NCERT solutions for class 10 Maths Chapter 7 Triangles

Excercise: 7.1

Q1 In quadrilateral , and bisects (see Fig.). Show

that . What can you say about and ?

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Answer:
In
In the given triangles we are given that:-
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(i)

(ii) Further, it is given that AB bisects angle A. Thus BAC BAD.

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(iii) Side AB is common in both the triangles.

Hence by SAS congruence, we can say that :

Aa

By c.p.c.t. (corresponding parts of congruent triangles are equal) we can say

that

Q2 (i) is a quadrilateral in which and (see Fig. ).

Prove that
 .

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Answer:

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It is given that :-

(i) AD = BC

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In
(ii)

(iii) Side AB is common in both the triangles.

sh

So, by SAS congruence, we can write :

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Q2 (ii) is a quadrilateral in which and (see Fig.).

Prove that
Aa
Answer:

In the previous part, we have proved that .

Thus by c.p.c.t. , we can write :

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Q2 (iii) is a quadrilateral in which and (see Fig.).
Prove that .

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s tit
In
Answer:

In the first part we have proved that .

sh

Thus by c.p.c.t. , we can conclude :

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Q3 and are equal perpendiculars to a line segment (see Fig.). Show

Aa

that bisects .
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Answer:

In the given figure consider AOD and BOC.

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(i) AD = BC (given)

(ii) A=
s
B (given that the line AB is perpendicular to AD and BC)
In
(iii) AOD = BOC (vertically opposite angles).

Thus by AAS Postulate, we have

sh
ka

Hence by c.p.c.t. we can write :

And thus CD bisects AB.

Aa

Q4 and are two parallel lines intersected by another pair of parallel

lines and (see Fig. ). Show that .
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Answer:

In the given figure, consider ABC and CDA :

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(i)

(ii)
s
In
(iii) Side AC is common in both the triangles.

Thus by ASA congruence, we have :

sh
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Q5 (i) Line is the bisector of an angle and B is any point on . and are
perpendiculars from to the arms of (see Fig.). Show that:
Aa

Answer:
In the given figure consider and ,

(i) (Right angle)

(ii) (Since it is given that I is bisector)

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(iii) Side AB is common in both the triangle.

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Thus AAS congruence, we can write :

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Q5 (ii) Line is the bisector of an angle and is any point on . and are

perpendiculars from

s
to the arms of (see Fig. ). Show that: or is
In
sh

equidistant from the arms of .

Answer:
ka

In the previous part we have proved that .

Thus by c.p.c.t. we can write :

Aa

Thus B is equidistant from arms of angle A.

Q6 In Fig, and . Show that .

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Answer:

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From the given figure following result can be drawn :-

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Adding to the both sides, we get :
In
sh

Now consider and , :-

(i) (Given)
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(ii) (proved above)

(iii) (Given)
Aa

Thus by SAS congruence we can say that :

Hence by c.p.c.t., we can say that :

Q7 (i) is a line segment and is its mid-point. and are points on the same

side of such that and (see Fig). Show

that

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Answer:

From the figure, it is clear that :

s
In
Adding both sides, we get :
sh

or
ka

Now, consider and :

(i) (Proved above)

Aa

(ii) (Since P is the midpoint of line AB)

(iii) (Given)

Hence by ASA congruence, we can say that :

Q7 (ii) AB is a line segment and P is its mid-point. D and E are points on the same side

of AB such that and (see Fig). Show

that

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tit
Answer:

s
In the previous part we have proved that .
In
Thus by c.p.c.t., we can say that :
sh

Q8 (i) In right triangle ABC, right angled at C, M is the mid-point of hypotenuse AB. C is

joined to M and produced to a point D such that . Point D is joined to point

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B (see Fig.). Show that:

Aa

Answer:

Consider and ,
(i) (Since M is the mid-point)

(ii) (Vertically opposite angles are equal)

(iii) (Given)

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Thus by SAS congruency, we can conclude that :

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Q8 (ii) In right triangle ABC, right angled at C, M is the mid-point of hypotenuse AB. C is

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joined to M and produced to a point D such that . Point D is joined to point
B (see Fig.). Show that: is a right angle.

s
In
sh

Answer:
ka

In the previous part, we have proved that .

By c.p.c.t. we can say that :

Aa

This implies side AC is parallel to BD.

Thus we can write : (Co-interior angles)

and,

or
Hence is a right angle.

Q8 (iii) In right triangle ABC, right angled at C, M is the mid-point of hypotenuse AB. C

is joined to M and produced to a point D such that . Point D is joined to

point B (see Fig.). Show that:

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ut
tit
Answer:

Consider and ,
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In
(i) (Common in both the triangles)
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(ii) (Right angle)

(iii) (By c.p.c.t. from the part (a) of the question.)

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Thus SAS congruence we can conclude that :

Aa

Q8 (iv) In right triangle ABC, right angled at C, M is the mid-point of hypotenuse AB. C

is joined to M and produced to a point D such that . Point D is joined to

point B (see Fig.). Show that:

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Answer:

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In the previous part we have proved that .

Thus by c.p.c.t., we can write :

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or (Since M is midpoint.)
In
or .

Hence proved.
sh
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Excercise: 7.2

Q1 (i) In an isosceles triangle ABC, with , the bisectors

Aa

of and intersect each other at O. Join A to O. Show that :

Answer:

In the triangle ABC,

Since AB = AC, thus

or

or (Angles bisectors are equal)

Thus as sides opposite to equal are angles are also equal.

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Q1 (ii) In an isosceles triangle ABC, with , the bisectors
of and intersect each other at O. Join A to O. Show that : AO bisects

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Answer:

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Consider and ,

(i) (Given)

s
In
(ii) (Common in both the triangles)

(iii) (Proved in previous part)

sh

Thus by SSS congruence rule, we can conclude that :

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Now, by c.p.c.t.,
Aa

Hence AO bisects .

Q2 In , AD is the perpendicular bisector of BC (see Fig). Show that is

an isosceles triangle in which .
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Answer:

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Consider ABD and ADC,

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(i) (Common in both the triangles)

(ii)

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(Right angle)
In
(iii) (Since AD is the bisector of BC)

Thus by SAS congruence axiom, we can state :

sh

Hence by c.p.c.t., we can say that :

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Thus is an isosceles triangle with AB and AC as equal sides.

Q3 ABC is an isosceles triangle in which altitudes BE and CF are drawn to equal sides
Aa

AC and AB respectively (see Fig.). Show that these altitudes are equal.
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Answer:

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Consider and ,

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(i) is common in both the triangles.

(ii) (Right angles)

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In
(iii) (Given)

Thus by AAS congruence axiom, we can conclude that :

sh

Now, by c.p.c.t. we can say :

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Hence these altitudes are equal.

Q4 (i) ABC is a triangle in which altitudes BE and CF to sides AC and AB are equal (see
Aa

Fig). Show that

Answer:

Consider and ,

(i) is common in both the triangles.

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(ii) (Right angles)

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(iii) (Given)

Thus by AAS congruence, we can say that :

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Q4 (ii) ABC is a triangle in which altitudes BE and CF to sides AC and AB are equal
In
(see Fig.). Show that , i.e., ABC is an isosceles triangle.
sh
ka

Answer:
Aa

From the prevoius part of the question we found out that :

Now, by c.p.c.t. we can say that :

Hence is an isosceles triangle.

Q5 ABC and DBC are two isosceles triangles on the same base BC (see Fig.). Show
that .

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ut
tit
Answer:

Consider and ,

(i)
s
(Common in both the triangles)
In
(ii) (Sides of isosceles triangle)
sh

(iii) (Sides of isosceles triangle)

Thus by SSS congruency, we can conclude that :

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Q6 is an isosceles triangle in which . Side BA is produced to D

Aa

such that (see Fig.). Show that is a right angle.

 e
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Answer:

Consider ABC,

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It is given that AB = AC

So,
s
(Since angles opposite to the equal sides are equal.)
In
Similarly in ACD,

We have AD = AB
sh

and
So,
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Aa

or ...........................(i)

And in ADC,
..............................(ii)

Adding (i) and (ii), we get :

or

and

Q7 ABC is a right angled triangle in which and .

Find and .

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Answer:

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In the triangle ABC, sides AB and AC are equal.

tit
We know that angles opposite to equal sides are also equal.

Thus,

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In
Also, the sum of the interior angles of a triangle is .

So, we have :
sh

or
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or

Hence
Aa

Q8 Show that the angles of an equilateral triangle are each.

Answer:

Consider a triangle ABC which has all sides equal.

We know that angles opposite to equal sides are equal.

Thus we can write :

Also, the sum of the interior angles of a triangle is .

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Hence,

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or

or

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So, all the angles of the equilateral triangle are equal ( ).

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Excercise: 7.3

Q1 (i) and are two isosceles triangles on the same base BC and
sh

vertices A and D are on the same side of BC (see Fig.). If AD is extended to intersect
BC at P, show that
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Aa

Answer:

Consider and ,
(i) (Common)

(ii) (Isosceles triangle)

(iii) (Isosceles triangle)

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Thus by SSS congruency we can conclude that :

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Q1 (ii) Triangles ABC and Triangle DBC are two isosceles triangles on the same base

tit
BC and vertices A and D are on the same side of BC (see Fig). If AD is extended to

s
In
sh

intersect BC at P, show that

Answer:
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Consider and ,
Aa

(i) is common side in both the triangles.

(ii) (This is obtained from the c.p.c.t. as proved in the previous

part.)

(iii) (Isosceles triangles)

Thus by SAS axiom, we can conclude that :

Q1 (iii) and are two isosceles triangles on the same base BC and

vertices A and D are on the same side of BC (see Fig.). If AD is extended to intersect

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BC at P, show that AP bisects as well as .

ut
s tit
In
Answer:

In the first part, we have proved that .

sh

So, by c.p.c.t. .
ka

Hence AP bisects .

Now consider and ,

Aa

(i) (Common)

(ii) (Isosceles triangle)

(iii) (by c.p.c.t. from the part (b))

Thus by SSS congruency we have :

Hence by c.p.c.t. we have :

or AP bisects .

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Q1 (iv) and are two isosceles triangles on the same base BC and

vertices A and D are on the same side of BC (see Fig.). If AD is extended to intersect

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BC at P, show that AP is the perpendicular bisector of BC.

s tit
In
Answer:
sh

In the previous part we have proved that .

ka

Thus by c.p.c.t. we can say that :

Also,
Aa

SInce BC is a straight line, thus :

or

or

Hence it is clear that AP is a perpendicular bisector of line BC.

Q2 (i) AD is an altitude of an isosceles triangle ABC in which . Show that AD
bisects BC

Answer:

Consider and ,

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(i) (Given)

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(ii) (Common in both triangles)

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(iii)

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Thus by RHS axiom we can conclude that :
In
Hence by c.p.c.t. we can say that : or AD bisects BC.
sh

Q2 (ii) AD is an altitude of an isosceles triangle ABC in which . Show that AD

bisects .
ka

Answer:

In the previous part of the question we have proved that

Aa

Thus by c.p.c.t., we can write :

Hence bisects .
Q3 Two sides AB and BC and median AM of one triangle ABC are respectively equal to
sides PQ and QR and median PN of (see Fig). Show that:

(i)

(ii)

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Answer:

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(i) From the figure we can say that :
In
sh

or

or
ka

Now, consider and ,

(a) (Given)
Aa

(b) (Given)

(c) (Prove above)

Thus by SSS congruence rule, we can conclude that :

(ii) Consider and :

(a) (Given)

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(b) (by c.p.c.t. from the above proof)

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(c) (Given)

Thus by SAS congruence rule,

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Q4 BE and CF are two equal altitudes of a triangle ABC. Using RHS congruence rule,
In
prove that the triangle ABC is isosceles.

Answer:
sh

Using the given conditions, consider and ,

(i) (Right angle)

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(ii) (Common in both the triangles)

(iii) (Given that altitudes are of the same length. )

Aa

Thus by RHS axiom, we can say that :

Hence by c.p.c.t.,

And thus (sides opposite to equal angles are also equal). Thus ABC is an
isosceles triangle.
Q5 ABC is an isosceles triangle with . Draw to show
that .

Answer:

Consider and ,

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(i) (Since it is given that AP is altitude.)

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(ii) (Isosceles triangle)

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(iii) (Common in both triangles)

s
Thus by RHS axiom we can conclude that :
In
Now, by c.p.c.t.we can say that :
sh
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Excercise: 7.4

Q1 Show that in a right-angled triangle, the hypotenuse is the longest side.

Aa

Answer:

Consider a right-angled triangle ABC with right angle at A.

We know that the sum of the interior angles of a triangle is 180.

So,

or

or

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Hence and are less than ( ).

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Also, the side opposite to the largest angle is also the largest.

Hence the side BC is largest is the hypotenuse of the .

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Hence it is proved that in a right-angled triangle, the hypotenuse is the longest side.

Q2 In Fig, sides AB and AC of

s are extended to points P and Q respectively.

In
Also, . Show that .
sh
ka

Answer:
Aa

We are given that,

......................(i)

Also, (Linear pair of angles) .....................(ii)

and (Linear pair of angles) .....................(iii)

From (i), (ii) and (iii) we can say that :

Thus ( Sides opposite to the larger angle is larger.)

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Q3 In Fig., and . Show that .

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s tit
In
Answer:
sh

In this question, we will use the property that sides opposite to larger angle are larger.

We are given and .

ka

Thus, ..............(i)

and ...............(ii)
Aa

Adding (i) and (ii), we get :

or
Hence proved.

Q4 AB and CD are respectively the smallest and longest sides of a quadrilateral ABCD
(see Fig.). Show that and .

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ut
s tit
Answer:
In
sh
ka

Consider in the above figure :

Aa

(Given)

Thus (as angle opposite to smaller side is smaller)

Now consider ,
We have :

and

Adding the above result we get,

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ut
or

Similarly, consider ,

tit
we have

Therefore

s
In
and in we have,
sh

and

from the above result we have,

ka
Aa

or

Hence proved.

Q5 In Fig , and PS bisects . Prove that .

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Answer:

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We are given that .

tit
Thus

Also, PS bisects , thus :

s
In
Now, consider ,
sh

(Exterior angle)

Now, consider ,
ka
Aa

Thus from the above the result we can conclude that :

Q6 Show that of all line segments drawn from a given point not on it, the perpendicular
line segment is the shortest.
Answer:

Consider a right-angled triangle ABC with right angle at B.

Then (Since )

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Thus the side opposite to largest angle is also largest.

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Hence the given statement is proved that all line segments are drawn from a given
point, not on it, the perpendicular line segment is the shortest.

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Excercise: 7.5
In
Q1 ABC is a triangle. Locate a point in the interior of which is equidistant from
all the vertices of .
sh

Answer:

We know that circumcenter of a triangle is equidistant from all the vertices. Also,

circumcenter is the point of intersection of the perpendicular bisectors of the sides of a

ka

triangle.

Thus, draw perpendicular bisectors of each side of the triangle ABC. And let them meet
Aa

at a point, say O.

Hence O is the required point which is equidistant from all the vertices.

Q2 In a triangle locate a point in its interior which is equidistant from all the sides of the
triangle.
Answer:

The required point is called in-centre of the triangle. This point is the intersection of the
angle bisectors of the interior angles of a triangle.

Hence the point can be found out in this case just by drawing angle bisectors of all the

e
angles of the triangle.

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Q3 In a huge park, people are concentrated at three points (see Fig.):

tit
A : where there are different slides and swings for children,

B : near which a man-made lake is situated,

s
C : which is near to a large parking and exit.
In
Where should an icecream parlour be set up so that maximum number of persons can
approach it? (Hint : The parlour should be equidistant from A, B and C)
sh
ka
Aa

Answer:

The three main points form a triangle ABC. Now we have to find a point which is
equidistant from all the three points.

Thus we need to find the circumcenter of the .

We know that circumcenter is defined as the point as the intersection point of the
perpendicular bisectors of the sides of the triangle.

Hence the required point can be found out by drawing perpendicular bisectors
of .

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Q4 Complete the hexagonal and star shaped Rangolies [see Fig. (i) and (ii)] by filling

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them with as many equilateral triangles of side cm as you can. Count the number of
triangles in each case. Which has more triangles?

s tit
In
sh

Answer:

For finding the number of triangles we need to find the area of the figure.
ka

Consider the hexagonal structure :

Area of hexagon = 6 Area of 1 equilateral

Aa

Thus area of the equilateral triangle :

or
or

So, the area of the hexagon is :

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And the area of an equilateral triangle having 1cm as its side is :

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tit
or

s
Hence a number of equilateral triangles that can be filled in hexagon are :
In
sh

Similarly for star-shaped rangoli :

Area :
ka

Thus the number of equilateral triangles are :

Aa

Hence star-shaped rangoli has more equilateral triangles.