SAINT JOSEPH ACADEMY

OF SAN JOSE, BATANGAS INCORPORATED

SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT

MODULE NUMBER: 1 SECOND SEMESTER

Date: MARCH 01 – MARCH 05 ,2021 2ND QUARTER S.Y. 2020 – 2021

CLASS NUMBER: _____________________ SUBJECT:

D3R
NAME: _______________________________________________ TEACHER:
MR. ARNOLD A. PAOMBONG
GRADE AND SECTION: STEM 11- DEL PILAR/ STEM 11- MALVAR

Disaster Readiness and Risk

Reduction
Quarter 2 – Module 1:
Hazard: Its Impact, Identification and
Risk Assessment

What I Need to Know

Have you heard of people who lost their job and suffered extreme depression as a result
of an epidemic? What about people who were physically injured in the workplace while
performing their tasks? How do concerned government agencies address an epidemic like
the Covid-19 outbreak? The answers to such questions will be revealed as you progress
in this module.

Your knowledge on hazards and its types from previous module is key to understanding
the impacts of various hazards on different exposed elements and the method of hazard
identification and risk assessment.

In this lesson, you will be acquainted with a systematic examination of a process and
task being carried out at work for the purpose of identifying hazards and accompanying
risks. Furthermore, you will determine which risks need to be prioritized and think of
actions that need to be taken in order to manage risks, if not totally eliminate them.

Upon completion of this module, you are expected to:

1. explain the impacts of various hazards on different exposed elements;
2. classify hazard impacts;
3. perform hazard identification and risk assessment; and
4. recognize the value of being disaster-resilient

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SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT

What I Know

Write the letter of the best answer on a separate sheet of paper.

1. Aron Angelo and Peodatto are both working in the same chemical laboratory and
are both exposed to same kind and amount of hazardous chemicals. Aron Angelo,
though has weaker immune system than Peodatto. Between them, who is less
vulnerable to develop a disease caused by chemical exposure?
A. Aron Angelo C. Either Mikhail or Peodatto
B. Peodatto D. They have same level of vulnerability
2. People residing near the seashore are usually in greater danger of experiencing a
tsunami than those residing farther from the seashore. Which of the following
statements about the given scenario is correct?
A. Vulnerability is greater for people residing farther from
the seashore.
B. The occurrence of a tsunami is the risk.
C. People residing far from the seashore are the ones exposed to
the hazard.
D. The seashore is the risk.
3. Which impact of a hazard is psychological?
A. Anxiety and mental trauma
B. Destruction of houses and buildings
C. Retrenchment of employees in manufacturing companies
D. Viral disease

For items 4 to 6
Octopus-wiring and electrical connections might lead to fire. This is common in small
houses with large number of family members, making each family member susceptible to
the danger.
4. Which is the hazard in the given situation?
A. Large family members in a small house
B. Living in a small house
C. Octopus-wiring and electrical connections
D. Potential occurrence of fire
5. Which is the risk in the given scenario?
A. Large family members in a small house
B. Living in a small house
C. Octopus-wiring and electrical connections
D. Potential occurrence of fire
6. Which gives the information on vulnerability?
A. Large family members in a small house
B. Living in a small house
C. Octopus-wiring and electrical connections
D. Potential occurrence of fire

For items 7 to 11,

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OF SAN JOSE, BATANGAS INCORPORATED
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT

In each given scenario, classify the hazard impact if it is (A) physical, (B) psychological,
(C) socio-cultural, (D) economic, (E) environmental or (F) biological.

7. Depression and fear

8. Coronavirus disease
9. Stoppage of industrial operations
10. Collapse of buildings
11. Body injuries (bruises, wounds)
12. It refers to knowing all the agents in a certain workplace that can
cause accidents or any type of harm.
A. Hazard identification
B. Risk assessment
C. Safety management
D. SWOT analysis
13. Which of the following are given consideration in risk assessment?
A. Probability and impact
B. Severity and type of hazard
C. Type of hazard and impact
D. Impact and type of damage/ harm
14. Vergel suffers from a mental depression after he lost his job when the company
where he used to work retrenched many of its employees. To what type of hazard
impact does Vergel’s depression belong?
A. Biological
B. Environmental
C. Physical
D. Psychological
15. The Amazon rainforest was thought to have 2.5 million species of insects. It used
to be referred to as the “Lungs of the Planet” because it produces more than 20%
of the world’s oxygen. In September 18, 2019, it burned at a rate not seen in
almost a decade. What type of hazard impact did this incident bring?
A. Environmental
B. Physical
C. Psychological
D. Socio-cultural

Lesson Hazard: Its Impact,

1 Identification and
Risk Assessment
In any workplace or environment, safety works best if hazards and its impacts are
identified. Moreover, assessment of risks accompanying hazards must also be done to
ensure safety or at least minimize the impact of hazards, if not totally eradicated.

A sound safety management program must be established to avoid injuries and

unpleasant events brought about by hazards and accompanying risks.

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SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT

What’s In

A hazard is defined is simply a condition or a set of circumstances that present a

potential for harm. So far, you also have learned that hazards are divided into two broad
categories: health hazard (can cause occupational illnesses) and safety hazard (can cause
physical harm or injuries). A hazard can also be classified into six types which are
biological, chemical, physical, safety, ergonomic and psychosocial.

On the other hand, risk refers to the potential for loss, damage or destruction a hazard
can cause while vulnerability refers to the characteristics of a community or system that
make it susceptible to the possible damaging effects of a hazard. For example, a doctor
who is handling a patient infected with a virus (hazard) has a high chance of getting
infected (risk) if she has poor immune system and does not wear personal protective
equipment (vulnerability).

What’s New

1Pic 1Word
Refer to the given pictures captions to guess the word/s by arranging the jumbled letters.
Write your answers on the spaces provided for.

1. NEXYITA _____________ 2. FOSTER RIFE _____________

Too much fear and worrying The burning of Amazon in
after a loved-one died of covid-19 Brazil (2019) leaving many
species dead and homeless

3. LSIYERPR _____________ 4. ROVOCIRUSNA _____________

Wet floor that caused this man An invisible enemy that is highly P a g e 4
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 SAINT JOSEPH ACADEMY
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SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT

5. UTENMENPMOLY ____________ 6. NOITMIRCISNIDA _____________

No-work-no-pay scenario In a world where one culture is
brought by a biological hazard not being embraced by
another’s culture

What is It

What are the Different Impacts of Hazards?

A hazard can bring about many impacts which can come in different types. Facilities and
infrastructures are commonly the target of natural hazards. Specifically, these impacts
can trigger accidents and the release of toxic substances, fires and explosions, potentially
resulting in health effects, environmental pollution and economic losses.
One way to classify hazard impacts is by means of general impact themes namely:
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SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT

 Danger to life which includes physical and psychological harm

and diseases
 Denial of access like energy, water, communication and
transport access
 Damage to the physical environment like buildings and land

For the purpose of this module, we will focus on six (6) more specific types of hazard
impacts.
1. Physical impact
- Physical injuries (bone fracture, wounds, bruises)
- Destruction and loss of vital infrastructure like transportation system,
roads, bridges, power lines and communication lines.
- Wide spread destruction of housing and buildings

2. Psychological impact
- Grief and psychological illness
- Marital conflict
- Depression due to loss of loved ones and properties
- Chronic anxiety

3. Socio- cultural impact

- Displacement of population
- Loss of cultural identity
- Forced of adoption of new sets of culture
- Ethnic conflicts

4. Economic impact
- Loss of job due to displacement
- Loss of harvest and livestock
- Loss of farms, fish cages and other source of food
- Loss of money and other valuables

5. Environmental impact
- Loss of forest due to forest fires
- Loss of fresh water due to salination
- Disturbance of biodiversity
- Loss of natural rivers

6. Biological impact
- Epidemic to people, flora and fauna
- Chronic and permanent illness caused by biological agents
- Proliferation of different viral diseases

Identification of Hazards and Risk Assessment

Hazard identification is the process of determining all physical and nonphysical agents
in the workplace or specific environment. Most occupational health and safety problems
are caused by hazards which are not eliminated or managed. In order to prevent
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SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT

untoward incidents in a workplace or community, elimination or controlling of hazards is

crucial. In some workplaces where hazards cannot be eliminated, they must be
monitored and properly managed at the least.

Risk assessment is a way to determine which hazards and risks should prioritized by
taking into consideration the probability and severity of impact.
Below are the steps in hazard identification and risk assessment.
1. Identify the hazards. Use the following methods:
a. Observation - use your senses of sight, hearing, smell and touch - combined with
knowledge and experience.
b. Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDSs) - obtain them from manufacturers and
suppliers. It gives information on possible harm from hazardous substances and
precautions that need to be taken.
c. Hazard and risk surveys - interview other people about their safety concerns as far
as the workplace is concerned. Utmost consideration should be given to children or
visitors who could be at risk.
d. Discussion groups - are useful for identifying hazards and recommending
solutions.
e. Safety audits – a committee must be assigned to periodically check safety in the
area.
2. Assess the Risk. Once a hazard has been identified, the likelihood and possible
severity of injury or harm will need to be assessed before determining how best to
minimize the risk. High-risk hazards need to be addressed more urgently than
low- risk ones.
3. Make the changes. Once risks are assessed, the next step is to make decision for
some necessary changes. These changes include removing the hazard and replacing
it with something less hazardous, engineering modifications like installation of
exhausts, safety barriers and safety exits, modification of procedures, etc.
Combination of the risk control measures mentioned above to effectively reduce
exposure to hazards can also be done.

4. Checking the changes made. To make sure risk has been minimized, and a
further hazard has not been created, the new safety measures may need to be
carefully tested before work begins again. Risk assessment doesn’t end with
making changes. It is essential that these changes made are monitored and
checked. It must be monitored if the changes done are being followed consistently
and if these changes contribute to the improvement of safety management in the
workplace. This last step has to be done periodically to accurately assess the
effectiveness of the entire process.

What’s More

Activity 1.1: Concept Webbing

Classify the following hazard impacts by writing them inside the appropriate boxes.

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SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT

Insanity Amazon forest fire overthinking

amputated leg broken spine bankruptcy
Massive lay-off of workers Bird’s flu cultural wars
Covid-19 relocation of people volcanic ash

Figure 1. Six Types of Hazard Impacts

From the activity above, you are able to familiarize yourself with the types of hazard
impacts. Now, proceed to the next activity to enrich your understanding of Hazard
Identification.

Activity 1.2: That Hazard Looks Familiar!

Spot 5 hazards you can identify from the picture. On a photocopy of the image, encircle
all the hazards you can see using a red-inked pen.

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SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT

Activity 1.3: Assessment and Reduction of Risks

 Choose 5 hazards you have spotted from the picture in Activity 1.2. That Hazard
Looks Familiar.
 Conduct a risk assessment with proposed changes using the table below.
 An example is provided for your reference.

Table 3. Risk Assessment from identified hazards in Activity 1.2

Risk Changes made to

Hazard Risk Probability Impact
Level reduce the risk
Not
Potential
wearing
physical 4 5 20 High Provision of PPE’s to employees
of PPE
injuries

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SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT

Activities 1.2 and 1.3 are components of Safety Management. Remember under all
circumstances, cliché as it may sound, SAFETY FIRST must be ensured because when
safety is compromised accidents might happen and quality of work suffers.

What I Have Learned

1. A hazard is any agent in a workplace, can be an object or procedure that can cause
potential harm.
2. A risk refers to the potential harm a hazard can cause.
3. Vulnerability refers to the susceptibility of an element exposed to the risks of a
hazard.
4. Hazard Identification refers to the process of determining all the agents in a
workplace that can cause harm.
5. Risk Assessment takes into account the probability of happening and the severity
of impact of a risk. It is done to determine which risks should be addressed first or
prioritized.

6. The following are the steps in hazard identification and risk assessment:
a. Identify the hazards.
b. Assess the risks.
c. Make changes.
d. Check the changes made.
7. Changes must be made after assessing the risks. The changes made should be
monitored on a regular basis.

What I Can Do

Perform a Hazard Analysis and Risk Assessment of your house by following the steps you
have learned from this module.
 List the hazards and the risks that go with each hazard.
 Know which risk to prioritize by risk assessment.
 Propose changes in order to reduce risks.

Use the table below.

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SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT

Table 4. Risk assessment from identified hazards in our house

Location
Risk Changes made to reduce
Hazard in the Risk Probability Impact
Level the risk
house

Assessment

Write the letter of the best answer on a separate sheet of paper.

1. Which sequence is correct in hazard identification and risk assessment?

I. Modify procedures based on risk assessment.
II. Assess risks.
III. Monitor the modifications if followed.
IV. Identify hazards.
A. IV, III, I, II C. II, I, IV, III
B. IV, II, I, III D. II, IV, I, III
2. Which of the following is true about risk assessment?
A. It is done to know which risk should be addressed first.
B. It tells which risk is the most serious.
C. Risk assessment is done by taking into consideration both
probability and impact.
D. All of the above
3. Which impact of a hazard is an economic impact of hazard?
A. Destruction of houses and buildings
B. Retrenchment of employees in manufacturing companies
C. Viral disease
D. Anxiety and mental trauma

For items 4 to 6, match the terms with their meanings.

As a construction worker, Tyrel works in height, thus is prone to fall. He is well-trained

and wears protective equipment, though.
4. Which is considered as risk in this given scenario?
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A. Working in height
B. Potential fall
C. Wearing of protective equipment
D. Being well-trained
5. Which is considered as the hazard?
A. Working in height
B. Potential fall
C. Wearing of protective equipment
D. Being well-trained

6. Since Tyrel is well-trained and always wears protective equipment, how will you
judge his vulnerability to a fall?
A. Low
B. High
C. Moderate
D. Cannot be determined

For items 7 to 11, given the following hazard impacts, tell whether it is physical,
psychological, socio-cultural, economic, environmental or biological.

7. Pollution of oceans and rivers

A. Environmental C. Economic
B. Psychological D. Biological
8. SARS
A. Environmental C. Economic
B. Biological D. Psychological
9. Retrenchments/ Job loss
A. Environmental C. Economic
B. Biological D. Psychological
10. Mental trauma
A. Environmental C. Economic
B. Biological D. Psychological
11. Broken bones
A. Physical C. Socio-cultural
B. Economic D. Environmental
12. Which is an example of socio-cultural impact?
A. Closing of factories
B. Insanity
C. Burnt skin
D. Religious conflict as a result of sudden displacement of group
of people
13. Which of the following should be given consideration in risk
assessment?
A. Probability and impact
B. Severity and type of hazard
C. Type of hazard and impact
D. Impact and type of damage/ harm
14. If the product of probability and impact is 12, what is the descriptive
rating of a given risk?

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A. Low C. High
B. Moderate D. Extreme

15. The higher the chance a risk will happen and the greater the severity
of the impact, the _______ is the priority that should be given to
a risk.
A. Higher C. More Uncertain
B. Lower D. Less uncertain

Additional Activities

Read the lyrics of the song “Hazard” written and sung by Richard Marx. You may also
listen to it on Youtube, if possible. It was released in 1991, and when he performed the
song live in 2011, he admitted that a “fictional murder suspect” was the dumbest story to
write about. That same year, it hit number 1 in thirteen countries. The song tells of a
story which will leave you puzzled as to who/what killed Mary.

Hazard

My mother came to Hazard when I was just seven

Even then the folks in town said with prejudiced eyes
That boy’s not right

Three years ago when I came in on Mary

First time someone looked beyond the rumors and the lies
Saw the man inside

[Chorus 1]
We used to walk down by the river
She loved to watch the sun go down
We used to walked along the river
And dream our way out of this town

[Verse 2]
No one understood what I felt for Mary
No one cared until the night she went out walking all alone
And never came home

Man with a badge came knocking next morning

Here I was surrounded by a thousand fingers suddenly
Pointed right at me

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[Chorus 2]
I swear I left by the river
I swear I left her safe and sound
I need to make it to the river
And leave this old Nebraska town

[Bridge]
I think about my life gone by
How it’s done me wrong
There’s no escape for me this time
All of my recues are gone, long gone

[Chorus 2]
I swear I left her by the river
I swear I left her safe and sound
I need to make it to the river
And leave this old Nebraska town

Guide Questions:

1. Who/What do you think are the possible suspects/cause for Mary’s death?
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________

2. Among your list of suspects/causes for Mary’s death, who/which do you think is
really the true culprit? Why do you say so?
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________

3. How will you relate the essence of the song to your learnings from
this module?
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________

Congratulations!
You have completed this
module.

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SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT

References

Department of Environment, B. (n.d.). The Impact of Hazards on People and the

Environment – igeogers, http://igeogers.weebly.com/the-impact-of-hazards-on-
people-and-the-environment.ht

Ma. Rosalie Gonzales, Risk Assessment, Powerpoint presentation, Lecheria National

High School-ISO Committee, Calamba City, Laguna, September 10, 2019

E. Krausmann, S. Girgin, and A. Necci (2019), In International Journal of Disaster Risk

Reduction (Vol. 40), Natural hazard impacts on industry and critical infrastructure:
Natech risk drivers and risk management performance indicators,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2019.101163

UNISDR. (2009). United Nations International Strategy for Disaster Reduction

Terminology on Disaster Risk Reduction.

G. Wells,(1996). Hazard identification and risk assessment. Hazard Identification and

Risk Assessment, 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1201/9780429280740-13

11_Mod_3_Participant_Manual.pdf,
https://www.osha.gov/sites/default/files/2018-12/fy11_sh-22318—

Gulsum Kubra Kaya, Research Gate, Risk Level Matrix,

www.researchgate.net/profile/Gulsum

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