Presented by:

Prof. Janhavi Bhavsar

Late Shri. Vishnu Waman Thakur Charitable Trust's

VIVA SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE
Affiliated to University of Mumbai &
Approved by Council of Architecture (CoA), New Delhi

Building Services – Semester 3

Design of water storage tanks, and
down take pipes
 Various components
of water storage tanks
 Manholes
 Free board
 Inlet pipes
 Ball cock
 Catch Rings and Ladders
 Overflow pipe
 Vent Pipes
 Scour Pipe
 Pump room with pumps

Semester 3 Design of water storage tanks, and Prof. Janhavi Bhavsar

Building Services At, Viva School of Architecture
down take pipes
Semester 3 Design of water storage tanks, and Prof. Janhavi Bhavsar
Building Services At, Viva School of Architecture
down take pipes
Semester 3 Design of water storage tanks, and Prof. Janhavi Bhavsar
Building Services At, Viva School of Architecture
down take pipes
Semester 3 Design of water storage tanks, and Prof. Janhavi Bhavsar
Building Services At, Viva School of Architecture
down take pipes
Specifications for storage tanks
Seepage
The tank should have a durable, watertight, opaque exterior and a
clean, smooth interior.

In RCC tanks, concrete should be rich in cement content i.e. water-

cement ratio should be low. Preferably M30 or higher grade of
concrete is used.

Evaporation
All water storage tanks should be properly covered from the top to
avoid evaporation of water.

Semester 3 Design of water storage tanks, and Prof. Janhavi Bhavsar

Building Services At, Viva School of Architecture
down take pipes
Specifications for storage tanks
 The underground tanks should not be located in low lying areas or
near any public or private sewer, septic tank, leaching pool or
soakage pit to prevent any contamination.

 The top slab of the tank must be suitable sloped away from its,
centre for proper drainage of the rainwater.

 If the storage capacity required is more than 50001, it is

advantageous to arrange it in a series of tanks so interconnected
that each tank can be isolated for cleaning and inspection without
interfering with the supply of water.

Semester 3 Design of water storage tanks, and Prof. Janhavi Bhavsar

Building Services At, Viva School of Architecture
down take pipes
Specifications for storage tanks
 In case of overhead tanks, bottom of the tanks shall be placed clear
off the terrace slab such that the elevation difference between the
outlet pipe of the tank and the highest fixture at the top floor of the
building is minimum 2 m, which shall also prevent leakage into the
structural slab.

 In tall buildings, the top of the tank shall be provided with the safe
ladder or staircase.

 The top slab shall be provided with railing or a parapet wall.

Semester 3 Design of water storage tanks, and Prof. Janhavi Bhavsar

Building Services At, Viva School of Architecture
down take pipes
 Maintenance
 Storage tanks shall be regularly inspected and shall be cleaned out
periodically, if necessary.

 Tanks showing signs of corrosion shall be emptied, thoroughly wire brushed

to remove loose material (but not scraped), cleaned and coated with suitable
bituminous compositions or other suitable anticorrosive material not liable to
impart taste or odour or otherwise contaminate the water.

 Before cleaning the tanks, the outlets shall be plugged to prevent debris from
entering the pipes. Tanks shall be examined for metal wastage and water
tightness after cleaning.

 All valves shall periodically be operated to maintain free movement of the

working parts.

Semester 3 Design of water storage tanks, and Prof. Janhavi Bhavsar

Building Services At, Viva School of Architecture
down take pipes
 Maintenance
 Record drawings showing pipe layout and valve positions shall be kept up to
date and inspection undertaken to ensure that any maintenance work has
not introduced cross-connections or any other undesirable feature.

 Any addition or alterations to the systems shall be duly recorded from time-
to-time.

 Any temporary attachment fixed to a tap or outlet shall never be left in such
a position that back-siphonage of polluted water may occur into the supply
system.

 All overflow pipes shall be examined and kept free from obstructions.

 The electrical installation shall be checked for earth continuity and any
defects or deficiencies corrected in the case of hot water supply installations.

Semester 3 Design of water storage tanks, and Prof. Janhavi Bhavsar

Building Services At, Viva School of Architecture
down take pipes
 Disinfection of Storage Tanks & down take pipes
 The storage tanks and pipes is filled with water and thoroughly flushed out.
 The storage tank shall then be filled with water again and a disinfecting chemical
containing chlorine is gradually added while the tanks are being filled, to ensure
thorough mixing.
 The powder is mixed with water to a creamy consistency before being added to the
water in the storage tank.
 When the storage tank is full, the supply is stopped and all the taps on the
distributing pipes opened.
 Each taps are closed when the water discharged begins to smell of chlorine.
 The bleach is allowed to remain in the system for around 12 hrs or sometimes more
 Finally, the tank and pipes is thoroughly flushed out before any water is used for
domestic purposes.

Semester 3 Design of water storage tanks, and Prof. Janhavi Bhavsar

Building Services At, Viva School of Architecture
down take pipes
 Cleaning of water storage tank

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EzDbuSFAG4g – water tank cleaning process

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GaLiYCaHq4Y – how to eliminate algae growth in water tanks

Semester 3 Design of water storage tanks, and Prof. Janhavi Bhavsar

Building Services At, Viva School of Architecture
down take pipes
 Water Distribution System

Semester 3 Design of water storage tanks, and Prof. Janhavi Bhavsar

Building Services At, Viva School of Architecture
down take pipes
 Requirements of Good Distribution System

 Provide even distribution with sufficient Pressure

 Should be efficient during fire fighting

 Cost effective and Economical

 Easy to operate and maintain

 Should be safe against water pollution, failure and damages

Semester 3 Design of water storage tanks, and Prof. Janhavi Bhavsar

Building Services At, Viva School of Architecture
down take pipes
 Water Distribution system- components
 Pipes – for distributing the water

 Valves – For controlling water flow

 Hydrants – for releasing water during fire breakouts

 Meters – for measuring the water consumption

 Pumps – for lifting water

 Water tanks – for storing water

Semester 3 Design of water storage tanks, and Prof. Janhavi Bhavsar

Building Services At, Viva School of Architecture
down take pipes
 Factors Influencing Selection of Water Distribution
Pipe Size in Buildings
 Cost effectiveness

 Pressure at the source of water

supply

 types and number of fixtures and

flow that is needed.

 Required pressure at each outlet

fixture

 Total length of water distribution

pipes.
Semester 3 Design of water storage tanks, and Prof. Janhavi Bhavsar
Building Services At, Viva School of Architecture
down take pipes
 Pipes Materials

Metallic pipes Cement pipes Plastic pipes

• Steel pipes • Concrete pipes • Plasticised polyvinyl
• Galvanised • Asbestos pipes chloride (PVC) pipes
iron pipes • medium density
• Cast iron pipes polyethylene (MDPE)
• Copper pipes • medium density
polyethylene cross
linked (PEX)

Semester 3 Design of water storage tanks, and Prof. Janhavi Bhavsar

Building Services At, Viva School of Architecture
down take pipes
 Specifications for pipes
 Water supply pipes should be suitable for the expected
temperatures and pressures.

 Pipe materials and components must not contaminate potable

water.

 They should be suitable for the ground conditions and local

climate.

 Should able to withstand UV effects (if used outdoors).

 Pipes should be durable, ease to install, and cost effective.

Semester 3 Design of water storage tanks, and Prof. Janhavi Bhavsar

Building Services At, Viva School of Architecture
down take pipes
 Valves

 Valves are used to stop and

regulate the flow of water.

 Most valves are available in

different materials, including
bronze, brass, and PVC plastic.

Semester 3 Design of water storage tanks, and Prof. Janhavi Bhavsar

Building Services At, Viva School of Architecture
down take pipes
 Gate Valve
 Gate valves are among the most commonly used
valves in plumbing applications.

 Gate valves are designed to be fully open

(allowing full flow) or fully closed (stopping the
flow entirely).

 Gate valves are very reliable for closing off the

water supply, and they are commonly used as
shutoff valves on main and branch water supply
lines.

 They are most commonly used in applications

where the water needs to be shut off only
infrequently.

Semester 3 Design of water storage tanks, and Prof. Janhavi Bhavsar

Building Services At, Viva School of Architecture
down take pipes
 Ball Valve
 Ball valves are most reliable type of valve and are
commonly used for main water shutoffs and for
branch line shutoffs.

 Like gate valves, a ball valve is designed to be

either fully open to allow full flow, or fully closed
to stop all water flow.

 This valve is connected with a lever-type outer

handle, when the handle is parallel to the water
supply pipe, the valve is open; when it is
perpendicular, the valve is closed.

 This handle serves as a handy visual aid so you

know at a glance whether the water is ON or OFF.

Semester 3 Design of water storage tanks, and Prof. Janhavi Bhavsar

Building Services At, Viva School of Architecture
down take pipes
Globe Valve
 Globe valves are used to regulate or
throttle the flow of water in plumbing
applications.

 Globe valves are usually installed when the

flow of water needs to be regulated or
when it needs to be adjusted regularly.

 This valve has a stem that can be used to

precisely control the volume of water
flowing through the valve.

 Because globe valves are good for regulating flow, they are often
used for outdoor faucets (hose bibs) and similar utility faucets.
Semester 3 Design of water storage tanks, and Prof. Janhavi Bhavsar
Building Services At, Viva School of Architecture
down take pipes
 Butterfly Valve
 Butterfly valves are used to precisely
adjust the volume of flow.

 Butterfly valves are used primarily in

industrial applications and are not
commonly found in household plumbing
systems

 One notable drawback of a butterfly

valve is that the gasket inside the valve
can present maintenance issues after a
few years.

Semester 3 Design of water storage tanks, and Prof. Janhavi Bhavsar

Building Services At, Viva School of Architecture
down take pipes
 Fixture Shut off Valve (Stop Valve)
 Fixture shutoff valves are small
valves with small twist handles or
knobs, used to control water flow to
individual plumbing fixtures, such as
faucets and toilets.

 Shut off valves allow you to work on

a faucet or other fixture without
having to shut off the water to the
whole house at the main shutoff
valve.

Semester 3 Design of water storage tanks, and Prof. Janhavi Bhavsar

Building Services At, Viva School of Architecture
down take pipes
 Pressure-Reducing Valve
 Water pressure-reducing valves are installed to reduce
the overall water pressure in a plumbing system to the
desired or accepted limits.

 They normally have a spring and diaphragm that is

adjusted to a specific limit, depending on the pressure
of the water supply.

 Pressure-reducing valves are not used to open or close

the water flow, but rather to throttle it down to reduce
overall water pressure.

 They are commonly used in homes that receive

relatively high-pressure water from the municipal
water supply, where the pressure might be sufficient to
damage house plumbing systems and appliances.

Semester 3 Design of water storage tanks, and Prof. Janhavi Bhavsar

Building Services At, Viva School of Architecture
down take pipes
Check Valve
A check valve is a specialty valve used to keep water
flowing in one direction only and prevent flow in the
opposite direction.

These valves are used in outdoor faucets and on lawn

sprinkler systems

Air Valves
Air valve used to release this free air is known as
an air release valve.

The safe and efficient operation of a liquid piping system is

dependent on the continual removal of air and wastewater
gases from the liquid piping system.

Semester 3 Design of water storage tanks, and Prof. Janhavi Bhavsar

Building Services At, Viva School of Architecture
down take pipes
 Water pumps & water pressure
 They are machines for moving water
 Residential water pressure tends to range between 45 and 80 psi (pounds per
square inch).
 Pressures above 80 psi are too high which carries with it a significantly
increased risk of damage to pipes, joints, fixtures and seals - not to mention
increased water waste.
 Whereas low water pressure is more of a nuisance than a serious problem
(some fixtures, like washing machines, have minimum pressure requirements).

Semester 3 Design of water storage tanks, and Prof. Janhavi Bhavsar

Building Services At, Viva School of Architecture
down take pipes
 Water Pumps
and
water pressure

Semester 3 Design of water storage tanks, and Prof. Janhavi Bhavsar

Building Services At, Viva School of Architecture
down take pipes
 Cold & Hot water distribution
System

Semester 3 Design of water storage tanks, and Prof. Janhavi Bhavsar

Building Services At, Viva School of Architecture
down take pipes
Semester 3 Design of water storage tanks, and Prof. Janhavi Bhavsar
Building Services At, Viva School of Architecture
down take pipes
 Water Distribution
Layouts Terrace
level

Semester 3 Design of water storage tanks, and Prof. Janhavi Bhavsar

Building Services At, Viva School of Architecture
down take pipes
 Water Distribution Layout Inside bathroom

Semester 3 Design of water storage tanks, and Prof. Janhavi Bhavsar

Building Services At, Viva School of Architecture
down take pipes
 Thank you

Semester 3 Design of water storage tanks, and Prof. Janhavi Bhavsar

Building Services At, Viva School of Architecture
down take pipes