HMC Machine Shop Safety Manual

HMC Machine Shop Safety

Manual

2014

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HMC Machine Shop Safety Manual

Table of Contents

INTRODUCTION Page 3

GENERAL SHOP SAFETY Page 4

Safety Rules Page 5

PPE- Personal Protective Equipment Page 6
Housekeeping Page 8
Hazardous Materials Page 8

SPECIFIC MACHINE SAFETY PRACTICES Page 9

Mills Page 9
Drill Press Page 11
Table Saw Page 12
Band Saw Page 13
Metal Lathe Page 14
Wood Lathe Page 16
Pedestal Grinder Page 18
Belt Sander Page 19
Metal Forming Tools Page 20
Heat Treatment Page 21
Welding Page 22
Jointer Page 23

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HMC Machine Shop Safety Manual

INTRODUCTION

The purpose of the HMC Machine Shop Safety Manual is to provide shop users with information on how
to protect themselves from shop and machine hazards and to comply with HMC safety guidelines and
applicable Cal OSHA regulations for machine safeguarding.

Machine shop responsibilities:

The HMC Machine Shop Manager and Safety Coordinator are responsible for assisting users with safety
information and training.

The HMC Machine Shop Manager is responsible for

• the overall supervision and management of the HMC machine shops
• ensuring machine safeguards are properly installed and operating
• safety training and re-training of shop users
• providing users with the proper personal protective equipment

The HMC Safety Coordinator works closely with the Claremont University Consortium Office of
Environmental Health and Safety to provide safety services to the HMC machine shops. The HMC
Safety Coordinator is responsible for
• monitoring the overall effectiveness of the shop safety program
• maintaining training records
• coordinating an annual inspection of all shop areas
• providing or acquiring technical assistance as needed.

All shop users are responsible for

• completing the shop safety training requirements
• following shop safety guidelines
• making sure that you have checked in with a shop proctor
• reporting all shop related accidents

Machine Shop Access

To use the HMC machine shops, users must complete the safety trainings. Initial safety training
includes attending the machine shop safety orientation class, a tour of the machine shops with the
shop manager or shop proctor, signing the HMC Machine Shop User Agreement, and passing the
machine shop safety test. Each year all returning shop users must complete and pass the machine
shop safety test.

Hours of operation
Regular shop hours are will be posted at the start of each semester outside the shop. Closures for
holidays and end of semester will be announced by email. Some students will have restricted use of
the machine shops based on class and/or instructor guidelines. There must always be a shop proctor
on duty for any student to use the shops.

Reporting Accidents
Accidents can and DO happen. Know the location of the first aid cabinet and obtain medical or
emergency treatment as needed. Accidents occurring in the shop are to be immediately reported to
the HMC Machine Shop manager, student shop proctor, dorm proctor on-call or Campus Safety.
Always report injuries no matter how minor. A minor injury could later develop into a serious or
emergency situation. Emergency numbers are posted on shop bulletin boards.

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HMC Machine Shop Safety Manual

HMC Machine Shop Contact Information

Machine Shop Manager
Paul Stovall
Galileo B5
(909) 607-3050

Shop Coordinator
Kash Gokli
Parsons 2382
(909) 607-8642

Office of Emergency Preparedness and Safety

Platt Campus Center basement
(909) 621-8226

Campus Safety
150 East Eighth Street
(909) 607-2000

CUC Environmental Safety and Health Office

Jay Brakensiek
(909)621-8538

General Shop Safety

Machine Shop Requirements for Shop Safety

This handout is designed to acquaint new and experienced shop users with some common shop
hazards. Its goal is to prevent injuries to the people who use this equipment. As you read the
material, you should realize that a major part of shop safety is based upon common sense and
thinking ahead. It is an accepted fact that forethought and the elimination of carelessness can avoid
virtually all shop accidents.

Before you make a move, think about what might occur. THINK AHEAD. Develop the habit of never
trusting mechanical devices. Never place yourself in a position where you could be hurt if something
mechanical failed. Your hands are especially vulnerable. Always be on the watch for possible pinch
points that could develop. Give your undivided attention and thought to the task before you.
Daydreaming or talking with a friend reduces your attention on the job.

Maintaining shop safety is a full-time job. You can never relax in your accident prevention habits.
Remember that safety is a habit, and it must be practiced until it is automatic. If you ever encounter a
situation you're not sure of with regard to safety, consult with the shop manager, a shop proctor or an
instructor.

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HMC Machine Shop Safety Manual

General Shop Safety - Safety Rules

-THINK AHEAD.
-USE COMMON SENSE.
-DON'T TRUST MACHINES.
-PAY ATTENTION TO WHAT YOU'RE DOING. FOCUS ON THE TASK AT HAND.

General Shop Safety Precautions

1. Know and comply with safety rules and regulations governing required protection and
conduct in the areas in which you work.
2. Before starting a machine, always check it for correct setup and if possible, check to see if
machine is clear by operating it manually.
3. Do not distract a person operating a machine
4. Ask the shop proctor or machine shop manager questions to remove any doubt about the
safe way to perform any job.
5. Do not make alterations or perform major repairs on any safety equipment unless
specifically authorized.
6. All machines must be operated with all required guards and shields in place. Do not
interfere with any method or process adopted for the protection of a shop user.
7. Operate only those machines and equipment you have been specifically trained to use or
qualified to use.
8. Take every precaution so that tools and materials are not, by reason of location or use, a
hazard to others.
9. Use the proper tool for the job. Many injuries in the shop occur because a wrench slips and
a hand hits a sharp cutting tool.
10. Keep your fingers clear of the point of operation of machines by using special tools or
devices, such as, push sticks, hooks, pliers, etc. Never use a rag or gloves near
moving machinery.
11. Check tools before use to assure they are safe to use. Check the power cords and plugs on
portable tools for damage before using them.
12. Do not leave tools or work on the table of a machine even if the machine is not running.
Tools or work may fall off and cause a toe or foot injury.
13. Machines must be shut off when cleaning, repairing, or oiling.
14. A brush, hook, or special tool is preferred for removal of chips, shavings, etc. from the
work area. Never use your hands to clean cuttings – they are sharp.
15. Never wear gloves or use rags to clean the work piece or any part of a machine that is
running. Rotating tools or parts can grab gloves and rags and pull you into the machine.
16. You may use compressed air to blow chips away from your part as long as you do not
blow them in the direction of anyone else in the shop. Never use compressed air guns to
clean clothing, hair, or aim the gun at another person.
17. If using compressed air to clean a part, point the air hose down and away from yourself
and other persons.
18. Never indulge in horseplay in the shop areas.
19. Do not block aisles, passageways, corridors, fire lanes, or fire and emergency equipment.
20. Get first aid immediately for any injury. Call Campus Safety (ext 72000) for immediate
assistance.
21. Do not attempt to remove foreign objects from the eye or body. Report to the student
health service for medical treatment. If chemicals get in the eye(s), wash eye(s) for 15
minutes in an open flow of water before proceeding for medical treatment.
22. Every accident must be immediately reported to a shop proctor, the HMC shop manager,
dorm proctor on-call and Campus Safety. A near miss or minor incident should also be
reported. Actions taken to correct any minor problems can help avoid future mishaps.
23. Get help for handling large, long, or heavy pieces of material or machine attachments.
24. Follow safe lifting practices; lift with your leg muscles, not your back. If you do not know
how to lift safely, ask an instructor to show you.

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25. A hard hammer should not be used to strike a hardened tool, another harden hammer, or
any machine part. Use a soft-faced/lead hammer only.
26. Be sure you have sufficient light to see clearly. Check with an instructor or HMC Shop
Manager if you do not have enough.
27. Always consult shop personal before cutting or grinding any small work pieces.
28. SAFETY NOTE! NEVER attempt to operate a machine while your senses are impaired by
medication or other substances.
29. Always wait for hand held power tools to come to a complete stop before laying them
down.
30. Use a dry location with a grounded receptacle when using an electric powered hand tool to
prevent a serious electrical shock.
31. If you have never machined a particular material before you should ask a shop proctor or
the machine shop manager about its machining characteristics and/or any potential health
hazards.
32. Keep in mind that cutting oils may irritate your skin, if that is the case, inform the
machine shop manager and/or your faculty advisor.
33. If you are not familiar with the operation of any piece of equipment, ask a proctor or
machine shop manager for operation instructions.

General Shop Safety- PPE

Clothing and Safety Equipment for the Machine Shop

Hearing Protection

Hearing Safety
Many manufacturing processes are very noisy and can result in permanent deafness if suitable
precautions are not taken. For example, hand grinders produce very high noise levels. Also, people
using a pneumatic chisel or power saw are likely to be exposed to noise levels that can seriously
damage their hearing.

REMEMBER: The danger is irreversible - a hearing aid will not replace lost hearing.

HMC supplies ear plugs for the students and are free of charge. These fit inside the ear canal and can
be reusable or disposable according to the manufacturer's instructions. They may sometimes be
attached to a cord to prevent being lost. Ear plugs may not be suitable for people with a history of ear
problems (Figure 1).

Fig. 1

Figure 1 Disposable ear plugs are made of soft, noise-absorbing foam.

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Selection
There are three main things to consider when selecting hearing protectors:

1. Will they give sufficient protection? The frequency, content, and volume of the noise must be
considered. For construction plant noise, data should be obtained from the manufacturer or
supplier. The data, plus any site measurement data obtained by employers, should be used
along with performance data supplied by manufacturers. The information should be used to
ensure that the equipment is suitable.
2. Are they right for the working conditions? If processes are dusty or dirty, soft plugs, which
need to be molded by hand, could lead to ear infections unless good personal hygiene is
observed.
3. Are they right for the wearer? Long hair, thick spectacle frames may prevent the muffs from
forming a close seal to the head or reducing the muffs' effectiveness

Using Hearing Protectors

Hearing protectors will only give proper protection if they fit, are worn properly, and are used
whenever the wearer is exposed to high noise levels. The more comfortable they are, the more likely
it is that workers will use them properly. Taking them off even for a short time when noise levels are
high can quickly allow hearing damage to occur.

REMEMBER: Hearing protectors that doesn’t fit, doesn’t protect!

EYE PROTECTION
Many machining processes present a risk of injury to the eyes and face. For example, protection will
be needed against flying chips or particles when using a disc cutter or cartridge - operated tools
against arc eye and molten metal splash when using welding equipment or hot cutting metal, and
against corrosive or irritant chemical splashes when working with epoxy resins and concrete.

REMEMBER: Personal protective equipment (PPE) is always the last line of defense; wherever possible
use face shields and machine guards.

Types of Eye Protection

There are two types of eye and face protectors available, spectacles and goggles. (Figure 3.)

Figure 3. Safety glasses and goggles provide important eye and

face safety and should be used whenever the type of job
requires eye or face protection.

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HMC Machine Shop Safety Manual

General PPE Safety Practices

1. ALWAYS wear SAFETY GLASSES or safety goggles designed for the type of work being done when
operating any machine or doing any work in the shop.
2. Wear your safety glasses or safety goggles at all times you are in the shop.
3. Wear shirts with short sleeves, sleeves cut off or rolled up above the elbows.
4. Wear closed-toed shoes and if required, wear thick penetration resistant leather soles-safety shoes
or boots.
5. Always remove gloves before turning on or operating any machine. If material is rough or sharp
and gloves must be worn, place or handle material with the machine turned Off.
6. Do not wear ties, loose clothing, jewelry, gloves, etc. around moving or rotating machinery. Long
hair must be tied back or covered to keep it away from moving machinery. Hand protection in the
form of suitable gloves should be used for handling hot objects, glass or sharp-edged items. Do
NOT wear gloves while operating machinery
7. Wear appropriate clothing for the job (i.e. do not wear short sleeve shirts or short pants when
welding). DO NOT WEAR:
• Tennis shoes (wear thick soled leather shoes, which provide some protection for the
feet)
• Sandals
• Shorts, cutoffs, Bermuda or short-shorts
• Tank tops, muscle shirts, etc.
• Neckties, loose or torn clothing
• Rings, watches, bracelets, or other jewelry that could get caught in moving
• machinery
• Loose clothing or long sleeves (machines can easily grab loose clothing in rotating
parts)

General Shop Safety - Housekeeping

1. Aisles should be clear at all times to avoid tripping or other accidents.
2. Keep floors free of oil, grease, or any other type of liquid. Clean up spilled liquids immediately;
they are slipping hazards.
3. Keep the floor clear of metal swarfs and scrap pieces. Put them in the containers provided for
them. Scrap pieces are tripping hazards, and metal swarfs may cut through a shoe and injure
the foot.
4. Keep the floor around machines clean, dry and free from trip hazards. Do not allow wood chips
or sawdust to accumulate.
5. Place all scrap pieces in the correct containers.
6. Store materials in such a way that they cannot become tripping hazards.
7. Put tools away when not in use.
8. Clean your work area after use, brush tables and place waste in proper containers.

General Shop Safety – Hazardous Materials

Federal and state law dictates that employers must provide information to their employees about
hazardous materials and chemicals that employees may be exposed to in the workplace. The vehicle
for that information is the Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS). A Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) is
used by chemical manufacturers and importers to convey both the physical hazards (pH, flashpoint,
flammability, etc.) and the health hazards (carcinogenicity, teratogenicity, etc.) of their chemicals to

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the end user. The Cal- OSHA MSDS format has the following required categories that must be on
every MSDS:

• Manufacturer's Name and Contact Information

• Hazardous Ingredients/Identity Information
• Physical/Chemical Characteristics
• Fire and Explosion Hazard Data
• Reactivity Data
• Health Hazard Data
• Precautions for Safe

Before using hazardous materials, HMC employees are required to attend appropriate safety training.
Safety training is available through the HMC Chemical Hygiene Officer and your immediate supervisor
or the HMC Safety Coordinator.

General Safety Practices when working with hazardous materials:

1. If you have not worked with a particular material before, check the hazardous materials’
MSDS for any specific precautions to be taken while working with the material.
2. Spilled materials are to be cleaned up properly, promptly, and completely, whether liquid or
solid. If immediate cleanup is not possible, the area must be barricaded to prevent accidents.
3. Follow all appropriate precautions when working with solvents, paints, adhesives or other
chemicals. Use appropriate protective equipment.
4. Always store oily rags in an approved metal container.

General Shop Safety

Specific Machine Safety Considerations

MILLING SAFETY PRACTICES

DANGER! Stop the machine before attempting to make

measurements.

DANGER! Always remove the key from the chuck before turning
on the drill press. It could hit something or fly out with
considerable force.

The following procedures are suggested for the safe operation of a milling machine.

1. Milling machines, like all machine tools, should be cleaned after each work session. A medium
width chip brush may be used to remove accumulated chips.
2. CHIPS are RAZOR SHARP; do NOT use your hand to remove them. Use extreme caution
when removing chips with compressed air, the flying chips may injure you or a nearby person.
3. Become thoroughly familiar with the milling machine before attempting to operate it. When in
doubt, obtain additional instruction from a proctor or the machine shop manager.

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4. Wear appropriate clothing and approved safety glasses!

5. Stop the machine before attempting to make adjustments or measurements.
6. Get help to move any heavy machine attachments, such as a vise, dividing head, rotary table,
or large work.
7. Stop the machine before trying to remove accumulated chips.
8. Never reach over or near a rotating cutter.
9. Be sure the work holding device is mounted solidly to the table, and the work is held firmly.
Spring or vibration in the work can cause thin cutters to jam and shatter.
10. Avoid talking with anyone while operating a machine tool, nor allow anyone to turn your
machine on for you.
11. Keep the floor around your machine clear of chips and wipe up spilled fluid immediately! Place
special oil absorbing compound on slippery floors.
12. Be thoroughly familiar with the placement of the machine's STOP switch or lever.
13. Treat any small cuts and skin punctures as potential infections! Clean them thoroughly. Apply
antiseptic and cover injury with a bandage. Report any injury, no matter how minor, to your
instructor or supervisor.
14. Never "fool around" when operating a milling machine! Keep your mind on the job and be
ready for any emergency!
15. Some materials that are machined produce chips, dust and fumes that are dangerous to your
health. NEVER machine materials that contain asbestos, Fiberglass, beryllium and beryllium
copper unless you are fully aware of the precautions that must be taken.
16. Maintain cutting fluids properly.
17. Be sure the cutter rotates in the proper direction; normally this is a clockwise direction when
looking form above.
18. Carefully store milling cutters, arbors, collets, adapters, etc., after use. They can be damaged
if not stored properly.
19. Never start a cut until you are sure there is adequate clearance on all moving parts!
20. Never use a rag to clean the machine or part, when the spindle is in motion!
21. Never run the machine faster that the correct cutting speed.
22. Always use cutters which are sharp and in good condition.
23. Always stay at the machine while it’s running.
24. Do NOT make heavy cuts or use the rapid feed when milling. Always refer to speed and feed
tables.
25. Rig a guard or shied to prevent chips from hitting you or other people.
26. Before cleaning, remove cutting tools from spindle to avoid cutting yourself.
27. When drilling a deep hole, withdraw the drill bit quite frequent to clear out the chips. If the
chip sticks to the drill bit use an acid brush to remove it.
28. Never drill with excessive pressure, only drill with enough pressure to form a clean chip that is
not discolored.
29. Ease up on the drilling pressure as the drill starts to break through the backside of the
material.

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DRILL PRESS SAFETY PRACTICES

DANGER! Always remove the key from the chuck before turning on the
drill press. It could hit something or fly out with considerable force.

DANGER! Serious injury can result from work that becomes loose and
spins about on a drill press or milling machine. If loose material spins,
hold handle down with one hand and turn off the machine with the other
hand.

DANGER! NEVER insert a tap into the drill chuck and attempt to use
drill press POWER to run the tap into the work. The tap will shatter
when power is applied. Turn the tap by hand!

The following procedures are suggested for the safe operation of a drill press.

1. Remove neckties and tuck in loose clothing so there is no chance of them becoming entangled
in the rotating drill!
2. Never use a rag to clean the machine or part, when the spindle is in motion!
3. Check out the machine! Are all guards in place? Do switches work? Does the machine operate
properly? Are the tools sharpened for the material being worked?
4. Clamp the work solidly on the table or in a vice. Do NOT hold work with your hand. A
"merry-go-round" can inflict serious and painful injuries.
5. Wear approved safety glasses!
6. Place a piece of wood under drills being removed from the machine. Small drills can be
damaged when dropped and the larger tools can injure you if dropped.
7. Use sharp tools
8. Clean chips from the work with a brush, NOT your hands!
9. Treat cuts and scratches immediately!
10. Always remove the key from the chuck BEFORE turning on the power.
11. Let the drill spindle stop on its own after turning off the power. Do NOT attempt to stop or
grab it with your hands!
12. Keep the work area clear of chips.
13. Wipe up all cutting fluid that spills on the floor right away.
14. Avoid trying to clean the tapered opening in the spindle while it is rotating.
15. After using a drill, wipe it clean of chips and cutting fluid. Replace the tool to proper storage.
16. Sheet metal, Plexiglas and other brittle plastics can be difficult to drill. Ask the shop proctor or
the machine shop manager for advice on selecting the proper ground drill bits and cutting fluid
selection.
17. When drilling a long piece of material place the long end of the material between your left side
and the drill presses column.
18. If the drill binds in a hole, stop the machine and turn the spindle backwards by hand to release
the drill bit from the material.
19. Always clean the drill shank and/or drill sleeve, and spindle bore before mounting a drill chuck
or tapered shank drill bit.
20. See milling section rules number 25 through 29.

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TABLE SAW SAFETY PRACTICES

The following procedures are suggested for the safe operation of a table saw:

1. Do not wear gloves while operating a table saw.

2. Keep the floor in front of the saw free of debris and piled up sawdust.
3. Wear proper eye protection at all times and use hearing protection when necessary. Wear short
sleeves and remove dangling jewelry. Stand comfortably, with your feet far enough apart for
good balance.
4. Avoid any awkward operations.
5. Use a push stick or push block to cut narrow stock.
6. Use a stop block when you crosscut short lengths of material and always make sure there is
plenty of clearance between the material and the rip fence to prevent binding.
7. Position your body so that it is NOT in line with the blade.
8. Never reach behind or over the blade unless it has stopped turning. .
9. Always disconnect the power before changing the blade or performing any other maintenance
operation.
10. Make sure that the blade has stopped turning before you adjust the table saw. .
11. Always make sure that the blade is turning free before you turn on the power: this is especially
helpful after you make changes or adjustments.
12. Keep the tabletop clear of all debris.
13. Keep the rip fence parallel to the blade so that the stock will not bind and kick back.
14. Never operate a table saw with the throat insert removed.
15. Do NOT make free-hand cuts on a table saw, use a rip fence, sled, or miter gauge.
16. Keep the blade guards, splitters and anti-kickback fingers in place and operating freely.
17. Work should be released only when it has past the blade.
18. If the piece of material that you are cutting is too large for one person to handle safely, get
someone to assist you in “tailing-off” the excess material. Never try to do it alone. Large work-
pieces should be supported underneath with your hands. Do not grasp it, just support the
vertical load.
19. Check stock for knots, nails, screws, and any other foreign objects before cutting.
20. The blade of the circular saw should always be set to 1/8 of an inch above the work-piece surface
to prevent kickback.
21. The fence and the miter gauge are not meant to be used together, use only one or the other.
22. Don't make adjustments to the fence when the saw is running.
23. Do NOT remove the blade guard assembly without permission from a proctor or machine shop
manager. If you have been instructed to cut something without the blade guard assembly you
must have the riving knife in place. There might be some exceptions to this rule; the machine
shop manager will fill you in on any of those details when he/she gives you permission to remove
the blade guard assembly.
24. Do NOT run the table saw with the bypass mode off, if you need to do so, notify the machine shop
manager for special instructions.
25. Do NOT cut conductive materials on the SawStop without permission from the shop manager.

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26. If the wood that you are cutting seems wet or moist, you will need to have a proctor or the
machine shop manager check it to see if the wood is too conductive to be cut without the SawStop
engaging its emergency braking system.

Band Saw Safety Practices

Safety Note: Wear safety glasses.

ALWAYS use proper blade and blade velocity.

1. The operator should be trained on the location of start stop switches or buttons.
2. Ensure that doors are closed and the blade is properly adjusted prior to turning on the
machine.
3. Adjust the upper guard assembly to within 1/4" or as close as possible before starting the
machine.
4. Be positive the saw blade is installed properly – teeth pointing downward toward the table –
before operating machine.
5. Set the band saw at the appropriate speed for the type of stock being machined.
6. Check to ensure the band saw blade is correct for the type of stock and correct speed being
used.
7. Ensure that the saw blade is sharp for cutting the stock.
8. Do not operate the machine unless all guards are in place and doors closed.
9. Always stop the machine before making adjustments.
10. Allow the saw to reach full set speed prior to cutting the stock.
11. Do not force stock into the saw blade; let the speed of the blade cut stock appropriately.
12. If the band breaks, immediately shut off the power and stand clear until the machine has
stopped. Get the Shop Manager or Proctor to replace the blades.
13. Never push a piece of stock with your hands in front of the saw blade. Keep your hands at a
safe distance on either side of the stock being cut.
14. Use a push stick or board to push small or irregular sized stock.
15. Be attentive to thin cut off pieces hitting the end of the slot in the insert or jamming in the
slot.
16. Small work pieces can also be secured with a table top vise or clamp. All round stock should
be secured in a table top vise or clamp prior to starting the cut.
17. Hold the stock flat on the table prior to starting the cut.
18. If the saw blade binds in a piece of stock, turn the saw off and wait until it comes to a
complete stop before attempting to remove the blade from the stock.
19. Do not allow large quantities of chips to accumulate around the work piece after stopping the
machine. Use a brush or rag to remove all excess chips from the table and stock.
20. The upper guide and guard should be set within 1/4 of an inch or as close to the work piece as
possible.
21. Use the proper pitch blade for the thickness of the material to be cut. There should be at least
two teeth per material thickness when cutting aluminum and three teeth when cutting steel.

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LATHE SAFETY PRACTICES

Metal Lathe

Eye Safety-Wear safety glasses or safety goggles at all times in the shop! If a machine, such as a
pedestal grinder or lathe, has a shield to deflect chips, it does not replace the need to wear safety
glasses.

House Keeping-The shop floor should be kept clear of chips, debris, and pieces of material. Any
fluids, such as coolant or oil, should be cleaned up immediately.

Hand Safety- One of the most common causes of hand injuries is contact with cutting edges. The
cutting edge may be moving, which is very dangerous, but even an edge that is not moving can inflict
a severe cut if you move your hand over it very fast. When operating a lathe, you should not wear
anything on your hands, fingers, or forearms -- this includes long sleeves and gloves. Short sleeves
should be worn in the shop, or long sleeves should be rolled up above the elbows. Gloves may be
worn only when handling sharp pieces of material, and not near operating machinery. They should
always be removed before any machine in the area is started. Long hair should be tied back. Also,
loose clothing should not be worn.

Spindle Safety
When installing and removing chucks, face plates, and
centers, always be sure all mating surfaces are clean and
free from burrs. Do not use power when installing or
removing chucks or faceplates on threaded spindle noses.
If a chuck or faceplate should become jammed on the
spindle nose, contact a proctor or the machine shop
manager about removing it properly.
Figure 4. Use the bar technique to lift
heavy chucks.

When removing centers, be sure to handle them safely, as the point may be sharp. Use the correct
knockout bar to remove the headstock center and/or sleeve. When installing or removing heavy
chucks or work-pieces, be sure to get help to lift them so you won't injure yourself. To help lift a

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chuck, place a bar of soft steel, brass, or aluminum through the chuck with enough of the bar sticking
out of the back to get a good grip on it and then clamp it tight.

Now both of you can pick up the chuck and place it on the chuck board in preparation for installing it
on the spindle nose. When removing it, reverse the process. Never leave a chuck key or chuck wrench
in a chuck. It can be thrown out with great force and injure or kill someone. Develop the habit of
never letting go of the chuck key or wrench when you are using it.

To prevent axial (endwise) movement of a work-

piece in the chuck, two common methods are
used. The first is to use a chuck parallel, which is a
three-legged piece of metal that is placed behind
the work in the chuck (Figure 5).

If a four-jaw chuck is used, use a four-legged

parallel. The other way is to machine a shoulder
on the work-piece that will set against the chuck
jaws. Either of these methods may be used to
prevent the work from pulling away from the
tailstock center.

Figure 5 Chuck parallel

Chip Safety
Do not use your hands to remove chips. Use a pair of pliers for long chips and a brush for short chips.
Long, unbroken chips are more dangerous than short broken chips because they tend to either pile up
in a tangle of wiry chips around the cutting area or extend way out from it. Also note that the chips
maybe very hot and will cause a severe burn.

Machine Operation-Always stop the lathe to do any adjusting, measuring, cleaning, or

lubricating. When it is time to stop the spindle of the lathe, there are two ways to do it. The first is to
shut it off and let it coast to a stop. The other is, if the lathe is so equipped, to step on the brake
treadle to stop it. Never try to stop the spindle of any machine with your hand or fingers as severe
injury could result. Use brake handle and allow machine to coast to stop. Use footbrake to
immediately stop machine. When changing spindle speeds by shifting gears, the lathe must be
completely stopped. If the gears are difficult to mesh, turn the spindle by hand to help align the gear
teeth.

Metal Lathe Safety Rules

1. Remove chuck key from chuck immediately after using.

2. Make sure that the chuck or faceplate is securely tightened onto the lathes spindle.
3. Move the tool bit to a safe distance from the chuck, collet, or face plate when inserting or
removing your part.
4. Do not run the machine faster than the proper cutting speed.

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5. While setting up the tool post holder, place it to the left side of the compound slide to
prevent the compound slide from running into the chuck or spindle attachments.
6. Always clamp the tool bit as short as possible in the tool holder to prevent it from breaking or
vibrating.
7. Always make sure that the tool bit is sharp and has the proper clearance angles. Ask for
assistance in making the proper adjustment.
8. If any filing is done on work revolving in the lathe, file left handed to prevent slipping into
the chuck “see the lathe safety video” and never use a file without a handle.
9. If work is being turned between centers, make sure that the proper adjustments are made
and that the tailstock is locked in place.
10. If work is being turning between centers and expands due to heat generated from cutting,
readjust the center pressure to avoid excessive pressure on the centers.
11. Do not grasp or touch chips with your fingers, they might be very hot and sharp; get rid of
them using a blunt instrument. It is safest to turn off the lathe before clearing the chips from
the machine.
12. Set the tool bit to the proper centerline height to prevent work from climbing over the tool
bit or cutting above the centerline which causes drag between the tool bit and the material.
13. Do NOT cut work completely through when turning between centers.
14. Turn chuck or face plate through by hand before turning the power on, to make sure that
there is no binding or clearance issues.
15. Always stop the machine before taking measurements.
16. Before cleaning the lathe, remove tools from the tool post and tailstock.
17. Never use a rag to clean the machine or part, when it is in motion!

Wood Lathe

Wood lathes are used to spin wood at a high rate of angular velocity while sharp tools are used to
remove wood from the outer perimeter; this tends to throw chips and shavings through the air. Safety
needs to be regarded as essential to keep the wood lathe in its safe tool category.

When thinking wood lathe safety consider four areas:

Hands and other body parts. In order to cut wood tools need to be sharp. As a general rule "It it
will cut maple, it will cut you." Dull tools are dangerous because they slip and catch. Sharp tools will
cut you if they are allowed. Never point the tool tip at yourself and always put tools away so they will
not fall and hurt you nor will you put your hand on a sharp tip.

Wear safety glasses. Wood lathes throw shavings and chips at your face as you shape your part.
Goggles are preferred to avoid dust and chips near eyes. Keep the lathe wire shield down when
shaping the wood stock.

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Avoid prolonged exposure to dust.

Wood Lathe Safety Guidelines

1. Safe, effective use of a wood lathe requires study and knowledge of procedures for using
the tool. Read and thoroughly understand the label warnings on the lathe and in the
owner/operator's manual.
2. Always wear safety goggles or safety glasses and a full face shield when needed. Use a
dust mask in dusty work conditions. Wear hearing protection during extended periods of
operation.
3. Tie back long hair, do not wear gloves, loose clothing, jewelry or any dangling objects
that may catch in rotating parts or accessories.
4. Check the owner/operator's manual for proper speed recommendations. Use slower
speeds for larger diameter or rough pieces, and increased speed for smaller diameters
and pieces that are 'true' or cylindrical. IF the lathe is shaking or vibrating, lower the
speed. If the work-piece vibrates, always stop the machine to check the reason.
5. Make certain that the belt guard or cover is in place. Check that all clamping devices
(locks), such as on the tailstock and tool rest, are tight.
6. Rotate the work-piece by hand to make sure it clears the tool rest and bed before turning
the lathe on. Be sure that the work-piece turns freely and is firmly mounted. Never
adjust the tool rest with the lathe turned on.
7. Use only defect-free stock, make sure there are no cracks, splits, and/or knots which
could chip and fly out, causing serious injury.
8. Hold turning chisels securely on the tool-rest, and hold the tool firmly. Always use a
slower speed when starting until the work-piece is cylindrical. This helps avoid the
possibility of an unbalanced piece jumping out of the lathe and striking the operator.
9. When running a lathe in reverse, it is possible for a chuck or faceplate to unscrew unless
it is securely tightened on the lathe spindle.
10. It is recommended that you rough out your work-piece on a band saw before mounting it
on the lathe.
11. When using a faceplate, be certain the work piece is solidly mounted. When turning
between centers, be certain the work piece is secure.
12. Always remove the tool rest before sanding or polishing operations.
13. Don't over-reach, keep proper footing and balance at all times.
14. Keep lathe in good repair. Check for damaged parts, alignment, binding of moving parts,
and other conditions that may affect its operation.
15. Keep tools sharp and clean for better and safer performance. Don't force a dull tool. Don't
use a tool for a purpose not intended.
16. Consider your work environment. Don't use lathe in damp or wet locations. Do not use in
presence of flammable liquids or gases. Keep work area well lit.
17. Stay alert. Watch what you are doing, use common sense. Don't operate tool when you
are tired, or under the influence of drugs or alcohol.
18. Remove chuck keys and adjusting wrenches. Form a habit of checking for these before
switching on the lathe.
19. Never leave the lathe running unattended. Turn power off. Don't leave the lathe until it
comes to a complete stop.
20. Be sure to allow laminated, or glued-up, blanks to dry thoroughly before turning.
21. Make certain that the work is secure before you start turning operations. Frequently
check it as you continue working on the wood. Position the tool rest 1/8 to ½ of an inch
away from the stock. After adjusting the chuck, remove the chuck wrench immediately.
Make sure all the guards are in place around the rotating heads of the lathe before
operations begin.
22. Never use your fingers to check the work for roundness while the lathe is running,
especially during roughing operations. Stop the lathe to check the progress, or by resting
the back side of the chisel lightly against the top of your work piece while it is still in

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motion
23. Do not use a dead center on the tailstock. A dead center, which does not turn, creates
friction and may burn the work, damaging the product and creating potential hazards.
24. Wear a dust mask when performing sanding operations.

Pedestal Grinder Safety Practices

WARNING: Wear safety goggles or face shield.
Use a dust mask for prolonged operations (see
proctor or the shop manager for masks)

1. Use the safety guards and tool rest.

2. Inspect the wheels before turning on the power. Do not use wheels that have been chipped or
cracked, even though there may be no apparent damage. Such wheels may have internal
fractures and will disintegrate upon startup.
3. Clean the machine thoroughly when processing different types of work pieces. DO NOT GRIND
SOFT MATERIALS (wood, aluminum, brass – use the belt sander)
4. Stand to one side of the wheel while turning on the power.
5. Keep the tool rest as close to the grinding wheel as possible without touching the wheel. The tool
rest must be minimally within 1/8" of the grinding wheel.
6. Prior to starting the grinder, ensure guards enclosing the outside of grinding wheel are in place.
7. Adjust eye shields close to the grinding wheel, and re-adjust as the wheel wears down.
8. Be alert and cautious when a grinding operation requires putting your fingers close to the wheel.
9. Feed the stock into the wheel with light to medium pressure, do not force the piece.
10. Do not use the side of the grinding wheel to shape stock. Grind a work-piece using the face of the
grinding wheel only.
11. Stand erect in front of the grinder with both legs straight and slightly apart. Avoid stooping or
leaning into the machine.
12. Do not touch the ground portion of a work-piece until it has cooled sufficiently.
13. Hold work securely while grinding, use the tool rest to support your work when performing any
grinding operations on a bench or pedestal grinders.
14. Keep the grinding wheel dressed. Dressing a small amount frequently is better than having to
dress a lot later and will allow the wheel to cut faster, cooler, and with a better surface finish.
Dressing is cleaning and smoothing the surface of the grinding wheel.

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Belt Sander Safety Practices

WARNING: Watch where you place your hand

to avoid knuckle running into spinning disc.

1. Use the safety guards and tool rest.

2. Never turn the machine on before clearing the table/work area of all objects (tools, scraps of
wood, etc.).
3. Never turn the machine on with the work-piece contacting the abrasive surface.
4. Inspect the belt for rips and tears. Notify the proctor if the belt needs to be replaced.
5. Avoid kickback by sanding in accordance with the directional arrows. Feed the work-piece against
the downward rotation side of the disk or the forward rotation of the belt with moderate pressure.
6. Do not sand very small or very thin work pieces that cannot be safely controlled
7. Properly support long or wide work pieces.
8. Do not use gloves when hands are close to belt.

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Metal Forming Tools – Safety Practices

Sheet Metal Shear Corner Notcher

1. Ensure that the shear, corner notcher, and hole punch is rated to cut the gauge of sheet metal
you’re working with, or you may damage the equipment.
2. Insure blade guard is in place
3. Keep fingers back away from the clamp and blade
4. Sheet stock should be placed on the table of the sheet metal shear and slid below the Plexiglass
shield. When stock is oriented properly, make a cut by stepping down on the hydraulic foot pedal.
5. Use extreme caution when removing metal from the scrape tray.
6. Keep persons way from backside of shear when using

Metal Benders

Roller Pan & Box Brake

1. The work must be slid under the shoes. Raise the shoe with the elevation levers, slide the work in
place, and lower the shoes back down. The radius of the bend can be set with the adjustments
2. Bend the work by applying force to the bending levers.
3. Keep persons from reaching into the die area. When operating the bender, weighted levers move
at the same time.
4. When operating the Roller, do not wear loose long sleeves, jewelry or other articles of clothing
that could become entangled. Keep fingers clear.

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Heat Treatment

Heat-treating operations require a quench as an integral part of the process. Liquid

quenches normally involve the use of mineral oils, water-based solutions or molten salt.
Less severe quenches use circulated gases or forced air, or involve cooling in still air.
Quenching operations pose various health hazards to workers. These include working in
high temperatures and the risk of fire or explosion

General Safety for Heat Treatment operations

1. Wear safety glasses, gloves and if necessary, heat-resistant protective clothing when working
with hot metal. Quench oils may be very hot (above 100C) and oil temperature increases
during quenching. Splashes or skin contact cause burns. Avoid skin contact with oils by using
gloves and protective clothing.
2. Check that all safety devices, such as automatic shut-off valves, air switches, and exhaust
fans are working properly before lighting the furnace.
3. Ensure that quenching areas have enough ventilation to keep oil mists at recommended levels.
4. Follow the manufacturer's instructions when lighting the furnace.
5. Stand to one side when lighting a gas- or oil-fired furnace.
6. Ensure that water does not contaminate the quenching oil. Any moisture which comes in
contact with the oil can cause an explosion.
7. Use the proper tongs for the job and make sure the tongs are dry before removing any work
from a liquid carburizing pot.
8. Ensure that a suitable bacterial inhibitor or fungicide has been added to the quenching liquid.
9. Cover quenching tanks when not in use.
10. Clean up oil spills and leaks immediately using a nonflammable absorbent.
11. Keep work areas, jigs, baskets and tools free from oil contamination where possible.
12. Wash hands thoroughly after work before starting other tasks.
13. Obtain first aid for all cuts and abrasions. Protect them from contamination by using suitable
dressings.
Additional considerations:
1. Do not inhale the fumes from a molten carburizing salt bath. During the carburizing process,
carbon monoxide is generated. Ensure that this area is well ventilated. These molten salt
baths may contain potassium or sodium cyanide, a deadly poison. Handle the salt mixture with
caution and watch for contamination from carburized metal pieces.
2. Do not wear oil-soaked clothing or put oily rags in your pockets.
3. Do not bring food or drink into areas where quench oils are stored or used.
4. Do not wear or take oil-contaminated clothing or equipment into areas where food or drink are
consumed

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Welding Safety Practices and Guidelines

Notice: Welding equipment is not
allowed out of shop area and can only
be used during hours when the Shop
Manager is available.

Always use an exhaust system

Spot Welders
Welding Equipment

1. Machine Shop manager approval is required before using any welding equipment
2. Welders and anyone else in the welding area must wear safety glasses or helmets of
recommended shades during welding operations.
3. The welder is responsible for erecting a curtain around the welding area to protect others
from eye injury.
4. Inspect all welding equipment to be used prior to each use for possible damage
5. Avoid handling oxygen cylinders with greasy hands, gloves or rags. Fatal explosions have
resulted fro this cause. Do not store or use oil around gauges
6. Always double strap cylinders to a weld cart or a fixed object. Never allow a gas cylinder to
be free standing. Replace the safety cap on all cylinders when not in use.
7. When arc welding, make sure work and/or work table is properly grounded
8. Do not arc weld in a wet area
9. Be alert to possible fire hazards. Move the object to be welded to a safe location, or, remove
all flammables from the work area.
10. Never weld in the same area where degreasing or other cleaning operations are performed.
11. Keep suitable fire extinguishing equipment nearby and know how to operate it.
12. Shut off the cylinder valves when the job is completed; release the pressure from the
regulators by opening the torch valves. Never leave the torch unattended with pressure in
the hoses.
13. Utilize all protective equipment and clothing. Do not arc weld with any part of the body
uncovered. The arc light is actinic light (excessive ultraviolet) and will cause burns similar to
severe sunburn. The shop manager will provide protective jacket and sleeves.
14. Never weld inside drums or enclosed spaces without adequate ventilation.
15. Check the ventilation system before starting to weld and periodically thereafter to ensure
adequate performance. Welding fumes should not be allowed to get into the rest of the shop
working areas.
16. Never cut or weld any container that has held explosive or flammable materials. Use
prescribed methods for cleaning or flooding.
17. Never use wrenches or tools except those provided or approved by the gas cylinder
manufacturer to open cylinder valves. Never use a hammer to open or close valves.
18. Abide by any other safety measures required for each particular type of welding
19. Allow for proper ventilation when brazing or soldering. The fluxes are acidic and toxic.
20. Do not weld on painted, galvanized or greasy, oily metals. Not only can the fumes be toxic,
but the welds will not be satisfactory and will fail in use. Galvanized metals produce
hazardous gases. Weld galvanized metals under shop manager supervision.

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Safety Rules for the Jointer

1. The maximum depth of cut on the jointer is 1/8”, do not exceed this amount.
2. The cutting-head should be guarded with a spring loaded, self-closing guard that adjusts to
the size of the stock.
3. Lock the fence into position before using the jointer.
4. Always use hold down or push blocks for jointing material narrower the 3” or planning
material thinner than 3”.
5. Never joint or plane material less than 10” long.
6. Always keep hands and fingers away from cutting-head.
7. Disconnect machine from power source before making adjustments.
8. No gloves, neckties, jewelry, or loose clothing is allowed near any machinery.
9. Stock that has loose knots, splits, and/or structural defects in it should never be jointed.
10. Stand to one side of the machine, not directly in front of the jointer.
11. Do not leave the jointer until the cutting-head has come to a complete stop.
12. Return the depth of cut to 1/32” when you are finished with the jointer. You, or the next
operator, could be seriously injured if the jointer is set for a deep cut as kickbacks occur
when the depth of the cut is deep.
13. Make sure that there are no nails or screws in the work piece.
14. Clean up the work area.

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