Screw Conveyor

components & design

Version 2.20

1345 76th Ave SW

Cedar Rapids, IA 52404
PH 319.364.5600 / 800.452.4027
FAX 319.364.6449

www.conveyoreng.com

[email protected]
[email protected]

Copyright © 2012 by Conveyor Eng. & Mfg. Co. All rights reserved.
This manual and all items included may not be reproduced in any form without written permission from CEMC.
 Conveyor Engineering & Manufacturing

introduction

Conveyor Engineering & Manufacturing would like to thank you for expressing interest in our products. We specialize
in stainless steel screw conveyors, mixers and screw presses used in a variety of industries. The cornerstone of our
success for over three decades has been our ability to provide a quality product at a reasonable price in a timely
manner.

Service REFERENCES
Our commitment to outstanding service has been the main Our customer base has grown over the years primarily by word
reason for our consistent growth since 1977 as we recently built of mouth through satisfied customers. This has given us the
a much larger manufacturing facility to maintain this level. When opportunity to work with companies such as:
it comes to service, we have one goal — to provide the best in
the industry. Absolutely no one ships hot jobs quicker. We can • 3M • Kimberly-Clark
do this by stocking the raw materials we need and operating • ADM • Kraft Foods
only one full shift in our manufacturing plant. This allows us the • AGP • M & M Mars
flexibility to extend hours when needed and greater access to • Amalgamated Sugar • Michigan Sugar
key equipment and material when hot jobs are ordered. We • American Crystal Sugar • Monfort
have a full engineering staff on hand capable of performing • Amoco Chemical • Monitor Sugar
system simulations, finite element analysis, etc. and discuss any • Anheuser-Busch • Monsanto
questions you may have. • Barr-Rosin • Nabisco Brands
• Bunge • National Starch
QUALITY • Cargill • Nestle
When it comes to quality, we will put our products up against • Con-Agra • Penford Products
anyone in the industry. Prior to manufacturing, all custom • Dow Chemical • Poet
conveyor designs must pass a computer stress analysis covering • DuPont • PPG
bolts, flights, pipe and shafts. On request, this information can be • Excel • Procter & Gamble
provided at time of quotation. Our components are manufactured • General Foods • Quaker Oats
in-house allowing us to keep tight reign on quality control and • General Mills • Ralston Foods
must pass a full inspection prior to shipping. • Georgia-Pacific • Roquette America
• Hershey's • Southern Minn. Beet Sugar
• Hormel Foods • Tate & Lyle
PRICE
• ICM • Tyson Foods
Our stainless conveyors are built entirely under our roof. You will
• International Paper • Wausau Paper
not pay multiple markups for subcontracted parts. We handle
• Kellogg's • Western Sugar
complete manufacturing and engineering functions through our
facility in Cedar Rapids. This means that, even with industry
leading standards for quality and service, we can still offer very Again, thank you for the opportunity to get to know us better — we
competitive pricing. are very proud of the work we do and look forward to working with
you.

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Conveyor Engineering & Manufacturing

table of contents

Engineering components other

Advantages of Screw Conveyors............. 4 Conveyor Component Diagram.............. 28 Weld Finishes......................................... 31
Conveyor Design Steps............................ 4 Conveyor Layout.................................... 29 Screw Part Numbers.............................. 32
Material Classification Codes................... 5 Screws.................................................... 30 Shaft Run-Out........................................ 40
Special Materials and Applications......... 15 Coupling Bolts/Bolt Pads........................ 41 Engineered Products.............................. 93
Conveyor Size and Speed...................... 16 Shafts..................................................... 42 Safety..................................................... 97
Conveyor Capacity................................. 17 Troughs.................................................. 46 Installation and Maintenance.................. 98
Material Lump Size................................. 18 Mounting Feet........................................ 51 Coupling Bolt Torque Limits.................... 99
Horsepower Calculation......................... 19 End Plates.............................................. 52 Conveyor Spec Sheet.......................... 100
Drive Efficiency....................................... 20 Covers.................................................... 58 Engineering Reference Data................ 102
Component Sizing.................................. 23 Hangers.................................................. 64 Component Part Number Index............ 105
Torsional Rating, Torque Calculation...... 24 Hanger Bearings.................................... 70 Index..................................................... 106
Screw Deflection.................................... 26 Internal Collars....................................... 71
Thermal Expansion................................ 26 Shaft Seals............................................. 72
Abrasion................................................. 27 End Bearings.......................................... 78
Inlets....................................................... 81
Discharges............................................. 82
Trough End Flanges............................... 84
Flange Bolt Patterns............................... 86
Slide Gates............................................. 88

(process system example, screw conveyors in yellow)

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 Conveyor Engineering & Manufacturing

Conveyor design
The screw conveyor is one of the oldest methods of conveying materials known to mankind with the original design dating back to more
than two thousand years. Since the screw conveyor came into general use a little over a century ago for moving grains, fine coal and
other bulk material of the times, it has come to occupy a unique place in a growing area of material handling processing. Today, modern
technology has made the screw conveyor one of the most efficient and economical methods of moving bulk material.

What are the advantages? Conveyor Design Steps:

Screw Conveyors... Note: If you need a conveyor designed/quoted you can simply
fill out the spec sheet on p.100, send it to us and we will work
• are compact and easily adapted to congested locations. through the design steps for you or you can do it yourself using the
following steps:
• can be used to control the flow of material in processing
operations which depend upon accurate batching. 1. Establish conveying requirements
(see below)
• are versatile and can be employed in horizontal, inclined and
vertical installations. 2. Identify the material and the corresponding material code
(see p.5)
• can be used as a mixer or agitator to blend dry or fluid
ingredients, provide crystallization or coagulant action, or 3. Determine conveying capacity, conveyor size and speed
maintain solutions in suspension. (see p.16)

• can be sealed to prevent the escape of dust or fumes from

inside the conveyor; or keep dust or moisture from entering
from outside the conveyor.

• can be jacketed to serve as a drier or cooler by

running hot or cold water through
the jacket.

4. Calculate required horsepower — select motor size

(see p.19)

5. Determine the recommended size of components

(see p.23)
• can be made out of a variety of materials to resist corrosion,
abrasion or heat, depending upon the product being conveyed. 6. Check the torsional ratings of components
(see p.24)
• can be outfitted with multiple discharge points.
7. Check deflection, thermal expansion and abrasion
Many years of experience in the design and practical application of (see p.26)
screw conveyors has resulted in the refinement of conveyor design.
This design procedure, outlined in the Engineering Section of this
catalog, makes it possible to calculate size, speed and required Step 1: Establish conveying requirements
power with a minimum of mathematical calculations. To properly design a conveyor to meet your needs it is important to
Using the following steps, in conjunction with the tables and know several parameters surrounding the application. Fortunately,
graphs on the following pages, you will be able to estimate the to begin, you only need to know a few. These are:
specifications for a horizontal screw conveyor. We can provide a • Type of material to be conveyed
more thorough design including stress analysis, etc. that are beyond • Required flow (lbs per hour or cubic feet per hour)
the scope of this engineering section so specifications should be • Distance material will be conveyed
established with the assistance of our engineering department.

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Conveyor Engineering & Manufacturing

materials
Step 2: Identify material and corresponding material code
The type of material being moved can have a significant affect on the size and type of conveyor needed. The following charts will help you
classify your material and will help in selecting the proper conveyor components.

Table A: Material Classification Code

For screw conveyor design purposes, conveyed
category: code
material characteristics designation
materials are classified in accordance with the code
system shown in Table A. This system conforms
Density: to that of the Conveyor Equipment Manufacturers
Bulk Density avg. lbs/CF Association (CEMA) which ranks each material
Size: in 5 categories. Table B lists the codes for many
materials that can be effectively conveyed by a
Very Fine — 100 mesh and under A
screw conveyor. If a material is not listed in Table
Fine — 1⁄8” mesh and under B B, it must be classified according to Table A, or by
Granular — 1⁄2” mesh and under C referring to a listed material that is similar in weight,
Lumpy — containing lumps over 1⁄2” D particle size and other characteristics.
Irregular — fibrous, stringy, etc E
Flowability: Example:
Gluten, Meal = 40B35P (from table B)
Very free flowing 1

Free flowing 2 40 = Density (40 lbs per cubic foot)

Average flowability 3 B = Size of material (fine, 1⁄8” mesh and under)

Sluggish 4 3 = Flowability (average)

Abrasiveness: 5 = Abrasiveness (mild)

Mildly abrasive 5 P = Other Characteristics (contaminable)
Moderately abrasive 6
Extremely abrasive 7
Other Characteristics:
Builds up & hardens F
Generates static electricity G
Decomposes — deteriorates in storage H
Flammability J
Becomes plastic or tends to soften K
Very dusty L
Aerates and becomes fluid M
Explosiveness N
Stickiness-adhesion O
Contaminable, affecting use P
Degradable, affecting use Q
Gives off harmful or toxic gas or fumes R
Highly corrosive S
Mildly corrosive T
Hygroscopic U
Interlocks, mats or agglomerates V
Oils present W
Packs under pressure X
Very light and fluffy — may be windswept Y
Elevated temperature Z

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 Conveyor Engineering & Manufacturing

materials
Table B: Material Characteristics

WEIGHT (lbs/CF) MAT'L

MAT'L CLASS CONV COMPONENT FACTOR
MATERIAL Code Loading GROUP Min MAX Fm Vert.*
Adipic Acid 45A35 30A 2B 45 45 0.5 x
Alfalfa Meal 18B45WY 30A 2D 14 22 0.6 x
Alfalfa Pellets 42C25 45 2D 41 43 0.5
Alfalfa Seed 13B15N 45 1A,1B,1C 10 15 0.4 x
Almonds, Broken 29C35Q 30A 2D 27 30 0.9
Almonds, Whole Shelled 29C35Q 30A 2D 28 30 0.9
Alum, Fine 48B35U 30A 3D 45 50 0.6
Alum, Lumps 55B25 45 2A,2B 50 60 1.4
Alumina 58B27MY 15 3D 55 65 1.8
Alumina Fines 35A27MY 15 3D 35 35 1.6
Alumina Sized or Briquette 65D37 15 3D 65 65 2.0
Aluminate Gel (Aluminate Hydroxide) 45B35 30B 2D 45 45 1.7 x
Aluminum Chips, Dry 11E45V 30A 2D 7 15 1.2
Aluminum Chips, Oily 11E45VY 30A 2D 7 15 0.8 x
Aluminum Hydrate 17C35 30A 1A,1B,1C 13 20 1.4 x
Aluminum Ore (see Bauxite)
Aluminum Oxide 90A17MN 15 3D 60 120 1.8
Aluminum Silicate (Andalusite) 49C35S 45 3A,3B 49 49 0.7 x
Aluminum Sulfate 52C25 45 1A,1B,1C 45 58 1.3
Ammonium Chloride, Crystalline 49A45FRS 30A 1A,1B,1C 45 52 1.0 ?
Ammonium Nitrate 54A35NTU 30A 3D 45 62 1.6 ?
Ammonium Sulfate 52C35FOTU 30A 1A,1B,1C 45 58 1.0 ?
Antimony Powder A35 30B 2D — 1.6 x
Apple Pomace, Dry 15C45Y 30B 2D 15 15 1.0 x
Arsenate of Lead (Lead Arsenate) 72A35R 30A 1A,1B,1C 72 72 1.4 ?
Arsenic Oxide (Arsenolite)** 110A35R 30A - 100 120 1.2
Arsenic Pulverized 30A25R 45 2D 30 30 1.0
Asbestos-Rock (Ore) 81D37R 15 3D 81 81 2.0 ?
Asbestos-Shredded 30E46XY 30B 2D 20 40 1.0 ?
Ash, Black Ground 105B35 30A 1A,1B,1C 105 105 2.5
Ashes, Coal, dry, 1⁄2” 40C46TY 30B 3D 35 45 3.0 x
Ashes, Coal, dry, 3” 38D46T 30B 3D 35 40 2.5
Ashes, Coal, Wet, 1⁄2” 48C46T 30B 3D 45 50 3.0
Ashes, Coal, Wet, 3” 48D46T 30B 3D 45 50 4.0
Ashes, Fly ( Fly Ash) 38A36M 30B 3D 30 45 2.0
Aspartic Acid 42A35XPLO 30A 1A,1B,1C 33 51 1.5 ?
Asphalt, Crushed, 1⁄2” 45C45 30A 1A,1B,1C 45 45 2.0 x
Bagasse 9E45RVXY 30A 2A,2B,2C 7 10 1.5
Bakelite, Fine 38B25 45 1A,1B,1C 30 45 1.4 x
Baking Powder 48A35 30A 1B 40 55 0.6 x
Baking Soda (Sodium Bicarbonate) 48A25 45 1B 40 55 0.6 x
Barite (Barium Sulfate), 1⁄2” to 3” 150D36 30B 3D 120 180 2.6
Barite, Powder 150A35X 30A 2D 120 180 2.0 x
Barium Carbonate 72A45R 30A 2D 72 72 1.6
Bark, Wood, Refuse 15E45TVY 30A 3D 10 20 2.0
Barley, Fine, Ground 31B35 30A 1A,1B,1C 24 38 0.4 x
Barley, Malted 31C35 30A 1A,1B,1C 31 31 0.4 x
Barley, Meal 28C35 30A 1A,1B,1C 28 28 0.4 x
Barley, Whole 42B25N 45 1A,1B,1C 36 48 0.5 x
Basalt 93B27 15 3D 80 105 1.8 ?
Bauxite, Crushed, 3” (Aluminum Ore) 80D36 30B 3D 75 85 2.5 ?
Bauxite, Dry, Ground (Aluminum Ore) 68B25 45 2D 68 68 1.8 ?
Beans, Castor, Meal 38B35W 30A 1A,1B,1C 35 40 0.8 x
Beans, Castor, Whole Shelled 36C15W 45 1A,1B,1C 36 36 0.5 x

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Conveyor Engineering & Manufacturing

materials
Table B: Material Characteristics (continued)

WEIGHT (lbs/CF) MAT'L

MAT'L CLASS CONV COMPONENT FACTOR
MATERIAL Code Loading GROUP Min MAX Fm Vert.*
Beans, Navy, Dry 48C15 45 1A,1B,1C 48 48 0.5 ?
Beans, Navy, Steeped 60C25 45 1A,1B,1C 60 60 0.8 ?
Bentonite, 100 Mesh 55A25MXY 45 2D 50 60 0.7 x
Bentonite, Crude 37D45X 30A 2D 34 40 1.2
Benzene Hexachloride 56A45R 30A 1A,1B,1C 56 56 0.6 ?
Bicarbonate of Soda (Baking Soda) 48A25 45 1B 40 55 0.6 ?
Blood, Dried 40D45U 30A 2D 35 45 2.0 x
Blood, Ground, Dried 30A35U 30A 1A,1B, 30 30 1.0 x
Bone Ash (Tricalcium Phosphate) 45A45 30A 1A,1B 40 50 1.6
Boneblack 23A25Y 45 1A,1B 20 25 1.5 x
Bonechar 34B35 30A 1A,1B 27 40 1.6 x
Bonemeal 55B35 30A 2D 50 60 1.7 x
Bones, Crushed 43D45 30A 2D 35 50 2.0 x
Bones, Ground 50B35 30A 2D 50 50 1.7 x
Bones, Whole** 43E45V 30A 2D 35 50 3.0
Borate of Lime 60A35 30A 1A,1B,1C 60 60 0.6
Borax Screening, 1⁄2” 58C35 30A 2D 55 60 1.5
Borax, 1-1⁄2” to 2” Lump 58D35 30A 2D 55 60 1.8
Borax, 2” to 3” Lump 65D35 30A 2D 60 70 2.0
Borax, Fine 50B25T 45 3D 45 55 0.7 x
Boric Acid, Fine 55B25T 45 3D 55 55 0.8 x
Boron 75A37 15 2D 75 75 1.0
Bran, Rice-Rye-Wheat 18B355NY 30A 1A,1B,1C 16 20 0.5
Braunite (Manganese Oxide) 120A36 30B 2D 120 120 2.0
Bread Crumbs 23B35PQ 30A 1A,1B,1C 20 25 0.6
Brewer’s Grain, spent, dry 22C45 30A 1A,1B,1C 14 30 0.5 x
Brewer’s Grain, spent, wet 58C45T 30A 2A,2B 55 60 0.8
Brick, Ground, 1⁄8” 110B37 15 3D 100 120 2.2
Bronze Chips 40B45 30A 2D 30 50 2.0
Buckwheat 40B25N 45 1A,1B,1C 37 42 0.4 x
Calcine, Flour 80A35 30A 1A,1B,1C 75 85 0.7
Calcium Carbide 80D25N 30A 2D 70 90 2.0 ?
Calcium Carbonate (see Limestone)
Calcium Fluoride (see Fluorspar)
Calcium Hydrate (Lime, Hydrated) 40B35LM 30A 2D 40 40 0.8 ?
Calcium Hydroxide (Lime, Hydrated) 40B35LM 30A 2D 40 40 0.8 ?
Calcium Lactate 28D45QTR 30A 2A,2B 26 29 0.6
Calcium Oxide (Lime, unslaked) 63B35U 30A 1A,1B,1C 60 65 0.6 ?
Calcium Phosphate 45A45 30A 1A,1B,1C 40 50 1.6
Calcium Sulfate (see Gypsum)
Canola Meal (Rape Seed Meal)** 38 ? ? 34 41 0.8 ?
Carbon, Activated, Dry, Fine** - - - - - - ?
Carbon, Black, Pelleted** - - - - - - ?
Carbon, Black, Powder** - - - - - 2.0
Carborundum 100D27 15 3D 100 100 3.0
Casein 36B35 30A 2D 36 36 1.6
Cashew Nuts 35C45 30A 2D 32 37 0.7
Cast Iron, Chips 165C45 30A 2D 130 200 4.0
Caustic Soda (Sodium Hydroxide) 88B35RSU 30A 3D 88 88 1.8
Caustic Soda, Flakes 47C45RSUX 30A 3A,3B 47 47 1.5
Celite (Diatomaceous Earth) 14A36Y 30B 3D 11 17 1.6 ?
Cement, Aerated (Portland) 68A16M 30B 2D 60 75 1.4 x
Cement, Clinker 85D36 30B 3D 75 95 1.8
Cement, Mortar 133B35Q 30A 3D 133 133 3.0

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 Conveyor Engineering & Manufacturing

materials
Table B: Material Characteristics (continued)

WEIGHT (lbs/CF) MAT'L

MAT'L CLASS CONV COMPONENT FACTOR
MATERIAL Code Loading GROUP Min MAX Fm Vert.*
Cement, Portland 94A26M 30B 2D 94 94 1.4 x
Cerrusite (Lead Carbonate) 250A35R 30A 2D 240 260 1.0 ?
Chalk, Crushed 85D25 30A 2D 75 95 1.9
Chalk, Pulverized 71A25MXY 45 2D 67 75 1.4
Charcoal, Ground 23A45 30A 2D 18 28 1.2
Charcoal, Lumps 23D45Q 30A 2D 18 28 1.4
Chocolate, Cake Pressed 43D25 30A 2B 40 45 1.5
Chrome Ore 133D36 30B 3D 125 140 2.5
Cinders, Blast Furnace 57D36T 30B 3D 57 57 1.9
Cinders, Coal 40D36T 30B 3D 40 40 1.8
Clay (Marl) 80D36 30B 2D 80 80 1.6 ?
Clay (see Bentonite, Diat. Earth)
Clay (see also Fuller’s Earth, Kaolin & Marl)
Clay, Brick, Dry, Fines 110C36 30B 3D 100 120 2.0
Clay, Calcined 90B36 30B 3D 80 100 2.4
Clay, Ceramic, Dry, Fines 70A35P 30A 1A,1B,1C 60 80 1.5 x
Clay, Dry, Lumpy 68D35 30A 2D 60 75 1.8
Clinker, Cement (Cement Clinker) 85D36 30B 3D 75 95 1.8 ?
Clover Seed 47B25N 45 1A,1B,1C 45 48 0.4 x
Coal, Anthracite (River & Culm) 58B35TY 30A 2A,2B 55 61 1.0
Coal, Anthracite, Sized, 1⁄2” 55C25 45 2A,2B 49 61 1.0
Coal, Bituminous, Mined 50D35LNYX 30A 1A,1B 40 60 1.0
Coal, Bituminous, Mined, Sized 48D35QV 30A 1A,1B 45 50 1.0
Coal, Bituminous, Mined, Slack 47C45T 30A 2A,2B 43 50 0.9
Coal, Lignite 41D35T 30A 2D 37 45 1.0
Cocoa Beans 38C25Q 30A 1A,1B 30 45 0.5
Cocoa, Nibs 35C25 45 2D 35 35 0.5
Cocoa, Powdered 33A45XY 30A 1B 30 35 0.9
Coconut, Shredded 21E45 30B 2B 20 22 1.5 x
Coffee, Chaff 20B25FZMY 45 1A,1B 20 20 1.0 x
Coffee, Green Bean 29C25PQ 45 1A,1B 25 32 0.5
Coffee, Ground, Dry 25A35P 30A 1A,1B 25 25 0.6 x
Coffee, Ground, Wet 40A45X 30A 1A,1B 35 45 0.6
Coffee, Roasted Bean 25C25PQ 45 1B 20 30 0.4 x
Coffee, Soluble 19A35PUY 30A 1B 19 19 0.4 x
Coke, Breeze 30C37 15 3D 25 35 1.2
Coke, Loose 30D37 15 3D 25 35 1.2
Coke, Petrol, Calcined 40D37 15 3D 35 45 1.3
Compost 40D45TV 30A 3A,3B 30 50 1.0
Concrete, Pre-Mix Dry 103C36U 30B 3D 85 120 3.0
Copper Ore 135D36 30B 3D 120 150 4.0
Copper Ore, Crushed 125D36 30B 3D 100 150 4.0
Copper Sulphate, (Bluestone, Cupric Sulphate) 85C35S 30A 2A,2B,2C 75 95 1.0
Copperas (Ferrous Sulphate) 63C35U 30A 2D 50 75 1.0 ?
Copra, Cake Ground 43B45HW 30A 1A,1B,1C 40 45 0.7 x
Copra, Cake, Lumpy 28D35HW 30A 2A,2B,2C 25 30 0.8
Copra, Lumpy 22E35HW 30A 2A,2B,2C 22 22 1.0
Copra, Meal 43B35HW 30A 2D 40 45 0.7 x
Cork, Fine Ground 10B35JNY 30A 1A,1B,1C 5 15 0.5 x
Cork, Granulated 14C35JY 30A 1A,1B,1C 12 15 0.5 x
Corn Cobs, Ground 17C25Y 45 1A,1B,1C 17 17 0.6
Corn Cobs, Whole* 14E45NV 30A 2A,2B 12 15 x
Corn Fiber, Dry 14B46P 30B 1A,1B,1C 12 15 1.0 x
Corn Fiber, Wet 33B46P 30B 1A,1B,1C 15 50 1.5 x

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Conveyor Engineering & Manufacturing

materials
Table B: Material Characteristics (continued)

WEIGHT (lbs/CF) MAT'L

MAT'L CLASS CONV COMPONENT FACTOR
MATERIAL Code Loading GROUP Min MAX Fm Vert.*
Corn Oil, Cake 25D45HW 30A 1A,1B 25 25 0.6 x
Corn, Cracked 45B25P 45 1A,1B,1C 40 50 0.7 x
Corn, Ear** - - 2A,2B 56 56 -
Corn, Germ, Dry 21B35PY 30A 1A,1B,1C 21 21 0.4 x
Corn, Germ, Wet (50% moisture) 30B35PY 30A 1A,1B,1C 30 30 0.4
Corn, Gluten (see Gluten Meal)
Corn, Grits 43B35P 30A 1A,1B,1C 40 45 0.5 x
Corn, Seed 45C25PQ 45 1A,1B,1C 45 45 0.4
Corn, Shelled 45C25 45 1A,1B,1C 45 45 0.4 x
Corn, Starch* 38A15MN 45 1A,1B,1C 25 50 1.0 ?
Corn, Sugar 33B35PU 30A 1B 30 35 1.3 x
Cornmeal 36B35P 30A 1A,1B 32 40 0.5 x
Cottonseed, Cake 43C45HW 30A 1A,1B 40 45 1.0 x
Cottonseed, Dry, Delinted 31C25X 45 1A,1B 22 40 0.6 x
Cottonseed, Dry, Not Delinted 22C45XY 30A 1A,1B 18 25 0.9 x
Cottonseed, Flakes 23C35HWY 30A 1A,1B 20 25 0.8 x
Cottonseed, Hulls 12B35Y 30A 1A,1B 12 12 0.9 x
Cottonseed, Meal, Expeller 28B45HW 30A 3A,3B 25 30 0.5 x
Cottonseed, Meal, Extracted 38B45HW 30A 1A,1B 35 40 0.5 x
Cottonseed, Meats, Dry 40B35HW 30A 1A,1B 40 40 0.6 x
Cottonseed, Meats, Rolled 38C45HW 30A 1A,1B 35 40 0.6 x
Cracklings, Crushed 45D45HW 30A 2A,2B,2C 40 50 1.3 x
Cryolite, Dust (Sodium Aluminum Fluoride) 83A36V 30B 2D 75 90 2.0 x
Cryolite, Lumpy (Kryalith) 100D36 30B 2D 90 110 2.1 x
Cullet, Fine 100C37 15 3D 80 120 2.0
Cullet, Lump 100D37 15 3D 80 120 2.5
Culm, (Coal, Anthracite) 58B35TY 30A 2A,2B 55 61 1.0 ?
Cupric Sulphate (Copper Sulfate) 85C35S 30A 2A,2B,2C 75 95 1.0 ?
Diatomaceous Earth (Filter Aid, Precoat) 14A36Y 30B 3D 11 17 1.6 ?
Dicalcium Phosphate 45A35 30A 1A,1B,1C 40 50 1.6 x
Disodium Phosphate 28A35 30A 3D 25 31 0.5
Distiller’s Grain, Spent Wet 50C45V 30A 3A,3B 40 60 0.8
Distiller’s Grain, Spent Wet w/Syrup 56C45VXOH 30A 3A,3B 43 68 1.2
Distiller’s Grain-Spent Dry 30B35 30A 2D 30 30 0.5
Dolomite, Crushed 90C36 30B 2D 80 100 2.0
Dolomite, Lumpy 95D36 30B 2D 90 100 2.0
Earth, Loam, Dry, Loose 76C36 30B 2D 76 76 1.2
Ebonite, Crushed 67C35 30A 1A,1B,1C 63 70 0.8 x
Egg Powder 16A35MPY 30A 1B 16 16 1.0
Epsom Salts (Magnesium Sulfate) 45A35U 30A 1A,1B,1C 40 50 0.8 x
Feldspar, Ground 73A37 15 2D 65 80 2.0
Feldspar, Lumps 95D37 15 2D 90 100 2.0
Feldspar, Powder 100A36 30B 2D 100 100 2.0
Felspar, Screenings 78C37 15 2D 75 80 2.0
Ferrous Sulfide, 1⁄2” (Iron Sulfide, Pyrites) 128C26 30B 1A,1B,1C 120 135 2.0 x
Ferrous Sulfide, 100M (Iron Sulfide, Pyrites) 113A36 30B 1A,1B,1C 105 120 2.0 x
Ferrous Sulphate (Iron Sulphate, Copperas) 63C35U 30A 2D 50 75 1.0
Filter-Aid (Diatomaceous Earth, Precoat) 14A36Y 30B 3D 11 17 1.6 ?
Fish Meal 38C45HP 30A 1A,1B,1C 35 40 1.0 x
Fish Scrap 45D45H 30A 2A,2B,2C 40 50 1.5
Flaxseed 44B35X 30A 1A,1B,1C 43 45 0.4 x
Flaxseed Cake (Linseed Cake) 49D45W 30A 2A,2B 48 50 0.7
Flaxseed Meal (Linseed Meal) 35B45W 30A 1A,1B 25 45 0.4 x
Flour Wheat 37A45LP 30A 1B 33 40 0.6 ?

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materials
Table B: Material Characteristics (continued)

WEIGHT (lbs/CF) MAT'L

MAT'L CLASS CONV COMPONENT FACTOR
MATERIAL Code Loading GROUP Min MAX Fm Vert.*
Flue Dust, Basic Oxygen Furnace 53A36LM 30B 3D 45 60 3.5
Flue Dust, Blast Furnace 118A36 30B 3D 110 125 3.5
Flue Dust, Boiler H. Dry 38A36LM 30B 3D 30 45 2.0
Fluorspar, Fine (Calcium Floride) 90B36 30B 2D 80 100 2.0
Fluorspar, Lumps 100D36 30B 2D 90 110 2.0
Flyash 38A36M 30B 3D 30 45 2.0 ?
Foundry Sand, Dry (Sand) 95D37Z 15 3D 90 100 2.6 ?
Fuller’s Earth, Calcined 40A25 45 3D 40 40 2.0
Fuller’s Earth, Dry, Raw (Bleach Clay) 35A25 45 2D 30 40 2.0
Fuller’s Earth, Oily, Spent (Spent Bleach Clay) 63C45OW 30A 3D 60 65 2.0
Galena (Lead Sulfide) 250A35R 30A 2D 240 260 - ?
Gelatine, Granulated 32B35PU 30A 1B 32 32 0.8 x
Gilsonite 37C35 30A 3D 37 37 1.5
Glass, Batch 90C37 15 3D 80 100 2.5
Glue, Ground 40B45U 30A 2D 40 40 1.7
Glue, Pearl 40C35U 30A 1A,1B,1C 40 40 0.5
Glue, Veg. Powdered 40A45U 30A 1A,1B,1C 40 40 0.6
Gluten, Meal (Dry Corn Gluten) 40B35P 30A 1B 40 40 0.6
Gluten, Meal (Wet Corn Gluten) 43B35OPH 30A 1B 43 43 2.2
Granite, Fine 85C27 15 3D 80 90 2.5
Grape, Pomace 18D45U 30A 2D 15 20 1.4 x
Graphite Flake (Plumago) 40B25LP 45 1A,1B,1C 40 40 0.5 x
Graphite Flour 28A35LMP 30A 1A,1B,1C 28 28 0.5
Graphite Ore 70D35L 30A 2D 65 75 1.0 ?
Guano Dry** 70C35 30A 3A,3B 70 70 2.0
Gypsum, Calcined (Plaster of Paris) 58B35U 30A 2D 55 60 1.6
Gypsum, Calcined, Powdered (Plaster of Paris) 70A35U 30A 2D 60 80 2.0
Gypsum, Raw 1” (Calc. Sulfate, Plast. of Paris) 75D25 30A 2D 70 80 2.0
Hay, Chopped** 10C35JY 30A 2A,2B 8 12 1.6
Hexanedioic Acid (Adipic Acid) 45A35 30A 2B 45 45 0.5 ?
Hominy, Dry 43C25D 30A 1A,1B,1C 35 50 0.4 x
Hops, Spend, Dry 35D35 30A 2A,2B,2C 35 35 1.0 x
Hops, Spent, Wet 53D45V 30A 2A,2B 50 55 1.5
Ice, Crushed 40D35O 30A 2A,2B 35 45 0.4 x
Ice, Cubes 34D35O 30A 1B 33 35 0.4 x
Ice, Flaked** 43C35O 30A 1B 40 45 0.6 x
Ice, Shell 34D45O 30A 1B 33 35 0.4 x
Ilmenite Ore (Titanium Dioxide) 150D37 15 3D 140 160 2.0
Iron Ore Concentrate 150A37 15 3D 120 180 2.2
Iron Oxide Pigment 25A36LMP 30B 1A,1B,1C 25 25 1.0
Iron Oxide, Millscale 75C36 30B 2D 75 75 1.6
Iron Pyrites (see Ferrous Sulfide)
Iron Sulfide (see Ferrous Sulfide)
Iron Sulphate (Ferrous Sulfate) 63C35U 30A 2D 50 75 1.0 ?
Iron Vitriol (Ferrous Sulfate) 63C35U 30A 2D 50 75 1.0 ?
Kafir (Corn) 43C25 45 3D 40 45 0.5 x
Kaolin Clay 63D25 30A 2D 63 63 2.0
Kaolin Clay (Tale) 49A35LMP 30A 2D 42 56 2.0
Kryalith (see Cryolite)
Lactose 32A35PU 30A 1B 32 32 0.6
Lamp Black (see Carbon Black)
Lead Arsenate 72A35R 30A 1A,1B,1C 72 72 1.4
Lead Carbonate (Cerrusite) 250A35R 30A 2D 240 260 1.0
Lead Ore, 1⁄2” 205C36 30B 3D 180 230 1.4

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Table B: Material Characteristics (continued)

WEIGHT (lbs/CF) MAT'L

MAT'L CLASS CONV COMPONENT FACTOR
MATERIAL Code Loading GROUP Min MAX Fm Vert.*
Lead Ore, 1⁄8” 235B35 30A 3D 200 270 1.4
Lead Oxide (Red Lead, Litharge) 100 Mesh 90A35P 30A 2D 30 150 1.2
Lead Oxide (Red Lead, Litharge) 200 Mesh 105A35LP 30A 2D 30 180 1.2
Lead Sulphide, 100 Mesh (Galena) 250A35R 30A 2D 240 260 --
Lignite (Coal Lignite) 41D35T 30A 2D 37 45 1.0 ?
Limanite, Ore, Brown 120C47 15 3D 120 120 1.7
Lime Hydrated (Calcium Hydrate, Hydroxide) 40B35LM 30A 2D 40 40 0.8 x
Lime Pebble 55C25HU 45 2A,2B 53 56 2.0
Lime, Ground, Unslaked (Quicklime) 63B35U 30A 1A,1B,1C 60 65 0.6 x
Lime, Hydrated, Pulverized 36A35LM 30A 1A,1B 32 40 0.6 x
Limestone, Agricultural (Calcium Carbonate) 68B35 30A 2D 68 68 2.0
Limestone, Crushed (Calcium Carbonate) 88D36 30B 2D 85 90 2.0
Limestone, Dust (Calcium Carbonate) 75A46MY 30B 2D 55 95 1.8
Lindane (Benzene Hexachloride) 56A45R 30A 1A,1B,1C 56 56 0.6
Linseed (Flaxseed) 44B35X 30A 1A,1B,1C 43 45 0.4 ?
Lithopone 48A35MR 30A 1A,1B 45 50 1.0
Magnesium Chloride (Magnesite) 33C45 30A 1A,1B,1C 33 33 1.0
Maize (Milo) 43B15N 45 1A,1B,1C 40 45 0.4 ?
Malt, Dry Whole 25C35N 30A 1A,1B,1C 20 30 0.5 x
Malt, Dry, Ground 25C35N 30A 1A,1B,1C 20 30 0.5 x
Malt, Meal 38B25P 30A 1A,1B,1C 36 40 0.4 x
Malt, Sprouts 14C35P 30A 1A,1B,1C 13 15 0.4 x
Manganese Dioxide** 78A35NRT 30A 2A,2B 70 85 1.5
Manganese Ore 133D37 15 3D 125 140 2.0
Manganese Oxide 120A36 30B 2D 120 120 2.0
Manganese Sulfate 70C37 15 3D 70 70 2.4
Marble, Crushed 88B37 15 3D 80 95 2.0
Marl (Clay) 80D36 30B 2D 80 80 1.6 ?
Meat, Ground 53E45HQTX 30A 2A 50 55 1.5
Meat, Scrap (W/bone) 40E46H 30B 2B 40 40 1.5
Mica, Flakes 20B16MY 30B 2D 17 22 1.0 x
Mica, Ground 14B36 30B 2D 13 15 0.9 x
Mica, Pulverized 14A36M 30B 2D 13 15 1.0 x
Milk, Dried, Flake 6B35PUY 30A 1B 5 6 0.4
Milk, Malted 29A45PX 30A 1B 27 30 0.9
Milk, Powdered 33B25PM 45 1B 20 45 0.5
Milk, Sugar 32A35PX 30A 1B 32 32 0.6
Milk, Whole, Powdered 28B35PUX 30A 1B 20 36 0.5
Mill Scale (Steel) 123E46T 30B 3D 120 125 3.0
Milo Maize (Kafir) 43B15N 45 1A,1B,1C 40 45 0.4 x
Milo, Ground (Sorghum Seed, Kafir) 34B25 45 1A,1B,1C 32 36 0.5 x
Molybdenite Powder 107B26 30B 2D 107 107 1.5
Motar, Wet** 150E46T 30B 3D 150 150 3.0
Mustard Seed 45B15N 45 1A,1B,1C 45 45 0.4 x
Naphthalene Flakes 45B35 30A 1A,1B,1C 45 45 0.7 x
Niacin (Nicotinic Acid) 35A35P 30A 2D 35 35 0.8
Oat Hulls 10B35NY 30A 1A,1B,1C 8 12 0.5 x
Oats 26C25MN 45 1A,1B,1C 26 26 0.4 x
Oats, Crimped 23C35 30A 1A,1B,1C 19 26 0.5 x
Oats, Crushed 22B45NY 30A 1A,1B,1C 22 22 0.6 x
Oats, Flour 35A35 30A 1A,1B,1C 35 35 0.5 x
Oats, Rolled 22C35NY 30A 1A,1B,1C 19 24 0.6 x
Oleo (Margarine) 59E45HKPWX 30A 2A,2B 59 59 0.4
Orange Peel, Dry 15E45 30A 2A,2B 15 15 1.5

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Table B: Material Characteristics (continued)

WEIGHT (lbs/CF) MAT'L

MAT'L CLASS CONV COMPONENT FACTOR
MATERIAL Code Loading GROUP Min MAX Fm Vert.*
Oxalic Acid Crystals – Ethane Diacid Crystals 60B35QS 30A 1A,1B 60 60 1.0
Oyster Shells, Ground 55C36T 30B 3D 50 60 1.8
Oyster Shells, Whole 80D36TV 30B 3D 80 80 2.3
Paper Pulp (4% or less) 62E45 30A 2A,2B 62 62 1.5
Paper Pulp (6% to 15%) 62E45 30A 2A,2B 60 62 1.5
Paraffin Cake, 1⁄2” 45C45K 30A 1A,1B 45 45 0.6
Peanut Meal 30B35P 30A 1B 30 30 0.6 x
Peanuts, Clean, in shell 18D35Q 30A 2A,2B 15 20 0.6
Peanuts, Raw (Uncleaned, Unshelled) 18D36Q 30B 3D 15 20 0.7
Peanuts, Shelled 40C35Q 30A 1B 35 45 0.4
Peas, Dried 48C15NQ 45 1A,1B,1C 45 50 0.5 x
Perlite, Expanded 10C36 30B 2D 8 12 0.6
Phosphate Acid Fertilizer 60B25T 45 2A,2B 60 60 1.4
Phosphate Disodium (Sodium Phosphate) 55A35 30A 1A,1B 50 60 0.9
Phosphate Rock, Broken 80D36 30B 2D 75 85 2.1
Phosphate Rock, Pulverized 60B36 30B 2D 60 60 1.7
Phosphate Sand 95B37 15 3D 90 100 2.0
Plaster of Paris (see Gypsum)
Plumbago (see Graphite)
Polyethylene, Resin Pellets 33C45Q 30A 1A,1B 30 35 0.4 ?
Polystyrene Beads 40B35PQ 30A 1B 40 40 0.4
Polyvinyl Chloride Powder (PVC) 25A45KT 30A 2B 20 30 1.0
Polyvinyl, Chloride Pellets 25E45KPQT 30A 1B 20 30 0.6
Potash (Muriate) Dry 70B37 15 3D 70 70 2.0
Potash (Muriate) Mine Run 75D37 15 3D 75 75 2.2
Potassium Carbonate 51B36 30B 2D 51 51 1.0
Potassium Nitrate, 1⁄2” (Saltpeter) 76C16NT 30B 3D 76 76 1.2 x
Potassium Nitrate, 1⁄8” (Saltpeter) 80B26NT 30B 3D 80 80 1.2
Potassium Sulfate 45B46X 30B 2D 42 48 1.0
Potassium-Chloride Pellets 125C25TU 45 3D 120 130 1.6
Potato Flour 48A35MNP 30A 1A,1B 48 48 0.5 x
Pumice, 1⁄8” 45B46 30B 3D 42 48 1.6
Pyrite, Pellets 125C26 30B 3D 120 130 2.0
Quartz, 1⁄2” (Silicon Dioxide) 85C27 15 3D 80 90 2.0
Quartz,100 Mesh (Silicon Dioxide) 75A27 15 3D 70 80 1.7
Rape Seed Meal (Canola) 38 ? ? 34 41 0.8 ?
Rice, Bran 20B35NY 30A 1A,1B,1C 20 20 0.4 x
Rice, Grits 44B35P 30A 1A,1B,1C 42 45 0.4 x
Rice, Hulled 47C25P 45 1A,1B,1C 45 49 0.4 x
Rice, Hulls 21B35NY 30A 1A,1B,1C 20 21 0.4 x
Rice, Polished 30C15P 45 1A,1B,1C 30 30 0.4 x
Rice, Rough 34C35N 30A 1A,1B,1C 32 36 0.6 x
Rosin, 1⁄2” 67C45Q 30A 1A,1B,1C 65 68 1.5
Rubber, Pelleted 53D45 30A 2A,2B,2C 50 55 1.5
Rubber, Reclaimed Ground 37C45 30A 1A,1B,1C 23 50 0.8 x
Rye 45B15N 45 1A,1B,1C 42 48 0.4 x
Rye Bran 18B35Y 30A 1A,1B,1C 15 20 0.4 x
Rye Feed 33B35N 30A 1A,1B,1C 33 33 0.5 x
Rye Meal 38B35 30A 1A,1B,1C 35 40 0.5 x
Rye Middlings 42B35 30A 1A,1B 42 42 0.5 x
Rye, Shorts 33C35 30A 2A,2B 32 33 0.5 x
Safflower Seed (Saffron) 45B15N 45 1A,1B,1C 45 45 0.4 x
Safflower, Cake (Saffron) 50D26 30B 2D 50 50 0.6
Safflower, Meal (Saffron) 50B35 30A 1A,1B,1C 50 50 0.6 x

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Table B: Material Characteristics (continued)

WEIGHT (lbs/CF) MAT'L

MAT'L CLASS CONV COMPONENT FACTOR
MATERIAL Code Loading GROUP Min MAX Fm Vert.*
Saffron (see Safflower)
Sal Ammoniac (Ammonium Chloride) 49A45FRS 30A 1A,1B,1C 45 52 0.7 ?
Salicylic Acid 29B37U 15 3D 29 29 0.6
Salt Cake, Dry Coarse (Sodium Sulfate) 85B36TU 30B 3D 85 85 2.1
Salt Cake, Dry Pulverized (Sodium Sulfate) 75B36TU 30B 3D 65 85 1.7
Salt, Dry Coarse (Sodium Chloride) 53C36TU 30B 3D 45 60 1.0 x
Salt, Dry Fine (Sodium Chloride) 75B36TU 30B 3D 70 80 1.7 x
Saltpeter (see Potassium Nitrate)
Sand (Resin Coated) Silica 104B27 15 3D 104 104 2.0
Sand (Resin Coated) Zircon 115A27 15 3D 115 115 2.3
Sand Dry Bank (Damp) 120B47 15 3D 110 130 2.8
Sand Dry Bank (Dry) 100B37 15 3D 90 110 1.7
Sand Dry Silica 95B27 15 3D 90 100 2.0
Sand Foundry (Shake Out) 95D37Z 15 3D 90 100 2.6
Sawdust, Dry 12B45UX 30A 1A,1B,1C 10 13 0.7
Sea-Coal 65B36 30B 2D 65 65 1.0
Sesame Seed 34B26 30B 2D 27 41 0.6 x
Shale, Crushed 88C36 30B 2D 85 90 2.0
Shellac, Powdered or Granulated 31B35P 30A 1B 31 31 0.6 x
Silica Gel, 1⁄2” to 3” 45D37HKQU 15 3D 45 45 2.0
Silica, Flour 80A46 30B 2D 80 80 1.5
Silicon Dioxide (see Quartz)
Slag, Blast Furnace Crushed 155D37Y 15 3D 130 180 2.4
Slag, Furnace Granular, Dry 63C37 15 3D 60 65 2.2 ?
Slate, Crushed, 1⁄2” 85C36 30B 2D 80 90 2.0
Slate, Ground, 1⁄8” 84B36 30B 2D 82 85 1.6
Sludge, Sewage, Dried 45E47TW 15 3D 40 50 0.8 ?
Sludge, Sewage, Dry Ground 50B46S 30B 2D 45 55 0.8
Soap Detergent 33B35FQ 30A 1A,1B,1C 15 50 0.8
Soap, Beads or Granules 25B35Q 30A 1A,1B,1C 15 35 0.6
Soap, Chips 20C35Q 30A 1A,1B,1C 15 25 0.6
Soap, Flakes 10B35QXY 30A 1A,1B,1C 5 15 0.6
Soap, Powder 23B25X 45 1A,1B,1C 20 25 0.9
Soapstone, Talc, Fine 45A45XY 30A 1A,1B,1C 40 50 2.0
Soda Ash, Heavy (Sodium Carbonate) 60B36 30B 2D 55 65 1.0
Soda Ash, Light (Sodium Carbonate) 28A36Y 30B 2D 20 35 0.8 x
Sodium Aluminate, Ground 72B36 30B 2D 72 72 1.0
Sodium Aluminum Fluoride (see Cryolite)
Sodium Aluminum Sulphate** 75A36 30B 2D 75 75 1.0
Sodium Bentonite (see Bentonite)
Sodium Bicarbonate (Baking Soda) 48A25 45 1B 40 55 0.6 ?
Sodium Borate (see Borax)
Sodium Carbonate (see Soda Ash)
Sodium Chloride (see Salt)
Sodium Hydroxide (see Caustic Soda)
Sodium Nitrate 75D25NS 30A 2A,2B 70 80 1.2
Sodium Phosphate 55A35 30A 1A,1B 50 60 0.9
Sodium Sulfate (see Salt Cake)
Sodium Sulfite 96B46X 30B 2D 96 96 1.5
Sodium, Hydrate (see Caustic Soda)
Sorghum, Seed (see Kafir or Milo)
Soybean Meal Hot 40B35T 30A 2A,2B 40 40 0.5 x
Soybean Meal, Cold 40B35 30A 1A,1B,1C 40 40 0.5 x
Soybean, Cake 42D35W 30A 2A,1B,1C 40 43 1.0 x

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Table B: Material Characteristics (continued)

WEIGHT (lbs/CF) MAT'L

MAT'L CLASS CONV COMPONENT FACTOR
MATERIAL Code Loading GROUP Min MAX Fm Vert.*
Soybean, Cracked 35C36NW 30B 2D 30 40 0.5 x
Soybean, Flake, Extracted, Wet 34C35 30A 1A,1B,1C 34 34 0.8
Soybean, Flake, Raw 22C35Y 30A 1A,1B,1C 18 25 0.8
Soybean, Flour 29A35MN 30A 1A,1B,1C 27 30 0.8 x
Soybeans, Whole 48C26NW 30B 3D 45 50 1.0
Starch 38A15M 45 1A,1B,1C 25 50 1.0
Steel Turnings, Crushed 125D46WV 30B 3D 100 150 3.0
Sugar Beet, Pulp, Dry 14C26 30B 2D 12 15 0.9
Sugar Beet, Pulp, Wet 35C35X 30A 1A,1B,1C 25 45 1.2
Sugar, Powdered 55A35PX 30A 1B 50 60 0.8 x
Sugar, Raw 60B35PX 30A 1B 55 65 1.5
Sugar, Refined, Granulated Dry 53B35PU 30A 1B 50 55 1.2 x
Sugar, Refined, Granulated Wet 60C35P 30A 1B 55 65 2.0
Sulphur, Crushed, 1⁄2” 55C35N 30A 1A,1B 50 60 0.8
Sulphur, Lumpy, 3” 83D35N 30A 2A,2B 80 85 0.8
Sulphur, Powdered 55A35MN 30A 1A,1B 50 60 0.6
Sunflower Seed 29C15 45 1A,1B,1C 19 38 0.5 x
Sunflower Seed Flakes 28C35 30A 1A,1B,1C 27 28 0.8 ?
Sweet Bran Feed (proprietary to Cargill) 29B45P 30A 1A,1B,1C 21 37 0.6 x
Talcum Powder 55A36M 30B 2D 50 60 0.8 x
Talcum, 1⁄2” 85C36 30B 2D 80 90 0.9
Tanbark, Ground** 55B45 30A 1A,1B,1C 55 55 0.7
Timothy Seed 36B35NY 30A 1A,1B,1C 36 36 0.6 x
Titanium Dioxide based pigments (powder) 42C36FLO 15 3D 34 50 2.0
Tobacco, Scraps 20D45Y 30A 2A,2B 15 25 0.8
Tobacco, Snuff 30B45MQ 30A 1A,1B,1C 30 30 0.9 x
Tricalcium Phosphate 45A45 30A 1A,1B 40 50 1.6
Triple Sugar Phosphate 53B36RS 30B 3D 50 55 2.0
Trisodium Phosphate 60C36 30B 2D 60 60 1.7
Trisodium Phosphate Granular 60B36 30B 2D 60 60 1.7
Trisodium Phosphate, Pulverized 50A36 30B 2D 50 50 1.6
Tung Nut Meats, Crushed 28D25W 30A 2A,2B 28 28 0.8 x
Tung Nuts 28D15 30A 2A,2B 25 30 0.7 x
Urea Prills, Coated 45B25 45 1A,1B,1C 43 46 1.2
Vermiculite, Expanded 16C35Y 30A 1A,1B 16 16 0.5
Vermiculite, Ore 80D36 30B 2D 80 80 1.0
Vetch 48B16N 30B 1A,1B,1C 48 48 0.4 x
Walnut Shells, Crushed 40B36 30B 2D 35 45 1.0 x
Wheat 47C25N 45 1A,1B,1C 45 48 0.4 x
Wheat Flour 37A45LP 45 1B 33 40 0.6 x
Wheat, Cracked 43B25N 45 1A,1B,1C 40 45 0.4 x
Wheat, Germ 23B25 45 1A,1B,1C 18 28 0.4 x
White Lead, Dry 88A36MR 30B 2D 75 100 1.0 x
Wood Chips, Screened 20D45VY 30A 2A,2B 10 30 0.6
Wood Flour 26B35N 30A 1A,1B 16 36 0.4 x
Wood Shavings 12E45VY 30A 2A,2B 8 16 1.5
Zinc Oxide, Heavy 33A45X 30A 1A,1B 30 35 1.0
Zinc Oxide, Light 13A45XY 30A 1A,1B 10 15 1.0 x
Zinc, Concentrate Residue 78B37 15 3D 75 80 1.0

* Products capable of being conveyed vertically. Those listed as "?" typically require a closer look and a modified design.
** Contact Conveyor Eng. & Mfg. for more info.

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Special Materials and Applications
When designing a screw conveyor, special considerations must be given to the selection of components if the material conveyed has
unusual characteristics. The following information will furnish you with some ideas. Contact your Conveyor Engineering and Manufacturing
representative for more assistance.

Abrasive Materials Mixing in Transit

Abrasive materials can cause excessive wear on conveyor When mixing or blending of materials is required, a conveyor screw
components. They should be carried at slower speeds and at lower consisting of ribbon flighting, cut and folded flighting, cut flighting
trough loads. For very abrasive materials, it may be necessary to or paddles may be used alone or in any combination to obtain the
use thicker flights and troughs, surface hardeners or special alloy desired result.
components. (see Abrasion, p.27)
Inclined Conveying
Contaminable Materials Inclined screw conveyors have a greater horsepower requirement
Contaminable materials, such as certain chemicals and food and lower capacity rating than horizontal conveyors. The amount
additives, require the use of sealed end bearings and hanger the horsepower increases and capacity decreases depends on
bearings of wood, nylon or other dry operating type. Trough covers the angle of incline and the characteristics of the material being
should be tightly sealed and easily removable for frequent cleaning conveyed.
and all the internal welds that contact the material may require
polishing to eliminate material entrapment. Viscous or Sticky Materials
Ribbon flight conveyors are recommended in order to minimize
Degradable Materials material build-up. Conveyor Eng. & Mfg. also has a proprietary
Materials that tend to break up or separate should be carried in design available that not only prevents build-up but also allows
large diameter conveyors at very slow speeds to minimize physical accurate conveying and metering of sticky materials.
agitation of the material.
For materials that have these or other special characteristics,
Extreme Temperatures consult our engineering department for design
Conveyors moving materials at extreme temperatures should be recommendations.
constructed of metal alloys designed to meet these conditions.
Highly corrosive materials, combined with high temperatures,
require special attention to construction alloys to maximize
component life. The use of jacketed troughs may be advisable,
wherein a heating or cooling medium may be circulated to keep the
conveyed material within safe operating temperatures. Conveyors
handling hot materials also experience thermal expansion and
will increase in length as the temperature of the trough and screw
increases when the hot material begins to be conveyed. (see
Thermal Expansion, p.26)

Explosive Materials
The conveyor must be designed with non-sparking and explosion
proof components and must be tightly sealed. Where hazardous
dusts exist, an exhaust system may be needed for venting.

Fluidizing Materials
When conveying materials that tend to aerate and increase in
volume, the conveyor size and speed must be designed on the basis
of this larger aerated volume and density. Such materials will often
flow through the clearances around the flights. Slow speeds, low
clearances and special flight edging will help.

Hygroscopic Materials
Hygroscopic materials readily absorb moisture and tend to become
denser and less free flowing. This must be taken into account when
determining the size, speed, and horsepower of the conveyor.
Tightly sealed conveyors that exclude exterior atmosphere are
effective in handling these materials.

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Step 3: Determine capacity, conveyor size and speed

For screws with standard, full pitch flights the conveyor’s speed is:

Required Capacity (ft3/hr)

N =
1 rpm capacity (ft3/hr) from Table D

N = screw rpm (not greater than the max recommended speed)

For the calculation of conveyor speeds where special types of screws are used, such as short pitch, cut flights, cut and folded flights and/
or ribbon flights, an equivalent required capacity must be used, based on factors in Table C. The equivalent capacity then is found by
multiplying the required capacity by one or more of the capacity factors that are involved.

Equivalent Capacity (ft3/hr) = Required Capacity x CF1 x CF2 x CF3

In this case:
Equivalent Capacity (ft3/hr)
N =
1 rpm capacity (ft3/hr) from Table H

See example on p.19

Table c: Capacity Factors

Special screw Pitch capacity factor cf1

pitch description CF1

Standard (full) Pitch = Diameter of screw 1.00

Short Pitch = ⅔ Diameter of screw 1.50
Half Pitch = ½ Diameter of screw 2.00
Long Pitch = 1½ Diameter of screw 0.67

Special screw flight modification capacity factor cf2

conveyor loading

type of flight 15% 30% 45%

Standard 1.00 1.00 1.00

Cut 1.95 1.57 1.43
Cut & Folded not rec. 3.75 2.54
Ribbon 1.04 1.37 1.62

Special screw mixing paddle capacity factor cf3

std paddles per pitch set at 45° reverse pitch

None 1 2 3 4

1.00 1.08 1.16 1.24 1.32

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Table D: Conveyor Capacities
percent screw maximum Capacity (ft3/hr) Capacity (ft3/hr)
trough load diameter recommended rpm at Max rpm per rpm
6 60 45 0.8
9 55 150 2.7
15%
12 50 325 6.5
14 50 520 10.4
16 45 700 15.6
18 45 1,010 22.5
20 40 1,250 31.2
24 40 2,180 54.6
30 30 3,152 105.0
36 20 3,597 184.0
6 120 180 1.5
9 100 545 5.5
30% A
12 90 1,160 12.9
14 85 1,770 20.8
16 80 2,500 31.2
18 75 3,380 45.0
20 70 4,370 62.5
24 65 7,100 109.0
30 50 10,506 210.0
36 35 12,593 369.0
6 60 90 1.5
9 55 295 5.7
30% B
12 50 646 12.9
14 47 696 14.8
16 44 1,382 31.4
18 41 1,834 44.7
20 38 2,361 62.1
24 36 3,928 109.1
30 27 5,673 210.0
36 19 6,836 360.0
6 165 368 2.2
9 155 1,270 8.2
45%
12 145 2,820 19.4
14 140 4,370 31.2
16 130 6,060 46.7
18 120 8,120 67.6
20 110 10,300 93.7
24 100 16,400 164.0
30 70 22,062 315.0
36 40 21,587 540.0
6 300* 1,415 4.7
95%
9 275* 4,832 17.6
12 255* 10,760 42.0
14 240* 16,342 68.0
16 220* 22,280 101.0
18 210* 30,529 145.0
20 190* 37,385 196.0
24 170* 58,858 346.0
(Shown with shroud mtd. above screw) 30 115* 76,519 665.0
see p.92 for more on Feeder Screws 36 70* 79,754 1,139.0
* Static balancing of screws typically necessary to operate at these max speeds.

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Table e: Maximum lump size for standard screws
RADIAL CLASS 1 CLASS 2 CLASS 3
SCREW DIA PIPE OD CLEARANCE 10% LUMPS 25% LUMPS 95% LUMPS
(INCHES) (INCHES) (INCHES) MAX LUMP SIZE (IN) MAX LUMP SIZE (IN) MAX LUMP SIZE (IN)
6 2 3⁄8 2 5⁄16 1 1⁄4 3
⁄4 1
⁄2
9 2 3⁄8 3 13⁄16 2 1⁄4 1 1⁄2 3
⁄4
9 2 7⁄8 3 9⁄16 2 1⁄4 1 1⁄2 3
⁄4
12 2 7⁄8 5 1⁄16 2 3⁄4 2 1
12 3 1⁄2 4 3⁄4 2 3⁄4 2 1
12 4 4 1⁄2 2 3⁄4 2 1
14 3 1⁄2 5 3⁄4 3 1⁄4 2 1⁄2 1 1⁄4
14 4 5 1⁄2 3 1⁄4 2 1⁄2 1 1⁄4
14 4 1⁄2 5 1⁄4 3 2 1
16 4 6 1⁄2 3 3⁄4 2 3⁄4 1 1⁄2
16 4 1⁄2 6 1⁄4 3 3⁄4 2 3⁄4 1 1⁄2
16 5 9⁄16 5 23⁄32 3 1⁄4 2 1⁄4 1 1⁄4
18 4 7 1⁄2 4 1⁄4 3 1 3⁄4
18 4 1⁄2 7 1⁄4 4 1⁄4 3 1 3⁄4
18 5 9⁄16 6 23⁄32 3 3⁄4 2 1⁄2 1 1⁄2
20 4 8 1⁄2 4 3⁄4 3 1⁄2 2
20 4 1⁄2 8 1⁄4 4 3⁄4 3 1⁄2 2
20 5 9⁄16 7 23⁄32 4 1⁄4 3 1 1⁄2
24 4 1⁄2 10 1⁄4 6 3 3⁄4 2 1⁄2
24 5 9⁄16 9 23⁄32 5 1⁄2 3 3⁄4 2

Material Lump Size Limitation

The size of a screw conveyor not only depends on the capacity required, but also on the size and proportion of lumps in the material to be
handled. The size of a lump is determined by the maximum dimension it measures around the center of the material. The character of the
material lump classifies the material in one of three classes:

Class 1: A mixture of lumps and fine particles of which not more For nonstandard screw dia and pipe combinations:
than 10% are lumps ranging from maximum size to one half of
the maximum; and 90% are lumps smaller than one half of the Required Radial Clearance (inches) =
maximum size. Class Ratio = 1.75 Class Ratio x Product Max Lump Size (inches)

Class 2: A mixture of lumps and fine particles of which not more

than 25% are lumps ranging from maximum size to one half of
the maximum; and 75% are lumps smaller than one half of the
maximum size. Class Ratio = 2.50

Class 3: A mixture of lumps only of which 95% or more are lumps conveyor
pipe o.d.
ranging from maximum size to one half of the maximum size; and dia.
5% or less are lumps less than one tenth of the maximum size.
Class Ratio = 4.50 radial clearance

The allowable size of a lump in a screw conveyor is a function of

the radial clearance between the outside diameter of the central 1/2” clearance

pipe and the radius of the inside of the screw trough (See Figure
1), as well as the proportion of lumps in the mix. Table E shows
figure 1
the recommended maximum lump size for each customary screw
diameter and the three lump classes.
See example on p.19

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Example: Conveyor Size and speed Step 4: Calculating Horsepower
A standard pitch screw conveyor is to transport 108,000 lbs. per (Horizontal Conveying)
hour of a material weighing 60 lbs. per cubic feet with a 30% A type The horsepower required to operate a horizontal screw conveyor
cross-sectional loading. A further requirement is that the conveyor is based on proper installation, uniform and regular feed rate to the
is to mix the material in transit by means of a full pitch, cut flight conveyor and other design criteria. The horsepower requirement
screw with one 45° reverse pitch mixing paddle per pitch. is the total of the horsepower to overcome the friction (HPf) of the
conveyor components and the horsepower to transport the material
108,000 (HPm) multiplied by the overload factor (Fo) and divided by the total
The required capacity is = 1800 ft3/hr
60 drive efficiency (e), or:
Due to the inefficiency of a conveyor screw with cut flights and
friction hp
mixing paddles, an equivalent capacity will have to be calculated
from the appropriate capacity factors. LNFdFb
HPf =
1,000,000
Equivalent capacity = 1800 x 1.00 x 1.57 x 1.08 = 3052 ft3/hr MATERIAL HP
CLDFmFfFp
Now referring to the Capacity Table D for a 30% A loading, an HPm =
1,000,000
18 inch screw at maximum RPM will have slightly more than the
equivalent capacity and will also have a capacity of 45.0 cubic feet
Total HP
per hour at 1 RPM.
(HPf + HPm) Fo
3052 HPtotal =
N= = 68 RPM e
45.0

The following factors determine the horsepower requirement of a

screw conveyor operating under these conditions.
Lump size check:
If the lump size distribution of the material being conveyed is 4" x 2" L = Total length of conveyor, feet
(9%), 2" x 1" (41%), 1" x 3/8" (22%), <3/8" (28%) then it falls under N = Operating speed, rpm
Class 1 from Table E. The ratio R then is 1.75 and the required C = Capacity required, cubic feet per hour
radial clearance is: D = Density of material as conveyed*, lb/CF (See Table B)
Fd = Conveyor diameter HP factor (See Table L)
Req'd Radial Clearance = Ratio x Product Max Lump Size Fb = Hanger bearing HP factor (See Table M)
= 1.75 x 4 Fm = Material factor (See Table B)
= 7" Ff = Flighting modification HP factor (See Table J)
Fp = Paddle HP factor (See Table K)
A quick check of Table E shows that a screw of at least 18" dia is Fo = Overload HP factor (See Table H)
recommended due to lump size. e = Drive effic. (expressed as a decimal) (See Table G1 or G2)

It is generally accepted practice that most power transmitting

elements of a screw conveyor be sized and selected to safely
retention time: handle the rated motor horsepower. If, for example, a screw
If 40 seconds of mixing time is desired in the previous example conveyor requires 3.5 horsepower as determined by the above
then the length of the screw to retain the material for the specified formula, a 5 horsepower motor must be used and it is desirable that
mixing time (retention time) is calculated as follows: all the power transmitting elements be capable of safely handling
the full 5 horsepower.
N x Length one pitch (inches) x Time (minutes)
L = See calculation example on p.22
12

79 x 12 x 0.666 *Some materials, such as cement, will aerate when conveyed

L = = 53 feet making their apparent density much lower than when static. This is
12
factored into the densities shown in Table B.
This is the actual mixing length of screw. The overall screw and
WARNING: This calculation does not include extra HP required
trough length will be a bit more to provide space to bring the
for inclined conveyors, head loads above conveyor inlets,
material into the trough and to discharge it from the trough without
drives operated with VFDs or materials with difficult startup
reducing the mixing time specified.
characteristics (Ex: those that harden during shutdown
periods). Consult Conveyor Engineering in these cases.

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Drive Efficiencies
The efficiencies of various speed reduction mechanisms are listed in Table G1 & G2. These efficiencies represent conservative figures for
the components of the drivetrain taking into account possible slight misalignments, uncertain maintenance and the effects of temperature
change. While there are variations in the efficiency of different manufacturer’s product, the data given in the tables will cover most
discrepancies.

Appropriate service factors for individual power transmission components should be determined from the manufacturer’s catalogs, taking
into account the intended service, hours of operation and the type of operating conditions.

Approx.
Table G1*: Mechanical Efficiencies (typical complete drive arrangements) efficiency "e"*

Motor, reducer & conveyor

drive shaft are mounted in-line
and direct-coupled together.
Direct Coupled Typically supported by drive base
0.94
In-line Drive attached to floor or conveyor
end plate. Best configuration for
longer component life of larger
conveyors.

Reducer is mounted on trough

end and has it's own drive shaft
which is directly connected to
conveyor screw. Reducer includes
"Screw Conveyor" integral thrust bearing and seal.
0.88
Drive Separate drive shaft, end bearing,
and seal are not required. Motor
is connected via V-belt and may
be mounted at top, either side or
below.

Similar to "Screw Conveyor" drive

above except bearing, seal and
drive shaft are not included with
Shaft Mount
reducer. Rather, reducer mounts
Drive 0.88
onto extended version of standard
conveyor drive shaft. This allows
for use of a variety of bearings
and seals.

(view from above)

Gear Motor
Integral motor-reducer or scoop
Reducer
mount motor with chain drive
or
to conveyor drive shaft. Usually 0.85
Helical Reducer
mounted to side of trough by
with Chain &
means of an adapter plate.
Sprockets

* Drive efficiencies from either Table G1 (complete drive configurations) or G2 (individual components) may be used for horsepower calculations.
If using G2, multiply individual component efficiencies together to obtain total drive efficiency.

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Approx.
Table G2*: Mechanical Efficiencies (individual components) efficiency "e"*

V-belts and Sheaves 0.94

Precision Roller Chain on Cut Tooth Sprockets, Open Guard 0.93
Precision Roller Chain on Cut Tooth Sprockets, Oil Tight Casing 0.94

Single Reduction Helical Gear Shaft Mounted Speed Reducers and Screw Conveyor Drives 0.95
Double Reduction Helical Gear Shaft Mounted Speed Reducers and Screw Conveyor Drives 0.94
Triple Reduction Helical Gear Shaft Mounted Speed Reducers and Screw Conveyor Drives 0.93

Low Ratio (up to 20:1 range) Enclosed Worm Gear Speed Reducers 0.90
Medium Ratio (20:1 to 60:1 range) Enclosed Worm Gear Speed Reducers 0.70
High Ratio (over 60:1 to 100:1 range) Enclosed Worm Gear Speed Reducers 0.50

Cut Tooth Miter or Bevel Gear, Enclosed Countershaft Box Ends 0.93
Cut Tooth Spur Gears, Enclosed, for Each Reduction 0.93
Cut Tooth Miter or Bevel Gear Open Type Countershaft Box Ends 0.90
Cut Tooth Spur Gears, Open for Each Reduction 0.90
Cast Tooth Spur Gears, Open for Each Reduction 0.85

* Drive efficiencies from either Table G1 (complete drive configurations) or G2 (individual components) may be used for horsepower
calculations. If using G2, multiply individual component efficiencies together to obtain total drive efficiency.

Table H: Overload HP Factor Fo

3.0
2.9
2.8
2.7
2.6
2.5
2.4
2.3
2.2
2.1
Fo 2.0
1.9
1.8
1.7
1.6
1.5
1.4
1.3
1.2
1.1
1.0
0.9
0.8
0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.8 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

HPf + HPm
1. Trace the value of (HPf + HPm) vertically to the diagonal line
2. From there, move across to the left to find the Fo value on the vertical axis
If (HPf + HPm) is ≥ 5.2 then Fo = 1.0
If (HPf + HPm) is < 5.2 then Fo = Ln (HPf + HPm) x -0.6115 + 2.024

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Example: horsepower calculation (step 4, p.19) Table J: Flight Modification HP Factor, Ff
Material: Corn Germ
type of conveyor loading
Density: 21 lbs per cubic foot
Required capacity: 2000 cubic foot per hour flighting
15% 30% 45% 95%
Length: 48 foot
Flighting: Standard, full pitch ribbon flights Standard 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00
Hanger bearings: Bronze
Drive type: Double reduction shaft mount reducer with Cut 1.10 1.15 1.20 1.30
V-belts and sheaves Cut & Folded NR 1.50 1.70 2.20

Referring to the material Table B, the material code is 21B35JZ, Ribbon 1.05 1.14 1.20 NR
Conveyor loading is 30A, the component group is 1A-1B-1C and
the material factor is 0.4. We also need to reference Table C due to
the special flighting requirement. Table K: Paddle HP Factor, Fp

std paddles per pitch set at 45° reverse pitch

Equivalent Capacity (ft3/hr) = Req'd Capacity x CF1 x CF2 x CF3
= 2000 x 1 x 1.37 x 1 None 1 2 3 4
= 2740 (ft3/hr)
1.00 1.29 1.58 1.87 2.16
From Table D, an 18” conveyor would be selected from the 30%A
loading to achieve the 2740 cubic feet per hour requirement within
the recommended rpm range. At 1 rpm this conveyor will move 45 Table L: Diameter HP Factor
cubic feet. Therefore, the speed of the conveyor would be:
SCREW DIA. Fd SCREW DIA. Fd
Equivalent Capacity (ft3/hr) 2740
N = = = 60.9 rpm 6 18 24 235
Capacity (ft3/hr) at 1 rpm 45 9 31 30 360
10 37 36 512
The resulting horsepower would be:
12 55 42 720
14 78 48 940
LNFdFb 48 x 60.9 x 135 x 1.7
HPf = = = 0.671 16 106 54 1200
1,000,000 1,000,000 18 135 60 1500
20 165
CLDFmFfFp 2000 x 48 x 21 x 0.4 x 1.14 x 1
HPm = = = 0.919
1,000,000 1,000,000 Table M: Hanger Bearing HP Factor

Component
Use actual Required Capacity above (not Equivalent Capacity) Bearing Type Factor Fb
Group

From Table H or the formula below it, using HPf + HPm = 1.590, A Ball 1.0
then Fo = 1.740, thus: Babbitt 1.7
Bronze 1.7
(HPf + HPm) Fo (0.671 + 0.919) 1.740 Bronze (oil impregnated) 1.7
HPtotal = = = 3.14HP Bronze w/Graphite Plugs 1.7
e .94 x .94** Canvas Based Phenolic 1.7
Ertalyte 2.5
A 5.0 or 7.5 HP drive could be used depending on the application. Gatke 1.7
More conservative sizes may handle unforeseen circumstances B&C
Melamine 3.5
and accommodate future increased capacities. Nylon/Nylatron GS 2.0
Plastic Resin 2.0
** Could use either .88 from Table G1 or .94 x .94 from Table G2 to
Ryertex 1.7
get same result
Teflon 2.0
WARNING: This calculation doesn't include extra HP required UHMW 2.0
for inclined conveyors, head loads above conveyor inlets, Wood (oil impregnated) 1.7
drives operated with VFDs or materials with difficult startup D Chilled Hard Iron 4.4
characteristics. Consult Conveyor Engineering in these cases. Req's hardened cplg Hardened Alloy Sleeve 4.4
shaft Stellite 4.4

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Step 5: Determine size of components
To properly select the screw conveyor components for a particular duty, they are broken down into three components groups that relate to
both the material classification code and to the screw size, pipe size, type of bearings and trough thickness. The following service tables
are a guide to proper selection of the appropriate component group for the material being conveyed. Other components are then selected
from the Components Section of this catalogue to suit the physical layout of the conveyor.

Table N: Component Groups

SCREW DIA shaft bolts per sectional screw trough cover
(INCHES) size dia coupling flight thickness* thickness thickness

Light Duty Service: Component Groups 1A, 1B & 1C

6 1 1⁄2 2-bolt 10 ga 16 ga 16 ga
9 1 1⁄2 2-bolt 10 ga 14 ga 14 ga
9 2 2-bolt 10 ga 14 ga 14 ga
10 1 1⁄2 2-bolt 10 ga 14 ga 14 ga
12 2 2-bolt 3
⁄16 12 ga 14 ga
12 2 7⁄16 2-bolt 3
⁄16 12 ga 14 ga
14 2 7⁄16 2-bolt 3
⁄16 12 ga 14 ga
16 3 2-bolt 3
⁄16 10 ga 14 ga
18 3 2-bolt 3
⁄16 10 ga 12 ga
20 3 2-bolt 3
⁄16 10 ga 12 ga
24 3 7⁄16 2-bolt 1
⁄4 10 ga 12 ga
Standard Duty Service: Component Groups 2A, 2B, 2C & 2D
6 1 ⁄2
1
2-bolt or 3-bolt 10 ga 14 ga 14 ga
9 2 2-bolt or 3-bolt 3
⁄16 10 ga 14 ga
10 2 2-bolt or 3-bolt 3
⁄16 10 ga 14 ga
12 2 7⁄16 2-bolt or 3-bolt 3
⁄16 3
⁄16 14 ga
12 3 2-bolt or 3-bolt 1
⁄4 3
⁄16 14 ga
14 2 7⁄16 2-bolt or 3-bolt 3
⁄16 3
⁄16 14 ga
14 3 2-bolt or 3-bolt 1
⁄4 3
⁄16 14 ga
16 3 2-bolt or 3-bolt 1
⁄4 3
⁄16 14 ga
18 3 2-bolt or 3-bolt 1
⁄4 3
⁄16 12 ga
18 3 7⁄16 2-bolt or 3-bolt 1
⁄4 3
⁄16 12 ga
20 3 2-bolt or 3-bolt 1
⁄4 3
⁄16 12 ga
20 3 7⁄16 2-bolt or 3-bolt 1
⁄4 3
⁄16 12 ga
24 3 7⁄16 2-bolt or 3-bolt 1
⁄4 3
⁄16 12 ga
30 3 15⁄16 2-bolt or 3-bolt 3
⁄8 3
⁄16 12 ga
36** 4 7⁄16 2-bolt or 3-bolt 3
⁄8 3
⁄16 10 ga
Heavy Duty Service: Component Groups 3A, 3B & 3D
6 2 3-bolt ⁄16 or 1⁄4
3
10 ga 14 ga
9 2 3-bolt 1
⁄4 3
⁄16 14 ga
10 2 3-bolt 1
⁄4 3
⁄16 14 ga
12 2 7⁄16 3-bolt 1
⁄4 or 3⁄8 3
⁄16 or 1⁄4 14 or 12 ga
12 3 3-bolt 3
⁄8 or 1⁄2 3
⁄16 or 1⁄4 14 or 12 ga
14 3 3-bolt 3
⁄8 or 1⁄2 3
⁄16 or 1⁄4 14 or 12 ga
16 3 3-bolt 3
⁄8 or 1⁄2 3
⁄16 or 1⁄4 14 or 12 ga
16 3 7⁄16 3-bolt 3
⁄8 or 1⁄2 3
⁄16 or 1⁄4 14 or 12 ga
18 3 7⁄16 3-bolt 3
⁄8 or 1⁄2 1
⁄4 12 or 10 ga
20 3 7⁄16 3-bolt 3
⁄8 or 1⁄2 1
⁄4 12 or 10 ga
20 3 15⁄16 3-bolt 3
⁄8 or 1⁄2 1
⁄4 12 or 10 ga
24 3 7⁄16 3-bolt 3
⁄8 or 1⁄2 1
⁄4 12 or 10 ga
24 3 15⁄16 3-bolt 3
⁄8 or 1⁄2 1
⁄4 10 ga
30 4 7⁄16 3-bolt 3
⁄8 or 1⁄2 1
⁄4 10 ga
36** 4 15⁄16 3-bolt 3
⁄8 or 1⁄2 1
⁄4 10 ga
* Helicoid screws are also available for light duty service but sizes are limited. See p.36
** Larger sizes available. Contact Conveyor Eng & Mfg for more information.

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Step 6: Check torsional ratings of components
Screw conveyors are limited in overall length and size by the amount of torque that can be safely transmitted through the
components selected. The shafts, bolts and pipe all need to be sized appropriately for the drive horsepower and rpm. Table Q combines
the various torsional ratings of bolts, couplings and pipe so that it is easy to compare all stressed parts of standard conveyors. The table
conforms to Conveyor Eng. & Mfg. design standards (often more conservative than CEMA standards).

Torsional rating
Reading across the table, the lowest torsional rating in any Example Summary:
combination will be the limiting component. The torque produced Many component options remain within design limits. The best
(TQ) from the conveyor's drive is a function of the size of the motor depends on which of the following variables is most important:
(HP) and the speed of the conveyor (rpm).
Cost – Depending on current raw material costs, the lowest cost
combination is likely 3" 2-bolt shafts with 4" clad pipe and bolt pads.
63,025 x HP
(Bolt pads (see p.41) are an inexpensive but significant way to
Torque, TQ =
rpm increase the load bearing limit of coupling bolts.)

(Assumes motor is operated at full freq., not turned down with VFD) Design – If you want to make the coupling bolts the limiting
component while still keeping relatively high safety factors, 3-7/16"
3-bolt shafts with 4" or 5" clad pipe would be a good long term
Example: component options based on choice. If stainless steel components with a design safety factor of
torsional limits 2.0 or better is required then 3-15/16" 3-bolt shafts with 6" pipe or
larger would be necessary.
A 20 hp motor driving a conveyor at 56 rpm will produce:
Notes:
TQ = (63,025 x 20) / 56 = 22,509 inch-lbs of torque
-It is sometimes possible to bring smaller and less expensive
components within design limits by increasing the screw rpm. If
We can now use this torque value to check the selected the conveyor has a metered feed, then required HP will increase
components of the conveyor using Table Q. This table shows the only slightly (due to friction) therefore TQ will decrease. The only
maximum torque (based on industry standard stress limits) that negative result will be a small increase in component wear due to
each load bearing component can handle for each shaft diameter the higher speed. If the conveyor is flood feed, increasing rpm won't
and pipe size combination. help because the required HP will increase proportionally.
In this case, you can rule out all components with a max torque -As noted at the bottom of Table Q, shaft torque limits listed can be
level below 22,509 in-lbs. Our options are: increased 10% if a direct coupled drive is used (eliminates bending
stress load imposed on drive shaft).
Shafts: All shaft materials listed are acceptable as long as the
diameter is 3" or larger. Warning: The torsional limits in Table Q assume standard
conditions and designs. Overhung loads, axial loads and bending
Pipe: All of the pipe options available with these shafts sizes moments induced by long screws, long shafts, pedestal bearings,
are acceptable. Note that some result in thin walled internal material head loads, inclines, offset reducers and other unusual
collars/bushings (see p.71) which more easily deform when loading conditions are not represented in these calculations.
welding heat is applied during the manufacturing process Contact Conveyor Eng. & Mfg. for final sizing of components.
therefore should be avoided if possible.

Coupling Bolts (based on shear stress): 3-bolt couplings are

required with 3" shafts. 2-bolt couplings are acceptable with
shafts 3-7/16" dia or larger.

Coupling Bolts (based on load bearing stress): Bolt pads are

required with 3" 2-bolt shafts unless 4" pipe or larger is used.
Bolt pads are not required if 3-bolt couplings are used.

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Component Torque limits
Table Q: Maximum Component Torque (inch-lbs.) See previous page for further details.

coupling bolts
shafts* pipe shear load bearing
material Mat'l w/o pads w/o pads w/ pads w/ pads
shaft Dia Pipe SS/1018** 4140 SS/CS*** 2-bolt 3-bolt 2-bolt 3-bolt 2-bolt 3-bolt
1-1/2" 2" sch 40 2,565 3,552 7,288 3,829 5,743 5,016 7,524 16,641 24,962
1-1/2" 2" sch 80 2,565 3,552 9,501 3,829 5,743 5,016 7,524 16,641 24,962
1-1/2" 2-1/2" sch 40 2,565 3,552 13,832 3,829 5,743 8,945 13,417 22,070 33,105
1-1/2" 2-1/2" sch 80 2,565 3,552 17,402 3,829 5,743 8,945 13,417 22,070 33,105
2" 2-1/2" sch 40 6,354 8,798 13,832 7,977 11,965 7,888 11,833 26,170 39,254
2" 2-1/2" sch 80**** 6,354 8,798 17,402 7,977 11,965 7,888 11,833 26,170 39,254
2" 3" sch 40 6,354 8,798 22,413 7,977 11,965 15,345 23,018 35,970 53,955
2" 3" sch 80 6,354 8,798 28,929 7,977 11,965 15,345 23,018 35,970 53,955
2" 3" 80/10 clad 6,354 8,798 42,631 7,977 11,965 18,598 27,896 40,123 60,184
2-7/16" 3" sch 40 12,558 17,388 22,413 9,722 14,582 11,689 17,534 33,955 50,933
2-7/16" 3" sch 80 12,558 17,388 28,929 9,722 14,582 11,689 17,534 33,955 50,933
2-7/16" 3" 80/10 clad 12,558 17,388 42,631 9,722 14,582 14,942 22,413 38,107 57,161
2-7/16" 3-1/2" sch 40 12,558 17,388 31,120 9,722 14,582 18,709 28,063 42,850 64,274
2-7/16" 3-1/2" sch 80 12,558 17,388 40,821 9,722 14,582 18,709 28,063 42,850 64,274
2-7/16" 3-1/2" 80/10 clad 12,558 17,388 58,736 9,722 14,582 22,411 33,617 47,452 71,178
3" 3-1/2" sch 40 23,693 32,806 31,120 17,230 25,845 15,537 23,306 47,037 70,556
3" 3-1/2" sch 80**** 23,693 32,806 40,821 17,230 25,845 15,537 23,306 47,037 70,556
3" 3-1/2" 80/10 clad 23,693 32,806 58,736 17,230 25,845 19,980 29,970 52,560 78,840
3" 4" sch 40 23,693 32,806 41,788 17,230 25,845 25,085 37,627 58,835 88,252
3" 4" sch 80 23,693 32,806 55,527 17,230 25,845 25,085 37,627 58,835 88,252
3" 4" 80/10 clad 23,693 32,806 78,223 17,230 25,845 30,067 45,100 64,897 97,345
3-7/16" 4" sch 40 35,490 49,140 41,788 26,872 40,307 21,857 32,785 63,529 95,293
3-7/16" 4" sch 80**** 35,490 49,140 55,527 26,872 40,307 21,857 32,785 63,529 95,293
3-7/16" 4" 80/10 clad 35,490 49,140 78,223 26,872 40,307 27,670 41,504 70,601 105,902
3-7/16" 5" sch 40 35,490 49,140 70,791 26,872 40,307 49,884 74,826 97,134 145,701
3-7/16" 5" sch 80 35,490 49,140 96,539 26,872 40,307 49,884 74,826 97,134 145,701
3-7/16" 5" 80/10 clad 35,490 49,140 135,502 26,872 40,307 57,890 86,834 106,547 159,820
3-7/16" 6" sch 40 35,490 49,140 110,445 26,872 40,307 83,838 125,757 136,666 205,000
3-7/16" 6" sch 80 35,490 49,140 158,907 26,872 40,307 83,838 125,757 136,666 205,000
3-7/16" 6" 80/10 clad 35,490 49,140 214,041 26,872 40,307 93,339 140,008 147,574 221,361
3-15/16" 6" sch 40 50,538 69,975 110,445 50,881 76,322 95,253 142,879 166,550 249,824
3-15/16" 6" sch 80 50,538 69,975 158,907 50,881 76,322 95,253 142,879 166,550 249,824
3-15/16" 6" 80/10 clad 50,538 69,975 214,041 50,881 76,322 107,466 161,198 180,572 270,857
3-15/16" 8" sch 40 50,538 69,975 218,518 50,881 76,322 198,086 297,128 282,882 424,324
3-15/16" 8" sch 80 50,538 69,975 318,681 50,881 76,322 198,086 297,128 282,882 424,324
3-15/16" 8" 80/10 clad 50,538 69,975 413,200 50,881 76,322 214,036 321,055 300,656 450,984
4-7/16" 6" sch 40 72,966 101,030 110,445 70,793 106,190 90,104 135,156 173,073 259,609
4-7/16" 6" sch 80 72,966 101,030 158,907 70,793 106,190 90,104 135,156 173,073 259,609
4-7/16" 6" 80/10 clad 72,966 101,030 214,041 70,793 106,190 103,674 155,511 188,653 282,979
4-7/16" 8" sch 40 72,966 101,030 218,518 70,793 106,190 204,363 306,544 302,332 453,497
4-7/16" 8" sch 80 72,966 101,030 318,681 70,793 106,190 204,363 306,544 302,332 453,497
4-7/16" 8" 80/10 clad 72,966 101,030 413,200 70,793 106,190 222,086 333,129 322,080 483,120
4-15/16" 8" sch 40 97,404 119,882 218,518 113,429 170,143 223,985 335,977 346,047 519,071
4-15/16" 8" sch 80 97,404 119,882 318,681 113,429 170,143 223,985 335,977 346,047 519,071
4-15/16" 8" 80/10 clad 97,404 119,882 413,200 113,429 170,143 245,250 367,875 369,743 554,614
* Shaft torque limits listed can be increased 10% if a direct coupled drive is *** 304SS, 316SS and standard carbon steel pipe (torque limits are equal)
used (eliminates bending stress load imposed on drive shaft) **** Thin walled bushing. Consult Conveyor Eng. & Mfg
** 304SS, 316SS and 1018 carbon steel shafting (torque limits are equal)

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 Conveyor Engineering & Manufacturing

engineering
Step 7: Check screw deflection, shaft end angle, conveyor Thermal expansion and Abrasion

screw Deflection & shaft End angle conveyor Thermal Expansion

The amount of deflection the screw pipe experiences due to the When longer screw conveyors are required to convey hot or cold
screw weight is directly proportional to its useful life. Deflection of a materials, thermal expansion must be properly accounted for. The
standard length screw is rarely a problem. However, if longer than recommended general practice is to provide trough end supports
standard screw sections are to be used without intermediate hanger which will allow expansion or contraction movement. The drive
bearings, care should be taken to prevent the screw flights from end of the conveyor is typically fixed allowing the remainder of the
contacting the trough. Deflection should be held to a minimum to trough to move. If fixed intermediate inlets or discharge spouts are
increase the useful life of the screw. required, expansion type troughs should be used.
The screw and the trough may expand or contract at different rates.
WL3
D = In this case expansion hangers are generally recommended. The
76.8EI trough end opposite the drive should incorporate an expansion type
ball or roller bearing which will safely provide sufficient movement.
D = Deflection at mid span in inches (horizontal screw)
W = Total screw weight in pounds (see p.34) The change in screw conveyor length is calculated as:
L = Screw length in inches + "H" from p.29 ∆ L = L (t1 - t2) C
E = Modulus of Elasticity (2.9 x 107 psi for carbon & stainless)
∆ L = increment of change in length (inches)
I = Moment of Inertia of pipe (see Table S below)
L = Overall conveyor length (inches)
t1 = Upper limit of temperature, (°F)
Screws with minimal deflection can still have excessive shaft end
t2 = Lower limit of temperature, (°F)
angle (typically shorter, heavier screws). The end angle is the
C = Coefficient of linear expansion, per °F
amount the shafts attempt to angle upward due to screw deflection.
Excessive end angle can significantly reduce shaft and bearing life. The coefficients of expansion by material type:
Carbon steel (hot rolled) = 6.33 x 10-6/°F
Shaft End Angle (degrees) = 180/π x 3.2D/L = 183D/L Stainless steel (304/316) = 9.6 x 10-6/°F
Aluminum = 12.8 x 10-6/°F
Table R: Deflection and Shaft End Angle Limits, SS Screws
Example: Thermal Expansion
max max end angle*
situation A 45' lg, stainless steel conveyor at an ambient temperature of 60°
deflection* 2-bolt 3-bolt F is fed with product that brings it up to 260° F:
Standard SS setup** 0.125" 0.200º 0.150º t1 = 260° F
Screw conv. type drive 0.100" 0.150º 0.135º t2 = 60° F
t1 - t2 = 200° F
Weld-in shafts 0.100" 0.150º 0.135º L = 45’ x 12” = 540 inches
Drive on inlet end 0.100" 0.150º 0.135º C = 9.6 x 10-6/°F
Flanged shafts 0.100" 0.150º 0.135º ∆ L = (540”)(200° F)(9.6 x 10-6/°F) = 1.04 inches
Tight collar tolerances 0.100" 0.110º 0.135º Consult our engineering department for thermal expansion
0.135º applications, especially those over 1".
Double end bearings 0.100" 0.150º

* Use as "rule of thumb" only. Consult CEMC for more thorough analysis. Table S: Moment of Inertia, Pipe I = (OD4 - ID4) * 0.0491
** Std stainless setup: does not include any of the situations listed below it.
Note: all limits can be increased by 20% for carbon steel screws Moment of inertia
Nominal
pipe size sched 40 sched 80 sched 80 clad*
Example: deflection & Shaft End Angle
2 0.667 0.868 N/A
Determine deflection & shaft end angle for a 20SS724 3-bolt screw
that is 14’8” long and mounted on 4” sched 40 pipe. 2 1⁄2 1.53 1.92 N/A
3 3.02 3.89 6.13
W = 542 lbs
542 x 1803 3 ⁄2
1
4.79 6.28 9.57
L = 176 + 4 inches D= = 0.196"
E = 2.9 x 107 psi 76.8 x (2.9x107) x 7.23 4 7.23 9.61 14.3
l = 7.23 inches4 5 15.2 20.7 30.4
6 28.1 40.5 56.8
Shaft End Angle = 183 x 0.196 / 180 = 0.199º
8 72.5 106 141
Both exceed the limits in Table R. Pipe size should be increased, 10 161 212 280
the span length reduced or both. Consult Conveyor Eng. for help.
* Sched 80 carbon pipe clad w/sched 10 SS pipe or equiv. See p.34

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Conveyor Engineering & Manufacturing

engineering
Abrasion
Excessive wear conditions can result in high maintenance and replacement costs. Earlier design steps using Tables B & D take this into
consideration in general terms. You can get a more detailed view of your abrasion situation with the following calculations:

Screw Tip Speed (ft/min) = screw dia. x rpm x π / 12

Trough Surface Speed (ft/min) = screw pitch x rpm x (1 - % loss*) / 12
* Percentage loss due to modified flights, reverse pitch paddles, incline, etc.

Screw Abrasion Score = screw tip speed x (.product abrasiveness rating** - 4) / flight thickness
Trough Abrasion Score = trough surface speed x (product abrasiveness rating** - 4) x 2.5 / trough thickness
** From Table B (rating is either 5, 6 or 7)

As a rule, Abrasion Scores > 2000 lead to highly accelerated wear. Steps taken typically include one or more of the following:
• rpm is reduced (larger conveyor may be required to convey same capacity)
• material thickness for screw flighting and/or trough is increased
• abrasion resistant steps materials and/or coatings are implemented (see following tables)

abrasion resistant options for screws:

type description pros cons

Ceramic 1/2” thick ceramic tiles are • Very high abrasion • Non-magnetic
welded to carrying side resistance under wet or dry
of flighting, chemical and conditions
abrasion resistant polymer • Very thick wear surface (1⁄2”)
fills gaps between tiles • High corrosion resistance
• Medium cost
Iron Based Weld Surfacing Wire weld is applied to • High abrasion resistance • Low abrasion resistance
flighting surface under dry conditions under wet conditions
• Magnetic
• Low to medium cost
Corrosion Resist. Weld Surfacing Wire weld is applied to • High corrosion resistance • Medium abrasion resistance
(such as Stellite) flighting surface • Machinable (to obtain high • High Cost
tolerance on flight OD) • Non-magnetic
Fusion Spray Application High temperature gun is • Very high abrasion • Medium to high cost
(various materials such as used to fuse hard surface resistance • Usually non-magnetic
Tungsten Carbide) material to screw
Abrasion Resistant Flighting Screw flighting is made of • Low cost • Low abrasion resistance
AR235 or AR400 steel • Can use in combination under wet conditions
with others • Medium abrasion resistance
under dry conditions
Industrial Hard Chromium Electrolytic application • Low sliding friction • High cost
• High abrasion resistance • Size restrictions
• Food grade in most cases • Non-magnetic
Nickel Alloy Electroless application • Very uniform coating • High cost
• High abrasion resistance • Screw size restrictions
• FDA and USDA approved • Difficult to limit to specific
areas
• Non-magnet

Abrasion resistant options for troughs:

• Troughs made from AR plate
• Troughs oversized so that conveyed product runs across stationary layer of product below reducing exposure to trough surface
(example: 16” screw in 18” trough)
• Troughs lined with various materials listed in chart above as well as UHMW and other polymers

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 Conveyor Engineering & Manufacturing

Screw conveyor components

16

5 2

17
14 10
15

3 12

8
1

13
4
18

10
11
12

1. Screw (p.30) 10. End Bearings (p.78)

2. Drive Shaft (p.42) 11. Shaft Seal (p.72)
3. Coupling Shaft (p.44) 12. End Plates (p.53)
4. End (Tail) Shaft (p.45) 13. Internal Collars/Bushings (p.71)
5. Covers (p.58) 14. Coupling Bolts (p.41)
6. Hanger (p.64) 15. Bolt Pads (p.41)
7. Hanger Bearing (p.70) 16. Cover Clamps (p.63)
8. Discharge (p.82) 17. Inlet (p.81)
9. Flange Foot (p.51) 18. Troughs (p.46)

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Conveyor Engineering & Manufacturing

layout
as required

m D D

p
p

b
as required c c
⁄ H
12 H H

j
Q
k l

E m n
E F
g
(bolts)
as required d d

U-TROUGH TYPE

b
as required c c
12 ⁄ H H H
d d

l
K+L
k l

E (2) hanger pocket m n

E F
g
(bolts)
d d as required

TUBE TROUGH TYPE

SCREW b c d f
DIA shaft dia length length wt** e bolt g h j k l m N P Q
6 1 1⁄2 9’-10” 10’0” 400 1 3
⁄8 6 2 4 1⁄2 5 5⁄8 5 7 8 1⁄8 1 1⁄2 13 1⁄4
9 1 1⁄2 9’-10” 10’0” 650 1 1 ⁄2 1
⁄2 8 2 6 1⁄8 7 7⁄8 7 1⁄8 10 9 3⁄8 1 5⁄8 17 1⁄8
9 2 9’-10” 10’0” 675 1 1 ⁄2 1
⁄2 8 2 6 1⁄8 7 7⁄8 7 1⁄8 10 9 3⁄8 1 5⁄8 17 1⁄8
10 1 1⁄2 9’-10” 10’0” 700 1 3⁄4 1
⁄2 9 2 6 3⁄8 8 7⁄8 7 7⁄8 11 9 1⁄2 1 3⁄4 18 3⁄8
10 2 9’-10” 10’0” 730 1 3⁄4 1
⁄2 9 2 6 3⁄8 8 7⁄8 7 7⁄8 11 9 1⁄2 1 3⁄4 18 3⁄8
12 2 11’-10” 12’0” 1050 1 5⁄8 5
⁄8 10 1⁄2 2 7 3⁄4 9 5⁄8 8 7⁄8 13 12 1⁄4 2 20 1⁄2
12 2 7⁄16 11’-9” 12’0” 1080 1 5⁄8 5
⁄8 10 1⁄2 3 7 3⁄4 9 5⁄8 8 7⁄8 13 12 1⁄4 2 20 1⁄2
12 3 11’-9” 12’0” 1140 1 5⁄8 5
⁄8 10 1⁄2 3 7 3⁄4 9 5⁄8 8 7⁄8 13 12 1⁄4 2 20 1⁄2
14 2 7⁄16 11’-9” 12’0” 1240 1 5⁄8 5
⁄8 11 1⁄2 3 9 1⁄4 10 7⁄8 10 1⁄8 15 13 1⁄2 2 23 1⁄4
14 3 11’-9” 12’0” 1300 1 5⁄8 5
⁄8 11 1⁄2 3 9 1⁄4 10 7⁄8 10 1⁄8 15 13 1⁄2 2 23 1⁄4
16 3 11’-9” 12’0” 1520 2 5
⁄8 13 1⁄2 3 10 5⁄8 12 11 1⁄8 17 14 7⁄8 2 1⁄2 25 3⁄4
18 3 11’-9” 12’0” 1790 2 5
⁄8 14 1⁄2 3 12 1⁄8 13 3⁄8 12 3⁄8 19 16 2 1⁄2 28 5⁄8
18 3 7⁄16 11’-8” 12’0” 1900 2 5
⁄8 14 1⁄2 4 12 1⁄8 13 3⁄8 12 3⁄8 19 16 2 1⁄2 28 5⁄8
20 3 11’-9” 12’0” 1960 2 1⁄4 3
⁄4 15 1⁄2 3 13 1⁄2 15 13 3⁄8 21 19 1⁄4 2 1⁄2 31 5⁄8
20 3 7⁄16 11’-8” 12’0” 2050 2 1⁄4 3
⁄4 15 1⁄2 4 13 1⁄2 15 13 3⁄8 21 19 1⁄4 2 1⁄2 31 5⁄8
24 3 7⁄16 11’-8” 12’0” 2510 2 1 ⁄2 3
⁄4 17 1⁄2 4 16 1⁄2 18 1⁄8 15 3⁄8 25 20 2 1⁄2 37 3⁄4
24 3 15⁄16 11’-8” 12’0” 2620 2 1 ⁄2 3
⁄4 17 1⁄2 4 16 1⁄2 18 1⁄8 15 3⁄8 25 20 2 1⁄2 37 3⁄4
30 3 7⁄16 11’-8” 12’0” 3150 2 3⁄4 3
⁄4 21 4 19 3⁄4 21 1⁄2 18 3⁄8 31 24 2 1⁄2 44 3⁄8
30 3 15⁄16 11’-8” 12’0” 3260 2 3⁄4 3
⁄4 21 4 19 3⁄4 21 1⁄2 18 3⁄8 31 24 2 1⁄2 44 3⁄8
36 3 15⁄16 11’-8” 12’0” 4160 2 3⁄4 1 25 4 24 26 23 37 * 2 1⁄2 54 1⁄8
36*** 4 7⁄16 11’-7” 12’0” 4275 2 3⁄4 1 25 5 24 26 23 37 * 2 1⁄2 54 1⁄8
* Has 4 Bolts
** Wt. of one complete stainless steel conveyor with U-trough, medium flight thickness, “D” length, CSW seals, flange bearings less drive.
*** Sizes larger than 36” are available. Contact Conveyor Eng. & Mfg. for more information.

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 Conveyor Engineering & Manufacturing

screws
CLAD PIPE
Clad pipe is offered as an alternative to all stainless pipe. It generally consists of schedule 10 stainless pipe surrounding
sch 80 carbon steel pipe. The result is a product that includes the best properties of both materials. Conveyor Engineering & Manufacturing
introduced clad pipe to the screw conveyor industry over 20 years ago and it has been extremely successful, especially in tough
applications.

Benefits:

• Torque Capacity: The thicker walled clad pipe can handle more horsepower and torque than comparative sized stainless pipe.
Our destructive testing results are charted below (video of the actual testing is available).
• Fatigue Resistant: Carbon steel has much higher fatigue resistance than stainless steel. Stainless screws tend to develop stress
cracks after a certain number of revolutions. This often leads to failure. Clad pipe offers the exceptional fatigue resistance of
carbon steel with the corrosion resistance of stainless.
• Deflection: Clad pipe is more rigid structurally, resulting in lower deflection as measured at the center of the screws span. This
lowers fatigue stress resulting in longer life and reduces the likelihood of screw to trough interference.
• Price: Clad pipe was developed to obtain higher structural integrity, not a price advantage. But stainless prices have increased
over the years and we have developed more efficient methods in manufacturing clad pipe. The result is that,
in most heavy-duty applications, clad pipe is a better product at a lower price.

Caution: Clad pipe is not recommended in environments containing highly corrosive vapors (especially at elevated temperatures).

Pipe Cross-Sections

4” sch 40 s.s. 4” sch 80 s.s. 4” sch 80/10 clad

average revolutions to failure

80 120 m
yield point (ksi)

40 60 m

4” sch 4” SCH 4” SCH 4” sch 4” SCH 4” SCH

40 s.s. 80 s.s. 80/10 clad 40 s.s. 80 s.s. 80/10 clad

*Based on destructive testing *Based on actual, heavy-duty field applications

16”, 3-bolt, standard length screws

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