PHYSICS Electrical Insruments

DPP - 03

1. Sensitivity of potentiometer can be increased by 9. In potentiometer a balance point is obtained, when

[MP PET 1994] (a) The e.m.f. of the battery becomes equal to the e.m.f. of
(a) Increasing the e.m.f. of the cell the experimental cell
(b) The p.d. of the wire between the +ve end to
(b) Increasing the length of the potentiometer wire
jockey becomes equal to the e.m.f. of the experimental
(c) Decreasing the length of the potentiometer wire cell
(d) None of the above (c) The p.d. of the wire between +ve point and jockey
2. A potentiometer is an ideal device of measuring potential becomes equal to the e.m.f. of the battery
difference because (d) The p.d. across the potentiometer wire becomes equal
(a) It uses a sensitive galvanometer to the e.m.f. of the battery
10. In the experiment of potentiometer, at balance, there is no
(b) It does not disturb the potential difference it measures
current in the
(c) It is an elaborate arrangement
(a) Main circuit
(d) It has a long wire hence heat developed is quickly
(b) Galvanometer circuit
radiated
(c) Potentiometer circuit
3. A battery of 6 volts is connected to the terminals of a three
metre long wire of uniform thickness and resistance of the (d) Both main and galvanometer circuits
order of 100  . The difference of potential between two 11. If in the experiment of Wheatstone's bridge, the positions of
points separated by 50 cm on the wire will be cells and galvanometer are interchanged, then balance
[CPMT 1984; CBSE PMT 2004] points will
(a) 1 V (b) 1.5 V (a) Change
(c) 2 V (d) 3 V (b) Remain unchanged
4. A galvanometer of 10 ohm resistance gives full scale (c) Depend on the internal resistance of cell and resistance
deflection with 0.01 ampere of current. It is to be converted of galvanometer
into an ammeter for measuring 10 ampere current. The
(d) None of these
value of shunt resistance required will be [MP PET 1984]
12. The resistance of a galvanometer is 90 ohms. If only 10
10 percent of the main current may flow through the
(a) ohm (b) 0.1 ohm
999 galvanometer, in which way and of what value, a resistor is
(c) 0.5 ohm (d) 1.0 ohm to be used [MP PET 1996]

5. A potentiometer is used for the comparison of e.m.f. of two (a) 10 ohms in series (b) 10 ohms in parallel
cells E1 and E 2 . For cell E1 the no deflection point is (c) 810 ohms in series (d) 810 ohms in parallel
obtained at 20 cm and for E 2 the no deflection point is 13. Two cells when connected in series are balanced on 8m on
obtained at 30 cm . The ratio of their e.m.f.'s will be a potentiometer. If the cells are connected with polarities of
[MP PET 1984] one of the cell is reversed, they balance on 2m. The ratio of
(a) 2/3 (b) 1/2 e.m.f.'s of the two cells is
(c) 1 (d) 2 (a) 3 : 5 (b) 5 : 3
6. Potential gradient is defined as [MP PET 1994]
(c) 3:4 (d) 4 : 3
(a) Fall of potential per unit length of the wire
(b) Fall of potential per unit area of the wire 14. A voltmeter has a resistance of G ohms and range V volts.
The value of resistance used in series to convert it into a
(c) Fall of potential between two ends of the wire
voltmeter of range nV volts is
(d) Potential at any one end of the wire
[MP PMT 1999; MP PET 2002; DPMT 2004; MH CET 2004]
7. In an experiment of meter bridge, a null point is obtained at
the centre of the bridge wire. When a resistance of 10 ohm (a) nG (b) (n  1)G
is connected in one gap, the value of resistance in other gap
G G
is [MP PET 1994] (c) (d)
n (n  1)
(a) 10  (b) 5 
15. Which of the following statement is wrong [MP PET 1994]
1
(c)  (d) 500  (a) Voltmeter should have high resistance
5
8. If the length of potentiometer wire is increased, then the (b) Ammeter should have low resistance
length of the previously obtained balance point will (c) Ammeter is placed in parallel across the conductor in a
(a) Increase (b) Decrease circuit
(c) Remain unchanged (d) Become two times

1
 (d) Voltmeter is placed in parallel across the conductor in a 23. A voltmeter having a resistance of 998 ohms is connected to
circuit a cell of e.m.f. 2 volt and internal resistance 2 ohm. The
16. In the diagram shown, the reading of voltmeter is 20 V and error in the measurement of e.m.f. will be [MP PMT 1994]
that of ammeter is 4 A. The value of R should be (Consider (a) 4  10 1 volt (b) 2  10 3 volt
given ammeter and voltmeter are not ideal) [RPMT 1997]
V (c) 4  10 3 volt (d) 2  10 1 volt
(a) Equal to 5  20V 24. For comparing the e.m.f.'s of two cells with a potentiometer,
(b) Greater from 5  a standard cell is used to develop a potential gradient along
R the wires. Which of the following possibilities would make
(c) Less than 5  A the experiment unsuccessful [MP PMT 1994]
4A
(d) Greater or less than 5  depends on the material of R (a) The e.m.f. of the standard cell is larger than the E
e.m.f.'s of the two cells
17. A moving coil galvanometer has a resistance of 50  and (b) The diameter of the wires is the same and uniform
gives full scale deflection for 10 mA. How could it be throughout
converted into an ammeter with a full scale deflection for 1A (c) The number of wires is ten
[MP PMT 1996] (d) The e.m.f. of the standard cell is smaller than the
(a) 50 / 99  in series (b) 50 / 99  in parallel e.m.f.'s of the two cells
25. Which of the following is correct [BHU 1995]
(c) 0.01  in series (d) 0.01  in parallel
(a) Ammeter has low resistance and is connected in series
18. The current flowing through a coil of resistance 900 ohms is (b) Ammeter has low resistance and is connected in parallel
to be reduced by 90%. What value of shunt should be (c) Voltmeter has low resistance and is connected in parallel
connected across the coil [Roorkee 1992] (d) None of the above
(a) 90  (b) 100  26. An ammeter with internal resistance 90  reads 1.85 A
(c) 9 (d) 10  when connected in a circuit containing a battery and two
resistors 700  and 410  in series. Actual current will be
19. A galvanometer of resistance 25  gives full scale deflection
[Roorkee 1995]
for a current of 10 milliampere, is to be changed into a
voltmeter of range 100 V by connecting a resistance of ‘R’ in (a) 1.85 A (b) Greater than 1.85 A
series with galvanometer. The value of resistance R in  is (c) Less than 1.85 A (d) None of these
[MP PET 1994] 27. AB is a wire of uniform resistance. The galvanometer G shows
(a) 10000 (b) 10025 no current when the length AC = 20cm and CB = 80 cm.
(c) 975 (d) 9975 The resistance R is equal to [MP PMT 1995; RPET 2001]
20. In a potentiometer circuit there is a cell of e.m.f. 2 volt, a (a) 2  R 80 
resistance of 5 ohm and a wire of uniform thickness of
length 1000 cm and resistance 15 ohm. The potential (b) 8 
gradient in the wire is [MP PMT 1994] G
(c) 20 
1 3 A B
(a) V / cm (b) V / cm C
500 2000 (d) 40 
3 1 28. The circuit shown here is used to compare the e.m.f. of two
(c) V / cm (d) V / cm
5000 1000 cells E1 and E 2 ( E1  E 2 ) . The null point is at C when the
21. The resistance of a galvanometer is 25 ohm and it requires galvanometer is connected to E1 . When the galvanometer
50 A for full deflection. The value of the shunt resistance is connected to E 2 , the null point will be [MP PMT 1995]
required to convert it into an ammeter of 5 amp is B
[MP PMT 1994; BHU 1997]
(a) To the left of C
(a) 2.5  10 4 ohm (b) 1.25  10 3 ohm
(c) 0.05 ohm (d) 2.5 ohm (b) To the right of C C
A B
22. Which is a wrong statement [MP PMT 1994]
(c) At C itself E1
(a) The Wheatstone bridge is most sensitive when all the
(d) Nowhere on AB G
four resistances are of the same order E2
(b) In a balanced Wheatstone bridge, interchanging the 29. In an experiment to measure the internal resistance of a cell
positions of galvanometer and cell affects the balance of by potentiometer, it is found that the balance point is at a
the bridge
length of 2m when the cell is shunted by a 5  resistance;
(c) Kirchhoff's first law (for currents meeting at a junction in
an electric circuit) expresses the conservation of charge and is at a length of 3m when the cell is shunted by a 10 
(d) The rheostat can be used as a potential divider resistance. The internal resistance of the cell is, then
PHYSICS Electrical Insruments
DPP - 03

[Haryana CEE 1996] convert it into an ammeter, reading upto 10A, it is necessary
(a) 1.5  (b) 10  to put a resistance of [MP PMT 1997; AIIMS 1999]

(c) 15  (d) 1  (a) 5  10 3  in parallel (b) 5  10 4  in parallel

30. A potentiometer circuit shown in the figure is set up to (c) 105  in series (d) 99,950  in series
measure e.m.f. of a cell E. As the point P moves from X to Y
the galvanometer G shows deflection always in one 34. A resistance of 4  and a wire of length 5 metres and
direction, but the deflection decreases continuously until Y is resistance 5  are joined in series and connected to a cell of
reached. In order to obtain balance point between X and Y e.m.f. 10 V and internal resistance 1  . A parallel
it is necessary to V R combination of two identical cells is balanced across 300 cm
of the wire. The e.m.f. E of each cell is [MP PMT 1997]
4 10V
X P
Y 1
(a) 1.5 V
E (b) 3.0 V 3m
G
(a) Decreases the resistance R 5, 5m
(c) 0.67 V E
(b) Increase the resistance R G
(d) 1.33 V E
(c) Reverse the terminals of battery V
(d) Reverse the terminals of cell E 35. The resistivity of a potentiometer wire is 40  10 8 ohm  m
31. In the Wheatstone's bridge (shown in figure) X  Y and and its area of cross-section is 8  10 6 m2 . If 0.2 amp
A  B . The direction of the current between ab will be current is flowing through the wire, the potential gradient
a
will be [MP PMT/PET 1998]
A B
(a) From a to b (a) 102 volt / m (b) 101 volt / m
c d
(b) From b to a (c) 3.2  10 2 volt / m (d) 1 volt / m
X Y 36. If only 2% of the main current is to be passed through a
(c) From b to a through c
galvanometer of resistance G, then the resistance of shunt
b
(d) From a to b through c will be [MP PMT/PET 1998]

32. The figure shows a circuit diagram of a ‘Wheatstone Bridge’ G G

(a) (b)
to measure the resistance G of the galvanometer. The 50 49
P R (c) 50 G (d) 49 G
relation  will be satisfied only when
Q G
37. The resistance of an ideal voltmeter is
Q [EAMCET (Med.) 1995; MP PMT/PET 1998;
Pb. PMT 1999; CPMT 2000]
P
S
(a) Zero (b) Very low
G
R
(c) Very large (d) Infinite
38. A 100 V voltmeter of internal resistance 20 k in series with
a high resistance R is connected to a 110 V line. The
voltmeter reads 5 V, the value of R is [MP PET 1999]

(a) The galvanometer shows a deflection when switch S is (a) 210 k (b) 315 k
closed
(c) 420 k (d) 440 k
(b) The galvanometer shows a deflection when switch S is
open 39. Constantan wire is used in making standard resistances
because its [MP PET 1999]
(c) The galvanometer shows no change in deflection
whether S is open or closed (a) Specific resistance is low
(d) The galvanometer shows no deflection (b) Density is high
33. The resistance of a galvanometer is 50 ohms and the current (c) Temperature coefficient of resistance is negligible
required to give full scale deflection is 100 A . In order to (d) Melting point is high

3
40. The net resistance of a voltmeter should be large to ensure 47. A potentiometer wire has length 10 m and resistance 20  .
that [MP PMT 1999] A 2. 5 V battery of negligible internal resistance is connected
(a) It does not get overheated across the wire with an 80  series resistance. The potential
(b) It does not draw excessive current gradient on the wire will be [KCET 1994]
5 4
(c) It can measure large potential difference (a) 5  10 V / mm (b) 2.5  10 V / cm
(d) It does not appreciably change the potential difference (c) 0.62  10 4
V / mm (d) 1  10 5
V / mm
to be measured
48. An ammeter whose resistance is 180  gives full scale
41. A galvanometer has resistance of 7  and gives a full scale
deflection when current is 2 mA. The shunt required to
deflection for a current of 1.0 A. How will you convert it into convert it into an ammeter reading 20 mA (in ohms) is
a voltmeter of range 10 V [MP PMT 1999] [EAMCET (Engg.) 1995]
(a) 3  in series (b) 3  in parallel (a) 18 (b) 20
(c) 0.1 (d) 10
(c) 17  in series (d) 30  in series
49. A galvanometer whose resistance is 120  gives full scale
42. A potentiometer consists of a wire of length 4 m and deflection with a current of 0.05 A so that it can read a
resistance 10  . It is connected to a cell of e.m.f. 2 V. The maximum current of 10 A. A shunt resistance is added in
potential difference per unit length of the wire will be parallel with it. The resistance of the ammeter so formed is
[Bihar MEE 1995]
[CBSE PMT 1999; AFMC 2001]
(a) 0.06  (b) 0.006 
(a) 0.5 V / m (b) 2 V / m
(c) 0.6  (d) 6  s
(c) 5V /m (d) 10 V / m
50. In a potentiometer experiment, the galvanometer shows no
43. In a meter bridge, the balancing length from the left end deflection when a cell is connected across 60 cm of the
(standard resistance of one ohm is in the right gap) is found potentiometer wire. If the cell is shunted by a resistance of
to be 20 cm. The value of the unknown resistance is 6  , the balance is obtained across 50 cm of the wire. The
[CBSE PMT 1999; Pb PMT 2004] internal resistance of the cell is [SCRA 1994]

(a) 0.8  (b) 0.5  (a) 0.5  (b) 0.6 

(c) 0.4  (d) 0.25  (c) 1.2  (d) 1.5 

51. A voltmeter of resistance 1000  gives full scale deflection
44. In the circuit shown P  R , the reading of the galvanometer
is same with switch S open or closed. Then when a current of 100 mA flow through it. The shunt
resistance required across it to enable it to be used as an
[IIT-JEE (Screening) 1999] ammeter reading 1 A at full scale deflection is [SCRA 1994]
P Q (a) 10000  (b) 9000 
(a) I R  I G
S (c) 222  (d) 111 
(b) I P  I G
R 52. The resistance of 10 metre long potentiometer wire is
(c) IQ  IG G
1ohm/meter. A cell of e.m.f. 2.2 volts and a high resistance
V
box are connected in series to this wire. The value of
(d) I Q  I R
resistance taken from resistance box for getting potential
45. In the following Wheatstone bridge P / Q  R / S . If key K is gradient of 2.2 millivolt/metre will be [RPET 1997]
closed, then the galvanometer will show deflection (a) 790  (b) 810 
[CPMT 1999] (c) 990  (d) 1000 
P Q
(a) In left side 53. We have a galvanometer of resistance 25  . It is shunted
(b) In right side K by a 2.5  wire. The part of total current that flows through
the galvanometer is given as
(c) No deflection R S [AFMC 1998; MH CET 1999; Pb. PMT 2002]
(d) In either side I 1 I 1
(a)  (b) 
I 0 11 I 0 10
46. A galvanometer having a resistance of 8 ohm is shunted by
a wire of resistance 2 ohm. If the total current is 1 amp, the I 3 I 4
(c)  (d) 
part of it passing through the shunt will be I 0 11 I 0 11
[CBSE PMT 1998]
(a) 0.25 amp (b) 0.8 amp
(c) 0.2 amp (d) 0.5 amp
PHYSICS Electrical Insruments
DPP - 03

ANSWERS G 900
 Required shunt S    100 
(n  1) (10  1)

1. (b) The sensitivity of potentiometer can be increased by V 100

19. (d) R  G   25  9975 
decreasing the potential gradient i.e. by increasing the ig 10  10  3
length of potentiometer wire. V iR
20. (b) Potential gradient x  
1 L L
(Sensitivity   Length )
P.G. 2 15 3
 x   volt / cm
2. (b) In balance condition, potentiometer doesn't take the (15  5) 10 2000
current from secondary circuit.
G 25 25 25
3. (a) Here same current is passing throughout the length of 21. (a) S    5  5  2.5  104 
i 5 10  1 10
the wire, hence V  R  l 1 1
ig 50  106
V l 6 300
 1  1    V2 =1 V. 22. (b) In balanced Wheatstone bridge, the arms of
V2 l 2 V2 50
galvanometer and cell can be interchanged without
ig G 10  0.01 10 affecting the balance of the bridge.
4. (a) S    ohm
i  ig 10  0.01 999 23. (c) Error in measurement = Actual value – Measured value
5. (a) Ratio will be equal to the ratio of no deflection lengths 998 
E l 2 V
i.e. 1  1 
E2 l2 3
i
Potential difference Actual value = 2V
6. (a) Potential gradient 
Length 2 1
i  A + –
7. (a) Wheatstone bridge is balanced, therefore 998  2 500 2V 2

P R 10 1 998
 or 1   S  10 ohm Since E  V  ir  V  E  ir  2  2  V
Q S S 500 500
8. (a) When the length of potentiometer wire is increased, the 998
 Measured value  V
potential gradient decreases and the length of previous 500
balance point is increased.
998
9. (b)  Error  2   4  10  3 volt
500
10. (b)
24. (d) The emf of the standard cell must be greater than that
11. (b) The actual circuit is same.
of experimental cells, otherwise balance point is not
i G 90 obtained.
12. (b)  ig  10% of i   S   10
10 (n  1) (10  1) 25. (a)
E1 l1  l 2 (8  2) 5 26. (b) In general, ammeter always reads less than the actual
13. (b)   
E2 l1  l2 (8  2) 3 value because of its resistance.
R AC 20
14. (b) Suppose resistance R is connected in series with 27. (c) By Wheatstone bridge,    R  20 
voltmeter as shown. 80 BC 80
ig ig R 28. (a) E  l (balancing length)
By Ohm's law
G
ig .R  (n  1)V  l l  l  2
V (n – 1)V 29. (b) r   1 2   R'   1 5 ... (i)
l
 2   2 
V nV
 R  (n  1)G (where ig  )
G l 3
and r   1   10 ... (ii)
15. (c) Ammeter is always connected in series with circuit.  3 
16. (c) If resistance of ammeter is r then On solving (i) and (ii) r = 10 
20  (R  r )4  R  r  5  R  5  30. (a)
ig  G 10  10 3  50 50 31. (b) In the part c b d,
17. (b) S     in parallel.
i  ig 1  10  3  10 99 V  Vd
Vc  Vb  Vb  Vd  Vb  c
2
i
18. (b)  ig  (100  90)% of i  In the part c a d
10

5
 Vc  Vd 46. (b) ig S  (i  ig )G  ig (S  G)  iG
Vc  Va  Va  Vd   Va  Vb  Va
2 ig G 8
32. (c) In balance condition, no current will flow through the     0 .8
i S G 2 8
branch containing S.
e R
Gig 50  100  10 6 47. (a) Potential gradient x  
33. (b) Resistance in parallel S   (R  Rh  r ) L
i  ig (10  100  10  6 )
2.5 20 V
4  x   5  10 5
 S  5  10  (20  80  0) 10 mm
V iR e R 48. (b) Given ig  2mA, i  20mA, G  180 
34. (b) E  x l   l  E   l
l L (R  Rh  r ) L
ig S 180
10 5   180  S  10 S  S   20 
E  3  3V i G S 9
(5  4  1) 5 GS
49. (c) Resistance of shunted ammeter 
V iR iL i GS
35. (a) Potential gradient    
L L AL A i G GS ig .G
Also 1  
0.2  40  108 ig S G S i
  10  2 V / m
8  10  6 GS 0.05  120
  = 0.6 
i G G G G S 10
36. (b) ig  2% of i   S  
50 (n  1) (50  1) 49 (l  l )  60  50 
50. (c) r  1 2  R'     6  1.2 
37. (d) The resistance of an ideal voltmeter is considered as l2  50 
infinite. i G
51. (d) By using 1
38. (c) ig S
R 20×103
V i 1000 1000
 1
 S  111 
100  10  3 S 9
5V V e R
i 52. (c) Potential gradient x   
110V L (R  Rh  r) L
110 2.2
Here i   2.2  10  3   1  R  990 
20  10 3  R (10  Rh )
 110  i GS ig S 2.5 1
 V  iR  5   3
  20  10 3 53. (a)     
 20  10  R  ig S i G  S 27.5 11
5
10
 105  5 R  22  105  R  21   420 K
5
39. (c) Due to the negligible temperature co-efficient of
resistance of constantan wire, there is no change in it's
resistance value with change in temperature.
40. (d) The resistance of voltmeter is too high, so that it draws
negligible current from the circuit, hence potential drop
in the external circuit is also negligible.
41. (a) By connecting a series resistance
V 10
R G  7  3
ig 1
42. (a) Since potential difference for full length of wire = 2 V
2 V
 P.D. per unit length of wire   0.5
4 m
X 20 1
43. (d)   X    0.25  .
1 80 4
44. (a) Reading of galvanometer remains same whether switch
S is open or closed, hence no current will flow through
the switch i.e. R and G will be in series and same
current will flow through them. I R  I G .
45. (d) Pressing the key does not disturb current in all
resistances as the bridge is balanced. Therefore,
deflection in the galvanometer in whatever direction it
was, will stay.