scommer
cial
wasusedasanexampl
eint
hemodul
e?

Thi
snoi
seprevent
sy oufr
om get
ti
ngt hemaini
deaoft
hever
balmessagebecausey
ouzer
o
i
nondetai
lsr
atherthanputt
hem togethert
oseet
hewhol
epict
ure.
semant
icnoi
se

Ethnocent
ri
sm canalsohappenwhensomeonef
rom Mi
ndanaoi
sdi
scr
imi
nat
ed
bysomeoner om Luzon.
False

WhyareChi
nesekidsaheadofFi
l
ipi
noswheni
tcomest
oMat
h?
I
tispar
toft
heircult
ure
Highcont
extcul
tur
esar
emor
etol
erantofbei
ngr
eject
ed.
False

I
nthePhili
ppi
nes,wher
ethemajori
tyisbr
owskinned,
fai
rski
nisequat
edt
obeaut
yand
weal
th.Whatkindofi
nter
cul
tur
alprobl
em i
sthi
s?
St
ereoty
ping

Li
steni
nghel
psi
nenhanci
ngori
mpr
ovi
ngourr
elat
ionshi
pwi
thour
sel
vesandot
her
s.
Tr
ue

Lowcont
extcul
tur
esdonott
oler
atebei
ng
rej
ect
edTrue

All
weal
thypeopl
ewor
kbl
ue-
col
l
arj
obs.
Fal
se

Whichcul
tur
eismor
eanal
yti
cal
andr
equi
resmor
ever
bal
cues?
Et
hnic

Whyar
eChi
neseki
dsaheadofFi
l
ipi
noswheni
tcomest
oMat
h?

Answer

Hear
ingi
ssy
nony
moust
oli
st ng.Fal
eni se

Cul
tur
ecanonl
ybeobser
vedi
fsomeonei
sfr
om anot
hercount
ry.
Fal
se

Sel
ect
ivehear
ingi
ncr
easesourchancesofunder
standi
ngsomeone.

Fal
se

Noi
seonl
yhappensi
nter
nal
l
y.

Fal
se

Thi
sisanyki
ndofst
imul
itooursenseswhi
chaf
fect
showmessagesar
e

conv
eyedNoi
se

Theant
hropol
ogi
stswhogav
ethedef
ini
ti
onofr
eli
gioni
nthemodul
e

Geer
tz
I
t'
sokayt
othi
nkaboutwhaty
ouwantt
otel
lyourf
ri
endwhi
l
eshe'
stal
ki
ngt
oyou.

Tr
ue

Whatproblem i
sencounter
edev
eryt
imethi
sol
dadagei
srel
ayedt
ochi
l
dren:
"Wagkang
makul
it
,sigeka,kukuni
nkanungbumbay
".

Pr
ejudi
ce

Team col
l
abor
ati
oni
nsi
det
hecl
assr
oom i
swhatf
orm ofcommuni
cat
ion?

Gr
oup

Thi
sref
erst
obel
i
efs,
soci
alst
atus,
val
ues,
andot
hersoci
alf
act
ors.

soci
alsy
stem

Thi
ssect
ionat
tempt
stoanswer:
whatmat
eri
alswer
eusedandhowt
heywer
eused.

Mat
eri
alsandMet
hods

notpass)y
ourexamsi
fyoudon'
tst
artwor
kinghar
der
.

Wi
llnotpass

Ter
msusedt
obot
hsexesgr
ant
ingbot
hst
atusandr
espect
.

Gender
-fr
eet
erms

WeuseMLAst
ylef
orar
ts,
li
ter
atur
eandt
hehumani
ti
es.

Tr
ue

Hesuf
fer
edf
rom _
___
___
___
___
___
thathecoul
dpr
edi
ctt
heendoft
hewor
ld.

Del
usi
on

Themethodsectionoftheabst
ractshoul
dexplai
nhowyouwentaboutsol
vi
ngt
he
probl
em orexpl
oringt
heissueyouident
if
iedasyourmai
nobj
ecti
ve.

Tr
ue

Suppor
tsmai
nar
gument
swi
thcont
ri
but
ionsf
rom l
i
ter
aryaut
hor
it
iesandr
efer
ences.
Pr
oof
s/ev
idences

Acondensedi
nfor
mat
ioni
ncl
udi
ngdet
ail
,whi
l
enotbei
ngconcer
nedaboutl
engt
h.

Summar
y

I
'
m meet
ingmymot
heratt
heai
rpor
ttomor
row.

Schedul
edev
ent

I
ndev
elopingthefi
naloutl
ineofar
esear
chpaper
,iti
simpor
tantt
oest
abl
i
sh
t
hesi
gnif
icanceofyourresear
chby,

Nar
rowi
ngdowny
ourt
opi
c.

Expr
essi
onst
hatshoul
dbeav
oidedwhenwr
it
ingasci
ent
if
icr
epor
t.

Sl
ang/
Idi
oms

y
ou/
go)t
othepar
tyt
omor
rowni
ght
?

Ar
eyougoi
ng

Av
oidusi
ngt
hemet
ri
csy
stem ofmeasur
ement
s.

Fal
se

TheHomeOffi
ceint
eri
ormini
str
yhasmadecont
actwi
thOmar
'sf
ami
l
yandi
s
assi
sti
ngt
hem i
n"tr
avel
li
ng"t
oBrit
ain.

obj
ectoft
hepr
eposi
ti
on

Ani
ntent
ional
oruni
ntent
ional
useofsomeoneel
se'
swor
dsandt
aki
ngt
hem asy
ourown.

Pl
agi
ari
sm

Aper
sonwi
thpoorl
i
steni
ngski
l
lswoul
dhav
eexempl
aryr
elat
ionshi
pswi
theachot
her
.

Fal
se

Whatar
ethechar
act
eri
sti
csofaLi
nearmodel
ofcommuni
cat
ion?
Nor
thPol
e,Temper
ateZone,
summi
t
-
geogr
aphy
Eval
uati
ngdetai
lstomakej
udgment
.
-
drawingconcl
usion

Thehumansexchr omosomesar eoftheXX-XYpatt

ern.TheYchromosomei smuchsmal l
er
thantheXchr omosome.Twot ypesofsperm cel
l
sareformedduri
nggamet ogenesi
s;hal
fof
thesehavetheXchr omosomeandt heothershavet
heYchr omosome.Ev er
yeggcellhasanX
chromosome; ther
efore,f
erti
l
izati
ondeter
minesthesex.IfaYsperm cel
lfer
ti
li
zestheegg,a
maledevelops.
Whatistheaut hor
'spurpose?
-i
nformthestepsinferti
li
zati
on.

Com -i
sapr efi
xwhi
chmeans'
toget
her
'or'
wit
h'.I
fyouar
easkedt
oser
vewi
thot
her
sona
proj
ect
,thegroupi
susual
l
ycal
l
eda
-commit
tee

Untilt
he1960s, peopl eint heUni tedSt atesdi dnotpar ti
cul arl
ypayat tenti
ont othenat ural
envir
onment .Rat her ,Amer i
canswer emor ef ocusedont heeconomy .Howev er ,
wi than
i
ncreasei noi lspills,poll
ut ingfact oriesandpowerpl ants, andt hel ossofwi l
der ness,
suddenl ypeopl er ealizestheyshar edcommonv alues.Theycal ledf oranat i
onal or ganizati
on
toprotectt heenv i
ronment .Accor dingly,onApr il22,1970, thefirstEar t
hDAY, 20MI LLION
Amer i
canst ookt ot hest reets,par ksandaudi t
oriumst odemonst r
at eforaheal thy,
sustainabl eenv ironment .Thousandsofcol legesanduni versit
iesor ganizedpr otest sagainst
thedet eriorationoft heenv ir
onment .
Thef i
rstEar thDayl edt ot hecr eat i
onoft heUni tedSt atesEnv ir
onment alProtectionAgency
(EPA)andt hepassageoft heCl eanAi r
,Cl eanWat er,andEndanger edSpeci esAct s.President
RichardNi xonandCongr esswor kedt oget hert oestablishedt heEPAi nresponset ot he
growingpubl i
cdemandf orcl eanerwat er ,airandl and.Pr iortot heest abli
shmentoft heEPA,
thenat i
onal gov ernmentwasnotst ructuredt omakecoor dinatedat tackont hepol l
utants,
whichhar m humanheal thanddegr adet heenv i
ronment .TheEPAwasassi gnedt hedaunt i
ng
taskofr epai ri
ngt hedamageal readydonet ot henat ural env i
ronment .Whydoest heaut hor
ment i
ont hef ir
stEar thDayi npar agr aph2?
-toil
l
ust ratehowt hisev entr esul t
edi nani mpor tantor gani zati
on

Sl
angwor
dsar
eexampl
esofi
nfor
mal
Engl
i
sh.
-
tr
ue

PASSAGE: Study: Teenagebr ai

nl acksempat hyBySar aGoudar ziIfyouev ersenset eenagersare
nottakingy ourfeelingsintoaccount ,it'
sprobabl ybecauset hey'rejustincapabl eofdoi ngso.The
areaoft hebr ainassoci atedwi thhigher-l
evelthinking,empat hy,andgui ltisunder usedby
teenagers, reportsanewst udy.Whenconsi deri
nganact ion,theteenagemedi alprefrontal
cortex,
l
ocat edinf rontoft hebr ain,doesn'tgetasmuchact ionasadul ts."Thinkingst r
ategieschangewi t
h
age,"saidSar ahJay neBl akemor eoft heUniversityCollegeLondonI nsti
tuteofCogni tiv
e
Neur oscience." Asy ougetol dery ouusemor eorl essthesamebr ainnetwor kt omakedeci si
ons
abouty ouract ionsasy oudi dwheny ouwer eat eenager ,butthecr ucialdif
ferencei sthatthe
dist
ributi
onoft hatbr ai
nact i
vi
tyshiftsfrom thebackoft hebr ai
n
(wheny ouar eat eenager )tot hef ront(wheny ouar eanadul t)."Teent hinki ngI nthest udy ,
teensandadul tswer easkedhowt heywoul dr eactt ocer tainsi tuations.Ast heyr esponded,
resear chersi magedt hei rbrains.Al thoughbot hadul tsandt eensr espondedsi mi l
ar l
yt ot he
quest ions, t
heirbr ainact ivi
tydi ffer ed.Themedi al prefront al cor texwasmuchmor eact iveinthe
adul tsthani nt het eens.Howev er, theteenager shadmuchmor eact ivit
yi nt hesuper ior
tempor alsulcus, thebr ainar eai nv ol vedinpr edi ctingf ut ureact i
onsbasedonpr ev i
ousones.
Adul tswer eal somuchf asteratf igur i
ngouthowt heiract i
onswoul daf fectt hemsel vesand
otherpeopl e."Wet hinkt hatat eenager 'sjudgmentofwhatt heywoul ddoi nagi vensi tuat i
onis
drivenbyt hesi mpl equest i
on: 'Whatwoul dIdo? '"Blakemor esai d." Adul ts, ont heot herhand,
ask: 'Whatwoul dIdo, giv enhowIwoul df eel andgi venhowt hepeopl ear oundmewoul dfeelas
ar esultofmyact ions? '
"Dev elopi ngsensi ti
v i
tyChi l
drenst artt akingi ntoaccountot herpeopl e'
s
feelingsar oundt heageoff ive.Butt heabi li
tydev elopswel lbey ondt hisage, thenewr esear ch
suggest s.Andwhi lesomeoft hi ssensi ti
vitycoul dbet her esul tofundev elopedr egionsi nthe
brain, t
heexper iencet hatadul tsacqui r
ef rom soci alint eract ionsal sopl ay sani mpor tantr ole.
Mypur posei nreadi ngt his:Readi ngSt r
at egyIwi lluse: 12" What everther easons, i
tiscl earthat
teenager saredeal i
ngwi th,notonl ymassi vehor monal shif t
s, butal sosubst ant i
al neur al
changes, "Blakemor esai d."Thesechangesdonothappengr adual l
yandst eadilybet weent he
agesof0–18.Theycomeoni ngr eatspur t
sandpuber tyisoneoft hemostdr amat ic
dev elopment alstages. "Ther esul tsoft hest udywer epr esent edt odayatt heBAFest ival of
Sciencei ntheUK.
Whydi dt heaut horment ion‘hor monal shi f
t’inthear ticle?
-tov ali
dat ethecl aim oft her esear chont eens’ behav i
ori nr elationt ot heirbr aindev elopment
Academi
cEngl
i
shusesacompl
exgr
ammat
ical
str
uct
ure.
-
True
Get
ti
ngt
hegi
stofat
ext
.
-
ski
mming

Ther
ever
seofi
ncr
easei
s
-
decr
ease

Unt i
lthe1960s, peoplei nt heUni tedSt at esdi dnotpar ticularl
ypayat tentiont ot henat ural
env i
ronment .Rat her,Amer icanswer emor efocusedont heeconomy .Howev er ,withan
i
ncr easei noi l
spi ll
s,pollut i
ngf actoriesandpowerpl ant s,andt helossofwi l
der ness, suddenly
peopl ereal i
zest heyshar edcommonv alues.Theycal ledf oranat ional organi zationt oprotect
theenv i
ronment .Accor dingl y,
onApr il22, 1970, t
hef i
rstEar thDAY, 20MI LLIONAmer i
cans
tookt ot hest r
eet s,parksandaudi t
oriumst odemonst ratef orahealt hy,sust ainabl e
env i
ronment .Thousandsofcol legesanduni versi
tiesor ganizedprot estsagai nstt he
deter i
orationoft heenv i
ronment .Thef irstEar thDayl edt othecreationoft heUni tedSt ates
Env i
ronment alPr otecti
onAgency( EPA)andt hepassageoft heCleanAi r,CleanWat er,and
Endanger edSpeci esAct s.Pr esidentRi char dNixonandCongr esswor kedt oget hert o
establishedt heEPAi nresponset othegr owingpubl icdemandf orcleanerwat er,airandl and.
Priortot heest abl i
shmentoft heEPA, thenat ional gover nmentwasnotst ructuredt omake
coor dinatedat t
ackont hepol l
utants, whi chhar m humanheal t
handdegr adet heenv ir
onment .
TheEPAwasassi gnedt hedaunt ingt askofr epairi
ngt hedamageal readydonet ot henat ur
al
env i
ronment .
Whydi dt heaut horwr it
et hepassage?
-todiscusst heincr easei npubl icawar enessf oracl eanerenv i
ronment
Usepredict
ioninunder
standi
ngat
ext
.
-
cri
ti
calreading
Recor
dingquest
ionsf
orf
oll
ow–up.
-
cri
ti
calreadi
ng

Unt i
lthe1960s, peoplei ntheUni tedSt at esdi dnotpar ticularl
ypayat tentiont ot henat ural
env i
ronment .Rather,Amer icanswer emor efocusedont heeconomy .Howev er ,withan
i
ncr easei noi l
spill
s,polluti
ngf actoriesandpowerpl ant s,andt helossofwi l
der ness, suddenly
peopl ereal i
zestheyshar edcommonv alues.Theycal ledf oranat ional organi zationt oprotect
theenv i
ronment .Accor dingly,
onApr il22, 1970, t
hef i
rstEar thDAY, 20MI LLIONAmer i
cans
tookt ot hest r
eets,parksandaudi t
oriumst odemonst ratef oraheal thy,sust ainabl e
env i
ronment .Thousandsofcol legesanduni versit
iesor ganizedpr otestsagai nstt he
deter i
orationoft heenv i
ronment .Thef irstEar thDayl edt othecreat i
onoft heUni tedSt ates
Env i
ronment alProtecti
onAgency( EPA)andt hepassageoft heCl eanAi r,CleanWat er,and
Endanger edSpeci esAct s.PresidentRi char dNi xonandCongr esswor kedt oget hert o
establishedt heEPAi nresponset othegr owingpubl icdemandf orcl eanerwat er,airandl and.
Priortot heest abli
shmentoft heEPA, thenat ional gover nmentwasnotst ructuredt omake
coor dinatedat t
ackont hepol l
utants, whi chhar m humanheal t
handdegr adet heenv ir
onment .
TheEPAwasassi gnedt hedaunt ingt askofr epai r
ingthedamageal readydonet ot henat ur
al
env i
ronment .
Whati stheaut hor’spurposei npar agr aph2?
-todescr ibehowt hegov ernmentbecamemor einvolvedi ncleaningt heenv i
ronment
Thechil
drenal
lsmi
l
eduponr
ecei
vi
ngt
hei
rpr
esent
.
-PREsent
AcademicEngl
i
shdeal
swi
thunder
standi
ngofl
exi
cal
knowl
edgeandt
hephonol
ogi
cal
feat
ures
ofEngl
ish
-
true

DearTall
,DarkandHandsome—Thi sisyourl
uckyday!Thegi
rlofyourdr
eamsi sj
ustaphone
callaway
.Iam 5’ 10’
’
,sli
m, pret
ty,andonly23.Il
ovepopmusic,goodbooks,exoti
cfoods,
and
forei
gntr
avel.Gi
vemear inganydayaf t
er6P.M.Youwon’tbesorry
.
Yourgal,
Jackie.
Howdi dthespeakerexpresshermessage?
-byint
egr
atinghumorwi t
hsomei nter
esti
ngfact
sinhermessage
Lookingfori
temsi
nGoogl
esear
ch.
-scanni
ng

Aregressi
vemov
eisamov
eback;
anmov
ewoul
dmeanamov
etoort
owar
d.
-
aggressiv
e

PASSAGE: Study: Teenagebr ainlacksempat hyBySar aGoudar ziIfyouev ersenset eenagersar e

nottakingy ourfeelingsint oaccount,it'
spr obabl ybecauset hey'rejustincapabl eofdoi ngso.The
areaoft hebr ainassoci at edwithhigher -
levelthinking,empat hy,andgui ltisunder usedby
teenagers, reportsanewst udy.Whenconsi deri
nganact ion,theteenagemedi alprefrontalcortex,
l
ocat edinf rontoft hebr ain,doesn'tgetasmuchact ionasadul ts."Thinkingst r
ategieschangewi t
h
age,"saidSar ahJay neBl akemor eoft heUni versityCol l
egeLondonI nsti
tuteofCogni tiv
e
Neur oscience." Asy ougetol dery ouusemor eorl esst hesamebr ainnetwor kt omakedeci sions
abouty ouract ionsasy oudi dwheny ouwer eat eenager ,butthecr ucialdif
ferencei sthatthe
distr
ibuti
onoft hatbr ai
nact i
vit
yshiftsfrom t hebackoft hebr ai
n( wheny ouar eat eenager)tot he
front(wheny ouar eanadul t).
"Teent hinkingI nthest udy,teensandadul tswer easkedhowt hey
woul dreactt ocer tainsituati
ons.Ast heyr esponded, researchersimagedt heirbrains.Although
bothadul tsandt eensr espondedsi mi l
arlytot he
quest ions,theirbr ainact ivi
tydi ffer ed.Themedi al prefrontalcor texwasmuchmor eact i
veinthe
adul tsthani nt het eens.Howev er, t
het eenager shadmuchmor eact ivi
tyint hesuper ior
tempor alsulcus, thebr ainar eai nv olvedi npredi ctingf utureact i
onsbasedonpr eviousones.
Adul tswer eal somuchf asteratf iguri
ngouthowt heiract i
onswoul daf f
ectt hemsel vesand
otherpeopl e."Wet hinkt hatat eenager 'sjudgmentofwhatt heywoul ddoi nagi vensi tuati
onis
drivenbyt hesi mpl equest i
on: 'Whatwoul dIdo? '"Bl akemor esai d." Adul ts, ont heot herhand,
ask: 'Whatwoul dIdo, giv enhowIwoul df eel andgi venhowt hepeopl ear oundmewoul dfeelas
ar esultofmyact ions? '
"Dev elopi ngsensi ti
v i
tyChi l
dr enstartt akingi ntoaccountot herpeopl e'
s
feelingsar oundt heageoff ive.Butt heabi li
tydev elopswel lbey ondt hisage, thenewr esearch
suggest s.Andwhi lesomeoft hi ssensi ti
vitycoul dbet her esul tofundev elopedr egionsi nthe
brain, t
heexper iencet hatadul tsacqui r
ef rom soci al i
nteractionsal sopl ay sani mpor tantrole.
Mypur posei nreadi ngt his:Readi ngSt rategyIwi lluse: 12" What evert her easons, itisclearthat
teenager saredeal i
ngwi th,notonl ymassi vehor monal shift
s, butal sosubst ant i
alneur al
changes, "Blakemor esai d."Thesechangesdonothappengr adual l
yandst eadilybetweent he
agesof0–18.Theycomeoni ngr eatspur t
sandpuber tyisoneoft hemostdr amat ic
dev elopment alstages. "Ther esul tsoft hest udywer epr esent edt odayatt heBAFest ivalof
Sciencei ntheUK.
Wi thwhi chst atementl istedbel owwoul dtheaut horoft hisar ti
clemostl ikelyagr ee?
-Parent sshoul dNOTt akei tper sonal l
ywhent heirt eensdon’ tf eel sor ryforhowl ongt heywor k
i
naday
Thewor dister
r aci
de.I
tisnotcommi t
tedwithgunsandkni ves, butwithrel
entl
essbull
dozers,
roar
ingdumpt rucks,andgiantshovelsli
kemy t
hological
beast s.Dy namitecutsandri
psapar t
mountainstoreacht hemineralsi
nside,l
eavi
ngnot hi
ngbutempt y,nakedhil
l
s.Thelandisleft
wastedandal l
owedt osli
dedownuponhousesandi ntostreams, makingthelandunl
ivabl
eand
thestr
eam wat erundri
nkable.Thi
sisterraci
de,ori
fyoupr efer
, stri
pmi ni
ng.
Whichofthesebestdescr i
best heauthor’
sviewabouthissubj ect?
-sati
ri
cal
Thepref
ixad-means"
to"or"t
oward"
.Wheny
ousuppor
tsomet
hingandcal
lot
her
stoaccept
yourpoi
ntofvi
ew,y
ouareit
ssupport
.
-
advocate

Ci
v i
lWar,
Gul
fWar
,apar
thei
d
-
histor
y
Cer
tai
namountcanbet
akenawayorf
rom i
ncomet
axr
etur
ns.
-
deduct
ed

Thesuper
visorwasf
ir
edduet
oaquest
ionabl
econducti
ntheWor
kpl
ace.
-
CONduct
Si
mpleconnect
orsar
eusedi
nAcademi
clanguage.
-
fal
se

Whenaper sonhasasmi
l
ethatl
uresorat
tract
speopl
e,wecal
lhi
m/
her-
all
uri
ng

PASSAGE: Study: Teenagebr ai

nl acksempat hyBySar aGoudar ziI
fyouev ersenseteenagersare
nottakingy ourfeelingsintoaccount ,it
'sprobabl ybecauset hey'rej
ustincapableofdoingso.The
areaoft hebrainassoci atedwi thhigher-l
evelthinking,empat hy,andguiltisunderusedby
teenagers,reportsanewst udy.Whenconsi deri
nganact ion,theteenagemedi alprefr
ontal
cortex,
l
ocat edinfrontoft hebr ain,doesn'tgetasmuchact ionasadul ts."
Thinkingstrat
egieschangewi t
h
age,"saidSarahJay neBl akemor eoftheUni versityCollegeLondon
InstituteofCogni tiveNeur oscience." Asy ougetol dery ouusemor eorl esst hesamebr ain
net wor kt omakedeci sionsabouty ouract i
onsasy oudi dwheny ouwer eat eenager ,butt he
cruci aldifferencei st hatt hedi st ri
but ionoft hatbrainact i
vityshi f t
sf rom t hebackoft hebr ain
(wheny ouar eat eenager )tot hef ront(wheny ouar eanadul t)."Teent hinki ngI nthest udy ,
teensandadul tswer easkedhowt heywoul dr eactt ocer tainsi tuations.Ast heyr esponded,
resear cher si magedt hei rbrains.Al thoughbot hadul tsandt eensr espondedsi mi l
ar l
yt ot he
quest i
ons, theirbr ainact ivit
ydi ffer ed.Themedi al prefront al cor texwasmuchmor eact ivei nthe
adul tst hani nt het eens.Howev er, theteenager shadmuchmor eact ivityint hesuper ior
tempor al sulcus, thebr ai
nar eai nv ol vedinpr edi
ctingf ut ureact ionsbasedonpr ev i
ousones.
Adul tswer eal somuchf asteratf igur i
ngouthowt heiract i
onswoul daf fectt hemsel vesand
otherpeopl e."Wet hinkt hatat eenager 'sjudgmentofwhatt heywoul ddoi nagi vensi tuat ionis
drivenbyt hesi mpl equest i
on: 'Whatwoul dIdo? '
"Bl akemor esai d." Adul ts, ont heot herhand,
ask: 'Whatwoul dIdo, givenhowIwoul df eel andgi venhowt hepeopl ear oundmewoul df eel as
ar esultofmyact ions? '"Dev elopi ngsensi ti
v i
tyChi l
dr enst artt akingi ntoaccountot herpeopl e'
s
feelingsar oundt heageoff ive.Butt heabi li
tydev elopswel lbey ondt hi sage, thenewr esear ch
suggest s.Andwhi lesomeoft hi ssensi ti
vitycouldbet her esul tofundev elopedr egionsi nt he
brain, theexper iencet hatadul tsacqui r
ef rom soci al i
nt eract ionsal sopl ay sani mpor tantr ol e.
Mypur posei nreadi ngt his:Readi ngSt r
at egyIwi lluse: 12" What evert her easons, i
tiscl eart hat
teenager sar edeal i
ngwi th,notonl ymassi vehor monal shif t
s, butal sosubst ant i
al neur al
changes, "Bl akemor esai d."Thesechangesdonothappengr adual l
yandst eadilybet weent he
agesof0–18.Theycomeoni ngr eatspur t
sandpuber tyisoneoft hemostdr amat ic
dev elopment alstages. "Ther esul tsoft hest udywer epr esent edt odayatt heBAFest ival of
Sciencei nt heUK.
Whati st hedomi nantf eelingoft heaut hori nhi sar t
icle?
-opt imi sti
c
Marki
ngkeywordsandsummar
izi
ng.
-
cri
ti
calr
eadi
ng

Unt i
lthe1960s, peopl ei ntheUni tedSt atesdi dnotpar ticularl
ypayat tentiont ot henat ural
env i
ronment .Rat her, Amer icanswer emor efocusedont heeconomy .Howev er ,withan
i
ncr easei noi l
spi ll
s, polluti
ngf actoriesandpowerpl ant s,andt helossofwi l
der ness, suddenly
peopl ereal i
zest heyshar edcommonv al
ues.Theycal ledf oranat ional organi zationt oprotect
theenv i
ronment .Accor dingly,
onApr il22, 1970, t
hef i
rstEar thDAY, 20MI LLIONAmer i
cans
tookt ot hest r
eet s,par ksandaudi t
oriumst odemonst ratef oraheal thy,sust ainabl e
env i
ronment .Thousandsofcol legesanduni versi
tiesor ganizedpr otestsagai nstt he
deter i
orationoft heenv i
ronment .Thef ir
stEar thDayl edt othecreat i
onoft heUni tedSt ates
Env i
ronment alPr otect i
onAgency( EPA)andt hepassageoft heCl eanAi r,CleanWat er,and
Endanger edSpeci esAct s.PresidentRi char dNixonandCongr esswor kedt oget hert o
establishedt heEPAi nr esponset othegr owingpubl icdemandf orcl eanerwat er,airandl and.
Priortot heest abl i
shmentoft heEPA, t
henat ional gover nmentwasnotst ructuredt omake
coor dinatedat t
ackont hepol l
utants, whichhar m humanheal t
handdegr adet heenv ir
onment .
TheEPAwasassi gnedt hedaunt ingt askofr epairi
ngt hedamageal readydonet ot henat ur
al
env i
ronment .
Whi choft hefollowi ngbestdescr i
best heaut hor ’
sat t
itudet owar dthecr eat i
onofEPA?
-Theaut horbeliev esont headv ocacyoft heEPA
Qui
ckl
yreadi
ngat
rav
elbr
ochur
e.
-
ski
mmi ng

Thegr
oupjoi
nedt
hedebat
econt
est
.
-
CONtest
Untilt
he1960s, peopl eint heUni tedSt atesdi dnotpar ti
cul arl
ypayat tenti
ont othenat ural
envir
onment .Rat her ,Amer i
canswer emor ef ocusedont heeconomy .Howev er ,
wi than
i
ncreasei noi lspi l
ls,poll
ut ingfact oriesandpowerpl ants, andt hel ossofwi l
der ness,
suddenlypeopl er ealizestheyshar edcommonv alues.Theycal ledf oranat i
onal or ganizati
on
toprotectt heenv i
ronment .Accor dingly,onApr il22,1970, thefirstEar t
hDAY, 20MI LLION
Amer i
canst ookt ot hest reets,par ksandaudi t
oriumst odemonst r
at eforaheal thy,
sustai
nabl eenv i
ronment .Thousandsofcol legesanduni versit
iesor ganizedpr otest sagainst
thedeter i
orationoft heenv ir
onment .
Thef i
rstEar thDayl edt ot hecr eat i
onoft heUni tedSt atesEnv ir
onment alProtectionAgency
(EPA)andt hepassageoft heCl eanAi r
,Cl eanWat er,andEndanger edSpeci esAct s.President
RichardNi xonandCongr esswor kedt oget hert oestablishedt heEPAi nresponset ot he
growingpubl i
cdemandf orcl eanerwat er ,airandl and.Pr iortot heest abli
shmentoft heEPA,
thenational gov ernmentwasnotst ructuredt omakecoor dinatedat tackont hepol l
utants,
whichhar m humanheal thanddegr adet heenv i
ronment .TheEPAwasassi gnedt hedaunt i
ng
taskofr epairingt hedamageal readydonet ot henat ural env i
ronment .Whydi dtheaut hor
ment i
ont hepr otestinpar agr aph1?
-todescribet hef ir
stEar thDay

PASSAGE: Study: Teenagebr ainlacksempat hyBySar aGoudar zi Ify ouev ersenset eenager s
arenott aki ngy ourf eelingsi nt oaccount ,i
t'
spr obabl ybecauset hey 'rej usti ncapabl eofdoi ngso.
Thear eaoft hebr ainassoci atedwi thhi gher -l
ev el thinking, empat hy ,andgui l
ti sunder usedby
teenager s, repor tsanewst udy .Whenconsi der inganact i
on, t
het eenagemedi al prefront al
cortex, locat edi nf rontoft hebr ain, doesn'tgetasmuchact i
onasadul ts." Thi nkingst rategies
changewi thage, "sai dSar ahJay neBl akemor eoft heUni versit
yCol legeLondonI nst i
tuteof
Cogni tiveNeur osci ence." Asy ougetol dery ouusemor eorl esst hesamebr ainnet wor kt o
makedeci sionsabouty ouract ionsasy oudi dwheny ouwer eat eenager ,butt hecr uci al
diff
er encei st hatt hedi st ri
but i
onoft hatbr ainact ivityshi ft
sf r
om t hebackoft hebr ain( when
youar eat eenager )t othef r
ont( wheny ouar eanadul t)
."Teent hinkingI nt hest udy ,teensand
adultswer easkedhowt heywoul dr eactt ocer tai nsi tuat i
ons.Ast heyr esponded, r
esear cher s
i
magedt hei rbr ains.Al t
houghbot hadul tsandt eensr espondedsi mi larlyt ot hequest ions, their
brainact ivitydi ff
er ed.Themedi al prefrontal cor texwasmuchmor eact ivei nt headul t
st hani n
thet eens.Howev er ,thet eenager shadmuchmor eact ivi
tyint hesuper iort empor al sulcus, the
brainar eai nv olvedi npr edict i
ngf utur eactionsbasedonpr evi
ousones.Adul tswer eal somuch
fasteratf igur ingouthowt hei ract ionswoul daf fectt hemsel vesandot herpeopl e."Wet hink
thatat eenager '
sj udgmentofwhatt heywoul ddoi nagi vensi tuat i
oni sdr ivenbyt hesi mple
quest ion: 'Whatwoul dIdo? '
"Bl akemor esai d."Adul ts, ont heot herhand, ask: '
Whatwoul dIdo,
givenhowIwoul df eel andgi venhowt hepeopl ear oundmewoul df eel asar esul tofmy
actions? '"Dev elopi ngsensi ti
v i
tyChi ldrenst arttaki ngi ntoaccountot herpeopl e'sf eelings
aroundt heageoff iv e.Butt heabi l
itydev elopswel l bey ondt hisage, thenewr esear chsuggest s.
Andwhi lesomeoft hissensi ti
vitycoul dbet her esul tofundev elopedr egionsi nt hebr ain, t
he
exper iencet hatadul tsacqui ref rom soci alinteract ionsal sopl ay sani mpor tantr ole.Mypur pose
i
nr eadi ngt his: Readi ngSt r
at egyIwi l
luse: 12" What ev erther easons, itiscl eart hatt eenager s
aredeal ingwi th, notonl ymassi vehor monal shi fts, butal sosubst ant ial neur al changes, "
Blakemor esai d."Thesechangesdonothappengr adual l
yandst eadi l
ybet weent heagesof
0–18.Theycomeoni ngr eatspur t
sandpuber tyi soneoft hemostdr amat icdev el
opment al
stages. "Ther esul tsoft hest udywer epr esent edt odayatt heBAFest ivalofSci encei nt heUK.
Whydi dt heaut horment ionaboutt hemedi alpr ef ront alcortex?
-toencour ageust ot akecar eofourbr ain
Not
et aki
ng.
-
cri
ti
calreadi
ng

Formal
Engl
i
shi
susedi
nAcademi
clanguage
-t
rue

Whendriv
ing,
youar
efor
cedt
oleav
ethehi
ghwaybecauseofr
oadr
epai
rs.y
out
her
efor
etur
n
awayona
-det
our

Thestudent
ssur
veyt
hei
slandwher
etheywi
l
lconductt
hei
rcasest
udi
es.
-
surVEY

Gener
alEngl
i
shr
equi
resgr
ammat
ical
compet
ence
-
fal
se

oasi
s,si
err
a,i
sthmus
-
geography
BatisaLat
inwor
dmeani
ng'
fi
ght
'.'
Tof
ightwi
th'
ist
hemeani
ng
of-combat

Lookingforadef
ini
ti
oni
nadi
cti
onar
y.
-scanni
ng

Anexposi
tor
ytexti
sanexampl
eofacademi
cEngl
i
sh.
-
True

GeneralEngli
shpert
ainstothel
anguageofacademi
cdi
sci
pli
nes,
oft
ext
sandl
i
ter
atur
e,andof
extended,r
easoneddiscour
se.
-f
alse

Usest
op–downandbot
tom–uppr
ocesses.
-
drawi
ngconcl
usi
on

Per
sonal
Pronoun"
I"i
susedi
nAcademi
cEngl
i
sh.
-
fal
se

Whenaforesti
sent
ir
elyst
ri
ppedoft
reesandot
herpl
ant
s,wesayt
hati
thasbeen
-
defor
est
ed

AGal
l
upsur
veyshowst
hatFi
l
ipi
nosar
eamongt
hehappi
estpeopl
eint
hewor
ld.
-
SURvey
PASSAGE: Study: Teenagebr ainlacksempat hyBySar aGoudar ziIfyouev ersenset eenagersare
nottakingy ourfeelingsintoaccount ,it'
spr obabl ybecauset hey'rejustincapabl eofdoi ngso.The
areaoft hebr ainassoci atedwi thhigher -
levelthinking,empat hy,andgui ltisunder usedby
teenagers, reportsanewst udy.Whenconsi deri
nganact ion,theteenagemedi alprefrontal
cortex,
l
ocat edinf rontoft hebr ain,doesn'tgetasmuchact ionasadul ts."Thinkingst r
ategieschangewi t
h
age,"saidSar ahJay neBl akemor eoft heUni versityCollegeLondonI nsti
tuteofCogni tiv
e
Neur oscience." Asy ougetol dery ouusemor eorl essthesamebr ainnetwor kt omakedeci si
ons
abouty ouract ionsasy oudi dwheny ouwer eat eenager ,butthecr ucialdif
ferencei sthatthe
distr
ibuti
onoft hatbr ai
nact i
vit
yshiftsfrom t hebackoft hebr ai
n( wheny ouar eat eenager)tothe
front(wheny ouar eanadul t).
"Teent hinkingI nthest udy,
teensandadul tswer easkedhowt heywoul dr eactt ocer tainsi t
uations.Ast heyr esponded,
resear cher si magedt hei rbrains.Al thoughbot hadul tsandt eensr espondedsi mi l
ar lyt othe
quest ions, thei rbrainact ivi
tydi ffer ed.Themedi al prefrontal cor texwasmuchmor eact i
v einthe
adul tst hani nt het eens.Howev er, t
het eenager shadmuchmor eact ivi
tyint hesuper ior
tempor al sulcus, thebr ainar eai nv olvedi npredictingf utureact i
onsbasedonpr ev i
ousones.
Adul tswer eal somuchf asteratf iguringouthowt heiract i
onswoul daf f
ectt hemsel vesand
otherpeopl e." Wet hinkt hatat eenager '
sjudgmentofwhatt heywoul ddoi nagi vensi tuat i
onis
drivenbyt hesi mpl equest i
on: 'Whatwoul dIdo? '
"Bl akemor esai d."Adults, ont heot herhand,
ask: 'Whatwoul dIdo, giv enhowIwoul dfeel andgi venhowt hepeopl ear oundmewoul df eelas
ar esultofmyact i
ons? '
"Dev elopi ngsensi ti
v i
tyChi l
dr enst artt akingi ntoaccountot herpeopl e'
s
feelingsar oundt heageoff ive.Butt heabi li
tydev elopswel lbey ondt hisage, t
henewr esear ch
suggest s.Andwhi lesomeoft hi ssensi tiv
itycouldbet her esul tofundev elopedr egi onsi nt he
brain, t
heexper i
encet hatadul tsacqui refrom soci al i
nteract ionsal sopl ay sani mpor tantr ole.
Mypur posei nr eadingt his:Readi ngSt r
ategyIwi lluse: 12" What everther easons, i
ti scleart hat
teenager sar edeal i
ngwi th,notonl ymassi vehor monal shif t
s, butal sosubst anti
al neur al
changes, "Bl akemor esai d."Thesechangesdonothappengr adual l
yandst eadilybet weent he
agesof0–18.Theycomeoni ngr eatspur t
sandpuber tyisoneoft hemostdr amat i
c
dev elopment al st
ages. "Ther esul tsoft hest udywer epr esent edt odayatt heBAFest ival of
Sciencei nt heUK.
Whi chst atementbestdescr i
best heaut hor’
sat ti
tudet owar dt eenager s?
-Teensdon’ tt hinkthingsoutcl ear lyandt hereforet heyar eunabl etomakel ogical deci sions.
I
fprogressis'
steppingfor
war d'
andr
egr
essmeans'
steppi
ngback'
,thewor
dwhi
chl
i
ter
all
y
means' st
eppi
ngt ogether
'is
-
congress

Bat
aanDeat
hMar
ch,
Wat
ergat
eScandal
,Buboni
cPl
ague-
hi
stor
y
Thewor di ster
r aci
de.I
tisnotcommi tt
edwi thgunsandkni ves, butwithrel
entl
essbull
dozers,
roari
ngdumpt rucks,andgiantshov el
slikemy t
hological
beast s.Dy namitecutsandri
psapar t
mount ainstoreacht hemineralsinsi
de,leavi
ngnot hi
ngbutempt y,nakedhil
l
s.Thelandisleft
wastedandal l
owedt osli
dedownuponhousesandi ntostreams, makingthelandunl
ivabl
eand
thestream wat erundri
nkable.Thisisterraci
de,ori
fyoupr efer
, stri
pmi ni
ng.Whatisthe
author'
spur pose?
-i
nformy ouoft hedangersoft err
acide.
Tofuisapr oductthatisbecomingverypopularasalow-calori
e,cholester
ol-
fr
eemeat
substi
tute.Formerlyi
twasf oundexcl
usivel
yinOrientalmarketsandheal t
hfoodstores,but
todaytofucanbepur chasedinmostsuper marketproducedepartment s.Thi
swhite,cheesel
ike
substanceismadef r
om thecondensedmi l
kofsoy beans.I
tisextremelyhighinprot
einandlow
i
nsodi um.Tof uisalmosttastel
essbyit
self
,butitcanbeeasi l
ymi xedintosaucesandsoups; i
t
canev enbemadet oimitat
escrambledeggs.
Whati stheauthor'
sprimarypurpose?
-i
nfor
mt her eadersaboutalowcalori
ediet
Ourcriminaljusti
cesystem todayi sadi sgr
ace.Moder ndaycri
mi nalshavemor erightsthanan
honestciti
zenev erimaginedwer ewr i
ttenintoourU.S.Consti
tuti
on.Mur derersandr api
stsare
typi
call
ysetf reeonlegaltechnical
iti
esandsel dom faceanyjail
time.Whi l
et hatscum isback
towor kfi
ndingnewv i
cti
ms, thepleasoft hosetheyhav eki
ll
ed,mai med,orv i
olat
edgounhear d.
Until
webegi ngi vi
ngsomer ealconsiderati
ontopeoplewhoobeyt helaw, i
nsteadoft hosewho
breakit,
thingsaregoingt ocont i
nueget ti
ngwor se.
Whatistheauthor
’sper
spect
iveabouthi
ssubj
ect
?
-
disappr
oving
v
acci
nati
on,
ser
um,
car
bohy
drat
es
-
heal
th
Ourcriminaljusticesy st
em todayi sadi sgr
ace.Moder ndaycr i
mi nalshav emor erightst hanan
honestciti
zenev erimaginedwer ewr i
ttenintoourU. S.Const i
tuti
on.Mur derersandr apistsare
typi
call
ysetf reeonl egal t
echnicalit
iesandsel dom f aceanyj ail
time.Whi l
et hatscum isback
towor kfi
ndingnewv i
ctims,thepl easoft hoset heyhav ekil
l
ed, mai med, orv i
olat
edgounhear d.
Until
webegi ngi v i
ngsomer ealconsi derati
ont opeopl ewhoobeyt hel aw, i
nsteadoft hosewho
breakit,
thingsar egoi ngtocont i
nueget ti
ngwor se.
Howdi dtheaut horexpr esshi s/
herdi sappr ovaloft hecr i
minal j
usticesy stem inAmer ica?
-bycompar i
ngt hepl i
ghtofthev icti
msandt hef reedom oft hecrimi nals
ThisisPhili
ppi
nel i
ter
atureatit
sfinest.Forami ll
ennium,i
thasbeenv er
ymuchal i
ve,shapi
ng
curr
entev ent
s,inf
luenci
ngpr eval
entideologiesandsociet
aldi
ctat
es,fuel
ingourpatr
ioti
sm,
promot i
ngasenseofgr eat
ergoodandbest owinghopesandaspirat
ionsthatt
hisnation
couldinscri
beinthechronicl
eofitssoul .
Whati sthepurposeoft hespeakerinthepassage?
-t
oinformt hereadersaboutthecontributi
onofPhi l
ippi
neli
ter
atur
etoourcountry.
Tomakeadel iciousNewEngl andpie,pr oceedasf ol
l
ows: takesomewat erandfl
our;t
hen
constr
uctabullet-
proofdough.Maket hisi ntoadisk-
shapedobject.Dryitforacoupleofdaysin
ami l
dtemperature.Pouronsteweddr iedappl esandslabsofcitron;l
eavei ti
nasafeplaceunti
l
i
tpetri
fi
es.Servecoldatbreakfastandi nviteyourmother-
in-l
aw.Whati stheauthor'
spurpose?

-
ent
ert
ainof(
sat
ir
ize)NewEngl
andcooki
ng.
Anarr
ati
vetextt
ell
sast oryandusuall
yfol
l
owsaf amil
iarstr
uctur
e.Itcanbei
nthef
orm of
r
eport
ingoffact
ualevents,ort
heretel
li
ngofat
alefrom oralt
radi
ti
on.Iti
soft
enwri
tt
enin
i
nfor
mal,ever
ydayEngli
sh.
-
tr
ue

(Writ
eInformalEngli
shorAcademicEngli
sh)
:InAugust
,HenryandHenr y'
sbi
gdogMudge
al
way swentcampi ng.Theywentwit
hHenry'
sparent
s.Henry
'smot herhadbeenaCampFir
e
Girl
,sosheknewal laboutcampi
ng.Sheknewhowt osetupatent.Sheknewhowt obui
l
da
campf i
re.Sheknewhowt ocookcampf ood.
-Inf
ormal Engl
ish
"
Inresent
ingprogr
essandchange,amanl
ayshi
msel
fopent
ocensur
e."(
E.B.Whi
te,
"
ProgressandChange"
)
-
cri
ti
cism,expr
essi
onofdisappr
oval
Theref
ore
-Resul
t
Thepur
poseoft
hepsy
chi
atr
isti
stomi
ti
gat
ethesuf
fer
ingoft
hepat
ient
.
-
makemi l
der
However
-
Contr
ast
Ori
ginsoftheEngl
ishLanguage
1)Instar
ti
ngourstudyoftheEngl
i
shl anguage,
wemustknowsomethi
ngaboutit
s
beginni
ngsorori
gins.TheEngl
i
shlanguagehasitsbegi
nni
ngsi
nmanyotherl
anguagest
hat
gofarback
i
nt oanci entt i
mes.
2)Wemustst artourst udyasf arbackast heinvasi onoft woGer mant ribes, theAngl esandt he
Saxons, intoGr eatBr i
tai n.Thi sinv asionoccur r
edaboutf ourhundr edy ear saf tert hebi rthof
Chr i
st .Thesebar bar ict ribesov er ranthei slandofGr eatBr itainandi ntroducedanewwayofl i
fe.
Theyal soi ntroducednewwor dsi ntot hel anguaget hatl at erbecamet heEngl ishwespeakand
wr i
tet oday .Fr om t heirGer mani cgods, f
orexampl e, comet heday soft heweek: Tui, t
hegodof
war( Tuesday );Woden, fatheroft hegods( Wednesday );Thor , godofThunder( Thur sday )
.
3)Thenwemustcompr ehendorunder standhowt hei nv asi onoft heNor mansi nt oGr eat
Britain-knownast hel andoft heAngl es, orEngland–al sochangedourmot hert ongue.The
Nor manswer ef rom Fr ance.I n1066t heyconquer edt heAngl esandt heSaxonsandmade
them sl av es.Theol dEngl i
shspokenbyt heAngl esandSaxonssur vi
v ed; howev er ,some
Frenchwor dswer eadded.Thesenewwor dshel pedt omakeourl anguager i
cher .Fr om these
ear l
yFr enchmen, forexampl e,thewor dpor cmeans“ pig”.Today ,weuset hewor dpor k,
howev er,onl ywhenwespeakoft hef leshofapi g.Thi sisbecauset heear lyFrenchNor mans,
ast hemast er sofEngl and, sawt heani mal onlywheni twascookedandser vedt ot hem ont he
dinnert abl e.TheAngl eandSaxonsl av es,howev er ,whot endedt heani mal whi lei twasal i
ve,
calledi tpi g.Soev ennowt hef l
eshoft hi
spar ti
cularani mal wheneat eni spor k, butt heani mal
i
tsel fisknownasapi g.
4)And, int urn, wemustunder standorcompr ehendhowt heFr enchl anguagebr oughtt o
Engl andbyt heNor manconquer orshadi tsrootsint heanci entl anguagesofGr eeceandRome.
Manyoft hewor dsbor rowedf rom t heNor mansatt hist ime, forexampl eshowedt he
relationshi pofar ulingcl asst oitssubj ects.Mostoft hesewor dscanbet racedal lthewayback
toLat i
n.Thewor dconquer oritselfcomesf rom theol dFr enchwor dconquer r ewhi ch, inturn,
comesf rom t heLat i
nwor dconquar er e,whi chsimpl ymeans“ towi n”.
5)Onl ybyabr iefst udyoft hesechr onol ogicalevent sandt heiri nfl
uencescanwecompr ehend
whyt heEngl ishl anguagewespeakt odayi ssor i
chi nmeani ng.
Quest i
on: Whatt r ansitionsi gnalsar eusedt oindicat echr onol ogi calev ent s?
-i
nst arting/ then
Thisisagr
oupofsent
encesdeal
i
ngwi
thonesi
ngl
eidea.
-paragr
aph

Aft
erspendi
ngt
hreeweeksi
nthehospi
tal
,Ihadasur
fei
tofday
timeTVpr
ogr
ammi
ng.
-
excessi
ve
I
ti sdif
fi
cultt
oimagi
neasurf
eitoftal
enti
noneindivi
dual
,yetLeonar
dBernst
einsi
mplydoes
nothav etheti
metomakecompleteuseofhi
stalentasconductor
,perf
ormer
,wri
ter
,and
l
ect ur
er.
-excess
I
f'gyne'i
saGreekwor
dforwoman,
thenawomanhat
eri
sa_
___
___
___
___
__
-
mi sogy
nist

(Writ
eInfor
mal Engl
ishorAcademi
cEngl
i
sh)
:Theyl
aidi
ntot
hegov
ernmentf
orf
ail
i
ngt
o
all
ocateenoughfunding.
-I
nformalEngl
ish

Theprisoner
sli
ber
atedf
rom t
heNazi
deat
hcampwer
esoemaci
atedt
hatt
heyl
ookedl
i
ke
skel
etons.
-v
erythin
AftertheRomansl ef
t,amil
lenni
um andahal
fpassedbefor
epeopl
eagai
nli
vedinsuch
comf ort.Chur
chi
l
lwr ot
e,“
From t
heyear400unt
ilt
heyear1900noonehadcent
ralheat
ingand
veryfewhadhotbat hs.
”
-1000y ears
TheGr eekword'gamos'
means'
mar
ri
age'
.Aper
sonwhohat
esmar
ri
agei
scal
l
eda
___
_ __
_____
____
__.
-
mi sogamist
Or i
ginsoft heEngl i
shLanguage
1)I nst arti
ngourst udyoft heEngl i
shl anguage, wemustknowsomet hi
ngabouti ts
begi nni ngsoror igins.TheEngl ishl anguagehasi t
sbegi nni ngsi nmanyot herl anguagest hat
gof arbacki ntoanci entt imes.
2)Wemustst artourst udyasf arbackast heinvasionoft woGer mant ri
bes, theAngl esandt he
Saxons, intoGr eatBr i
tai n.Thi sinv asionoccur r
edaboutf ourhundr edy earsaf tert hebi r
thof
Chr i
st .Thesebar bar ict ribesov er rant hei slandofGr eatBr itainandi ntroducedanewwayofl i
fe.
Theyal soi ntroducednewwor dsi ntot hel anguaget hatl at erbecamet heEngl ishwespeakand
wr i
tet oday .Fr om t hei rGer mani cgods, forexampl e,comet heday soft heweek: Tui, t
hegodof
war( Tuesday );Woden, fatheroft hegods( Wednesday );Thor , godofThunder( Thur sday )
.
3)Thenwemustcompr ehendorunder standhowt hei nv asi onoft heNor mansi nt oGr eat
Br i
tain-knownast hel andoft heAngl es, orEngland–al sochangedourmot hert ongue.The
Nor manswer ef rom Fr ance.I n1066t heyconquer edt heAngl esandt heSaxonsandmade
them sl av es.Theol dEngl i
shspokenbyt heAngl esandSaxonssur vi
v ed;howev er ,some
Frenchwor dswer eadded.Thesenewwor dshel pedt omakeourl anguager icher .Fr om these
ear l
yFr enchmen, forexampl e,thewor dpor cmeans“ pig”.Today ,weuset hewor dpor k,
howev er,onl ywhenwespeakoft hef leshofapi g.Thi sisbecauset heear l
yFr enchNor mans,
ast hemast er sofEngl and, sawt heani mal onlywheni twascookedandser v edt ot hem ont he
dinnert abl e.TheAngl eandSaxonsl av es, howev er,whot endedt heani mal whi lei twasal iv
e,
calledi tpig.Soev ennowt hef l
eshoft hispar ti
cularani mal wheneat enispor k, butt heani mal
i
tsel fisknownasapi g.
4)And, i
nt urn, wemustunder standorcompr ehendhowt heFr enchl anguagebr oughtt o
Engl andbyt heNor manconquer orshadi tsrootsint heanci entl anguagesofGr eeceandRome.
Manyoft hewor dsbor rowedf rom t heNor mansatt hist ime, forexampl eshowedt he
relationshi pofar ulingcl asst oitssubj ect s.Mostoft hesewor dscanbet racedal lthewayback
toLat in.Thewor dconquer oritselfcomesf rom theol dFr enchwor dconquer r ewhi ch, inturn,
comesf rom t heLat inwor dconquar ere, whi chsimplymeans“ towi n”.
5)Onl ybyabr iefst udyoft hesechr onol ogicaleventsandt heiri nfl
uencescanwecompr ehend
whyt heEngl ishl anguagewespeakt odayi ssor i
chi nmeani ng.
Inpar agr aph2, whatt ransi tionsignal isusedt oexplainhowt heGer mani clanguagei nfl
uenced
theEngl i
shl anguage?
-forexampl e
Thisiswherepri
maryar
gumenti
spr
esent
edf
ir
stf
oll
owedbyr
easonsandsuppor
ti
ngdet
ail
sto
provehisorherar
gument.
-t
hesisstr
uctur
e

Ori
ginsoft heEnglishLanguage
1)Instar
tingourst udyoft heEnglishlanguage,wemustknowsomet hingaboutits
beginni
ngsoror i
gins.TheEnglishlanguagehasi t
sbeginningsinmanyot herl
anguagesthat
gofarbacki ntoancientt i
mes.
2)Wemustst artourstudyasfarbackast heinvasi
onoftwoGer mantr
ibes,theAnglesandt
he
Saxons,i
ntoGr eatBrit
ain.Thi
sinvasionoccurr
edaboutfourhundredy
earsafterthebir
thof
Chr i
st .Thesebar bar i
ct ribesov er rant hei slandofGr eatBr i
tainandi ntroducedanewwayof
l
ife.Theyal soi nt roducednewwor dsi ntot hel anguaget hatl aterbecamet heEngl ishwespeak
andwr i
tet oday .Fr om t heirGer mani cgods, forexampl e, comet heday softheweek: Tui,t
he
godofwar( Tuesday );Woden, f
at heroft hegods( Wednesday );Thor,godofThunder
(Thur sday ).
3)Thenwemustcompr ehendorunder standhowt hei nv asionoft heNor mansi nt oGr eat
Britain-knownast helandoft heAngl es, orEngl and–al sochangedourmot hert ongue.The
Nor manswer ef rom Fr ance.I n1066t heyconquer edt heAngl esandt heSaxonsandmade
them sl av es.Theol dEngl i
shspokenbyt heAngl esandSaxonssur vi
v ed;howev er ,some
Frenchwor dswer eadded.Thesenewwor dshel pedt omakeourl anguager icher .Fr om these
ear l
yFr enchmen, forexampl e,thewor dpor cmeans“ pig”.Today ,weuset hewor dpor k,
howev er,onl ywhenwespeakoft hef leshofapi g.Thi sisbecauset heear l
yFr enchNor mans,
ast hemast er sofEngl and, sawt heani mal onl ywheni twascookedandser v edt ot hem ont he
dinnert abl e.TheAngl eandSaxonsl av es, howev er,whot endedt heani mal whi l
ei twasal i
ve,
calledi tpig.Soev ennowt hef l
eshoft hispar ticularani mal wheneat enispor k,butt heani mal
i
tsel fisknownasapi g.
4)And, int ur n,wemustunder standorcompr ehendhowt heFr enchl anguagebr oughtt o
Engl andbyt heNor manconquer orshadi tsr oot sintheanci entlanguagesofGr eeceandRome.
Manyoft hewor dsbor rowedf rom t heNor mansatt hist ime, forexampl eshowedt he
relationshi pofar uli
ngcl asst oitssubj ects.Mostoft hesewor dscanbet racedal lthewayback
toLat i
n.Thewor dconquer oritsel fcomesf rom t heol dFr enchwor dconquer r ewhi ch, inturn,
comesf rom t heLat inwor dconquar ere, whi chsi mplymeans“ t
owi n”.
5)Onl ybyabr i
efst udyoft hesechr onol ogi cal ev entsandt heirinfl
uencescanwecompr ehend
whyt heEngl ishl anguagewespeakt odayi ssor ichi nmeani ng.
Whati sthet opi csent encei npar agr aph3?
-Thenwemustcompr ehendorunder standhowt heinv asi onoft heNor mansi ntoGr eatBr i
tain-
knownast hel andoft heAngl es, orEngl and–al sochangedourmot hert ongue
Suchar et
hev i
cissi
tudesofhi
stor
y.Not
hingr
emai
nst
hesame.Thr
eehundr
edy
ear
sofpeace
endedindarknessandconfusi
on.
-changes
Thereisnodoubtthatt
heideaofl
ivi
nginsuchabeni
gncli
matewasappeal
i
ng.Thei
slander
s
seemedt okeept
heirvi
tal
i
tyandli
velongert
hanEur
opeans.
-f
avorabl
e
Thejobcandidat
e’sbackgr
oundwasimpeccabl
e–goodr
efer
encesandmanyy
ear
sof
experi
ence,
butthecompanydidnotgi
veherthejob.
-noerror
"
Rogerwasthankfulf
ortheclot
heshehadchosent oweart
oday,
becausei
fther
ewasev
era
t
imeheneededsar t
ori
alarmor,itwasr
ightnow.
"(Tom Wol
fe,
AMani nFul
l
)
-
rel
atedt
oclothi
ngorstyleofdress
Likewi
se
-Compari
son
Agasol
i
neis_
___
___
___
___
_,oreasi
l
ybur
ned.
-f
lammabl
e

Aplantt hatget
sfoodf
rom t
heai
rbutgr
owsuponanot
herpl
anti
scal
l
edan
____
_ __
__ _
_____
___
__
-epiphyte
Originsoft heEngl i
shLanguage
1)I nst ar tingourst udyoft heEngl i
shl anguage, wemustknowsomet hingabouti ts
begi nni ngsoror igins.TheEngl ishl anguagehasi t
sbegi nni ngsi nmanyot herl anguagest hat
gof arbacki ntoanci entt imes.
2)Wemustst artourst udyasf arbackast heinvasionoft woGer mant ri
bes, theAngl esandt he
Saxons, int oGr eatBr i
tai n.Thi si nv asionoccur r
edaboutf ourhundr edy ear saf tert hebi rthof
Chr i
st .Thesebar bar ict ribesov er rant hei slandofGr eatBr itainandi ntr oducedanewwayofl i
fe.
Theyal soi ntroducednewwor dsi ntot hel anguaget hatl at erbecamet heEngl ishwespeakand
wr i
tet oday .Fr om t hei rGer mani cgods, forexampl e,comet heday soft heweek: Tui, t
hegodof
war( Tuesday );Woden, fatheroft hegods( Wednesday );Thor , godofThunder( Thur sday )
.
3)Thenwemustcompr ehendorunder standhowt hei nv asi onoft heNor mansi nt oGr eat
Britain-knownast hel andoft heAngl es, orEngland–al sochangedourmot hert ongue.The
Nor manswer ef rom Fr ance.I n1066t heyconquer edt heAngl esandt heSaxonsandmade
them sl av es.Theol dEngl i
shspokenbyt heAngl esandSaxonssur vi
v ed; howev er ,some
Frenchwor dswer eadded.Thesenewwor dshel pedt omakeourl anguager icher .Fr om these
ear l
yFr enchmen, forexampl e, thewor dpor cmeans“ pig”.Today ,weuset hewor dpor k,
howev er, onl ywhenwespeakoft hef leshofapi g.Thi sisbecauset heear l
yFr enchNor mans,
ast hemast er sofEngl and, sawt heani mal onlywheni twascookedandser v edt ot hem ont he
dinnert abl e.TheAngl eandSaxonsl av es, howev er,whot endedt heani mal whi lei twasal iv
e,
calledi tpi g.Soev ennowt hef leshoft hispar ti
cularani mal wheneat eni spor k, butt heani mal
i
tsel fisknownasapi g.
4)And, int urn, wemustunder st andorcompr ehendhowt heFr enchl anguagebr oughtt o
Engl andbyt heNor manconquer orshadi tsrootsint heanci entl anguagesofGr eeceandRome.
Manyoft hewor dsbor rowedf rom t heNor mansatt hist ime, forexampl eshowedt he
relationshi pofar ulingcl asst oi tssubj ect s.Mostoft hesewor dscanbet racedal lthewayback
toLat i
n.Thewor dconquer ori tselfcomesf rom theol dFr enchwor dconquer r ewhi ch, inturn,
comesf rom t heLat inwor dconquar ere, whi chsimplymeans“ towi n”.
5)Onl ybyabr iefst udyoft hesechr onol ogicaleventsandt heiri nfl
uencescanwecompr ehend
whyt heEngl ishl anguagewespeakt odayi ssor i
chi nmeani ng.
Whati st hebestsequenceoft het wot ribal i
nvasionsofGr eatBr i
taint hatmadeani nfluence
onEngl ishl anguage?
-TheAngl esandt heSaxons- >TheNor mans
Second
-
Sequence

'
Anthr
op'i
saLat
inwor
dforahumanbei
ng.Onewhohat
espeopl
eisa_
___
___
___
__
-
misanthr
opy

Consequent
ly
-Resul
t

Therei
sal
argedemandal
lov
ert
heUni
tedSt
atesf
orpl
ant
sindi
genoust
othedeser
t.-
nati
ve
TheRussi
ansareski
ll
fulatsendi
ngcrypti
cmessages,
opentomanyint
erpr
etat
ions.OurSt
ate
Depar
tmentspendsdayspuzzli
ngoverthei
rmeani
ngs.-hi
ddenmeani
ng

Thetranqui
li
zedgri
zzl
ybearwasl
ethar
gicenoughf
ort
hesci
ent
ist
stosaf
elyexami
nehi
steet
h
andtattoohi
sears.
-sl
eepy
Bobdeci
dedtobepr
udentandcal
laheadf
orr
eser
vat
ions,
inst
eadofj
ustshowi
ngup.
-
caref
ulj
udgment
Theper
iodoft
imebet
weenhappeni
ngsorev
ent
siscal
l
edt
het
ime_
___
___
___
___
___
___

(Wri
teInf
ormalEngl
ishorAcademi
cEngl
i
sh)
:Mar
ciai
sunpr
edi
ctabl
e.
-AcademicEngl
ish

Grammati
cal
l
yindependenti
nuni
t.
-sent
ence

Mybrot
hersai
d,“
Ijustf
reedmy
sel
ffr
om av
eryl
oquaci
oushi
stor
ypr
ofessor
.Al
lheseemedt
o
wantwasanaudi
ence.”
-
tal
kat
ive
(Writ
eInf
ormal
Engli
shorAcademicEngli
sh)
:Hippopotamusesaret
hethir
dheavi
estki
nd
oflandmammal i
ntheworl
d.Theyweighinr
ightaft
erelephant
sandrhi
nos.-
Academic
Engli
sh

Accor
dingl
y
-
Sequence

Originsoft heEngl i
shLanguage
1)I nst artingourst udyoft heEngl i
shl anguage, wemustknowsomet hi
ngabouti ts
begi nni ngsoror igins.TheEngl ishl anguagehasi t
sbegi nni ngsi nmanyot herl anguagest hat
gof arbacki nt oanci entt imes.
2)Wemustst ar tourst udyasf arbackast heinvasionoft woGer mant ri
bes, theAngl esandt he
Saxons, i
nt oGr eatBr i
tai n.Thi sinv asionoccur r
edaboutf ourhundr edy earsaf tert hebi rthof
Chr i
st .Thesebar bar ict ribesov er rant hei slandofGr eatBr itainandi ntroducedanewwayofl i
fe.
Theyal soint roducednewwor dsi ntot hel anguaget hatl at erbecamet heEngl ishwespeakand
wr i
tet oday .Fr om t hei rGer mani cgods, forexampl e,comet heday soft heweek: Tui, t
hegodof
war( Tuesday );Woden, fatheroft hegods( Wednesday );Thor , godofThunder( Thur sday )
.
3)Thenwemustcompr ehendorunder standhowt hei nv asi onoft heNor mansi nt oGr eat
Britain-knownast hel andoft heAngl es, orEngland–al sochangedourmot hert ongue.The
Nor manswer ef rom Fr ance.I n1066t heyconquer edt heAngl esandt heSaxonsandmade
them sl aves.Theol dEngl i
shspokenbyt heAngl esandSaxonssur vi
v ed;howev er ,some
Frenchwor dswer eadded.Thesenewwor dshel pedt omakeourl anguager icher .Fr om these
ear l
yFr enchmen, forexampl e,thewor dpor cmeans“ pig”.Today ,weuset hewor dpor k,
howev er,onl ywhenwespeakoft hef leshofapi g.Thi sisbecauset heear l
yFr enchNor mans,
ast hemast ersofEngl and, sawt heani mal onlywheni twascookedandser v edt ot hem ont he
dinnert able.TheAngl eandSaxonsl av es, howev er,whot endedt heani mal whi lei twasal iv
e,
calledi tpi g.Soev ennowt hef l
eshoft hispar ti
cularani mal wheneat enispor k, butt heani mal
i
tsel fisknownasapi g.
4)And, intur n, wemustunder standorcompr ehendhowt heFr enchl anguagebr oughtt o
Engl andbyt heNor manconquer orshadi tsrootsint heanci entl anguagesofGr eeceandRome.
Manyoft hewor dsbor rowedf rom t heNor mansatt hist ime, forexampl eshowedt he
relationshi pofar ulingcl asst oitssubj ect s.Mostoft hesewor dscanbet racedal lthewayback
toLat i
n.Thewor dconquer oritselfcomesf rom theol dFr enchwor dconquer r ewhi ch, inturn,
comesf r
om t heLat inwor dconquar ere, whi chsimplymeans“ towi n”.
5)Onl ybyabr i
efst udyoft hesechr onol ogicaleventsandt heiri nfl
uencescanwecompr ehend
whyt heEngl i
shl anguagewespeakt odayi ssor i
chi nmeani ng.
Whatstr
uctureoft
exti
susedi
nthepassage?
-
thesi
sst
ructur
e
Iti
semphasi
zedi
nat
opi
csent
ence.
-maini
deas

Theout
erl
ayerofaski
niscal
l
ed_
___
___
___
___
___
___
_
-epi
der
mis

An_____
____
____
___
__agr
eementi
sonet
hati
smadebet
weenoramongnat
ionsoft
he
worl
d.
-i
nter
nati
onal

Weknewhecoul
dn’
tholdoutmuchlonger
,becausehehadbeendoomedf
rom t
hebegi
nni
ng.
Oneni
ghthemethi
sinel
uctabl
efat
e.
-i
nevi
tabl
e
Thestudentswhoar
ri
vedl
atet
oldt
het
eacherani
mpl
ausi
blest
oryaboutst
oppi
ngt
owat
cha
UFO.
-
non-bel
ievabl
e
ThisisPhili
ppi
neliter
atureatit
sf i
nest.Forami ll
enni
um,i
thasbeenv er
ymuchal i
ve,shapi
ng
curr
entev ent
s,inf
luencingpreval
entideologiesandsoci
etal
dict
ates,
fuel
ingourpatr
ioti
sm,
promot i
ngasenseofgr eat
ergoodandbest owinghopesandaspir
ati
onsthatt
hisnation
couldinscri
beinthechronicl
eofi t
ssoul .
Whati stheauthor’
sv i
ewaboutt hesubject?
-pr
oud

Anothert
ermformai
nideaoft
hepassage.
-
thesisst
atement

Originsoft heEngl ishLanguage

1)Inst artingourst udyoft heEngl ishl anguage, wemustknowsomet hi
ngabouti ts
beginni ngsoror igi
ns.TheEngl i
shl anguagehasi tsbegi nni ngsinmanyot herl anguagest hat
gof arbacki nt oanci entt imes.
2)Wemustst ar tourst udyasf arbackast heinvasionoft woGer mant ri
bes, theAngl esandt he
Saxons, i
nt oGr eatBr itain.Thi sinv asionoccur redaboutf ourhundr edy earsaf terthebi rt
hof
Christ.Thesebar barict ribesov errant hei slandofGr eatBr itai
nandi ntroducedanewwayofl i
fe.
Theyal soint roducednewwor dsi ntot hel anguaget hatl aterbecamet heEngl ishwespeakand
wr i
tetoday .Fr om t heirGer mani cgods, f
orexampl e,comet hedaysoft heweek: Tui, t
hegodof
war( Tuesday );Woden, fatheroft hegods( Wednesday );Thor ,godofThunder( Thur sday).
3)Thenwemustcompr ehendorunder standhowt hei nv asionoftheNor mansi ntoGr eat
Brit
ain-knownast hel andoft heAngl es, orEngland–al sochangedourmot hert ongue.The
Nor manswer ef rom Fr ance.I n1066t heyconquer edt heAngl esandt heSaxonsandmade
them sl aves.Theol dEngl i
shspokenbyt heAnglesandSaxonssur vi
v ed;howev er,some
Frenchwor dswer eadded.Thesenewwor dshelpedt omakeourl anguager icher .Fr om these
earlyFr enchmen, f
orexampl e,t
hewor dpor cmeans“ pig”.Today ,weuset hewor dpor k,
howev er,onl ywhenwespeakoft hef leshofapi g.Thi sisbecauset heear l
yFr enchNor mans,
ast hemast ersofEngl and, sawt heani mal onlywheni twascookedandser v edt ot hem ont he
dinnert able.TheAngl eandSaxonsl av es,howev er,whot endedt heani mal whi leitwasal i
ve,
call
edi tpi g.Soev ennowt hef l
eshoft hi
spar ti
cularani mal wheneat enispor k, butt heanimal
i
tselfisknownasapi g.
4)And, inturn,wemustunder standorcompr ehendhowt heFr enchlanguagebr oughtt
o
Englandbyt heNor manconquer orshadi t
sr ootsint
heanci entlanguagesofGr eeceandRome.
Manyoft hewor dsbor r
owedf rom t heNor mansatt histime, forexampleshowedt he
relat
ionshipofar ul
ingcl
asstoi tssubj ects.Mostoft hesewor dscanbet racedallthewayback
toLat i
n.Thewor dconqueroritselfcomesf rom theoldFrenchwor dconquer rewhich,i
ntur
n,
comesf r
om t heLat i
nwordconquar ere,whi chsimpl
ymeans“ towi n”
.
5)Onl ybyabr i
efstudyofthesechr onologicalevent
sandt heirinfl
uencescanwecompr ehend
whyt heEngl i
shl anguagewespeakt odayi ssorichinmeani ng.
Whatpar agr
aphwr apsuporrest atest hemai nideaoft heessay ?
-paragraph5
Ifsomeone'
swr
it
ingi
snotr
eadabl
e,wewoul
dcal
li
t__
___
___
___
-il
legi
ble

Forinst
ance
-Example/
Il
lust
rat
ion

Or iginsoft heEngl i
shLanguage
1)I nst ar ti
ngourst udyoft heEngl i
shl anguage, wemustknowsomet hi
ngabouti ts
begi nni ngsoror igins.TheEngl ishl anguagehasi tsbegi nni ngsi nmanyot herl anguagest hat
gof arbacki ntoanci entt imes.
2)Wemustst artourst udyasf arbackast heinvasi onoft woGer mant ri
bes, theAngl esandt he
Saxons, intoGr eatBr i
tai n.Thi sinv asionoccur r
edaboutf ourhundr edy earsaf tert hebi rthof
Chr ist .Thesebar bar ict ribesov er rant hei slandofGr eatBr itainandi ntroducedanewwayofl i
fe.
Theyal soi ntroducednewwor dsi ntot hel anguaget hatl at erbecamet heEngl ishwespeakand
wr itet oday .Fr om t hei rGer mani cgods, forexampl e,comet heday soft heweek: Tui, t
hegodof
war( Tuesday );Woden, fatheroft hegods( Wednesday );Thor , godofThunder( Thur sday )
.
3)Thenwemustcompr ehendorunder standhowt hei nv asi onoft heNor mansi nt oGr eat
Br it
ai n-knownast hel andoft heAngl es, orEngland–al sochangedourmot hert ongue.The
Nor manswer ef rom Fr ance.I n1066t heyconquer edt heAngl esandt heSaxonsandmade
them sl av es.Theol dEngl i
shspokenbyt heAngl esandSaxonssur vi
v ed;howev er ,some
Fr enchwor dswer eadded.Thesenewwor dshel pedt omakeourl anguager icher .Fr om these
ear lyFr enchmen, forexampl e,thewor dpor cmeans“ pig”.Today ,weuset hewor dpor k,
howev er,onl ywhenwespeakoft hef leshofapi g.Thi sisbecauset heear l
yFr enchNor mans,
ast hemast er sofEngl and, sawt heani mal onlywheni twascookedandser v edt ot hem ont he
dinnert abl e.TheAngl eandSaxonsl av es, howev er ,whot endedt heani mal whi lei twasal iv
e,
cal l
edi tpi g.Soev ennowt hef l
eshoft hispar ti
cul arani mal wheneat enispor k, butt heani mal
i
t selfi sknownasapi g.
4)And, int urn, wemustunder standorcompr ehendhowt heFr enchl anguagebr oughtt o
Engl andbyt heNor manconquer orshadi tsrootsi nt heanci entl anguagesofGr eeceandRome.
Manyoft hewor dsbor rowedf rom t heNor mansatt hist ime, forexampl eshowedt he
relat ionshi pofar ulingcl asst oitssubj ect s.Mostoft hesewor dscanbet racedal lthewayback
toLat i
n.Thewor dconquer oritselfcomesf rom theol dFr enchwor dconquer r ewhi ch, inturn,
comesf rom t heLat inwor dconquar ere, whi chsimpl ymeans“ towi n”.
5)Onl ybyabr iefst udyoft hesechr onol ogicalevent sandt heiri nfl
uencescanwecompr ehend
whyt heEngl ishl anguagewespeakt odayi ssor i
chi nmeani ng.
Whatwor dsuggest st het i
mesequenceusedi nt heessay ?
-chr onol ogi cal
Thi
sref
erst
othecor
rectpr
esent
ati
onoff
act
sandev
idencesi
nwr
it
ingapassage.
-
accur
acy
Moreover
-
Additi
on

Ahatr
edformeni
scal
l
ed_
___
___
___
___
___
___
__
-
misandr
y

Acombi
nat
ionoffogandi
ndust
ri
alsmoke,
cal
l
edsmog,
hasv
iti
atedt
heai
rinandar
ound
manybi
gci
ties.
-
spoi
l
I
f'miso'
meanst
ohat
e,t
henmi
sonei
sm mean_
___
___
___
___ofnewt
hings.
-
hat
red
I
fapersonbr
eaksbet
weenusi
naconv
ersat
ion,
wesayt
hathe/she_
___
___
___
___
___
__
-
int
err
upts

Or iginsoft heEngl i
shLanguage
1)I nst artingourst udyoft heEngl i
shl anguage, wemustknowsomet hi
ngabouti ts
begi nni ngsoror igins.TheEngl ishl anguagehasi t
sbegi nni ngsi nmanyot herl anguagest hat
gof arbacki nt oanci entt imes.
2)Wemustst ar tourst udyasf arbackast hei nvasionoft woGer mant ri
bes, theAngl esandt he
Saxons, i
nt oGr eatBr i
tai n.Thi sinv asionoccur r
edaboutf ourhundr edy earsaf tert hebi rthof
Chr ist .Thesebar bar ict ribesov er rant hei slandofGr eatBr itainandi ntroducedanewwayofl i
fe.
Theyal soint roducednewwor dsi ntot hel anguaget hatl at erbecamet heEngl ishwespeakand
wr itet oday .Fr om t hei rGer mani cgods, forexampl e,comet heday soft heweek: Tui, t
hegodof
war( Tuesday );Woden, fatheroft hegods( Wednesday );Thor , godofThunder( Thur sday )
.
3)Thenwemustcompr ehendorunder standhowt hei nv asi onoft heNor mansi nt oGr eat
Br it
ai n-knownast hel andoft heAngl es, orEngl and–al sochangedourmot hert ongue.The
Nor manswer ef rom Fr ance.I n1066t heyconquer edt heAngl esandt heSaxonsandmade
them sl aves.Theol dEngl i
shspokenbyt heAngl esandSaxonssur vi
v ed;howev er ,some
Fr enchwor dswer eadded.Thesenewwor dshel pedt omakeourl anguager icher .Fr om these
ear lyFr enchmen, forexampl e,thewor dpor cmeans“ pig”.Today ,weuset hewor dpor k,
howev er,onl ywhenwespeakoft hef leshofapi g.Thi sisbecauset heear l
yFr enchNor mans,
ast hemast ersofEngl and, sawt heani mal onl ywheni twascookedandser v edt ot hem ont he
dinnert able.TheAngl eandSaxonsl av es, howev er,whot endedt heani mal whi lei twasal iv
e,
cal l
edi tpi g.Soev ennowt hef l
eshoft hispar ti
cularani mal wheneat enispor k, butt heani mal
i
t sel fisknownasapi g.
4)And, intur n, wemustunder standorcompr ehendhowt heFr enchl anguagebr oughtt o
Engl andbyt heNor manconquer orshadi tsroot sint heanci entl anguagesofGr eeceandRome.
Manyoft hewor dsbor rowedf rom t heNor mansatt hist ime, forexampl eshowedt he
relat ionshi pofar ulingcl asst oitssubj ect s.Mostoft hesewor dscanbet racedal lthewayback
toLat i
n.Thewor dconquer oritselfcomesf rom t heol dFr enchwor dconquer r ewhi ch, inturn,
comesf r
om t heLat inwor dconquar ere, whi chsi mplymeans“ towi n”.
5)Onl ybyabr i
efst udyoft hesechr onol ogical eventsandt heiri nfl
uencescanwecompr ehend
whyt heEngl i
shl anguagewespeakt odayi ssor i
chi nmeani ng.
Inv ocabul aryl ear ning, ‘
Conquar rer’and‘ por c’areexampl esof ?
-struct ur al anal ysis
Thei
rvoci
fer
ouschat
termademewi
shIhadear
plugs.
-l
oud
TheGreatFl
oodofNoah’
sdaywascausedbyi
ncessantr
aint
hatf
ell
for40day
sandni
ght
s.-
non-
stop
Inancientt
imes,
itwasv
eryi
mpor
tantt
obui
l
dcast
leswi
th_
___
___
___
___
_for
ts.
-impregnabl
e

Itr
estatesthemai
nar
gumenti
nthei
ntr
oduct
orypar
tbutusi
ngot
herwor
ds.
-conclusi
on

(Writ
eInformalEngli
shorAcademi cEngli
sh):
ReportshowsOr egondoingwel lon"
highl
yquali
fi
ed"t
eacherrequi
rements
EUGENE, Ore.(
AP)--Mor ethan80percentofOregonstudent
slastspri
ngwerebeingtaughtby
teacherswhomeett hefederalgover
nment'snewdefi
niti
onof"hi
ghlyqual
i
fied,
"accor
dingtoa
newr eportbyt
heOr egonDepar t
mentofEducati
on.

(Writ
eInfor
mal Engl
i
shorAcademi
cEngl
i
sh)
:NowDr
agoncoul
dnotf
iti
ntohi
scar
,"Oh!What
am Igoingtodo?"cri
edDr
agon.
-I
nformalEngl
ish

Or iginsoft heEngl ishLanguage

1)I nst artingourst udyoft heEngl i
shl anguage, wemustknowsomet hi
ngabouti ts
begi nni ngsoror igins.TheEngl ishl anguagehasi tsbegi nni ngsi nmanyot herl anguagest hat
gof arbacki nt oanci entt imes.
2)Wemustst ar tourst udyasf arbackast heinv asionoft woGer mant ri
bes, theAngl esandt he
Saxons, i
nt oGr eatBr itain.Thi sinv asionoccur redaboutf ourhundr edy earsaf tert hebi rthof
Chr ist .Thesebar bar ict ribesov er rant hei slandofGr eatBr itainandi ntroducedanewwayofl i
fe.
Theyal soint roducednewwor dsi ntot hel anguaget hatl at erbecamet heEngl ishwespeakand
wr itet oday .Fr om t heirGer mani cgods, forexampl e,comet heday soft heweek: Tui, t
hegodof
war( Tuesday );Woden, fatheroft hegods( Wednesday );Thor , godofThunder( Thur sday )
.
3)Thenwemustcompr ehendorunder standhowt hei nv asi onoft heNor mansi nt oGr eat
Br it
ai n-knownast hel andoft heAngl es, orEngl and–al sochangedourmot hert ongue.The
Nor manswer ef rom Fr ance.I n1066t heyconquer edt heAngl esandt heSaxonsandmade
them sl aves.Theol dEngl i
shspokenbyt heAngl esandSaxonssur vi
v ed;howev er ,some
Fr enchwor dswer eadded.Thesenewwor dshel pedt omakeourl anguager icher .Fr om these
ear lyFr enchmen, forexampl e,thewor dpor cmeans“ pig”.Today ,weuset hewor dpor k,
howev er,onl ywhenwespeakoft hef leshofapi g.Thi sisbecauset heear l
yFr enchNor mans,
ast hemast ersofEngl and, sawt heani mal onlywheni twascookedandser v edt ot hem ont he
dinnert able.TheAngl eandSaxonsl av es, howev er,whot endedt heani mal whi lei twasal iv
e,
cal l
edi tpi g.Soev ennowt hef l
eshoft hispar ti
cul arani mal wheneat enispor k, butt heani mal
i
t selfi sknownasapi g.
4)And, intur n, wemustunder standorcompr ehendhowt heFr enchl anguagebr oughtt o
Engl andbyt heNor manconquer orshadi tsroot sint heanci entl anguagesofGr eeceandRome.
Manyoft hewor dsbor rowedf rom t heNor mansatt hist ime, forexampl eshowedt he
relat ionshi pofar ulingcl asst oitssubj ect s.Mostoft hesewor dscanbet racedal lthewayback
toLat i
n.Thewor dconquer oritselfcomesf rom t heol dFr enchwor dconquer r ewhi ch, inturn,
comesf r
om t heLat i
nwor dconquar ere, whi chsi mplymeans“ towi n”.
5)Onl ybyabr i
efst udyoft hesechr onol ogicalev entsandt heiri nfl
uencescanwecompr ehend
whyt heEngl i
shl anguagewespeakt odayi ssor ichi nmeani ng.
Whatki ndofr eadi ngst rategyusedi nf indingt heanswerf ornumber7?
-scanni ng
Awitt
ystat
ementuponsomemat
teri
san_
___
___
___
___
___
-epi
gram

Or iginsoft heEngl i
shLanguage
1)I nst artingourst udyoft heEngl i
shl anguage, wemustknowsomet hi
ngabouti ts
begi nni ngsoror igins.TheEngl ishl anguagehasi t
sbegi nni ngsi nmanyot herl anguagest hat
gof arbacki nt oanci entt imes.
2)Wemustst ar tourst udyasf arbackast hei nvasionoft woGer mant ri
bes, theAngl esandt he
Saxons, i
nt oGr eatBr i
tai n.Thi sinv asi onoccur r
edaboutf ourhundr edy earsaf tert hebi rthof
Chr ist .Thesebar bar ict ribesov er rant hei sl andofGr eatBr itainandi ntroducedanewwayofl i
fe.
Theyal soint roducednewwor dsi ntot hel anguaget hatl at erbecamet heEngl ishwespeakand
wr itet oday .Fr om t hei rGer mani cgods, f
orexampl e,comet heday soft heweek: Tui, t
hegodof
war( Tuesday );Woden, fatheroft hegods( Wednesday );Thor , godofThunder( Thur sday )
.
3)Thenwemustcompr ehendorunder standhowt hei nv asi onoft heNor mansi nt oGr eat
Br it
ai n-knownast hel andoft heAngl es, orEngl and–al sochangedourmot hert ongue.The
Nor manswer ef rom Fr ance.I n1066t heyconquer edt heAngl esandt heSaxonsandmade
them sl aves.Theol dEngl i
shspokenbyt heAngl esandSaxonssur vi
v ed;howev er ,some
Fr enchwor dswer eadded.Thesenewwor dshel pedt omakeourl anguager icher .Fr om these
ear lyFr enchmen, forexampl e,thewor dpor cmeans“ pig”.Today ,weuset hewor dpor k,
howev er,onl ywhenwespeakoft hef leshofapi g.Thi sisbecauset heear l
yFr enchNor mans,
ast hemast ersofEngl and, sawt heani mal onlywheni twascookedandser v edt ot hem ont he
dinnert able.TheAngl eandSaxonsl av es,howev er,whot endedt heani mal whi lei twasal iv
e,
cal l
edi tpi g.Soev ennowt hef l
eshoft hi
spar ti
cularani mal wheneat enispor k, butt heani mal
i
t sel fisknownasapi g.
4)And, intur n, wemustunder standorcompr ehendhowt heFr enchl anguagebr oughtt o
Engl andbyt heNor manconquer orshadi tsr ootsint heanci entl anguagesofGr eeceandRome.
Manyoft hewor dsbor rowedf rom t heNor mansatt hist ime, forexampl eshowedt he
relat ionshi pofar ulingcl asst oitssubj ects.Mostoft hesewor dscanbet racedal lthewayback
toLat i
n.Thewor dconquer oritselfcomesf rom theol dFr enchwor dconquer r ewhi ch, inturn,
comesf r
om t heLat inwor dconquar er e,whi chsi mplymeans“ towi n”.
5)Onl ybyabr i
efst udyoft hesechr onol ogical eventsandt heiri nfl
uencescanwecompr ehend
whyt heEngl i
shl anguagewespeakt odayi ssor i
chi nmeani ng.
Whi chst atementi st ruebasedont hedef initi
onf rom thepassage?
-all oft hechoi ces
Hi
slucidl
ect
ures,
alongwi
thhi
scl
ear
lypr
esent
edexpl
anat
ions,
madehi
m apopul
ar
pr
ofessor
.
Ahatr
edf
orar
gumenti
s__
___
___
___
___
_
-
misol
ogy
e

Manyy earsbefor
e,Caesar’
smenhadtri
edandfail
edt
oinv
adeBrit
ain.Nodoubtt
his
contr
ibutedtothexenophobiaoft
heRomans.Theywer
ecaut
iousaboutstr
anger
swho
enter
edt hei
rcountr
y.
-f
earofforei
gners
Ori
ginsoftheEngli
shLanguage
1)Instar
ti
ngourstudyoft heEngli
shl anguage,wemustknowsomet hi
ngaboutit
s
beginni
ngsororigi
ns.TheEngl ishlanguagehasi t
sbeginni
ngsinmanyotherl
anguagesthat
gofarbackint
oanci entt i
mes.
2)Wemustst artourst udyasfarbackast heinv
asionoftwoGermantri
bes,t
heAnglesandthe
Saxons,i
ntoGreatBritain.Thi
sinvasionoccurredaboutfourhundr
edyear
saftert
hebirt
hof
Chr i
st .Thesebar bar i
ct ri
besov er ranthei slandofGr eatBr i
tainandi ntroducedanewwayof
l
ife.Theyal soi nt roducednewwor dsint othel anguaget hatl aterbecamet heEngl ishwespeak
andwr i
tet oday .Fr om theirGer mani cgods, forexampl e, comet heday softheweek: Tui,t
he
godofwar( Tuesday );Woden, f
at heroft hegods( Wednesday );Thor,godofThunder
(Thur sday ).
3)Thenwemustcompr ehendorunder standhowt hei nv asionoft heNor mansi nt oGr eat
Britain-knownast helandoft heAngl es, orEngl and–al sochangedourmot hert ongue.The
Nor manswer ef rom Fr ance.I n1066t heyconquer edt heAngl esandt heSaxonsandmade
them sl av es.Theol dEngl i
shspokenbyt heAngl esandSaxonssur vived;howev er ,some
Frenchwor dswer eadded.Thesenewwor dshel pedt omakeourl anguager icher .Fr om these
ear l
yFr enchmen, forexampl e,thewor dpor cmeans“ pig”.Today ,weuset hewor dpor k,
howev er,onl ywhenwespeakoft hef leshofapi g.Thi sisbecauset heear l
yFr enchNor mans,
ast hemast er sofEngl and, sawt heani mal onl ywheni twascookedandser v edt ot hem ont he
dinnert abl e.TheAngl eandSaxonsl av es,howev er,whot endedt heani mal whi l
ei twasal i
ve,
calledi tpig.Soev ennowt hef l
eshoft hi
spar ticularani mal wheneat enispor k,butt heani mal
i
tsel fisknownasapi g.
4)And, int ur n,wemustunder standorcompr ehendhowt heFr enchl anguagebr oughtt o
Engl andbyt heNor manconquer orshadi tsroot sintheanci entlanguagesofGr eeceandRome.
Manyoft hewor dsbor rowedf rom t heNor mansatt hist ime, forexampl eshowedt he
relationshi pofar uli
ngcl asst oitssubj ects.Mostoft hesewor dscanbet racedal lthewayback
toLat i
n.Thewor dconquer oritselfcomesf rom t heol dFr enchwor dconquer r ewhi ch, inturn,
comesf rom t heLat inwor dconquar er e,whi chsi mplymeans“ t
owi n”.
5)Onl ybyabr i
efst udyoft hesechr onol ogical ev entsandt heirinfl
uencescanwecompr ehend
whyt heEngl ishl anguagewespeakt odayi ssor ichi nmeani ng.
Whati sthemai ni deaoft heessay ?
-TheEngl ishl anguagehasi tsbegi nningsi nmanyot herl anguagest hatgof arbacki nt oancient
ti
mes.
Hewassoi
mpudentt
ohi
smot
hert
hatIwoul
dhav
epuni
shedhi
mifhet
alkedt
omet
hat
way.
-
rude
Animportantparti
napassaget
hatpr
ovi
desev
idencest
othet
hesi
sst
atementor
mainargument.
-support
ingdetai
ls
Originsoft heEngl i
shLanguage
1)Inst ar ti
ngourst udyoft heEngl i
shl anguage, wemustknowsomet hingabouti ts
beginni ngsoror igi
ns.TheEngl i
shl anguagehasi tsbeginni ngsinmanyot herlanguagest hat
gof arbacki ntoanci entt imes.
2)Wemustst artourst udyasf arbackast heinvasionoft woGer mant ri
bes,t
heAngl esandt he
Saxons, intoGr eatBr i
tain.Thisi nvasionoccur redaboutf ourhundr edy ear
safterthebi rt
hof
Christ.Thesebar barictribesov errant heisl
andofGr eatBr itai
nandi ntroducedanewwayofl i
fe.
Theyal soi ntroducednewwor dsintot helanguaget hatl aterbecamet heEngli
shwespeakand
writetoday .From thei rGer mani cgods, forexampl e,comet heday softheweek: Tui,thegodof
war( Tuesday );Woden, fatheroft hegods( Wednesday );Thor ,godofThunder( Thursday).
3)Thenwemustcompr ehendorunder standhowt hei nvasionoft heNormansi ntoGr eatBri
tain-
knownast helandoft heAngl es,orEngl and–al sochangedourmot hert
ongue.TheNor mans
weref rom Fr ance.In1066t heyconquer edtheAngl esandt heSaxonsandmadet hem slaves.The
oldEngl ishspokenbyt heAngl esandSaxonssur vi
ved; howev er,someFr enchwor dswereadded.
Thesenewwor dshel pedt omakeourl anguagericher.From t hese
ear l
yFr enchmen, forexampl e,thewor dpor cmeans“ pig”.Today ,weuset hewor dpork,
howev er,onlywhenwespeakoft hef l
eshofapi g.Thi sisbecauset heearlyFr enchNor mans,
ast hemast er sofEngl and, sawt heani mal onlywheni twascookedandser vedt othem ont he
dinnert able.TheAngl eandSaxonsl aves,howev er,whot endedt heani mal whileitwasal i
ve,
calledi tpig.Soev ennowt hefleshoft hi
spar ti
cularani mal wheneat enispor k,butt heanimal
i
tsel fisknownasapi g.
4)And, inturn, wemustunder standorcompr ehendhowt heFr enchl anguagebr oughtto
Engl andbyt heNor manconquer orshadi t
sr ootsintheanci entlanguagesofGr eeceandRome.
Manyoft hewor dsbor rowedf rom t heNor mansatt hist i
me, forexampl eshowedt he
relationshipofar uli
ngcl asst oitssubj ects.Mostoft hesewor dscanbet racedal lthewayback
toLat i
n.Thewor dconquer oritselfcomesf rom theol dFr enchwor dconquer rewhi ch,inturn,
comesf r
om t heLat inwor dconquar ere,whi chsimplymeans“ towi n”.
5)Onl ybyabr iefstudyoft hesechr onologicaleventsandt heirinfl
uencescanwecompr ehend
whyt heEngl ishlanguagewespeakt odayi ssorichi nmeani ng.
Whatt ransiti
onsi gnal i
susedi npar agraph3?
-then
(
WriteI
nfor
malEngl
i
shorAcademi
cEngl
i
sh)
:She'
sabi
tofal
oosecannon
-
Inf
ormalEngl
i
sh

Visi
ti
ngmystudents’
placesisl
ikewalki
ngalongalaby
rint
hofhouseswi
thv
erynar
row
andwindi
ngstr
eets.
-amaze,apl
acewher eit
'shar
dt of
indyourwayaround
Thi
siswherethemai
npoi
ntt
heaut
horwant
stoemphasi
zei
napar
agr
aphi
sfound.
-t
opicsent
ence

(Writ
eInfor
malEnglishorAcademi
cEngl
i
sh)
:Theycr
it
ici
zedt
hegov
ernmentf
orf
ail
i
ngt
o
all
ocateenoughfunding.
-AcademicEngl
ish

Fir
st
-Sequence

Thi
siswheretheaut
hordi
scussest
hecent
ral
ideaandhowt
hedi
scussi
onwi
l
lbeor
gani
zed.
-
int
roduct
ion

(
WriteI
nfor
malEngl
i
shorAcademi
cEngl
i
sh)
:Of
ftoZamboangat
oday
.Lot
stov
isi
tther
e.
-
Inf
ormalEngl
i
sh
Fur
ther
more
-Addi
ti
on

Theambigui
tyofJoe’
sdi
rect
ionsmadei
tal
mosti
mpossi
blet
ofi
ndhi
shouse.
-
noclearmeani
ng
(Wr
it
eI nf
ormalEngl
ishorAcademi
cEngl
i
sh)
:Wewentt
oSubi
cfort
heweekend.Wehav
eal
ot
oft
hingstotel
lyou.
-
AcademicEngli
sh

Thespeakerorwri
terst
art
sbypr
esent
inganar
gumentei
therexpl
i
citori
mpl
i
citbef
orear
ri
vi
ng
ataconclusi
on.
-subj
ect
ive
Awordi
sfor
medf
rom t
hei
nit
ial
let
ter
sorsy
ll
abl
es.
-
Acr
onymy

Uni
tyofal
lsent
encesi
napar
agr
aph.
-
cohesi
on

Supportsmainargumentswit
hcont
ri
but
ionsf
rom l
i
ter
aryaut
hor
it
iesand
ref
erences.-Pr
oofs/evi
dences

Thepr
ocessoffor
mingawor
dfr
om t
wowor
dsorpar
tsoft
wowor
dsbei
ng
combi
ned.-Bl
endi
ng

Caesar
eani
sanexampl
eof-
-Fol
kOrPopul
arEt
ymol
ogy

t
wirl
comesf
rom t
hewor
d--
-
tur
nandswi
rl

Ashor
tenedf
orm ofawor
d.
-cl
i
ppi
ng

l
abcomesfrom t
hewor
d-
-
Labor
ator
y

Thewordunder
goeschangesi
nmeani
ngt
omakei
tmor
eli
keaf
ami
l
iarwor
d.
-
Blendi
ng

Iti
spresenti
ngt
hei
deasandsent
encesi
nal
ogi
cal
way
.
-coherence

Awor dcombinati
onoftwoort
hreewor
dsputt
oget
hert
ofor
m anewwor
dwi
thameani
ng
di
ff
erentfrom i
tspar
ts.
-Cl
ipping

Ascienti
fi
ct y
peofar
gument
ati
vet
extbasedonagi
vendat
afr
om bi
bli
ogr
aphi
cref
erencesof
r
elevantauthors.
-
objecti
ve

I
sdefi
nedasj ust
if
yinganopi
nionort
hesi
sthr
oughr
easoni
ngwi
tht
heai
m ofchangi
ngt
he
v
iewsofotherperson.
-
Argument
ation

Tigonisanexampl
eof-
-
-Blendi
ng

Ispresent
edint
het
hesi
sst
atement
.
-Proposit
ion

LASERst
andsfor--
-Li
ghtAmpl
if
icat
ionbySt
imul
atedEmi
ssi
onofRadi
ati
on

Atypeofdiscour
seconcer
nedwi
thpr
esent
ati
onandev
aluat
ionofar
gument
stoper
suadeand
convi
ncetheaudience.
-Ar
gumentati
veText
Aimedtoref
utet
heargument
sori
deasagai
nstt
hemai
nthesi
stobedev
eloped.
-negat
ivear
gument

Awordiscutei
theratt
hebegi
nni
ngoratt
heend.
-Cl
i
pping

I
tinvol
vesexposi
ti
on,
expl
anat
ion,
def
ini
ti
onori
nter
pret
ati
onofagi
veni
ssue.
-
object
ive

Thespeakerorwr
it
erdesi
ret
ocommuni
cat
ecer
tai
nideast
opr
ovoket
heaudi
ence.
-subj
ect
ive

Aimedtorei
nfor
cethet
rut
hoft
het
hesi
sbasedonr
elev
antaut
hor
s,per
sonal
exper
ience
oranal
ogy.
-posi
ti
veargument

Opposit
ethought
sot
hersi
deoft
hei
ssueoft
hear
gumentar
epr
esent
ed.
-
Refutat
ion

Aty
peofargumentat
ivet
extf
oundi
nresear
chdocument
sexper
iment
sandf
iel
d
r
eport
s-obj
ecti
ve

(
hel
p)y
ouwi
tht
hehousewor
kinal
i
ttl
ewhi
l
e.

Iwi
l
lhel
p

Wheny
oumakeani
n-t
extci
tat
ioni
nMLAf
ormat
,besur
etogi
ve:

Al
loft
hechoi
ces

Hur
ryup!Thet
rai
n depar
ts 
i
n10mi
nut
es.

Pr
edi
cti
ons/
stat
ement
soff
act

Al
phabet
ical
li
sti
ngofal
lwor
ksci
tedbyt
hel
astnamesoft
heaut
hor
s.

Li
ter
atur
eCi
ted

Av
oidkeepi
ngt
he_
___
___
___
__sent
encest
ruct
ure.

Same

Hi
sanal
ysi
soft
hepr
obl
em i
s__
___
___
___
___
__wr
ong.

Al
toget
her

Howdoest
heconceptpaperusei
nthef
iel
dofr
esear
ch?

agui
def
ort
hei
mpl
ement
ati
onoft
hepr
ogr
am orf
ull
proposal

Taki
ngdi
recti
nfor
mat
ionf
rom at
extandci
ti
ngwher
eyougott
he
mat
eri
al.Summar
izi
ng
I
nwr i
ti
ngaconceptpaper
,whyi
sther
eaneedt
ost
atet
hepr
obl
em andt
hegoal
oft
he
pr
oject
?

noneoft
hechoi
ces

I
tpr
esent
st hesummar
yoft
hedat
afr
om t
heexper
iment
sanddi
scussi
onsof
t
hei
rimpl
icati
ons.

Resul
ts/
Discussi
on

I
dent
if
ythepr
operAPAFor
mati
n-t
extci
tat
ion.

Gibson,1987,
confi
rmedthedi
scov
eryofColemant
hatel
ephant
sfearcheese,
andt
hati
t
occursamongbothAfr
icanandAsi
anelephant
s.

Asummar yoft
hepur
poseoft
her
epor
t,t
hedat
apr
esent
ed,
andt
heaut
hor
'smaj
or
concl
usi
ons.

.Abst
ract

Caesar
eani
sanexampl
eof

Fol
kOrPopul
arEt
ymol
ogy

Aposi
ti
onpaperi
sal
socal
l
ed,

poi
ntofv
iewpaper

Usequot
ati
onmar
ksi
nquot
ingf
ivesent
ences.

Fal
se

Deduct
ivemeans,
from gener
alt
ospeci
fi
c

At
ypeofquest
ionnai
ret
hatr
equi
reschoosi
ngar
esponsef
rom di
ff
erentchoi
ces.
Mul
ti
pleChoi
ceQuest
ionnai
res

Whati
sthecor
rectAPAf
ormati
nmot
ionpi
ctur
es?

Par
amountPi
ctur
es.Smi
th,J.D.(
Producer
),&Smi
thee,
A.F.(
Dir
ect
or)
.(2001)
.Real
l
ybi
g
di
sast
ermovi
e[Moti
onpi
cture]
.Unit
edStates
Pr
esentst
hepr
ocessesi
nget
ti
ngt
her
esul
ts.
Method

Cl
air
e'scaris__
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
herbr
other
's.
di
ff
erentthan
1.)Chooset hel et teroft hesent encet hatshowst hecor r
ectsent enceconst r
uction.
=Usi ngdr onescanr epor tstor ieswi thoutget ti
ngr isksofper sonal injur
yt oreport
ers.
=Isi tpossi blet ot rav el thr oughspacei nashor tper i
odoft i
me?
=HughesEl ect r oni cswi thitsdi r ectTVcanbeam cabl edirectl
yt oy ourhome.
=Af tersur fi
ngt hei nt ernetf oranhour ,Erwi nleftthecomput er.
2.)Chooset heconci sesent encebel ow.
=Thi si st hemostat tract iveof ferI '
ver eceived.
=Wecanachi ev eourgoal st hroughcooper ati
on.
=Fol lowt her oadwestunt ily ouseeourf aci l
i
tyont her i
ght .
=Wehav eel imi nat edt hebugsf rom t hisprogr am.
3.)Wr i
t et hecor r ectv er bf orm( i
npr esentandpr esentcont i
nuoust ense)oft he
verbsi nsi det hepar ent heses.( REDPOYUNGSAGOT)
=Notl ike: Don' tl ike
=Do: Isdoi ng
=Notmi nd: Don' tmi nd
=Recogni ze: Recogni ze
=NotBel i
ev e: Don' tBel iev e
=Pr efer : Pref er
4.)Compl etet hef ol l
owi ngwi t
hsi mpl epresent ,pr esentcont inuous, presentperfect
orpr esentper f ectcont inuousf ormsoft hev erbsi npar entheses.( REDPOYUNG
SAGOT)( BLUE
POYUNGSAGOTNAHI NDINAI TAMANGOED.IMEANTAMAPOSI YAPEROHI NDI
TINAMANGOED)
=Begi n: Hadbegi n
=Make: Make
=Incr ease: HadI ncr eased
=At tract : Attract s
=Pay :Pay s
=Recei v e: Recei v es
=Be: Ar e
=St udy / Usual ly: Usual ly
5.)Thei temsbel owr equi rest woanswer s.First,identifythecor rectmeani ngof
theunder l
inedwor di nt hesent ence.Fort hesecondone, givewhi cht ypeof
cont extcl uet hewor di s.Dr aganddr opthecor rectanswert othebl anks.
=Oy st er :AShel l ; Def inition
=Spor adi c: Appear ingi nScat teredI nstance; Restat ement
=Tawdr y :CheaporUgl yi nAppear ance; Cont rast/Ant onym
=Seet hing: Intensel yHot; Mood
=Gr uel ing: Ver yDi fficul t; Rest at ement
=Eccent ric: Bizar re; Sy nony m
6.
)Dr aganddr opthecorr
ectanswertotheblanks.(
Transi
ti
on)[
Sunod-
sunodpo'
to]
=Asar esult
=ForExampl e
=Mor eov er
=Futher more
=Ther efore
7.
)Looki ngf oradefi
nit
ioninadict
ionar
y
=Scanni ng
8.
)Itisanact i
vereadi
ngordetail
edreading.
=Crit
ical Reading

9.)Errorinpr inti
ngi scall
ed_ ___
_ ___
_ _
______
___
=Mi spr i
nt
10.)Ifsomeone' swr it
ingisnotr eadable,wewoul dcalli
t__
________
______
__
=Ill
egi ble
11.)Inanci enttimes,itwasv eryi
mpor tanttobui
ldcastl
eswith____
______
____fort
s.
=Impr egnabl e
12.)Get ti
ngt hegi stofat ext
=Skimmi ng
13.)Recor di
ngquest i
onsf orf ol
low- up
=Cr i
ticalReadi ng
14.)Thel anguageusedi nt heclassroom andi nprofessi
onalsett
ing.
=Academi cEngl i
sh
15.)Thewr i
tercommuni catescer tainideastoprovoketheaudience._
______
_ _
=Subj ective
16.)Whopr ovidethisdefinitiononr eading?
=Hudel son
Quest
ion1
Quest
iont
ext

Hav
inganact
ivel
i
fest
ylecanhel
pmanageone'
sst
ress.

Sel
ectone:
Tr
ue
Fal
se

Quest
ion2
Quest
iont
ext

Ahugepar
tofMil
a'
sexerci
set
rai
ningi
ncludesj
oggi
ngandcardioexer
cises.Whi
chof
t
hefol
lowi
ngcomponent
sofphysi
calf
it
nessshewil
lmostl
ikelydevel
op?

Sel
ectone:
a.Fl
exi
bil
i
ty
b.Muscul
arst
rengt
h
c.Muscul
arendur
ance
d.Aer
obi
ccapaci
ty

Quest
ion3
Quest
iont
ext

Aer
obi
cwor
kouti
scapabl
eofr
eli
evi
ngone'
sst
ress.

Sel
ectone:
Tr
ue
Fal
se

Quest
ion4
Quest
iont
ext

Whi
choft
hef
oll
owi
ngFI
TTpr
inci
plesr
efer
stot
hedur
ati
onofanexer
cisesessi
on?

Sel
ectone:
a.Fr
equency
b.I
ntensi
ty
c.Ti
me
d.Ty
pe

Queston5
i
Notyetanswer
ed
Markedoutof1.
00
Thef
oodst
hatemot
ional
eat
erscr
avear
eof
tenr
efer
redt
oas:

Sel
ectone:
a.Fuel
food
b.Soci
alf
ood
c.Sweet
s
d.Comf
ortf
ood

Queston6
i
Notyetanswer
ed
Markedoutof1.
00
Quest
iont
ext

Ther
ear
enopot
ent
ial
war
ningsi
gnsf
oremot
ional
eat
ing.

Sel
ectone:
Tr
ue
Fal
se

Queston7
i
Notyetanswer
ed
Quest
iont
ext

Psychol
ogical
l
y,peopl
ewhot endtoconnectf
oodwithcomfort
,power
,orforany
otherr
easonsthanprovi
dingfuel
tothei
rbodycanbepronetoemoti
onaleati
ng.

Sel
ectone:
Tr
ue
Fal
se

Quest
ion8
Quest
iont
ext

Whi
choft
hef
oll
owi
ngi
sNOTat
ypeofphy
sical
act
ivi
ty?

Sel
ectone:
a.Bi
ki
ngt
otheof
fi
ce
b.Cl
eani
ngt
hehouse
c.Nocor
rectanswer
d.Runni
ng

Queston9
i
Notyetanswer
ed
Quest
iont
ext

Heal
thprof
essi
onalsareabl
etoassessemot
ional
eat
ingt
hroughphy
sical
and
mental
healt
hscreeni
ng.

Sel
ectone:
Tr
ue
Fal
se

Queston1
i 0
Notyetanswer
ed
Quest
iont
ext

Menandwomenar
eaf
fect
edbysoci
aleat
ingdi
ff
erent
ly.

Sel
ectone:
Tr
ue
Fal
se

Quest
ion11
Quest
iont
ext

Whi
choft
hef
oll
owi
ngi
sleastl
i
kel
ytohappent
osomeonewhonegl
ect
sphy
sical
act
ivi
ti
es?

Sel
ectone:
a.He/
shewi
l
lexper
iencemor
est
ress
b.He/
shewi
l
lbecomeov
erwei
ght
c.He/
shewi
l
lfeel
phy
sical
l
yweak
d.He/
shewi
llbeabl
eli
veaheal
thy
,nor
mall
if
e

Quest
ion12
Quest
iont
ext

Thi
sref
erst
otheabil
i
tyoft
hehear
t,l
ungsandbl
oodv
essel
stosuppl
yoxy
genand
nut
ri
ent
sthr
oughoutt
hebody.

Sel
ectone:
a.Aer
obi
cCapaci
ty
b.Fl
exi
bil
i
ty
c.Muscul
arst
rengt
h
d.Bodycomposi
ti
on
e.Muscul
arendur
ance

Quest
ion13
Quest
iont
ext

Sar
aisanaspi
ringfi
gur
eskat
er.St
ret
chingisanimpor
tantpar
tofherexerciserout
ine.
Sar
aistr
yingt
oi mpr
oovewhi
chofthefoll
owingcomponentsofphy
sicalf
itness?

Sel
ectone:
a.Muscul
arSt
rengt
h
b.Aer
obi
cCapaci
ty
c.Fl
exi
bil
i
ty
d.Muscul
arendur
ance

Quest
ion14
Quest
iont
ext

Whi
choft
hef
oll
owi
ngar
ebenef
it
sofhav
inganact
ivel
i
fest
yle?

Sel
ectone:
a.I
tcanhel
prel
i
evest
ress
b.Al
loft
hegi
venchoi
ces
c.I
tboost
sthebodyandmi
nd
d.I
tcani
mpr
oveone'
smood

Quest
ion15
Quest
iont
ext

TheEndurancepr
ogram ai
mst
oincr
easemuscl
esi
zewi
thoutv
eingconcer
ned
wit
hincr
easingst
rengt
h.

Sel
ectone:
Tr
ue
Fal
se

Quest
ion16
Quest
iont
ext
TRUEORFALSE:
LongandSl
owTr
aini
ngmustbemai
ntai
nedwi
thi
naper
iodof20
seconds.

Sel
ectone:
Tr
ue
Fal
se

Quest
ion17
Quest
iont
ext

Whi
choft
hef
oll
owi
ngr
efer
stot
hemuscl
e'
scapaci
tyt
owi
thst
andf
ati
gue?

Sel
ectone:
a.Muscul
arendur
ance
b.Fl
exi
bil
i
ty
c.Aer
obi
ccapaci
ty
d.Bodycomposi
ti
on
e.Muscul
arst
rengt
h

Quest
ion18
Quest
iont
ext

Spor
tsandexer
cisemayf
all
underwhi
choft
hef
oll
owi
ng?

Sel
ectone:
a.Occupat
ional
phy
sical
act
ivi
ty
b.Tr
anspor
t-
rel
atedphy
sical
act
ivi
ty
c.Househol
dphy
sical
act
ivi
ty
d.Recr
eat
ional
phy
sical
act
ivi
ty

Quest
ion19
Quest
iont
ext

Emot
ional
eat
ingcani
nter
fer
ewi
thmai
ntai
ningaheal
thydi
et.

Sel
ectone:
Tr
ue
Fal
se
Quest
ion20
Quest
iont
ext

Whichoft
hefol
l
owingphysicalf
it
nesscomponent
sisbei
ngdev
elopedwhenaper
son
doesst
ret
chi
ngexer
cisesdail
y?

Sel
ectone:
a.Muscul
arst
rengt
h
b.Fl
exi
bil
i
ty
c.Muscul
arendur
ance
d.Bodycomposi
ti
on
e.Aer
obi
ccapaci
ty

TRUEORFALSE:
Exer
cisewi
l
lonl
yincr
easeani
ndi
vi
dual
'
sanxi
ety
.FALSE

Physi
calf
it
nessi
sabroadter
mr efer
ri
ngtotheper
son'
scapaci
tyt
oef
fect
ivel
ycopewi
th
thedemandsofdai
l
yorlei
sur
elyacti
vi
ti
es.TRUE

Howdoy
oucal
cul
atey
ourBMI
?c.Di
vi
det
hewei
ghtbyt
hesquar
eoft
hehei
ght

Li
l
iatakesbal
l
etclasses.Hert
rai
ningpr
ogram i
ncludesvar
iousstret
chi
ngexerci
ses.
Whichofthef
oll
owingcomponentsofphysical
fit
nessshe'
lll
ikel
ydevel
op?Flexi
bil
it
y

Whichofthefol
l
owi ngcanproduceenergyrapi
dly
,buti
sunabl
etomaxi
mizeenergy
product
ionduetothefactt
hatitcannotusemostofthetempor
ari
l
yst
oredener
gyin
themolecul
es?b.Glycol
yti
csystem

Fat
spr
ovi
del
ast
ingener
gy.TRUE

TRUEORFALSE:
TheAer
obi
csy
stem t
akesashor
tert
imet
hant
heGl
ycol
yti
csy
stem.
TRUE

theresul
tsoft
heSi
tandReachtesti
sbasedonwhichoft
hef
oll
owi
ng?
c.Iti
sbasedonthefar
thestr
eachofthet
hreet
ri
als

TRUEORFALSE:Chi
l
drenandadol
escent
smustbecar
eful
whent
heyt
rydoi
ngr
esi
stance
tr
aini
ng.TRUE

Whi
choft
hef
oll
owi
ngexer
cisei
sideal
fori
mpr
ovi
ngmuscul
arst
rengt
h?Wei
ghtl
if
ti
ng

Whi
choft
hef
oll
owi
ngi
sat
ypeofaer
obi
ctr
aini
ngpr
ogr
am?
Sel
ectone:
a.Far
tl
ekt
rai
ning
TRUEORFALSE:Exer
cisetrai
ningpr
ogram i
sessent
ial
becausei
tser
vesasagui
det
oa
bal
anced,
saf
eandeffi
cientworkout
.TRUE

Emot
ional
eat
ingdoesnotl
eadt
oobesi
ty.FALSE

Thi
sref
erst
othet
otal
make-
upoft
hehumanbody
.a.Bodycomposi
ti
on

Thi
srefer
stotheperson'
stendencyt
orespondt
ost
ressbyeat
ing,
evenwhenheorshei
s
nothungr
y.d.Emoti
onaleati
ng

Whi
choft
hef
oll
owi
ngi
sanon-
communi
cabl
edi
sease?b.al
loft
hechoi
ces

I
nresi
stancetrai
ning,
whichofthef
oll
owi
ngty
pesofprogr
amscanhel
pincr
easet
he
f
orceproduct
ioncapacit
yofthehumanmuscl
e?d.St
rengt
hprogr
am

Whi
choft
hef
oll
owi
ngcont
ainheal
thyamount
sofcar
bohy
drat
es?

Howl
ongshoul
dyourexer
cisewor
koutbewheny
ousetupahi
ghi
ntensi
typr
ogr
am?

d.Ashor
tper
iodoft
ime

Whatisthegoal
oft
heOneMi
l
eRun?b.Tof
ini
sht
hedi
stancei
nthef
ast
estt
ime
possi
ble

Exer
cisehel
psi
mprov
eaper son'
smood.Accor
dingt
oscienti
sts,
whattypeof"
feel
-
good"chemi
cal
doesthebodyrel
easei
nordert
oachiev
ethis?a.Endor
phin

Thi
sref
erst
othet
otal
make-
upoft
hehumanbody
.d.Bodycomposi
ti
on

TRUEORFALSE:
TheGl
ycol
yti
csy
stem br
eaksdownt
heCPmol
ecul
etor
eleaseener
gy.
TRUE

TRUEORFALSE:
TheAer
obi
csy
stem t
akesashor
tert
imet
hant
heGl
ycol
yti
csy
stem.
TRUE

Whi
choft
hef
oll
owi
ngmayl
eadt
ohy
per
tensi
on?Al
loft
hegi
venanswer
sar
ecor
rect

Hav
inganact
ivel
i
fest
ylecanhel
pmanageone'
sst
ress.TRUE
Whi
choft
hef
oll
owi
ngi
smostsui
tabl
eforwar
m-upexer
cises?Dynami
c
st
ret
ches

Whichofthefol
l
owi
ngref
erstothenumberofexer
ciset
rai
ningsessi
onst
hataper
son
hastoundergoi
naweek?a.Frequency

Ext
remel
yhi
ghbodyt
emper
atur
ecanbef
atal
.TRUE

Tr
ueorFalse:
Phy
sical
act
ivi
ti
esar
eonl
ybenef
ici
alt
oyourheal
thi
fyoudoi
tsev
eral
times
aweek.FALSE

Changesi
nbodyt
emper
atur
ecanhel
pdet
ermi
net
hecur
rentheal
thcondi
ti
onofaper
son.
TRUE

Havi
ngadiast
oli
cpressureof139mmHgandsyst
oli
cpr
essur
eof89mmHgmeans
t
hatyouar
eonpr ehyper
tensi
onstage.TRUE

Whichofthefoll
owingrefer
stotheforceexer
tedbyt
hebl
oodupont
hear
ter
iesast
he
heartpumpsblood?c.bloodpressur
e

Ast
hephy
sical
fit
nessl
evel
incr
eases,
sodoest
hei
ntensi
tyoft
hewor
kout
.FALSE

What
'st
henor
mal
bodyt
emper
atur
e(i
nFahr
enhei
t)
?98.
6

Thi
simpl
iest
hatt
herei
sanopti
mall
evel
ofoverl
oadthatmustbeattained,
andan
opt
imalt
imefr
amefort
hisov
erl
oadt
ooccur.d.Pr
inci
pleofPr
ogression

Fev
ercanbecausedbysev
eret
raumaori
njur
y.TRUE

Whati
sther
est
inghear
trat
eofawel
l
-tr
ainedat
hlet
e?b.40beat
spermi
nut
e

Whichoft
hefol
lowingr
efer
stotheki
ndofact
ivi
tythatanindi
vidualmustdoi
nor
dert
o
bui
l
daspecif
icpartoff
it
nessandgai
naspeci
ficbenefi
t?b.Frequency

Whi
choft
hef
oll
owi
ngi
sapossi
blecauseoff
ever
?a.Al
loft
hechoi
ces

Tr
ueorf
alse:
Bloodpr
essur
edoesnotchangeashumansgetol
der
.FALSE

FI
TTPr
inci
plest
andsf
orwhi
choft
hef
oll
owi
ng?c.Fr
equency
,Int
ensi
ty,
Time,
andTy
pe
Bl
oodpr
essur
ewhent
hehear
tisatr
estbet
weenbeat
s.a.Di
ast
oli
cpr
essur
e

Toi
mprovethebody
,onemusthav
eawor
kloadt
hati
slesschal
l
engi
ngt
hanwhatt
hebody
i
susedto.FALSE

I
fanindiv
idual
'ssystol
icpressur
e150mmHgandhisdi
ast
oli
cpr
essur
eisat95,
hei
s
mostli
kelytohave:d.Highbloodpr
essur
eSt
age1

Gener
all
yspeaki
ng,t
hehi
ghert
hephy
sical
fit
nessl
evel
,thel
oweraper
son'
srest
inghear
t
rat
eshal
lbe.TRUE

Hypot
her
miaoccurswhent hebodyf
ail
stocont
rol
itsownt
emper
atur
eandt
he
t
emperat
urekeepsri
sing.FALSE

Aer
obi
ctr
aini
ngi
snotr
hyt
hmi
cinnat
ure.TRUE

Thi
spri
ncipl
estat
esthatt
hebodymustwor
khar
deri
nor
derf
ori
ttoadap
Pri
nci
pleofOverl
oad

Al
loftheadapt
ati
onsthatt
akepl
aceasar
esul
toft
rai
ningar
eal
lrev
ersi
ble.
Pr
inci
pleofRever
sibi
li
ty

ThePri
ncipl
eofSpecif
ici
tyst
atest
hatt
hebodywi
l
ladaptspeci
fi
cal
l
ytot
hewor
kload
i
texper
iences.TRUE

I
nthi
sstageofoveruseinjur
y,t
hei
ndi
vi
dual
mightcompl
ainofpai
ndur
ingandaf
ter
t
hephysi
calact
ivi
ty.c.StageII

Whichofthefol
lowi
ngisanexampleofeust
ress?
b.Georgibr
okeupwithhisgi
rl
fr
iend.Hedeci
dedtowor
koutandmakehi
msel
flook
bett
erandmov eon.

Tr
ueorFal
se:
Properat
ti
rei
srel
evanti
nor
dert
opr
eventi
njur
y.TRUE

Whichofthefol
lowi
ngtypesofi
njur
yoccurwhenanindi
vi
dualhasbeentrai
ningf
ora
l
ongperiodofti
mewi t
houtpr
operamountofrestandr
ecover
yinbetween?a.Overuse
i
njur
ies

Whichofthef
oll
owingi
strueaboutbodyt
emperat
ure?
d.t
hebloodvessel
snarr
owwhent hetemper
atureget
scol
d

TheI
ntensi
tyofanexer
cisewor
kloadcanbemeasur
edi
ntwoway
s.TRUE
Thesear
eov
erst
ret
chedl
i
gament
s.Spr
ain

Gener
all
yspeaki
ng,t
hehi
ghert
hephy
sical
fit
nessl
evel
,thel
oweraper
son'
srest
inghear
t
rat
eshal
lbe.TRUE

Whichofthefol
l
owingistr
ueaboutt
heheartr
ateofahuman?
b.Theheartr
atevar
iesfr
om per
sontoperson

Ahi
ghi
ntensi
tywor
koutshoul
dlastf
oral
ongt
ime.FALSE

Accordi
ngtothePri
ncipl
eofIndi
vi
dual
i
ty,
peopl
ehav
ethesamel
evel
ofadapt
ati
ont
o
theexer
ciseworkl
oad.FALSE

Thi
sist
hemostcommonov
erusei
njur
y.c.Tendi
ti
s

AccordingtothePri
ncipl
eofRever
sibi
l
ity
,theadapt
ati
onst
hatt
ookpl
aceasar
esul
t
ofexercisescannolongerber
ever
sed.FALSE

Whi
choft
hef
oll
owi
ngi
str
ueaccor
dingt
othePr
inci
pleofSpeci
fi
cit
y?

Whichofthef
oll
owi
ngmustbeconsi
der
edwhenpl
anni
ngy
ourexer
ciset
rai
ningpr
ogr
am?
b.Alloft
hegi
venchoi
ces

Thedi
ast
oli
cpr
essur
eist
hebl
oodpr
essur
ewhent
hehear
tbeat
swhi
l
epumpi
ngbl
ood.
FALSE

Concussi
oni
sli
fe-
thr
eat
eni
ngasi
tmaydi
sruptt
henor
mal
funct
ionoft
hebr
ain.
True

Whichoft
hefol
lowi
ngi
sanexampl
eofst
ressmanagementst
rat
egy
?
Al
lofthegi
venchoi
ces

Whichoft
hefoll
owingwil
lhel
pyouassessy
ourwei
ghtandhei
ght
?
BodyMassIndex(BMI)

Whati
sthenor
mal
BPf
oradul
ts?120/
80mmHg

Ahi
ghi
ntensi
tywor
koutshoul
donl
ylastf
orashor
tti
me.FALSE

Comprehensi
veTr
aini
ngPr
ogr
am shoul
donl
yaddr
esst
hef
it
nesspar
amet
ers.
FALSE
Whi
chofthef
oll
owingi
sanexampleofdistr
ess?
a.Michel
ebecamemoresull
enafterthedeathofhi
syoungersi
ster
.

Whichofthefol
l
owingistr
ueaboutstress?
Itcanei
therbeposit
iveornegat
ive,
dependingont
heper
son'
scase
Thi
sinj
uryiscommoni ngrowi
ngbones.Fractur
e

Whi
choft
hef
oll
owi
ngi
str
ueaboutspr
ain?a.Noneoft
hechoi
ces

Whi
chpar
toft
hebodydoest
heOneMi
nut
eCur
l-
Upassess?d.Abdomi
nalAr
ea

Anaer
obi
ctr
aini
ngcanbeusedt
oimpr
ovest
rengt
h,power
,muscul
arendur
anceandsi
ze.
TRUE

Whenper
formingt
heSi
tandReach,
howf
arshoul
dthei
ndi
vi
dual
'
sfeetbeapar
t?
a.30centi
meter
sapar
t

Thesyst
oli
cpr
essur
eref
erst
othebl
oodpr
essur
ewhent
hehear
tisatr
estbet
weenbeat
s.
Fal
se

Exer
cisecanmakest
ressanddepr
essi
onwor
se.Fal
se

Whi
choft
hef ol
l
owingi
sTRUEaboutPhosphagenSystem?
b.I
tbreaksdowngl
ucose(
carbohydr
ates)toconsumeener
gy.

ThePNForPropri
ocepti
veNeur
omuscularFaci
l
itat
ionprogram of
tenr
equi
resanassi
stant
.
TRUE
Car
bohydr
ate,
protei
n,andf
atareal
lkey
st oafueli
ngdiet.Fal
se

PNFst
andsf
orPer
cept
iveNeur
omuscul
arFaci
l
itat
ion.Tr
ue

TRUEORFALSE:
Accor
dingt
oexper
ts,
thei
deal
timel
i
mitf
orcool
-downexer
cisesi
s10
minutTr
ue

TRUEORFALSE:
Spor
tsar
eat
ypeofRecr
eat
ional
phy
sical
act
ivi
ty.Tr
ue

JJ'
strai
ningprogram mostl
yconsi
stsofsquats,
push-
upsandpul l
-upsthatwi
l
lhel
p
i
ncreasetheamountoff or
cethathewil
lexer
t.Whichofthefol
lowingcomponent
s
ofphysi
calfi
tnesshe'
llmostli
kel
ygoingtodevel
op?Aerobiccapacit
y

Thepr
imar
ydi
ffer
encebetweenemot
ional
eat
ingandbi
ngeeat
ingi
nvol
vest
heamount
off
oodbei
ngconsumed.True
Whichoft hefoll
owingisadisti
ncti
vementalil
l
nesscharacter
izedbyr ecur
rentepi
sodes
ofcompul si
veov er
eati
ng,inthataff
ectedpeopleuncont
rol
lablyeatanamountoff ood
thati
ssignifi
cantl
ylar
gerthanthatwhichmostpeopleeatinadi st
inctperi
odoftime(f
or
example,overtwohours),
evenwhent heyar
enothungry?Bingeeatingdisorder

TRUEORFALSE:Thebodycanr el
easefeel
-goodchemi
cal
sknownasendor
phi
nsmor
e
easi
l
ywhenanindi
vi
dualexer
cises.Tr
ue

Howdoesexer
cisehel
prel
i
evest
ress?.Nocor
rectanswer

Di
ff
erentphy
sical
act
ivi
ti
espr
omot
edi
ff
erentcomponent
sofphy
sical
component
s.Tr
ue

Communicablediseasesar
emedi
cal
condi
ti
onst
hatar
enon-
inf
ect
uousornon
-
transmi
ssi
ble.False

Yuur
iwoul
dli
ket
oassesshi
sfl
exi
bil
i
ty.Whi
choft
hef
oll
owi
ngt
est
sshoul
dhet
ry?
Si
tandReach

Whichofthefol
lowingtest
saimstoeval
uat
ethemuscul
arf
it
nessoft
he
abdominalmuscles?OneMi nut
eCur
lUp

TRUEORFALSE:
Phy
sical
act
ivi
tyi
sli
mit
edt
ospor
tsandexer
cise.Fal
se

Whi
chAerobi
ctrai
ningusesl
owtomoderat
eintensit
yexer
cisesthatmustbe
mai
ntai
nedwit
hinami ni
mum per
iodof45minutes?Far
tl
ekTr ai
ning

Wecannotr
elyonf
lexi
bil
i
tyf
ort
henor
mal
mov
ementpat
ter
nsandpost
ureofani
ndi
vi
dual
.
Tr
ue

Exer
ciseisdefi
nedasaplannedprogr
am consi
sti
ngofv
ari
ousphy
sical
act
ivi
ti
eswhi
ch
wil
lhelpboostone'
sphy
sicalfi
tnessl
evel
.True

Whichoft
hefol
lowi
ngresist
anceexer
ciseswil
lhel
pboostmuscl
esi
zewi
thout
bei
ngconcer
nedwit
hincreasi
ngstr
ength?Hypert
rophypr
ogr
am

Whichofthefol
l
owingfl
exi
bil
i
tyt
rai
ningpr
ogramsincorpor
atesvar
iousr
api
dmov
ement
s
t
olengthenthemuscl
esbeyonft
henormalrange?Bal
li
sti
cstret
ches

Thebodycomposi
ti
oni
scomposedoft
hel
eanbodymassandt
hebodyf
atTr
ue

Accor
dingt
oexper
ts,
thei
deal
timel
i
mitf
orcool
-downexer
cisesi
s10mi
nut
es.Tr
ue
TRUEORFALSE:
Exer
cisecanhel
ppeopl
ewhoar
ecopi
ngwi
thdepr
essi
onTr
ue

Thi
srefer
stot
heamountofef
for
torwor
kthatmustbei
nvest
edi
naspeci
fi
cwor
kout
.
I
ntensi
ty

Thi
spri
ncipl
est
atesthateachi
ndi
vi
dual
hav
evar
iousl
evel
sofadapt
ati
ont
othewor
kout
.
Pri
nci
pleofI
ndi
vidual
it
y

Whichoft
hef
oll
owi
ngr
efer
stohowof
tenoneper
sonwi
l
lexer
cise?
Fr
equency

WhendoesHy
pot
her
miahappen?Al
loft
hegi
venchoi
cesar
ecor
rect

Atwist
,pull
,ortearofmuscl
eort
endont
hatr
esul
tsf
rom ov
erst
ret
chi
ngorov
er
cont
ract
ion.Str
ain

Howlongdoesaper
sonexper
ienci
ngSt
ressFr
act
ureneedt
orestandav
oidexer
cise?
4weeks

TrueorFal
se:
Youdonothav
etoi
ncl
uder
ecov
eryst
rat
egi
esi
nyourt
rai
ningpr
ogr
am.
False

Bloodpr
essur
echangesaspeopl
egetol
der
.
False

Whi
choft
hef
oll
owi
ngi
ndi
vi
dual
sis/
areexper
ienci
ngeust
ress?

Sel
ectone:
a.Jackal
way scomeshomet
ofi
ndhi
spar
ent
sfi
ght
ing.Thi
scauseshi
mtoper
for
m
poorl
yatschool
.
b.Emilal
waysarr
ivesatt
heoffi
cel
ooki
nggrumpybecauseheal
way
shast
oendur
ebei
ng
i
nsidet
hecrowdedbusont hewayt
owork.
c.Rebeccaisangrybecauseshecannotper
for
m pr
oper
lyatt
heof
fi
ceduet
o
hor
ri
bleint
ernetconnect
ion
d.Sar
a,f
eelingthepr
essur
ecausedbytheexpect
ati
onofev
ery
oneforhert
owi
ngol
din
t
heOlympics,tr
ainsr
egul
arl
yunt
ilsheper
fect
edherfi
gur
eskat
ingr
outi
ne.

TrueorFalse:
aCompr
ehensi
veTr
aini
ngPr
ogr
am shoul
donl
yaddr
esst
hef
it
ness
parameter
s.False

Accordi
ngtothi
sprinci
ple,adapt
ati
onst
hatt
hebodyhasachi
evedt
hroughexer
cisecanbe
rev
ersed.Pr
inci
pleofRev er
sibi
li
ty
Concussi
oni
scommonl
ycausedbyasev
erebl
owt
othehead.Tr
ue

TheFITTPri
ncipleisdesignedtoaddressthecur
rentf
it
nesslevel
ofanindi
vidual
,aswel
l
asfi
ndmeanst ot r
iggernegati
veadaptati
ons.Tr
ue
Whichofthefol
lowingisdesignedforassessi
ngthecardi
ovascul
arendur
anceofaperson?
One-Mil
eRun

Hi
ghbl
oodpressur
eisal
soknownas
Hy
pert
ensi
on

Accordi
ngtot
hePrinci
pleofRever
sibi
l
ity,di
scont
inui
ngy
ourexer
ciset
rai
ningwi
l
lcause
thebody'
sphy
sical
fit
nesslevel
tolower.True

Whatdoesthebodyneedaccor
dingtothePr
inci
pleofOverl
oad?
Thebody'
smusclesmustbeov erwor
kedinorderfori
ttoexceedi
tsl
imi
t.

Whenpl
anni
nganexerci
seprogram, keepinmindthatt
imei
sinf
luencedbyt
hei
ntensi
ty
andt
ypeofact
ivi
tyt
hatyouareplanningtodo.True

Whichst
ageofov
erusei
njur
ycausest
hei
ndi
vi
dual
tof
eel
pai
nwhet
heratr
estoratpl
ay?
St
ageIII

Howmanyst
agesofov
erusei
njur
iesar
ether
e?
3

Thi
spri
ncipl
estat
esthatt
hebodymustwor
khar
deri
nor
derf
ori
ttoadapt
.
Pri
nci
pleofOverl
oad

Bursi
ti
sisacommoni
njur
yamongwhi
choft
hef
oll
owi
ng?
Runners

Bur
sit
isi
sthei
nfl
ammat
ionofwhi
choft
hef
oll
owi
ng?
Bur
sa

TheFITTPr
inci
plesar
ehel
psani
ndi
vi
dual
findpr
opermeanst
oov
erl
oadt
hebody
.
True

Whichoft
hefoll
owi
ngi
snottrueaboutTendi
ti
s?
I
tisthel
eastcommonover
useinj
ury

I
tisi
mpor
tantf
orat
hlet
est
oconsumef
oodf
rom av
ari
etyofsour
ces.
Tr
ue

Thebodyexper
iences_
___
___
_loadst
hanusual
dur
ingphy
sical
act
ivi
ti
es.
Higher

Accordi
ngt
oexper
ts,t
heamountoff
oodweeatcanbeaf
fect
edbyt
heset
ti
ngwear
ein
andwhowearewith.
True

Howl
ongshoul
daper
sont
akeaday
timenapi
nor
dert
oeaset
hemi
ndandbodyofst
ress?
3to5hour
s

Emot
ional
eat
inghappensasar
esponset
ost
ress.
Tr
ue

Whyshoul
dathl
etesconsumefat
?
Al
loft
hestat
ementsarecorr
ect

Al
cohol
canhel
pmakepeopl
eloset
hei
rinhi
bit
ions.
Tr
ue

AssessingyourHRFi
snoti
mpor
tanti
ndet
ermi
ningt
heappr
opr
iat
eexer
cisepr
ogr
am
foryou.Fal
se

StageIIOv
eruseI
njur
iescausesaper
sont
ofeel
pai
nwhet
hert
heyar
eatr
estorpl
ay.
False

DuringtheSt
age____
_ofanOveruseI
njur
y,t
heindi
vi
dual
mayexper
iencepai
ndur
ing
andaf t
eraphysi
cal
acti
vi
ty,
butnotwhi
leatrest
.
StageII

Howlongshoul
daper
sonr
estwhenhe/
shehasast
ressf
ract
ure?
ar
oundfourweeks

Acutei
njur
iesoccurwhenani
ndi
vi
dual
hasbeent
rai
ningf
oral
ongper
iodoft
imewi
thout
pr
operrestandrecover
y.
True

Oneoft
hemostr
elev
antappr
oachest
omanagest
ressi
smanagi
ngt
hest
ressor
s.
Tr
ue
Whichoft hefoll
owingstat
est
hatadapt
ati
onst
hatt
akepl
aceasar
esul
toft
rai
ning
ar
er eversi
ble?
Pr
incipleofReversi
bil
it
y

Howmanyhoursofsl
eepatni
ghtdoesapersonneedi
nor dertolessnstr
ess?
7to9hours
Whichoft
hefol
l
owingref
erst
othewearandtearofaj
ointthatresult
stoit
sdeter
ior
ati
on?
Ost
eoart
hri
ti
s

Whenitcomestowar
m upexer
cises,
whatisthemai
ngoal
ofdy
anmi
cst
ret
chi
ng?
emphasi
zeontheact
iver
angeofmotionoft
hejoi
nt

Thesearekeyfact
orsi
ndesi
gni
nganexer
cisepr
ogr
am.
FI
TTPrinci
ples

Exer
cisei
snotgoodf
orpeopl
ewhowantt
orel
i
evest
ress.
Fal
se

Beingphy
sical
l
yact
ivecanhel
pyoumanagest
ress.
True

AComprehensiv
eTrai
ningPr
ogram shoul
daddr
essthef
it
nesspar
ameter
ssuchasaer
obi
c
andstr
ength,aswell
asassesstheweaknessesandabnormal
it
iesofaper
son'
s
movements.
True

Over
comi
ngemot
ional
eat
ingi
nvol
vesst
arv
ingt
hei
ndi
vi
dual
.
Fal
se

Whi
choft hef
oll
owi
ngi
snotat
ypeofphy
sical
act
ivi
ty?
I
nsi
tut
ional

Howmanyper
centofpeopl
ehav
etendt
oeatmor
ewhenst
ressed?
about30%

Whichoft
hefoll
owi
ngi
sawi
del
y-
accept
edt
ool
inassessi
ngt
hebody
'scomposi
ti
on?
BodyMassIndex

Whi
chpar
toft
hebodyi
susual
l
yaf
fect
edbyst
ressf
ract
ure?
Bur
sa
I
nter
nall
y,anindi
vi
dual
canidenti
fyt
heint
ensi
tyofhi
sorhert
rai
ningpr
ogr
am bygaugi
ng
thel
eveloffati
gueorexhaust
ionfel
t.
True

Wheredoesost
eoar
thr
it
iscommonl
yoccur
?
kneej
oint

Thissac-
li
kemuscul
oskel
etal
str
uct
urepr
ovi
dessuppor
tandcushi
oni
ngt
othe
j
oint.Bur
sa

Lackofappr
opr
iat
eti
mef
orr
estmaycauseov
erusei
njur
iesi
nthef
utur
e.
True

Ti
meisi
nfl
uencedbyt
hei
ntensi
tyandt
ypeofact
ivi
tyt
hataper
soni
spl
anni
ngt
odo.
Tr
ue

Whichofthef
oll
owi
ngi
snotcausedbyemot
ional
eat
ing?
Happiness

Thebodycomposi
ti
onofanindi
vi
dual
iscomposedofwhi
choft
hef
oll
owi
ng?
Bot
hleanbodymassandbodyfat

St
ressf
ract
urei
schar
act
eri
zedbyadul
l
,achi
ngpai
nthatwor
sensov
ert
ime.
Tr
ue

Tr
ueorFal
se:
Bur
sit
isi
scommonamongswi
mmer
s.
Tr
ue

WhatistheusualcauseofTendi
ti
s?
Muscl
eimbalancebetweenmusclepai
rs

Whichofthefol
l
owi
ngisapossi
blecausef
oremot
ional
eat
ing?
al
lofthegiv
enchoi
ces

Whyarecooldownexer
cisesessent
ial
par
tofanexer
cisepr
ogr
am?
al
loft
hegivenchoi
cesarecorr
ect

Whi
choft
hefol
l
owingi
saproperwayt
opr
eventspor
tsi
njur
ies?
Al
loft
hegiv
enchoi
cesar
ecorr
ect
Whichoft
hefol
l
owingphy
sical
assessment
sai
mtoassesst
hemuscul
arf
it
nessof
t
heuppertor
so?
OneMinut
ePush-Up

Thisisal
soknownasnegat
ivest
ress.
Dist
ress

Osteoar
thi
ti
sget
sev
enwor
sewhent
heper
sonaf
fect
edi
sanor
exi
c.
True

Tr
ueorFalse:Oneoft
hemostr
elev
antappr
oachest
omanagest
ressi
smanagi
ngt
he
st
ressor
s.True

Whi
choft
hefol
l
owingi
strueaboutphy
sical
act
ivi
ty?
Al
loft
hegiv
enstat
ement
saretrue

TheFITTPr i
ncipl
eisanacr
onymforwhi
choft
hef
oll
owi
ng?
Frequency
,Intensi
ty,
TimeandTy
pe

Whichofthefol
lowingst
atest
hatt
hebodywi
l
ladaptspeci
fi
cal
l
ytot
hewor
kloadi
t
exper
iences?
Pri
nci
pleofSpecif
ici
ty

Spor
tsandexer
cisef
all
underwhi
cht
ypeofphy
sical
act
ivi
ty?
Recr
eat
ional

Osteoar
thi
ti
sget
sev
enwor
sewhent
heper
sonaf
fect
edi
s
anorexi
cTrue

Accor
dingtoexper
ts,
howl
ongshoul
dcool
downexer
cisesl
ast
?
10minutes

TrueorFal
se:
Youcanwearany
thi
ngwheny
ouexer
cise.
False

Whichofthefol
l
owingcanl
eadt
ost
ress?
.Al
lofthegiv
enchoices
G11PHILO121WEEK1TO
10SARI
LIKOPOYAN
GAWASANAPO
SALAMATANNIYOAKO
LEGI
TNALEGITPREFECT
SCOREKUNGMAYMALIISA
OR
DALAWALNGPOPA
SHARESAIBA
SALAMAT
Quest
iont
ext

JamesLov el
ock'
s"GaiaHypothesi
s"stat
esthat"
theplanetearthalt
ersi
tsgeo-
physi
ologi
calst
ruct
ureoverti
mei nordert
oensurethecontinuati
onofanequil
ibr
ium of
evol
vi
ngor gani
candinor
ganicmat t
er.
"

Sel
ectone:
Tr
ue
Fal
se

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i
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ed
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Fl
agquest
ion

Quest
iont
ext

Knownast
he"
fat
herofphenomenol
ogy
"

EdmundHusser
l
Answer
:

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Fl
agquest
ion

Quest
iont
ext

Shei
laColl
insemphasi
zedt heimportanceoff
emini
sm totheenvi
ronment
almovement
andvari
ousotherli
ber
ationmov ements,ar
gui
ngthatt
hedomi nat
ionofwomenbymenis
hi
stori
cal
lytheor
igi
nalform ofdominati
oninhumansociet
y.

Sel
ectone:
Tr
ue
Fal
se

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i
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ed
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kedoutof1.
00

Fl
agquest
ion

Quest
iont
ext

Kantusedtranscendent
alar
gument st
oshowt hatsensoryexperi
enceswoul
dnotbe
possi
bleapartfr
om ourcont
ribut
ingtothem t
heirspat
ial
andt emporalf
orm,
asnarr
ated
i
nthisbook.

Sel
ectone:
a.Bei
ngandNot
hingness
b.Heav
enandHel
l
c.Tr
anscendent
alDeduct
ionoft
heCat
egor
ies
d.Cr
it
iqueofPur
eReason

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ed
Markedoutof1.
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Fl
agquest
ion

Quest
iont
ext

Itof
tenref
erstoanexper
iencewi
tht
hedi
vi
neorsupr
emebei
ng,
whi
chi
sconcei
vedas
absolut
eorinf
ini
te.

Tr
anscendence
Answer
:

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i
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ed
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Fl
agquest
ion

Quest
iont
ext
Whi
choft
hesei
snotani
ntegr
alpar
tofpr
udence?

Sel
ectone:
a.shr
ewdness
b.doci
l
itas
c.wi
sdom

Queston7
i
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ed
Markedoutof1.
00

Fl
agquest
ion

Quest
iont
ext

His"l
ooki
ngout"not
ioninref
lect
ivepr
acti
cewasi
nspi
redbyt
hewor
kofBar
bar
a
Carper
'sf
undamentalwaysofknowing.

Sel
ectone:
a.Donal
dSchon
b.Chr
isAr
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is
c.Chr
ist
opherJohns
d.noneoft
hechoi
ces

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Quest
iont
ext

Accor
dingtoAr i
stot
le,
prudencebeginswit
hanunder
standi
ngoft
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inci
plesof
pr
acti
calreason,bet
terknownassy nder
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Sel
ectone:
Tr
ue
Fal
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Quest
iont
ext

Accordi
ngtoArneNaessandGeor
geSessions,humanshavetheult
imater
ightt
oreduce
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chnessofot
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Sel
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iont
ext

I
nW.
V.OQui
ne'
sname,
"O"st
andsf
orwhat
?

Sel
ectone:
a.Or
vil
l
e
b.Or
man
c.Oscar
d.Owen

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agquest
ion
Quest
iont
ext

I
nCartesi
anphil
osophy,t
hei
ntegral
partsofpr
udencear
etheel
ement
sthatmustbe
pr
esentforanycomplet
eorperf
ectactofthevi
rt
ue.

Sel
ectone:
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Quest
iont
ext

Thephil
osopherwhoint
roducedtheterm"transcendent
al"t
obett
erexpl
aint
hepossi
bil
i
ty
ofbei
ngbeyondtheli
mitsofallpossi
bleexperi
enceandknowledge

I
mmanuel
kant
Answer
:

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agquest
ion

Quest
iont
ext

Thi
siswher
etheci
rcumst
ancesmustbewei
ghedt
odet
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net
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Sel
ectone:
a.caut
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b.ci
rcumspect
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c.pr
udent
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udgment

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 Fl
agquest
ion

Quest
iont
ext

Ecol
ogicextensi
onf
ocusesonl
yont
hewor
thoft
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ironmenti
nter
msofi
tsut
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it
y
orusef
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Sel
ectone:
Tr
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agquest
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Quest
iont
ext

The"
DeepEcol
ogyMov
ement
"subscr
ibest
oant
hropocent
ri
cenv
ironment
ali
sm.

Sel
ectone:
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agquest
ion

Quest
iont
ext

Whichoft
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owingist
heSout
hAf
ri
canst
atesmanwhoi
ntr
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erm"
hol
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n
abookhewrotein1926?

Sel
ectone:
a.Got
tl
obFr
ege
b.Donal
dDav
idson
c.JanSmut
s
d.Ludwi
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genst
ein

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agquest
ion

Quest
iont
ext

Hedevel
opedt heconceptoftr
anscendent
al?Phi
l
osophywhi
chhel
i
ber
atedf
rom
t
heconvergenceofneo-Kanti
anism.

Sel
ectone:
a.Jean-
Paul
Sar
tre
b.Dav
idHume
c.Har
aldHol
z
d.Car
lZi
mmer

Queston1
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Fl
agquest
ion

Quest
iont
ext

I
DENTI
FICATI
ON:
I
tist
hedisci
pli
nei
nphil
osophythatst
udiesthemor
alr
elat
ionshi
pofhumanbei
ngst
o
t
heenvi
ronmentandi
tsnon-humancontents.

Env
ironment
alEt
hics
Answer
:

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agquest
ion

Quest
iont
ext

ThisbookbyTer
ryBor
tonpopul
ari
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ear
ningcy
clecomposedoft
hequest
ions"
What
"
"Sowhat?,
"and"
Nowwhat?"

Sel
ectone:
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hechoi
cesi
str
ue
b.TheRef
lect
ivePr
act
it
ioner
c.Reach,
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d.Bot
hoft
hechoi
cesar
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agquest
ion

Quest
iont
ext

Thi
sbookwri
ttenbyImmanuelKantwasusedtoargueforadeepi
nter
connecti
on
bet
weentheabil
i
tytohav
eself
-consci
ousnessandexperi
enceaworl
dofobject
s.

Sel
ectone:
a.nocor
rectanswer
b.Cr
it
iqueofPur
eReason
c.Bei
ngandNot
hingness
d.Tr
anscendent
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ionoft
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agquest
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Quest
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ext

I
DENTI
FICATI
ON:
Ki
ngSol
omon'
steachi
ngsaboutwi
sdom wasf
urt
hernar
rat
edi
nthi
sbookofHol
yBi
ble.

Eccl
esi
ast
es
Answer
:

Queston2
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agquest
ion

Quest
iont
ext

TheFal
l
acyofAdHomi nem i
nvol
vesther
eject
ionofsomeper son'
sposi
ti
onnotbyv
irt
ue
oft
heargumenti
tsel
f,butbyvir
tueofsomeunlikeabl
easpectoftheper
son.
?
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ectone:
Tr
ue
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se

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agquest
ion

Quest
iont
ext

Thi
sint
egr
alpar
tofpr
udencer
efer
stot
heunder
standi
ngoff
ir
stpr
inci
ples.

Sel
ectone:
a.f
oresi
ght
b.i
ntel
li
gent
ia
c.memor
ia

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agquest
ion

Quest
iont
ext

Consequenti
ali
stethi
calt
heor
iesmai
ntainthatwhet
heranacti
onisri
ghtorwr
ongi
s
forof
tenindependentofwhet
heri
tsconsequencesaregoodorbad.

Sel
ectone:
Tr
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se

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agquest
ion

Quest
iont
ext

I
DENTI
FICATI
ON:
Astat
ementthatexpr
essessomeone'
sbel
i
ef,
view,
orj
udgment
aboutsomet
hing/someone.
Answer
: Opi
nion

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agquest
ion

Quest
iont
ext

Whi
chi
snott
rueaboutopi
nions?

Sel
ectone:
a.Opi
nionsar
ebasedonbel
i
efsandf
eel
i
ngs.
b.Theyar
est
atement
sofact
ual
i
tyandexper
ience.
c.Theydonothav
etobebasedonl
ogi
calr
easoni
ng.

Queston2
i 7
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Fl
agquest
ion

Quest
iont
ext

Whati
stheGr
eekt
ermf
or"
all
"or"
tot
al"
?

Sel
ectone:
a.Compl
etar
e
b.I
ntegr
um
c.Achev
eé
d.Hol
os

Queston2
i 8
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Fl
agquest
ion

Quest
iont
ext

Env
ironment
ali
sm i
stheposit
iont
hathumansarethemosti
mpor
tantorcri
ti
calel
ement
i
nanygivensi
tuat
ion;
thatt
hehumanr acemustal
waysbeit
sownpri
mar yconcer
n.

Sel
ectone:
Fal
se
Tr
ue

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 Fl
agquest
ion

Quest
iont
ext

Theauthorof"TheRef
lect
ivePracti
ti
oner
,"abookt
hati
ntroducedt
heconceptof 
ref
lect
ion
-
in-
act
ion whi
chexplai
nhowpr ofessi
onal
smeetthechal
lengesoft
hei
rworkwi t
haki nd
of 
i
mprov i
sat
ion.

Sel
ectone:
a.Chr
isAr
gyr
is
b.Chr
ist
opherJohns
c.noneoft
hechoi
ces
d.Donal
dSchon

Queston3
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agquest
ion

Quest
iont
ext

I
DENTI
FICATI
ON:
Al
doLeopol
dwr ot
ethisbooki
n1949whi
chemphasi
zedt
hei
mpor
tanceof
gi
vi
ngimpor
tancetolandasanent
it
y.
Answer
: ASandCount
yAl
manac

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agquest
ion

Quest
iont
ext
I
tisast
atementt
hati
sobj
ect
ivei
nnat
ureandwel
l
-suppor
tedbyev
idence.

Sel
ectone:
a.bot
hfactandopi
nion
b.f
act
c.opi
nion

Queston3
i 2
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agquest
ion

Quest
iont
ext

Tom Reganint
roducedtheso-
cal
led"
non-i
denti
typr
obl
em,"whichst
atesthatwedonot
hav
eobligat
ionstofut
urepeopl
ebecausether
eisnodefi
nit
ivegr
oupofindivi
dual
sto
whom suchobli
gati
onsareowed.

Sel
ectone:
Fal
se
Tr
ue

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agquest
ion

Quest
iont
ext

Mat
eri
ali
sm r
efer
stot
hemoni
sti
ctheor
ythatt
hewor
ldconsi
stspur
elyofmat
ter
.

Sel
ectone:
Fal
se
Tr
ue

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agquest
ion

Quest
iont
ext

Theabi
l
ityt
odi
scer
nandappl
yhigherl
awstomatt
erst
hatf
all
outsi
dethescopeof
themor
ecommonorlowerr
ulest
hattypi
cal
l
ygui
dehumanacti
oniscal
ledsynesi
s.

Sel
ectone:
Tr
ue
Fal
se

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agquest
ion

Quest
iont
ext

Whati
stheGr
eekt
ermf
or"
wisdom?
"

Sel
ectone:
a.At
hena
b.sophi
a
c.phi
l
os

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i 6
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agquest
ion

Quest
iont
ext

I
tref
erstothequal
i
tyorst
ateofbei
ngcont
ainedwi
thi
ntheboundar
iesofaper
son,
t
heworld,ort
hemind.
Sel
ectone:
a.t
ranscendent
ali
sm
b.i
deal
i
sm
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oici
sm
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mmanence

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i 7
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agquest
ion

Quest
iont
ext

Sol
ert
iai
stheLat
int
ermf
orshr
ewdness,
whi
chi
sani
ntegr
alpar
tofpr
udence.

Sel
ectone:
Tr
ue
Fal
se

Queston3
i 8
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Fl
agquest
ion

Quest
iont
ext

I
nthi
sbook,
Ari
stotl
emaint
ainst
hat
 nat
urehasmadeall
thi
ngsspecif
ical
l
yforthesake
ofmanandt
hattheval
ueofnon-
humanthingsi
nnat
ureismerel
yinst
rumental
.

Sel
ectone:
a.Sophi
st
b.Met
aphy
sics
c.Pol
it
ics

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agquest
ion

Quest
iont
ext

ArneNaessref
erstothi
sas 
thef
ightagai
nstpoll
uti
onandresour
cedeplet
ion,t
hemai
n
goalofwhi
chistheheal
thandaf
fluenceofpeopl
einthedevel
opedcountr
ies.

Sel
ectone:
a.deepecol
ogymov
ement  
b.ut
il
it
ari
ani
sm
c.shal
lowecol
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agquest
ion

Quest
iont
ext

I
DENTI
FICATI
ON:
Thephi
l
osopherwhost
atedt
hatopi
nioni
sint
ermedi
arybet
weenknowl
edgeandi
gnor
ance

Pl
ato
Answer
:

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i 1
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agquest
ion

Quest
iont
ext

Chr
isArgyri
sand 
DonaldSchönconcept
ual
i
zedt
hei
deaofsi
ngl
e-l
oopl
ear
ninganddoubl
e-
l
ooplearni
nginwhatyear
?
Sel
ectone:
a.1988
b.1978
c.1982
d.1990

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Fl
agquest
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Quest
iont
ext

Thi
srefer
stoaspeci
fi
cmannerof
 consi
der
ati
onwheni
tcomest
ohowonesees
somethi
ng.

Sel
ectone:
a.poi
ntofv
iew
b.wor
ldv
iew
c.pr
oposi
ti
onal
att
it
ude
d.v
ant
agepoi
nt

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agquest
ion

Quest
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ext

PopeBenedi
ctXVI
'
sency cl
i
cal"
Laudat
osi
'
"cr
it
iquesconsumer
ism,
env
ironment
al
degr
adat
ion,
andglobal
war mi
ng.
Sel
ectone:
Tr
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Fal
se

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ion44
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ion

Quest
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ext

Whatdoct
rinest
atesthat 
awor
dacqui
resi
tsmeani
ngonl
ywi
thi
nthecont
extof
apr
oposit
ionorsentence?

Sel
ectone:
a.r
educt
ioni
sm
b.phi
l
osophyofl
anguage
c.compl
exsy
stem
d.cont
extpr
inci
ple

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agquest
ion

Quest
iont
ext

Whi
choft
hesei
snotapr
oposi
ti
onundert
hedeepecol
ogypr
inci
ple?

Sel
ectone:
a.nocor
rectanswer
b.humanpopul
ati
oncont
rol
c.si
mpl
eli
vi
ng

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agquest
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Quest
iont
ext
Thisphi
losophi
calmovementar
osetoprotestagai
nstt
hegener
alst
ate?
of
i
ntell
ect
uali
sm andspi
rit
ual
i
tyduri
ngthelate1820'
s.

Sel
ectone:
a.t
ranscendent
ali
sm
b.st
oici
sm
c.my
sti
cism
d.Ger
manI
deal
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sm

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agquest
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Quest
iont
ext

Thisisconsi
deredameanstowardsachi
evingacer
tai
nend,
thusdet
ermi
ningt
he
successofbri
ngingaboutapar
ti
cul
arpurpose?

I
nst
rument
alv
alue
Answer
:

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agquest
ion

Quest
iont
ext

Mor
ali
sm pr
oposest
ounder
standmor
ali
tyandassesst
heet
hical
qual
i
tyofact
ions.

Sel
ectone:
Fal
se
Tr
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Queston4
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agquest
ion

Quest
iont
ext

Envi
ronment
alethi
csisabranchofappli
edphil
osophyt
hatst
udi
est
he
concept
ualf
oundati
onsofenvir
onmentalval
ues

Sel
ectone:
Tr
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Fal
se

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Quest
iont
ext

I
DENTI
FICATI
ON:
Thegodofwi
sdom i
nHi
ndui
sm

Sar
aswat
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Answer
:
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agquest
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Quest
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ext

hi
sphi
l
osophi
cal
mov
ementar
oset
opr
otestagai
nstt
hegener
alst
ate?
ofi
ntel
l
ect
ual
i
s

Sel
ectone:
a.r
egr
essi
ve
b.pr
ogr
essi
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c.nocor
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essi
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agquest
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Quest
iont
ext

Whatki
ndofhol
i
sm st
atesthat
 noi
ndi
vidualst
atementcanbeconf
ir
medordi
sconf
ir
med
byanempi
ri
calt
est
,butonl
yasetofstatements?

Sel
ectone:
a.semant
ichol
i
sm
b.phi
l
osophyofl
anguage
c.t
otal
hol
i
sm
d.conf
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ionhol
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Queston3
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 Fl
agquest
ion

Quest
iont
ext

I
tref
erstothequal
i
tyorst
ateofbei
ngcont
ainedwi
thi
ntheboundar
iesofaper
son,
t
heworld,ort
hemind.

Sel
ectone:
a.i
deal
i
sm
b.st
oici
sm
c.t
ranscendent
ali
sm
d.i
mmanence

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Fl
agquest
ion

Quest
iont
ext

ThisbookbyTer
ryBor
tonpopul
ari
zedal
ear
ningcy
clecomposedoft
hequest
ions"
What
"
"Sowhat?,
"and"
Nowwhat?"

Sel
ectone:
a.TheRef
lect
ivePr
act
it
ioner
b.Reach,
TouchandTeach
c.Noneoft
hechoi
cesi
str
ue
d.Bot
hoft
hechoi
cesar
etr
ue

Queston5
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Markedoutof1.
00

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agquest
ion
Quest
iont
ext

I
tisast
atementt
hati
sobj
ect
ivei
nnat
ureandwel
l
-suppor
tedbyev
idence.

Sel
ectone:
a.opi
nion
b.bot
hfactandopi
nion
c.f
act

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agquest
ion

Quest
iont
ext

I
nW.
V.OQui
ne'
sname,
"O"st
andsf
orwhat
?

Sel
ectone:
a.Oscar
b.Or
man
c.Or
vil
l
e
d.Owen

Queston7
i
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ed
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Fl
agquest
ion

Quest
iont
ext

Thi
sbookwri
ttenbyImmanuelKantwasusedtoargueforadeepi
nter
connecti
on
bet
weentheabil
i
tytohav
eself
-consci
ousnessandexperi
enceaworl
dofobject
s.

Sel
ectone:
a.nocor
rectanswer
b.Tr
anscendent
alDeduct
ionoft
heCat
egor
ies
c.Cr
it
iqueofPur
eReason
d.Bei
ngandNot
hingness

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agquest
ion

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iont
ext

Kantusedtranscendent
alar
gument st
oshowt hatsensoryexperi
enceswoul
dnotbe
possi
bleapartfr
om ourcont
ribut
ingtothem t
heirspat
ial
andt emporalf
orm,
asnarr
ated
i
nthisbook.

Sel
ectone:
a.Cr
it
iqueofPur
eReason
b.Tr
anscendent
alDeduct
ionoft
heCat
egor
ies
c.Heav
enandHel
l
d.Bei
ngandNot
hingness

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i
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agquest
ion

Quest
iont
ext

Thi
sref
erst
other
epr
esent
ati
onoft
hewor
ldorawayt
hewor
ldcoul
dpossi
blybe.
Sel
ectone:
a.pr
oposi
ti
on
b.opi
nion
c.ar
gument

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 Fl
agquest
ion

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iont
ext

I
nthecont
extofphil
osophyoflanguage,
thi
sref
erst
ot hepositi
onthatsentences 
hav
e
meani
ngthatar
eindependentofthei
rrel
ati
onst
oothersentencesorbeli
efs.

Sel
ectone:
a.Epi
stemol
ogi
cal
reduct
ioni
sm
b.Cont
extpr
inci
ple
c.At
omi
sm
d.Semant
ichol
i
sm

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i 1
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ed
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agquest
ion

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iont
ext

Whati
stheot
hert
erm usedf
orepi
stemol
ogi
cal
hol
i
sm?

Sel
ectone:
a.conf
ir
mat
ion
b.semant
ic
c.ont
ologi
cal
d.mat
eri
ali
sm

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i 2
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agquest
ion
Quest
iont
ext

I
DENTI
FICATI
ON:
Thegodofwi
sdom i
nHi
ndui
sm

ganesh
Answer
:

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i 3
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agquest
ion

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iont
ext

I
DENTI
FICATI
ON:
Taoi
stsadher
etot
heseasbasi
sfort
hei
rdoct
ri
neofwi
sdom.

Tao
Answer
:

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i 4
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agquest
ion

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iont
ext

Itof
tenref
erstoanexper
iencewi
tht
hedi
vi
neorsupr
emebei
ng,
whi
chi
sconcei
vedas
absolut
eorinf
ini
te.
Answer
: Tr
anscendence

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i 5
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ed
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agquest
ion
Quest
iont
ext

I
tisusedi
nphenomenol
ogyt
oref
ert
othet
ermi
nusofani
ntent
ionasgi
ven
f
orconsci
ousness.

Sel
ectone:
a.i
ntent
ional
i
ty
b.st
oici
sm
c.t
ranscendence
d.noema

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i 6
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agquest
ion

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iont
ext

Hei
sthephi
l
osopherwhof
ormul
atedt
heso-
cal
l
ed"
cont
extpr
inci
ple"i
nsemant
ichol
i
sm.

Sel
ectone:
a.Got
tl
obFr
ege
b.Donal
dDav
idson
c.Ludwi
gWi
tt
genst
ein
d.W.
V.O.Qui
ne

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i 7
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agquest
ion

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iont
ext

Whi
chi
snott
rueaboutopi
nions?

Sel
ectone:
a.Theyar
est
atement
sofact
ual
i
tyandexper
ience.
b.Opi
nionsar
ebasedonbel
i
efsandf
eel
i
ngs.
c.Theydonothav
etobebasedonl
ogi
calr
easoni
ng.

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agquest
ion

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iont
ext

I
DENTI
FICATI
ON:
I
nthi
sbook,
wisdom wasdef
inedast
heunder
standi
ngofcauses.

Met
aphy
sics
Answer
:

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i 9
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agquest
ion

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iont
ext

Knownast
he"
fat
herofphenomenol
ogy
"

EdmundHusser
l
Answer
:

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ion

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iont
ext

I
DENTI
FICATI
ON:
Ki
ngSol
omon'
steachi
ngsaboutwi
sdom wasf
urt
hernar
rat
edi
nthi
sbookofHol
yBi
ble.

BookofEccl
esi
ast
es
Answer
:

Theaut
horof"
Bei
ngandNot
hingness,
"abookwhi
chmost
lyt
ackl
est
ranscendence

Jean-
PaulSar
tre
Thisphi
losophi
calmovementar
osetoprotestagai
nstt
hegener
alst
ate?
of
i
ntell
ect
uali
sm andspi
rit
ual
i
tyduri
ngthelate1820'
s.

Tr
anscendent
ali
sm

Hi
sbook"Heav
enandHell"gi
vesadet
ail
eddescr
ipt
ionoft
heaf
ter
li
fe,
howpeopl
eli
veaf
ter
t
hedeat
hofthephy
sical
body.

EmanuelSwedenbor
g

Theper
soni
fi
cat
ionofwi entRomansMi
sdom amonganci ner
va

I
DENTIFI
CATI
ON:
TheChr
ist
ianphi
l
osopherwhopr
oposedt
hatwi
sdom i
sthe"
fat
herofal
l
v
irt
ues.
"

ThomasAqui
nas

Whatdoct
ri
nestat
est hat
 awor
dacqui
resi
tsmeani
ngonl
ywi
thi
nthecont
extofa
pr
oposi
ti
onorsentence?

- cont
extpr
inci
ple
Thi
sref
erst
oaspeci
fi
cmannerof
 consi
der
ati
onwheni
tcomest
ohowoneseessomet
hing.

- poi
ntofv
iew
Thewor
d"t
ranscendence"comesf
rom t
heLat
int
erm"
tr
anscender
e"whi
chmeanwhat
?

t
ogobey
ond

Her
efer
redt
owi
sdom as"
ther
ightuseofknowl
edge.
"

Char
lesHaddonSpur
geon

Whati
stheGr
eekt
ermf
or"
wisdom?
"

- Sophi
a
Pl
atoopposedtheconceptoft
ranscendencebymeansoft
hispr
inci
ple,
thus
cr
eati
nganotherbr
anchofphil
osophyknownas:
Epi
stemol
ogy

Theprinci
plei
ntr
oducedbyEdmundHusser
lwhichisconsi
der
edamaj
or
phi
losophi
calmovementint
hetwent
iet
hcentur
y.phenomenol
ogy

Theauthorof"TheRefl
ect
ivePracti
ti
oner
,"abookt
hati
ntroducedt
heconceptof 
ref
lect
ion
-
in-
act
ion whi
chexplai
nhowpr ofessi
onal
smeetthechal
lengesoft
hei
rworkwi t
haki nd
of 
i
mprov i
sat
ion.Donal
dSchon

Theot
hert
ermf
or"
wisdom"i
nphi
l
osophy

- sapi
ence

Chr
isArgyr
isand 
Donal
dSchönconcept
ual
i
zedt
hei
deaofsi
ngl
e-l
oopl
ear
ninganddoubl
e-l
oop
l
ear
ninginwhatyear
?

1978

Thenumberofst
epsi
nvol
vedi
nGr
aham Gi
bbs'
ful
lst
ruct
ureddebr
ief
ing.

- 6

Deepecol
ogyi
sthear
gumentf
ort
hei
ntr
insi
cval
ueori
nher
entwor
thoft
heenv
ironment
.

Sel
ectone:
True
Accordingt
oAndr
ewBr ennan,l
ibert
ari
anext ensioni
soneoft
het
hreegener
alet
hical
approachesi
nval
uingournatur
al r
esources.False

Consequenti
ali
stethi
calt
heor
iesmai
ntainthatwhet
heranacti
onisri
ghtorwr
ongi
s
forof
tenindependentofwhet
heri
tsconsequencesaregoodorbad.Fal
se

Ecol
ogicextensi
onf
ocusesonlyont
hewor
thoft
heenv
ironmenti
nter
msofi
tsut
il
it
y
orusef
ulnesstohumans.Fal
se

Hecl
aimedt
hathumani
tyandal
lot
herbei
ngsar
easpect
sofasi
ngl
eunf
oldi
ngr
eal
i
ty.

War
wickFox 
  

Envi
ronment
alethi
csisabranchofappli
edphil
osophyt
hatst
udi
est
he
concept
ualf
oundati
onsofenvir
onmentalval
uesTrue

Ant
hropocent
ri
cenvir
onmental
ism i
sconcer
nedwit
htheconservat
ionoft
he
env
ironmentonl
yforexpl
oit
ati
onbyandforhumanpurposes.Tr
ue
JamesLov el
ock'
s"GaiaHypothesi
s"stat
esthat"
theplanetearthalt
ersi
tsgeo-
physi
ologi
calst
ruct
ureoverti
mei nordert
oensurethecontinuati
onofanequil
ibr
ium of
evol
vi
ngor gani
candinor
ganicmat t
er.
"True

Thi
siswheretheci
rcumst
ancesmustbewei
ghedt
odet
ermi
net
hecor
rect
act
ion.pr
udenti
alj
udgment

Accordi
ngtoPeterVardy,weakanthr
opocentr
ism ar
guest
hathumansar
eatt
hecent
er
ofreal
it
yanditi
srightforthem t
obeso.False

I
net
hics,
a"pr
udent
ialjudgment"i
sonewher
etheci
rcumst
ancesmustbewei
ghed
t
odet
erminet
hecorrectact
ion.Tr
ue

ArneNaessref
erstothi
sas 
thef
ightagai
nstpoll
uti
onandresour
cedeplet
ion,t
hemai
n
goalofwhi
chistheheal
thandaf
fluenceofpeopl
einthedevel
opedcountr
ies.
shal
lowecol
ogymov ement 
 

I
tref
erst
otheabi
l
ityt
ogov
ernanddi
sci
pli
neonesel
fbyt
heuseofr
eason.Pr
udence

Sheclaimedt
hatahuman-cent
eredanthr
opocentr
icper
spect
ivewoul
dhavet
o
supportbr
oadenv
ironment
ali
sm fori
ttobevi e.Ba
abl rbaraMcKi nnon
For
esi
ghti
stheabi
l
ityt
otakeal
lrel
evantci
rcumst
ancesi
ntoaccount
.Fal
se

Ly
nnWhi
teseesr
eli
gionast
hebasi
sofenv
ironment
alst
ewar
dshi
p.Tr
ue

PeterVardyar
guedthathumanst
endt
oassesst
hingswr
ongl
yint
ermsoft
hei
r
useful
nesstous.Fal
se

Goodj
udgmenti
sani
ntegr
alpar
tofpr
udence.Fal
se

Enl
ightenedorAnswer recognizest
hatdut
iest
owar
dst
he
env
ironmentemanatefrom ourdut
iest
oit
shumani nhabi
tant
s?

Pr
udent
ialAnt
hropocent
ri
sm

AccordingtoConf
uci
us,
thi
sis"
thebi
tt
erestway
"toacqui
rewi
sdom.
Exper
ience

GeorgeSessi
onsar
ti
cul
atedt
hepr
inci
plesoft
henewDeepEcol
ogyMov
emental
ongwi
th
ArneNaess.Tr
ue

Thepr
inci
pleofhol
i
sm wassummar
izedi
n"Met
aphy
sics"
,wr
it
tenbywhi
chphi
l
osopher
?
 - Ar
ist
otl
e
TheFal
lacyofPartandWholeconsi
stsi
nappl
yi
ngonestandar
dforonegr
oupori
ndi
vi
dual
,
andanotherst
andardforanopposi
nggr
ouporindi
vi
dual
.Fal
se

Envi
ronmental
ethi
csref
erstothecrucial
rol
eofet
hicsi
nthest
udyofr
elat
ionof
humanbeingsandtheenvi
ronment.True

Accordi
ngtoSt.ThomasAquinas,
prudencebegi
nswit
hanunder
standi
ngoft
he
fi
rstpri
nci
plesofpr
act
ical
reason,
alsoknownas?Synder
esi
s

Heposit
stheuni
queness 
ofal
lanimal
sand 
broadenst
hescopeoft
hemor
alobl
i
gat
ion
ofcar
etoincl
udeal
lindi
vi
dual
beingsMart
iKheel

Command,whichisthedi
rectappl
i
cat
ionofgoodcounsel
andj
udgment
,ist
hepr
inci
pal
actofpr
udence.Tr
ue

Under
standi
ngCult
ure,
Soci
etyandPol
it
icsG11
UCSP111PARAPOSA
LAHATG11PAKIRE
ATTEMPNALANGPO
PARAMAPERFECTSCORE
NYOSIYAWAGNYO
TI
GILANPAGATTEMPPAG
DPARINMAPERFECT.

I
tgivesconcr
etet
ermshowweshoul
dbehav
e--
whatweshoul
ddoandwhatweshoul
dnot
do.norms

Soci
eti
est
hatf
eat
ureaneconomybasedonser
vicesandt
echnol
ogy
,notpr
oduct
ion.

POST-
INDUSTRI
ALSOCI
ETY
Whichoft
hefol
l
owi
ngi
ndi
vi
dual
sissai
dtobet
hef
ounderofSoci
ology
?
AugusteComte
Anthropol
ogyandSociol
ogyar
edi
ff
erentsci
encest
hatdeal
wit
hhumanbei
ngsand
thei
rcharact
eri
sti
cs.
FALSE

Ar
ecultur
alrepresent
ati
onsofr
eal
ity
.Theygi
vemeani
ngst
oev
ent
sandt
hingsl
i
ke
astat
ue,handshake,col
l
egeri
ng,f
laget
c.
Symbols

I
tinv
olv
esj
udgi
ngot
hercul
tur
esagai
nstt
hest
andar
dsofy
ourowncul
tur
e.
Et
hnocent
ri
sm

Thi
sisast
ruggl
ebet
weensegment
sofsoci
etyov
erv
aluedr
esour
ces.

Soci
alConf
li
ct

st
art
edt
hedomest
icat
ionandbr
eedi
ngofani
mal
sforf
ood.

Past
oralsoci
eti
es

I
tisint
angibl
ebutinfl
uencesourbehavi
orli
keourl
anguage,
bel
i
efs,
val
ues,
rul
esof
behavi
or,
familypatt
ernsandpoli
ti
calsy
stem.

Non-
mat
eri
alcul
tur
e
Conf
li
ctTheor
yispr
imar
il
ybasedont
hewor
kof
:

Kar
lMar
x

Thissocialsci
encedealswi
thhumancult
ure,
aswel
last
hephy
sical
andsoci
al
charact
erist
icsthatcr
eatet
hatcul
tur
e.

Ant
hropol
ogy

Thefi
rstschooli
nthePhi
l
ippi
neswhi
chof
fer
edabachel
or'
sdegr
eei
nsoci
ology
Uni
versi
tyofSto.Tomas

I
sanacti
vi
tyt
hati
sfor
biddenorsacr
edbasedonr
eli
giousbel
i
efsormor
als.
Taboo

Thedataanal
yzedbysoci
ologi
stsar
eusedbygov
ernmentof
fi
cial
sand
marketr
esear
chers.
Fal
se
Accor
dingtoRober
tMer
ton,
theobv
iousf
unct
ionweopenl
yint
endasoci
alsy
stem
toper
form ar
e
Manif
estfuncti
ons

Thisisthehi
stor
icalchangefrom tr
adi
tion-sent
imentsandbeli
efspassedfr
om one
generati
ontoaothertorat
ionali
ty-del
iber
ate,matt
er-
of-
factcal
cul
ati
onofthecost
eff
ectivemeanstoaccompl i
shat askasadomi nantmodeofhumant hought
.
Rationali
zat
ionofSoci et
y

Isonecomponentt
hatmakesourl
i
feeasi
er.Wecanhav
evol
umepr
oduct
ionofgoodst
hat
canbeusedbyus
thr
oughthi
scomponent
.
Technol
ogy

Fr
om t
hesymbol
i
cint
eract
ionper
spect
ive,
whi
choft
hef
oll
owi
ngi
sasy
mbol
?
Al
loft
hem ar
esymbol
s

Thechangethatoccursasasoci
etyacqui
resanewt
echnol
ogy
Soci
ocultur
alEvoluti
on

Dur
ingt
hisst
ate,
manusedsi
mpl
etool
stohuntani
mal
sandv
eget
ati
on.
Pal
eol
i
thi
cage

Thesesoci
eti
esuseadv
ancedsour
cesofener
gy,
rat
hert
hanhumanandani
mal
s,t
orun
l
argemachiner
y .
I
ndustri
alSocieti
es

Whi
chofthefol
l
owingi
str
ueaboutSer
fi
nM.Macarai
g?
Hepubl
ishedabookenti
tl
ed"AnInt
roduct
iont
oSociol
ogy
"in1938.

Peopl
ewhoownandoper
atef
act
ori
esandot
herbusi
nessesi
npur
sui
tofpr
ofi
ts.
Capi
tal
ist
s

Membersoft
hesesoci
eti
est
endcr
opswi
thanani
mal
har
nessedt
oapl
ow.
Agr
icul
tur
alSoci
eti
es

WhoistheEngl
i
shsoci
ologi
stwhopr
oposedt
hattherei
spar
all
eli
sm bet
weenhow
soci
etyev
olv
esint
hesamemannerasanimalspeci
esdo?
Her
ber
tSpencer

Thesoci
ologi
cali
maginat
ion:hel
psindi
vi
dual
stounder
standt
het
rueor
igi
nsand
char
acteroftheprobl
emst heyface.

Whichoft
hef
oll
owi
ngi
saLat
int
ermt
hatmeans"
compani
on"or"
associ
ate"
?
Socius

Whichoft hefoll
owingindi
vidual
sisasociologi
stwhobecamenot
abl
ef orf
ocusi
ngon
howi ndustr
ialr
evolut
ionchangedthethoughtsandact
ionoft
hesoci
etyandhowit
broughtaboutapr ocessknownasr at
ional
izati
on?
MaxWeber

Ref
erstoindi
vi
dual
swhoi
nter
actwi
thoneanot
herandshar
esi
mil
archar
act
eri
sti
csand
asenseofunit
y.
Soci
alGroup

Refer
stot
hest
andar
dsbywhi
chweassessgoodnessaccept
abi
l
ity
,beaut
yordesi
rabi
l
ity
.
Val
ues

peopl
ewhosel
lthei
rpr
oduct
ivel
aborf
orwages
Prol
etar
iat

I
sev er
ythi
ngthatismade,lear
ned,orsharedbythemember
sofasoci
ety
,incl
udi
ng
val
ues,bel
ief
s,behavi
ors,
andmat ernalobject
s.
Cult
ure

Social
organizat
ioni
sanexampl
eofaf
ormal
groupFalse

Whati
sthenameofthenati
veGermanwhocameupwi t
htheideat
hat
i
ndust
ri
ali
zat
ionr
esul
tedi
ntheri
seoftwocl
asses:
theownersandthel
abor
ers?
Kar
lMarx

Hebel
iev
edt hatsoci
etyhasan“
obj
ect
iver
eal
i
ty”
.
Emil
eDur khei
m

I
tist
hechanget
hatoccur
sasasoci
etyacqui
resnewt
echnol
ogy
.
Soci
o-cul
tur
alev
olut
ion
Whopr
oposedt
hePhi
l
osophi
cal
posi
ti
onofposi
ti
vi
sm?

August
eComt
e

Acoll
ect
ionofpeoplewhohappent
obeatt
hesamepl
aceatt
hesamet
imebutwho
hav
enoot herconnect
iont
ooneanot
her
.

Aggr
egat
e
Fami
l
yisanexampl
eofapr
imar
ygr
oup

t
rue

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Whi
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Whichofthefol
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Whatdoy oucal
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Whi
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Whi
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Whi
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Whi
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mal

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ue

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ati
ons
d.Economi
cs

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ort
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ssi
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ion2

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iont
ext

Anthr
opologyandSociol
ogyar
edi
ff
erentsci
encest
hatdeal
swi
thhumanbei
ngs
andthei
rcharact
eri
sti
cs.

Sel
ectone:
 a.Fal
se
b.Tr
ue

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rect
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ion3

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rect
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Quest
iont
ext

Thedataanal
yzedbysoci
ologi
stsar
eusedbygov
ernmentof
fi
cial
sandmar
ket
resear
cher
s.

Sel
ectone:
a.Fal
se

b.Tr
ue

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rect
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ion4

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Quest
iont
ext
Soci
ologyf
ocusesont
hebi
gpi
ctur
eofhumancul
tur
e.

Sel
ectone:

a.Fal
se
b.Tr
ue

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ion5

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iont
ext

Anal
ysi
sofdat
afr
om aspeci
fi
cst
udyi
stheconcer
nof_
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
.

Sel
ectone:

a.Soci
ology
b.Hi
stor
y
c.Phi
l
osophy
d.Ant
hropol
ogy

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rect
.

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rect
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ort
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ethest
ateoft
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lags

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ocul
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alandSoci
alEv
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Learni
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vi
ty4

St
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ate Fi ni
shed
Compl
etedon
None

0secs
Marks 5/5
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ade 100outof100

Quest
ion1

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rect
Mark1outof1

Quest
iont
ext

Anomi
eisacondi
ti
onwhi
chsoci
etypr
ovi
desl
i
ttl
emor
algui
dancet
oindi
vi
dual
s.
Tr
ue
Answer
:

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rect
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ort
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ssi
on:
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Quest
ion2

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rect
Mark1outof1
Quest
iont
ext
Soci
etyhast
hepowert
ogui
deourt
hought
sandact
ions.
Tr
ue
Answer
:

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ort
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Quest
ion3

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rect
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iont
ext

Thegreat
eramountoftechnol
ogyasoci
etyhaswi
thi
nit
sgr
asp,
thef
ast
ercul
tur
al
changewil
ltakepl
ace.
Tr
ue
Answer
:

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ort
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Quest
ion4

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rect
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iont
ext

Past
oral
Soci
eti
esst
art
edt
hedomest
icat
ionandbr
eedi
ngofani
mal
sforf
ood.
Tr
ue
Answer
:

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rect
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ort
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on:
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Quest
ion5

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rect
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Quest
iont
ext

Wit
hincapi
tal
istsyst
em,
wor
ker
shav
eowner
shi
pint
hemanuf
act
uredpr
oductor
r
enderedserv
ice.
Fal
se
Answer
:

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rect
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ort
hissubmi
ssi
on:
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ethest
ateoft
hef
lags

Fi
nishr
evi
ew
Ski
pQuiznav
igat
ion

Qui
znav
igat
ion
Pagepat
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Dashboar
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 LongQuiz1/►
LongQuiz1

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edon None
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shed
Complet
edon
None
Ti
met aken 0
secs
Marks 30. 00/30.
00
Grade 100. 00outof100.
00

Quest
ion1

Compl
ete
Mar
k1.
00outof1.
00

Quest
iont
ext

Heproposedwhati
scal
l
edas“
rat
ional
i
zat
ionofsoci
ety
”.
Sel
ectone:
a.Her
ber
tSpencer
b.Kar
lMar
x
c.August
eComt
e
d.MaxWeber

Quest
ion2

Complete
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00

Quest
iont
ext

pol
i
tical
organi
zat
ion:
stat
e=f
inanci
alor
gani
zat
ion:
___
___
___
Sel
ectone:
a.chur
ch
b.school
c.bank
d.cul
t

Quest
ion3

Complete
Mark1.00outof1.
00

Quest
iont
ext

Whichofthef
oll
owi
ngi
sNOTt
rueaboutt
henat
ureofsoci
ology
?
Sel
ectone:
 a.Soci
ologyi
saphy
sical
sci
ence.
b.Soci
ologyi
sacat
egor
ical
disci
pli
ne.
c.Soci
ologyi
ssci
ence.
d.Soci
ologyi
sasoci
alsci
ence.

Quest
ion4

Complete
Mark1.00outof1.
00

Quest
iont
ext

Whichofthef
oll
owi
ngi
sconsi
der
eda“
taboo”
?
Sel
ectone:
a.abor
ti
on
b.sl
aver
y
c.addi
cti
on
d.al
loft
hechoi
ces

Quest
ion5

Complete
Mark1.00outof1.
00

Quest
iont
ext

I
tisthechanget
hatoccur
sasasoci
etyacqui
resnewt
echnol
ogy
.
Sel
ectone:
a.Noneoft
hechoi
ces
b.Soci
alanar
chy
c.Soci
o-cul
tur
alev
olut
ion
d.Soci
etal
rev
olut
ion

Quest
ion6
Complete
Mark1.00outof1.
00

Quest
iont
ext

Thi
sref
erst
omi
crol
evel
anal
ysi
s(soci
ologi
cal
per
spect
ive)
.
Sel
ectone:
a.Sy
mbol
i
cint
eract
ioni
sm
b.Conf
li
ctt
heor
y
c.Noneoft
hechoi
ces
d.Funct
ional
i
sm

Quest
ion7

Complete
Mark1.00outof1.
00

Quest
iont
ext

Hebeli
evedthatsoci
etyhasan“
obj
ect
iver
eal
i
ty”
.
Sel
ectone:
a.Her
ber
tSpencer
b.Har
ri
etMar
ti
neau
c.Kar
lMar
x
d.Emi
l
eDur
khei
m

Quest
ion8

Complete
Mark1.00outof1.
00

Quest
iont
ext

Thi
sisdef
inedast
hest
udyofhumanki
ndusi
ngf
act
s,hy
pot
hesi
s,and,
andt
heor
ies.
Sel
ectone:
a.Ant
hropol
ogy
b.Soci
ology
c.Hi
stor
y
d.Pol
i
tical
Sci
ence

Quest
ion9

Complete
Mark1.00outof1.
00

Quest
iont
ext

Whoauthored“
Soci
etyi
nAmer
ica”
?
Sel
ectone:
a.August
eComt
e
b.Kar
lMar
x
c.Har
ri
etMar
ti
neau
d.Her
ber
tSpencer

Quest
ion10

Complete
Mark1.00outof1.
00

Quest
iont
ext

Theexperi
enceofi
sol
ati
onandmi
ser
yresul
ti
ngf
rom power
lessness
Sel
ectone:
a.Capi
tal
i
sm
b.Pr
olet
ari
ani
zat
ion
c.Al
i
enat
ion
d.El
ati
on

Quest
ion11
Complete
Mark1.00outof1.
00

Quest
iont
ext

Thepeoplewhoownandoper
atef
act
ori
esandot
herbusi
nessesi
npur
sui
tofpr
ofi
ts.
Sel
ectone:
a.pr
olet
ari
ats
b.l
umpenpr
olet
ari
ats
c.capi
tal
i
sts
d.bour
geoi
s

Quest
ion12

Complete
Mark1.00outof1.
00

Quest
iont
ext

Whatcomponentofcul
tur
emakeshumanl
i
feeasi
er(
e.g.masspr
oduct
ionofgoods)
?
Sel
ectone:
a.Sy
mbol
s
b.Language
c.Technol
ogy
d.Val
ues

Quest
ion13

Complete
Mark1.00outof1.
00

Quest
iont
ext

Ar
ulet
hatgui
desourbehav
ior
.
Sel
ectone:
a.Technol
ogy
b.Val
ues
c.Nor
m
d.Sy
mbol
s

Quest
ion14

Complete
Mark1.00outof1.
00

Quest
iont
ext

Whatcomponentofcul
tur
einv
olv
esi
tsr
epr
esent
ati
onsofr
eal
i
ty?
Sel
ectone:
a.Language
b.Val
ues
c.Sy
mbol
s
d.Technol
ogy

Quest
ion15

Complete
Mark1.00outof1.
00

Quest
iont
ext

Wri
ttenr
ulesofconductenact
edandenf
orcedbygov
ernment
.
Sel
ectone:
a.Laws
b.Taboo
c.Mor
es
d.Fol
kway
s

Quest
ion16
Complete
Mark1.00outof1.
00

Quest
iont
ext

I
ntangi
bleandt
hatwhi
chi
nfl
uencest
hebehav
ior
Sel
ectone:
a.Noneoft
hechoi
ces
b.Non-
mat
eri
alcul
tur
e
c.Mega-
mat
eri
alcul
tur
e
d.Mat
eri
alcul
tur
e

Quest
ion17

Complete
Mark1.00outof1.
00

Quest
iont
ext

Hedescri
bedsoci
etyasbey
ondi
ndi
vi
dual
s’per
sonal
exper
iences.
Sel
ectone:
a.Kar
lMar
x
b.Her
ber
tSpencer
c.Emi
l
eDur
khei
m
d.Har
ri
etMar
ti
neau

Quest
ion18

Complete
Mark1.00outof1.
00

Quest
iont
ext

Hel
ookedatsoci
etyaswhi
chi
sinconf
li
ct.
Sel
ectone:
a.Kar
lMar
x
b.Her
ber
tSpencer
c.Har
ri
etMar
ti
neau
d.August
eComt
e

Quest
ion19

Complete
Mark1.00outof1.
00

Quest
iont
ext

ALati
nterm whi
chmeans“
compani
on”or“
associ
ate”
.
Sel
ectone:
a.Locus
b.Sol
us
c.Soci
us
d.Logos

Quest
ion20

Complete
Mark1.00outof1.
00

Quest
iont
ext

Whichofthef
oll
owi
ngi
str
ueaboutMaxWeber
?
Sel
ectone:
a.Hef
ocusedonhowi
ndust
ri
ali
zedr
evol
uti
onchangedpeopl
e’
sthought
sandact
ion.
b.Hewast
hef
ounderofsoci
ologydepar
tmentofUni
ver
sit
yofChi
cago.
c.Het
ransl
atedComt
e’swor
kinEngl
i
sh.
d.Hesai
dthatt
hesoci
ologi
st’
staski
stoexpl
ainconf
li
ct.

Quest
ion21
Complete
Mark1.00outof1.
00

Quest
iont
ext

Thesoci
ologi
stwhof
ocusedoncl
assst
ruggl
es.
Sel
ectone:
a.Her
ber
tSpencer
b.Har
ri
etMar
ti
neau
c.Kar
lMar
x
d.August
eComt
e

Quest
ion22

Complete
Mark1.00outof1.
00

Quest
iont
ext

Dur
ingthest
age,
manusedsi
mpl
etool
stohuntani
mal
s.
Sel
ectone:
a.Hunt
ingandgat
her
ingst
age
b.I
ndust
ri
alst
age
c.Past
oral
stage
d.Agr
icul
tur
alst
age

Quest
ion23

Complete
Mark1.00outof1.
00

Quest
iont
ext

Thi
sref
erst
othev
isi
blepar
toft
hecul
tur
e.
Sel
ectone:
a.Mat
eri
alcul
tur
e
b.Noneoft
hechoi
ces
c.Non-
mat
eri
alcul
tur
e
d.I
mmat
eri
alcul
tur
e

Quest
ion24

Complete
Mark1.00outof1.
00

Quest
iont
ext

Ref
erstoj
udgi
ngot
hercul
tur
esagai
nstt
hest
andar
dsofone’
scul
tur
e
Sel
ectone:
a.Subcul
tur
e
b.Et
hnocent
ri
sm
c.Assi
mil
ati
on
d.Mul
ti
cul
tur
ali
sm

Quest
ion25

Complete
Mark1.00outof1.
00

Quest
iont
ext

“suigeneri
s”means_
___
___
Selectone:
a.uncommon
b.ubi
qui
tous
c.uni
que
d.ut
il
it
ari
an

Quest
ion26
Complete
Mark1.00outof1.
00

Quest
iont
ext

Sociologyisconsider
edasa___
__social
sciencewhenmosttheor
iesar
ebasedon
poll
s,
stati
stical
analy
sis,sampl
i
ng,
andlargecoll
ecti
onsofl
if
ehi
stori
es.
Selectone:
a.Descr
ipt
ive
b.Repet
it
ive
c.Qual
i
tat
ive
d.Quant
it
ati
ve

Quest
ion27

Complete
Mark1.00outof1.
00

Quest
iont
ext

Acult
urewhichr
espect
scul
tur
alv
ari
ati
ons
Sel
ectone:
a.Subcul
tur
e
b.Et
hnocent
ri
sm
c.Mul
ti
cul
tur
ali
sm
d.Assi
mil
ati
on

Quest
ion28

Complete
Mark1.00outof1.
00

Quest
iont
ext
Whichi
snotincl
udedi
nMaxWeber
’sRat
ional
Soci
alOr
gani
zat
ion?
Sel
ectone:
a.Per
sonal
disci
pli
ne
b.Di
sil
l
usi
onment
c.Awar
enessoft
ime
d.I
mper
sonal
i
ty

Quest
ion29

Complete
Mark1.00outof1.
00

Quest
iont
ext

Thi
sisthesci
ent
if
icst
udyofhumansoci
ety
,it
sor
igi
n,st
ruct
ure,
funct
ion,
anddi
rect
ion.
Sel
ectone:
a.Pol
i
tical
Sci
ence
b.Hi
stor
y
c.Soci
ology
d.Ant
hropol
ogy

Quest
ion30

Complete
Mark1.00outof1.
00

Quest
iont
ext

Whoproposedt
hePhi
l
osophi
cal
posi
ti
onofposi
ti
vi
sm?
Sel
ectone:
a.Har
ri
etMar
ti
neau
b.Her
ber
tSpencer
c.Kar
lMar
x
d.August
eComt
e
 Sav
ethest
ateoft
hef
lags

Fi
nishr
evi
ew
Ski
pQuiznav
igat
ion

Qui
znav
igat
ion
Pagepat
h

Dashboar
d/►
SHS/►
UCSP-111/►
 Week2/►
ShortQui
z2

St
art
edon None
St
ate Fi ni
shed
Compl
etedon
None
Ti
metaken
0secs
Marks 14/ 15
Grade 93outof100

Quest
ion1

Compl
ete
Mark1outof1

Quest
iont
ext

Fami
l
yisanexampl
eofapr
imar
ygr
oup

Sel
ectone:
Tr
ue
Fal
se

Quest
ion2

Compl
ete
Mar
k1outof1
Quest
iont
ext

Thi
sref
erst
oanunpl
annedgr
oup

Sel
ectone:
a.i
nfor
mal
group
b.pr
imar
ygr
oup
c.secondar
ygr
oup
d.f
ormal
group

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scor
rect
.

Quest
ion3

Compl
ete
Mark1outof1

Quest
iont
ext

Thewayaper
sonreact
stoheal
thandil
l
nessi
sanat
ti
tudeandper
cept
iont
hat
i
nvol
veal
lot
hercul
tur
alcomponent
s.

Sel
ectone:
Tr
ue
Fal
se

Quest
ion4

Compl
ete
Mark1outof1
Quest
iont
ext

I
tisagr
oupofpeopl
ewi
thshar
edt
err
it
ory
,int
eract
ionandcul
tur
e

Sel
ectone:
a.gr
oup
b.noneoft
hese
c.soci
ety
d.cul
tur
e

Feedback

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scor
rect
.

Quest
ion5

Compl
ete
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Quest
iont
ext

Inworkingwit
hclient
sf r
om othercul
tural
backgrounds,t
heI Tspeci
ali
stmayf
indthat
thecli
entisnotf
luentinEngl
ish.TheITspecial
i
strecognizesthi
sasanappropri
ate
str
ategyforcommuni cat
ingwithcli
entswhoarenotf l
uentinEngli
sh.

Sel
ectone:
a.r
espondi
ngt
othecl
i
entusi
nghi
sorherf
ir
st
name b.speaki
ngi
nal
oudert
oneofv
oice
c.i
ncor
por
ati
ngappr
opr
iat
ehandgest
uresand
pi
ctur
es d.int
eract
ingwi
thani
nter
pret
erf
oral
l
communicat
ion

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sincor
rect
.

Quest
ion6
Compl
ete
Mark1outof1

Quest
iont
ext

Ev
eryexchangewi
thacl
i
enti
sacr
oss-
cul
tur
alone.

Sel
ectone:
Tr
ue
Fal
se

Quest
ion7

Compl
ete
Mark1outof1

Quest
iont
ext

Soci
alor
gani
zat
ioni
sanexampl
eofaf
ormal
group

Sel
ectone:
Tr
ue
Fal
se

Quest
ion8

Compl
ete
Mark1outof1

Quest
iont
ext

I
nordert
of i
tint
othei
rnewsociety
,however,membersmustgi
veupsomeoft
hei
r
or
igi
nalt
radi
ti
ons.Thi
sprocessiscal
led_
_ _
_____
___
___.
Sel
ectone:
a.assi
mil
ati
on
b.cul
tur
aldi
ver
sit
y
c.dev
iance
d.mul
ti
cul
tur
ali
sm

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scor
rect
.

Quest
ion9

Compl
ete
Mark1outof1

Quest
iont
ext

Whatar
eval
ues?

Sel
ectone:
a.Det
ermi
nedbyf
ami
l
y,r
eli
giousbel
i
efs,
cul
tur
e
b.St
andar
dst
hatar
epr
act
icedi
nacul
tur
e
c.Al
loft
hese
d.Mor
alsorst
andar
dst
hatar
eaccept
edi
nacul
tur
e

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scor
rect
.

Quest
ion10

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ete
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Quest
iont
ext
Thet
endencyt
ovi
ewot
hercul
tur
esbyt
hest
andar
dsofone'
sowncul
tur
e.

Sel
ectone:
a.cul
tur
eshock
b.cul
tur
alr
elat
ivi
sm
c.assi
mil
ati
on
d.et
hnocent
ri
sm

Feedback

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scor
rect
.

Quest
ion11

Compl
ete
Mark1outof1

Quest
iont
ext

Rol
emodel
sandment
orsr
emai
nbasi
cal
l
ythesameamongcul
tur
es.

Sel
ectone:
Tr
ue
Fal
se

Quest
ion12

Compl
ete
Mark1outof1

Quest
iont
ext

Whatdoy
oucal
lacul
tur
ewi
thi
nthedomi
nantcul
tur
e?

Sel
ectone:
 a.noneoft
hese
b.subcul
tur
e
c.mi
nicul
tur
e
d.cul
tur
edi
ver
sit
y

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Youransweri
scor
rect
.

Quest
ion13

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ete
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iont
ext

Wear
einaspeci
ali
nter
estgr
oupi
fwest
ayt
oget
hert
omeetouri
nter
est
sasi
tsmember
s.

Sel
ectone:
Tr
ue
Fal
se

Quest
ion14

Compl
ete
Mark1outof1

Quest
iont
ext

Ani
ndi
vi
dual
feel
sathomewi
thi
nthi
ssoci
aluni
t.

Sel
ectone:
a.I
n-gr
oup
b.Pr
imar
ygr
oup
c.Out
-gr
oup
 d.I
nfor
mal
group

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scor
rect
.

Quest
ion15

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ete
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iont
ext

Thedef
ini
ngel
ementofasoci
etyi
s__
___
___
___
___
___
__.

Sel
ectone:
a.mor
es
b.cul
tur
e
c.soci
algr
oup
d.l
aw

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Youransweri
scor
rect
.

Sav
ethest
ateoft
hef
lags

Fi
nishr
evi
ew
Ski
pQuiznav
igat
ion

Qui
znav
igat
ion

o
Empower
mentTechnol
ogi
es(E-
Tech)

Pagepat
h

Dashboar
d/►
 SHS/►
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 Fi
rstPeri
odi
cal
Exam /►
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rstPeri
odi
cal
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art
edon None
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ate Fi ni
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etedon
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ade 98.00outof100.
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Quest
ion1

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iont
ext

pol
i
tical
organi
zat
ion:
stat
e=f
inanci
alor
gani
zat
ion:
___
___
___
Sel
ectone:
a.chur
ch
b.bank
c.cul
t
d.school

Quest
ion2

Complete
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Quest
iont
ext

Thi
srefer
stoanat
uret
hatcar
ri
esexi
stent
ial
act
ual
i
tyandr
eal
i
tybyi
tsel
f.
Sel
ectone:
a.Subst
ance
b.Measur
ement
 c.Qual
i
ty
d.Quant
it
y

Quest
ion3

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00

Quest
iont
ext

Ref
erstoj
udgi
ngot
hercul
tur
esagai
nstt
hest
andar
dsofone’
scul
tur
e.
Sel
ectone:
a.Subcul
tur
e
b.Et
hnocent
ri
sm
c.Assi
mil
ati
on
d.Mul
ti
cul
tur
ali
sm

Quest
ion4

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Quest
iont
ext

Thi
sisconsi
der
edast
hef
ir
stactofi
ntel
l
ect
.
Sel
ectone:
a.Appr
ehensi
on
b.I
dea
c.Abst
ract
ion
d.Compr
ehensi
on

Quest
ion5

Complete
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00
Quest
iont
ext

Whoauthored“
Soci
etyi
nAmer
ica”
?
Sel
ectone:
a.Kar
lMar
x
b.Her
ber
tSpencer
c.Har
ri
etMar
ti
neau
d.August
eComt
e

Quest
ion6

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00

Quest
iont
ext

Whichtheor
ycl
aimst
hatsoci
alandeconomi
cfact
orsar
ethecausesofcr
ime?
Sel
ectone:
a.Powerel
i
te
b.Conf
li
ct
c.Label
l
ing
d.St
rai
n

Quest
ion7

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Quest
iont
ext

Theyusual
l
yacceptappr
ovedgoal
sbutdi
sregar
dinst
it
uti
onal
meanst
oachi
evet
hem.
Sel
ectone:
a.i
nnov
ator
s
 b.r
it
ual
i
sts
c.ext
remi
sts
d.conf
ormi
sts

Quest
ion8

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00

Quest
iont
ext

Wri
tt
enrulesofconductenact
edandenf
orcedbygov
ernment
.
Sel
ectone:
a.Taboo
b.Laws
c.Fol
kway
s
d.Mor
es

Quest
ion9

Complete
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00

Quest
iont
ext

I
ntangi
bleandt
hatwhi
chi
nfl
uencest
hebehav
ior
.
Sel
ectone:
a.Mega-
mat
eri
alcul
tur
e
b.Non-
mat
eri
alcul
tur
e
c.Noneoft
hechoi
ces
d.Mat
eri
alcul
tur
e

Quest
ion10

Complete
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00
Quest
iont
ext

Thi
sisdefi
nedast
hest
udyofhumanki
ndusi
ngf
act
s,hy
pot
hesi
s,and,
andt
heor
ies.
Sel
ectone:
a.Hi
stor
y
b.Pol
i
tical
Sci
ence
c.Ant
hropol
ogy
d.Soci
ology

Quest
ion11

Complete
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00

Quest
iont
ext

Thisdiscussest
henat
ureoft
het
ermsandpr
oposi
ti
onst
hatar
eusedi
nthedi
ff
erent
ty
pesof
i
nference.
Selectone:
a.I
nfor
mal
Logi
c
b.Logi
sti
cs
c.For
mal
Logi
c
d.Mat
eri
alLogi
c

Quest
ion12

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Quest
iont
ext

I
denti
fyt
het
ypeofsoci
algroup:
Iti
sasoci
alunitt
owhichi
ndi
vi
dual
sdonot
bel
ongduet
odif
fer
encesinsoci
alcat
egor
iesandwit
hwhicht
heydonoti
dent
if
y.
Sel
ectone:
a.Speci
alI
nter
estGr
oup
b.I
n-gr
oup
c.Out
-gr
oup
d.TaskFor
ce

Quest
ion13

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00

Quest
iont
ext

Thesoci
ologi
stwhof
ocusedoncl
assst
ruggl
es.
Sel
ectone:
a.August
eComt
e
b.Her
ber
tSpencer
c.Kar
lMar
x
d.Har
ri
etMar
ti
neau

Quest
ion14

Complete
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00

Quest
iont
ext

TRUEORFALSE:
Technol
ogy
,whenacqui
redbyasoci
ety
,causesi
ttochange.

Tr
ue
Answer
:

Quest
ion15

Complete
Mark1.00outof1.
00
Quest
iont
ext

Whatcomponentofcul
tur
einv
olv
esi
tsr
epr
esent
ati
onsofr
eal
i
ty?
Sel
ectone:
a.Language
b.Sy
mbol
s
c.Technol
ogy
d.Val
ues

Quest
ion16

Complete
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00

Quest
iont
ext

TRUEORFALSE:Indust
rialsoci
etyfocusesonhi
ghereducat
ionasr
equi
red
bytheadv
ancementoftechnology.

Fal
se
Answer
:

Quest
ion17

Complete
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00

Quest
iont
ext

Whatcomponentofcul
tur
emakeshumanl
i
feeasi
er(
forexampl
e,masspr
oduct
ionof
goods)?
Selectone:
a.Sy
mbol
s
b.Val
ues
 c.Language
d.Technol
ogy

Quest
ion18

Complete
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00

Quest
iont
ext

Thedomest
icat
ionofpl
ant
sandani
mal
sledt
othebi
rt
hofwhatsoci
ety
?
Sel
ectone:
a.Agr
icul
tur
alsoci
ety
b.Post
-i
ndust
ri
alsoci
ety
c.Hunt
ingandgat
her
ingsoci
ety
d.Hor
ti
cul
tur
alandPast
oral
Soci
ety

Quest
ion19

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Quest
iont
ext

Whichofthef
oll
owi
ngDOESNOTaf
fectone’
ssexual
ori
ent
ati
on?
Sel
ectone:
a.medi
a
b.f
ami
l
y
c.r
eli
gion
d.Noneoft
hechoi
ces

Quest
ion20

Complete
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Quest
iont
ext

Whi chkindofcri
mei
sanof
fensecommi
tt
edbyor
dinar
ypeopl
eagai
nstot
herpeopl
e
usuallyi
n
publicspaces?
Selectone:
a.Cor
por
ate
b.Whi
tecol
l
ar
c.Vi
cti
mless
d.St
reet

Quest
ion21

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Quest
iont
ext

TRUEORFALSE: Weberbel
i
ev esinpredest
inat
ionandGod’
sfav
or,
rel
i
gious
et
hicandt
ransf
ormedtowor kethic.

Tr
ue
Answer
:

Quest
ion22

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00

Quest
iont
ext

Whichofthef
oll
owi
ngi
sNOTanat
ureofAnt
hropol
ogy
?
Sel
ectone:
a.I
tiscommi
tt
edt
oexper
ienci
ngdi
ff
erentcul
tur
es.
b.I
tinv
olv
est
hest
udyofhumanki
ndusi
ngf
act
s,hy
pot
hesi
s,andt
heor
ies.
 c.I
tist
hest
udyofhumanki
nd.
d.I
tdeal
swi
thsy
stemsofgov
ernment
.

Quest
ion23

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00

Quest
iont
ext

I
denti
fythet
ypeofsoci
algroup:
Iti
sasoci
alunitt
owhichi
ndi
vi
dual
sdonot
bel
ongduetodif
fer
encesinsoci
alcat
egor
iesandwit
hwhicht
heydonoti
dent
if
y.
Sel
ectone:

a.Out
-gr
oup
b.TaskFor
ce
c.I
n-gr
oup
d.Speci
alI
nter
estGr
oup

Quest
ion24

Complete
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00

Quest
iont
ext

Whichofthef
oll
owi
ngi
sNOTanat
ureofSoci
ology
?
Sel
ectone:
a.I
tisanempi
ri
cal
sci
ence.
b.I
tai
mst
opr
ovi
deknowl
edgeandunder
standi
ngofhumansoci
ety
.
c.I
tisanor
mat
ivedi
sci
pli
ne.
d.I
tconcent
rat
esonman,
hissoci
albehav
ior
,soci
alact
ivi
ti
es,
andsoci
all
i
fe.

Quest
ion25

Complete
Mark1.00outof1.
00
Quest
iont
ext

Whichofthef
oll
owi
ngchar
act
eri
zest
het
erm“
Gemei
nschaf
t”?
Sel
ectone:
a.Rel
ati
onshi
pisi
ndi
vi
dual
i
sti
c,busi
ness-
li
ke,
secondar
yandr
ati
onal
i
zed.
b.Cul
tur
eishet
erogeneousandmor
eadv
anced.
c.Asoci
alsystem i
nwhichmostr
elat
ionshi
psar
eimper
sonal
,for
mal
,
contr
act
ualorbargai
n-l
ike
d.Asoci
alsy
stem i
nwhi
chmostr
elat
ionshi
psar
eper
sonal
andt
radi
ti
onal

Quest
ion26

Complete
Mark1.00outof1.
00

Quest
iont
ext

Thi
srefer
stot
hev
isi
blepar
toft
hecul
tur
e.
Sel
ectone:
a.Mat
eri
alcul
tur
e
b.Noneoft
hechoi
ces
c.I
mmat
eri
alcul
tur
e
d.Non-
mat
eri
alcul
tur
e

Quest
ion27

Complete
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00

Quest
iont
ext

Whoproposedt
hePhi
l
osophi
cal
posi
ti
onofposi
ti
vi
sm?
Sel
ectone:
 a.Kar
lMar
x
b.Her
ber
tSpencer
c.Har
ri
etMar
ti
neau
d.August
eComt
e

Quest
ion28

Complete
Mark1.00outof1.
00

Quest
iont
ext

Whichofthef
oll
owi
ngchar
act
eri
zest
het
erm“
Gemei
nschaf
t”?
Sel
ectone:
a.Asoci
alsy
stem i
nwhi
chmostr
elat
ionshi
psar
eper
sonal
and
t
radi
ti
onal b.Rel
ati
onshi
pisi
ndi
vi
dual
i
sti
c,busi
ness-
li
ke,
secondar
y
andr
ati
onal
i
zed. c.Cul
tur
eishet
erogeneousandmor
eadv
anced.
d.Asoci
alsystem i
nwhi
chmostr
elat
ionshi
psar
eimper
sonal
,for
mal
,
cont
ract
ualorbargai
n-l
i
ke

Quest
ion29

Complete
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Quest
iont
ext

Thesearer
ewar
dst
othosewhoconf
ormt
othenor
ms.
Sel
ectone:
a.f
ormal
sanct
ions
b.negat
iver
ewar
ds
c.negat
ivesanct
ions
d.posi
ti
vesanct
ions

Quest
ion30
Complete
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00

Quest
iont
ext

TRUEORFALSE: Lenskisaidt
hatsoci
ocul
tur
alev
olut
ioni
sthechanget
hatoccur
sasa
soci
etyacqui
resnewt echnol
ogy.

Tr
ue
Answer
:

Quest
ion31

Complete
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00

Quest
iont
ext

Thisisasoci al
sciencethati
sconcernedwi
thhumancul
tur
easwel
last
hephy
sical
andsoci al
characteri
sti
csthatcreat
ethecul
ture.
Selectone:
a.Soci
ology
b.Pol
i
tical
Sci
ence
c.Ant
hropol
ogy
d.Hi
stor
y

Quest
ion32

Complete
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00

Quest
iont
ext

Thisistheprocessbywhi
chpeopl
elear
nfr
om ot
her
s’ski
l
ls,
knowl
edge,
nor
ms,
and
valuesof
theirsoci
ety
.
Selectone:
 a.Dev
iance
b.Cogni
ti
veDev
elopment
c.Ci
vi
lDi
sobedi
ence
d.Soci
ali
zat
ion

Quest
ion33

Complete
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00

Quest
iont
ext

Whichofthef
oll
owi
ngi
sNOTTRUEaboutsoci
ali
zat
ion?
Sel
ectone:
a.Soci
ali
zat
ioni
saf
orm ofsoci
alcont
rol
.
b.Soci
ali
zat
ioni
sthest
ateofbei
ngi
sol
atedf
rom agr
ouporanact
ivi
ty.
c.Soci
ali
zat
ionhel
psi
nest
abl
i
shi
ngone’
sident
it
y.
d.Soci
ali
zat
ioni
scont
inui
ngt
hroughoutone’
sli
fet
ime.

Quest
ion34

Complete
Mark1.00outof1.
00

Quest
iont
ext

Whichofthef
oll
owi
ngi
sTRUEaboutMor
alDev
elopmentTheor
y?
Sel
ectone:
a.Mor
aldev
elopmenti
showaboutexpect
ati
onsf
ormt
heacqui
sit
ionofsoci
alr
oles.
b.Mor
alDev
elopmenti
sacont
inual
processt
hatoccur
sthr
oughoutt
hel
i
fespan.
c.Theunconsci
ousmi
dshapest
hemor
albehav
iorofaper
son.
d.Mor
alDev
elopmenthappensi
ndi
ff
erentst
agesofcogni
ti
vedev
elopment
.

Quest
ion35
Complete
Mark1.00outof1.
00

Quest
iont
ext

I
denti
fyt
hetypeofsoci
algr
oup:
Iti
sthemostf
undament
aluni
tofhumansoci
ety
.
Sel
ectone:
a.Soci
algr
oupaccor
dingt
opur
pose
b.Soci
algr
oupaccor
dingt
ofor
m
c.Soci
algr
oupaccor
dingt
osel
f-
i
denti
fi
cat
ion d.Soci
algr
oupaccor
dingt
o
t
ies

Quest
ion36

Complete
Mark1.00outof1.
00

Quest
iont
ext

Whichofthef
oll
owi
ngi
sNOTt
rueaboutt
henat
ureofsoci
ology
?
Sel
ectone:
a.Soci
ologyi
ssci
ence.
b.Soci
ologyi
saphy
sical
sci
ence.
c.Soci
ologyi
sacat
egor
ical
disci
pli
ne.
d.Soci
ologyi
sasoci
alsci
ence.

Quest
ion37

Complete
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00

Quest
iont
ext
I
denti
fyt
hetypeofsoci
algr
oup:
Itar
isesspont
aneousl
youtoft
hei
nter
act
ionsoft
woor
more
per
sons.
Sel
ectone:
a.For
mal
Group
b.I
nfor
mal
Group
c.Secondar
yGr
oup
d.Pr
imar
yGr
oup

Quest
ion38

Complete
Mark1.00outof1.
00

Quest
iont
ext

All
thefol
lowi
ngst
atement
schar
act
eri
zea“
Gessel
schaf
t”t
ypeofsoci
algr
oupEXCEPT:
Sel
ectone:
a.Cul
tur
eishomogeneousandt
radi
ti
onal
-bound.
b.Cul
tur
eishet
erogeneousandmor
eadv
anced.
c.Asoci
alsyst
em i
nwhi chmostr
elat
ionshi
psar
eimper
sonal
,for
mal
,
sontr
act
uaalorbar
gai
n-l
ike
d.Rel
ati
onshi
pisi
ndi
vi
dual
i
sti
c,busi
ness-
li
ke,
secondar
yandr
ati
onal
i
zed.

Quest
ion39

Complete
Mark1.00outof1.
00

Quest
iont
ext

Whichofthef
oll
owi
ngwor
dDOESNOTbel
ongt
othi
sgr
oup?
Sel
ectone:
a.f
ami
l
y
b.massmedi
a
c.r
eli
gion
 d.her
edi
ty

Quest
ion40

Complete
Mark1.00outof1.
00

Quest
iont
ext

Thisr
efer
stot
hemodi
fi
cat
ionoft
hesubst
anceast
her
esul
toft
hei
nfl
uenceofanot
her
agent
.
Sel
ectone:
a.Passi
on
b.Act
ion
c.Habi
t
d.Post
ure

Quest
ion41

Complete
Mark1.00outof1.
00

Quest
iont
ext

Thi
sisdefi
nedasanyv
iol
ati
onoft
hest
andar
dsofasoci
ety
.
Sel
ectone:
a.Cogni
ti
veDev
elopment
b.Dev
iance
c.Soci
ali
zat
ion
d.Ci
vi
lDi
sobedi
ence

Quest
ion42

Complete
Mark1.00outof1.
00
Quest
iont
ext

Thi
sisrefer
redt
oast
hement
alpr
oductofappr
ehensi
on.
Sel
ectone:
a.Compr
ehensi
on
b.I
ntui
ti
on
c.Abst
ract
ion
d.I
dea

Quest
ion43

Complete
Mark1.00outof1.
00

Quest
iont
ext

I
denti
fythet
ypeofsoci
algr
oup:
Iti
sthemostf
undament
aluni
tofhumansoci
ety
.
Sel
ectone:
a.Soci
algr
oupaccor
dingt
osel
f-
ident
if
icat
ion
b.Soci
algr
oupaccor
dingt
ofor
m
c.Soci
algr
oupaccor
dingt
oti
es
d.Soci
algr
oupaccor
dingt
opur
pose

Quest
ion44

Complete
Mark1.00outof1.
00

Quest
iont
ext

Ident
ifythet
ypeofsoci
algr
oup:
Iti
sdel
i
ber
atel
yfor
medandt
hei
rpur
poseandobj
ect
ives
are
expli
citl
ydefi
ned.
Selectone:
a.Pr
imar
yGr
oup
b.Secondar
yGr
oup
 c.For
mal
Group
d.I
nfor
mal
Group

Quest
ion45

Complete
Mark1.00outof1.
00

Quest
iont
ext

Theki
ndofsoci
etyt
hatdi
spl
aysahi
ghl
evel
ofi
nter
dependenceamongi
tsmember
s.
Sel
ectone:
a.Hunt
ingandgat
her
ingsoci
ety
b.Post
-i
ndust
ri
alsoci
ety
c.Agr
icul
tur
alsoci
ety
d.Past
oral
Soci
ety

Quest
ion46

Complete
Mark1.00outof1.
00

Quest
iont
ext

Thi
sexpressesat
ermt
hati
susedi
nani
dent
ical
sense.
Sel
ectone:
a.Equi
vocal
b.Anal
ogous
c.Uni
vocal
d.Monogamy

Quest
ion47

Complete
Mark1.00outof1.
00
Quest
iont
ext

I
denti
fythet
ypeofsoci
algr
oup:
Itsexampl
esi
ncl
udef
ami
l
iesandpl
aygr
oups.
Sel
ectone:
a.Soci
algr
oupaccor
dingt
ofor
m
b.Soci
algr
oupaccor
dingt
opur
pose
c.Soci
algr
oupaccor
dingt
oti
es
d.Soci
algr
oupaccor
dingt
osel
f-
ident
if
icat
ion

Quest
ion48

Complete
Mark1.00outof1.
00

Quest
iont
ext

Whichofthef
oll
owi
ngi
sconsi
der
eda“
taboo”
?
Sel
ectone:
a.addi
cti
on
b.sl
aver
y
c.abor
ti
on
d.al
loft
hechoi
ces

Quest
ion49

Complete
Mark1.00outof1.
00

Quest
iont
ext

Sociologyisconsider
edasa___
__social
sciencewhenmosttheor
iesar
ebasedon
poll
s,
stati
stical
analy
sis,sampl
i
ng,
andlargecoll
ecti
onsofl
if
ehi
stori
es.
Selectone:
 a.Quant
it
ati
ve
b.Descr
ipt
ive
c.Repet
it
ive
d.Qual
i
tat
ive

Quest
ion50

Complete
Mark1.00outof1.
00

Quest
iont
ext

Jobspeci
ali
zat
ionwasi
ncr
easedi
nthi
ssoci
ety
.
Sel
ectone:
a.Post
-i
ndust
ri
alsoci
ety
b.Past
oral
Soci
ety
c.Hunt
ingandgat
her
ingsoci
ety
d.Agr
icul
tur
alsoci
ety

Sav
ethest
ateoft
hef
lags

Fi
nishr
evi
ew
Ski
pQuiznav
igat
ion

Qui
znav
igat
ion