Science Notes
Science Notes
Syllabus
Session (2020-2021)
Note:
1.Copy rights are reserved. Nobody is allowed to edit it in any form. Defaulters
will be prosecuted.
2. Subject to change in the syllabi at any time. Please visit the Khalsa College
website time to time.
72
Semester – I
Marks Page
Sr. Paper Code Paper Name Theory Practical Internal Total No.
No. Assessment
1 Paper–I Introduction to 56 - 19 75 73
Programming -C
Unit -I
Fundamentals: Character set, Identifiers and Key Words, Data types, Constants, Variables,
Expressions, Statements, Symbolic Constants.
Operations and Expressions: Arithmetic operators, Unary operators, Relational Operators,
Logical Operators, Assignment and Conditional Operators, Library functions. Data Input and
Output statements
Control Statements: Preliminaries, While, Do–while and For statements, Nested loops, If–
else, Switch, Break – Continue statements.
Program Structure Storage Class: Automatic, external and static variables, multiple
programs, more about library functions.
Unit -II
Functions: Brief overview, defining, accessing functions, passing arguments to
function,specifying argument data types, function prototypes,recursion.
Arrays: Defining, processing an array, passing arrays to a function, multi–dimensional
arrays.
Strings: String declaration, string functions and string manipulation
Structures & Unions: Defining and processing a structure, user defined data types, structures
and pointers, passing structures to functions, self-referenced structure, unions.
Pointers: Fundamentals, pointer declaration, passing pointer to a function, pointer and one
dimensional arrays, operation on pointers, pointers & multi–dimensional arrays of pointers,
passing functions, other functions, more about pointer declarations.
References:
1. Balaguruswamy: “Programming in ANSIC”.
2. Scaum Outline Series: “Programming inC”.
3. Dennis & Ritchie: “Programming inC”.
4. Stephen G. Kochar: “CProgramming”.
74
UNIT-I
Introduction to Computers and its Applications:
Computer as a system, basic concepts, functional units and their inter relation.
Milestones in Hardware and Software.
Batch oriented / on–line / real time applications.
Application of computers.
UNIT-II
Data Storage Devices and Media: Primary storage (Storage addresses and capacity, type of
memory), Secondary storage, Magnetic storage devices and Optical Storage Devices
Presentation Software: Presentation overview, entering information, Presentation creation,
opening and saving presentation, inserting audio and video
Spreadsheet: Spreadsheet overview, Editing, Formatting, Creating formulas, Graphs.
Any Open Source Software like Apache Open Office, Libre Office, Google Docs or Microsoft
Office may be used.
75
References:
1. Computer Fundamentals – P.K. Sinha.
2. Introduction to Computers – N. Subramanian.
3. Introduction to Computers – Peter Norton Mcgraw Hill.
4. MS–Office _ BPB Publications.
5. Windows Based Computer Courses _ Gurvinder Singh & Rachpal Singh, Kalyani Pub.
6. Ebooks at OpenOffice.org
7. A Conceptual guide to OpenOffice.org3, 2 nd Edition, R. Gabriel Gurley
76
Recommended Books:
1. Oxford Guide to Effective Writing and Speaking by John Seely.
2. The Written Word by Vandana R Singh, Oxford University Press
78
SEMESTER-I
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(lyKk dw jIvn Aqy rcnw/swr/ivSw-vsqU)
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s. s. Amol (sMpw.), pMjwbI swihq pRkwSn, AMimRqsr[
(inbMD 1 qoN 6 qk swr/ ivSw-vsqU/SYlI)
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aup-BwSwvW dy pCwx-icMnH
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Anuswr ienHW AMkW qoN v`KrI hovygI[ ies pypr dy kul AMk 37+13 = 50 hn[
80
M. Marks: 75
Practical Marks: 56
Practical Internal Assessment Marks: 19
UNIT–I
Meaning of Drug Abuse
Meaning, Nature and Extent of Drug Abuse in India and Punjab.
UNIT-II
Consequences of Drug Abuse for:
Individual : Education, Employment, Income.
Family : Violence.
Society : Crime.
Nation : Law and Order problem.
UNIT-III
Management of Drug Abuse
Medical Management: Medication for treatment and to reduce withdrawal effects.
UNIT-IV
Psychiatric Management: Counseling, Behavioral and Cognitive therapy.
Social Management: Family, Group therapy and Environmental Intervention.
82
References:
1. Ahuja, Ram (2003), Social Problems in India, Rawat Publication, Jaipur.
2. Extent, Pattern and Trend of Drug Use in India, Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment, Government of
India, 2004.
3. Inciardi, J.A. 1981. The Drug Crime Connection. Beverly Hills: Sage Publications. 23
4. Kapoor. T. (1985) Drug epidemic among Indian Youth, New Delhi: Mittal Pub.
5. Modi, Ishwar and Modi, Shalini (1997) Drugs: Addiction and Prevention, Jaipur: Rawat
Publication.
6. National Household Survey of Alcohol and Drug abuse. (2003) New Delhi, Clinical
Epidemiological Unit, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, 2004.
7. Randhawa, J.K. and Randhawa, Samreet 2018. Drug Abuse-Management and Prevention.
Kasturi Lal & Sons, Educational Publishers, Amritsar- Jalandhar.
8. Sain, Bhim 1991, Drug Addiction Alcoholism, Smoking obscenity New Delhi: Mittal
Publications.
9. Sandhu, Ranvinder Singh, 2009, Drug Addiction in Punjab: A Sociological Study. Amritsar: Guru Nanak Dev
University.
10. Singh, Chandra Paul 2000. Alcohol and Dependence among Industrial Workers: Delhi: Shipra.
11. Sussman, S and Ames, S.L. (2008). Drug Abuse: Concepts, Prevention and Cessation,
Cambridge University Press.
12. World Drug Report 2010, United Nations office of Drug and Crime.
13. World Drug Report 2011, United Nations office of Drug and Crime.
1. Jasjit Kaur Randhawa & Samreet Randhawa, “Drug Abuse Problem, Management & Prevention”, KLS,
ISBN No. 978-81-936570-8-9, (2019).
2. Jasjit Kaur Randhawa, “Drug Abuse -Management & Prevention”, KLS, ISBN No. 978-93-81278-80-2,
(2018).
3. Rama Gandotra & Jasjit Kaur Randhawa, “voZrI d[otos'A^(BPky'oh) gqpzXB ns/
o'eEkw”, KLS, ISBN No. 978-93-81278-87-1, (2018).
4. Jasjit Kaur Randhawa & Samreet Randhawa, “Drug Abuse-Problem, Management & Prevention”, KLS,
ISBN No. 978-81-936570-6-5, (2018).
5. Jasjit Kaur Randhawa & Samreet Randhawa, “voZrI d[otos'A^(BPky'oh) ;wZf;nk,
gqpzXB ns/ o'eEkw”, KLS, ISBN No. 978-81-936570-7-1, (2018).
83
UNIT-I
Programming Paradigms: Introduction to the object oriented approach towards
programmingby discussing Traditional, Structured Programming methodology.
Objects & Classes: Object Definition, Instance, Encapsulation, Data Hiding,
Abstraction,Inheritance, Messages, Method, Polymorphism, Classes, Candidate & Abstract
Classes to beexamples of the Design process.
Object Oriented Programming using C++: Characteristics of OOP, Overview of C++,
I/Ousing cout and cin, Objects and Classes, Member functions and data, private &
public,constructor & destructor, Constructor Overloading, Types of Constructors.
UNIT-II
Function Overloading: Function Overloading, Default Arguments, Ambiguity in Function
Overloading.
Operator Overloading: Overloading unary and binary operators, Type Conversion
usingOperator Overloading
Inheritance: Concept of inheritance, Base & derived classes, Access Specifiers,
ClassHierarchies, Types of Inheritance with examples.
Virtual Functions and Polymorphism: Virtual functions, friend functions, static function,
thispointer, polymorphism, Types of Polymorphism with examples, templates, class templates.
References:
1. Teach yourself C++, Herbert Schildth, Tata McGraw Hill.
2. Designing Object Oriented Software Rebacca Wirfs - Brock Brian Wilerson, PHI.
3. Object Oriented Programming in Turbo C++, Robert Lafore, Galgotia Publication.
4. Designing Object Oriented Applications using C++ & Booch Method, Robert C. Martin.
85
UNIT-I
1. Number Systems
Introduction to & Subtraction), Binary Codes:(BCD,Excess-3,Gray codes, ASCII), Binary
Storage and Registers Decimal, Binary, Octal and Hexadecimal Numbers. Complements.
Signed Binary Numbers(Arithmetic Addition.
2. Boolean Algebra and Logic Gates
Basic Definitions: Postulates and theorems of Boolean Algebra, Boolean Functions,
Canonical and Standard Forms, De-Morgan’s Theorem Reducing Boolean expressions,
Digital Logic Gates: (AND, OR NOT ,NAND, NOR, EX-OR, EX- NOR), Implementations
using Basic Gates, Universal Gates
3. Minimization Techniques
Canonical and Standard forms SOP and POS of Boolean functions , K-Maps simplifications
up to Five-Variable Map, Sum of Product and Product of Sums Simplification, Don't-Care
Conditions.
UNIT-II
4. Combinational Logic
Half Adder and Full Adder , Binary Adder- Subtractor, Decimal Adder, Comparator,
Decoders, Encoders, Multiplexers.
5. Synchronous Sequential Logic
Sequential Circuits, Latches, Flip-Flops(SR,JK,JK Master Slave D and T-type). Negative edge
and Positive edge triggered clocks
6. Registers and Counters
Shift Registers:(Serial-in Serial-out, Serial-in Parallel-out, Parallel-in Serial-out, Parallel-in
Parallel-out), Ripple Counters, Synchronous and Asynchronous Counters, Mod counters
up/down counters
7. Memory and Programmable Logic
Introduction, Random-Access Memory, Memory Decoding, Error Detection and Correction,
Read-Only Memory, Programmable Array Logic.
86
References:
UNIT-I
Introduction:
1. Numerical Methods, Numerical methods versus numerical analysis, Errors and Measures of
Errors.
2. Non–linear Equations, Iterative Solutions, Multiple roots and other difficulties, Interpolation
methods, Methods of bi–section, False position method, Newton Raphson – Method.
3. Simultaneous Solution of Equations, Gauss Elimination Method Gauss Jordan Method.
5. Numerical Integration and different method Trapezoidal Rule, Simpson’s 3/8 Rule.
UNIT- III
Statistical Techniques:
1. Measure of Central Tendency, Mean Arithmetic, Mean geometric, Mean harmonic,
Mean,Median, Mode.
2. Measures of dispersion, Mean deviation, Standard deviation, Co–efficient of variation.
3. Correlation for Bivariate data,Types of Correlation,Karl Pearson’s Correlation and rank
correlation.
88
References:
1. Integrated Electronics by Millman, Halkias McGraw Hill.
2. Malvino: Digital Computer Electronics, McGraw Hill.
3. D.A. Hodges & H.G. Jackson, Analysis and Design of Integrated Circuits, International, 1983.
4. Joph. F. Wakerley, Digital Principles and Practices.
5. Ujjenbeck, John: Digital Electronics: A Modern Approach, Prentice Hall, 1994.
6. Mano, M. Morris: Digital Logic and Computer Design, Edition, 1993
7. Electronics by R.K Gaur
89
Prescribed Book:
Murphy’s English Grammar (by Raymond Murphy) CUP
Recommended Books:
1. Oxford Guide to Effective Writing and Speaking by John Seely.
2. The Written Word by Vandana R Singh, Oxford University Press
90
SEMESTER-II
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smW : 3 GMty iQaUrI AMk : 37
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ku`l AMk : 50
pwT-kRm
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swihq dy rMg (Bwg dUjw - vwrqk Aqy ryKw-ic`qr)
fw. mihl isMG (sMpw.), rvI swihq pRkwSn, AMimRqsr[
(iksy lyK Aqy ryKw-ic`qr dw swr/ivSw-vsqU/nwiek ibMb)
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ieiqhwisk XwdW
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(inbMD 7 qoN 12 qk swr/ ivSw-vsqU/SYlI)
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(A) Sbd-SRyxIAW
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AMkW qoN v`KrI hovygI[ ies pypr dy ku`l AMk 37+13 = 50 hn[
91
Total Marks: 75
Practical Marks: 56
Practical Internal Assessment M: 19
UNIT-I
Prevention of Drug abuse
Role of family: Parent child relationship, Family support, Supervision, Shaping values, Active
Scrutiny.
UNIT-II
School: Counseling, Teacher as role-model. Parent-teacher-Health Professional Coordination,
Random testing on students.
UNIT-III
Controlling Drug Abuse
Media: Restraint on advertisements of drugs, advertisements on bad effects of drugs, Publicity
and media, Campaigns against drug abuse, Educational and awareness program
UNIT-IV
Legislation: NDPs act, Statutory warnings, Policing of Borders, Checking Supply/Smuggling
of Drugs, Strict enforcement of laws, Time bound trials.
References:
1. Extent, Pattern and Trend of Drug Use in India, Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment, Government
of India, 2004.
2. Gandotra, R. and Randhawa, J.K. 2018. voZrI d[otos'A (BPky'oh) gqpzXB ns o'eEkw. Kasturi Lal & Sons,
Educational Publishers, Amritsar- Jalandhar.
3. Inciardi, J.A. 1981. The Drug Crime Connection. Beverly Hills: Sage Publications.
94
4. Modi, Ishwar and Modi, Shalini (1997) Drugs: Addiction and Prevention, Jaipur: Rawat
Publication.
5.Randhawa, J.K. and Randhawa, Samreet 2018. Drug Abuse-Management and Prevention.
Kasturi Lal & Sons, Educational Publishers, Amritsar- Jalandhar.
6. Sain, Bhim 1991, Drug Addiction Alcoholism, Smoking obscenity New Delhi: Mittal
Publications.
7. Sandhu, Ranvinder Singh, 2009, Drug Addiction in Punjab: A Sociological Study.
Amritsar: Guru Nanak Dev University.
8. Singh, Chandra Paul 2000. Alcohol and Dependence among Industrial Workers: Delhi: Shipra.
9. World Drug Report 2011, United Nations office of Drug and Crime.
10. World Drug Report 2010, United Nations office of Drug and Crime
95
2 Paper–II Database 56 19 - 75 97
Management
System
3 Paper–III Computational 56 19 - 75 98
Problem
Solving Using
Python
4 Paper–IV *Environmental 37 13 - 50 99-100
Studies – I
(Compulsory)
UNIT-I
Information Representation: Register Transfer, Various Registers, Implementing Common
Bus Using Multiplexers: Logical; Arithmetic & Shift Micro – operations.
Basic Computer Design Instruction Codes, Interfacing various Registers, Computer
Instructions, Timing Signals, Instruction Cycle, Design of a Basic Computer.
CPU Design Stack Organized CPU, Instruction Formats, Addressing Modes.
UNIT-II
CPU Design Program Control,Hardwired & Microprogrammed (Wilhe’s Design) Control
Unit.
Memory Organization Memory Hierarchy, Designs & Concepts of Main Memory, Auxiliary
Memory, Associative Memory, Cache and Virtual Memory.
I/O Organization I/O Interface, Modes of Transfer, Program Interrupt, DMA & I/O Processor.
Pipeline & Vector Processing Parallel Processing Pipelining, Parallel & Distributed
Computers, SISD, SIMD & MISD, MIMD Machines, Vector Processing.
References:
1.Computer System Architecture: M.M. Mano (PHI).
2.Computer Architecture: J.P. Hayes.
3.Computer Architecture: Patterson & Hemessy.
4.Computer Organization and Architecture by William Stallings.
5. Computer Systems Design and Architecture “by Vincent P Heuring and Harry F Jordan.
97
UNIT-I
Introduction to Data,Field, Record, File, Database, Database management system. Structure of
database system, Advantage and disadvantage, levels of database system, Relational model,
hierarchical model, network model, comparison of these models, E–R diagram, different keys
used in a relational system, SQL.
DBA, responsibilities of DBA, Relational form like INF, 2NF, 3NF, BCNF, 4th NF, 5th NF,
DBTG.
UNIT-II
References:
UNIT-I
Introduction to Python: Process of Computational Problem Solving, Python Programming
Language
Data and Expressions: Literals, Variables and Identifiers, Operators, Expressions, Statements
and Data Types
Control Structures: Boolean Expressions (Conditions), Logical Operators, Selection Control,
Nested conditions, Debugging
Lists: List Structures, Lists (Sequences) in Python, Iterating Over Lists (Sequences) in Python
Functions: Fundamental Concepts, Program Routines, Flow of Execution, Parameters &
Arguments
Iteration: While statement, Definite loops using For, Loop Patterns, Recursive Functions,
Recursive Problem Solving, Iteration vs. Recursion
UNIT-II
Dictionaries: Dictionaries and Files, Looping and dictionaries, Advanced text parsing
Files: Opening Files, Using Text Files, String Processing, Exception Handling
Objects and Their Use: Introduction to Object Oriented Programming
Modular Design: Modules, Top-Down Design, Python Modules
Using Databases and SQL: Database Concepts, SQLite Manager Firefox Add-on, SQL basic
summary, Basic Data modeling, Programming with multiple tables
References:
1. Python for Informatics, Charles Severance, version 0.0.7
2. Introduction to Computer Science Using Python: A Computational Problem-Solving Focus, Charles
Dierbach, Wiley Publications, 2012, ISBN : 978-0-470-91204-1
3. Introduction To Computation And Programming Using Python, GUTTAG JOHN V, PHI, 2014,
ISBN-13: 978-8120348660
4. Introduction to Computating& Problem Solving Through Python, Jeeva Jose andSojan P. Lal,Khanna
Publishers, 2015, ISBN-13: 978-9382609810
5. Introduction to Computing and Programming in Python, Mark J. Guzdial, Pearson Education, 2015,
ISBN-13: 978-9332556591
6. Fundamentals of Python by Kenneth Lambert, Course Technology, Cengage Learning , 2015
7. Learning Python by Mark Lutz, 5th Edition, O'Reilly Media, 2013
99
b. Grassland ecosystem
c. Desert ecosystem
d. Aquatic ecosystems (ponds, streams, lakes, rivers, oceans, estuaries)
Unit-III
Social Issues and Environment:
From unsustainable to sustainable development.
Urban problems related to energy.
Water conservation, rain water harvesting, watershed management.
Resettlement and rehabilitation of people; its problems and concerns. Case studies.
Environmental ethics: Issues and possible solutions.
Climate change, global warming, acid rain, ozone layer depletion, nuclear accidents and
holocause. Case studies.
Wasteland reclamation.
Consumerism and waste products.
Environmental Protection Act:
Air (prevention and Control of Pollution) Act.
Water (prevention and Control of Pollution) Act.
Wildlife Protection Act.
Forest Conservation Act.
Issues involved in enforcement of environmental legislation.
Public awareness.
Unit-IV
National Service Scheme
Introduction and Basic Concepts of NSS: History, philosophy, aims & objectives of NSS;
Emblem, flag, motto, song, badge etc.; Organizational structure, roles and responsibilities of
various NSS functionaries.
Health, Hygiene & Sanitation: Definition, needs and scope of health education; Food and
Nutrition; Safe drinking water, water borne diseases and sanitation (Swachh Bharat Abhiyan);
National Health Programme; Reproductive health.
References/Books:
1. Agarwal, K. C. 2001. Environmental Biology, Nidhi Publications Ltd. Bikaner.
2. Bharucha, E. 2005. Textbook of Environmental Studies, Universities Press, Hyderabad.
3. Down to Earth, Centre for Science and Environment, New Delhi.
4. Jadhav, H. & Bhosale, V. M. 1995. Environmental Protection and Laws. Himalaya Pub.
5. Joseph, K. and Nagendran, R. 2004. Essentials of Environmental Studies, Pearson
Education (Singapore) Pte. Ltd., Delhi.
6. Kaushik, A. & Kaushik, C. P. 2004. Perspective in Environmental Studies,
New Age International (P) Ltd, New Delhi.
7. Miller, T. G. Jr. 2000. Environmental Science, Wadsworth Publishing Co.
8. Sharma, P. D. 2005. Ecology and Environment, Rastogi Publications, Meerut.
9. Booklet on Safe Driving. Sukhmani Society (Suvidha Centre), District Court Complex,
Amritsar
10. Kanta, S., 2012. Essentials of Environmental Studies, ABS Publications, Jalandhar.
101
Paper – V
Programming Lab –Python
M. Marks: 50
Practical Marks: 37
Practical Internal Assessment Marks: 13
Paper – VI
Note:
1. All the students are required to undergo ‘Industrial Training’ for 6 weeks in IT Companies
after 4th semester final examinations. Final degree to the students will be awarded subject to
their successfully completing the ‘Industrial Training’.
2. ‘Industrial Training’ will be evaluated as satisfactory / unsatisfactory internally by the
department.
3. Last date for submission of training Report within 1 Week after coming from training.
4. Marks of Paper EVS will not be included in Grand Total.
104
UNIT-I
Basic Data Structure: Introduction to elementary Data Organization, Common Operation on
Data Structures, Algorithm Complexity, Big O Notation, Time – Space tradeoff between
Algorithms.
Arrays: Array Defined, Representing Arrays in Memory, Various Operations on Linear
Arrays, Multidimensional Arrays.
Searching Techniques: Linear and Binary Search.
Linked Lists: Types of Linked Lists, Representing Linked Lists in Memory, Advantages of
using Linked Lists over Arrays, Various Operations on Linked Lists.
Stacks: Description of STACK structure, Implementation of Stack using Arrays and Linked
Lists, Applications of Stacks – Converting Arithmetic expression from infix notation to polish
and their subsequent evaluation, Quick sort Technique to sort an array.
UNIT-II
Queues: Description of queue structure, Implementation of queue using arrays and linked lists,
Description of priorities of queues, Dequeues.
Sorting Techniques: Bubble Sort, Selection Sort, Insertion Sort, Merge Sort, Heap Sort.
Trees: Description of Tree Structure and its Terminology, Binary Trees and Binary Search
Trees and their representation in Memory, Heap Sort.
Graphs: Description of Graph Structure, Implement Graphs in Memory using Adjacency
Matrix, Path Matrix.
File Organization: Concept of field, record, file, blocking and compaction.
File Organization Techniques: Sequential, indexed, indexed sequential, Direct, Hashing.
Concept of master and transaction files.
References:
1. Seymour Lipschutz, Theory and Problems of Data Structures, Schaum’s Outline Series,McGraw Hill Company.
2. Tanenbaum, Data Structure using C.
3. Data Structure and Algorithms by Alfred V. John E. Hopcroft, Jeffery D. Ullman Pearson.
4. Sorenson and Trembley, “An Introduction to Data Structure with Applications, McGraw Hill, 2006 edition.
105
UNIT-I
Information Systems
Introduction to IT & its components, What is Information systems, Computer based information
systems, Management Information System, Decision Support System, Expert System, Functional
Information System, Open Information System, Transaction Processing System, System Development
Process & System development Tools. Internet basics, Its uses and Applications.
Various types of information systems: Transaction processing systems, office Automation
systems, MIS and decision support system. About internet and its working, business use of
internet, services offered byinternet, evaluation of internet, internet service provider (ISP),
windows environment for dial up networking (connecting to internet), audio on internet,
Internet Addressing (DNS and IPaddresses).
E–Mail Basic Introduction: Advantage and disadvantage, structure of an e–mail
message,working of e–mail (sending and receiving messages), managing e–mail (creating new
folder,deleting messages, forwarding messages, filtering messages) Implementation of outlook
express.
UNIT-II
Internet Protocol: Introduction, file transfer protocol (FTP), Gopher, Telnet, other protocols
like HTTP and TCP/IP.
WWW: Introduction, working of WWW, Web browsing (opening, viewing, saving and
printing a web page and bookmark), web designing using HTML, DHTML with
programmingtechniques.
Intranet and Extranet: Introduction, application of intranet, business value of intranet,
working of intranet, role of extranet, working of extranet, difference between intranet and
extranet.
References:
1 Peter Norton, Introduction to Computers, Glencoe, Macmillan/McGraw Hill. Kroenke, Business
Computer System, McGraw Hill.
2 Patric, G.Mckeown, Living with the Computers, 2nd edition, HBT Publishers, USA.
3 Hussain & Hussain, Computer Technology, Applications & Social Implications, PHI.
4.“Internet Technologies”, S. K. Bansal, APH Publishing Corporation (April 1, 2002).
106
UNIT I
Basic Concepts - Characterization of Distributed Systems, Examples, Resource Sharing, Web
Challenges, System Models–,Architectural and Fundamental Models, Networking and
Internetworking, Types of Networks, Network Principles , Internet Protocols
Processes and Distributed Objects - Inter–process Communication ,The API for the Internet
Protocols ,External Data Representation and Marshalling , Client –Server Communication ,
Group Communication , Distributed Objects and Remote Invocation – Communication
Between Distributed Objects , Remote Procedure Call , Events and Notifications .
UNIT II
Operating System Issues - The OS Layer, Protection ,Processes and Threads, Communication
and Invocation, OS Architecture, Security Overview, Cryptographic Algorithms, Digital
Signatures .
Distributed Transaction Processing - Transactions, Nested Transactions, Locks, Optimistic
Concurrency Control, Timestamp Ordering, Comparison of Flat and Nested Distributed
Transactions, Atomic Commit Protocols, Concurrency Control in Distributed Transactions,
Distributed Deadlocks, Recovery.
References
1.George Coulouris, Jean Dollimore and Tim Kindberg, “Distributed Systems Concepts and Design”, 3rd Edition,
Pearson Education, 2002.
2.Andrew S. Tanenbaum, Maartenvan Steen, Distibuted Systems, “Principles and Pardigms”, Pearson Education,
2002.
3.Jennifer Welch Hagit Attiya,”Distributed Computing :Fundamentals, Simulations and Advanced Topics”,2nd
edition, Wiley,2006.
4.M.L. Liu, ”Distributed Computing: Principles and Applications”,1st edition, Pearson Education,2004.
107
UNIT-I
Introduction to System Software
Introduction to System Software and its components
Translators, loaders, interpreters, compiler, assemblers
Assemblers
Overview of assembly process, design of one pass and two assemblers
Macroprocessors
Macro definition and expansion, concatenation of macro parameters, generations of
uniquelabels , conditional macro expansion, Recursive macro expansion
UNIT-II
Compilers
Phases of Compilation Process, Lexical Analysis, Parsing, Storage Management
Optimization Incremental Compilers, Cross Compilers.
Loaders and Linkage editors
Basic loader functions. Relocation, program linking, linkage, editors, dynamic linking,
Bootstrap Loaders
References:
1. Leland L. Beck: System Software, An Introduction to System Programming, AddisonWesley.
2. D.M. Dhamdhere: Introduction to System Software, Tata McGraw Hill.
3. D.M. Dhamdhere: System Software and Operating System, Tata McGraw Hill, 1992.
4. Madrich, Stuarte: Operating Systems, McGraw Hill, 1974.
5. Stern Nancy Assembler Language Programming for IBM and IBM CompatibleComputers, John Wiley, 1991.
108
Unit-I
Biodiversity and its Conservation:
Definition: Genetic, species and ecosystem diversity.
Biogeographical classification of India.
Value of Biodiversity: Consumptive use; productive use, social, ethical, aesthetic and option
values.
Biodiversity of global, National and local levels.
India as mega-diversity nation.
Hot-spots of biodiversity.
Threats to Biodiversity: Habitat loss, poaching of wild life, man wildlife conflicts.
Endangered and endemic species of India.
Conservation of Biodiversity: In situ and Ex-situ conservation of biodiversity.
Unit-II
Environmental Pollution:
Definition, causes, effects and control measures of:
a) Air Pollution
b) Water Pollution
c) Soil Pollution
d) Marine Pollution
e) Noise Pollution
f) Thermal Pollution
g) Nuclear Hazards
h) Electronic Waste
Solid Waste Management: Causes, effects and control measures of urban and industrial
wastes. Role of an individual in prevention of pollution.
Pollution case studies.
Disaster Management: Floods, Earthquake, Cyclone and Landslides.
109
Unit-III
Human Population and the Environment
Population growth, variation among nations.
Population explosion-Family welfare programme.
Environment and human health.
Human rights.
Value education.
HIV/AIDS.
Women and child welfare.
Role of information technology in environment and human health.
Case studies.
Road Safety Rules & Regulations: Use of Safety Devices while Driving, Do’s and Don’ts while
Driving, Role of Citizens or Public Participation, Responsibilities of Public under Motor Vehicle
Act, 1988, General Traffic Signs.
Accident & First Aid: First Aid to Road Accident Victims, Calling Patrolling Police & Ambulance.
Unit-IV
National Service Scheme:
Entrepreneurship Development: Definition & Meaning; Qualities of good entrepreneur;
Steps/ ways in opening an enterprise; Role of financial and support service Institutions.
Civil/Self Defense: Civil defense services, aims and objectives of civil defense; Needs for self-
defense training.
Field Visits:
Visit to a local area to document environmental assets–river/forest/grassland/hill/ mountain.
Visit to a local polluted site–Urban/Rural/Industrial/Agricultural.
Study of common plants, insects, birds.
Study of simple ecosystems–pond, river, hill slopes etc.
Contribution of the student to NSS/any other social cause for service of society.
Note: In this section the students will be required to visit and write on the environment of an
area/ ecosystem/vi1lage industry/disaster/mine/dam/agriculture field/waste
management/hospital etc. with its salient features, limitations, their implications and
suggestion for improvement.
References/Books:
1. Agarwal, K. C. 2001. Environmental Biology, Nidhi Publications Ltd. Bikaner.
2. Bharucha, E. 2005. Textbook of Environmental Studies, Universities Press, Hyderabad.
3. Down to Earth, Centre for Science and Environment, New Delhi.
4. Jadhav, H. & Bhosale, V. M. 1995. Environmental Protection and Laws. Himalaya Pub.
5. Joseph, K. and Nagendran, R. 2004. Essentials of Environmental Studies, Pearson Education
(Singapore) Pte. Ltd., Delhi.
6. Kaushik, A. & Kaushik, C. P. 2004. Perspective in Environmental Studies, New Age International
(P) Ltd, New Delhi.
7. Miller, T. G. Jr. 2000. Environmental Science, Wadsworth Publishing Co.
8. Sharma, P. D. 2005. Ecology and Environment, Rastogi Publications, Meerut.
9. Booklet on Safe Driving. Sukhmani Society (Suvidha Centre), District Court Complex, Amritsar
10. Kanta, S., 2012. Essentials of Environmental Studies, ABS Publications, Jalandhar.
110
Lab II – Distributing Computing (Client Server, Distributed Objects and operating system
issues)
112
UNIT – I
Local Area Network Protocols: CSMA Protocols, BRAP, MLMA, IEEE standards
802,Token Bus, Token Ring, FDDI.
UNIT – II
Data Link Layer Design Issues: Services provided to Network layer framing, error control,
flow control, link management. Error detection & correction, Elementary Datalink Protocols.
Design Issues of Network Layer: Services provided to transport layer, routing, connection,
internet & World Wide Web.
References:
1. Tanenbaum A.S. ‘Computer Network’, PHI.
2. Stalings W., ‘Data and Computer Communications’, PHI.
3. Data Communication and Networking by Behrouz A Forouzan.
4. Stallings W. , Local Network: An Introduction Macmillan Publishing Co.
114
Unit -I
Basic concepts of Java Programming and applications of Java programming. Introduction
to Java, JVM, Features of java, JDK Environment & tools like (java, javac, applet viewer,
javadoc, jdb)
Object Oriented Programming Concepts: Overview of Programming, Paradigm, Classes,
Abstraction, Encapsulation, Inheritance, Polymorphism, Difference between C++ and JAVA.
Java Programming Fundamentals : Structure of java program , Data types ,Variables,
Operators , Keywords ,Naming Convention ,Decision Making (if,switch) ,Looping(for,
while),Type Casting.
Classes and Objects : Creating Classes and objects, Memory allocation for objects,
Constructor ,Implementation of Inheritance (Simple, Multilevel, Hierarchical),
Implementation of Polymorphism ( Method Overloading , Method Overriding ), Nested and
Inner classes
Unit-II
Arrays String and Vector: Arrays, Creating an array, Types of Array (One Dimensional
arrays, Two Dimensional array), Strings, String – Arrays, String Methods, String Buffer class,
Vectors, Wrapper classes.
Abstract Class, Interface and Packages, Modifiers and Access Control (Default, public private
protected), Abstract classes and methods, Interfaces, Packages (Packages Concept, Creating
user defined packages, Java Built in packages, Java.lang->math,Java.util->Random, Date,
Hash Table)
Multithreading: Creating Threads using Different methods, Thread Priorities, Thread
Synchronization, Inter process thread Communication.
Exception Handling: Exception types, using try catch and Multiple catch, Nested try, throw,
throws and finally, Creating User defined Exceptions. File Handling: Byte Stream, character
stream , file IO Basics , File Operations (Creating file, Reading, file(Character, byte), Writing
File (Character, byte).
Applet Programming: Introduction, Types of applet, Applet Life cycle, Creating applet,
Applet tag
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References:
1. “Java–The Complete Reference”, Herbert Schildt, Tata MacGraw Hill.
2. “Introduction to Java Programming”, Y. Daniel Mliang, Pearsons Publications.
3. Programming with JAVA - E Balgurusamy
4. JAVA:How to Programm- Paul Deital and Harvey Deital.
116
UNIT – I
Introduction to Software: Definition, Software characteristics, Software components,
Software Applications.
Introduction to Software Engineering: Definition, Software Engineering Paradigms,
waterfall method, prototyping, interactive Enhancement, The Spiral model, Fourth Generation
Technique.
Software Metrics: Role of Metrics and measurement, Metrics for software productivity and
quality, Measurement software, size–oriented metrics, function oriented metrics, Metrics for
software quality.
Software Requirement Specification (SRS): Problem analysis, structuring information, Data
flow diagram and data dictionary, structured analysis, Characteristics and component of (SRS).
UNIT – II
Planning a Software Project: Cost estimation, uncertainties in cost estimation, Single variable
model, COCOMO model, On software size estimation, Project scheduling and milestones,
Software & Personal Planning, Rayleigh curve, Personal Plan, Quality Assurance Plan,
Verification & Validation (V & V), inspection & review.
System Design: Design Objectives, Design Principles, problem, Partitioning, Abstraction, Top
Down and Bottom–up techniques, Structure Design, Structure Charts, Design Methodology,
Design Review, Automated Cross Checking, Matrix, total number of modular, number of
parameters.
References:
1. Software Engineering, Roger S. Pressman.
2. Integrated Approach to Software Engineering, Pankaj Jalote
3. Software Engineering by Rajib Mall.
4. Software Engineering by Ian Sommerville.
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Validation Controls : Using the required field validator control, Using the range validator control
using the compare validator control, Using the regular expression validator control, Using the
custom validator control, Using the validation summary controls.
Designing Website With Master Pages : Creating master pages, Modifying master page content,
Loading master page dynamically.
Unit-II
SQL Data Source Control: Creating database connections, Executing database commands, Using
ASP.NET parameters with the SQL data source controls, Programmatically executing SQL data
source commands, Cashing database data with the SQL data Source controls.
List Controls : Dropdown list control, Radio button list controls, list box controls, bulleted list
controls, custom list controls.
Grid View Controls : Grid view control fundamentals, Using field with the grid view control,
Working with grid view control events.
Building Data Access Components with ADO.NET: Connected the data access,
Disconnected data access, Executing a synchronous database commands, Building data base
objects with the .NET framework.
References:
ASP.NET 3.5: Stephen Walther, Pearson Education, 2005
ASP.NET 4.0: In Simple Steps by Kogent Learning Solutions Inc.
ASP.NET 4.5: Black Book by Kogent Learning Solution Inc.
119
Paper-V
Paper-VI
Semester – VI
UNIT – I
Overview of Graphics System: Computer Graphics and their applications
Display Devices: CRT Monitors (Random – Scan and Raster Scan, DVST, Plasma – Panel
Display, LED and LCD Monitors.
Graphics Software.
Elementary Drawing: Points and various line drawing Algorithms and their comparisons.
Circle generating algorithms, Algorithms for other objects like ellipses, arcs, section spirals.
UNIT – II
References:
1. Computer Graphics by Donal Hearn M. Pardive Baker (PHI) Easter Economy Edition.
2. Computer Graphics by Schaum’s outlines by Tata McGraw Hill.
3. Computer Graphics by Roy A. Plastock and Gordon Kalley – Schaum’s Series.
4. Computer Graphics by Marc Berger.
123
Section B: It will consist of essay type/numerical questions up to five pages in length. Four questions numbering
2, 3, 4 and 5 will be set by the examiner from Unit-I of the syllabus. The students will be required to attempt any
two questions. Each question will carry 11 marks.
The total weightage of this section shall be 22 marks.
Section C: It will consist of essay type/numerical questions up to five pages in length. Four questions numbering
6, 7, 8 and 9 will be set by the examiner from Unit-II of the syllabus. The students will be required to attempt any
two questions. Each question will carry 11 marks.
The total weightage of this section shall be 22 marks.
UNIT – I
Introduction: Definition, Early Systems, Simple Batch system, Multi programmed Batch.
Time Sharing Systems, Personal Computer System, Parallel Systems, Distributed Systems,
Real–time Systems.
Processes: Process concepts, Process Scheduling, Threads.
CPU–Scheduling: Basic concepts, scheduling criteria, scheduling algorithms, algorithm
evaluation.
Process Synchronization: Critical – section problem, semaphores, classical problem of
synchronization.
Deadlocks: System Model, Deadlock characterization, methods for handing deadlocks,
Deadlocks Prevention, Deadlock avoidance, Deadlock Detection and Recovery from deadlock,
Combined approach to deadlock handling.
UNIT – II
Memory Management: Background, Logical v/s Physical address space, swapping,
continuous allocation, paging, segmentation.
Virtual Memory: Background, demand paging, Performance of Demand Paging, Page
Replacement, Page Replacement Algorithms, Allocation of Frames, Thrashing.
General Instructions:
1. A software module based on the work done in the entire course is to be developed.
2. The soft copy of the module shall be submitted to the College/Institute till April 30.
3. The software module shall be developed in groups, consisting of at most two students in a group.
4. The respective college shall depute guide(s)/supervisor(s) under whose supervision the software module
shall be developed. The guide/supervisor shall clarify that the work done is original & authenticated. The
certificate found to be incorrect at any stage shall attract the proceedings against all the stakeholders, as
per the University rules.
5. The evaluation of the module shall be done as per the common ordinance of UG/PG w.e.f. 2012–2013
under semester system.
6. Training certificate of industrial training should be submitted to the College and also attached in the
project.