Scribd
Upload
45 views4 pages

Final Coverage Pec 203 (Facilitating Learning Centered)

1. The document summarizes Tolman's purposive behaviorism and Bandura's social learning theory, two approaches within neo-behaviorism. 2. Key concepts of Tolman's theory include learning as purposive and goal-directed, cognitive maps, latent learning, and the role of expectations. 3. Bandura's social learning theory emphasizes observational learning and modeling. It includes attention, retention, reproduction, and reinforcement as elements of observational learning.

Uploaded by

Kirk Edricque Hori
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
45 views4 pages

Final Coverage Pec 203 (Facilitating Learning Centered)

1. The document summarizes Tolman's purposive behaviorism and Bandura's social learning theory, two approaches within neo-behaviorism. 2. Key concepts of Tolman's theory include learning as purposive and goal-directed, cognitive maps, latent learning, and the role of expectations. 3. Bandura's social learning theory emphasizes observational learning and modeling. It includes attention, retention, reproduction, and reinforcement as elements of observational learning.

Uploaded by

Kirk Edricque Hori
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 4

1|Page

FINAL COVERAGE PEC 203 (FACILITATING LEARNING CENTERED)


MODULE 5: NEO BEHAVIORISM: Tolman and Bandura
LEARNING OUTCOME:
1.explain Tolman’s purposive behaviorism
2.explain Bandura’s social learning theory
3.give specific applications of each theory in teaching.

Neo Behaviorism- is a behavior cannot be full understood simply in terms of observable stimuli
and reactions. Neo behaviorism introduce mediating variables into the behaviorist stimulus-
response scheme.
  
Tolman's Purposive Behaviorism

Purposive Behaviorism - it is also been referred to as Sign Learning Theory and is often unite
between behaviorism and cognitive theory

Tolman believed that learning is a cognitive process. Learning involves forming beliefs and
obtaining knowledge about the environment and then revealing that knowledge
through purposeful and goal-directed behavior.

Tolman’s system was called purposive behaviorism because it studies behavior as it is organized


around purposes.

TOLMAN'S KEY CONCEPT

 Learning is always purposive and goal- directed. Individuals act on beliefs, attitudes,
changing conditions, and they strive towards goals. Tolman saw behavior as holistic, purposive,
and cognitive.  Cognitive map- learning the location of reward. Once an individual has learned
where a given kind of reward is located, that location can often be reached by means other than
those originally used.
 Latent Learning- whenever learning goes on without its being evident in performance at
the time.
 The concept of intervening variable- these are not readily seen but serve as
determinants of behavior.
 Reinforcement not essential for learning- Tolman concluded that reinforcement is not
essential for learning, although it provides an incentive for performance. 
2|Page

General principles of social learning theory

1. Learn by observing. 
2. Learning can occur through observation alone, without a change in behavior. 
3. Cognition plays a role in learning. 
4. Transition between behaviorism and cognitive learning theory

Contemporary Theory purposes that reinforcement and punishment

1. Contemporary Theory purposes that reinforcement and punishment have indirect effects
on learning.
2. Reinforcement and Punishment influence the result of individuals’ behavior that has been
learned.
3. The expectation of reinforcement influences cognitive processes.

 Cognitive factors in social learning


1. Learning without performance
2. Cognitive processing during learning 
3. Expectations.
4. Reciprocal causation 
5. Modeling
  
 Educational implication of social learning theory

1. Students often learn a great deal by simply observing other people.


2. Describing the consequences of behavior can effectively increase the appropriate
behaviors and decrease  the inappropriate ones.
3. Modeling provides an alternative to shaping for teaching new behaviors. Instead of using
shaping, which is operant conditioning, modeling can provide a faster, more efficient means for
teaching new behavior.
4. Teachers and parents must model appropriate behaviors and take care that they do not
model inappropriate behaviors. 
5. Teachers should expose students to a variety of other models. This technique is especially
important to break down traditional stereotypes. 

ALBERT BANDURA Social Learning Theory 


 Social Learning Theory Albert Bandura 
Social Learning Theory- also called observational learning- theory that emphasizes learning
through observation  of           others.We learn not only how to perform behavior but also what
will happen to us in a specific situation if we do perform it
Types of Observational Learning Effects

1.  INHIBITION - to learn not to do something that we already know how to do because a


model being  observed refrains from behaving in that way or does something-different from what
is intended to be done.
2.  DIS INHIBITION - to learn to exhibit a behavior that is usually disapproved of by most
people because a model does the same without being punished.
3. FACILITATION – to be prompted to do something that is not ordinarily done because
of insufficient  motivation . 
4. OBSERVATIONAL LEARNING – to  learn a new behavior pattern by watching and
imitating the  performance of someone else.
 Elements of  Observational Learning

1. Attention-mental focus or concentration Willingness of the child to observe and mimic


the behavior of a model
2. Retention-to encode the behavior in the memory ability to store information
3|Page

3. Production   to  actually perform the behavior observed.


4. Motivation/Reinforcement -force that drives one to act 

Three Forms of Reinforcement

1.  Direct Reinforcement-occurs when an individual watches a model perform, imitates that


behavior and is reinforced or punished by some individual
2. Vicarious Reinforcement-the observer anticipates receiving a reward for behaving in a
given way because someone else has been so rewarded
3. Self -Reinforcement-the individuals strives to meet personal standards and does not
depend on or care about there action of others
http://rasmiakabalo.blogspot.com/2017/03/lesson-11-neo-behaviorism.html

What are the implications for Social Learning Theory on teachers and student learning?

Certainly, this theory can be used to teach positive behaviors to students. Teachers can
use positive role models to increase desired behaviors and thus change the culture of a
school. Not only will individual students benefit from positive role models in and out of
the classroom, but the entire class and student body will do so.

Other classroom strategies such as encouraging children and building self-efficacy are
rooted in social learning theory. For example, if a teacher is positive with their students
and they encourage them, this positive energy and verbal encouragement, in turn, helps
build self-efficacy, the belief in one’s abilities to succeed in various situations.  Bandura
found that a person’s self-efficacy impacts how their tasks, goals, and challenges are
approached. Those individuals with strong self-efficacy view challenges as tasks to
master, develop deep interests in the activities they participate in, form a strong sense
of commitment to activities and interests, and bounce back from disappointments and
setbacks easily. However, those with a weaker sense of self-efficacy tend to avoid
challenges, think difficult tasks and situations are beyond their abilities, think negatively
about their failures and outcomes, and lose confidence easily in their abilities.

Activity : Tolman’s Purposive Behaviorism


State a personal message derive from the key concepts of Tolman’s purposive behaviorism Use
the Table provided below:
Key concepts of Tolman’s Theory on Personal Message
Purposive Behaviorism
1.Learning is always purposive and goal- 1.1 To make my students do what I require
directed them to do. I should state the goal clearly and
specifically.

1.2

2.Cognitive maps helps students perform


well. Organisms select the shortest or easiest 2.1
path to achieve a goal.

2.2

3.Latent learning stays with the individual 3.1


until needed.
3.2
4|Page

4.Learning is influenced by expectations, 4.1


perceptions, representations, needs and other
internal variables like hunger.
4.2

4.3

Activity Bandura’s Social Learning Theory


Choose 3 concepts of Bandura’s social learning theory then state how you apply the concept as
you teach. Use the Table provided for this purpose.

3 concepts of Bandura How I apply it in my teaching


1. 1.1

1.2

2. 2.1

2.2

3. 3.1

3.2

You might also like